WO2017038242A1 - Dispositif optique, dispositif d'affichage et dispositif électronique - Google Patents

Dispositif optique, dispositif d'affichage et dispositif électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017038242A1
WO2017038242A1 PCT/JP2016/069926 JP2016069926W WO2017038242A1 WO 2017038242 A1 WO2017038242 A1 WO 2017038242A1 JP 2016069926 W JP2016069926 W JP 2016069926W WO 2017038242 A1 WO2017038242 A1 WO 2017038242A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
linearly polarized
polarized light
display
mode
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PCT/JP2016/069926
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
涼 小川
一昭 亀島
谷野　友哉
祐治 中畑
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ソニー株式会社
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Publication of WO2017038242A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017038242A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an optical device that switches between a transmissive state that transmits light and a mirror surface state that reflects light, and a display device and an electronic apparatus including the optical device.
  • a display device configured to be able to switch between a normal screen state (image display mode or external light transmission mode) and a specular state (external light reflection mode) by overlapping two liquid crystal panels (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
  • a display device is, for example, a display in which a reflective polarizing plate, a liquid crystal panel, and an absorbing polarizing plate are stacked in order from the liquid crystal display unit to the viewer on the viewer side of the liquid crystal display unit.
  • a switching unit is provided.
  • the image display mode external light transmission mode
  • the external light reflection mode the light sequentially transmitted through the liquid crystal panel and the absorption polarizing plate in the display switching unit is visually recognized.
  • the image light visually recognized by the observer is affected by the transmission characteristics of the liquid crystal panel and the absorption polarizing plate, and is caused by, for example, the wavelength dispersion of the absorption polarizing plate and the wavelength dispersion of the liquid crystal panel. Coloring may occur and display quality may be lost.
  • An optical device transmits a first linearly polarized light having a first polarization axis and reflects a second linearly polarized light having a second polarization axis that intersects the first polarization axis.
  • a liquid crystal panel having a reflective polarizing member, a TN (Twisted ⁇ Nematic) liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules aligned along the first polarization axis, and a pair of transparent electrodes facing each other with the TN liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween And a transmissive polarizing member that absorbs the first linearly polarized light and transmits the second linearly polarized light in order.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the TN liquid crystal layer are aligned along the first polarization axis. Therefore, in the light transmission mode, the absorptive polarizing member disposed immediately before the light transmission mode. When the first linearly polarized light that transmits through the TN liquid crystal layer is transmitted, excellent viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.
  • a display device includes a display unit that emits first linearly polarized light having a first polarization axis as image light, and is disposed to face the display unit.
  • a display switching unit that switches between an image display mode that transmits light and an external light reflection mode that reflects external light;
  • the display unit includes a first absorptive polarizing member that transmits the first linearly polarized light and absorbs the second linearly polarized light having the second polarization axis that intersects the first polarization axis.
  • the switching unit includes a second absorptive polarizing member that transmits the first linearly polarized light and absorbs the second linearly polarized light, a TN-type liquid crystal layer that includes liquid crystal molecules aligned along the first polarization axis, and A liquid crystal panel having a pair of transparent electrodes facing each other with the TN liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, and a reflective polarizing member that transmits the first linearly polarized light and reflects the second linearly polarized light, in a direction approaching the display unit In order.
  • An electronic apparatus as an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the display device as an embodiment of the present disclosure and a control unit that controls the display device.
  • the display switching unit switches between the image display mode and the external light reflection mode.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the TN type liquid crystal layer are aligned along the first polarization axis, in the image display mode, the first linearly polarized light that passes through the absorption polarizing member disposed immediately before the liquid crystal molecule is When transmitting through the TN type liquid crystal layer, excellent viewing angle characteristics are obtained.
  • the optical device as one embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to exhibit excellent visibility of transmitted light in the external light transmission mode and excellent visibility of reflected light in the external light reflection mode.
  • the display device and the electronic apparatus as an embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to exhibit excellent display performance in both the image display mode and the external light reflection mode.
  • FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram illustrating a polarization state at the time of emission when an incident angle of each light of red, green, and blue is changed in an O-mode TN liquid crystal.
  • FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram illustrating a polarization state at the time of emission when an incident angle of each of red, green, and blue light is changed in an E-mode TN liquid crystal. It is a characteristic view showing the change of the polarization state in the O-mode TN type liquid crystal layer of the light incident at a polar angle of 60 ° and an azimuth of 45 °.
  • FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram illustrating viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity and luminance in a transmission state in Experimental Example 1-1.
  • FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram illustrating viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity and luminance in a mirror state in Experimental Example 1-1.
  • FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram illustrating viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity and luminance in a mirror state in Experimental Example 1-1.
  • FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram illustrating viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity and luminance in a transmission state in Experimental Example 1-2.
  • FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram illustrating viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity and luminance in a mirror state in Experimental Example 1-2. It is a characteristic diagram showing the viewing angle dependence of chromaticity at 0 ° azimuth in Experimental Examples 2-1 and 2-2.
  • FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram showing viewing angle dependence of chromaticity at 45 ° azimuth in Experimental Examples 2-1 and 2-2. It is a characteristic view showing the relationship between the applied voltage with respect to the display switching part in Example 3 of an experiment, and a reflectance.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an overall configuration including a cross section of a display device 1 as an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the operation of the display device 1.
  • the display device 1 is configured such that a screen state and a mirror surface state can be switched by overlapping two liquid crystal panels.
  • the display device 1 includes a display unit 10 and a display switching unit 20 that are arranged to face each other so that their main surfaces overlap each other.
  • the display unit 10 emits image light forming a predetermined display mode toward an observer, and the display switching unit 20 is disposed on the viewer side of the display unit 10 and transmits image light from the display unit 10.
  • the display device 1 further includes a switching drive unit 30 and a control unit 40, and the switching drive unit 30 performs a switching operation in the display switching unit 20 according to a command from the control unit 40.
  • the switching drive unit 30 drives the liquid crystal panel 22 provided in the display switching unit 20.
  • the switching drive unit 30 controls the applied voltage supplied to the liquid crystal panel 22, and determines whether or not to apply a voltage equal to or higher than the threshold voltage between a pair of opposing transparent electrodes of the liquid crystal panel 22, for example. It is.
  • the display part 10 and the display switching part 20 should just overlap at least one part mutually.
  • Display unit 10 In the present embodiment, a case where a liquid crystal display element is used as the display unit 10 will be described. However, in the present technology, various display mechanisms such as an electroluminescence element, a plasma display panel, or electronic paper can be applied as the display unit 10.
  • the driving mode of the display unit 10 includes an active driving mode such as active matrix driving using active elements such as TFT (Thin Film Transistor) and TFD (Thin Film Film Diode), and simple driving without using the active elements as described above. Or any of passive drive modes, such as a multiplex drive, may be sufficient.
  • the panel structure of the display unit 10 may be any of a transmissive panel, a reflective panel, and a reflective transflective panel. In this embodiment, the case where a transmissive panel is used will be described.
  • the display unit 10 includes an absorption polarizing plate 11, a liquid crystal panel 13, an absorption polarizing plate 14, and a backlight 15 in order from a position close to the display switching unit 20.
  • a retardation plate may be further disposed between the absorption polarizing plate 11 and the liquid crystal panel 13.
  • the liquid crystal panel 13 has a structure in which a liquid crystal layer 13C is sandwiched between a transparent electrode substrate 13A and a substrate 13B.
  • the transparent electrode substrate 13A and the transparent electrode substrate 13B are obtained by forming a transparent conductive layer on a transparent substrate such as glass (including quartz) and facing each other so as to have a predetermined interval (for example, about 1.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m). It arrange
  • liquid crystal mode in the liquid crystal layer 13C of the liquid crystal panel 13 examples include a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode, an IPS (In Plane Switching) mode, an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, and an STN (Super Twisted Nematic). Mode, or ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) mode can be used. Since the liquid crystal display element having these liquid crystal modes is configured to realize a display mode using a polarizing plate, it is preferable because a high display quality can be obtained with a relatively low driving voltage. Of these, the VA mode is particularly preferable.
  • the VA mode liquid crystal display element is less likely to float black when stress is applied to the absorption polarizing plates 11 and 14 of the display unit 10 as compared with other liquid crystal modes (for example, IPS mode).
  • black floating means that light leaks in part during black display.
  • the display unit 10 and the display switching unit 20 are bonded together by, for example, a third resin layer 33 (hereinafter simply referred to as a resin layer 33).
  • a gel-like resin is cured and contracted to form the resin layer 33. As the resin is cured and contracted, the polarization of the display unit 10 is increased.
  • the plate particularly the absorption-type polarizing plate 11.
  • black floating may occur slightly in the corners of the display area.
  • VA mode liquid crystal display element As the display unit 10, Black float can be suppressed.
  • the display part 10 (absorption type polarizing plate 11) and the display switch part 20 (reflective type polarizing plate 21 mentioned later) are bonded together through the resin layer 33, the absorption type polarizing plate 11 by bonding and Generation of irregularities in the vicinity of the interface with the reflective polarizing plate 21 can be suppressed.
  • the resin layer 33 for example, a highly transparent substrate-less tape CTL-NC103 manufactured by Lintec, or a double-sided adhesive tape for substrate-less optics DAITAC ZB7010W-10 manufactured by DIC can be used.
  • the absorptive polarizing plates 11 and 14 are set in a required arrangement (for example, a crossed Nicol arrangement) in the configuration of the liquid crystal device 1.
  • the absorptive polarizing plates 11 and 14 have transmission polarization axes 11J and 14J, respectively, transmit linearly polarized light having vibration planes parallel to the transmission polarization axes 11J and 14J, and cross the transmission polarization axes 11J and 14J ( It absorbs linearly polarized light having a vibration plane parallel to the (preferably orthogonal) direction.
  • the absorption polarizing plates 11 and 14 for example, a film obtained by applying a protective layer of triacetyl cellulose on both surfaces of a film imparted with a polarizing function by absorbing iodine into stretched polyvinyl alcohol can be used.
  • the backlight 15 only needs to be able to illuminate the liquid crystal panel 13 with substantially uniform illuminance from behind.
  • an edge-emitting backlight including a light guide plate and a light source disposed on an end surface portion of the light guide plate, or a back-emitting backlight including a light guide plate and a light source disposed on the back surface of the light guide plate Light etc. are mentioned.
  • the display switching unit 20 includes a reflective polarizing plate 21, a liquid crystal panel 22, and an absorption polarizing plate 23 arranged in this order from the display unit 10 toward the viewer.
  • a viewing angle improving film may be disposed between at least one of the absorption type polarizing plate 23 and the liquid crystal panel 22 and between at least one of the reflection type polarizing plate 21 and the liquid crystal panel 22.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 21 has a transmission polarization axis 21J.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 21 transmits linearly polarized light having a vibration plane parallel to the transmission polarization axis 21J, while linearly polarized light having a vibration plane parallel to the direction intersecting (preferably orthogonal to) the transmission polarization axis 21J. It is a reflection.
  • the reflection-type polarizing plate 21 transmits the first linearly polarized light Lp (described later) emitted from the display unit 10 and the second linearly polarized light Ls (rear) having a transmission polarization axis perpendicular thereto. Out) has the function of specular reflection.
  • a birefringence reflective polarizing film in which a plurality of different birefringent polymer films disclosed in International Publication No. WO95 / 27919 is alternately laminated, or a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is used.
  • positioned to the front and back of this can be used.
  • birefringent reflective polarizing film used as the reflective polarizing plate 21 examples include those commercially available from 3M (USA) under the trade name DBEF.
  • DBEF trade name for birefringent reflective polarizing film.
  • Such a birefringent reflective polarizing film has a function of transmitting predetermined linearly polarized light and specularly reflecting linearly polarized light having a polarization axis orthogonal to the polarization axis of the linearly polarized light.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 21 is composed of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer with a quarter-wave plate disposed on the front and back, a liquid crystal containing a low-molecular cholesteric liquid crystal between two aligned transparent substrates.
  • a cell or a polymer cholesteric liquid crystal layer formed on a flat and optically isotropic transparent substrate such as glass or transparent resin can be used.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer exhibits unique optical characteristics based on a helical molecular arrangement. Light incident in parallel to the helical axis reflects circularly polarized light in one rotational direction according to the rotational direction of the cholesteric helix, The other shows selective reflection of transmitting.
  • the wavelength range of selective reflection is determined by the pitch of the molecular arrangement, it is necessary to stack and use a plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal layers having different pitches in order to cause selective reflection over the entire visible wavelength range.
  • Asia ⁇ ⁇ Display 95 Digest, p735, The Institute Television Engineers of Japan (ITE) & The Society for Information Display A cholesteric liquid crystal layer whose pitch is continuously changed as described in (SID) IV may be used.
  • a quarter wavelength plate disposed on the back side of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer that is, on the display unit 10 side.
  • the slow axis may be set in the following direction. That is, the slow axis is arranged so that the first linearly polarized light Lp emitted from the display unit 10 and incident on the reflective polarizing plate 21 is converted into circularly polarized light that passes through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • the quarter-wave plate similarly disposed on the front side of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer that is, on the liquid crystal panel 22 side, has a slow phase so that the circularly polarized light transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is converted into the first linearly polarized light Lp. Arrange the axes.
  • the second linearly polarized light Ls is incident on the reflective polarizing plate 21 having the structure in which the quarter wavelength plates are arranged on the front and back of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer in this way, the second linearly polarized light Ls is 1/4.
  • the wave plate By the action of the wave plate, it is converted into circularly polarized light that is opposite to the circularly polarized light that passes through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer. Therefore, the second linearly polarized light Ls is selectively reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • the circularly polarized light reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer passes through the quarter wavelength plate again, it is converted into the second linearly polarized light Ls by the action of the quarter wavelength plate.
  • the quarter wavelength plate used for the reflection type polarizing plate 21 of this structure it is desirable to use what functions as a quarter wavelength plate in the whole visible wavelength range.
  • a stretched polymer film having a high transmittance in the visible wavelength region such as polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polystyrene, polyarylate, or the like can be used.
  • mica, quartz, a liquid crystal layer with molecular axes aligned in one direction, and the like can be used.
  • wavelength dispersion due to the wavelength dependence of the refractive index of the material constituting the quarter wavelength plate (hereinafter referred to as wavelength dispersion), one type of retardation plate functions as a quarter wavelength plate for the entire visible wavelength range. It is difficult to construct a plate. However, what is necessary is just to use what was comprised so that it might function as a quarter wavelength plate in a wide wavelength range by bonding together at least 2 types of phase contrast plates from which wavelength dispersion differs so that the optical axis may intersect perpendicularly.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 21 and the liquid crystal panel 22 may be bonded together via a first resin layer 31 (hereinafter simply referred to as a resin layer 31) having a thickness of, for example, 25 ⁇ m or less.
  • a resin layer 31 having a thickness of, for example, 25 ⁇ m or less.
  • the absorption polarizing plate 23 has a transmission polarization axis 23J.
  • the absorptive polarizing plate 23 transmits linearly polarized light having a vibration plane parallel to the transmission polarization axis 23J, while linearly polarized light having a vibration plane parallel to a direction intersecting (preferably orthogonal) to the transmission polarization axis 23J.
  • the absorption polarizing plate 23 has a function of absorbing the first linearly polarized light Lp and transmitting the second linearly polarized light Ls orthogonal thereto.
  • the liquid crystal panel 22 sandwiched between the reflection-type polarizing plate 21 and the absorption-type polarizing plate 23 converts the first linearly polarized light Lp into a second linearly polarized light Ls having a polarization axis perpendicular to the first linearly polarized light Lp and transmits the converted light. Switching between the first mode and the second mode in which the first linearly polarized light Lp is transmitted as it is without being converted into the second linearly polarized light Ls is performed.
  • the liquid crystal panel 22 has a structure in which a liquid crystal layer 22C is sandwiched between a transparent electrode substrate 22A and a transparent electrode substrate 22B so that a predetermined electric field can be applied to the liquid crystal layer 22C.
  • the transparent electrode substrate 22A and the transparent electrode substrate 22B are formed by forming a transparent conductive layer such as ITO on a transparent substrate such as glass (including quartz), and are connected to the driving unit 30 and controlled by the control unit 40. Thus, a voltage is applied.
  • the transparent electrode substrate 22A and the transparent electrode substrate 22B are opposed to each other so as to have a predetermined interval (for example, about 1.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m), and are bonded together by a seal material (not shown).
  • the liquid crystal layer 22C is a TN (Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules aligned along the transmission polarization axis 23J. Therefore, the display mode of the liquid crystal panel 22 is the TN mode. That is, the liquid crystal layer 22C has an alignment axis 22J that is substantially parallel to the transmission polarization axis 23J.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 22C may have a pretilt angle of 5 ° or less.
  • the liquid crystal panel 22 and the absorption polarizing plate 23 may be bonded together via a second resin layer 32 (hereinafter simply referred to as a resin layer 32) having a thickness of, for example, 25 ⁇ m or less.
  • a resin layer 32 having a thickness of, for example, 25 ⁇ m or less.
  • a resin layer 32 for example, a highly transparent substrate-less tape CTL-NC103 manufactured by Lintec, a double-sided adhesive tape for substrate-less optical DAITAC ZB7010W-10 or DAITAC ZB7011W manufactured by DIC, etc. can be used. .
  • a retardation plate (not shown) may be disposed between the liquid crystal panel 22 and the absorption polarizing plate 23 and between the liquid crystal panel 22 and the reflection polarizing plate 21.
  • the transmission polarization axis 21J of the reflection-type polarization plate 21 and the transmission polarization axis 11J of the absorption-type polarization plate 11 are substantially parallel, or It is preferable that the transmission polarization axis 21 ⁇ / b> J and the transmission polarization axis 11 ⁇ / b> J of the absorptive polarizing plate 11 are arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal to each other. In the display device 1, it is desirable that the transmission polarization axis of the absorption polarizing plate 11 and the transmission polarization axis of the absorption polarizing plate 14 are substantially orthogonal to each other.
  • the transmission polarization axis 21J of the reflection-type polarization plate 21 and the transmission polarization of the absorption-type polarization plate 14 may be substantially orthogonal.
  • the transmission polarization axis 21J of the reflection-type polarizing plate 21 and the transmission polarization axis 11J of the absorption-type polarization plate 11 are substantially orthogonal
  • the transmission polarization axis 21J of the reflection-type polarization plate 21 and the absorption-type polarization plate 14 is preferably substantially parallel to the transmission polarization axis 14J.
  • an active drive mode such as an active matrix drive using active elements such as TFT and TFD, and a simple drive without using the active elements as described above.
  • any of passive drive modes such as a multiplex drive, may be sufficient.
  • the control unit 40 performs switching between the image display mode and the external light reflection mode in the liquid crystal panel 22 by applying a DC voltage between the transparent electrode substrate 22A and the transparent electrode substrate 22B, or It is good to carry out by applying an alternating voltage of 10 Hz (hertz) or less between the transparent electrode substrate 22A and the transparent electrode substrate 22B. This is because it is advantageous for further reducing the power consumption required for the switching operation between the image display mode and the external light reflection mode in the liquid crystal panel 22 of the display switching unit 20.
  • the liquid crystal layer 22C may have a retardation value ( ⁇ n ⁇ d) of 0.36 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.54 ⁇ m. This is because, when ⁇ n ⁇ d of the liquid crystal layer 22C is within the above-described range, coloring of the display image formed by the display unit 10 can be reduced and the display image can be brightened. In addition, since the retardation value is small, bleeding of the display image is reduced, and a certain wide viewing angle can be secured.
  • ⁇ n at a wavelength of 550 nm of the liquid crystal layer 22C is preferably 0.09 or more and less than 0.14. This is because the transmission characteristics in the mirror state (external light reflection mode), particularly the transmission characteristics in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm, are improved.
  • the display switching unit 20 is in a transmissive state (by controlling the strength of the electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer 22 ⁇ / b> C of the liquid crystal panel 22 in the display switching unit 20 or switching the presence / absence of application of the electric field. Screen state), and the display switching unit 20 can be in a mirror state.
  • the liquid crystal panel 22 of the display switching unit 20 is a TN liquid crystal panel, and is arranged so that the transmission polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate 21 and the transmission polarization axis of the absorption polarizing plate 23 are substantially parallel. The behavior of the case will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the nematic liquid crystal included in the liquid crystal layer 22C is in a twisted state of 90 degrees, and basically has a first mode of optical rotation of 90 degrees. It becomes.
  • the external light L1 incident on the display switching unit 20 passes through the absorption-type polarizing plate 23 and thereby has a second straight line having a vibration plane parallel to the transmission polarization axis 23J of the absorption-type polarizing plate 23. The polarization becomes Ls.
  • the second linearly polarized light Ls is then converted to the first linearly polarized light Lp having a vibration plane parallel to the transmission polarization axis 23J of the absorption polarizing plate 23 by passing through the liquid crystal panel 22.
  • the first linearly polarized light Lp then passes through the reflective polarizing plate 21, the absorbing polarizing plate 11, and the liquid crystal panel 13 as they are, and enters the absorbing polarizing plate 14. Since the first linearly polarized light Lp has a vibration plane orthogonal to the transmission polarization axis 14J of the absorption polarizing plate 14, it is absorbed by the absorption polarizing plate 14.
  • the light L2 emitted from the display unit 10 (that is, the image light constituting the display image of the display unit 10) is a first linearly polarized light having a vibration plane parallel to the transmission polarization axis 11J by the absorption polarizing plate 11.
  • Lp The first linearly polarized light Lp passes through the reflective polarizing plate 21 and enters the liquid crystal panel 22.
  • the vibration plane of the first linearly polarized light Lp incident on the liquid crystal panel 22 is rotated by 90 degrees by passing through the liquid crystal panel 22, and is a second straight line having a vibration plane parallel to the transmission polarization axis 23J of the absorption polarizing plate 23.
  • the polarization becomes Ls.
  • the second linearly polarized light Ls passes through the absorption polarizing plate 23 as it is and is visually recognized by the observer (screen state).
  • the external light L1 is absorbed by the absorption polarizing plate 14 after passing through the display switching unit 20 without being reflected toward the viewer,
  • the image light L2 from the display unit 10 is in a state visible from the outside. That is, the display screen of the display device 1 is in a screen state (image display mode).
  • the second linearly polarized light Ls passes through the liquid crystal panel 22 as it is without being converted into the first linearly polarized light Lp and then enters the reflective polarizing plate 21. Since the second linearly polarized light Ls has a vibration surface in a direction perpendicular to the transmission polarization axis 21J of the reflective polarizing plate 21, it is reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 21. The reflected second linearly polarized light Ls passes through the liquid crystal panel 22 and the absorptive polarizing plate 23 in order again and is visually recognized by the observer.
  • the image light L2 emitted from the display unit 10 is the first linearly polarized light Lp having a vibration plane parallel to the transmission polarization axis 11J of the absorption polarizing plate 11, and thus passes through the reflection polarizing plate 21 as it is. Incident on the liquid crystal panel 22.
  • the first linearly polarized light Lp passes through the liquid crystal panel 22 as it is and then enters the absorption polarizing plate 23. Since the first linearly polarized light Lp has a vibration plane orthogonal to the transmission polarization axis 23J, it is absorbed by the absorptive polarizing plate 23. For this reason, the image light emitted from the display unit 10 is not visually recognized from the outside.
  • the image light L2 from the display unit 10 cannot be visually recognized from the outside, and the external light L1 is reflected toward the observer.
  • the screen is in a mirror state (external light reflection mode).
  • the display switching unit 20 sets the reflective polarizing plate 21 and the absorbing polarizing plate 23 in a crossed Nicols arrangement, and the TN type liquid crystal in the liquid crystal panel 22 is so-called E. Since it is used in -mode (Extraordinary-mode), excellent viewing angle characteristics regarding luminance and chromaticity can be obtained.
  • E-mode is a mode in which the long axis direction of liquid crystal molecules, that is, an abnormal light component is used.
  • TN type liquid crystal is used in O-mode (Ordinary-mode) in a display unit (liquid crystal monitor or the like).
  • O-mode is an abbreviation for Ordinary-mode, which is a mode using the short axis direction of liquid crystal molecules, that is, an ordinary light component.
  • E-mode is better for luminance characteristics and contrast viewing angle characteristics when no voltage is applied.
  • the luminance characteristics and the contrast viewing angle characteristics during voltage application are better in O-mode.
  • gradation inversion is likely to occur, and it is necessary to emphasize the viewing angle of black to halftone. Therefore, TN type liquid crystal used in the display section has a wide range of O-mode with good black to halftone characteristics. It is thought that it is used.
  • the TN liquid crystal is used for the liquid crystal panel 22 in the display switching unit 20 that switches between the image display mode (external light transmission mode) and the external light reflection mode
  • the viewing angle characteristics related to brightness and chromaticity in the specular state (external light reflection mode) are equivalent, and the brightness and chromaticity in the screen state (external light transmission mode). This is because the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the Poincare sphere is one of the representation methods that can visually represent the polarization state, and the polarization state can be understood by the point on the sphere.
  • the equator represents linearly polarized light
  • the longitude indicates the direction.
  • Latitude expresses ellipticity and is circularly polarized in the north and south poles.
  • 3A and 3B show the output when the incident angles (polar angles) of red, green, and blue light (wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm) are changed for each of O-mode and E-mode. It shows the polarization state at the time.
  • the polar angle is changed from 0 ° to 80 °, the direction in which each light is incident is 45 °, and it is cut out into the S1-S2 plane for consideration.
  • O-mode is more angularly dependent on the change in polarization state than the E-mode.
  • O-mode is more wavelength-dependent than E-mode, and it can be said that coloring is increased when viewed from an oblique direction.
  • the effective incident polarization axis is a polarization axis shifted by an angle ( ⁇ ) when the polarizing plate is viewed obliquely. It can also be seen that the displacement amount of the vertical axis (S3) is larger in O-mode than in E-mode. Since the S3 axis represents the change in ellipticity, it indicates that there is a difference in the sensitivity of the phase difference.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B schematically show the relationship between the liquid crystal alignment axis in the TN liquid crystal and the transmission axis of the polarizing plate for each of O-mode and E-mode.
  • E-mode since the effective transmission axis of the polarizing plate and the slow axis of the liquid crystal molecules always coincide with each other, a phase difference hardly occurs.
  • the slow axis of the liquid crystal molecules is 90 ° + ⁇ . This means that the fact that the polarization axis and the slow axis are displaced by ⁇ means that a phase difference is more likely to occur.
  • the amount of change in ellipticity every time it passes through each layer of the liquid crystal is increased, and as a result, the wavelength dependency is also increased, and it is considered that coloring is facilitated.
  • E-mode is preferable as the TN liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal panel 22 for switching between the image display mode (external light transmission mode) and the external light reflection mode.
  • the control unit 40 when the switching operation between the image display mode and the external light reflection mode in the liquid crystal panel 22 is performed, the control unit 40 applies the DC voltage applied between the transparent electrode substrate 22A and the transparent electrode substrate 22B. Or it is good to control the switching drive part 30 so that the increase / decrease speed of an alternating voltage may be changed. This is because an operation delay due to the resistance of the transparent electrode substrates 22A and 22B (operational deviation due to the position in the screen) can be reduced.
  • FIG. 6A is a characteristic diagram showing a change in voltage applied between the transparent electrode substrate 22A and the transparent electrode substrate 22B. In FIG.
  • a solid line graph indicates a voltage change at a position P1 in the vicinity of the connection portion between the transparent electrode substrates 22A and 22B and the wiring from the switching drive unit 30 (for example, near the left end of the transparent electrode substrates 22A and 22B in FIG. 1).
  • the broken line graph indicates a position P2 in the vicinity of the end opposite to the connection portion between the transparent electrode substrates 22A and 22B and the wiring from the switching drive unit 30 (for example, near the right end of the transparent electrode substrates 22A and 22B in FIG. This represents the voltage change at.
  • the voltage increase and decrease are each performed at a constant rate.
  • the voltage increase and decrease may be performed step by step (multiple steps). Good.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B when the voltage change waveform is rectangular, that is, a DC voltage or an AC voltage applied between the transparent electrode substrate 22A and the transparent electrode substrate 22B. Is instantaneously changed, the voltage change at the position P2 (broken line graph) is relatively delayed with respect to the voltage change at the position P1 (solid line graph).
  • FIG. 7A illustrates the case where voltage application of one step is performed until reaching a predetermined voltage required for the switching operation between the image display mode and the external light reflection mode
  • FIG. 7B illustrates the image display mode and the external light reflection. A case where voltage application in two steps is performed until reaching a predetermined voltage required for the mode switching operation is illustrated.
  • the liquid crystal layer 22C of the liquid crystal panel 22 has ⁇ n ⁇ d of 0.36 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.54 ⁇ m, the colored display image formed by the display unit 10 is colored. Can be reduced, and the display image can be brightened. In addition, the blur of the display image is reduced, and a wide viewing angle can be secured to some extent.
  • ⁇ n at a wavelength of 550 nm of the liquid crystal layer 22C is set to 0.09 or more and less than 0.14, it is possible to improve the transmission characteristics in the mirror surface state, particularly the transmission characteristics in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall configuration of the electronic device 100.
  • the electronic device 100 includes the display device 1 according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram schematically showing a display control system of the display device 100 arranged inside the electronic device 100.
  • the electronic device 100 includes a display drive unit 13X and an illumination drive unit 15X.
  • the control unit 40 controls the switching drive unit 30 that drives the switching unit 20, and also controls the display drive unit 13X and the illumination drive unit 15X.
  • Each of the above components may be installed inside the display device 1, or may be installed outside the display device 1, that is, in an area other than the display device 1 inside the electronic device 100, Alternatively, some components may be installed inside the display device 1, and other components may be installed inside the electronic device 100 other than the display device 1.
  • the display driving unit 13X drives the liquid crystal panel 13 provided in the display unit 10 of the display device 1.
  • the display drive unit 13X supplies drive voltages for driving a plurality of pixel regions configured in the liquid crystal drive region of the liquid crystal panel 13, and for example, in the multiplex drive method and the active drive method, scanning is performed.
  • a signal and a data signal corresponding to the scanning signal are supplied in synchronization with the common terminal (scanning line terminal) and the segment terminal (data line terminal) of the liquid crystal panel 13, respectively.
  • Display data such as image data is sent from the main circuit of the electronic device 100 to the display driving unit 13X via the control unit 100X.
  • the illumination driving unit 15X drives the backlight 15 of the display unit 10. More specifically, the illumination drive unit 15X functions to control power supply to the backlight 15 and to switch between a lighting state and a light-off state of the backlight 15, for example.
  • the control unit 40 controls the display driving unit 13X, the illumination driving unit 15X, and the switching driving unit 30, respectively, and performs control commands and data transmission to the respective units.
  • the display driving unit 13X drives the liquid crystal panel 13 to display an image
  • the switching driving unit 30 performs the liquid crystal panel display.
  • the display switching unit 20 is brought into a transmissive state.
  • the display switching unit 20 is set to the external light reflection mode and the display device 1 is set to the mirror state
  • the display switching unit 20 is set to the external light reflection mode by controlling the liquid crystal panel 22 by the switching drive unit 30.
  • the liquid crystal panel 13 is brought into a completely blocked state (shutter closed state) by the display driving unit 13X, or the backlight 15 is turned off by the illumination driving unit 15X.
  • the display device 1 since the display device 1 is provided, it is possible to improve the viewing angle characteristics in the display image and the reflected image visually recognized by the observer. For this reason, according to the electronic device 100, excellent display performance can be exhibited both in the screen state (image display mode) and in the mirror surface state (external light reflection mode).
  • Examples of the electronic device 100 include a television device, a digital camera, a notebook personal computer, a mobile terminal device such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, and a tablet terminal device, or a video camera.
  • the display device can be applied to electronic devices in various fields that display a video signal input from the outside or a video signal generated inside as an image or video.
  • Example 1-2 A simulation was performed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1-1 except that the TN type liquid crystal in the liquid crystal panel 22 of the display switching unit 20 was set to a so-called O-mode. The results are shown in FIG. 10A (transmission state) and FIG. 10B (mirror surface state).
  • TN type liquid crystal including PC monitor is used in O-mode. This is because the O-mode is better in luminance characteristics and contrast viewing angle characteristics when a voltage is applied.
  • the luminance characteristics and contrast viewing angle characteristics in black to halftone are better in O-mode than in E-mode, and white (voltage E-mode is better than O-mode in luminance characteristics and contrast viewing angle characteristics when no voltage is applied.
  • the image quality in the black to halftone state has priority over the image quality in the white state.
  • TN type liquid crystal tends to cause gradation inversion, it is necessary to emphasize the viewing angle of black to halftone. Therefore, it seems that O-mode with good luminance characteristics and contrast viewing angle characteristics from black to halftone is widely used.
  • the TN liquid crystal is used for the display switching unit 20 in the display device 1, it is desirable to use it in E-mode as described above.
  • the reason is considered as follows.
  • the external light L1 sequentially passes through the absorption polarizing plate 23 and the liquid crystal panel 22 including the liquid crystal layer 22C to reflect.
  • Reflected by the polarizing plate 21 Reflected by the polarizing plate 21.
  • the light reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 21 once again passes through the liquid crystal panel 22 including the liquid crystal layer 22C, and then passes through the outermost absorption polarizing plate 23 to reach the outside. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic equivalent to the case where two liquid crystal layers are superposed is effectively obtained.
  • the superiority of O-mode over E-mode at the time of voltage application is almost lost. That is, when used in the display switching unit 20, there is almost no difference between the O-mode and the E-mode when a voltage is applied, and the E-mode in the luminance characteristic and the contrast viewing angle characteristic in the transmission state (when no voltage is applied). Is better than O-mode. Furthermore, it is considered that the image quality in the transmissive state has priority over the image quality in the mirror surface state. Therefore, it can be said that the TN liquid crystal used in the display switching unit 20 is in E-mode.
  • Example 2-1 a sample of the display device 1 according to the above-described embodiment was actually manufactured, and the viewing angle characteristic regarding the chromaticity in the transmission state (screen state) was measured for the sample.
  • Ez-Contrast manufactured by ELDIM was used, and the viewing angle dependence of chromaticity at 0 ° (horizontal) azimuth and 45 ° azimuth was examined.
  • FIG. 11A the horizontal axis represents the polar angle ( ⁇ 80 ° to 0 ° to 80 °)
  • the vertical axis represents the difference ⁇ u′v ′ of the color difference ⁇ u′v ′.
  • Example 2-2 Except that the TN type liquid crystal in the liquid crystal panel 22 of the display switching unit 20 is a so-called O-mode, a sample was prepared in the same manner as in Experimental Example 2-1, and the same investigation was performed. The results are also shown in FIG. 11A (0 ° azimuth) and FIG. 11B (45 ° azimuth).
  • Example 3 In the display device 1 according to the above-described embodiment, a simulation was performed on the relationship between the applied voltage (AC voltage) to the display switching unit 20 and the reflectance. The result is shown in FIG. Table 2 shows the relationship among the applied voltage (AC voltage), frequency (Nz), and power consumption (W) applied to the display switching unit 20.
  • the applied voltage is desirably 5 V or more in order to obtain a stable mirror surface state (for example, a state in which the reflectance fluctuation is 0.2% or less).
  • Table 2 it is confirmed that by setting the frequency to 10 Hz or less, it is possible to realize power consumption less than half of the power consumption of 0.5 W (watt) required for the display device during standby. did it.
  • the present disclosure has been described with the embodiment and the experimental example, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiment and the like, and various modifications are possible.
  • the configuration of the display device 1 and the electronic device 100 has been specifically described, but it is not necessary to include all the components, and other components may be included.
  • a reflective polarizing member that transmits a first linearly polarized light having a first polarization axis and reflects a second linearly polarized light having a second polarization axis that intersects the first polarization axis;
  • a TN (Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules aligned along the first polarization axis, and a liquid crystal panel having a pair of transparent electrodes facing each other with the TN type liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween;
  • An optical polarization device that sequentially absorbs the first linearly polarized light and transmits the second linearly polarized light.
  • the liquid crystal panel converts the first linearly polarized light into the second linearly polarized light and transmits the first linearly polarized light, and transmits the first linearly polarized light without converting it into the second linearly polarized light.
  • the optical device according to (1) wherein the optical device is switched to a second mode.
  • a control unit The control unit switches between the first mode and the second mode in the liquid crystal panel, applies a DC voltage between the pair of transparent electrodes, or 10 Hz between the pair of transparent electrodes. (Hertz)
  • the optical device according to (2) which is performed by applying the following AC voltage.
  • the said control part changes the increase / decrease speed of the said DC voltage, or the increase / decrease speed of the said AC voltage.
  • a display that emits first linearly polarized light having a first polarization axis as image light;
  • a display switching unit that is disposed to face the display unit and performs switching between an image display mode that transmits the first linearly polarized light and an external light reflection mode that reflects external light, and
  • the display unit includes a first absorptive polarizing member that transmits the first linearly polarized light and absorbs the second linearly polarized light having a second polarization axis that intersects the first polarization axis,
  • the display switching unit A reflective polarizing member that transmits the first linearly polarized light and reflects the second linearly polarized light;
  • a TN (Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules aligned along the first polarization axis, and a liquid crystal panel having a pair of transparent electrodes facing each other with the TN type liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween;
  • a display device comprising: a second absorptive polar
  • the display device includes a liquid crystal display element or an organic light emitting element.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage qui présente d'excellentes performances d'affichage dans un mode d'affichage d'images et dans un mode de réflexion de lumière extérieure. Le présent dispositif d'affichage comporte: un unité d'affichage qui émet, en tant que lumière d'image, une première lumière linéairement polarisée présentant un premier axe de polarisation; et une unité de commutation d'affichage qui est disposée de manière à faire face à l'unité d'affichage et effectue une commutation entre un mode d'affichage d'images où la première lumière linéairement polarisée est transmise et un mode de réflexion de lumière extérieure où la lumière extérieure est réfléchie. L'unité d'affichage comporte un premier élément polarisant absorbant qui transmet la première lumière linéairement polarisée et absorbe une deuxième lumière linéairement polarisée présentant un deuxième axe de polarisation qui croise le premier axe de polarisation. L'unité de commutation d'affichage comporte, successivement en direction de l'unité d'affichage: un deuxième élément polarisant absorbant qui transmet la première lumière linéairement polarisée et absorbe la deuxième lumière linéairement polarisée; un panneau à cristaux liquides comportant une couche de cristaux liquides TN qui contient des molécules de cristaux liquides alignées suivant le premier axe de polarisation et une paire d'électrodes transparentes se faisant face, la couche de cristaux liquides TN étant prise en sandwich entre celles-ci; et un élément polarisant réfléchissant qui transmet la première lumière linéairement polarisée et réfléchit la deuxième lumière linéairement polarisée.
PCT/JP2016/069926 2015-08-31 2016-07-05 Dispositif optique, dispositif d'affichage et dispositif électronique WO2017038242A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018179772A1 (fr) * 2017-03-27 2018-10-04 株式会社村上開明堂 Cellule à cristaux liquides réfléchissant
CN109814302A (zh) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-28 斯坦雷电气株式会社 液晶装置

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JP2001318374A (ja) * 2000-02-29 2001-11-16 Hitachi Ltd 画像表示状態と鏡状態とを切り替え可能な装置、および、これを備えた機器
JP2006259210A (ja) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-28 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 偏光板及び液晶表示装置
JP2007199366A (ja) * 2006-01-26 2007-08-09 Toshiba Matsushita Display Technology Co Ltd 液晶表示装置
JP2014052423A (ja) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-20 Toshiba Corp 液晶光学装置及び画像表示装置及び駆動装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001318374A (ja) * 2000-02-29 2001-11-16 Hitachi Ltd 画像表示状態と鏡状態とを切り替え可能な装置、および、これを備えた機器
JP2006259210A (ja) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-28 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 偏光板及び液晶表示装置
JP2007199366A (ja) * 2006-01-26 2007-08-09 Toshiba Matsushita Display Technology Co Ltd 液晶表示装置
JP2014052423A (ja) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-20 Toshiba Corp 液晶光学装置及び画像表示装置及び駆動装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018179772A1 (fr) * 2017-03-27 2018-10-04 株式会社村上開明堂 Cellule à cristaux liquides réfléchissant
CN109814302A (zh) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-28 斯坦雷电气株式会社 液晶装置

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