WO2016181803A1 - 濾過装置 - Google Patents
濾過装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016181803A1 WO2016181803A1 PCT/JP2016/062874 JP2016062874W WO2016181803A1 WO 2016181803 A1 WO2016181803 A1 WO 2016181803A1 JP 2016062874 W JP2016062874 W JP 2016062874W WO 2016181803 A1 WO2016181803 A1 WO 2016181803A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- filtration
- fiber membrane
- average
- fiber membranes
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
- B01D63/043—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies with separate tube sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/36—Polytetrafluoroethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/02—Specific tightening or locking mechanisms
- B01D2313/025—Specific membrane holders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/18—Use of gases
- B01D2321/185—Aeration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
Definitions
- the hollow fiber membrane is preferably composed mainly of polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the hollow fiber membrane has polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component, the hollow fiber membrane has sufficient mechanical strength to withstand peristalsis, and the cleaning efficiency by bubbles can be further improved.
- the filtration tank W that stores a liquid to be treated and a filtration device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention that is disposed in the filtration tank W.
- the vertical direction is the Z direction
- the horizontal direction is the X direction
- the depth direction on the paper is the Y direction.
- the material of the filtration tank W for example, resin, metal, concrete, or the like can be used.
- the existence region of the hollow fiber membrane 6 in the alignment direction (Z direction) and the vertical direction (XY direction) in the upper holding member 7 (and the lower holding member 8) of each filtration module 2 A 0 includes a plurality of densely arranged regions A 1 arranged in a row in the longitudinal direction of the upper holding member 7 (the Y direction in the upper and lower directions in the figure) and spaced from each other.
- the “existing region” means a virtual convex polygon including all the hollow fiber membranes (a polygon having all inner angles of less than 180 °) having the smallest area.
- the lower limit of the arrangement pitch P of the filtration module 2 is preferably 1.1 times the horizontal average width W of the lower holding member 8 and more preferably 1.2 times.
- the upper limit of the arrangement pitch P of the filtration modules 2 is preferably 5 times the average width W of the lower holding member 8 and more preferably 2 times.
- the arrangement pitch P of the filtration module 2 is less than the lower limit, the amount of bubbles B that can be supplied to the hollow fiber membrane 6 from between the lower holding members 8 may be insufficient.
- the arrangement pitch P of the filtration module 2 exceeds the upper limit, the filtration device 1 may be unnecessarily enlarged.
- the bubbles B can easily enter the dense bundle of the hollow fiber membrane 6, and the hollow fiber membrane 6 can be oscillated to promote the cleaning effect by vibration thereof. Can do.
- the cleaning module 4 is disposed below the plurality of filtration modules 2.
- the cleaning module 4 is disposed between the filtration modules 2 in a plan view and has a plurality of air supply pipes 9 for supplying air.
- the plurality of supply pipes 9, is formed with a plurality of bubble discharging port 9a for discharging bubbles at a position corresponding to the dense arrangement area A 1 in the longitudinal direction of the lower retaining member 8 in a plan view (Y-direction) .
- the bubble discharging port 9a as shown in FIG. 3, and is open between the dense arrangement area A 1 of the filtration module 2 adjacent in the X direction in a plan view.
- thermoplastic resin examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, cellulose acetate, and polyacrylonitrile.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PTFE which is excellent in mechanical strength, chemical resistance, heat resistance, weather resistance, nonflammability and the like and is porous is preferable, and uniaxially or biaxially stretched PTFE is more preferable.
- other polymers, additives, such as a lubricant, etc. may be suitably mix
- the lower limit of the ratio of the average pitch of the arrangement in the short direction (X direction) to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 6 is preferably 1.
- the upper limit of the ratio of the average pitch in the short side direction to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 6 is preferably 3/2, and more preferably 7/5.
- the ratio of the average pitch of the arrangement in the short direction to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 6 is less than the lower limit, the hollow fiber membrane 6 is disposed in a state of being crushed in the radial direction, so that filtration is performed.
- the module 2 may be difficult to manufacture.
- the ratio of the average pitch of the short direction array to the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 6 exceeds the upper limit, the density of the hollow fiber membrane 6 in the short direction is reduced, so that sufficient filtration efficiency is achieved. May not be obtained.
- the lower limit of the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 6 is preferably 1 mm, more preferably 1.5 mm, and even more preferably 2 mm.
- the upper limit of the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 6 is preferably 6 mm, more preferably 5 mm, and even more preferably 4 mm.
- the mechanical strength of the hollow fiber membrane 6 may be insufficient.
- the average outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 6 exceeds the above upper limit, the hollow fiber membrane 6 becomes insufficient in flexibility and vibration and peristalsis of the hollow fiber membrane 6 due to the contact with the bubbles B become insufficient.
- the gap between the yarn membranes 6 may be widened to guide the bubbles B to the center of the dense bundle of the hollow fiber membranes 6, and the ratio of the surface area to the cross-sectional area of the hollow fiber membranes 6 is reduced, resulting in a reduction in filtration efficiency. There is a risk.
- the upper limit of the ratio of the average width in plan view of the upper holding member 7 to the average width of the region A 0 where the hollow fiber membrane 6 exists is preferably 1.3, and more preferably 1.2.
- the lower holding member 8 holds the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane 6.
- the lower holding member 8 may form an internal space in the same manner as the upper holding member 7, and may hold the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane 6 in such a manner as to close the opening of the hollow fiber membrane 6.
- the average width in the X direction in plan view of the lower holding member 8 can be the same as that of the upper holding member 7.
- the filtration device 1 Since the filtration device 1 has a space between the dense bundles of the hollow fiber membranes 6 and the dense bundles of the hollow fiber membranes 6 can freely vibrate, the vibration on the surface of the hollow fiber membranes is shaken off.
- the bubbles B supplied from the cleaning module 4 can be guided into the dense bundle of the hollow fiber membrane 6 to promote the scrubbing effect by the bubbles B. Therefore, the said filtration apparatus 1 is excellent in the cleaning efficiency of the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 6, and can maintain high filtration efficiency.
- the filtration modules may not be arranged in parallel, and the intervals between the filtration modules may be non-uniform.
- the cleaning module may supply bubbles from a position that does not correspond to the densely arranged region.
- the cleaning module may be one in which bubble discharge ports are formed in the air supply pipe at a constant pitch irrespective of the densely arranged region.
- the cleaning module may supply bubbles from a bubble discharge port that opens directly below the densely arranged region.
- cleaning module should just be able to supply a bubble from the lower part of a filtration module, for example, the jet type diffuser which injects a bubble from a diffuser, a sparger, etc., the bubbling which mixes and injects a bubble into a water flow
- a jet nozzle or the like may be used.
- the filtration device may include a plurality of cleaning modules.
- the cleaning module accumulates air supplied from the air supply pipe and air supplied from the air supply pipe, and generates a plurality of intermittent bubbles that release the air accumulated in a certain amount at a time. May also be included.
- the intermittent bubble generator for example, an air discharge mechanism used for an intermittent air pumping cylinder described in JP-A-58-70895 can be used. Such a plurality of intermittent bubble generators may be arranged at positions corresponding to the densely arranged regions in the longitudinal direction of the lower holding member in plan view. Coarse bubbles discharged from the intermittent bubble generator serve as a comb that dissolves a dense bundle of hollow fiber membranes so as to move the slack of the hollow fiber membranes upward. Accordingly, the coarse bubbles discharged from the intermittent bubble generator can efficiently scrape the surface of the hollow fiber membrane, and can vibrate the hollow fiber membranes of the dense bundle at the same time. Deposits such as sludge can be removed efficiently.
- the filtration device has an external pressure type that allows the liquid to be treated to pass through the inner peripheral surface side of the hollow fiber membrane with a high pressure on the outer peripheral surface side of the hollow fiber membrane.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
中空糸膜表面洗浄用の気泡は、中空糸膜表面を清浄に保つため連続的に供給されることが一般的である。そのため、気泡による中空糸膜表面の洗浄効率が低下すると、洗浄用気泡の供給に必要なエネルギーが増大し、濾過コストの増大を招来するおそれがある。この濾過コスト低減策として、複数の濾過モジュールを縦に連設する手段があるが、中空糸膜の保持部材(濾過モジュールの連接部)において気泡が拡散し、上部の中空糸膜表面に気泡が接触せず、結果として洗浄効率が低くなるおそれがある。
本発明の濾過装置は、中空糸膜表面の洗浄効率に優れる。
本発明の一態様に係る濾過装置は、一方向に引き揃えられる複数本の中空糸膜及びこれらの複数本の中空糸膜の両端部を固定する一対の保持部材を有する1又は複数の濾過モジュールと、この濾過モジュールの下方から気泡を供給する1又は複数の洗浄モジュールとを備える濾過装置であって、上記濾過モジュールが、棒状の保持部材に複数本の中空糸膜がカーテン状に列設された構造を有し、上記保持部材が、長手方向に上記複数本の中空糸膜が稠密に配設される複数の領域を間隔を開けて有している。
以下、本発明に係る濾過装置1の実施形態について図面を参照しつつ詳説する。
濾過槽Wは、当該濾過装置1が浸漬されるよう、被処理液を貯留する。
当該濾過装置1は、複数の濾過モジュール2と、この複数の濾過モジュール2を保持するフレーム3と、濾過モジュール2の下方から気泡Bを供給する1の洗浄モジュール4と、複数の濾過モジュール2によって被処理液を濾過した処理済液を濾過モジュール2から排出する排出機構5とを備える。
濾過モジュール2は、図1及び図2に示すように、上下(Z方向)に引き揃えられる複数本の中空糸膜6と、これらの複数本の中空糸膜6の上端を固定する上側保持部材7と、この上側保持部材7と対をなし、上記複数本の中空糸膜6の下端を固定する下側保持部材8とをそれぞれ有する。
洗浄モジュール4は、図1及び図2に示すように、複数の濾過モジュール2の下方に配設される。洗浄モジュール4は、平面視で濾過モジュール2の間に配置され、空気を供給する複数の給気管9を有する。この複数の給気管9は、平面視で下側保持部材8の長手方向(Y方向)の稠密配設領域A1に対応する位置に気泡を吐出する複数の気泡吐出口9aが形成されている。より具体的には、気泡吐出口9aは、図3に示すように、平面視でX方向に隣接する濾過モジュール2の稠密配設領域A1の間に開口している。このように気泡吐出口9aを配置することにより、気泡が下側保持部材8の隙間を通過し、効率よく中空糸膜6に当接するので、中空糸膜6の洗浄効果を促進することができる。なお、この気泡吐出口9aの径としては、例えば1mm以上10mm以下とすることができる。
排出機構5は、複数の濾過モジュール2の排水ノズル7aに接続され、中空糸膜6によって被処理液を濾過した処理済液を集める集水配管11と、この集水配管11から処理済液を吸引する吸引ポンプ12とを備える。
上記濾過モジュール2の中空糸膜6は、液を透過させる一方、被処理液に含まれる不純物の透過を阻止する多孔性の膜を管状に成形したものである。
上側保持部材7は、保持する中空糸膜6の内腔と連通する内部空間を形成し、この内部空間から中空糸膜6によって濾過された処理済水を排出する排水ノズル7aを有する。
下側保持部材8は、中空糸膜6の下端を保持する。下側保持部材8は、上記上側保持部材7と同様に内部空間を形成してもよく、中空糸膜6の開口を閉塞するような方法で中空糸膜6の下端を保持してもよい。また、下側保持部材8の平面視でのX方向の平均幅としては、上記上側保持部材7と同様とすることができる。
フレーム3は、上述のように、複数の濾過モジュール2の上側保持部材7及び下側保持部材8を保持することにより、複数の濾過モジュール2を濾過槽Wに貯留される被処理液中に浸漬状態に配設する。
当該濾過装置1は、中空糸膜6の稠密束の間に空間を有し、中空糸膜6の稠密束が自由に振動することができるので、この振動によって中空糸膜表面の付着物を振り落とすことができると共に、洗浄モジュール4から供給される気泡Bを中空糸膜6の稠密束の内部に誘導して気泡Bによるスクラビング効果を促進することができる。従って、当該濾過装置1は、中空糸膜6の表面の洗浄効率に優れ、高い濾過効率を維持することができる。
今回開示された実施の形態は全ての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上記実施形態の構成に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。
2 濾過モジュール
3 フレーム
4 洗浄モジュール
5 排出機構
6 中空糸膜
7 上側保持部材
7a 排水ノズル
8 下側保持部材
9 給気管
9a 気泡吐出口
11 集水配管
12 吸引ポンプ
A0 存在領域
A1 稠密配設領域
B 気泡
C 長手方向中心軸
D 稠密配設領域の間隔
G 下側保持部材の間隔
L1 存在領域の長手方向の長さ
L2 存在領域の短手方向の長さ
L3 稠密配設領域の長手方向の長さ
P 濾過モジュールの配設ピッチ
W 濾過槽
Claims (6)
- 一方向に引き揃えられる複数本の中空糸膜及びこれらの複数本の中空糸膜の両端部を固定する一対の保持部材を有する1又は複数の濾過モジュールと、
この濾過モジュールの下方から気泡を供給する1又は複数の洗浄モジュールと
を備える濾過装置であって、
上記濾過モジュールが、棒状の保持部材に複数本の中空糸膜がカーテン状に列設された構造を有し、
上記保持部材が、長手方向に上記複数本の中空糸膜が稠密に配設される複数の領域を間隔を空けて有している濾過装置。 - 上記稠密配設領域の平均間隔が上記稠密配設領域の長手方向平均長さの1/100以上1以下である請求項1に記載の濾過装置。
- 複数の上記濾過モジュールが平行かつ等間隔に配設されている請求項1又は請求項2に記載の濾過装置。
- 上記一対の保持部材間に配設される複数本の中空糸膜が弛みを有している請求項1、請求項2又は請求項3に記載の濾過装置。
- 上記中空糸膜の有効部分両端間の平均直線距離に対する平均有効長さの比は、1.01以上1.2以下である、請求項4に記載の濾過装置。
- 上記中空糸膜がポリテトラフルオロエチレンを主成分とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の濾過装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA2982243A CA2982243A1 (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2016-04-25 | Filtration device |
CN201680015199.2A CN107427779A (zh) | 2015-05-11 | 2016-04-25 | 过滤设备 |
US15/559,433 US20180078904A1 (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2016-04-25 | Filtration apparatus |
JP2016554695A JPWO2016181803A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 | 2016-04-25 | 濾過装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2015-096301 | 2015-05-11 | ||
JP2015096301 | 2015-05-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2016181803A1 true WO2016181803A1 (ja) | 2016-11-17 |
Family
ID=57248822
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2016/062874 WO2016181803A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 | 2016-04-25 | 濾過装置 |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US20180078904A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2016181803A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107427779A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2982243A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201701944A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016181803A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018092342A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 濾過モジュール及び濾過装置 |
WO2018109964A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 濾過装置 |
WO2019202822A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 濾過装置 |
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JP2000051672A (ja) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-22 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 膜分離装置 |
JP2007152179A (ja) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-21 | Mitsubishi Rayon Eng Co Ltd | 膜ろ過ユニット |
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US20110049038A1 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Aerts Peter E M | Filtration module including membrane sheet with capillary channels |
WO2012008115A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-19 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 浸漬型膜濾過ユニット及び浸漬型膜濾過装置 |
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2016
- 2016-04-25 CN CN201680015199.2A patent/CN107427779A/zh active Pending
- 2016-04-25 US US15/559,433 patent/US20180078904A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-04-25 CA CA2982243A patent/CA2982243A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-04-25 WO PCT/JP2016/062874 patent/WO2016181803A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-04-25 JP JP2016554695A patent/JPWO2016181803A1/ja active Pending
- 2016-05-05 TW TW105113986A patent/TW201701944A/zh unknown
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JP2000051672A (ja) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-22 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 膜分離装置 |
JP2007152179A (ja) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-21 | Mitsubishi Rayon Eng Co Ltd | 膜ろ過ユニット |
WO2008001730A1 (fr) * | 2006-06-26 | 2008-01-03 | Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer, Inc. | Appareil de filtration |
WO2008139617A1 (ja) * | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-20 | Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering Co., Ltd. | 膜ろ過ユニット |
JP2010142782A (ja) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Daiki Ataka Engineering Co Ltd | 膜分離装置 |
US20110049038A1 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Aerts Peter E M | Filtration module including membrane sheet with capillary channels |
WO2012008115A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-19 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 浸漬型膜濾過ユニット及び浸漬型膜濾過装置 |
Cited By (4)
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WO2018092342A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 濾過モジュール及び濾過装置 |
WO2018109964A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 濾過装置 |
WO2019202822A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 濾過装置 |
JP2019188275A (ja) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-31 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 濾過装置 |
Also Published As
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US20180078904A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
TW201701944A (zh) | 2017-01-16 |
JPWO2016181803A1 (ja) | 2018-02-22 |
CN107427779A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
CA2982243A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
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