WO2016195229A1 - 선박 - Google Patents
선박 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016195229A1 WO2016195229A1 PCT/KR2016/003541 KR2016003541W WO2016195229A1 WO 2016195229 A1 WO2016195229 A1 WO 2016195229A1 KR 2016003541 W KR2016003541 W KR 2016003541W WO 2016195229 A1 WO2016195229 A1 WO 2016195229A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- valve
- boil
- heat exchanger
- compressor
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 486
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 144
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 746
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
- F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
- F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
- F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B63J2099/001—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse
- B63J2099/003—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse of cargo oil or fuel, or of boil-off gases, e.g. for propulsive purposes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
- F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0358—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
- F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
- F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
- F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/72—Processing device is used off-shore, e.g. on a platform or floating on a ship or barge
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ship, and more particularly, to a ship including a system for re-liquefying the remaining boil-off gas used as the fuel of the engine in the boil-off gas generated inside the storage tank.
- Liquefied gas liquefied gas at low temperature has the advantage that the storage and transport efficiency can be improved because the volume is very small compared to the gas.
- liquefied gas, including liquefied natural gas can remove or reduce air pollutants during the liquefaction process, it can be seen as an environmentally friendly fuel with less emissions of air pollutants during combustion.
- Liquefied natural gas is a colorless and transparent liquid obtained by liquefying natural gas containing methane as a main component at about -162 °C, and has a volume of about 1/600 compared with natural gas. Therefore, when liquefied and transported natural gas can be transported very efficiently.
- the liquefaction temperature of natural gas is a cryogenic temperature of -162 °C
- liquefied natural gas is easily evaporated because it is sensitive to temperature changes.
- the storage tank storing the liquefied natural gas is insulated.
- the natural gas is continuously vaporized in the storage tank during the transport of the liquefied natural gas.
- -Off Gas, BOG occurs.
- BOG -Off Gas
- Boil-off gas is a kind of loss and is an important problem in transportation efficiency.
- the internal pressure of the tank may be excessively increased, and there is also a risk that the tank may be damaged. Accordingly, various methods for treating the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank have been studied.
- a method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas to return to the storage tank, and returning the boil-off gas to the fuel of a ship engine The method used as an energy source of a consumer is used.
- a refrigeration cycle using a separate refrigerant is used to re-liquefy the boil-off gas by exchanging the boil-off gas with the refrigerant, and a method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas itself as a refrigerant without a separate refrigerant.
- PRS Partial Re-liquefaction System
- DFDE is composed of four strokes and adopts the Otto Cycle, which injects natural gas with a relatively low pressure of 6.5 bar into the combustion air inlet and compresses the piston as it rises.
- the ME-GI engine is composed of two strokes and employs a diesel cycle that directly injects high pressure natural gas near 300 bar into the combustion chamber near the top dead center of the piston. Recently, there is a growing interest in ME-GI engines with better fuel efficiency and propulsion efficiency.
- a ship including a storage tank for storing liquefied gas, it is installed downstream of the storage tank, compressed by the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank as a refrigerant
- An boil-off gas heat exchanger for cooling by boil-off heat of the boil-off gas (hereinafter referred to as 'first fluid');
- a compressor installed downstream of the boil-off heat exchanger to compress a portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank;
- a spare compressor installed downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger in parallel with the compressor to compress another portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank;
- a refrigerant heat exchanger for further cooling the first fluid cooled by the evaporative gas heat exchanger;
- a refrigerant pressure reducing device which is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger (hereinafter, the fluid sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger is referred to as a 'second fluid'), and expands the second fluid cooled by the refrigerant heat
- first fluid comprises: an evaporated gas compressed by the compressor; And a stream in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor are joined.
- the second fluid may be any one of: an evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor; And a stream in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor are joined. Any one of the vessels is provided.
- the vessel may further include a gas-liquid separator for separating the partially liquefied liquefied gas and the evaporated gas remaining in the gaseous state through the boil-off gas heat exchanger, the refrigerant heat exchanger and the first decompression device,
- the liquefied gas separated by the gas-liquid separator may be sent to the storage tank, and the boil-off gas separated by the gas-liquid separator may be sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger.
- the first fluid branches into two streams upstream of the fuel source, with a portion passing sequentially through the boil-off gas heat exchanger, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the first depressurization device, and some or all of which may be reliquefied, Some may be sent to the fuel demand.
- the second fluid used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger is again sent to the spare compressor, whereby the spare compressor and the refrigerant heat exchange
- a refrigerant cycle of a closed loop connecting the refrigerant pressure reducing device to the refrigerant heat exchanger may be formed.
- the second fluid used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger after being compressed by the redundant compressor and passed through the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger after being discharged from the storage tank. It can be combined with the boil-off gas.
- the vessel may further include a valve installed on a line for communicating the first fluid and the second fluid, wherein the valve is evaporated by the extra compressor and the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor. It can be opened and closed to join or separate gases.
- the refrigerant reducing device may be an expander, and the fluid immediately before passing through the refrigerant reducing device and the fluid immediately after passing may be gaseous.
- the boil-off gas treatment system including a storage tank for storing liquefied gas, after compressing a portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank by a compressor A first supply line for sending to fuel demand; A second supply line branched from the first supply line to compress another portion of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank by an extra compressor; A return line branched from the first supply line to reliquefy the compressed boil-off gas through an boil-off gas heat exchanger, a refrigerant heat exchanger, and a first pressure reducing device; A recirculation line passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger and the refrigerant pressure reducing device and sending the cooled boil-off gas back to the refrigerant heat exchanger for use as a refrigerant, and then joining the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank; A first additional line connecting between the refrigerant reducing device and the recirculation line downstream of the refrigerant heat exchanger
- the heat exchanger cools the evaporated gas supplied along the return line
- the refrigerant heat exchanger comprises: an evaporated gas supplied along the recirculation line using the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant reducing device as a refrigerant; And an evaporation gas supplied along the return line.
- the vessel's boil-off gas treatment system includes: a first valve installed on the first supply line upstream of the compressor; A second valve installed on the first supply line downstream of the compressor; A third valve installed on the second supply line upstream of the redundant compressor; A fourth valve installed on the second supply line downstream of the redundant compressor; A fifth valve installed on the return line upstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger; A sixth valve installed in the recirculation line upstream of the refrigerant pressure reducing device and the refrigerant heat exchanger; A ninth valve installed in the recirculation line downstream of the refrigerant reducing device and the refrigerant heat exchanger; A tenth valve installed on the first additional line; A twelfth valve installed on the second additional line; A thirteenth valve installed on the third additional line; A fourteenth valve installed on the fourth additional line; And a fifteenth valve installed on the fifth additional line.
- the boil-off gas treatment system of the vessel may further include an eleventh valve installed on the first supply line upstream of the fuel demand and downstream of the second supply line.
- the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the tenth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the ninth valve, the twelfth valve, and the first valve are opened.
- the thirteenth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve operate the system in the closed state, and close the third valve when the boil-off gas is supplied to the spare compressor, so that the boil-off gas is supplied to the spare compressor, the sixth valve,
- a closed loop refrigerant cycle may be formed to circulate the refrigerant heat exchanger, the refrigerant pressure reducing device, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the tenth valve.
- the first valve, the second valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the tenth valve are closed, and the third valve and the fourth valve are opened, and from the storage tank.
- the boil-off gas passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger may be supplied to the fuel demand via the third valve, the spare compressor, and the fourth valve.
- the first valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the twelfth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are opened, and the second valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the fifth valve are opened.
- the ninth valve, the tenth valve, and the thirteenth valve drive the system in a closed state, and when the boil-off gas is supplied to the compressor, close the first valve so that the boil-off gas is placed on the compressor, the fourteenth valve, the A closed loop refrigerant cycle circulating through the refrigerant heat exchanger, the refrigerant pressure reducing device, the refrigerant heat exchanger, and the twelfth valve may be formed.
- the third valve, the fourth valve, the twelfth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are closed, and the first valve and the second valve are opened to open the storage tank.
- the boil-off gas passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger may be supplied to the fuel demand via the first valve, the compressor, and the second valve.
- the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, the ninth valve, and the thirteenth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the tenth valve, and the fifth valve are opened.
- the twelve valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve are closed to operate by combining the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor.
- the third valve is closed by closing the first valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve, and having passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger after being discharged from the storage tank.
- the valve may be supplied to the fuel demand via the spare compressor, the thirteenth valve, and the second valve.
- the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve are opened, and the fourth valve, the tenth valve, the twelfth valve, and the ninth valve are opened.
- the thirteenth valve, the fourteenth valve, and the fifteenth valve may be closed to separate and operate the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor and the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor.
- the first valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the ninth valve are closed, the thirteenth valve is opened, and discharged from the storage tank to pass through the evaporative gas heat exchanger.
- the boil-off gas may be supplied to the fuel demand via the third valve, the spare compressor, the thirteenth valve, and the second valve.
- the compressor downstream line and the extra compressor downstream line may be connected so that the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor may be combined with the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor.
- the present invention can increase the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction since the evaporated gas is decompressed after the additional cooling process by the refrigerant heat exchanger.
- it is economical to re-liquefy most or all of the remaining boil-off gas without using a refrigeration cycle using a separate refrigerant.
- the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased by using the spare compressor that is already installed, it contributes to securing the space on board and further reduces the cost of installing the compressor.
- not only the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor but also the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor can be used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger, thereby increasing the flow rate of the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger. It is possible to further increase the liquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a conventional partial reliquefaction system.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a system for treating boil-off gas in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a system for treating the boil-off gas in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a graph schematically showing the phase change of methane with temperature and pressure.
- the vessel of the present invention can be applied to various applications, such as a vessel equipped with an engine using natural gas as a fuel, and a vessel including a liquefied gas storage tank.
- a vessel equipped with an engine using natural gas as a fuel and a vessel including a liquefied gas storage tank.
- the following examples may be modified in many different forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
- the system for the treatment of boil-off gas to be described later of the present invention includes all kinds of vessels and offshore structures, that is, liquefied natural gas carriers, liquefied ethane gas carriers, equipped with storage tanks capable of storing low temperature liquid cargo or liquefied gas, It can be applied to ships such as LNG RV, as well as offshore structures such as LNG FPSO, LNG FSRU.
- LNG RV liquefied natural gas carriers
- LNG FPSO liquefied ethane gas carriers
- the fluid in each line of the present invention may be in any one of a liquid state, a gas-liquid mixed state, a gas state, and a supercritical fluid state, depending on the operating conditions of the system.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a conventional partial reliquefaction system.
- the boil-off gas generated and discharged from the storage tank for storing the liquid cargo is transferred along the pipe and compressed in the boil-off gas compression unit 10.
- the storage tank (T) has a sealing and insulation barrier to store liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas in a cryogenic state, but it cannot completely block the heat transmitted from the outside, and the liquefied gas evaporates continuously in the tank.
- the internal pressure of the tank may be increased, and to prevent excessive increase in the tank pressure due to the boil-off gas, and to discharge the boil-off gas inside the storage tank to maintain an appropriate level of internal pressure, the boil-off gas compression unit 10 may be used. Supply.
- the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank and compressed in the boil-off gas compression unit 10 is called a first stream
- the first stream of compressed boil-off gas is divided into a second stream and a third stream
- the second stream is liquefied. It is configured to return to the storage tank (T), and the third stream can be configured to supply to a gas fuel consumer such as a propulsion engine or a power generation engine on board.
- the boil-off gas compression unit 10 may compress the boil-off gas to the supply pressure of the fuel consumer, and the second stream may branch through all or part of the boil-off gas compression unit as necessary.
- all of the compressed boil-off gas may be supplied to the third stream, or all of the compressed boil-off gas may be supplied to the second stream to return the compressed boil-off gas to the storage tank.
- Gas fuel consumption sources include high pressure gas injection engines (eg, ME-GI engines developed by MDT) and low pressure gas injection engines (eg, Wartsila's Generation X-Dual Fuel engine). ), DF Generator, gas turbine, DFDE and the like.
- the heat exchanger 20 is installed to liquefy the second stream of compressed boil-off gas, and the boil-off gas generated from the storage tank is used as a cold heat source of the compressed boil-off gas.
- the compressed boil-off gas, ie, the second stream, which has risen in temperature during the compression in the boil-off gas compression unit while passing through the heat exchanger 20 is cooled, and the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank and introduced into the heat exchanger 20 is heated. And is supplied to the boil-off gas compression unit 10.
- the second stream of compressed boil-off gas may be supplied with cold heat from the boil-off gas before being compressed to at least partially liquefy.
- the heat exchanger heat-exchanges the low-temperature evaporated gas immediately after being discharged from the storage tank and the high-pressure evaporated gas compressed by the evaporated gas compression unit to liquefy the high-pressure evaporated gas.
- the boil-off gas of the second stream passing through the heat exchanger 20 is further cooled while being decompressed while passing through expansion means 30 such as an expansion valve or expander, and is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 40.
- expansion means 30 such as an expansion valve or expander
- the liquefied boil-off gas is separated from the gas and the liquid component in the gas-liquid separator, and the liquid component, that is, the liquefied natural gas, is returned to the storage tank, and the gas component, that is, the boil-off gas, is discharged from the storage tank so as to exchange the heat exchanger 20 and the boil-off gas.
- the evaporation gas flow supplied to the compression unit 10 is joined to the evaporation gas flow, or supplied to the heat exchanger 20 and used as a cold heat source for heat-exchanging the high-pressure evaporation gas compressed by the evaporation gas compression unit 10. May be Of course, it may be sent to a gas combustion unit (GCU) or the like for combustion, or may be sent to a gas consumer (including a gas engine) for consumption.
- GCU gas combustion unit
- Another expansion means 50 may be further installed to further depressurize the gas separated in the gas-liquid separator before joining the boil-off gas stream.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the system of the present embodiment is characterized in that the refrigerant circulation section 300a for receiving the boil off gas generated from the low temperature liquid cargo stored in the storage tank to circulate the boil off gas to the refrigerant .
- a refrigerant supply line for supplying the boil-off gas from the storage tank to the refrigerant circulation unit 300a
- the valve supply line is provided with a valve 400a, a sufficient amount of evaporation gas to circulate the refrigerant circulation unit
- the refrigerant circulation unit 300a is operated in a closed loop (closed loop).
- a compressor 100a for compressing the boil-off gas generated from the low temperature liquid cargo of the storage tank T is provided.
- the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank is introduced into the compressor 100a along the boil-off gas supply line BLa.
- the storage tank T of the present embodiments may be made of an independent type tank in which the load of liquid cargo is not directly applied to the insulation layer, or a membrane type tank in which the load of cargo is directly applied to the insulation layer. Can be.
- independent tank type tanks it is also possible to use a pressure vessel designed to withstand pressures of 2 barg or more.
- the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor may be supplied as a fuel to a fuel demand including a propulsion engine and a power generation engine of a ship or offshore structure.
- a fuel demand including a propulsion engine and a power generation engine of a ship or offshore structure.
- the fuel consumption can consume the entire amount of boil-off gas, there may be no boil-off gas to be reliquefied.
- the gaseous fuel consumption is low or absent, such as when the ship is anchored, the entire amount of the boil-off gas may be supplied to the reliquefaction line RLa.
- the compressed boil-off gas is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a along the boil-off gas reliquefaction line RLa, and the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a is the boil-off gas reliquefaction line RLa and the boil-off gas supply line BLa. It is provided over, and heat exchanges the boil-off gas to be introduced into the compressor (100a) and the boil-off gas compressed through at least a portion of the compressor.
- the boil-off gas whose temperature is increased in the compression process is cooled by heat exchange with the low-temperature boil-off gas generated in the storage tank and introduced into the compressor 100a.
- a refrigerant heat exchanger 500a is provided downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a, and the boil-off gas heat-exchanged in the boil-off gas heat exchanger after compression is further cooled through heat exchange with the boil-off gas circulating in the refrigerant circulation unit 300a. .
- the refrigerant circulation unit 300a is configured to reduce the refrigerant compressor 310a for compressing the evaporated gas supplied from the storage tank, the cooler 320a for cooling the evaporated gas compressed by the refrigerant compressor, and reduce the evaporated gas cooled in the cooler. It further comprises a refrigerant pressure reducing device (330a) for additional cooling.
- the refrigerant decompression device 330a may be an expansion valve or an expander that adiabatically expands and cools the boil-off gas.
- the evaporated gas cooled through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 330a is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a as a refrigerant along the refrigerant circulation line CCLa, and is supplied from the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a through the evaporation gas heat exchanger 200a.
- the boil-off gas is cooled through heat exchange with the boil-off gas.
- the evaporated gas of the refrigerant circulation line CCLa passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a is circulated to the refrigerant compressor 310a to circulate through the refrigerant circulation line while undergoing the above-described compression and cooling process.
- the boil-off gas of the boil-off gas reliquefaction line RLa cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 500a is reduced in pressure through the first pressure reducing device 600a.
- the first pressure reducing device 600a may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
- the pressurized boil-off gas is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 700a downstream of the first decompression device 600a and gas-liquid separated, and the liquid separated from the gas-liquid separator 700a, that is, liquefied natural gas, is supplied to the storage tank T. Restored.
- the gas separated from the gas-liquid separator 700a ie, the boil-off gas
- It may be used as a cold heat source that joins the gas stream or is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 200a to heat-exchange the boil-off gas under high pressure compressed by the compressor 100a.
- it may be sent to a gas combustion unit (GCU) for combustion, or may be sent to a fuel demand (including a gas engine) for consumption.
- GCU gas combustion unit
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the present embodiment cools the evaporated gas to be introduced into the refrigerant reducing device 330b from the cooler 320b in the refrigerant circulation unit 300b by heat exchange with the evaporated gas decompressed in the refrigerant reducing device 330b. After supplying to the refrigerant pressure reducing device (330b) is configured.
- the evaporation gas downstream of the refrigerant decompression device is lower in temperature than the evaporation gas upstream of the refrigerant decompression device.
- the boil-off gas upstream of the refrigerant reducing device 330b may be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 500b (part A of FIG. 3). If necessary, a separate heat exchanger may be further configured to exchange heat with the boil-off gas upstream and downstream of the refrigerant pressure reducing device.
- the system of the embodiments may re-liquefy and store the evaporated gas generated from the storage tank liquid cargo, thereby increasing the transport rate of the liquid cargo.
- the gas compression unit GCU
- GCU gas combustion unit
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a system for treating boil-off gas in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 is installed downstream of the storage tank (T); A compressor 120 and a spare compressor 122 installed downstream of the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 to compress the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T; A cooler 130 for lowering the temperature of the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120; An extra cooler 132 for lowering the temperature of the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122; A first valve 191 installed upstream of the compressor 120; A second valve 192 installed downstream of the cooler 130; A third valve 193 installed upstream of the spare compressor 122; A fourth valve 194 installed downstream of the extra cooler 132; A refrigerant heat exchanger (140) for further cooling the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110); A refrigerant pressure reducing device (160) which expands the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger (140) and sends it back to the refrigerant heat exchanger (140); And a first pressure reducing
- the boil-off gas naturally generated in the storage tank T and then discharged is supplied to the fuel demand 180 along the first supply line L1.
- the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is installed in the first supply line (L1) to recover cold heat from the boil-off gas immediately after being discharged from the storage tank (T).
- the vessel of the present embodiment may further include an eleventh valve 203 installed upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 to control the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand unit 180.
- the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 receives the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T, and uses the boil-off gas to cool the boil-off gas supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3.
- a fifth valve 195 may be installed on the return line L3 to control the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas.
- the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 compress the boil-off gas passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
- the compressor 120 is installed on the first supply line L1
- the spare compressor 122 is installed on the second supply line L2.
- the second supply line L2 branches from the first supply line L1 upstream of the compressor 120 and is connected to the first supply line L1 downstream of the compressor 120.
- the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may be installed in parallel, and may be a compressor having the same performance.
- an additional compressor 122 and an extra cooler 132 are additionally installed in a ship in preparation for a failure of the compressor 120 and the cooler 130.
- the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132 are not used in the usual case in which the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is not broken.
- the third valve 193 upstream of the spare compressor 122 and the fourth valve 194 downstream of the spare cooler 132 are closed.
- the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken and the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken, the third valve upstream of the spare compressor 122 may be supplied to the boil-off gas through the compressor 120 and the cooler 130.
- the fourth valve 194 downstream of the 193 and the extra cooler 132 is opened, and the first valve 191 upstream of the compressor 120 and the second valve 192 downstream of the cooler 130 are closed to remove the boil-off gas. Is passed through the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132 to be supplied to the fuel demand (180).
- the present invention is to increase the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of re-liquefaction of the boil-off gas by using the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132, which has not been used in the prior art, by the extra compressor 122
- the compressed boil-off gas is sent to the fuel demand unit 180, and the other portion is used as a refrigerant to further cool the boil-off gas in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the methane is in a supercritical fluid state at a temperature of about ⁇ 80 ° C. or more and a pressure of about 55 bar or more. That is, in the case of methane, the critical point is about -80 °C, 55bar state.
- the supercritical fluid state is a third state different from the liquid state or the gas state.
- the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 or the extra compressor 122 may be in a gaseous state or a supercritical fluid state depending on the degree of compression.
- the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 through the return line L3 is in a gaseous state
- the boil-off gas passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the temperature is lowered to become a mixed state of liquid and gas.
- the temperature may be lowered while passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 to become a “high pressure liquid state”.
- the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 has a lower temperature while passing through the coolant heat exchanger 140.
- the boil-off gas passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is a mixed state of liquid and gas.
- the evaporated gas passes through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the temperature is lowered so that the proportion of the liquid becomes a mixed state or becomes a liquid state.
- the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 The temperature will be lower as it passes through.
- the boil-off gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is a "high-pressure liquid state"
- the boil-off gas passes through the first decompression device 150 to lower the pressure to become a liquid state or a mixed state of liquid and gas. do.
- the boil-off gas is lowered to the same degree (P in FIG. 7) by the first decompression device 150, the temperature is lower than that in the case where the temperature is lowered (X ⁇ X ′ in FIG. 7). It can be seen that when the pressure is reduced in the state (Y ⁇ Y ′ in FIG. 7), the proportion of the liquid becomes a higher mixed state. In addition, it can be seen that if the temperature can be further lowered, theoretically, 100% reliquefaction of the boil-off gas (Z ⁇ Z ′ in FIG. 7) is possible. Therefore, if the boil-off gas is further cooled by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 before passing through the first pressure reducing device 150, the re-liquefaction efficiency and the amount of re-liquefaction may be increased.
- the present embodiment compares the refrigerant cycles 300a and 300b for additionally cooling the boil-off gas in the first and second embodiments to form a closed loop.
- the difference is that it consists of a loop.
- the refrigerant circulation parts 300a and 300b are configured as closed loops, and the boil-off gas compressed by the refrigerant compressors 310a and 310b is transferred from the refrigerant heat exchangers 500a and 500b to the refrigerant. It is used only, and cannot be sent to fuel demand or undergo reliquefaction.
- the refrigerant cycle is configured as an open loop, and after the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 joins the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120, a part of the boil-off boiled gas is fueled. It is sent to the customer (180), the other part is used as the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 refrigerant along the recirculation line (L5), the other part is subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
- the recirculation line L5 is a line branching from the first supply line L1 downstream of the compressor 120 and connected to the first supply line L1 upstream of the compressor 120.
- a sixth valve 196 may be installed to control the flow rate and opening / closing of the boil-off gas.
- the present embodiment in which the refrigerant cycle is configured as an open loop is, in comparison with the first and second embodiments in which the refrigerant cycle is configured as a closed loop, in that the downstream line of the compressor 120 and the downstream line of the spare compressor 122 are connected.
- the second supply line (L2) downstream of the extra compressor 122 is connected to the first supply line (L1) downstream of the compressor 120, the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 Is combined with the compressed boil-off gas by the compressor 120 and then sent to the refrigerant heat-exchanger 140, the fuel demand 180, or the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
- This embodiment includes all other variants in which the downstream line of the compressor 120 and the downstream line of the spare compressor 122 are connected.
- the demand amount in the fuel demand unit 180 increases, such as an increase in the operating speed of the ship, it is compressed by the spare compressor 122 as well as the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120.
- the evaporated gas can also be sent to the fuel demand (180).
- the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 are designed to have a capacity of approximately 1.2 times the amount required by the fuel demand 180, so that the excess compressor 122 exceeds the capacity of the compressor 120.
- the boil-off gas compressed by is also required to be sent to the fuel demand unit 180, it hardly occurs. Rather, it is not possible to consume all of the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T in the fuel demand unit 180, and the amount of the evaporated gas to be reliquefied increases. More frequent
- the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 can be used as a refrigerant for heat exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line (L3) can be cooled to a lower temperature using more refrigerant, and the overall reliquefaction efficiency and reliquefaction Volume can be increased, and theoretically 100% reliquefaction is also possible.
- the compressor 120, the cooler 130, the spare compressor 122, and the spare cooler 132 are all operated, and the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 fails, the reliquefaction efficiency and reliquefaction are also opened. Abandoning the amount, the first valve 191 and the second valve 192 are closed to operate the system only with the boil-off gas passed through the spare compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132.
- the compressor 120 and the cooler 130 plays a main role
- the spare compressor 122 and the spare cooler 132 play a secondary role
- the compressor 120 and the spare compressor ( 122), the cooler 130 and the extra cooler 132 have the same role and are provided with two or more compressors and coolers having the same role in one ship, so that in case one fails, it can be replaced with other equipment. In that sense, it satisfies the concept of redundancy. The same applies to the following.
- the amount of the boil-off gas to be reliquefied is very small. With or without. Therefore, when the vessel is operating at high speed, only one of the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122 may be driven.
- the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180, the fuel demand 180 may be an engine, a generator, or the like driven by the fuel.
- the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may compress the boil-off gas to a pressure of approximately 10 to 100 bar.
- the compressor 120 and the extra compressor 122 may compress the boil-off gas to a pressure of approximately 150 bar to 400 bar when the fuel demand 180 is a ME-GI engine, and the fuel demand 180 is DFDE.
- the boil-off gas may be compressed to a pressure of approximately 6.5 bar, and when the fuel demand unit 180 is an X-DF engine, the boil-off gas may be compressed to a pressure of approximately 16 bar.
- the fuel demand unit 180 may include various types of engines.
- the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may include an X-DF engine. It is possible to compress the boil-off gas to the required pressure and install a decompression device upstream of the DFDE to lower the part of the boil-off boiled gas up to the pressure required by the X-DF engine to the pressure required by the DFDE before supplying it to the DFDE. .
- the pressure of the boil-off gas is reduced by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122. Compresses the boil-off gas so as to exceed the pressure required by the 180, and installs a decompression device upstream of the fuel demand 180, the pressure of the boil-off gas compressed to exceed the pressure required by the fuel demand 180, the fuel demand After the pressure is lowered to 180, the fuel may be supplied to the fuel demand 180.
- the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 may each be a multistage compressor.
- one compressor 120 or 122 is used to compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180, but when the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 are a multistage compressor, evaporation is performed.
- the gas may be compressed several times by the plurality of compression cylinders up to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180.
- a plurality of compression cylinders may be installed in series in the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122, and a plurality of coolers may be disposed downstream of the plurality of compression cylinders. Each can be installed.
- the cooler 130 of the present embodiment is installed downstream of the compressor 120 to cool the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 and rises not only in pressure but also in temperature, and the spare cooler 132 of the present embodiment has a spare compressor. (122) It is provided downstream to cool the boil-off gas which is compressed by the extra compressor 122 to raise not only the pressure but also the temperature.
- the cooler 130 and the extra cooler 132 may cool the boil-off gas through heat exchange with seawater, fresh water or air introduced from the outside.
- the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 of the present embodiment further cools the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3 after being cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant of the present embodiment.
- the pressure reducing device 160 expands the boil-off gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and sends the same to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again.
- the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 expands the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3 after passing through the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160.
- the evaporated gas is heat-exchanged with a refrigerant and further cooled.
- the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 of the present embodiment may be various means for lowering the pressure of the fluid, and the state of the fluid immediately before passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and the state of the fluid immediately after the passage are dependent on the operating conditions of the system. It may vary. However, when the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is an expander, in order to prevent physical damage of the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the fluid immediately before passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and the fluid immediately after passing are maintained in the gas phase. It is preferable to be. The same applies to the following.
- the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant for heat exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may include boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122.
- a part of the combined evaporated gas is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5 to heat exchange the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 with the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is supplied to the pressure reducing device 160.
- the boil-off gas supplied from the first supply line (L1) to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recycle line (L5) is first cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger (140) and further added by the refrigerant pressure reducing device (160). After cooling, it is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 to be used as a refrigerant.
- the flow of the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 is combined with the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and then supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5.
- the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line (L3); both are heat exchanged by using the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 as a refrigerant Is cooled.
- the first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment is installed on the return line L3 to expand the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the coolant heat exchanger 140.
- the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 joins the boil-off gas compressed by the spare compressor 122, and then partially branches, and the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger along the return line L3. 140 and the first decompression device 150 are partially or all reliquefied.
- the first pressure reducing device 150 includes all means capable of expanding and cooling the boil-off gas and may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
- the gas-liquid separator 170 is installed on the return line (L3) downstream of the first decompression device 150 and separates the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the first decompression device 150 into a gas and a liquid. It may include.
- the liquid or gaseous gas in the gas-liquid mixed state passing through the first decompression device 150 is directly sent to the storage tank (T).
- the boil-off gas passing through the first decompression device 150 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170 to separate the gas phase and the liquid phase.
- the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is returned to the storage tank T along the return line L3, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is separated from the gas-liquid separator 170 by the evaporative gas heat exchanger ( 110 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the gas discharge line L4 extending upstream of the first supply line L1.
- the vessel of the present embodiment includes a gas-liquid separator 170
- the seventh valve (197) for controlling the flow rate of the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the storage tank (T);
- an eighth valve 198 that controls the flow rate of the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
- the first to eighth valves and the eleventh valves of the present exemplary embodiment 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, and 203 may be manually adjusted by a person directly determining a system operating situation. It may be automatically adjusted to open and close by a preset value.
- the main flow of the boil-off gas is defined to easily explain the operation of the apparatus for boil-off gas reliquefaction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the evaporation gas generated in the storage tank T and the gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator 170 are supplied to the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 in the first flow 100 and the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 in the compressor ( 120 is supplied to the spare compressor 122 and then discharged from the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122 and supplied to the fuel demand 180, the second flow 102, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor ( 122) flow downstream from the second stream 102 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 from the second stream 102 downstream from the third stream 104, the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122;
- the flow branched to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is defined as the fourth flow 106 and the flow supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 from the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 as the fifth flow 108.
- the first flow 100 passes through
- the gaseous boil-off gas generated in the storage tank T storing the liquid liquefied gas is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
- the gaseous evaporated gas generated in the storage tank (T) meets the gaseous evaporated gas discharged from the gas-liquid separator 170 after a predetermined time after the system operation to form the first flow (100). do.
- the boil-off gas supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is the first flow 100.
- the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 recovers the cold heat of the first flow 100 to cool other boil-off gas. That is, the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 recovers the cold heat of the first flow 100 and is supplied back to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 in the second flow 102, that is, the fourth flow. The recovered cold heat is transferred to 106.
- boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 heat exchange occurs between the first flow 100 and the fourth flow 106, so that the first flow 100 is heated and the fourth flow 106 is cooled.
- the heated first flow 100 becomes the second flow 102 and the cooled fourth flow 106 becomes the fifth flow 108.
- the second stream 102 discharged from the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is supplied to the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122, and compressed by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122.
- the second stream 102 in which the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the boil-off gas compressed in the spare compressor 122, is combined, is part of the third flow 104 as a refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the other part is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 as a fourth flow 106 and cooled, and the other part is supplied to the fuel demand 180.
- the third flow 104 supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is discharged from the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, expanded in the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again.
- the third flow 104 which is primarily supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, is expanded by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then the third flow 104 is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again.
- the third stream 104 which has passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, joins the second stream 102 discharged from the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, thereby providing a compressor 120 or a spare. It is supplied to the compressor 122.
- the fifth flow 108 supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is cooled by heat exchange with the third flow 104 passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then expands while passing through the first pressure reducing device 150. do.
- the fifth flow 108 through the first pressure reducing device 150 is in a gas-liquid mixture, in which gas and liquid are mixed.
- the fifth stream 108 in the gas-liquid mixture is directly sent to the storage tank T or separated into gas and liquid while passing through the gas-liquid separator 170.
- the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is supplied to the storage tank T, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 to repeat the above processes.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a boil-off gas treatment system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the ship of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5 further includes a ninth valve 201, a tenth valve 202 and a first additional line L6 as compared to the ship of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
- the refrigerant cycle may be operated as a closed loop as in the first and second embodiments, and the refrigerant cycle may be operated as an open loop as in the third embodiment. Differences exist in that they will be described below. Detailed descriptions of the same members as those of the ship of the third embodiment are omitted.
- the vessel of the present embodiment like the third embodiment, has a boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, a first valve 191, a compressor 120, a cooler 130, and a second valve 192.
- the storage tank T of the present embodiment stores the liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas and liquefied ethane gas inside, and discharges the boil-off gas to the outside when the internal pressure is higher than the predetermined pressure.
- the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
- the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 of the present embodiment uses the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T as a refrigerant and goes to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3. Cool the sent boil-off gas. That is, the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 recovers the cold heat of the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and transfers the collected cold heat to the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3.
- a fifth valve 195 may be installed on the return line L3 to control the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas.
- the compressor 120 of the present embodiment is installed on the first supply line L1 to compress the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T, and the extra compressor 122 of the present embodiment , Like the third embodiment, is installed in parallel with the compressor 120 on the second supply line (L2) to compress the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank (T).
- Compressor 120 and spare compressor 122 may be a compressor of the same performance, each may be a multi-stage compressor.
- the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 of this embodiment can compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180 as in the third embodiment.
- some of the high pressures are compressed after compressing the boil-off gas in accordance with a required pressure of an engine requiring higher pressure (hereinafter, referred to as a 'high pressure engine'). It can be supplied to the engine, and the other part can be supplied to the low pressure engine after being depressurized by a pressure reducing device installed upstream of the engine requiring a lower pressure (hereinafter referred to as a 'low pressure engine').
- the boil-off gas is supplied to the fuel demand unit 180 by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122. Pressure to a pressure higher than the pressure required, and a pressure reducing device is installed upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 to lower the pressure of the boil-off gas compressed to high pressure to the pressure required by the fuel demand unit 180, and then to the fuel demand unit 180. You can also supply.
- the vessel of this embodiment further includes an eleventh valve 203 which is provided upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 and regulates the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand unit 180. Can be.
- the vessel of this embodiment uses the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 as a refrigerant for additionally cooling the evaporated gas in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the reliquefaction efficiency and reliquefaction amount Can increase.
- the cooler 130 of the present embodiment is installed downstream of the compressor 120 to cool the evaporated gas passing through the compressor 120 and the temperature as well as the pressure
- the extra cooler of the present embodiment 132, like the third embodiment, is installed downstream of the extra compressor 122 to cool the evaporated gas that has passed through the extra compressor 122 and has risen in temperature as well as pressure.
- Refrigerant heat exchanger 140 of the present embodiment is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3), and the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) Cool additionally.
- the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T is further cooled not only in the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 but also in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the temperature is lower. Since it can be supplied to the first decompression device 150, the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased.
- the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 expands the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and sends it to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 in the same manner as in the third embodiment.
- the first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment is installed on the return line L3 to supply the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. Inflate.
- the first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment includes all means capable of expanding and cooling the boil-off gas, and may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
- the vessel of the present embodiment is installed on the return line L3 downstream of the first pressure reducing device 150 and separates the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the first pressure reducing device 150 into gas and liquid.
- Gas-liquid separator 170 may be included.
- the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170
- the liquid or gaseous-mixed evaporated gas that has passed through the first decompression device 150 is directly sent to the storage tank T.
- the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170
- the boil-off gas passing through the first pressure reducing device 150 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170 to separate the gas phase and the liquid phase.
- the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is returned to the storage tank T along the return line L3, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is separated from the gas-liquid separator 170 by the evaporative gas heat exchanger ( 110 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the gas discharge line L4 extending upstream of the first supply line L1.
- the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, like the third embodiment, the seventh valve (197) for controlling the flow rate of the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the storage tank (T) ); And an eighth valve 198 that controls the flow rate of the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
- the ship of this embodiment unlike the third embodiment, the first additional line (L6) for connecting between the recirculation line (L5) and the second supply line (L2); A ninth valve 201 installed on the recirculation line L5; And a tenth valve 202 installed on the first additional line L6.
- the ship of the present embodiment unlike the third embodiment, which selectively includes the sixth valve, the recirculation line (L5) through which the boil-off gas branched from the first supply line (L1) is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger (140). And a sixth valve 196 that controls the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas.
- One side of the first additional line (L6) of the present embodiment after the expansion by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and sends the evaporated gas passed through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 to the first supply line (L1), recirculation line ( It is connected on the L5, the other side is connected on the second supply line (L2) between the third valve (193) and the spare compressor (122).
- the ninth valve 201 of the present embodiment has a point where the recirculation line L5 meets the first supply line L1 upstream of the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122, and the recirculation line L5 is first added. Between the point where it meets the line L6, it is installed on the recirculation line L5.
- the ship of the present embodiment the second compressor line (L2) downstream of the extra compressor 122 is connected to the recirculation line (L5) rather than the first supply line (L1).
- the first to eleventh valves 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, and 203 of the present embodiment may be manually adjusted by a person directly determining a system operating situation. It may be automatically adjusted to open and close by a preset value.
- a feature that is different from the third embodiment of the ship of this embodiment is that the refrigerant cycle can be operated not only in the open loop but also in the closed loop, so that the reliquefaction system can be used more flexibly according to the operating conditions of the ship.
- the method of operating the refrigerant cycle in the closed loop and the method of operating in the open loop through the valve adjustment will be described.
- the third valve 193 is closed to supply the boil-off gas to the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler.
- the fourth valve 194 the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the tenth valve 202.
- the storage tank including the storage tank of the present embodiment may further include a pipe for introducing nitrogen gas into the refrigerant cycle of the closed loop.
- the refrigerant cycle When the refrigerant cycle is operated as a closed loop, only the boil-off gas circulating in the closed loop is used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the boil-off gas passing through the compressor 120 is not introduced into the refrigerant cycle and the fuel demand ( 180 or the reliquefaction process is performed along the return line (L3). Therefore, regardless of the amount of reliquefaction and the amount of boil-off gas required by the fuel demand unit 180, the boil-off gas of a constant flow rate is circulated to the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank (T) passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) and is compressed by the compressor (120) and cooled by the cooler (130), a part is sent to the fuel demand (180), The other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3).
- the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is heat-exchanged with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and then cooled, and further cooled by heat-exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 to re-liquefy some or all of the boil-off gas.
- some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
- the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
- the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle is compressed by the extra compressor 122 and cooled by the extra cooler 132 and then sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5.
- the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, cooled, and then sent to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. Inflated and cooled by car.
- the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, and passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110, and then evaporates supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. gas; And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5. After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the spare compressor 122 again and repeats the above-described series of processes.
- the first valve 191, the second valve 192, and the tenth valve 202 may be The third valve 193 and the sixth valve 196 are opened, and the boil-off gas passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T is connected to the third valve 193 and the spare compressor.
- the fuel is supplied to the fuel demand 180 through the 122, the extra cooler 132, the fourth valve 194, and the sixth valve 196.
- the ninth valve 201 may be opened to operate the system.
- the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the third valve 193, the fourth valve 194, the sixth valve 196 and The ninth valve 201 is opened and the tenth valve 202 is closed.
- the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle and the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand 180 or undergoing reliquefaction along the return line L3 are separated.
- the refrigerant cycle is operated as an open loop, the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 are combined to be used as a refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 or to be fueled. It is sent to the customer 180, or undergoes a reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
- the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may be flexibly adjusted in consideration of the amount of reliquefaction and the amount of boil-off gas at the fuel demand 180.
- the amount of boil-off gas in the fuel demand unit 180 is small, increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may increase the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction.
- the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two streams, partly to the first supply line L1, and the other part to the second supply line L2. Is sent to.
- the boil-off gas sent to the first supply line L1 passes through the first valve 191, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, and the second valve 192, and then a part thereof passes through the sixth valve 196. It is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the other part again branches into two flows. One stream of the boil-off gas branched into two streams is sent to the fuel demand unit 180, and the other is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3).
- the boil-off gas sent to the second supply line L2 passes through the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, and the fourth valve 194, and a part thereof is a refrigerant heat exchanger 140. ), The other part is sent to the first supply line (L1) and branches into two flows. One stream of the boil-off gas branched into two streams is sent to the fuel demand unit 180, and the other stream is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3.
- the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 have been described separately, but the evaporated gas and the extra compressor 122 compressed by the compressor 120 are described.
- the compressed boil-off gas is not separately flowed, but rather joined and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the fuel demand 180, or the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
- the line L3 the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 are mixed and flow.
- the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5 is first heat exchanged and cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and is secondly expanded and cooled by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, and then again the refrigerant.
- the heat exchanger 140 is supplied. After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3.
- the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5, and then is first cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the refrigerant pressure reducing device ( It is the boil-off gas cooled by secondary by 160.
- the boil-off gas sent from the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5 cools the boil-off gas passed through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 as a refrigerant. .
- the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described series of processes are repeated.
- the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and secondly cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, followed by a first pressure reducing device ( 150) to re-liquefy some or all of it.
- the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
- the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
- the first valve 191, the second valve 192, and the ninth valve 201 are replaced. Closed, the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, the fourth valve 194 And a sixth valve 196 to be supplied to the fuel demand 180.
- the ninth valve 201 may be opened to operate the system.
- the liquefied gas stored in the storage tank (T) is liquefied natural gas
- the fuel demand 180 is an X-DF engine
- a gas-liquid separator (170) For example, the temperature and pressure of the fluid at each point are described as follows.
- the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and the boil-off gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 are combined to be supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the boil-off gas at the point A is approximately -120 ° C and 1.060 bara.
- the boil-off gas at point B after the boil-off gas of approximately -120 ° C. and 1.060 bara is heat-exchanged in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 with the boil-off gas of about 43 ° C. and 20 bara is approximately 3 ° C., 0.96 may be bara.
- the boil-off gas having a temperature of approximately 3 ° C. and 0.96 bara has joined the boil-off gas having approximately 20 ° C. and 0.96 bara passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 after passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160.
- the boil-off gas may be 0.96 bara at approximately 15 ° C.
- the boil-off gas approximately 15 ° C., 0.96 bara, is branched into two, one stream is compressed by the compressor 120 and then cooled by the cooler 130, and the other stream is compressed by the spare compressor 122 and then the extra cooler. Cooled by 132, the evaporation gas at point D, which is the flow of the flow through the compressor 120 and the cooler 130 and the flow through the spare compressor 122 and the extra cooler 132 are combined.
- the boil-off gas at point H may be approximately 43 ° C., 20 bara.
- the boil-off gas at point E after the boil-off gas of approximately 43 ° C. and 20 bara is heat-exchanged in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 with the boil-off gas of approximately ⁇ 120 ° C. and 1.060 bara may be approximately ⁇ 110 ° C. and 20 bara.
- the evaporation gas at point F may be about ⁇ 153 ° C. and 20 bara.
- the boil-off gas at point G after being expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 may be ⁇ 157 ° C. and 2.1 bara.
- the boil-off gas at point I after the boil-off gas having approximately 43 ° C. and 20 bara is first cooled by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may be about ⁇ 73 ° C. and 20 bara, and the evaporation of about ⁇ 73 ° C. and 20 bara.
- the boil-off gas at point J after the gas is secondarily cooled by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 may be approximately -154 ° C and 1.56 bara, and the boil-off gas at approximately -154 ° C and 1.56 bara is the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the evaporated gas at point K, after being used as a refrigerant in), may be approximately 20 ° C. and 0.96 bara.
- the vessel of the present embodiment operates the refrigerant cycle in an open loop
- the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 is used only as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140
- the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 is
- the spare compressor 122 and the compressor 120 are independently provided so as to be sent to the fuel demand 180 or to undergo a reliquefaction process along the return line L3 and not to be used as the refrigerant of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. It can also be operated.
- the refrigerant cycle of the open loop for independently operating the spare compressor 122 and the compressor 120 is referred to as an 'independent open loop'.
- the refrigerant cycle is operated in an independent open loop, there is an advantage in that the operation of the system is easier than in the open loop.
- the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two streams, partly to the first supply line L1, and partly to the second supply line L2. Is sent.
- the boil-off gas sent to the first supply line L1 passes through the first valve 191, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, and the second valve 192, and a part of the boil-off gas is sent to the fuel demand 180. , The other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3).
- the boil-off gas sent to the second supply line L2 passes through the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, and the fourth valve 194, and then cools the refrigerant along the recycle line L5. Sent to heat exchanger 140.
- the boil-off gas which is compressed by the extra compressor 122 and sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5, is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and cooled, and is then cooled to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. After the second expansion by the cooling to be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the return line (L3); And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5.
- the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described process is repeated.
- the boil-off gas which is compressed by the compressor 120 and then sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3, is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and then cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. After cooling by the car, the first pressure reducing device 150 is expanded to re-liquefy a part or all of the liquid.
- the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
- the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
- the first valve 191, the second valve 192, and the ninth valve 201 are damaged. 6, the first valve 196 is opened, and the boil-off gas passed through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T is connected to the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, and the extra cooler. 132, the fourth valve 194 and the sixth valve 196 are supplied to the fuel demand 180.
- the ninth valve 201 may be opened to operate the system.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a system for treating the boil-off gas in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the ship of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 has a twelfth valve 301, a thirteenth valve 302, a fourteenth valve 303, and a fifteenth valve (compared with the ship of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5). There is a difference in that 304, the second additional line L7, the third additional line L8, the fourth additional line L9, and the fifth additional line L10 are further added. Explain mainly. Detailed description of the same members as those of the ship of the fourth embodiment is omitted.
- the vessel of the present embodiment like the fourth embodiment, has a boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, a first valve 191, a compressor 120, a cooler 130, and a second valve 192.
- the storage tank T of the present embodiment stores the liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas and liquefied ethane gas inside, and discharges the boil-off gas to the outside when the internal pressure is higher than the predetermined pressure.
- the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
- the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 uses the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T as a refrigerant to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3. Cool the sent boil-off gas.
- the compressor 120 of the present embodiment is installed on the first supply line L1 to compress the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T, and the extra compressor 122 of the present embodiment , Like the fourth embodiment, is installed in parallel with the compressor 120 on the second supply line (L2) to compress the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank (T).
- Compressor 120 and spare compressor 122 may be a compressor of the same performance, each may be a multi-stage compressor.
- the compressor 120 and the spare compressor 122 of this embodiment can compress the boil-off gas to the pressure required by the fuel demand 180 as in the fourth embodiment.
- the fuel demand unit 180 includes several types of engines, after compressing the boil-off gas in accordance with the required pressure of the high pressure engine, part of the fuel supply unit 180 is supplied to the high pressure engine, and the other part is a pressure reducing device installed upstream of the low pressure engine Can be supplied to a low pressure engine.
- the fuel demand 180 is supplied to the boil-off gas by the compressor 120 or the spare compressor 122.
- a pressure reducing device is installed upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 to lower the pressure of the boil-off gas compressed to high pressure to the pressure required by the fuel demand unit 180, and then supply the fuel to the fuel unit unit 180. It may be.
- the vessel of the present embodiment further includes an eleventh valve 203 which is provided upstream of the fuel demand unit 180 and controls the flow rate and opening and closing of the boil-off gas sent to the fuel demand unit 180. Can be.
- the vessel of the present embodiment uses the evaporated gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 as a refrigerant for additionally cooling the evaporated gas in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased. Can increase.
- the cooler 130 of the present embodiment is installed downstream of the compressor 120 to cool the evaporated gas that has passed through the compressor 120 and has risen in pressure as well as in temperature.
- 132 is installed downstream of the extra compressor 122 to cool the evaporated gas that has passed through the extra compressor 122 and has risen in temperature as well as pressure.
- Refrigerant heat exchanger 140 of the present embodiment is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3), and the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) Cool additionally.
- the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank T is further cooled not only in the evaporation gas heat exchanger 110 but also in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, so that the temperature is lowered. Since it can be supplied to the first decompression device 150, the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction are increased.
- the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 expands the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 and sends it to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 in the same manner as the fourth embodiment.
- the first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment is installed on the return line L3 to supply the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. Inflate.
- the first pressure reducing device 150 of the present embodiment includes all means capable of expanding and cooling the boil-off gas, and may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve or an expander.
- the vessel of this embodiment is installed on the return line L3 downstream of the first pressure reducing device 150 and separates the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the first pressure reducing device 150 into gas and liquid.
- Gas-liquid separator 170 may be included.
- the vessel of the present embodiment when the vessel of the present embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, the liquid or gaseous-mixed evaporated gas that has passed through the first pressure reducing device 150 is directly sent to the storage tank T.
- the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, the boil-off gas passing through the first pressure reducing device 150 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170 to separate the gas phase and the liquid phase.
- the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is returned to the storage tank T along the return line L3, and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is separated from the gas-liquid separator 170 by the evaporative gas heat exchanger ( 110 is supplied to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the gas discharge line L4 extending upstream of the first supply line L1.
- the vessel of the present embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170, like the fourth embodiment, the seventh valve (197) for controlling the flow rate of the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the storage tank (T) ); And an eighth valve 198 that controls the flow rate of the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
- the vessel of the present embodiment like the fourth embodiment, has a first additional line connecting the sixth valve 196, the recirculation line L5 and the second supply line L2 installed on the recirculation line L5. (L6); A ninth valve 201 installed on the recirculation line L5; And a tenth valve 202 installed on the first additional line L6.
- first additional line L6 of the present embodiment similar to the fourth embodiment, one side of the first additional line L6 expands by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and passes the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 in the first supply line ( It is connected to the recirculation line L5, which is sent to L1, and the other side is connected to the second supply line L2 between the third valve 193 and the spare compressor 122.
- the second supply line L2 downstream of the redundant compressor 122 is connected to the first supply line L1 and the upstream of the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- Recirculation line (L5) is connected to the second supply line (L2).
- the ship of the present embodiment has a first additional line L6 upstream of the tenth valve 202 and a first supply line between the first valve 191 and the compressor 120.
- Third additional line connecting the second supply line L2 between the extra cooler 132 and the fourth valve 194 and the first supply line L1 between the cooler 130 and the second valve 192.
- a fourth additional line L9 connecting the first supply line L1 between the cooler 130 and the second valve 192 and the recirculation line L5 downstream of the sixth valve 196;
- a fifth additional line L10 connecting the second supply line L2 between the extra cooler 132 and the fourth valve 194 and downstream of the fifth valve 195 of the return line L3.
- the ship of this embodiment includes a fifth valve 195 installed on the return line L3; A twelfth valve 301 installed on the second additional line L7, a thirteenth valve 302 installed on the third additional line L8, and a fourteenth valve installed on the fourth additional line L9. 303, and a fifteenth valve 304 installed on the fifth additional line L10.
- the first to fifteenth valves 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 301, 302, 303, and 304 of the present embodiment directly determine a system operation situation. It may be adjusted manually or may be automatically adjusted to open and close by a preset value.
- the refrigerant cycle of the ship of this embodiment can be operated as a closed loop, an open loop or an independent open loop.
- the refrigerant cycle is closed loop, open loop or independent open loop. It explains how to operate.
- the tenth valve 202 are opened, the fourth valve 194, the ninth valve 201, the twelfth valve 301, the thirteenth valve 302, the fourteenth valve 303, and the fifteenth valve. 304 drives the system in the closed state.
- the third valve 193 is closed to supply the boil-off gas to the extra compressor 122 and the extra cooler.
- the sixth valve 196, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the tenth valve 202 To form.
- the nitrogen gas may be used as the refrigerant circulating in the closed loop, and may further include a pipe for introducing the nitrogen gas into the refrigerant cycle of the closed loop.
- the evaporated gas discharged from the storage tank (T) passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) and is compressed by the compressor (120) and cooled by the cooler (130), a part is sent to the fuel demand (180), The other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line (L3).
- the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is heat-exchanged with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and then cooled, and further cooled by heat-exchange in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 to re-liquefy some or all of the boil-off gas.
- some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
- the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
- the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle is compressed by the extra compressor 122 and cooled by the extra cooler 132 and then sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5.
- the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, cooled, and then sent to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160. Inflated and cooled by car.
- the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, and passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110, and then evaporates supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. gas; And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the recirculation line L5. After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the spare compressor 122 again and repeats the above-described series of processes.
- the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the fifth valve 195, The sixth valve 196 and the tenth valve 202 are closed, and the third valve 193 and the fourth valve 194 are opened to discharge the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T.
- the boil-off gas passed through the third valve 193, the spare compressor 122, the extra cooler 132, and the fourth valve 194 are supplied to the fuel demand 180.
- the fifteenth valve 304 is opened to evaporate. Part of the gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
- the sixth valve 196 and the ninth valve 201 may be opened, or sixth valve 196 and tenth valve 202 may be opened to operate the system.
- the vessel of this embodiment uses the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 as a refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 while the refrigerant cycle is operated as a closed loop, and uses the evaporated gas compressed by the spare compressor 122. It may be supplied to the fuel demand 180 or to undergo a reliquefaction process (hereinafter referred to as a 'second closed loop').
- the compressor 120 and the cooler 130, the spare compressor 122 and the spare cooler 132 are merely described separately for convenience of description and play the same role, and play the same role in one ship. Redundancy concept is satisfied in that more than two compressors and coolers are provided. Therefore, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, the spare compressor 122, and the spare cooler 132 may be operated in different roles.
- valve 302 drives the system in the closed state.
- the first valve 191 When the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor 120 after being discharged from the storage tank T is supplied to the recirculation line L5, the first valve 191 is closed so that the boil-off gas is compressed by the compressor 120 and the cooler 130.
- a closed loop refrigerant cycle is circulated through the fourteenth valve 303, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and the twelfth valve 301.
- the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, passes through the third valve 193, is compressed by the spare compressor 122, and is cooled by the spare cooler 132. After that, a part is sent to the fuel demand 180 through the fourth valve 194 and the other part is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 through the fifteenth valve 304. .
- the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 is cooled by heat exchange with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T, and then further cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the boil-off gas cooled by the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is expanded by the first pressure reducing device 150 to re-liquefy some or all of the boil-off gas.
- some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
- the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
- the boil-off gas circulating through the refrigerant cycle is compressed by the compressor 120 and cooled by the cooler 130 and then passed through the fourteenth valve 303 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the evaporated gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, cooled, and then sent to the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 to expand secondly. And cooled.
- the evaporated gas passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, and passes through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110, and then evaporates supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3.
- the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 flows along the recycle line L5 and branches to the first additional line L6, and then again to the second additional line. It branches to L7 and is sent to the 1st supply line L1 through 12th valve 301.
- the boil-off gas sent to the first supply line L1 is sent to the compressor 120 again and repeats the above-described series of processes.
- the spare compressor 122 or the spare cooler 132 fails while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated as the second closed loop, the third valve 193, the fourth valve 194, and the twelfth valve
- the 301, the 14th valve 303, and the 15th valve 304 are closed, the first valve 191 and the second valve 192 are opened, and after being discharged from the storage tank T, the evaporative gas heat exchanger.
- the boil-off gas passing through the 110 is supplied to the fuel demand 180 through the first valve 191, the compressor 120, the cooler 130, and the second valve 192.
- the spare compressor 122 or the spare cooler 132 is broken while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operating in the second closed loop, it is necessary to re-liquefy a part of the boil-off gas.
- a part of the boil-off gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
- the ninth valve 201 and the fourteenth valve ( 303 may be opened, or the twelfth valve 301 and the fourteenth valve 303 may be opened to operate the system.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 can be flexibly adjusted in consideration of the amount of reliquefaction and the amount of boil-off gas required by the fuel demand 180.
- the amount of boil-off gas in the fuel demand unit 180 is small, increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 may increase the reliquefaction efficiency and the amount of reliquefaction. That is, when the refrigerant cycle is operated in an open loop, the evaporation gas having a flow rate exceeding the capacity of the redundant compressor 122 may be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two streams, some of which are passed through the first valve 191 to the compressor 120, and some of It is sent to the spare compressor 122 via the three valve (193).
- the boil-off gas sent to the compressor 120 is compressed by the compressor 120 and cooled by the cooler 130, and then some passes through the thirteenth valve 302 and the sixth valve 196 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. ), The other part is passed through the second valve 192 to the fuel demand 180, the other part is passed to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 through the fifth valve (195).
- the boil-off gas sent to the spare compressor 122 is compressed by the spare compressor 122 and cooled by the spare cooler 132, and then a part of the boil-off gas is sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the sixth valve 196.
- the remaining part branches into two after passing the thirteenth valve 302.
- one of the two branched flows is supplied to the fuel demand 180 through the second valve 192 and the remaining flows. Is sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110) via the fifth valve (195).
- the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 and the evaporated gas separated by the extra compressor 122 are separated and described, but the evaporated gas compressed by the compressor 120 is described. And the boil-off gas separated by the extra compressor 122 are combined to be sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, the fuel demand 180, and the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110.
- the boil-off gas sent to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the sixth valve 196 is first heat-exchanged and cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, and is secondly expanded and cooled by the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 and then again. It is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger (140). After passing through the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160, the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then is supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line L3. Boil off gas; And a boil-off gas supplied from the compressor 120 or the extra compressor 122 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 after passing through the sixth valve 196.
- the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described series of processes are repeated.
- the boil-off gas sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3 is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and secondly cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140, followed by a first pressure reducing device ( 150) to re-liquefy some or all of it.
- the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
- the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
- the first valve 191, the fifth valve 195, the sixth valve 196, And a third valve 193, a spare compressor 122, and a spare cooler 132 by closing the ninth valve 201 and passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T. ), The thirteenth valve 302, and the second valve 192 to be supplied to the fuel demand 180.
- the fifth valve 195 is opened. Part of the boil-off gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
- the ninth valve 201 and the fourteenth valve 303 may be opened, or the tenth valve 202 and the fourteenth valve 303 may be opened to operate the system.
- the first valve 191, the second valve 192, the third valve 193, the fifth valve 195, the sixth valve 196 And the ninth valve 201 are opened, and the fourth valve 194, the tenth valve 202, the twelfth valve 301, the thirteenth valve 302, the fourteenth valve 303, and the fifteenth valve ( 304) close.
- the fourth valve 194 the tenth valve 202, the twelfth valve 301, the thirteenth valve 302, the fourteenth valve 303, and the fifteenth valve ( 304) close.
- the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T passes through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 and then branches into two flows, part of which is passed through the first valve 191 to the compressor 120, and the other part of the boil-off gas. It is sent to the spare compressor 122 via the three valve (193).
- the boil-off gas sent to the compressor 120 is compressed by the compressor 120 and cooled by the cooler 130, and then some are passed through the second valve 192 to the fuel demand 180, and others are
- the fifth valve 195 is passed to the boil-off gas heat exchanger (110).
- the boil-off gas sent to the spare compressor 122 is compressed by the spare compressor 122 and cooled by the spare cooler 132, and then passed to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 through the sixth valve 196.
- the boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and then passed through the sixth valve 196 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is first heat-exchanged by the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 to be cooled, and the refrigerant pressure reducing device 160 is provided. After the second expansion by the cooling to be supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 again, passing through the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, the evaporated gas supplied to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 along the return line (L3); And a boil-off gas compressed by the extra compressor 122 and then passed through the sixth valve 196 to the refrigerant heat exchanger 140.
- the boil-off gas used as the refrigerant in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140 is sent to the first supply line L1 through the ninth valve 201 and discharged from the storage tank T. After the evaporated gas heat exchanger 110 is joined with the evaporated gas, the above-described process is repeated.
- the boil-off gas which is compressed by the compressor 120 and then sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110 along the return line L3, is first cooled in the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and then cooled in the refrigerant heat exchanger 140. After cooling by the car, the first pressure reducing device 150 is expanded to re-liquefy a part or all of the liquid.
- the vessel of this embodiment does not include the gas-liquid separator 170, some or all of the re-liquefied boil-off gas is sent directly to the storage tank (T), when the vessel of this embodiment includes the gas-liquid separator 170 Partially or wholly reliquefied boil-off gas is sent to the gas-liquid separator 170.
- the gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is combined with the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank T and sent to the boil-off gas heat exchanger 110, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 170 is stored in the storage tank ( Sent to T).
- the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 When the compressor 120 or the cooler 130 is broken while the refrigerant cycle of the ship of the present embodiment is operated in an independent open loop, the first valve 191, the fifth valve 195, and the sixth valve 196 are broken down. And the ninth valve 201, the thirteenth valve 302, the evaporated gas passing through the evaporative gas heat exchanger 110 after being discharged from the storage tank T, the third valve 193, The spare compressor 122, the spare cooler 132, the thirteenth valve 302, and the second valve 192 are supplied to the fuel demand 180.
- the fifth valve 195 is opened if it is necessary to reliquefy a part of the boil-off gas. , Part of the boil-off gas may be subjected to the reliquefaction process along the return line (L3).
- the sixth valve 196 and the ninth valve 201 may be opened, or sixth valve 196 and tenth valve 202 may be opened to operate the system.
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Abstract
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- 액화가스를 저장하는 저장탱크를 포함하는 선박에 있어서,상기 저장탱크 하류에 설치되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스를 냉매로 하여 압축된 증발가스(이하, ‘제1 유체’라고 한다.)를 열교환시켜 냉각시키는 증발가스 열교환기;상기 증발가스 열교환기 하류에 설치되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스의 일부를 압축시키는 압축기;상기 증발가스 열교환기 하류에 상기 압축기와 병렬로 설치되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스의 다른 일부를 압축시키는 여분압축기;상기 증발가스 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 제1 유체를 추가적으로 냉각시키는 냉매열교환기;상기 냉매열교환기로 보내져(이하, 냉매열교환기로 보내지는 유체를 ‘제2 유체’라고 한다.), 상기 냉매열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 제2 유체를, 팽창시킨 후 다시 상기 냉매열교환기로 보내는 냉매감압장치; 및상기 증발가스 열교환기 및 상기 냉매열교환기에 의해 냉각된 상기 제1 유체를 팽창시키는 제1 감압장치;를 포함하고,상기 냉매열교환기는, 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 증발가스를 냉매로 하여, 상기 제1 유체와 상기 제2 유체를 둘 다 열교환시켜 냉각시키며,상기 제1 유체는, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스; 및 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류된 흐름; 중 어느 하나이고,상기 제2 유체는, 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스; 및 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류된 흐름; 중 어느 하나인, 선박.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 증발가스 열교환기, 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 제1 감압장치를 통과하며 일부 재액화된 액화가스와, 기체상태로 남아있는 증발가스를 분리하는 기액분리기를 더 포함하고,상기 기액분리기에 의해 분리된 액화가스는 상기 저장탱크로 보내지고,상기 기액분리기에 의해 분리된 증발가스는 상기 증발가스 열교환기로 보내지는, 선박.
- 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 제1 유체는 연료수요처 상류에서 두 흐름으로 분기하여,일부는 상기 증발가스 열교환기, 상기 냉매열교환기, 및 상기 제1 감압장치를 순차적으로 통과하며 일부 또는 전부가 재액화되고,다른 일부는 상기 연료수요처로 보내지는, 선박.
- 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축되어 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 후, 상기 냉매열교환기의 냉매로 사용된 상기 제2 유체는, 다시 상기 여분압축기로 보내져, 상기 여분압축기, 상기 냉매열교환기, 상기 냉매감압장치, 다시 상기 냉매열교환기를 연결하는 폐루프의 냉매사이클을 형성하는, 선박.
- 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축되어 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 후, 상기 냉매열교환기의 냉매로 사용된 상기 제2 유체는, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스와 합류되는, 선박.
- 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 제1 유체와 상기 제2 유체를 연통시키는 라인 상에 설치되는 밸브를 더 포함하고,상기 밸브는, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 합류 또는 분리시키도록 개폐되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 선박.
- 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 냉매감압장치는 팽창기이고, 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과하기 직전의 유체 및 통과한 직후의 유체는 기체상인, 선박.
- 액화가스를 저장하는 저장탱크를 포함하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템에 있어서,상기 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스의 일부를 압축기에 의해 압축시킨 후 연료수요처로 보내는 제1 공급라인;상기 제1 공급라인으로부터 분기되어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스의 다른 일부를 여분압축기에 의해 압축시키는 제2 공급라인;상기 제1 공급라인으로부터 분기되어, 압축된 증발가스를 증발가스 열교환기, 냉매열교환기, 및 제1 감압장치를 통과시켜 재액화시키는 복귀라인;상기 냉매열교환기 및 냉매감압장치를 통과하며 냉각된 증발가스를 다시 상기 냉매열교환기로 보내 냉매로 사용하도록 한 후, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스와 합류시키는 재순환라인;상기 냉매감압장치 및 상기 냉매열교환기 하류의 재순환라인과, 상기 여분압축기 상류의 제2 공급라인 사이를 연결하는 제1 추가라인;상기 제1 추가라인과, 상기 압축기 상류의 제1 공급라인을 연결하는 제2 추가라인;상기 압축기 하류의 제1 공급라인과, 상기 여분압축기 하류의 상기 제2 공급라인을 연결하는 제3 추가라인;상기 압축기 하류의 제1 공급라인과, 상기 냉매열교환기 및 상기 냉매감압장치 상류의 재순환라인을 연결하는 제4 추가라인; 및상기 여분압축기 하류의 제2 공급라인과, 상기 증발가스 열교환기 상류의 복귀라인을 연결하는 제5 추가라인;을 포함하고,상기 증발가스 열교환기는, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스를 냉매로 하여, 상기 복귀라인을 따라 공급되는 증발가스를 열교환시켜 냉각시키고,상기 냉매열교환기는, 상기 냉매감압장치를 통과한 증발가스를 냉매로 하여, 상기 재순환라인을 따라 공급되는 증발가스; 및 상기 복귀라인을 따라 공급되는 증발가스;를 둘 다 열교환시켜 냉각시키는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 압축기 상류의 상기 제1 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제1 밸브;상기 압축기 하류의 상기 제1 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제2 밸브;상기 여분압축기 상류의 상기 제2 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제3 밸브;상기 여분압축기 하류의 상기 제2 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제4 밸브;상기 증발가스 열교환기 상류의 상기 복귀라인 상에 설치되는 제5 밸브;상기 냉매감압장치 및 상기 냉매열교환기 상류의 상기 재순환라인에 설치되는 제6 밸브;상기 냉매감압장치 및 상기 냉매열교환기 하류의 상기 재순환라인에 설치되는 제9 밸브;상기 제1 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제10 밸브;상기 제2 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제12 밸브;상기 제3 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제13 밸브;상기 제4 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제14 밸브; 및상기 제5 추가라인 상에 설치되는 제15 밸브;를 더 포함하는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 청구항 9에 있어서,상기 연료수요처 상류 및 상기 제2 공급라인 하류의 상기 제1 공급라인 상에 설치되는 제11 밸브를 더 포함하는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 청구항 9 또는 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제10 밸브는 열고, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제9 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제13 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫은 상태에서 시스템을 구동시키고,증발가스가 상기 여분압축기로 공급되면 상기 제3 밸브를 닫아, 증발가스가 상기 여분압축기, 상기 제6 밸브, 상기 냉매열교환기, 상기 냉매감압장치, 다시 상기 냉매열교환기, 및 상기 제10 밸브를 순환하는, 폐루프의 냉매 사이클을 형성시키는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 청구항 11에 있어서,상기 압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제10 밸브는 닫고, 상기 제3 밸브 및 상기 제4 밸브는 열어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 여분압축기, 및 상기 제4 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 청구항 9 또는 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 열고, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 상기 제9 밸브, 상기 제10 밸브, 및 상기 제13 밸브는 닫은 상태에서 시스템을 구동시키고,증발가스가 상기 압축기로 공급되면, 상기 제1 밸브를 닫아, 증발가스가 상기 압축기, 상기 제14 밸브, 상기 냉매열교환기, 상기 냉매감압장치, 다시 상기 냉매열교환기, 및 상기 제12 밸브를 순환하는, 폐루프의 냉매 사이클을 형성시키는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,상기 여분압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫고, 상기 제1 밸브 및 상기 제2 밸브는 열어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 압축기, 및 상기 제2 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 청구항 9 또는 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 상기 제9 밸브, 및 상기 제13 밸브는 열고, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제10 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫아,상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 합류되어 운용되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 청구항 15에 있어서,상기 압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제9 밸브를 닫아, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 여분압축기, 상기 제13 밸브, 및 상기 제2 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 청구항 9 또는 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제2 밸브, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제9 밸브는 열고, 상기 제4 밸브, 상기 제10 밸브, 상기 제12 밸브, 상기 제13 밸브, 상기 제14 밸브, 및 상기 제15 밸브는 닫아,상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스가 분리되어 운용되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 청구항 17에 있어서,상기 압축기가 고장난 경우, 상기 제1 밸브, 상기 제5 밸브, 상기 제6 밸브, 및 상기 제9 밸브를 닫고, 상기 제13 밸브를 열어, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 후 상기 증발가스 열교환기를 통과한 증발가스가, 상기 제3 밸브, 상기 여분압축기, 상기 제13 밸브, 및 상기 제2 밸브를 거쳐 연료수요처로 공급되는, 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 액화가스 저장탱크로부터 배출되는 증발가스를 둘로 분기시켜, 상기 분기된 두 흐름의 증발가스를 압축기 또는 여분압축기에 의해 압축시키고,상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스 및 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스 중 적어도 하나 이상을, 연료수요처로 보내거나, 재액화시켜 상기 저장탱크로 복귀시키거나(이하, ‘복귀 증발가스’라고 한다.), 재순환시키고(이하, ‘재순환 증발가스’라고 한다.),상기 복귀 증발가스는, 상기 저장탱크로부터 배출된 증발가스와 열교환되어 냉각된 후, 상기 재순환 증발가스와 열교환되어 추가적으로 냉각되고,상기 재순환 증발가스는, 냉각 및 팽창된 후 상기 복귀 증발가스와 열교환되는, 방법.
- 청구항 19에 있어서,상기 압축기 하류 라인과 상기 여분압축기 하류 라인이 연결되어, 상기 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스는, 상기 여분압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스와 합류되는, 방법.
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US10399655B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2019-09-03 | Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. | Ship |
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