WO2017005971A1 - Filter element with conductive breaking indicator - Google Patents
Filter element with conductive breaking indicator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017005971A1 WO2017005971A1 PCT/FI2016/050479 FI2016050479W WO2017005971A1 WO 2017005971 A1 WO2017005971 A1 WO 2017005971A1 FI 2016050479 W FI2016050479 W FI 2016050479W WO 2017005971 A1 WO2017005971 A1 WO 2017005971A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- break
- indication location
- transmitter
- break indication
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003251 chemically resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011118 depth filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/15—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces
- B01D33/21—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces with hollow filtering discs transversely mounted on a hollow rotary shaft
- B01D33/23—Construction of discs or component sectors thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/15—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/06—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/15—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces
- B01D33/21—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces with hollow filtering discs transversely mounted on a hollow rotary shaft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
- B01D33/80—Accessories
- B01D33/804—Accessories integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/14—Safety devices specially adapted for filtration; Devices for indicating clogging
- B01D35/143—Filter condition indicators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/14—Safety devices specially adapted for filtration; Devices for indicating clogging
- B01D35/143—Filter condition indicators
- B01D35/1435—Filter condition indicators with alarm means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to filter apparatuses having filter comprising multiple filter elements.
- Filtration is a widely used process whereby a slurry or solid liquid mixture is forced through a media, with the solids retained on the media, as a cake, and the liquid phase passing through. This process is generally well understood in the industry. Examples of filtration types include depth filtration, pressure and vacuum filtration, and gravity and centrifugal filtration.
- the cake formation in vacuum filtration is based on generating suction within the filtrate channels.
- the most commonly used filter media for vacuum filters are filter cloths and coated media, e.g. the ceramic filter medium. These filter media are commonly used in filter apparatuses having filter comprising multiple filter elements, e.g. in rotary vacuum disc filters and rotary vacuum drum filters.
- Rotary vacuum disc filters are used for the filtration of relatively free filtering suspensions on a large scale, such as the dewatering of mineral concentrates.
- the dewatering of mineral concentrates requires large capacity in addition to producing a cake with low moisture content.
- Such large processes are commonly energy intensive and means to lower the specific energy consumption are needed.
- the vacuum disc filter may comprise a plurality of filter discs arranged in line co-axially and around a central pipe or shaft.
- Each filter disc may be formed of a number of individual filter elements or sectors, called filter plates, that are mounted circumferentially in a radial plane around the central pipe or shaft to form the filter disc, and as the shaft is fitted so as to revolve, each filter plate or sector is, in its turn, displaced into a slurry basin and further, as the shaft of rotation revolves, rises out of the basin.
- filter plates that are mounted circumferentially in a radial plane around the central pipe or shaft to form the filter disc, and as the shaft is fitted so as to revolve, each filter plate or sector is, in its turn, displaced into a slurry basin and further, as the shaft of rotation revolves, rises out of the basin.
- the filter medium is submerged in the slurry basin where, under the influence of the vacuum, the cake forms onto the medium.
- the pores are emptied as the cake is deliquored for a predetermined time which is essentially limited by the rotation speed of the disc.
- the cake can be discharged by a back-pulse of air or by scraping, after which the cycle begins again.
- the ceramic filter medium when wetted, does not allow air to pass through which does not allow air to pass through, which further decreases the necessary vacuum level, enables the use of smaller vacuum pumps and, consequently, yields significant energy savings.
- Rotary vacuum drum filters are used for the filtration of relatively free filtering suspensions on a large scale, such as the dewatering of mineral concentrates.
- the dewatering of mineral concentrates requires large capacity in addition to producing a cake with low moisture content.
- the vacuum drum filter may comprise a cylindrical support structure rotating around a longitudinal shaft forming a centre axis for the drum.
- Each filter plate is during each revolution of the shaft displaced for a certain period into a slurry basin situated below the shaft. The filter plate rises out of the basin when the revolution of the shaft proceeds.
- the filter elements of rotary vacuum drum filters are advantageously made of porous ceramic.
- the filter elements are affected by slurry particles and extraneous compounds, especially in the field of dewatering of mineral concentrates. Filter element breakages happen once a while in operation when the filter elements are old, something gets stuck to scrapers or for some other reason. Broken ceramic element has to be removed because there is a significant risk that breakage of one element causes domino effect as the pieces of the broken element may break neighbouring filter plates etc, which may lead to a massive consquential damage of broken plates, and the filter apparatus is out of operation for many days. Broken cloth element may cause excessive energy consumption due to air leakages.
- a filter apparatus comprising a filter formed by a plurality of filter elements, the filter arranged around a central shaft, the central shaft and the filter being revolvable around longitudinal axis of the central shaft, the filter element comprising a permeable membrane layer constituting a suction wall of said filter element, an indicator arranged to generate a break indication upon breakage of the filter element, wherein the filter elements are arranged into break indication location cells, and that at least two break indication location cells are arranged successively in direction of the central shaft, the break indication location cell comprising a transmitter apparatus connected to the indicators of the filter elements arranged to said break indication location cell, the transmitter apparatus comprising transmitter means for wireless communication of a break signal based on the break indication in at least one indicator included in said break indication location cell, the break signal thus arranged to indicate the break indication location cell wherein said break indication has been generated.
- the transmitter apparatus is arranged in a part of the apparatus not changed in replacing procedure of the filter elements.
- the transmitter apparatus is arranged in the central shaft of the filter apparatus.
- the transmitter apparatus is arranged in a support structure attaching the filter element to the central shaft of the filter apparatus.
- the transmitter apparatus is arranged in a fluid channel arranged to convey fluids to and from the filter element.
- the transmitter apparatus comprises a RFID tag/transmitter.
- the transmitter apparatus is a passive RFID tag/transmitter.
- the permeable membrane layer is a porous ceramic membrane layer.
- At least a portion of the indicator is arranged in the porous ceramic membrane layer.
- said portion of the indicator is arranged between the porous ceramic membrane layer and a substrate supporting said membrane layer.
- At least a portion of the indicator is arranged on the peripheral outer edge surface of the filter element.
- the permeable membrane layer comprises fibrous material, such as a fabric comprising monofilaments and/or multifilaments.
- the at least one indicator comprises an electrically conductive wire.
- the at least one indicator comprises an optical fibre.
- the optical fibres are made of chemically resistant materials. Furthermore, they are easy to install in the apparatus. Still further, the optical fibre may be very sensitive to the breakages or fractures and thus the break signal is able to be created et very early state of the breaking.
- the at least one indicator comprises a device for audible signal.
- the apparatus comprises at least three break indication location cells arranged successively in direction of the central shaft.
- the apparatus comprises at least five break indication location cells arranged successively in direction of the central shaft.
- the filter apparatus comprises consecutive coaxial filter discs with sectors formed by a plurality of sector-shaped filter elements, and wherein the break indication location cell extends over at most four filter discs and comprises, at the maximum, four adjacent filter elements in circumferential direction of the filter disc.
- the break indication location cell comprises, at the maximum, two filter elements in circumferential direction of the filter disc.
- the break indication location cell comprises not more than one filter element in circumferential direction of the filter disc.
- the break indication location cell extends, at the maximum, over two filter discs.
- the break indication location cell extends over one filter disc only.
- the break indication location cell comprises one filter element only.
- the filter apparatus comprises a filter drum, wherein the filter element is a part of outer surface of said filter drum, and the break indication location cell comprises, at the maximum, two filter elements in circumferential direction of the filter drum.
- the break indication location cell comprises not more than one filter element in circumferential direction of the filter drum.
- the break indication location cell comprises not more than two filter elements in direction of the central shaft.
- the break indication location cell comprises not more than one filter element in direction of the central shaft.
- the transmitter apparatus is arranged in the filter element.
- the transmitter apparatus comprises an indication device arranged to indicate the transmitter apparatus creating the break signal, such as a light element, preferably a LED, or a device for audible signal.
- an indication device arranged to indicate the transmitter apparatus creating the break signal, such as a light element, preferably a LED, or a device for audible signal.
- the wireless signal is a digital signal.
- the transmitter apparatuses of two oppositely located filter elements are connected to each other and the wireless break signal is arranged to be communicated based on the break indication originating at least one of said two oppositely located filter elements.
- inventive embodiments are characterised by what is stated in the other claims.
- inventive embodiments are also disclosed in the specification and drawings of this patent application.
- inventive content of the patent application may also be defined in other ways than defined in the following claims.
- the inventive content may also be formed of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is examined in the light of expressed or implicit sub-tasks or in view of obtained benefits or benefit groups. Some of the definitions contained in the following claims may then be unnecessary in view of the separate inventive ideas.
- Features of the different embodiments of the invention may, within the scope of the basic inventive idea, be applied to other embodiments.
- Figure 1 is a perspective top view illustrating an exemplary vacuum filter apparatus
- Figure 2a is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a vacuum filter
- Figure 2b is a cutaway view of the filter shown in Figure 2a
- Figure 3a is a schematic side view of another embodiment of a vacuum filter
- Figure 3b is a cutaway view of the filter shown in Figure 3a
- Figure 4a is a schematic side view of third embodiment of a vacuum filter
- Figure 4b is a cutaway view of the filter shown in Figure 4a
- FIG. 5a illustrates a vacuum filter element
- Figure 5b is a side view of an embodiment of the filter element shown in Figure 5a
- Figure 5c is a side view of another embodiment of the filter element shown in Figure 5a.
- Figure 6a illustrates a second vacuum filter element
- Figure 6b is a cross-section view of the filter element shown in
- FIG. 7a illustrates a third vacuum filter element
- Figure 7b is a side view of the filter element shown in Figure 7a
- Figure 8a illustrates a fourth vacuum filter element
- Figure 8b is a side view of the filter element shown in Figure 8a
- Figure 9a is a perspective top view illustrating another exemplary vacuum filter apparatus
- Figure 9b is side view of an embodiment of the filter shown in Figure
- Figure 9c is a cutaway view of the filter shown in Figure 9a
- Figure 9d illustrates a filter element of the filter shown in Figure 9a.
- a material to be filtered is referred to as slurry, but embodiments are not intended to be restricted to this type of fluid material.
- the slurry may have high solids concentration, e.g. base metal concentrates, iron ore, chromite, ferrochrome, copper, gold, cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead and pyrite.
- Figure 1 is a perspective top view illustrating an exemplary filter apparatus.
- the filter apparatus 1 shown here is a disc filter apparatus that comprises a filter 2 consisting of several consecutive co-axial filter discs 16 arranged in line co-axially around the central shaft 4 of the filter 2.
- the filter 2 is supported by bearings on a frame 12 of the filter apparatus and is rotatable about the longitudinal axis X of the filter 2 such that the lower portion of the filter 2 is submerged in a slurry basin 21 located below the filter 2.
- the filter is rotated by e.g. an electric motor not shown in Figure 1 .
- the number of the filter discs 16 may range from 2 to 20, for example.
- the filter apparatus shown in Figure 1 comprises twelve (12) filter discs.
- the diameter of each disc 16 may be ranging from 1 .5 m to 4 m, for example.
- Examples of commercially available disc filters include Ceramec CC filters, models CC-6, CC-15, CC-30, CC-45, CC-60, CC-96 and CC-144 manufactured by Outotec Inc.
- All the filter discs 16 can be preferably essentially similar in structure.
- Each filter disc 16 may be formed of a number of individual sector- shaped filter elements 3, called filter plates, which are mounted circumferentially in a radial planar plane around the central shaft 4 of the filter to form an essentially continuous and planar disc surface.
- the number of the filter plates may be 12 or 15, for example.
- the filter discs 16 are formed by a plurality of sector-shaped filter elements 3.
- the filter element 3 comprises a permeable membrane layer 17 that constitutes a suction wall of said filter element 3. Furthermore, the filter element 3 comprises an indicator 20 arranged to generate a break indication upon breakage of the filter element 3.
- Operation of the disc filter apparatus 1 may be controlled by a filter control unit, such as a Programmable Logic Controller, PLC.
- a filter control unit such as a Programmable Logic Controller, PLC.
- Figure 2a is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a filter
- Figure 2b is a cutaway view of the filter shown in Figure 2a.
- the filter elements 3 are arranged into break indication location cells
- FIG. 5 shown by dash lines in Figures.
- the embodiment shown in Figures 2a, 2b comprises successive break indication location sells 5, but the number of the successive cells can be varied, e.g. the following Figures are showing some examples of potential alternatives.
- the break indication location cells 5 comprises, at the maximum, four adjacent filter elements 3, i.e. parallel in circumferential direction of the filter disc 16.
- each of the break indication location cells 5 comprises three adjacent filter elements 3 in circumferential direction of the filter disc 16.
- the filter elements 3 are filled with lineation in Figure 2b.
- the number of the adjacent filter elements 3 included in one cell 5 can be varied, e.g. the following Figures are showing some examples of potential alternatives.
- the break indication location cell 5 comprises a transmitter apparatus 6 connected to the indicator(s) 20 of the filter element(s) 3 arranged to said break indication location cell 5. Said connection may be wired or wireless connection.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 comprises transmitter means 7 that is able to communicate wirelessly a break signal based on the break indication in at least one indicator 20 included in said break indication location cell 5.
- the break signal indicates the break indication location cell 5 wherein said break indication has been generated, and thus the broken filter element 3 can be located in the apparatus 1 at the level of the break indication location cells 5.
- the wireless break signal is a signal in digital form.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 may comprise means for converting analogical break indication to digital form, i.e. A D converter, but this is not always necessary.
- the wireless break signal is analog signal.
- the break signal sent by transmitter means 7 is received by a receiver means and sent e.g. to the filter control unit for further processing.
- the receiver means may be e.g. RFID receiver arranged to the filter apparatus 1 or outside the filter apparatus 1 . It is to be noted that the receiver means and the filter control unit are not shown in the Figures.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 is arranged in a part of the apparatus 1 that is not changed in replacing procedure of the filter elements 3. Thus the transmitter apparatus 6 remains in the apparatus 1 while the filter element 3 is detached from the apparatus 1 .
- the transmitter apparatus 6 is arranged in the central shaft 4 of the filter apparatus.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 is arranged in the filter element 3.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 comprises a RFID tag/transmitter.
- a passive RFID tag has an advantage that it does not need an energy source of its own but it is harvesting its energy from signals send by an RFID reader arranged to read the break signal. It is to be noted that the RFID reader is not shown in Figures of this description.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 may alternatively be a semi- active or active RFID tag.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 comprises an indication device 13 arranged to indicate the transmitter apparatus 6 creating the break signal, especially for purpose to indicate the location of the transmitter apparatus 6 to an operator going to remove the broken filter element.
- the indication device 13 comprises a light element 14, preferably a LED.
- the indication device 13 comprises a device 15 for audible signal, such as a loudspeaker.
- Figure 3a is a schematic side view of another embodiment of a disc filter apparatus
- Figure 3b is a cutaway view of the disc filter apparatus shown in Figure 3a.
- This embodiment comprises three break indication location cells 5 arranged successively in direction of the central shaft X.
- the break indication location cell 5 extends over four filter discs 16 and comprises just one filter element 3 in circumferential direction of the filter disc 16. Thus there are four filter elements in each of the break indication location cell 5.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 is arranged in a support structure 8 attaching the filter element 3 to the central shaft 4 of the filter apparatus.
- Figure 4a is a schematic side view of third embodiment of a filter
- Figure 4b is a cutaway view of the filter shown in Figure 4a.
- the filter apparatus 1 may comprise at least five break indication location cells 5 arranged successively in direction of the central shaft X.
- the break indication location cell 5 extends over one filter disc 16 only, i.e. the number of the successive break indication location cells 5 is equal to the number of the filter discs 16.
- the filter apparatus 1 here comprises twelve (12) filter discs 16 and thus twelve successive break indication location cells 5.
- each of the break indication location cells 5 comprises just one filter element 3 in circumferential direction of the filter disc 16.
- each of the break indication location cells 5 shown in Figures 4a, 4b comprise one filter element 3 only.
- the break indication location cell 5 comprises, at the maximum, two filter elements 3 in circumferential direction of the filter disc 16.
- the break indication location cell 5 extends, at the maximum, over two filter discs 16.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 is arranged in a fluid channel 9, e.g. fluid hose or pipe, arranged to convey fluids to and/or from the filter element 3.
- a fluid channel 9 e.g. fluid hose or pipe
- Figure 5a illustrates a filter element
- Figure 5b is a side view of an embodiment of the filter element shown in Figure 5a
- Figure 5c is a side view of another embodiment of the filter element shown in Figure 5a.
- the permeable membrane layer 17 may be a porous ceramic membrane layer, whereby at least a portion of the indicator 20 may be arranged in said porous ceramic membrane layer.
- the filter element 3 comprises two membrane layers 17 arranged on opposed sides of the filter element.
- the membrane layers are supported by substrate layers 18.
- An interior space may be defined between the opposed membrane layers 17 resulting in a sandwich structure.
- the interior space provides a flow canal or canals where a negative pressure is maintained, i.e. a pressure difference is maintained over the suction wall.
- the membrane layer 17 contains micropores that create strong capillary action in contact with liquid. This microporous filter medium allows only liquid to flow through. Filtrate is drawn through the membrane layer 17 and the substrate layer 18 as the filter element 3 is immersed into the slurry to be filtered, and a cake of solid particulate material forms on the membrane layers 17.
- the filter element 3 is provided with at least one indicator 20 extending along the filter element 3 to form a continuous circuit and arranged to break upon breakage of the filter element 3.
- the indicator 20 comprises an electrically conductive layer 10, e.g. a printed electric wire, a casted electric wire, a microstrip line, separate electric wire, a metal tape or a painted electric circuit, for example.
- an electrically conductive layer 10 e.g. a printed electric wire, a casted electric wire, a microstrip line, separate electric wire, a metal tape or a painted electric circuit, for example.
- the indicator 20 is arranged along the peripheral outer edge surface 22 of the filter element 3.
- the indicator 20 can be coated with an acid-proof coating, such as epoxy based painting or enamel. Therefore, in embodiments based on electrically conductive layers, cheaper materials (such as copper tape) which are not acid-proof can be used.
- the electrically conductive indicator is made of acid- proof material, e.g. platinum or palladium or compositions thereof are especially advantageous materials for implementing acid-proof wiring.
- the integrity of the indicator 20 is monitored by the transmitter apparatus 6, and the operation, particularly the rotation, of the disc filter apparatus is immediately stopped in response to the wireless break signal based on the break indication in the indicator 20. Additionally, the break signal indicates the break indication location cell 5 wherein said break indication has been generated. This action will advantageously save all the other plates of the disc filter from getting broken. Operation downtime decreases as the consquential damage of several broken plates is avoided and the operator of the disc filter can concentrate on displacing the broken plate. The number of broken consumed filter plates decreases which results in lower operational costs.
- Figure 5c is a side view of another embodiment of the filter element shown in Figure 5a.
- This embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in Figure 5b in that, instead of one indicator 20, there are two indicators 20 on the peripheral outer edge surface 22 of the filter element 3.
- the two indicators 20 are arranged close to the edges of the filter element 3.
- the sensitivity of the indicators 20 to breakages taking place in the membrane 17 and/or substrate layer 18 may be enhanced.
- Figure 6a illustrates a second filter element
- Figure 6b is a cross-section view of the filter element shown in Figure 6a.
- the indicator 20 is provided between the substrate layer 18 and the membrane layer 17 on the both sides of the filter element 3.
- the membrane layer 17 protects the indicator 5 against the direct mechanical and chemical stress from the from the process environment.
- the indicator 20 is preferably made of acid-proof material, advantageously of platinum or palladium.
- the indicator 20 may be manufactured by, for example, applying (preferably printing) a pattern of conductive paste on the outer surface of the substrate layer 18 prior to making the membrane layer 17. This approach can also detect a stripping of the membrane prior to an actual breakage of the substrate.
- Figure 7a illustrates a third filter element
- Figure 7b is a side view of the filter element shown in Figure 7a.
- the indicator 20 is provided mainly on the peripheral outer edge surface 22, but a portion thereof is 3 arranged in/on the membrane layer 17 near the outer end of the of the filter element 4. Said portion may be arranged on sections of the membrane layer 17 which are not scraped by the scrapers of the disc filter apparatus 1 . Alternatively, said portion may be arranged between the substrate layer and the membrane layer of the suction wall.
- the indicator 20 shown in Figures 7a, 7b comprises an optical fibre 1 1 .
- the indicator 20 comprises a device for audible signal, e.g. microphone.
- the device for audible signal may be attached e.g. in fluid channel 9.
- Figure 8a illustrates a fourth filter element
- Figure 8b is a side view of the filter element shown in Figure 8a.
- the indicator 20 is provided mainly on the peripheral outer edge surface 22, but a portion thereof is arranged in/on the membrane layer 17 near the attachment means 14 of the of the filter element 3. Said portion may be arranged on sections of the membrane layer 17 which are not scraped by the scrapers of the disc filter apparatus 1 . Alternatively, said portion may be arranged between the substrate layer and the membrane layer.
- the permeable membrane layer 17 comprises fibrous material, such as fabric comprising monofilaments and/or multifilaments.
- Figure 9a is a perspective top view illustrating another exemplary filter apparatus
- Figure 9b is side view of an embodiment of the filter shown in Figure 9a
- Figure 9c is a cutaway view of the filter shown in Figure 9a
- Figure 9d illustrates a filter element of the filter shown in Figure 9a.
- the filter apparatus 1 may comprise a filter drum 19, i.e. the filter apparatus is a drum filter apparatus. It is to be noted that the filter apparatus 1 is shown by dash lines in Figure 9a in order to clarify the structure of the filter drum 19.
- the filter element 3 is a part of outer surface of the filter drum 19.
- the diameter of the filter drum 19 may be e.g. in range of 1 .8 m - 4.8 m and length in axial direction 1 m - 10 m.
- the surface area of the filter may be e.g. in range of 2 - 200 m 2 .
- drum filters examples include CDF-6/1 .8 manufactured by Outotec Inc.
- the filter elements 3 are divided into break indication location cells 5 basically similar way as described earlier in this description in connection to the disc filters.
- the embodiment shown in Figures 9a - 9c comprises two successive break indication location sells 5, but the number of the successive cells can be varied as described earlier in this description.
- the break indication location cell 5 comprises not more than two filter elements 3 in direction of the central shaft X.
- the break indication location cells 5 include two filter elements 3 in direction of the central shaft X.
- the break indication location cell 5 comprises, at the maximum, two filter elements 3 in circumferential direction of the filter drum 19. As shown in Figure 9c, the embodiment herein comprises three (3) filter elements 3 per break indication location cell 5 in circumferential direction of the filter drum 19.
- the break indication location cell 5 comprises just one filter element 3.
- Figure 9d illustrates a filter element of the filter shown in Figure 9a.
- the filter element 3 comprises a permeable membrane layer 17 that constitutes a suction wall of said filter element 3.
- the filter element 3 comprises an indicator 20 arranged to generate a break indication upon breakage of the filter element 3.
- the main difference of the filter elements of drum filters compares to the filter elements of disc filters is that the latter typically has suction walls on both sides of the filter element, whereas the filter elements of drum filter typically has one suction wall only, on its outer surface. Furthermore, the elements of drum filters have typically rectangular shape as shown in Figure 9d.
- the indicator 20 may be arranged in the drum filter element 3 similar ways described in connection with Figures 5a - 8b.
- Operation of the drum filter apparatus 1 may be controlled by a filter control unit, such as a Programmable Logic Controller, PLC.
- a filter control unit such as a Programmable Logic Controller, PLC.
- the break indication location cell 5 comprises a transmitter apparatus 6 connected to the indicator(s) 20 of the filter element(s) 3 arranged to said break indication location cell 5.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 comprises transmitter means 7 that is able to communicate wirelessly a break signal based on the break indication in at least one indicator 20 included in said break indication location cell 5.
- the break signal indicates the break indication location cell 5 wherein said break indication has been generated, and thus the broken filter element 3 can be located in the apparatus 1 at the level of the break indication location cells 5.
- the wireless break signal is a signal in digital form.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 may comprise means for converting analogical break indication to digital form, i.e. A D converter, but this is not always necessary.
- the wireless break signal is analog signal.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 is arranged in a part of the apparatus 1 that is not changed in replacing procedure of the filter elements 3. Thus the transmitter apparatus 6 remains in the apparatus 1 while the filter element 3 is detached from the apparatus 1 .
- the transmitter apparatus 6 is arranged in the central shaft 4 of the filter apparatus 1 .
- the transmitter apparatus 6 is arranged in a support structure 8 attaching the filter element 3 to the central shaft 4 of the filter apparatus.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 is arranged in a fluid channel 9, e.g. fluid hose or pipe, arranged to convey fluids to and/or from the filter element 3.
- a fluid channel 9 e.g. fluid hose or pipe
- the transmitter apparatus 6 is arranged in the filter element 3 as shown in Figure 9d.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 comprises a RFID tag/transmitter.
- a passive RFID tag has an advantage that it does not need an energy source of its own but it is harvesting its energy from signals send by an RFID reader arranged to read the break signal. It is to be noted that the RFID reader is not shown in Figures of this description.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 may alternatively be a semi- active or active RFID tag.
- the transmitter apparatus 6 comprises an indication device 13 arranged to indicate the transmitter apparatus 6 creating the break signal, especially for purpose to indicate the location of the transmitter apparatus 6 to an operator going to remove the broken filter element.
- the indication device 13 comprises a light element, preferably a LED.
- the indication device 13 comprises a device for audible signal, such as a loudspeaker.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR212018000144U BR212018000144Y8 (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2016-06-29 | FILTER APPLIANCE |
RU2018102113U RU184549U1 (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2016-06-29 | FILTER ELEMENT WITH CONDUCTIVE DAMAGE INDICATOR |
ZA2018/00263A ZA201800263B (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2018-01-15 | Filter element with conductive breaking indicator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20155525 | 2015-07-03 | ||
FI20155525A FI20155525A (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2015-07-03 | The filter device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017005971A1 true WO2017005971A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
Family
ID=56411674
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FI2016/050479 WO2017005971A1 (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2016-06-29 | Filter element with conductive breaking indicator |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BR (1) | BR212018000144Y8 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2017003418U1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI20155525A (en) |
RU (1) | RU184549U1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017005971A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201800263B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020016805A1 (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2020-01-23 | Flsmidth A/S | Filter media with conductive element to indicate wear |
US11452955B2 (en) | 2017-11-24 | 2022-09-27 | Valmet Technologies Oy | Arrangement and method for detecting a damage of a filter fabric of a disc filter at a disc filter unit using microphones |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3358836A (en) * | 1966-04-20 | 1967-12-19 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Filter element indicator |
US20070044656A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for detecting filter rupture |
WO2012102662A1 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-08-02 | Scania Cv Ab | Oil filter element |
WO2014170533A1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | Outotec (Finland) Oy | Disc filter apparatus and method for controlling a disc filter |
WO2014170532A1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | Outotec (Finland) Oy | Filter plate, filter disc apparatus, and a method for controlling a disc filter |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20010050250A1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-12-13 | Olli Hognabba | Corrosion-resistant filter element |
RU2179062C1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-02-10 | Трусов Лев Ильич | Membrane apparatus for separating liquid mixtures |
FI121329B (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2010-10-15 | Larox Oyj | filter Plate |
-
2015
- 2015-07-03 FI FI20155525A patent/FI20155525A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2016
- 2016-06-29 RU RU2018102113U patent/RU184549U1/en active
- 2016-06-29 WO PCT/FI2016/050479 patent/WO2017005971A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-06-29 BR BR212018000144U patent/BR212018000144Y8/en active IP Right Grant
-
2017
- 2017-12-28 CL CL2017003418U patent/CL2017003418U1/en unknown
-
2018
- 2018-01-15 ZA ZA2018/00263A patent/ZA201800263B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3358836A (en) * | 1966-04-20 | 1967-12-19 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Filter element indicator |
US20070044656A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for detecting filter rupture |
WO2012102662A1 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-08-02 | Scania Cv Ab | Oil filter element |
WO2014170533A1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | Outotec (Finland) Oy | Disc filter apparatus and method for controlling a disc filter |
WO2014170532A1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | Outotec (Finland) Oy | Filter plate, filter disc apparatus, and a method for controlling a disc filter |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11452955B2 (en) | 2017-11-24 | 2022-09-27 | Valmet Technologies Oy | Arrangement and method for detecting a damage of a filter fabric of a disc filter at a disc filter unit using microphones |
WO2020016805A1 (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2020-01-23 | Flsmidth A/S | Filter media with conductive element to indicate wear |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CL2017003418U1 (en) | 2018-04-13 |
BR212018000144Y8 (en) | 2023-02-07 |
BR212018000144U2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
FI20155525A (en) | 2017-01-04 |
BR212018000144Y1 (en) | 2021-08-31 |
ZA201800263B (en) | 2018-12-19 |
RU184549U1 (en) | 2018-10-30 |
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