WO2016169470A1 - 一种太阳能全覆盖高隔热性能的电动汽车 - Google Patents

一种太阳能全覆盖高隔热性能的电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016169470A1
WO2016169470A1 PCT/CN2016/079690 CN2016079690W WO2016169470A1 WO 2016169470 A1 WO2016169470 A1 WO 2016169470A1 CN 2016079690 W CN2016079690 W CN 2016079690W WO 2016169470 A1 WO2016169470 A1 WO 2016169470A1
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Prior art keywords
power generation
board
power
vehicle
windshield
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PCT/CN2016/079690
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English (en)
French (fr)
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洪莲
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洪莲
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Priority claimed from CN201510185789.7A external-priority patent/CN104760541B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201510185312.9A external-priority patent/CN104827918A/zh
Application filed by 洪莲 filed Critical 洪莲
Publication of WO2016169470A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016169470A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • the present invention relates to an electric drive vehicle equipped with an air conditioning system that is equipped with at least one rechargeable power storage device that provides power to the vehicle and a set of electrically driven automotive air conditioning systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to an automobile exterior image acquisition system and an in-vehicle image display system for providing real-time external view to the interior of the vehicle, and is provided with a fixed and/or adjustable retractable high heat insulation performance solar power generation panel.
  • the electric vehicle with full coverage of the surface area of the vehicle body can realize solar power generation in the largest surface area of the vehicle body whether it is moving or stopped, and the solar panel with high heat insulation performance reduces the air conditioning load in the vehicle.
  • Electric vehicles are high-tech products integrating automotive technology, electronics and computer technology, electrochemical technology, energy and new materials technology. Compared with ordinary internal combustion engine vehicles, they have the characteristics of no pollution, low noise and saving oil resources. Based on the characteristics of the above electric vehicles, it is a new generation of clean and environmentally friendly vehicles for human beings, and its popularization and popularization is of immeasurable importance. Then one of the main limiting factors for the large-scale promotion of electric vehicles is the car's endurance. How to increase the endurance of an electric vehicle, the feasible direction is to increase the storage capacity of the battery or to easily increase the charging time of the battery, and on the other hand to reduce the power consumption of the auxiliary facilities in the vehicle, especially the air conditioning system.
  • Patent application WO2007/059493 discloses a car equipped with a rechargeable battery and a solar panel for charging the battery.
  • the vehicle includes a first solar panel module covering the roof, a second solar panel module covering the hood, and a folded third solar panel module hinged to the first solar panel.
  • the third solar panel is deployed on the windshield.
  • the disadvantage of this scheme is that when the third solar power When the pool plate is deployed, the third solar panel completely blocks the windshield. Therefore, when the car is in use, in order to allow the driver to see the road surface, the panel must be folded back, which greatly reduces the useful surface of the solar panel.
  • the rectangular panels installed on the roof of the car will have an impact on the aerodynamics and aesthetics of the car.
  • Patent application WO2009/077567 discloses a solar electric vehicle whose body is made of an opaque material, a transparent windshield and a window glass are distributed in the opening of the vehicle body, and the opaque body includes a solar power panel, and the transparent glass has Transparent solar panels.
  • the invention provides an electric vehicle with full coverage of solar energy and high heat insulation performance, which increases the endurance capacity of the electric vehicle from the two aspects of “open source” and “throttle” and can create a complete private space inside the vehicle.
  • the invention proposes a full coverage of the solar power generation board which realizes high heat insulation performance on the surface of the vehicle body by adopting an off-board image acquisition system and an in-vehicle image display system instead of transparent glass to observe the road condition.
  • An electric vehicle that maximizes the use of power generation and insulation in the surface area of the vehicle body.
  • the present invention provides an electric or hybrid vehicle characterized by:
  • the vehicle comprises at least one motor 1, a rechargeable power storage device 2 for supplying power to the motor, an electric drive car air conditioning system, an exterior image acquisition system 3, an in-vehicle image display system 4, a passenger compartment and a vehicle.
  • the vehicle body includes solar power panels (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) connected to the power storage device 2 to generate electricity when the exterior of the vehicle is exposed to the radiation of the sun. The power supplied by the solar power panel is supplied to the rechargeable power storage device 2 and/or the motor 1.
  • the power storage device 2 may be a battery, or may be another device including a storage capacitor.
  • the solar power generation panel comprises a first power generation board (5), a second power generation board (6), a third power generation board (7), a fourth power generation board (8), and a fifth power generation board (9).
  • a sixth power generation board (10) and a seventh power generation board (11) wherein the first power generation board (5) is disposed on an outer surface area of the front body of the vehicle body, including a hood and a peripheral side of the front end; and the second power generation board (6) disposed in an outer surface area of the trunk of the vehicle body; the third power generating board (7) is disposed on the left and right side non-opening portions of the vehicle body; the fourth power generating board (8) is disposed on the roof of the vehicle
  • the fifth power generating board (9) is disposed in a front windshield surface area, the sixth power generating board (10) is disposed in a rear windshield surface area, and the seventh power generating board (11) is disposed on the left and right side windows The surface area of the glass.
  • the third power generation board (7), the fourth power generation board (8), the fifth power generation board (9), the sixth power generation board (10), and the seventh power generation board (11) surround the vehicle personnel.
  • the first power generation board (5) and the second power generation board (6) are non-human active space direct contact surface areas adopt ordinary solar power generation boards or high heat insulation performance solar power generation boards
  • the power generation board (10) and the seventh power generation board (11) all directly surround the indoor activity space of the vehicle, and all adopt high-insulation performance solar power generation boards.
  • the utility model is characterized in that, in the area where the heat and cold load are not large, when the heat insulation is not required, the first power generation board (5), the second power generation board (6), and the third power board ( 7)
  • the fourth power generation board (8), the fifth power generation board (9), the sixth power generation board (10), and the seventh power generation board (11) all adopt ordinary solar power generation boards.
  • the fifth power generation board (9) and/or the sixth power generation board (10) and/or the seventh power generation board (11) are both ordinary solar power generation boards or high heat insulation performance solar power generation boards.
  • the utility model is further characterized in that: the high heat insulation performance solar power generation board is a high heat insulation performance material which is added with a certain thickness on the inner side of the solar power generation material, and has the heat insulation and heat insulation performance without affecting the power generation efficiency.
  • the utility model is further characterized in that: the fifth power generation board (9) is connected to the lifting mechanism, and can be received by the lifting mechanism into the front hood or under the hood; when the solar power board 9 is raised to the front windshield , in close contact with the front windshield to achieve better insulation performance.
  • the utility model is further characterized in that: the fifth power generation board (9) is connected to the lifting mechanism, and can be collected into the roof or under the roof by the lifting mechanism; when the solar power board 9 is lowered onto the front windshield, The front windshield is in close contact for better thermal insulation.
  • the utility model is further characterized in that: the sixth power generation board (10) is connected with the lifting mechanism, and can be passed through the elevator
  • the structure is assembled into the trunk lid or under the trunk lid; when the sixth power generating plate (10) is raised to the rear windshield, it is in close contact with the rear windshield to achieve better heat insulation performance.
  • the utility model is further characterized in that: the sixth power generation board (10) is connected with the lifting mechanism, and can be collected into the roof or under the roof by the lifting mechanism, when the sixth power generation board (10) is lowered onto the rear windshield, Close contact with the rear windshield for better thermal insulation.
  • the utility model is further characterized in that: the seventh power generation board (11) is connected with the lifting mechanism, and can be received by the lifting mechanism to the door of the corresponding side non-opening portion; when the seventh power generation board (11) is raised to the side windshield In the upper part, it is in close contact with the side windshield to achieve better thermal insulation performance.
  • the fifth power generation board (9), the sixth power generation board (10), and the seventh power generation board (11) are all power generation boards that can be stowed or opened.
  • the utility model is further characterized in that: the automobile can be flexibly switched between a full coverage mode, a partial coverage mode and a normal mode; the full coverage mode is open for all retractable or open power generation panels; the partial coverage mode is The power board that is closed or opened is only partially opened; the normal mode is that all power boards that can be stowed or opened are retracted.
  • the image acquisition system 1 further includes an image acquisition system (1a) disposed in front of the automobile and/or an image acquisition system (1b) disposed on both sides and/or an image acquisition system disposed on the rear side. (1c) and / or image acquisition system (1d) set at the top, real-time monitoring of the hemispherical view of the exterior scene.
  • the in-vehicle image display system 2 comprises a display device (2a) and an associated software and hardware system (2b), and the display device (2a) can realize human-computer interaction.
  • the display system 2 is also connected to all the vehicle exterior image acquisition systems (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d), and the display system 2 separately displays the images collected by a certain group of image acquisition systems, or simultaneously displays multiple groups of image acquisitions.
  • the screen captured by the system, or freely switch between the screens.
  • the vehicle exterior image acquisition system 1 is a camera.
  • the camera is also characterized in that: the camera is one or more of a common camera, an infrared camera, and a remote sensing camera.
  • the in-vehicle image display system 2 is one or more groups.
  • the in-vehicle image display system 2 is arranged in front of the driver's seat and/or in front of the passenger's seat and/or in the front of the front seat and/or in front of the rear seat and/or in the side window. position.
  • the in-vehicle image display system 2 has a leisure entertainment function at the same time.
  • the display device 2(a) of the in-vehicle image display system 2 is a transparent display screen that completely replaces the windshield, and the display device 2(a) serves as a display when the automobile is in non-transparent driving.
  • the display device 2(a) is only used as a windshield when the car is driving transparently.
  • the display device 2(a) is a transparent OLED display.
  • the vehicle body is made of an opaque material and forms a casing that surrounds the motor 1, the power storage device 2, the air conditioning system, and the passenger compartment.
  • the display device (2a) is integrated in the same device as the associated software and hardware system (2b).
  • the out-of-vehicle image acquisition system 3 in the same direction may have one or more external image acquisition systems.
  • the present invention can achieve a completely non-transparent driving mode of the automobile.
  • the present invention realizes a driving mode in which the automobile is completely opaque. Whether it is an internal combustion engine, a hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle, the driver must observe the road conditions in combination with transparent glass, and it is impossible to achieve a completely opaque driving mode.
  • the invention provides a completely non-transparent driving mode of the automobile by means of the vehicle exterior image acquisition system and the in-vehicle image display system group.
  • the invention greatly increases the endurance capability of the electric vehicle from the two aspects of "open source” and "throttle". Since the vehicle body can flexibly realize the full coverage of the solar power panel, solar power generation can be almost achieved in 100% of the outer surface of the vehicle body; on the other hand, the high-insulation material with full coverage can greatly reduce the heating required in the winter. Electricity consumption; in the summer, it reduces the sun's heat entering the car through the glass, and at the same time realizes the isolation of the comfortable low temperature environment and the outdoor high temperature environment, which greatly reduces the power consumption required for cooling. In the transition season, the minimum power consumption required for the interior environment is achieved by changing the full coverage mode, partial coverage mode, and normal mode.
  • the invention can flexibly realize the full coverage mode according to the needs, and the partial coverage mode and the normal mode are switched at any time, thereby ensuring the multiple needs of the automobile user and the safety guarantee of the automobile itself. For example, when the battery power is insufficient or the vehicle is parked, the full coverage mode can be turned on for charging. When the passenger in the car wants to open the window to ventilate or basking in the sun, the partial window of the side window or the front opening can be opened, when the display or the vehicle exterior image Normal mode can be turned on when the acquisition system fails.
  • the live observation system of the invention through the in-vehicle image display system and the plurality of sets of off-vehicle image acquisition systems can be configured by the number of the camera group and the in-vehicle image display system group, and the driver and the passengers in the vehicle can pass Configure one or more in-car image display systems to achieve a large field of view, multi-angle live view observation system.
  • the in-vehicle image display system configured for the passengers in the car can also realize functions such as entertainment and games through the network or the built-in system.
  • the invention can realize that the vehicle body is completely opaque and increases user privacy.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a solar-powered, fully-covered, high-insulation electric car in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front 45° side view of a solar-powered, fully-insulated, high-insulation electric car in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a rear 45° side view of an electric car with full coverage of solar energy and high thermal insulation according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a power system for a synchronous machine mounted to the solar electric car of FIG. 1.
  • 1 motor
  • 2 rechargeable power storage device for supplying electric power to the motor
  • 3 external image acquisition system
  • 5 solar power board disposed on the outer surface area of the front body of the vehicle body, including the hood And the peripheral side of the front of the vehicle
  • 6 a solar power panel disposed on the outer surface area of the trunk of the vehicle body
  • 7 a solar power panel disposed on the outer surface area of the non-opening portion of the left and right sides of the vehicle body
  • 8 outputside the roof Solar power board in the surface area
  • 9 solar power board arranged in the front glass
  • 10 solar power board arranged in the rear glass
  • 11 solar power board arranged in the side window glass
  • MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking System
  • the present invention is not limited to a car of any shape, and in the present embodiment, the exterior of the vehicle has features that substantially completely cover the solar power panel.
  • the automobile includes a motor 1, a rechargeable power storage device 2 for supplying power to the motor, an electric drive automobile air conditioning system, an exterior image acquisition system 3, and an interior. Shadow Like display system 4, passenger compartment and body.
  • the vehicle body is made of an opaque material and forms a casing surrounding the motor 1, the power storage device 2, the air conditioning system, and the passenger compartment, and the vehicle body includes solar power panels 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and Connected to the power storage device 2, the solar power generating panel 5 is disposed in an outer surface area of the front body of the vehicle body, including a hood and a peripheral side of the front end, and the solar power generating panel 6 is disposed on an outer surface area of the trunk of the vehicle body, the solar power generating board 7 is disposed on the left and right side non-opening portions of the vehicle body, the solar power generating panel 8 is disposed on the roof of the vehicle, the solar power generating panel 9 is disposed on the front windshield surface area, and the solar power generating panel 10 is disposed on the
  • the solar power panels 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 surround the human activity space in the vehicle, and the solar panels with high heat insulation performance are used.
  • the surface areas 5, 6 directly contacting the non-human activity space may be ordinary solar power panels or high heat insulation solar panels.
  • the high heat insulation performance solar power generation board is a high heat insulation performance material which is added with a certain thickness on the inner side of the solar power generation material, and has the functions of heat preservation, heat insulation and solar radiation isolation without affecting power generation efficiency.
  • the solar power generation panel 9 is connected to the electric lifting mechanism, and the solar power generation panel 9 is received in the front hood by a control button provided in the vehicle. When the solar power generation panel 9 is raised to the front windshield, it is in close contact with the front windshield to achieve better heat insulation performance.
  • the solar power generation panel 10 is connected to the electric lifting mechanism, and the solar power generation panel 10 can be received into the trunk lid through a control button provided in the vehicle. When the solar power generation panel 10 is raised to the rear windshield, it is in close contact with the rear windshield to achieve better thermal insulation performance.
  • the solar power generation panel 11 is connected to the electric lifting mechanism, and the solar power generation panel 11 can be received in the door of the corresponding side non-opening portion by a control button provided in the vehicle. When the solar power generation panel 11 is raised to the side windshield, it is in close contact with the side windshield to achieve better heat insulation performance.
  • the image acquisition system 3 sets each group on the front, the sides, and the rear side of the car to realize the hemispherical surface.
  • the viewing angle monitors the exterior of the car in real time.
  • the in-vehicle image display system 4 adopts built-in related software, which can directly display the display screen of the image captured by the external image acquisition system 3, and sets multiple groups, which are respectively arranged at the front windshield of the front of the driver's seat, and the seats of the front and the rear passengers. On the back of the chair.
  • the display comes with software to watch movies and games.
  • the in-vehicle image display system 4 is connected to all the off-board image acquisition systems 3, and the off-board image acquisition system 3 displays the images outside the vehicle and displays them on the in-vehicle image display system 4, and the driver displays the outside of the vehicle according to the display system 4.
  • the solar panels are connected to a maximum power point tracking system (MPPT) 12.
  • MPPT maximum power point tracking system
  • the MPPT 12 operates like a DC-DC converter, which automatically optimizes the load connected to each area of the solar panel to provide the battery with the longest available energy.
  • the current can be directed to the electrical storage device 2 to charge the electrical storage device or to the motor 1 via the transducer 13.
  • the controller mounted on the MPPT 12 also controls the load connected to the power storage device 2, and once the energy required by the motor 1 exceeds the energy provided by the solar power panel, the power storage device starts to function. Conversely, once the energy provided by the solar panel exceeds the demand of the motor 1, excess current will be directed to the power storage device to charge the power storage device.
  • the solar power panel 8 disposed on the roof may also be divided into a solar power panel 8(a) covering the roof skylight and a solar power panel 8 covering the non-opening portion of the roof ( b), for the solar panel 8(a) covering the roof skylight, its characteristics and arrangement left
  • the solar power generation panel 11 in the surface area of the right side window glass is the same, and the solar power generation panel 8(b) covering the non-opening portion of the roof has the same characteristics as the solar power generation panel 7 disposed on the left and right sides of the vehicle body.
  • the power generating panel may be rigid or flexible or foldable.
  • the components of the device may be constructed from a variety of materials such as metals, metal alloys, composites, plastics, etc.
  • the in-vehicle image display system can be installed on the front or the top of the dashboard at the front of the steering wheel. It can be fixed, and can be retracted to the lower case when not in use. It can also be installed in the front windshield and the roof. At the lower edge of the windshield, when it is not in use, it is received in the upper roof or the lower casing, and the in-vehicle image display system can adjust the angle as needed.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种太阳能电动汽车，包括电机（1）、蓄电装置（2）、空调***、车外影像采集***（3）及车内影像显示***（4）、乘客舱及车体，车体的顶部和侧部包括太阳能发电板，车的挡风玻璃外覆盖可收起的太阳能发电板，车外影像采集***与车内影像显示***连接实时显示路况。

Description

一种太阳能全覆盖高隔热性能的电动汽车 技术领域
本发明涉及一种配有空调***的电力驱动汽车，它安装有至少一个为该汽车提供电力的可再充电的蓄电装置和一套电力驱动的汽车空调***。更具体地，本发明涉及一种利用车外影像采集***与车内影像显示***为车内人员提供实时外部视野，同时配有固定和/或可调可收放高隔热性性能太阳能发电板全覆盖车体表面区域，达到车体无论是运动还是停止状态，均可实现车体最大表面区域太阳能发电，同时高隔热性能的太阳能板减少车内空调负荷的一种电动汽车。
背景技术
电动汽车是集汽车技术、电子及计算机技术、电化学技术、能源与新材料技术于一体的高新技术产品，与普通内燃机汽车相比，具有无污染、噪声低及节省石油资源的特点。基于以上电动汽车的特点，它是人类新一代的清洁环保交通工具，其推广普及具有不可估量的重要意义。然后电动汽车大规模推广的主要受限因素之一是汽车的续航能力。如何增加电动汽车的续航能力，可行的方向一方面是增加电池的蓄电容量或能够便捷地增加电池的充电时间，另一方面是减少车内辅助设施特别是空调***的电力的消耗。
专利申请WO2007/059493公开了一种安装有可再充电的蓄电池和用于为该蓄电池充电的太阳能发电板板的汽车。该车包括覆盖车顶的第一太阳能电池板模块、覆盖引擎罩的第二太阳能电池板模块和折叠式的第三太阳能电池板模块，该第三太阳能电池板铰接到第一太阳能电池板。当汽车静止时，第三太阳能电池板展开在挡风玻璃上。这种方案的缺点在于当第三太阳能电 池板展开时，该第三太阳能电池板完全阻挡挡风玻璃，因此，当汽车使用中时，为了允许驾驶员看清路面，必须将电池板折叠回去，大大减少了太阳能电池板的有用表面，另外，安装到汽车车顶的矩形电池板会对汽车的空气动力学和美学有一定的影响。
专利申请WO2009/077567公开了一种将太阳能电动汽车，其车身由不透明材料制成，透明挡风玻璃及车窗玻璃分布在车身开孔中，不透明车体中包括太阳能发电板，透明玻璃中具有透明的太阳能发电板。
上述两种方案都是从利用太阳能板发电来解决电动汽车的电力来源和增加充电时间，以增加电动汽车的续航能力。然后驾驶要求的透明玻璃的存在会使得太阳辐射透过玻璃进入车内，在夏季增加车内的冷负荷，同时由于玻璃的保温性能差，在冬季会增加车内的热负荷。对于传统内燃机汽车而言，这不是问题，但是对于纯电动汽车，尽管采用了各种高效的空调***，但其耗电仍然占所有辅助子***功耗的60％～75％，甚至更多，由于这部分空调负荷消耗的电能较大，对电动汽车的续航能力造成了较大的挑战。早期为了增加续行里程，大部分电动汽车都没有安装空调，这显然无法满足人们对电动汽车的期待，因此，一些电动汽车为了满足夏天制冷，冬天制热的要求不得不安装额外的内燃发动机专门用于空调。
此外，透明玻璃特别是用于驾驶观察视野的前档玻璃的存在，很难结合其他诸如贴膜等技术方便实现车内空间对外部完全非透明，一定程度影响用户的私密性。
本发明提出一种太阳能全覆盖高隔热性能的电动汽车，从“开源”与“节流”两个角度增加电动汽车的续航能力，并可创造完全的车内私密空间。
发明内容
本发明从增加电动汽车的续航能力出发，提出了一种以车外影像采集***和车内影像显示***代替透明玻璃来观察路况，在车体表面实现高隔热性能的太阳能发电板全覆盖，最大限度利用车体表面区域发电和隔热的电动汽车。
具体地说，本发明提供了一种电动或混合动力汽车，其特征在于：
该汽车包括至少一个电机1、用于向电机提供电力的可再充电的蓄电装置2，一套电驱动汽车空调***、车外影像采集***3，车内影像显示***4，乘客舱和车体，该车体中包括太阳能发电板(5、6、7、8、9、10、11)，所述太阳能发电板与蓄电装置2连接，当汽车外部暴露于太阳的辐射中时产生电力，由所述太阳能发电板提供的电力供应给可再充电的蓄电装置2和/或所述电机1。
所述蓄电装置2可以是蓄电池，也可以是超级电容等其他具备蓄放电的装置。
其特征还在于：所述太阳能发电板包括第一发电板(5)、第二发电板(6)、第三发电板(7)、第四发电板(8)、第五发电板(9)、第六发电板(10)、第七发电板(11)，所述第一发电板(5)布置于车体前厢外表面区域，包含引擎罩和车头周边侧面；所述第二发电板(6)布置于车体后备厢外表面区域；所述第三发电板(7)布置于车体左右两个侧面非开孔部分；所述第四发电板(8)布置于车顶，所述第五发电板(9)布置于前挡风玻璃表面区域，所述第六发电板(10)布置于后挡风玻璃表面区域，所述第七发电板(11)布置于左右两侧窗玻璃表面区域。
其特征还在于：所述第三发电板(7)、第四发电板(8)、第五发电板(9)、第六发电板(10)、第七发电板(11)包围车内人员活动空间，采用高隔热 性能太阳能发电板。所述第一发电板(5)、第二发电板(6)为非人员活动空间直接接触表面区采用普通太阳能发电板或高隔热性能太阳能发电板
其特征还在于：当所述第一发电板(5)、第二发电板(6)、第三发电板(7)、第四发电板(8)、第五发电板(9)、第六发电板(10)、第七发电板(11)均直接包围车内人员活动空间，均采用高隔热性能太阳能发电板。
其特征还在于：在对冷热负荷均不大的地区，当不需要进行隔热时，还可以在所述第一发电板(5)、第二发电板(6)，第三电板(7)、第四发电板(8)、第五发电板(9)、第六发电板(10)、第七发电板(11)均采用普通太阳能发电板。
其特征在于：根据实际情况，所述第一发电板(5)和/或第二发电板(6)和/或第三电板(7)和/或第四发电板(8)和/或第五发电板(9)和/或第六发电板(10)和/或第七发电板(11)均采用普通太阳能发电板或高隔热性能太阳能发电板。
其特征还在于：所述高隔热性能太阳能发电板是在太阳能发电材料的内侧增加一层一定厚度的高隔热性能材料，在不影响发电效率的同时具备保温、隔热性能。
其特征还在于：所述第五发电板(9)与升降机构相连，可通过所述升降机构收至前引擎盖内或引擎盖下；当太阳能发电板9升起至前挡风玻璃上时，与前挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
其特征还在于：所述第五发电板(9)与升降机构相连，可通过所述升降机构收至车顶内或车顶下；当太阳能发电板9下降至前挡风玻璃上时，与前挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
其特征还在于：所述第六发电板(10)与升降机构相连，可通过升降机 构收至后备箱盖内或后备箱盖下；当第六发电板(10)升起至后挡风玻璃上时，与后挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
其特征还在于：所述第六发电板(10)与升降机构相连，可通过升降机构收至车顶内或车顶下，当第六发电板(10)下降至后挡风玻璃上时，与后挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
其特征还在于：所述第七发电板(11)与升降机构相连，可通过升降机构收至对应侧非开孔部分的车门内；当第七发电板(11)升起至侧挡风玻璃上时，与侧挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
其特征还在于：所述第五发电板(9)、第六发电板(10)、第7发电板(11)均为可收起或打开的发电板。
其特征还在于：所述汽车可在全覆盖模式，部分覆盖模式和普通模式之间灵活切换；所述全覆盖模式为所有可收起或打开的发电板均打开；所述部分覆盖模式为可收起或打开的发电板只打开一部分；所述普通模式为所有可收起或打开的发电板均收起。
其特征还在于：所述车外影像采集***1包括设置在汽车前方的影像采集***(1a)和/或设置在两侧的影像采集***(1b)和/或设置在后侧的影像采集***(1c)和/或设置在顶部的影像采集***(1d)，可实现车外景象半球面视角的实时监控。
其特征还在于：所述车内影像显示***2包括显示装置(2a)及相关软硬件***(2b)，所述显示装置(2a)可实现人机交互。
其特征还在于：所述显示***2与所有车外影像采集***(1a，1b，1c，1d)连接，显示***2单独显示某一组影像采集***采集的画面，或同时显示多组影像采集***采集的画面，或者在各个画面间自由切换。
其特征还在于：所述的车外影像采集***1为摄像头。
其特征还在于：所述摄像头为普通摄像头、红外摄像头、遥感摄像头中的一种或多种。
其特征还在于：所述车内影像显示***2为一组或多组。
其特征还在于：所述车内影像显示***2设置在驾驶座前方和/或设置在副驾驶前方和/或设置在车前座后背和/或设置在后座前方和/或设置在侧窗位置。
其特征还在于：所述车内影像显示***2同时具备休闲娱乐功能。
其特征还在于：所述车内影像显示***2的显示装置2(a)为透明的显示屏，其完全替代挡风玻璃，当汽车处于非透明驾驶时所述显示装置2(a)作为显示装置和挡风玻璃用，当汽车处于透明驾驶时，所述显示装置2(a)仅作为挡风玻璃用。
其特征还在于：所述显示装置2(a)为透明的OLED显示屏。
其特征还在于：车体由不透明材料制成并且形成包围电机1、蓄电装置2、空调***及乘客舱的箱体。
其特征还在于：所述显示装置(2a)与相关软硬件***(2b)集成在同一装置内。
其特征还在于：所述的车外影像采集***3在同一方向设置的车外影像采集***可以是一个，也可以是多个。
其特征还在于：实现了汽车完全非透明的驾驶模式。现有汽车驾驶模式，驾驶员必须结合透明的玻璃观察路况，无法实现完全非透明的驾驶模式。本发明可以实现汽车的完全非透明驾驶模式。
本发明具有以下优点及突出性效果：
(1)本发明实现了汽车完全非透明的驾驶模式。现有无论是内燃机汽车、混合动力汽车还是纯电动汽车，其驾驶员必须结合透明的玻璃观察路况，无法实现完全非透明的驾驶模式。本发明提出的借助车外影像采集***和车内影像显示***组则可以实现汽车的完全非透明驾驶模式。
(2)本发明从“开源”与“节流”两个方面大幅度增加了电动汽车的续航能力。由于车体可灵活实现太阳能发电板全覆盖，几乎可实现车体外表面100％的区域的太阳能发电；另一方面通过全覆盖的高隔热性能材料，在冬天，大大减少了制热所需的电力消耗；在夏天，减少了太阳透过玻璃的进入车内的太阳得热，同时实现了车内人体舒适的低温环境与室外高温环境的隔离，大大减少了制冷所需的电力消耗。在过渡季，通过变换全覆盖模式，部分覆盖模式、普通模式实现车内环境所需的最低电力消耗。
(3)本发明可根据需要灵活实现全覆盖模式，部分覆盖模式和普通模式的随时切换，保证了汽车使用者的多种需求和汽车本身的安全保障。如当电池电力不足或停车时，可开启全覆盖模式进行充电，当车内乘客想开窗通风或晒太阳时，可开启侧窗或前档打开的部分覆盖模式，当显示屏或车外影像采集***出现故障时，可开启普通模式。
(4)本发明通过车内影像显示***和多组车外影像采集***构成的实况观察***，可以通过摄像图组和车内影像显示***组的数量配置，驾驶员和车内乘客均可通过配置一个或多个车内影像显示***实现大视野，多角度的实况实景观察***。给车内乘客配置的车内影像显示***还可以通过网络或内置***实现娱乐，游戏等功能。
(5)本发明可以实现车体完全非透明，增加了用户私密性。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明特定实施例的太阳能全覆盖高隔热性能的电动轿车的前视图
图2是根据本发明特定实施例的太阳能全覆盖高隔热性能的电动轿车的前45°侧视图
图3是根据本发明特定实施例的太阳能全覆盖高隔热性能的电动轿车后45°侧视图
图4是用于安装到图1的太阳能电动轿车上的同步电机的电力***流程图。
其中：1—电机；2—用于向电机提供电力的可再充电的蓄电装置；3—车外影像采集***；5—布置于车体前厢外表面区域的太阳能发电板，包含引擎罩和车头周边侧面；6—布置于车体后备厢外表面区域的太阳能发电板；7—布置于车体左右两个侧面非开孔部分外表面区域的太阳能发电板；8—布置于车顶外表面区域的太阳能发电板；9—布置于前档玻璃可活动的太阳能发电板；10—布置于后档玻璃可活动的太阳能发电板；11—布置于侧窗玻璃可活动的太阳能发电板；12—最大功率点跟踪***(MPPT)；13—变换器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详述，该实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。
本发明不限制于任何形状的汽车，在本实施例中，该车外部具有实际上完全覆盖太阳能发电板的特征。
如图1,2,3所示，该汽车包括一个电机1、用于向电机提供电力的可再充电的蓄电装置2，一套电驱动汽车空调***、车外影像采集***3，车内影 像显示***4，乘客舱和车体。车体由不透明材料制成并且形成包围电机1、蓄电装置2、空调***及乘客舱的箱体，该车体中包括太阳能发电板5、6、7、8、9、10、11，并与蓄电装置2连接，太阳能发电板5布置于车体前厢外表面区域，包含引擎罩和车头周边侧面，所述太阳能发电板6布置于车体后备厢外表面区域，所述太阳能发电板7布置于车体左右两个侧面非开孔部分，所述太阳能发电板8布置于车顶，所述太阳能发电板9布置前挡风玻璃表面区域、所述太阳能发电板10布置后挡风玻璃表面区域、所述太阳能发电板11布置左右两侧窗玻璃表面区域。太阳能发电板7、8、9、10、11包围车内人员活动空间，采用高隔热性能太阳能发电板。非人员活动空间直接接触的表面区域5，6可以采用普通太阳能发电板，也可以采用高隔热性能太阳能发电板。所述高隔热性能太阳能发电板是在太阳能发电材料的内侧增加一层一定厚度的高隔热性能材料，在不影响发电效率的同时，具备保温、隔热、隔太阳辐射性能。
太阳能发电板9与电动升降机构相连，通过车内设置的控制按钮将太阳能发电板9收至前引擎盖内。当太阳能发电板9升起至前挡风玻璃上时，与前挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。太阳能发电板10与电动升降机构相连，通过车内设置的控制按钮可将太阳能发电板10收至后备箱盖内。当太阳能发电板10升起至后挡风玻璃上时，与后挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。太阳能发电板11与电动升降机构相连，通过车内设置的控制按钮可将太阳能发电板11收至对应侧非开孔部分的车门内。当太阳能发电板11升起至侧挡风玻璃上时，与侧挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
影像采集***3分别在汽车前方、两侧，后侧设置各一组，实现半球面 视角实时监控车外景象。
车内影像显示***4采用内置有关软件，可直接显示车外影像采集***3采集的图像的显示屏，设置多组，分别设置在驾驶座前方汽车前挡风玻璃处，正、副驾驶的座椅后背上。显示屏自带软件还可以实现看电影，游戏娱乐。
车内影像显示***4与所有车外影像采集***3连接，车外影像采集***3将车外的影像采集后在车内影像显示***4上显示，驾驶员根据显示***4上显示的车外路况进行驾驶，从而无论是运动还是停止过程中，只要汽车外部暴露于太阳的辐射就可以发电，并实现隔热，减少空调电力消耗。
如图4所示电力***流程图，太阳能发电板挨个连接到最大功率点跟踪***(MPPT)12。MPPT 12像DC-DC变换器一样工作，其自动优化连接到太阳能发电板每个区域的负载，以使电池持久地提供最大的可利用能量。从MPPT 12开始，电流可被导向蓄电装置2为该蓄电装置充电，或通过变换器13导向电机1。安装在MPPT12的控制器也控制连接到蓄电装置2的负载，一旦电机1要求的能量超过太阳能发电板提供的能量，蓄电装置就开始起作用。相反地，一旦太阳能发电板提供的能量超过电机1的需求，过量的电流将被导向蓄电装置以便对该蓄电装置充电。
尽管附图所示所述的应用在电动轿车上，但是本领域技术人员应当了解，该***还可构造成应用于其他机车俩类型，例如，厢式货车，卡车。也可以用于带有蓄电装置和电力驱动的其他车辆，如混合动力汽车。
应当理解，对于车顶有天窗的汽车，布置于车顶的太阳能发电板8还可以分为覆盖车顶天窗的太阳能发电板8(a)和覆盖车顶非开孔部分的太阳能发电板8(b)，对于覆盖车顶天窗的太阳能发电板8(a)，其特性与布置左 右两侧窗玻璃表面区域的太阳能发电板11相同，对于覆盖车顶非开孔部分的太阳能发电板8(b)其特性与布置于车体左右两个侧面非开孔部分太阳能发电板7相同。
应当理解，所述发电板可以是硬的还可以柔软或可折叠的。
应当理解，装置的部件可由多种材料构成，例如金属，金属合金，复合材料，塑料等
应当理解，车内影像显示***可以安装在方向盘前侧的仪表盘位置或上方，可以固定，在不使用的时候收至下方的箱体内，还可以安装在前挡风玻璃与车顶连接或挡风玻璃下边缘处，在不使用的时候收至上方的车顶或下方的箱体内，车内影像显示***可以根据需要调整角度。
应当理解，上述实施方式仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，用来描述本发明原理的应用，在不背离本发明的精神或本质特性的情况下，本发明可以实施为其他的具体形式。所述实施方式无论从哪一方面来看都应当认为仅是作为说明性的，而不应认为是限制性的。因此，本发明的范围应当以所附权利要求为准，而不是以前述发明为准，根据权利要求的实质精神和等效手段所做的变型都落入其范围之内。
尽管已经利用与目前认为是本发明的最实用以及优选的实施方式相关的特性和细节全面地描述了本发明，但对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的各种变化和/或改善，包括但不限制于大小，材料，形状，接口形式，接口位置、功能和操作方式，组装和做出的使用上的改变，这些都不背离在权利要求中阐述的本发明的原理和概念。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种太阳能全覆盖高隔热性能的电动汽车，其特征在于：该汽车包括至少一个电机1、用于向电机提供电力的可再充电的蓄电装置2，一套电驱动汽车空调***、车外影像采集***3，车内影像显示***4，乘客舱和车体，该车体中包括太阳能发电板(5、6、7、8、9、10、11)，所述太阳能发电板与蓄电装置2连接，当汽车外部暴露于太阳的辐射中时产生电力，由所述太阳能发电板提供的电力供应给可再充电的蓄电装置2和/或所述电机1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车，其特征在于所述太阳能发电板包括第一发电板(5)、第二发电板(6)、第三发电板(7)、第四发电板(8)、第五发电板(9)、第六发电板(10)、第七发电板(11)，所述第一发电板(5)布置于车体前厢外表面区域，包含引擎罩和车头周边侧面；所述第二发电板(6)布置于车体后备厢外表面区域；所述第三发电板(7)布置于车体左右两个侧面非开孔部分；所述第四发电板(8)布置于车顶，所述第五发电板(9)布置于前挡风玻璃表面区域，所述第六发电板(10)布置于后挡风玻璃表面区域，所述第七发电板(11)布置于左右两侧窗玻璃表面区域。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车，其特征在于：所述第三发电板(7)和/或第四发电板(8)和/或第五发电板(9)和/或第六发电板(10)和/或第七发电板(11)和/或第一发电板(5)和/或第二发电板(6)采用普通太阳能发电板或高隔热性能太阳能发电板
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电动汽车，所述高隔热性能太阳能发电板是在太阳能发电材料的内侧增加一层一定厚度的高隔热性能材料，在不影响发电效率的同时具备保温、隔热性能。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种电动汽车，其特征还在于：所述第五发电 板(9)与升降机构相连，可通过所述升降机构收至前引擎盖内或引擎盖下；当太阳能发电板9升起至前挡风玻璃上时，与前挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种电动汽车，其特征还在于：所述第五发电板(9)与升降机构相连，可通过所述升降机构收至车顶内或车顶下；当太阳能发电板9下降至前挡风玻璃上时，与前挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车，其特征还在于：所述第六发电板(10)与升降机构相连，可通过升降机构收至后备箱盖内或后备箱盖下；当第六发电板(10)升起至后挡风玻璃上时，与后挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车，其特征还在于：所述第六发电板(10)与升降机构相连，可通过升降机构收至车顶内或车顶下，当第六发电板(10)下降至后挡风玻璃上时，与后挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车，其特征在于：所述第七发电板(11)与升降机构相连，可通过升降机构收至对应侧非开孔部分的车门内；当第七发电板(11)升起至侧挡风玻璃上时，与侧挡风玻璃紧密接触，实现较好的隔热性能。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车，其特征还在于：所述第五发电板(9)、第六发电板(10)、第7发电板(11)均为可收起或打开的发电板。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车，其特征在于所述汽车可在全覆盖模式，部分覆盖模式和普通模式之间灵活切换；所述全覆盖模式为所有可收起或打开的发电板均打开；所述部分覆盖模式为可收起或打开的发电板只打开 一部分；所述普通模式为所有可收起或打开的发电板均收起。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的汽车，所述车外影像采集***1包括设置在汽车前方的影像采集***(1a)和/或设置在两侧的影像采集***(1b)和/或设置在后侧的影像采集***(1c)和/或设置在顶部的影像采集***(1d)，可实现车外景象半球面视角的实时监控。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的汽车，其特征在于所述车内影像显示***2包括显示装置(2a)及相关软硬件***(2b)，所述显示装置(2a)可实现人机交互。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述显示***2与所有车外影像采集***(1a，1b，1c，1d)连接，显示***2单独显示某一组影像采集***采集的画面，或同时显示多组影像采集***采集的画面，或者在各个画面间自由切换。
  15. 根据权利要求1或12或13所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述的车外影像采集***1为摄像头。
  16. 根据权利要求1或12或13或14所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述车内影像显示***2为一组或多组。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述车内影像显示***2设置在驾驶座前方和/或设置在副驾驶前方和/或设置在车前座后背和/或设置在后座前方和/或设置在侧窗位置。
  18. 根据权利要求1或12或13或14所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述车内影像显示***2同时具备休闲娱乐功能。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述车内影像显示***2的显示装置2(a)为透明的显示屏，其完全替代挡风玻璃，当汽车处于非 透明驾驶时所述显示装置2(a)作为显示装置和挡风玻璃用，当汽车处于透明驾驶时，所述显示装置2(a)仅作为挡风玻璃用。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的汽车，其特征在于：所述显示装置2(a)为透明的OLED显示屏。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车，其特征还在于实现了汽车完全非透明的驾驶模式。
PCT/CN2016/079690 2015-04-20 2016-04-19 一种太阳能全覆盖高隔热性能的电动汽车 WO2016169470A1 (zh)

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