WO2016199836A1 - 渦電流式減速装置 - Google Patents
渦電流式減速装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016199836A1 WO2016199836A1 PCT/JP2016/067170 JP2016067170W WO2016199836A1 WO 2016199836 A1 WO2016199836 A1 WO 2016199836A1 JP 2016067170 W JP2016067170 W JP 2016067170W WO 2016199836 A1 WO2016199836 A1 WO 2016199836A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnets
- magnet
- braking
- circumferential direction
- eddy current
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/02—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type
- H02K49/04—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type
- H02K49/043—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type with a radial airgap
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/09—Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/02—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type
- H02K49/04—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type
- H02K49/046—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type with an axial airgap
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reduction gear mounted as an auxiliary brake on vehicles such as trucks and buses, and more particularly to an eddy current type reduction gear using a permanent magnet to generate a braking force.
- An eddy current type speed reducer (hereinafter also simply referred to as “speed reducer”) using a permanent magnet (hereinafter also simply referred to as “magnet”) includes a braking member fixed to the rotating shaft of the vehicle.
- speed reducer using a permanent magnet
- magnet includes a braking member fixed to the rotating shaft of the vehicle.
- an eddy current is generated on the surface of the braking member facing the magnet by the action of the magnetic field from the magnet.
- a braking torque in the direction opposite to the rotation direction is generated in the braking member that rotates integrally with the rotation shaft, and the rotation speed of the rotation shaft gradually decreases.
- the type of the speed reducer is classified into a drum type and a disk type.
- a drum-type speed reducer is frequently used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a drum type speed reducer.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a general drum-type reduction gear.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of magnets in a conventional drum type speed reducer.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views showing how the magnetic circuit is generated by the conventional reduction gear shown in FIG. Among these figures, FIG. 3 shows a state during braking, and FIG. 4 shows a state during non-braking.
- the longitudinal section is a section along the rotation axis.
- a transverse section is a section perpendicular to the rotation axis.
- the speed reducer includes a cylindrical brake drum 1 and a cylindrical magnet holding ring 2 disposed inside the brake drum 1.
- the braking drum 1 corresponds to a braking member to which a braking torque is applied, and is fixed to a rotating shaft 10 (for example, a propeller shaft, a drive shaft, etc.) of the vehicle via a rotor support member 6. Thereby, the brake drum 1 rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 10.
- An arrow in FIG. 1 shows an example of the rotation direction of the braking drum 1.
- Radiating fins 1 a are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum 1. The heat dissipating fins 1a serve to cool the brake drum 1 itself.
- illustration of the radiation fin 1a is abbreviate
- the magnet holding ring 2 corresponds to a magnet holding member that forms a pair with the braking drum 1 (braking member), and is rotatably supported with respect to the rotating shaft 10 via the stator support member 7.
- the stator support member 7 is fixed to a non-rotating portion (eg, transmission cover) of the vehicle.
- a plurality of permanent magnets 3 are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the magnet holding ring 2.
- the magnet 3 is opposed to the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 1 with a gap, and is arranged in a circumferential direction around the rotation shaft 10.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles (N pole and S pole) of these magnets 3 is different in the radial direction centering on the rotating shaft 10 and alternately between the magnets 3 adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the material of the magnet holding ring 2 is a ferromagnetic material.
- a plurality of ferromagnetic switch plates 4 are provided in the gap between the brake drum 1 and the magnet 3.
- the switch plate 4 is arranged over a circumferential direction around the rotation shaft 10. The arrangement angles of these switch plates 4 coincide with the arrangement angles of the magnets 3.
- the switch plate 4 is held on both sides by a switch plate holding ring 5.
- the switch plate holding ring 5 is fixed to the stator support member 7.
- the magnet holding ring 2 is connected to a driving device such as an air cylinder and an electric actuator (not shown).
- a driving device such as an air cylinder and an electric actuator (not shown).
- the magnet holding ring 2 and the magnet 3 rotate integrally by the operation of the driving device.
- a braking state see FIG. 3
- a non-braking state in which the switch plate 4 straddles the adjacent magnets 3 in the circumferential direction are taken.
- the conventional reduction gear shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 employs a configuration in which the magnet holding ring 2 can rotate around the rotary shaft 10 as a switching mechanism for switching between a braking state and a non-braking state.
- the switching mechanism having such a configuration is also referred to as a “single-row rotation switching mechanism”.
- the switch plate 4 is maintained across the magnets 3 as shown in FIG. 4 by the operation of the single-row rotation switching mechanism. Then, the magnetic flux (magnetic field) from the magnet 3 is as follows. The magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of one of the adjacent magnets 3 reaches the S pole of the other magnet 3 after passing through the switch plate 4. The magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of the other magnet 3 reaches the S pole of one magnet 3 through the magnet holding ring 2. That is, no magnetic circuit is generated between the magnet 3 and the braking drum 1. In this case, no braking torque is generated in the braking drum 1 that rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 10.
- the magnet holding ring 2 is rotated about half of the arrangement angle of the magnet 3 by the operation of the single-row rotation switching mechanism. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 3, the switch plate 4 is maintained in a state where it overlaps the magnet 3. Then, the magnetic flux (magnetic field) from the magnet 3 is as follows.
- the magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of one of the magnets 3 adjacent to each other passes through the switch plate 4 and reaches the brake drum 1.
- the magnetic flux reaching the brake drum 1 reaches the S pole of the other magnet 3 through the switch plate 4.
- the magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of the other magnet 3 reaches the S pole of one magnet 3 through the magnet holding ring 2. That is, a magnetic circuit including the magnets 3 is formed between the magnets 3 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, the magnet holding ring 2, the switch plate 4, and the brake drum 1.
- Such a magnetic circuit is formed by alternately reversing the direction of the magnetic flux over the entire circumferential direction. In this case, a braking torque in the direction opposite to the rotation direction is generated in the braking drum 1 that rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 10.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an eddy current type speed reducer capable of obtaining a high braking torque.
- An eddy current reduction device includes a cylindrical braking member fixed to a rotating shaft, and an inner peripheral surface or an outer peripheral surface of the braking member facing each other with a gap therebetween, and the rotating shaft being the center.
- a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in the circumferential direction, a cylindrical magnet holding member that holds the plurality of permanent magnets, and a switching mechanism that switches between a braking state and a non-braking state.
- the plurality of permanent magnets are disposed between the braking member and the magnet holding member.
- the plurality of permanent magnets includes a plurality of first magnets provided one by one between a plurality of first magnets provided at intervals in the circumferential direction and the first magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction. 2 magnets.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the plurality of first magnets is a radial direction centering on the rotation axis, and is alternately different between the first magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the plurality of second magnets is in the circumferential direction.
- the N poles of the plurality of first magnets and the N poles of the plurality of second magnets are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, and the S poles of the plurality of first magnets and the plurality of poles.
- the S pole of the second magnet is adjacent to the circumferential direction.
- the magnet holding member is a ferromagnetic material.
- a high braking torque can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a general drum-type reduction gear.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of magnets in a conventional drum type speed reducer.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of occurrence of a magnetic circuit during braking by the conventional reduction gear shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a generation state of a magnetic circuit during non-braking by the conventional reduction gear shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of magnets in the reduction gear according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of generation of the magnetic circuit during braking by the speed reducer according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a general drum-type reduction gear.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of magnets in a conventional drum type speed reducer.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of occurrence
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of occurrence of the magnetic circuit during non-braking by the speed reducer of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of magnets in the reduction gear according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view along the circumferential direction showing a state of occurrence of a magnetic circuit during braking by the speed reducer according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view illustrating a generation state of a magnetic circuit during braking by the reduction gear according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view illustrating a generation state of a magnetic circuit during braking by the reduction gear according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view along the circumferential direction showing a state of occurrence of a magnetic circuit during braking by the speed reducer according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view illustrating a generation state of
- FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view along the circumferential direction showing a state of occurrence of a magnetic circuit during non-braking by the speed reducer according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view illustrating a generation state of a magnetic circuit during non-braking by the speed reducer according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10C is a cross-sectional view illustrating a generation state of a magnetic circuit during non-braking by the reduction gear according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of magnets in the reduction gear according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12A is a cross-sectional view along the circumferential direction showing a state of occurrence of a magnetic circuit during braking by the speed reducer of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view illustrating a generation state of a magnetic circuit during braking by the reduction gear according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12C is a cross-sectional view illustrating a generation state of a magnetic circuit during braking by the reduction gear according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view along the circumferential direction showing a state of occurrence of a magnetic circuit during non-braking by the speed reducer of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view illustrating a generation state of a magnetic circuit during non-braking by the speed reducer according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13C is a cross-sectional view illustrating a generation state of the magnetic circuit during non-braking by the speed reducer according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the speed reducer of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing another modification of the speed reducer of the present invention.
- the eddy current type speed reduction device of the present invention includes a cylindrical braking member, a plurality of permanent magnets, a cylindrical magnet holding member, and a switching mechanism.
- the braking member is fixed to the rotating shaft.
- the plurality of permanent magnets are opposed to the inner peripheral surface or the outer peripheral surface of the braking member with a gap, and are arranged in a circumferential direction around the rotation axis.
- the cylindrical magnet holding member holds a plurality of permanent magnets.
- the switching mechanism switches between a braking state and a non-braking state.
- the plurality of permanent magnets are disposed between the braking member and the magnet holding member.
- the plurality of permanent magnets includes a plurality of first magnets provided at intervals in the circumferential direction, a plurality of second magnets provided one by one between the first magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction, including.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the plurality of first magnets is different in the first magnets adjacent to each other in the radial direction around the rotation axis and in the circumferential direction.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the plurality of second magnets is in the circumferential direction.
- the N poles of the plurality of first magnets and the N poles of the plurality of second magnets are adjacent in the circumferential direction, and the S poles of the plurality of first magnets and the S poles of the plurality of second magnets.
- the poles are adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the magnet holding member is a ferromagnetic material. According to this speed reducer, a high braking torque can be obtained.
- the N poles of the plurality of first magnets and the S poles of the plurality of second magnets are adjacent in the circumferential direction, and the S poles and the plurality of first magnets are plural.
- the N pole of the second magnet is adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- a nonmagnetic material may be disposed between each of the plurality of second magnets and the magnet holding member. According to this configuration, a higher braking torque can be obtained.
- the second magnet is indirectly held by the magnet holding member via the first magnet.
- the nonmagnetic material is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained. Examples of the nonmagnetic material include a nonmagnetic organic material, a nonmagnetic inorganic material, and a gas (for example, the atmosphere).
- the nonmagnetic material may be a nonmagnetic metal (eg, aluminum, nonmagnetic stainless steel, etc.).
- a gap may be provided between each of the plurality of second magnets and the magnet holding member.
- the non-magnetic material may be a gas (for example, air) in the gap.
- the clearance gap between a 2nd magnet and a magnet holding member may be the recessed part formed in the part which faces a 2nd magnet among magnet holding members.
- the corner portion on the side far from the braking member may be rounded out of the corner portions of the non-magnetic material. According to this structure, it can suppress that the magnetic flux which detours a nonmagnetic material is disturbed by the corner
- a recess is formed in a portion of the magnet holding member facing the second magnet, and a corner of the bottom of the recess is rounded.
- the length of the second magnet in the circumferential direction may become shorter as it approaches the braking member.
- the length of the first magnet in the circumferential direction may become longer as it approaches the braking member.
- the reduction gear of the present invention may have a predetermined switching mechanism.
- the switching mechanism of the first example the following configuration is adopted. That is, the plurality of first magnets, the plurality of second magnets, and the magnet holding member are divided into a first row and a second row along the circumferential direction.
- a plurality of ferromagnetic switch plates are provided in the circumferential direction so as to coincide with the arrangement angles of the plurality of first magnets in the gaps between the braking member and the plurality of first magnets. Any one of the first row magnet holding members and the second row magnet holding members can rotate about the rotation axis. The rotation is switched between a braking state and a non-braking state.
- the switching mechanism of the first example includes a drive device that rotates any one of the magnet holding members in the first row and the second row, and a switch plate.
- the following configuration is employed in the switching mechanism of the second example. That is, the plurality of first magnets, the plurality of second magnets, and the magnet holding member are divided in the order of the first row, the second row, and the third row along the circumferential direction.
- a plurality of ferromagnetic switch plates are provided in the circumferential direction so as to coincide with the arrangement angles of the plurality of first magnets in the gaps between the braking member and the plurality of first magnets. Any one of the first and third rows of magnet holding members and the second row of magnet holding members can rotate about the rotation axis. The rotation is switched between a braking state and a non-braking state.
- the switching mechanism of the second example includes a drive device that rotates a magnet holding member in a predetermined row, and a switch plate.
- the configuration using the switch plate has an advantage that the heat generated in the braking member due to the eddy current is not easily transmitted to the permanent magnet.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the first magnets adjacent to each other in the axial direction along the rotation axis and the second magnets is different.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the first magnets adjacent to each other in the axial direction and the second magnets may coincide with each other.
- the length of the switch plate may be the same as the length of the first magnet in the circumferential direction.
- the magnet holding member may be capable of moving in the axial direction along the rotation axis. And the braking state and the non-braking state may be switched by the movement.
- the switching mechanism in this case includes a drive device that moves the magnet holding member along the axial direction.
- the length of the first magnet may be 1.5 to 9 times the length of the second magnet in the circumferential direction.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of magnets in the reduction gear according to the first embodiment.
- 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views showing the occurrence of magnetic circuits by the speed reducer of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows a state during braking
- FIG. 7 shows a state during non-braking.
- the reduction gear of the first embodiment is based on the configuration of the drum type reduction gear shown in FIG. The same applies to second and third embodiments described later. About the same part as the drum type reduction gear shown in FIG. 1, the overlapping description may be omitted.
- the reduction gear according to the first embodiment includes a braking drum (braking member) 1 and a magnet holding ring (magnet holding member) 2 in the same manner as the reduction gear shown in FIG.
- the brake drum 1 is fixed to a rotating shaft and rotates with the rotation of the rotating shaft.
- the material of the magnet holding ring 2 is a ferromagnetic material.
- the plurality of permanent magnets 3 include a plurality of first magnets 3A and a plurality of second magnets 3B.
- the plurality of first magnets 3 ⁇ / b> A and the plurality of second magnets 3 ⁇ / b> B are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the magnet holding ring 2.
- the plurality of first magnets 3 ⁇ / b> A and the plurality of second magnets 3 ⁇ / b> B are alternately arranged over the circumferential direction of a circle centering on the rotation shaft 10.
- the second magnets 3B are arranged one by one between the first magnets 3A adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the surface of the permanent magnet 3 may be covered with a resin or a carbon sheet.
- a plurality of permanent magnets 3 held by the magnet holding ring 2 are arranged between the braking drum 1 and the magnet holding ring 2. That is, the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the magnet holding ring 2 are opposed to each other with the plurality of permanent magnets 3 interposed therebetween.
- a ferromagnetic metal material which will be described later, may be used as the ferromagnetic material constituting the magnet holding ring 2.
- the first magnet 3A is provided at intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the second magnet 3B is provided between the first magnets 3A adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles (N pole, S pole) of the first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A is in the radial direction with the rotating shaft 10 as the center. In other words, the direction connecting the N pole and the S pole of one first magnet 3A is along the radial direction. Furthermore, the arrangement of the magnetic poles (N pole, S pole) of the first magnet 3A is alternately different between the first magnets 3A adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles (N pole, S pole) of the second magnet 3 ⁇ / b> B is in the circumferential direction about the rotation axis 10.
- the direction connecting the N pole and the S pole of one second magnet 3B is along the circumferential direction. Furthermore, the arrangement of the magnetic poles (N pole, S pole) of the second magnet 3B is alternately different between the second magnets 3B adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the first magnet 3A and the second magnet 3B are arranged as shown in FIG. That is, on the side facing the braking member 1, the north pole of the first magnet 3A and the north pole of the second magnet 3B are adjacent in the circumferential direction, and the south pole of the first magnet 3A and the south pole of the second magnet 3B. Are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. On the other hand, on the side facing the magnet holding ring 2, the N pole of the first magnet 3A and the S pole of the second magnet 3B are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, and the S pole of the first magnet 3A and the N pole of the second magnet 3B. The poles are adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the magnet holding ring 2 of the first embodiment is supported via the stator support member 7 so as to be movable in the axial direction along the rotation shaft 10.
- the magnet holding ring 2 is connected to a drive device such as an air cylinder or an electric actuator (not shown).
- a drive device such as an air cylinder or an electric actuator (not shown).
- a configuration in which the magnet holding ring 2 is movable in the axial direction is adopted as a switching mechanism that switches between a braking state and a non-braking state.
- the switching mechanism having such a configuration is also referred to as an “axial movement switching mechanism”.
- the material of the brake drum 1, particularly the material of the surface layer portion of the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 1 facing the magnets 3A and 3B is a conductive material.
- conductive materials include ferromagnetic metal materials (eg, carbon steel, cast iron, etc.), weak magnetic metal materials (eg: ferritic stainless steel, etc.), or non-magnetic metal materials (eg, aluminum alloys, austenitic stainless steel, Copper alloy etc.).
- the first magnet 3A and the second magnet 3B are maintained in the state of being pulled out of the braking drum 1, as shown in FIG. That is, the magnets 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B are maintained in a state greatly deviated from the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 1. For this reason, the magnetic flux (magnetic field) from the magnets 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B does not reach the braking drum 1. Therefore, no magnetic circuit is generated between the magnets 3A and 3B and the brake drum 1. In this case, since no eddy current is generated on the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 1, no braking torque is generated in the brake drum 1 that rotates integrally with the rotary shaft 10.
- the magnet holding ring 2 is moved to the inside of the braking drum 1 by the operation of the axial movement switching mechanism.
- the magnets 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B are concentrically overlapped with the brake drum 1, and the magnets 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B are opposed to the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 1.
- the magnetic flux (magnetic field) from magnet 3A and 3B will be in the following situations.
- the magnetic flux emitted from the north pole of one of the first magnets 3A adjacent to each other reaches the braking drum 1 facing the first magnet 3A.
- a magnetic flux from the N pole of the second magnet 3B in contact with the first magnet 3A is also superimposed on this magnetic flux.
- the magnetic flux reaching the brake drum 1 reaches the south pole of the other first magnet 3A.
- the magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of the other first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A reaches the S pole of the first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A through the magnet holding ring 2.
- a strong magnetic circuit is formed by the magnets 3A and 3B between the first magnets 3A adjacent in the circumferential direction, the second magnet 3B in contact with the first magnet 3A, the magnet holding ring 2, and the brake drum 1.
- the Such a magnetic circuit is formed by alternately reversing the direction of the magnetic flux over the entire circumferential direction.
- the magnetic circuit is schematically indicated by a bold line, and the direction of the magnetic flux is indicated by an arrow on the bold line.
- the switch plate 4 as shown in FIG. 1 is not necessarily required. Instead of the switch plate 4, a flat pole piece made of a ferromagnetic material may be fixed to the surface of the first magnet 3A. On the other hand, when the switch plate 4 is provided, at the time of braking, the switch plate 4 may be disposed in the gap between the first magnet 3A and the brake drum 1 so that the first magnet 3A and the switch plate 4 overlap each other.
- a groove (concave portion) is formed in a portion of the magnet holding ring 2 facing the second magnet 3B, and the groove is a gap 2a.
- the gap 2 a is provided between the second magnet 3 ⁇ / b> B and the magnet holding ring 2.
- the gap 2a is filled with the atmosphere (nonmagnetic material) and functions as a nonmagnetic material. Therefore, the magnetic flux which goes to the magnet holding ring 2 from the 2nd magnet 3B is suppressed by the clearance gap 2a.
- the magnetic flux from the second magnet 3B superimposed on the magnetic flux from the first magnet 3A toward the braking drum 1 increases. As a result, the magnetic flux density to the braking drum 1 increases, and the braking torque can be increased.
- the surface of the permanent magnet 3 on the magnet holding ring 2 side covers the entire surface of the second magnet 3B and does not cover the surface of the first magnet 3A.
- a body (gap 2a) is arranged. This configuration enables a high effect by the second magnet 3B.
- the non-magnetic material may be a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. More specifically, the non-magnetic body may have a shape obtained by bending a rectangular parallelepiped so as to be along the circumference of a circle centered on the rotation axis.
- the length LA of the first magnet 3A is preferably 1.5 to 9 times the length LB of the second magnet 3B.
- the reason is as follows.
- the length LA of the first magnet 3A is too small compared to the length LB of the second magnet 3B, the main magnetic flux from the first magnet 3A is reduced, and the braking torque is reduced.
- the length LA of the first magnet 3A is too large compared to the length LB of the second magnet 3B, the magnetic flux from the second magnet 3B superimposed on the main magnetic flux from the first magnet 3A is reduced. However, the braking torque is reduced.
- the braking torque is reduced if the length LA of the first magnet 3A is too small or too large compared to the length LB of the second magnet 3B. More preferably, the length LA of the first magnet 3A is 2 to 4 times the length LA of the second magnet 3B.
- the lengths of the magnets 3A and 3B referred to here are the lengths along the circumferential direction around the rotation axis.
- a copper plating layer is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the braking drum 1 facing the magnets 3A and 3B.
- the magnets 3A and 3B are preferably thicker as long as they are allowed in design. This is because the eddy current generated by the action of the magnetic field from the magnets 3A and 3B becomes larger and higher braking torque can be obtained.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of magnets in the reduction gear according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9A to FIG. 9C are diagrams showing the generation state of the magnetic circuit during braking by the speed reducer according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10A to FIG. 10C are diagrams showing the generation status of the magnetic circuit during non-braking by the reduction gear.
- FIGS. 9A and 10A are cross-sectional views along the circumferential direction.
- 9B and 10B are longitudinal sectional views of the reduction gear.
- 9C and 10C are cross-sectional views of the speed reducer.
- the speed reducer of the second embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment, and is different from the first embodiment in the switching mechanism.
- the reduction gear according to the second embodiment includes a two-row rotation switching mechanism as a switching mechanism that switches between a braking state and a non-braking state.
- the first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A, the second magnet 3 ⁇ / b> B, and the magnet holding ring 2 are always housed inside the brake drum 1 and do not move in the axial direction along the rotation shaft 10.
- the magnets 3A and 3B and the magnet holding ring 2 are divided into a first row (first row C1) and a second row (second row C2) along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 10.
- the first row of magnets 3A and 3B and the magnet holding ring 2 and the second row of magnets 3A and 3B and the magnet holding ring 2 are independent from each other with a slight gap.
- the axial lengths of the first row magnets 3A and 3B along the rotation axis 10 are substantially the same as the axial lengths of the second row magnets 3A and 3B along the rotation axis 10 (FIG. 8).
- a plurality of ferromagnetic switch plates 4 are provided in the circumferential direction around the rotation shaft 10.
- the switch plate 4 is not divided like the magnets 3 ⁇ / b> A, 3 ⁇ / b> B and the magnet holding ring 2.
- the arrangement angles of these switch plates 4 coincide with the arrangement angle of the first magnet 3A.
- the size of the switch plate 4 is as follows.
- the length in the circumferential direction around the rotating shaft 10 is substantially the same as that of the single first magnet 3A (see FIGS. 9C and 10C).
- the axial length along the rotation axis 10 is substantially the same as the sum of the first magnets 3A in the first row and the second row (see FIGS. 9B and 10B).
- the switch plate 4 is held by the switch plate holding ring 5 on both sides.
- the switch plate holding ring 5 is fixed to the stator support member 7.
- the first row magnet holding rings 2 are fixed to the stator support member 7.
- the magnet holding ring 2 in the second row is supported by the stator support member 7 and is rotatable around the rotation shaft 10.
- a drive device such as an air cylinder or an electric actuator (not shown) is connected to the magnet holding ring 2 in the second row.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the magnets 3A and 3B in the first row and the second row adjacent in the axial direction along the rotating shaft 10 is made to coincide with each other (see FIGS. 9A and 9B).
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the magnets 3A and 3B in the first row and the second row adjacent in the axial direction along the rotation shaft 10 is alternately changed (see FIGS. 10A and 10B).
- the switch plate 4 overlaps the first magnet 3A (see FIGS. 9C and 10C).
- the operation of the two-row rotation switching mechanism maintains the magnetic poles of the first row and second row magnets 3A and 3B alternately different as shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C. . Then, the magnetic flux (magnetic field) from magnet 3A and 3B will be in the following situations.
- the magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of one of the first magnets 3A of the first and second rows adjacent to each other is the switch plate. After passing through 4, the S pole of the other first magnet 3A is reached. A magnetic flux from the N pole of the second magnet 3B in contact with the first magnet 3A is also superimposed on this magnetic flux. The magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of the other first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A reaches the S pole of the first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A through the magnet holding ring 2.
- a strong magnetic circuit is formed by the magnets 3A and 3B between the first magnets 3A adjacent in the axial direction, the second magnet 3B in contact with the first magnet 3A, the magnet holding ring 2, and the switch plate 4. .
- Such a magnetic circuit is formed by alternately reversing the direction of the magnetic flux over the entire circumferential direction.
- the magnetic circuit is not formed in the cross section along the circumferential direction. This is because a strong magnetic circuit is formed in a cross section along the axial direction.
- the operation of the two-row rotation switching mechanism causes the magnetic poles of the first row and second row magnets 3A and 3B to coincide with each other as shown in FIGS. 9A to 9C. Maintained. Then, the magnetic flux (magnetic field) from magnet 3A and 3B will be in the following situations.
- the magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of one of the first magnets 3A adjacent in the circumferential direction passes through the switch plate 4 and reaches the braking drum 1.
- a magnetic flux from the N pole of the second magnet 3B in contact with the first magnet 3A is also superimposed on this magnetic flux.
- the magnetic flux reaching the braking drum 1 reaches the S pole of the other first magnet 3A through the switch plate 4.
- the magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of the other first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A reaches the S pole of the first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A through the magnet holding ring 2.
- the strong magnetism by the magnets 3A and 3B is provided between the first magnets 3A adjacent in the circumferential direction, the second magnet 3B in contact with the first magnet 3A, the magnet holding ring 2, the switch plate 4, and the brake drum 1.
- a circuit is formed. Such a magnetic circuit is formed by alternately reversing the direction of the magnetic flux over the entire circumferential direction.
- the speed reduction device of the second embodiment also has the same effect as the first embodiment.
- the two-row rotary switching mechanism employed in the second embodiment can reduce the overall length of the reduction gear compared to the axial movement switching mechanism as in the first embodiment, and thus the size of the device can be reduced. It is effective for.
- the reduction gear of the second embodiment it is also possible to adopt the above-described single-row rotation switching mechanism without dividing the magnets 3A, 3B and the magnet holding ring 2.
- the state of the magnetic circuit during braking is almost the same as when the double-row rotation switching mechanism is employed, but the state of the magnetic circuit during non-braking is different.
- the switch plate 4 is maintained in a state straddling the first magnets 3A adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the magnetic circuit is not formed in the longitudinal section along the axial direction, and the magnetic circuit is formed only in the transverse section along the circumferential direction.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of magnets in the reduction gear according to the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 12A to 12C are views showing the generation state of the magnetic circuit during braking by the reduction gear according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13A to FIG. 13C are diagrams showing the state of occurrence of the magnetic circuit during non-braking by the reduction gear.
- FIGS. 12A and 13A are cross-sectional views along the circumferential direction.
- 12B and 13B are longitudinal sectional views of the reduction gear.
- 12C and 13C are cross-sectional views of the reduction gear.
- the speed reducer of the third embodiment is a modification of the second embodiment, and differs from the second embodiment in the switching mechanism.
- the reduction gear of the third embodiment includes a three-row rotation switching mechanism as a switching mechanism that switches between a braking state and a non-braking state.
- the first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A, the second magnet 3 ⁇ / b> B, and the magnet holding ring 2 are always housed inside the brake drum 1 and do not move in the axial direction along the rotation shaft 10.
- the magnets 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B and the magnet holding ring 2 are divided into three rows along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 10. Specifically, they are divided in the order of the first column (first column C1), the second column (second column C2), and the third column (third column C3).
- the first row of magnets 3A and 3B and the magnet holding ring 2, the second row of magnets 3A and 3B and the magnet holding ring 2, and the third row of magnets 3A and 3B and the magnet holding ring 2 have a slight gap. They are independent from each other.
- the axial lengths of the first and third rows of magnets 3A and 3B along the rotational axis 10 are approximately the axial lengths of the second row of magnets 3A and 3B along the rotational shaft 10, respectively. It is half (see FIGS. 11, 12A, 12B, 13A, and 13B).
- the size of the switch plate 4 of the third embodiment is as follows.
- the length in the circumferential direction around the rotating shaft 10 is substantially the same as that of the single first magnet 3A (see FIGS. 12C and 13C).
- the length in the axial direction along the rotation shaft 10 is substantially the same as the sum of the first magnets 3A in the first to third rows (see FIGS. 12B and 13B).
- the first row of magnet holding rings 2 and the third row of magnet holding rings 2 are fixed to the stator support member 7.
- the magnet holding ring 2 in the second row is supported by the stator support member 7 and is rotatable around the rotation shaft 10.
- a drive device such as an air cylinder or an electric actuator (not shown) is connected to the magnet holding ring 2 in the second row.
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the first to third rows of magnets 3A and 3B adjacent to each other in the axial direction along the rotation shaft 10 is made to coincide with each other (see FIGS. 12A and 12B).
- the magnetic poles of the first to third rows of magnets 3A and 3B adjacent in the axial direction along the rotation shaft 10 are alternately changed (see FIGS. 13A and 13B).
- the switch plate 4 overlaps the first magnet 3A (see FIGS. 12C and 13C).
- the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the magnets 3A and 3B in the first to third rows is maintained alternately different as shown in FIGS. 13A to 13C by the operation of the three-row rotation switching mechanism. . Then, the magnetic flux (magnetic field) from magnet 3A and 3B will be in the following situations.
- a strong magnetic circuit is formed by the magnets 3A and 3B between the first magnets 3A adjacent in the axial direction, the second magnet 3B in contact with the first magnet 3A, the magnet holding ring 2, and the switch plate 4. .
- Such a magnetic circuit is formed by alternately reversing the direction of the magnetic flux over the entire circumferential direction. Such a situation is the same in the magnets 3A and 3B in the second row and the third row.
- the magnetic circuit is not formed in the cross section along the circumferential direction. This is because a strong magnetic circuit is formed in a cross section along the axial direction.
- the operation of the three-row rotation switching mechanism causes the magnetic poles of the first to third rows of magnets 3A and 3B to coincide with each other as shown in FIGS. 12A to 12C. Maintained. Then, the magnetic flux (magnetic field) from magnet 3A and 3B will be in the following situations.
- the magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of one of the first magnets 3A adjacent in the circumferential direction passes through the switch plate 4 and reaches the braking drum 1.
- a magnetic flux from the N pole of the second magnet 3B in contact with the first magnet 3A is also superimposed on this magnetic flux.
- the magnetic flux reaching the braking drum 1 reaches the S pole of the other first magnet 3A through the switch plate 4.
- the magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of the other first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A reaches the S pole of the first magnet 3 ⁇ / b> A through the magnet holding ring 2.
- the same magnetic circuit as that of the second embodiment is formed both when braking and when not braking. Therefore, the reduction gear of the third embodiment also has the same effect as that of the second embodiment.
- the magnets 3A and 3B are not used when braking, compared to the case where the two-row rotation switching mechanism is employed as in the second embodiment.
- the magnetic flux from is more dispersed. For this reason, generation
- the two-row rotation switching mechanism of the second embodiment can be modified as follows.
- the first row of magnet holding rings 2 are rotatably supported by the stator support member 7, and the second row of magnet holding rings 2 are fixed to the stator support member 7.
- any one of the first row of magnet holding rings 2 and the second row of magnet holding rings 2 only needs to be rotatable about the rotation shaft 10.
- the three-row rotary switching mechanism of the third embodiment can be modified as follows.
- the first row and third row magnet holding rings 2 are rotatably supported by the stator support member 7, and the second row magnet holding rings 2 are fixed to the stator support member 7.
- any one of the magnet holding rings 2 in the first row and the third row and the magnet holding rings 2 in the second row may be rotatable around the rotation shaft 10.
- the magnets 3A and 3B and the magnet holding ring 2 are arranged inside the brake drum 1, and the magnets 3A and 3B are opposed to the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 1.
- the magnets 3A and 3B and the magnet holding ring 2 can be arranged outside the brake drum 1 and the magnets 3A and 3B can be changed so as to face the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum 1.
- the magnets 3 ⁇ / b> A and 3 ⁇ / b> B are held on the inner peripheral surface of the magnet holding ring 2.
- FIG. 14 shows a cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis.
- the magnet holding ring 2 shown in FIG. 14 has a recess (groove) that becomes a gap 2a, and two corners at the bottom of the recess are rounded. That is, in the form shown in FIG. 14, the corner 2ac on the side farther from the braking member 1 is rounded out of the corners of the nonmagnetic material (atmosphere) existing in the gap 2a.
- it can suppress that the magnetic flux which passes the magnet holding ring 2 is interrupted
- the length of the second magnet 3B in the circumferential direction may be shortened as the brake member 1 is approached.
- An example of such a configuration is shown in FIG. FIG. 15 shows a cross section (transverse cross section) orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotating shaft.
- the length of the second magnet 3 ⁇ / b> B in the circumferential direction becomes shorter as it approaches the braking member 1.
- the cross section of the second magnet 3B has an isosceles trapezoidal shape with a short side on the braking member 1 side, and has a line-symmetric shape with a line extending in the radial direction from the rotation axis as the axis of symmetry.
- the cross section of the first magnet 3A has an isosceles trapezoidal shape with a long side on the braking member 1 side, and has a line-symmetric shape with a line extending in the radial direction from the rotation axis as a symmetry axis.
- the inclined side wall of the second magnet 3B is pressed by the inclined side wall of the first magnet 3A.
- the second magnet 3B can be prevented from jumping out to the braking member 1 side.
- the second magnet 3B can be easily fixed by using the first magnet 3A and the second magnet 3B having the shape shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 14 and 15 is a modification of the configuration shown in FIGS. In the other reduction gears of the present invention, the configuration shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 may be adopted.
- the eddy current type speed reducer of the present invention is useful as an auxiliary brake for any vehicle.
- braking drum braking member
- 1a heat radiation fin
- 2a gap (non-magnetic material)
- 3A first magnet
- 3B second magnet
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- Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図5は、第1実施形態の減速装置における磁石の配列を示す斜視図である。図6及び図7は、第1実施形態の減速装置による磁気回路の発生状況を示す横断面図である。これらの図のうち、図6は制動時の状態を示し、図7は非制動時の状態を示す。第1実施形態の減速装置は、前記図1に示すドラム型減速装置の構成を基本とする。後述する第2及び第3実施形態でも同様とする。図1に示すドラム型減速装置と同様の部分については、重複する説明を省略する場合がある。
図8は、第2実施形態の減速装置における磁石の配列を示す斜視図である。図9A~図9Cは、第2実施形態の減速装置による制動時の磁気回路の発生状況を示す図である。図10A~図10Cは、その減速装置による非制動時の磁気回路の発生状況を示す図である。これらの図のうち、図9A及び図10Aは円周方向に沿った断面図である。図9B及び図10Bは減速装置の縦断面図である。図9C及び図10Cは減速装置の横断面図である。第2実施形態の減速装置は、前記第1実施形態を変形したものであり、前記第1実施形態と比較し、スイッチング機構が相違する。
図11は、第3実施形態の減速装置における磁石の配列を示す斜視図である。図12A~図12Cは、第3実施形態の減速装置による制動時の磁気回路の発生状況を示す図である。図13A~図13Cは、その減速装置による非制動時の磁気回路の発生状況を示す図である。これらの図のうち、図12A及び図13Aは円周方向に沿った断面図である。図12B及び図13Bは減速装置の縦断面図である。図12C及び図13Cは減速装置の横断面図である。第3実施形態の減速装置は、前記第2実施形態を変形したものであり、前記第2実施形態と比較し、スイッチング機構が相違する。
2:磁石保持リング(磁石保持部材)、
2a:隙間(非磁性体)
3:永久磁石、 3A:第1磁石、 3B:第2磁石、
4:スイッチ板、 5:スイッチ板保持リング、
6:ロータ支持部材、 7:ステータ支持部材、 10:回転軸
Claims (11)
- 回転軸に固定された円筒状の制動部材と、
前記制動部材の内周面又は外周面と隙間を空けて対向し、前記回転軸を中心とする円周方向にわたり配列された複数の永久磁石と、
前記複数の永久磁石を保持する円筒状の磁石保持部材と、
制動状態と非制動状態とを切り替えるスイッチング機構と、を備え、
前記複数の永久磁石は前記制動部材と前記磁石保持部材との間に配置されており、
前記複数の永久磁石は、前記円周方向に間隔をあけて設けられた複数の第1磁石と、前記円周方向で隣接する前記第1磁石同士の間に1つずつ設けられた複数の第2磁石と、を含み、
前記複数の第1磁石の磁極の配置は前記回転軸を中心とする径方向であって、前記円周方向に隣接する前記第1磁石同士で交互に異なり、
前記複数の第2磁石の磁極の配置は前記円周方向であり、
前記制動部材に面する側において、前記複数の第1磁石のN極と前記複数の第2磁石のN極とが前記円周方向に隣接し且つ前記複数の第1磁石のS極と前記複数の第2磁石のS極とが前記円周方向に隣接しており、
前記磁石保持部材は強磁性体である、渦電流式減速装置。 - 請求項1に記載の渦電流式減速装置であって、
前記複数の第2磁石のそれぞれと前記磁石保持部材との間に非磁性体が配置されている、渦電流式減速装置。 - 請求項2に記載の渦電流式減速装置であって、
前記複数の第2磁石のそれぞれと前記磁石保持部材との間に隙間が設けられており、
前記非磁性体は前記隙間内の大気である、渦電流式減速装置。 - 請求項2又は3に記載の渦電流式減速装置であって、
前記非磁性体の角部のうち前記制動部材から遠い側の角部が丸められている、渦電流式減速装置。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の渦電流式減速装置であって、
前記第2磁石の前記円周方向における長さが、前記制動部材に近づくにつれて短くなる、渦電流式減速装置。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の渦電流式減速装置であって、
前記複数の第1磁石、前記複数の第2磁石及び前記磁石保持部材は、前記円周方向に沿って、第1列と第2列とに分割されており、
前記制動部材と前記複数の第1磁石との隙間に、前記複数の第1磁石の配置角度と一致するように、前記円周方向にわたり複数の強磁性体のスイッチ板が設けられ、
前記第1列の磁石保持部材と前記第2列の磁石保持部材とのうちのいずれか一方が、前記回転軸を中心とする回転が可能であり、
前記回転によって前記制動状態と前記非制動状態とが切り替えられる、渦電流式減速装置。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の渦電流式減速装置であって、
前記複数の第1磁石、前記複数の第2磁石及び前記磁石保持部材は、前記円周方向に沿って、第1列、第2列、及び第3列の順に分割されており、
前記制動部材と前記複数の第1磁石との隙間に、前記複数の第1磁石の配置角度と一致するように、前記円周方向にわたり複数の強磁性体のスイッチ板が設けられ、
前記第1列及び第3列の磁石保持部材と前記第2列の磁石保持部材とのうちのいずれか一方が、前記回転軸を中心とする回転が可能であり、
前記回転によって前記制動状態と前記非制動状態とが切り替えられる、渦電流式減速装置。 - 請求項6又は7に記載の渦電流式減速装置であって、
前記非制動状態では、前記回転軸に沿った軸方向で隣接する前記第1磁石同士及び前記第2磁石同士の磁極の配置が異なる状態にされ、
前記制動状態では、前記軸方向で隣接する前記第1磁石同士及び前記第2磁石同士の磁極の配置が一致する状態にされる、渦電流式減速装置。 - 請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の渦電流式減速装置であって、
前記円周方向において、前記スイッチ板の長さが前記第1磁石の長さと同じである、渦電流式減速装置。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の渦電流式減速装置であって、
前記磁石保持部材が、前記回転軸に沿った軸方向への移動が可能であり、
前記移動によって前記制動状態と前記非制動状態とが切り替えられる、渦電流式減速装置。 - 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の渦電流式減速装置であって、
前記円周方向において、前記第1磁石の長さが前記第2磁石の長さの1.5~9倍である、渦電流式減速装置。
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US15/564,019 US10756612B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-06-09 | Eddy current deceleration device |
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- 2016-06-09 US US15/564,019 patent/US10756612B2/en active Active
- 2016-06-09 CN CN201680033787.9A patent/CN107636943B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-06-09 WO PCT/JP2016/067170 patent/WO2016199836A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-06-09 EP EP16807542.2A patent/EP3309944A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019100396A (ja) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-24 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 渦電流式ダンパ |
JP2019183906A (ja) * | 2018-04-05 | 2019-10-24 | 株式会社免制震ディバイス | マスダンパ |
JP7094756B2 (ja) | 2018-04-05 | 2022-07-04 | 株式会社免制震ディバイス | マスダンパ |
JPWO2021039868A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | ||
WO2021039868A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | 学校法人工学院大学 | 回転電機 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3309944A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
EP3309944A4 (en) | 2018-06-13 |
US20180138795A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
US10756612B2 (en) | 2020-08-25 |
JPWO2016199836A1 (ja) | 2018-02-01 |
JP6620809B2 (ja) | 2019-12-18 |
CN107636943B (zh) | 2020-02-18 |
CN107636943A (zh) | 2018-01-26 |
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