WO2016158626A1 - イエロートナー - Google Patents
イエロートナー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016158626A1 WO2016158626A1 PCT/JP2016/059269 JP2016059269W WO2016158626A1 WO 2016158626 A1 WO2016158626 A1 WO 2016158626A1 JP 2016059269 W JP2016059269 W JP 2016059269W WO 2016158626 A1 WO2016158626 A1 WO 2016158626A1
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- parts
- group
- yellow
- mass
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- BZKXDIAAIOXKAH-HVMBLDELSA-N CC(C(C(Nc(cc1)ccc1NC(C(C(C)=O)/N=N/c(cc(cc1)C(OC)=O)c1C(OC)=O)=O)=O)/N=N/c1cc(C(OC)=O)ccc1C(OC)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C(C(Nc(cc1)ccc1NC(C(C(C)=O)/N=N/c(cc(cc1)C(OC)=O)c1C(OC)=O)=O)=O)/N=N/c1cc(C(OC)=O)ccc1C(OC)=O)=O BZKXDIAAIOXKAH-HVMBLDELSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
- G03G9/0906—Organic dyes
- G03G9/091—Azo dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B29/00—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
- C09B29/34—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components
- C09B29/36—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components from heterocyclic compounds
- C09B29/3604—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components from heterocyclic compounds containing only a nitrogen as heteroatom
- C09B29/3617—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components from heterocyclic compounds containing only a nitrogen as heteroatom containing a six-membered heterocyclic with only one nitrogen as heteroatom
- C09B29/3621—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components from heterocyclic compounds containing only a nitrogen as heteroatom containing a six-membered heterocyclic with only one nitrogen as heteroatom from a pyridine ring
- C09B29/3626—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components from heterocyclic compounds containing only a nitrogen as heteroatom containing a six-membered heterocyclic with only one nitrogen as heteroatom from a pyridine ring from a pyridine ring containing one or more hydroxyl groups (or = O)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B33/00—Disazo and polyazo dyes of the types A->K<-B, A->B->K<-C, or the like, prepared by diazotising and coupling
- C09B33/02—Disazo dyes
- C09B33/153—Disazo dyes in which the coupling component is a bis-(aceto-acetyl amide) or a bis-(benzoyl-acetylamide)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0033—Blends of pigments; Mixtured crystals; Solid solutions
- C09B67/0046—Mixtures of two or more azo dyes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a yellow toner capable of widening the color gamut by presenting a clearer color than in the past with a small amount of toner and increasing the hue of the hue more than in the past.
- an electrostatic latent image formed on a photoreceptor is first developed with toner.
- the formed toner image is transferred onto a transfer material such as paper as necessary, and then fixed by various methods such as heating, pressurization, or solvent vapor.
- image forming apparatuses digital full-color copiers and digital full-color printers have been put into practical use.
- a digital full-color copying machine separates a color image original with blue, green, and red filters, and then converts an electrostatic latent image having a dot diameter of 20 to 70 ⁇ m corresponding to the original color original into yellow, magenta, Development is performed using cyan and black toners, and a full-color image is formed using a subtractive color mixing effect.
- coloring pigments for yellow toner include C.I. I. Disazo pigments such as C.I. Pigment Yellow 12, 13, and 17; I. Monoazo pigments such as those represented by CI Pigment Yellow 74, 97 and 98 are generally used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses C.I. I. Pigment yellow 74, C.I. I. A yellow toner containing Solvent Yellow 162 is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 contains C.I. I. A good color tone when C.I. Pigment Yellow 74 is contained alone in the toner; I. There is a description that high coloring power of Solvent Yellow 162 can be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 discloses C.I. I. Pigment yellow 155 and C.I. I. A yellow toner containing a specific proportion of solvent yellow 162 is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 includes C.I. by containing these colorants in a specific ratio.
- Patent Document 3 discloses C.I. I. Condensed azo pigments such as CI Pigment Yellow 93, and C.I. I. A yellow toner containing Solvent Yellow 162 is disclosed. In Patent Document 3, C.I. I. By using Solvent Yellow 162, C.I. I.
- an electrophotographic image forming apparatus As an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, it can be used as a normal copying machine or printer for printing office documents or as a simple copy. Since information can be easily printed, its application has been expanded to the on-demand printing (POD) market, which is a light printing area. For this reason, in recent years, the required levels of the reflection density and saturation of printed matter have been rapidly increasing.
- a dye unlike a pigment, a dye has a property of being soluble in a solvent and weak to light. Therefore, when combining dye and a pigment, when there is too much content rate of dye, there exists a problem that light resistance falls. Therefore, the content ratio of the dye and the pigment is naturally limited.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a yellow toner capable of widening the color gamut by exhibiting a clearer color than before with a small amount of toner and increasing the hue of the hue more than before.
- the present inventor has used a combination of Compound A having a specific chemical structure and Compound B as a yellow colorant, so that even when the amount of toner is small.
- the inventors have found that a yellow toner having a clearer color than before and having a hue that is greener than that of the prior art can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
- the yellow toner of the present invention is a yellow toner containing a binder resin and a yellow colorant.
- the yellow colorant the compound A represented by the following general formula (1) and the following formula (2)
- the content of the compound A is 0.5 to 7.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, and the content of the compound B is 0.5 to It is 8.0 parts by mass.
- R 1A , R 1B , R 2A and R 2B each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a methoxy group, an amino group, a nitro group, or an acetylamide group (—NHCOCH 3 ).
- R 3 represents a halogen atom
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a methoxy group, an amino group, a nitro group, an acetylamide group (—NHCOCH 3 ), an acetyl group (—COCH 3 ), a methyl ester group (—COOCH 3 ) or a primary amide group (—CONH 2 )
- a1 and b1 represent positive integers whose sum is 1 or more and 3 or less
- a2 and b2 represent positive integers whose sum is 1 or more and 3 or less
- c represents an integer of 1 to 3
- d and e are each independently 1 or 2.
- the mass ratio of the content of the compound A to the content of the compound B is preferably 0.1 to 10.0.
- the presence of the compound A causes the polymerizable monomer composition.
- the color gamut is widened by exhibiting a clearer color than before and increasing the greenness of the hue with a small amount of toner. A yellow toner is provided.
- the yellow toner of the present invention is a yellow toner containing a binder resin and a yellow colorant, and the yellow colorant is represented by the compound A represented by the following general formula (1) and the following formula (2).
- the content of the compound A is 0.5 to 7.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, and the content of the compound B is 0.5 to 8. It is 0 parts by mass.
- R 1A , R 1B , R 2A and R 2B each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a methoxy group, an amino group, a nitro group, or an acetylamide group (—NHCOCH 3 ).
- R 3 represents a halogen atom
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a methoxy group, , An amino group, a nitro group, an acetylamide group (—NHCOCH 3 ), an acetyl group (—COCH 3 ), a methyl ester group (—COOCH 3 ), or a primary amide group (—CONH 2 )
- a2 and b2 represent a positive integer such that the sum is 1 or more and 3 or less
- c represents an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less.
- d and e are each independently 1 or 2.
- toner the yellow toner of the present invention may be simply referred to as “toner”.
- yellow colored resin particles hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “colored resin particles”
- yellow colored resin particles obtained by the production method yellow colored resin particles
- yellow colored resin particles are used.
- the yellow toner manufacturing method and the yellow toner of the present invention will be described in order.
- the production method of colored resin particles is roughly classified into dry methods such as a pulverization method, and wet methods such as an emulsion polymerization aggregation method, a suspension polymerization method, and a dissolution suspension method.
- the wet method is preferable because it is easy to obtain a toner excellent in printing characteristics such as the property.
- a polymerization method such as an emulsion polymerization aggregation method and a suspension polymerization method is preferable because a toner having a relatively small particle size distribution on the order of microns is preferable.
- a suspension polymerization method is more preferable among polymerization methods. preferable.
- an emulsified polymerizable monomer is polymerized to obtain a resin fine particle emulsion, which is aggregated with a colorant dispersion or the like to produce colored resin particles.
- the dissolution suspension method produces droplets of a solution in which toner components such as a binder resin and a colorant are dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent in an aqueous medium, and the organic solvent is removed to produce colored resin particles.
- toner components such as a binder resin and a colorant are dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent in an aqueous medium, and the organic solvent is removed to produce colored resin particles.
- the colored resin particles used in the present invention can be produced by adopting a wet method or a dry method, but a wet method is preferred, and a particularly preferred suspension polymerization method among the wet methods is adopted. Manufactured by a simple process.
- A) Suspension polymerization method (A-1) Preparation step of polymerizable monomer composition First, a polymerizable monomer, a yellow colorant, a charge control agent and a release agent added as necessary These other additives are mixed to prepare a polymerizable monomer composition. The mixing at the time of preparing the polymerizable monomer composition is performed using, for example, a media type dispersing machine.
- the polymerizable monomer means a monomer having a polymerizable functional group, and the polymerizable monomer is polymerized to become a binder resin. It is preferable to use a monovinyl monomer as the main component of the polymerizable monomer.
- the monovinyl monomer examples include styrene; styrene derivatives such as vinyl toluene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid 2
- Acrylic esters such as ethylhexyl and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate
- methacrylic esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
- acrylonitrile And nitrile compounds such as methacrylonitrile
- amide compounds such as acrylamide and methacrylamide
- olefins such as ethylene, propylene, and butylene.
- a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer means a monomer having two or more polymerizable functional groups.
- the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer include aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, and derivatives thereof; alcohols having two or more hydroxyl groups such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate; Examples include ester compounds in which two or more carboxylic acids are ester-bonded; other divinyl compounds such as N, N-divinylaniline and divinyl ether; compounds having three or more vinyl groups.
- crosslinkable polymerizable monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer is usually used in a proportion of 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.3 to 2 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monovinyl monomer. desirable.
- the macromonomer has a polymerizable carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond at the end of the molecular chain, and is a reactive oligomer or polymer having a number average molecular weight of usually 1,000 to 30,000.
- the macromonomer is preferably one that gives a polymer having a higher Tg than the glass transition temperature of the polymer obtained by polymerizing the monovinyl monomer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Tg”).
- Tg the glass transition temperature of the polymer obtained by polymerizing the monovinyl monomer
- the macromonomer is preferably used in an amount of 0.03 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 1 part by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monovinyl monomer.
- the yellow colorant includes Compound A and Compound B.
- Compound A used in the present invention will be described in detail.
- the compound A of the present invention is a disazo compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- R 1A , R 1B , R 2A and R 2B each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a methoxy group, an amino group, a nitro group, or an acetylamide group (—NHCOCH 3 ).
- R 1A , R 1B , R 2A and R 2B are preferably each independently a methyl group, a methoxy group, an amino group, a nitro group, an acetylamide group or a primary amide group, more preferably R 1A and R 2A are methyl groups, and R 1B and R 2B are primary amide groups.
- R 1A , R 1B , R 2A , and R 2B may be attached to any carbon on the benzene ring (excluding the carbon on the benzene ring having a bond with an azo group (—N ⁇ N—)). ).
- a1 and b1 represent positive integers whose sum is 1 or more and 3 or less
- a2 and b2 represent positive integers whose sum is 1 or more and 3 or less. It is preferable that all of a1, b1, a2, and b2 are 1.
- R 3 represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom. R 3 may be attached to any carbon on the benzene ring (except for the carbon on the benzene ring having a bond with the amide group (—CO—NH—)).
- c represents an integer of 1 to 3, and is preferably 1.
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a halogen atom, alkyl group, methoxy group, amino group, nitro group, acetylamide group (—NHCOCH 3 ), acetyl group (—COCH 3 ), A methyl ester group (—COOCH 3 ) or a primary amide group (—CONH 2 ).
- R 4 and R 5 are preferably acetyl groups.
- d and e are each independently 1 or 2. It is preferable that d and e are both 1.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 214 (CAS No. 254430-12-5), and the compound represented by the formula (1B) is C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 219 (CAS No. 347174-87-2).
- Compound A used in the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples.
- tautomers of the following specific examples can also be suitably used as the compound of the present invention.
- Compound A can be a commercially available product, or can be synthesized in advance.
- a synthesis method of compound A for example, 1 equivalent of N, N′-1,4-diacetylphenylenediamine derivative represented by the following general formula (a) and 2 equivalent of benzenediazonium derivative represented by the following general formula (b) (See Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-13692).
- R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 in the general formula (a) represent the same group as R 3 , R 4 , or R 5 in the general formula (1), and c, d, and e represents the same number as c, d, or e in the general formula (1).
- R 1A ′ in the general formula (b) represents the same group as R 1A or R 2A in the general formula (1)
- R 1B ′ in the general formula (b) represents the above R 1B in the general formula (1) or The same group as R 2B is represented.
- a1 ′ in the general formula (b) represents the same number as a1 or a2 in the general formula (1)
- b1 ′ in the general formula (b) represents the same number as b1 or b2 in the general formula (1).
- the content of the compound A is 0.5 to 7.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, preferably 1.0 to 7.0 parts by mass, and more preferably 2.0 to 6 parts by mass. 0.5 parts by mass, and more preferably 3.0 to 6.0 parts by mass.
- the content of Compound A is less than 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, the hue angle becomes low and greenness does not appear. Further, when the content of the compound A exceeds 7.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, the particle size distribution of the obtained toner is deteriorated.
- compound B represented by the following formula (2) (CI Solvent Yellow 162, CAS No. 104244-10-2) is included.
- the content of Compound B is 0.5 to 8.0 parts by weight, preferably 3.0 to 7.0 parts by weight, and more preferably 4.0 to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. To 6.0 parts by mass. When the content of Compound B is less than 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, the intended saturation cannot be obtained. Moreover, when content of the compound B exceeds 8.0 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of binder resin, it is inferior to light resistance. This is because a dye such as Compound B originally has the property of fading easily by ultraviolet rays.
- the mass ratio of the content of compound A to the content of compound B is preferably 0.1 to 10.0.
- the mass ratio is less than 0.1, or when the mass ratio exceeds 10.0, there is a possibility that the greenness becomes thin or the saturation decreases.
- the mass ratio is 0.1 to 10.0, the reflection density and the saturation can be improved in a balanced manner.
- a positively or negatively chargeable charge control agent can be used to improve the chargeability of the toner.
- the charge control agent is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used as a charge control agent for toner, but among charge control agents, the compatibility with the polymerizable monomer is high, and stable chargeability. (Charge stability) can be imparted to the toner particles, and therefore a positively or negatively chargeable charge control resin is preferred. Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining a positively chargeable toner, a positively chargeable charge control resin is preferred. More preferably used.
- positively chargeable charge control agents include nigrosine dyes, quaternary ammonium salts, triaminotriphenylmethane compounds and imidazole compounds, polyamine resins as charge control resins that are preferably used, and quaternary ammonium group-containing copolymers. , And quaternary ammonium base-containing copolymers.
- Negatively chargeable charge control agents include azo dyes containing metals such as Cr, Co, Al, and Fe, salicylic acid metal compounds and alkylsalicylic acid metal compounds, and sulfonic acid group containing charge control resins that are preferably used Examples thereof include a copolymer, a sulfonate group-containing copolymer, a carboxylic acid group-containing copolymer, and a carboxylic acid group-containing copolymer.
- the charge control agent in a proportion of usually 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.03 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monovinyl monomer. If the addition amount of the charge control agent is less than 0.01 parts by mass, fog may occur. On the other hand, when the addition amount of the charge control agent exceeds 10 parts by mass, printing stains may occur.
- a molecular weight modifier when polymerizing a polymerizable monomer that is polymerized to become a binder resin.
- the molecular weight modifier is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used as a molecular weight modifier for toners.
- t-dodecyl mercaptan t-dodecyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, and 2,2, Mercaptans such as 4,6,6-pentamethylheptane-4-thiol; tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetrabutylthiuram disulfide, N, N′-dimethyl-N, N′-diphenylthiuram disulfide, N, And thiuram disulfides such as N′-dioctadecyl-N, N′-diisopropylthiuram disulfide;
- molecular weight modifiers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the present invention, it is desirable to use the molecular weight adjusting agent in a proportion of usually 0.01 to 10 parts by mass,
- a release agent as another additive.
- a release agent By adding a release agent, the releasability of the toner from the fixing roll during fixing can be improved.
- Any releasing agent can be used without particular limitation as long as it is generally used as a releasing agent for toner.
- low molecular weight polyolefin wax and modified wax thereof; plant natural wax such as jojoba; petroleum wax such as paraffin; mineral wax such as ozokerite; synthetic wax such as Fischer-Tropsch wax; polyhydric alcohol such as dipentaerythritol ester Ester; etc. are mentioned.
- a polyhydric alcohol ester is preferable because the storage stability of the toner and the low-temperature fixability can be balanced. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the release agent is preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monovinyl monomer.
- A-2 Suspension step for obtaining a suspension (droplet formation step)
- a polymerizable monomer composition containing a polymerizable monomer and a yellow colorant is dispersed in an aqueous medium containing a dispersion stabilizer, a polymerization initiator is added, and then the polymerizable monomer composition is added.
- the method of forming droplets is not particularly limited, but, for example, (in-line type) emulsifying disperser (trade name: Milder, manufactured by Taihei Koki Co., Ltd.), high-speed emulsifying disperser (product name: TK Homomixer, manufactured by Primix). (MARK II type) and the like capable of strong stirring.
- persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate: 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid), 2,2′-azobis (2-methyl-N- (2- Hydroxyethyl) propionamide), 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile Azo compounds such as: di-t-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-hexylperoxy-2-ethylbutanoate, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di- Organic peroxides such as -t-butylperoxyisophthalate and t-butylperoxyisobutyrate It is. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- peroxyesters are preferred because of the high initiator efficiency and the remaining polymerizable monomer can be reduced.
- Non-aromatic peroxyesters that is, peroxyesters having no aromatic ring Is more preferable.
- the polymerization initiator may be added before the droplet formation after the polymerizable monomer composition is dispersed in the aqueous medium. However, the polymerization initiator is not dispersed in the aqueous medium. It may be added to the monomer composition.
- the addition amount of the polymerization initiator used for the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer composition is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 100 parts by mass of the monovinyl monomer. Is 15 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass.
- the aqueous medium refers to a medium containing water as a main component.
- the aqueous medium preferably contains a dispersion stabilizer.
- the dispersion stabilizer include sulfates such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate; carbonates such as barium carbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate; phosphates such as calcium phosphate; metals such as aluminum oxide and titanium oxide. Oxides; metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and ferric hydroxide; inorganic compounds such as; water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, and gelatin; anionic surfactants; Organic compounds such as nonionic surfactants; amphoteric surfactants;
- the said dispersion stabilizer can be used 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- inorganic compounds particularly colloids of poorly water-soluble metal hydroxides are preferred.
- a colloid of an inorganic compound, particularly a poorly water-soluble metal hydroxide the particle size distribution of the colored resin particles can be narrowed, and the residual amount of the dispersion stabilizer after washing can be reduced.
- the polymerized toner can reproduce an image clearly and does not deteriorate environmental stability.
- (A-3) Polymerization step As in (A-2) above, droplet formation is performed, the aqueous dispersion medium obtained is heated, polymerization is initiated, and water dispersion of colored resin particles containing a yellow colorant is performed. Form a liquid.
- the polymerization temperature of the polymerizable monomer composition is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 to 95 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction time is preferably 1 to 20 hours, and more preferably 2 to 15 hours.
- the colored resin particles may be used as polymerized toners as they are or with the addition of an external additive. However, the colored resin particles are obtained by using the colored resin particles as a core layer and forming a shell layer different from the core layer on the outside.
- the so-called core-shell type (or “capsule type”) colored resin particles are preferable.
- the core-shell type colored resin particles balance the reduction of the fixing temperature and the prevention of aggregation during storage by coating the core layer made of a material having a low softening point with a material having a higher softening point. be able to.
- the method for producing core-shell type colored resin particles using the colored resin particles described above is not particularly limited, and can be produced by a conventionally known method.
- An in situ polymerization method and a phase separation method are preferable from the viewpoint of production efficiency.
- a method for producing core-shell type colored resin particles by in situ polymerization will be described below. Addition of a polymerizable monomer (polymerizable monomer for shell) and a polymerization initiator to form a shell layer into an aqueous medium in which colored resin particles are dispersed, and then polymerize to form a core-shell type color. Resin particles can be obtained.
- the same monomers as the aforementioned polymerizable monomers can be used.
- monomers such as styrene, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate, which can obtain a polymer having a Tg exceeding 80 ° C., alone or in combination of two or more.
- polymerization initiator used for polymerization of the polymerizable monomer for shell examples include persulfate metal salts such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate; 2,2′-azobis (2-methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) Water-soluble such as azo initiators such as) propionamide) and 2,2′-azobis- (2-methyl-N- (1,1-bis (hydroxymethyl) 2-hydroxyethyl) propionamide); A polymerization initiator can be mentioned. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer for shell.
- the polymerization temperature of the shell layer is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 to 95 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction time is preferably 1 to 20 hours, and more preferably 2 to 15 hours.
- the dispersion stabilizer when an inorganic compound is used as the dispersion stabilizer, the dispersion stabilizer can be dissolved in water and removed by adding an acid or alkali to the aqueous dispersion of colored resin particles. preferable.
- a colloid of a poorly water-soluble inorganic hydroxide is used as the dispersion stabilizer, it is preferable to adjust the pH of the colored resin particle aqueous dispersion to 6.5 or less by adding an acid.
- the acid to be added inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid, and organic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid can be used. Sulfuric acid is preferred.
- dehydration and filtration methods there are no particular limitations on the dehydration and filtration methods, and various known methods can be used. Examples thereof include a centrifugal filtration method, a vacuum filtration method, and a pressure filtration method. Also, the drying method is not particularly limited, and various methods can be used.
- (B) Pulverization method When the pulverization method is used to produce colored resin particles, the following process is performed. First, a binder resin, a yellow colorant, and other additives such as a charge control agent and a release agent that are added as necessary are mixed in a mixer such as a ball mill, a V-type mixer, an FM mixer (trade name). ), Mix using a high-speed dissolver, internal mixer, Fallberg, etc. Next, the mixture obtained as described above is kneaded while being heated using a pressure kneader, a twin-screw extrusion kneader, a roller or the like.
- a mixer such as a ball mill, a V-type mixer, an FM mixer (trade name).
- Mix using a high-speed dissolver Internal mixer, Fallberg, etc.
- the mixture obtained as described above is kneaded while being heated using a pressure kneader, a twin-screw extrusion kneader, a
- the obtained kneaded material is coarsely pulverized using a pulverizer such as a hammer mill, a cutter mill, or a roller mill. Furthermore, after finely pulverizing using a pulverizer such as a jet mill or a high-speed rotary pulverizer, it is classified into a desired particle size by a classifier such as an air classifier or an airflow classifier, and colored resin particles obtained by a pulverization method. Get.
- the binder resin used in the pulverization method, the yellow colorant, and other additives such as a charge control agent and a release agent added as necessary are those mentioned in the above (A) suspension polymerization method. Can be used. Further, the colored resin particles obtained by the pulverization method can be made into core-shell type colored resin particles by a method such as an in situ polymerization method, similarly to the colored resin particles obtained by the suspension polymerization method (A) described above.
- binder resin other resins that have been widely used for toners can be used.
- specific examples of the binder resin used in the pulverization method include polystyrene, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, polyester resin, and epoxy resin.
- Colored resin particles containing a yellow colorant are obtained by the production method such as the above-described (A) suspension polymerization method or (B) pulverization method.
- A) suspension polymerization method or (B) pulverization method the colored resin particles constituting the toner will be described.
- the colored resin particles described below include both core-shell type and non-core type.
- the volume average particle diameter (Dv) of the colored resin particles is preferably 3 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 to 12 ⁇ m.
- Dv volume average particle diameter
- the volume average particle diameter (Dv) of the colored resin particles is preferably 3 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 to 12 ⁇ m.
- Dv is less than 3 ⁇ m, the fluidity of the polymerized toner is lowered, and transferability may be deteriorated or the image density may be lowered.
- Dv exceeds 15 ⁇ m the resolution of the image may decrease.
- the ratio (Dv / Dn) of the volume average particle diameter (Dv) to the number average particle diameter (Dn) of the colored resin particles is preferably 1.0 to 1.3, and more preferably 1. 0 to 1.2. If Dv / Dn exceeds 1.3, transferability, image density, and resolution may decrease.
- the volume average particle diameter and the number average particle diameter of the colored resin particles can be measured using, for example, a particle size analyzer (trade name: Multisizer, manufactured by Beckman Coulter).
- the average circularity of the colored resin particles of the present invention is preferably 0.96 to 1.00, more preferably 0.97 to 1.00, and more preferably 0.98 to 1.00 from the viewpoint of image reproducibility. More preferably, it is 1.00.
- the average circularity of the colored resin particles is less than 0.96, the fine line reproducibility of printing may be deteriorated.
- the colored resin particles containing the yellow colorant can be used as they are, but from the viewpoint of adjusting the chargeability, fluidity, storage stability, etc. of the toner, the colored resin particles are used.
- the external additive may be mixed and stirred together with the external additive to carry out the external addition treatment, thereby attaching the external additive to the surface of the colored resin particles to form a one-component toner.
- the one-component toner may be further mixed and stirred together with carrier particles to form a two-component developer.
- the stirrer that performs the external addition treatment is not particularly limited as long as the stirrer can attach the external additive to the surface of the colored resin particles.
- an FM mixer (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Coke Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Super Mixer (: trade name, manufactured by Kawada Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), Q mixer (: trade name, manufactured by Nihon Coke Kogyo Co., Ltd.), mechano-fusion system (: trade name, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron), and mechano mill (: trade name, manufactured by Okada Seiko Co., Ltd.)
- the external addition treatment can be performed using a stirrer capable of mixing and stirring.
- the external additive examples include inorganic fine particles composed of silica, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and / or cerium oxide; polymethyl methacrylate resin, silicone resin, and / or melamine Organic fine particles made of a resin or the like; Among these, inorganic fine particles are preferable, and among inorganic fine particles, silica and / or titanium oxide are preferable, and fine particles made of silica are particularly preferable. In addition, although these external additives can also be used individually, respectively, it is preferable to use 2 or more types together.
- the external additive it is desirable to use the external additive at a ratio of usually 0.05 to 6 parts by mass, preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the colored resin particles.
- a ratio of usually 0.05 to 6 parts by mass preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the colored resin particles.
- the added amount of the external additive is less than 0.05 parts by mass, a transfer residue may occur. If the amount of the external additive exceeds 6 parts by mass, fog may occur.
- Toner according to the present invention is a combination of Compound A and Compound B as a yellow colorant. Is a yellow toner capable of widening the color gamut by increasing the greenness compared to the prior art.
- aqueous dispersion medium Preparation of aqueous dispersion medium: On the other hand, to an aqueous solution in which 10.4 parts of magnesium chloride was dissolved in 280 parts of ion-exchanged water, an aqueous solution in which 7.3 parts of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in 50 parts of ion-exchanged water was gradually added with stirring. A magnesium colloidal dispersion was prepared.
- Preparation of polymerizable monomer for shell On the other hand, 2 parts of methyl methacrylate and 130 parts of water were finely dispersed with an ultrasonic emulsifier to prepare an aqueous dispersion of a polymerizable monomer for shell.
- Granulation process The polymerizable monomer composition is charged into the magnesium hydroxide colloid dispersion (magnesium hydroxide colloid amount 5.3 parts), further stirred, and t-butylperoxy-2 as a polymerization initiator. 6 parts of ethyl hexanoate were added. The dispersion added with the polymerization initiator is dispersed at an in-line type emulsion disperser (trade name: Milder, manufactured by Taihei Koki Co., Ltd.) at a rotational speed of 15,000 rpm, and droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition are obtained. Formed.
- in-line type emulsion disperser trade name: Milder, manufactured by Taihei Koki Co., Ltd.
- Suspension polymerization process A dispersion containing droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition was placed in a reactor, and the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. to conduct a polymerization reaction. After the polymerization conversion rate reaches almost 100%, 2,2′-azobis [2-methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) as a shell polymerization initiator is added to the aqueous dispersion of the shell polymerizable monomer. -Propionamide] (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name: VA-086, water-soluble initiator) 0.1 parts dissolved was added to the reactor. Subsequently, after maintaining at 95 degreeC for 4 hours and continuing superposition
- Post-processing process While stirring the aqueous dispersion of colored resin particles, sulfuric acid was added until the pH became 4.5 or less, and acid washing was performed (at 25 ° C. for 10 minutes). Then, the colored resin particles separated by filtration were washed with water. Wash and wash water was filtered. The electrical conductivity of the filtrate at this time was 20 ⁇ S / cm. Further, the colored resin particles after the washing / filtration step were dehydrated and dried to obtain dried colored resin particles (1).
- the volume average particle diameter (Dv) and the number average particle diameter (Dn) of the colored resin particles were measured under the conditions of 100 ⁇ m, medium; Isoton II, measured particle number; 100,000 particles, and the particle size distribution (Dv / Dn) was calculated.
- Example 1 To 100 parts of colored resin particles (1), 0.6 part of silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 7 nm hydrophobized and 1 part of silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 35 nm hydrophobized are added, and a high-speed stirrer (Nippon Coke) is added.
- the yellow toner of Example 1 was prepared by mixing using an industrial company, trade name: FM mixer.
- Example 2 to 3 Comparative Examples 1 to 3
- Example 2 to 3 were the same as Example 1 except that the colored resin particles (1) were changed to any of the colored resin particles (2) to (6). Also, yellow toners of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were obtained.
- Solid printing (100% image density) is performed on the 10th copy sheet, and the image density, lightness (L *), color coordinates (a *, b *), chrominance are measured using a Macbeth reflection type image density measuring machine.
- the degree (C *) was measured. It is known that as the absolute value or hue angle of a * increases, the secondary color green develops and the hue increases green.
- the yellow toner of Comparative Example 1 is compound B (CI Solvent Yellow 162) and C.I. I. This is a toner used in combination with Pigment Yellow 93.
- the saturation C * is as low as 83.9, the absolute value of a * is as small as 10.2, and the hue angle is as small as 97.0 °. Therefore, instead of compound A, C.I. I.
- Pigment Yellow 93 is used and the amount of toner on the paper surface is less than 0.3 mg / cm 2 , it can be seen that the color is dull and the green color in the hue is poor.
- the yellow toner of Comparative Example 2 is compound B (CI Solvent Yellow 162) and C.I. I. This toner is used in combination with Pigment Yellow 155. Since Comparative Example 2 has a saturation C * of 88.7, there is no problem in terms of vividness. However, in Comparative Example 2, the absolute value of a * is as small as 9.2 and the hue angle is as small as 96.0 °. The absolute value and hue angle of a * are the smallest among the toners evaluated this time. Therefore, instead of compound A, C.I. I. It can be seen that when Pigment Yellow 155 is used and the toner on the paper surface is 0.3 mg / cm 2 , which is less than the conventional one, the greenness in the hue is particularly poor.
- the yellow toner of Comparative Example 3 is a toner using 8.0 parts by mass of only Compound A as a yellow colorant with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.
- Comparative Example 3 had a large volume average particle size (Dv) of 12.9 ⁇ m and a particle size distribution (Dv / Dn) of 1.37, and thus a toner having a wide particle size distribution. From these results, it can be seen that when the amount of Compound A added exceeds 7.5 parts, the particle size of the resulting toner increases overall and the particle size of the toner particles becomes uneven.
- Comparative Example 3 since the hue angle is 98.9 °, there is no problem in terms of greenness in the hue. However, Comparative Example 3 has a low saturation C * of 70.5.
- This saturation C * is the lowest among the toners evaluated this time. Therefore, it can be seen that when the compound A is used alone as the yellow colorant and the toner on the paper surface is 0.3 mg / cm 2 , which is less than the conventional one, the color is particularly dull.
- the yellow toners of Examples 1 to 3 Compound A is 2.0 to 4.5 parts by mass and Compound B is 3.0 to 5.0 parts by mass as a yellow colorant with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. Each toner includes a part.
- the volume average particle size (Dv) is as small as 5.3 to 5.8 ⁇ m, and the particle size distribution (Dv / Dn) is as narrow as 1.17 to 1.22. Therefore, it can be seen that the toners of Examples 1 to 3 have a desired particle size and a narrow particle size distribution.
- the saturation C * is as high as 84.4 or more
- the absolute value of a * is as large as 11.0 or more
- the hue angle is as large as 97.4 ° or more. Therefore, the yellow of Examples 1 to 3 containing 0.5 to 7.5 parts by mass of Compound A and 0.5 to 8.0 parts by mass of Compound B as yellow colorants with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. It can be seen that even when the toner on the paper surface is 0.3 mg / cm 2 less than the conventional toner, the toner exhibits a clearer color than before and the hue is greener than before.
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Abstract
Description
このような画像形成装置において、デジタルフルカラー複写機やデジタルフルカラープリンターが実用化されてきている。デジタルフルカラー複写機は、カラー画像原稿を、ブルー、グリーン及びレッドの各フィルターで色分解した後、オリジナルのカラー原稿に対応した20~70μmのドット径からなる静電潜像を、イエロー、マゼンタ、シアン及びブラックの各トナーを用いて現像し、減色混合作用を利用してフルカラー画像を形成する。
従来イエロートナー用の着色顔料としては、C.I.ピグメントイエロー12、13及び17等に代表されるようなジスアゾ系顔料、C.I.ピグメントイエロー74、97及び98等に代表されるようなモノアゾ系顔料等の使用が一般的である。
特許文献1には、C.I.ピグメントイエロー74と、C.I.ソルベントイエロー162とを含有するイエロートナーが開示されている。特許文献1には、これらの着色剤を含有することにより、C.I.ピグメントイエロー74を単独でトナーに含有させた場合の良好な色味と、C.I.ソルベントイエロー162の高い着色力が得られるとの記載がある。
一方、特許文献2には、着色剤としてC.I.ピグメントイエロー155及びC.I.ソルベントイエロー162を特定の割合で含有するイエロートナーが開示されている。特許文献2には、これらの着色剤を特定の割合で含有することによって、C.I.ソルベントイエロー162の結着樹脂への優れた相溶性の効果により、C.I.ピグメントイエロー155の分散性を更に高めることが可能となり、より安定した帯電特性や良好な透明性が得られるとの記載がある。
また、特許文献3には、C.I.ピグメントイエロー93等の縮合アゾ顔料等と、C.I.ソルベントイエロー162とを含有するイエロートナーが開示されている。特許文献3には、C.I.ソルベントイエロー162を用いることにより、C.I.ピグメントイエロー93等の縮合アゾ顔料の凝集を抑制でき、縮合アゾ顔料の分散性を高めることが可能となり、より均一な摩擦帯電が得られるとの記載がある。
ところで、染料は、顔料と異なり、溶剤に可溶であり、かつ光に弱いという性質を有する。したがって、染料と顔料とを組み合わせる際、染料の含有割合が多すぎる場合には、耐光性が低下するという問題がある。したがって、染料と顔料の含有割合には、自ずと制限がある。
また、画像形成装置の小型化や、省エネルギー化の観点から、印刷時のトナー消費量の削減が望まれている。しかし、より少ないトナー量で印刷すると、彩度が低下し、色域が狭くなる問題がある。特許文献1~3に記載の染料を使用したトナーも、トナー量が少ない場合、十分に広い色域を確保できない。
R3はハロゲン原子を表し、
R4及びR5は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、メトキシ基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、アセチルアミド基(-NHCOCH3)、アセチル基(-COCH3)、メチルエステル基(-COOCH3)又は1級アミド基(-CONH2)を表し、
a1及びb1はその和が1以上3以下となるような正の整数を表し、
a2及びb2はその和が1以上3以下となるような正の整数を表し、
cは1以上3以下の整数を表し、
d及びeは、それぞれ独立して、1又は2である。〕
一般に、着色樹脂粒子の製造方法は、粉砕法等の乾式法、並びに乳化重合凝集法、懸濁重合法、及び溶解懸濁法等の湿式法に大別され、画像再現性等の印字特性に優れたトナーが得られ易いことから湿式法が好ましい。湿式法の中でも、ミクロンオーダーで比較的小さい粒径分布を持つトナーを得やすいことから、乳化重合凝集法、及び懸濁重合法等の重合法が好ましく、重合法の中でも懸濁重合法がより好ましい。
(A-1)重合性単量体組成物の調製工程
まず、重合性単量体、イエロー着色剤、さらに必要に応じて添加される帯電制御剤及び離型剤等のその他の添加物を混合し、重合性単量体組成物の調製を行う。重合性単量体組成物を調製する際の混合には、例えば、メディア式分散機を用いて行う。
本発明では、架橋性の重合性単量体を、モノビニル単量体100質量部に対して、通常、0.1~5質量部、好ましくは0.3~2質量部の割合で用いることが望ましい。
以下、本発明に使用する化合物Aについて詳述する。
本発明の化合物Aは、下記一般式(1)で表されるジスアゾ化合物である。
R1A、R1B、R2A、及びR2Bは、ベンゼン環上のどの炭素に付加していてもよい(ただし、アゾ基(-N=N-)と結合を有するベンゼン環上の炭素を除く)。
前記一般式(1)中、a1及びb1はその和が1以上3以下となるような正の整数を表し、a2及びb2はその和が1以上3以下となるような正の整数を表す。a1、b1、a2、及びb2は、いずれも1であることが好ましい。
前記一般式(1)中、cは1~3の整数を表し、好ましくは1である。
前記一般式(1)中、d及びeは、それぞれ独立して、1又は2である。d及びeはいずれも1であることが好ましい。
本発明に使用される化合物Aは、下記具体例のみに限定されるものではない。また、下記具体例の互変異性体も本発明の化合物として好適に用いることができる。
化合物Aの合成法としては、例えば、下記一般式(a)で示されるN,N’-1,4-ジアセチルフェニレンジアミン誘導体1当量と、下記一般式(b)で示されるベンゼンジアゾニウム誘導体2当量とをカップリングさせる方法が挙げられる(特公昭48-13692号公報参照)。
当該質量比が0.1未満である場合や、当該質量比が10.0を超える場合には、緑味が薄くなったり、彩度が低下したりするおそれがある。質量比(化合物A/化合物B)が0.1~10.0であることにより、反射濃度及び彩度をバランスよく向上させることができる。
帯電制御剤としては、一般にトナー用の帯電制御剤として用いられているものであれば、特に限定されないが、帯電制御剤の中でも、重合性単量体との相溶性が高く、安定した帯電性(帯電安定性)をトナー粒子に付与させることができることから、正帯電性又は負帯電性の帯電制御樹脂が好ましく、さらに、正帯電性トナーを得る観点からは、正帯電性の帯電制御樹脂がより好ましく用いられる。
正帯電性の帯電制御剤としては、ニグロシン染料、4級アンモニウム塩、トリアミノトリフェニルメタン化合物及びイミダゾール化合物、並びに、好ましく用いられる帯電制御樹脂としてのポリアミン樹脂、並びに4級アンモニウム基含有共重合体、及び4級アンモニウム塩基含有共重合体等が挙げられる。
負帯電性の帯電制御剤としては、Cr、Co、Al、及びFe等の金属を含有するアゾ染料、サリチル酸金属化合物及びアルキルサリチル酸金属化合物、並びに、好ましく用いられる帯電制御樹脂としてのスルホン酸基含有共重合体、スルホン酸塩基含有共重合体、カルボン酸基含有共重合体及びカルボン酸塩基含有共重合体等が挙げられる。
本発明では、帯電制御剤を、モノビニル単量体100質量部に対して、通常、0.01~10質量部、好ましくは0.03~8質量部の割合で用いることが望ましい。帯電制御剤の添加量が、0.01質量部未満の場合にはカブリが発生することがある。一方、帯電制御剤の添加量が10質量部を超える場合には印字汚れが発生することがある。
分子量調整剤としては、一般にトナー用の分子量調整剤として用いられているものであれば、特に限定されず、例えば、t-ドデシルメルカプタン、n-ドデシルメルカプタン、n-オクチルメルカプタン、及び2,2,4,6,6-ペンタメチルヘプタン-4-チオール等のメルカプタン類;テトラメチルチウラムジスルフィド、テトラエチルチウラムジスルフィド、テトラブチルチウラムジスルフィド、N,N’-ジメチル-N,N’-ジフェニルチウラムジスルフィド、N,N’-ジオクタデシル-N,N’-ジイソプロピルチウラムジスルフィド等のチウラムジスルフィド類;等が挙げられる。これらの分子量調整剤は、それぞれ単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明では、分子量調整剤を、モノビニル単量体100質量部に対して、通常0.01~10質量部、好ましくは0.1~5質量部の割合で用いることが望ましい。
上記離型剤は、モノビニル単量体100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.1~30質量部用いられ、更に好ましくは1~20質量部用いられる。
本発明では、重合性単量体とイエロー着色剤を含む重合性単量体組成物を、分散安定剤を含む水系媒体中に分散させ、重合開始剤を添加した後、重合性単量体組成物の液滴形成を行う。液滴形成の方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、(インライン型)乳化分散機(大平洋機工社製、商品名:マイルダー)、高速乳化分散機(プライミクス社製、商品名:T.K.ホモミクサー MARK II型)等の強攪拌が可能な装置を用いて行う。
上記(A-2)のようにして、液滴形成を行い、得られた水系分散媒体を加熱し、重合を開始し、イエロー着色剤を含む着色樹脂粒子の水分散液を形成する。
重合性単量体組成物の重合温度は、好ましくは50℃以上であり、更に好ましくは60~95℃である。また、重合の反応時間は好ましくは1~20時間であり、更に好ましくは2~15時間である。
着色樹脂粒子が分散している水系媒体中に、シェル層を形成するための重合性単量体(シェル用重合性単量体)と重合開始剤を添加し、重合することでコアシェル型の着色樹脂粒子を得ることができる。
重合により得られた着色樹脂粒子の水分散液は、重合終了後に、常法に従い、ろ過、分散安定化剤の除去を行う洗浄、脱水、及び乾燥の操作が、必要に応じて数回繰り返されることが好ましい。
粉砕法を採用して着色樹脂粒子を製造する場合、以下のようなプロセスにより行われる。
先ず、結着樹脂、イエロー着色剤、さらに必要に応じて添加される帯電制御剤及び離型剤等のその他の添加物を混合機、例えば、ボールミル、V型混合機、FMミキサー(:商品名)、高速ディゾルバ、インターナルミキサー、フォールバーグ等を用いて混合する。
次に、上記により得られた混合物を、加圧ニーダー、二軸押出混練機、ローラ等を用いて加熱しながら混練する。得られた混練物を、ハンマーミル、カッターミル、ローラミル等の粉砕機を用いて、粗粉砕する。更に、ジェットミル、高速回転式粉砕機等の粉砕機を用いて微粉砕した後、風力分級機、気流式分級機等の分級機により、所望の粒径に分級して粉砕法による着色樹脂粒子を得る。
上述の(A)懸濁重合法、又は(B)粉砕法等の製造方法により、イエロー着色剤を含有する着色樹脂粒子が得られる。
以下、トナーを構成する着色樹脂粒子について述べる。なお、以下で述べる着色樹脂粒子は、コアシェル型のものとそうでないもの両方を含む。
上記着色樹脂粒子の平均円形度が0.96未満の場合、印字の細線再現性が悪くなるおそれがある。
なお、1成分トナーは、さらにキャリア粒子と共に混合攪拌して2成分現像剤としてもよい。
なお、これらの外添剤は、それぞれ単独で用いることもできるが、2種以上を併用して用いることが好ましい。
上記工程を経て得られる本発明のトナーは、イエロー着色剤として、化合物A及び化合物Bを組み合わせて使用することにより、少ないトナー量で、従来よりも鮮明な色彩を呈し、かつ色相が従来よりも緑味を増すことにより、色域を広くすることのできるイエロートナーである。
<着色樹脂粒子(1)>
1-1.コア用重合性単量体組成物の調製:
スチレン75部及びn-ブチルアクリレート25部、ポリメタクリル酸エステルマクロモノマー(東亜合成化学工業社製、商品名:AA6、Tg=94℃)0.1部、ジビニルベンゼン0.7部、テトラエチルチウラムジスルフィド1.0部、及びイエロー着色剤としてC.I.ピグメントイエロー214(下記式(1A)、CAS No.254430-12-5、クラリアント社製、商品名:PV FAST YELLOW H9G VP2430)4.5部とC.I.ソルベントイエロー162(BASF社製、商品名:NEPTUN YELLOW 075)3.0部を、メディア式分散機(浅田鉄工社製、商品名:ピコミル)を用いて湿式粉砕した。湿式粉砕により得られた混合物に、帯電制御樹脂(藤倉化成社製、商品名:アクリベース FCA-161P)1.2部とエステルワックス(日油社製、商品名:WEP7)10部を添加し、混合、溶解して、重合性単量体組成物を調製した。
他方、イオン交換水280部に塩化マグネシウム10.4部を溶解した水溶液に、イオン交換水50部に水酸化ナトリウム7.3部を溶解した水溶液を、攪拌下で徐々に添加して、水酸化マグネシウムコロイド分散液を調製した。
一方、メチルメタクリレート2部と水130部を超音波乳化機にて微分散化処理して、シェル用重合性単量体の水分散液を調製した。
上記水酸化マグネシウムコロイド分散液(水酸化マグネシウムコロイド量5.3部)に、上記重合性単量体組成物を投入し、さらに攪拌して、そこへ重合開始剤としてt-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート6部を添加した。重合開始剤を添加した分散液を、インライン型乳化分散機(大平洋機工社製、商品名:マイルダー)により、回転数15,000rpmにて分散を行い、重合性単量体組成物の液滴を形成した。
重合性単量体組成物の液滴を含有する分散液を、反応器に入れ、90℃に昇温して重合反応を行った。重合転化率がほぼ100%に達した後、前記シェル用重合性単量体の水分散液にシェル用重合開始剤として2,2’-アゾビス〔2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-プロピオンアミド〕(和光純薬社製、商品名:VA-086、水溶性開始剤)0.1部を溶解したものを反応器に添加した。次いで、95℃で4時間維持して、重合を更に継続した後、水冷して反応を停止し、コアシェル型着色樹脂粒子の水分散液を得た。
着色樹脂粒子の水分散液を攪拌しながら、pHが4.5以下となるまで硫酸を添加して酸洗浄を行った後(25℃、10分間)、濾別した着色樹脂粒子を、水で洗浄し、洗浄水をろ過した。この際の濾液の電気伝導度は、20μS/cmであった。さらに洗浄・ろ過工程後の着色樹脂粒子を脱水・乾燥し、乾燥した着色樹脂粒子(1)を得た。
上記「コア用重合性単量体組成物の調製」において、C.I.ソルベントイエロー162の添加量を3.0部から4.5部に変更したこと以外は、着色樹脂粒子(1)の製造方法と同様にして、着色樹脂粒子(2)を得た。
上記「コア用重合性単量体組成物の調製」において、C.I.ピグメントイエロー214の添加量を4.5部から2.0部に変更し、かつC.I.ソルベントイエロー162の添加量を3.0部から5.0部に変更したこと以外は、着色樹脂粒子(1)の製造方法と同様にして、着色樹脂粒子(3)を得た。
上記「コア用重合性単量体組成物の調製」において、C.I.ピグメントイエロー214 4.5部を、C.I.ピグメントイエロー93(下記式(X)、CAS No.5580-57-4、BASF社製、商品名:CROMOPHTAL YELLOW 3G)4.5部に変更したこと以外は、着色樹脂粒子(1)の製造方法と同様にして、着色樹脂粒子(4)を得た。
上記「コア用重合性単量体組成物の調製」において、C.I.ピグメントイエロー214 4.5部を、C.I.ピグメントイエロー155(下記式(Y)、CAS No.68516-73-4、クラリアント社製、商品名:TONER YELLOW 3GP)4.5部に変更したこと以外は、着色樹脂粒子(1)の製造方法と同様にして、着色樹脂粒子(5)を得た。
上記「コア用重合性単量体組成物の調製」において、C.I.ピグメントイエロー214の添加量を4.5部から8.0部に変更し、かつC.I.ソルベントイエロー162 3.0部を使用しなかったこと以外は、着色樹脂粒子(1)の製造方法と同様にして、着色樹脂粒子(6)を得た。
着色樹脂粒子(1)~(6)について、体積平均粒径(Dv)の測定及び粒径分布(Dv/Dn)の算出を行った。
測定試料(着色樹脂粒子)を約0.1g秤量し、ビーカーに取り、分散剤としてアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸水溶液(富士フイルム社製、商品名:ドライウエル)0.1mLを加えた。そのビーカーへ、更にアイソトンIIを10~30mL加え、20Wの超音波分散機で3分間分散させた後、粒径測定機(ベックマン・コールター社製、商品名:マルチサイザー)を用いて、アパーチャー径;100μm、媒体;アイソトンII、測定粒子個数;100,000個の条件下で、着色樹脂粒子の体積平均粒径(Dv)、及び個数平均粒径(Dn)を測定し、粒径分布(Dv/Dn)を算出した。
上記着色樹脂粒子(1)~(6)に外添処理を施して、実施例1~3、及び比較例1~3のイエロートナーを製造した。
着色樹脂粒子(1)100部に、疎水化処理した平均粒径7nmのシリカ微粒子0.6部と、疎水化処理した平均粒径35nmのシリカ微粒子1部とを添加し、高速攪拌機(日本コークス工業社製、商品名:FMミキサー)を用いて混合し、実施例1のイエロートナーを調製した。
下記表1に示す通り、着色樹脂粒子(1)を着色樹脂粒子(2)~(6)のいずれかに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2~実施例3、及び比較例1~比較例3のイエロートナーを得た。
実施例1~3、及び比較例1~3のイエロートナーについて、画像濃度、明度(L*)、色座標(a*、b*)、彩度(C*)の測定を行った。
市販の非磁性一成分現像方式のカラープリンター(印字速度=20枚/分)を用い、現像装置のトナーカートリッジに、イエロートナー試料を充填した後、印字用紙をセットし、温度23℃及び相対湿度50%(N/N)の環境下で一昼夜放置した。その後、ベタ印字時に現像ロール上に供給されるトナー量が0.3mg/cm2となる一点に固定して、5%画像濃度で連続印字を行った。10枚目のコピー用紙にベタ印字(100%画像濃度)を行い、マクベス式反射型画像濃度測定機を用いて、画像濃度、明度(L*)、色座標(a*、b*)、彩度(C*)を測定した。
なお、a*の絶対値や色相角が大きくなればなるほど、2次色緑が発色し、色相が緑味を増すことが知られている。
なお、下記表1中、「PY214」はC.I.ピグメントイエロー214を、「SY162」はC.I.ソルベントイエロー162を、「PY93」はC.I.ピグメントイエロー93を、「PY155」はC.I.ピグメントイエロー155をそれぞれ示す。
比較例1のイエロートナーは、化合物B(C.I.ソルベントイエロー162)とC.I.ピグメントイエロー93とを組み合わせて用いたトナーである。比較例1は、彩度C*が83.9と低く、また、a*の絶対値が10.2と小さく、色相角が97.0°と小さい。したがって、化合物Aの替わりにC.I.ピグメントイエロー93を使用し、かつ紙面上トナーが0.3mg/cm2と従来よりも少ない場合には、色彩がくすみ、かつ色相中の緑味に乏しいことが分かる。
また、比較例3は、色相角が98.9°であるため、色相中の緑味の点では問題はない。しかし、比較例3は、彩度C*が70.5と低い。この彩度C*は、今回評価したトナー中最も低い。したがって、イエロー着色剤として化合物Aを単独で使用し、かつ紙面上トナーが0.3mg/cm2と従来よりも少ない場合には、色彩が特にくすむことが分かる。
また、実施例1~3は、彩度C*が84.4以上と高く、また、a*の絶対値が11.0以上と大きく、色相角が97.4°以上と大きい。したがって、結着樹脂100質量部に対し、イエロー着色剤として、化合物Aを0.5~7.5質量部、化合物Bを0.5~8.0質量部それぞれ含む実施例1~3のイエロートナーは、紙面上トナーが0.3mg/cm2と従来よりも少ない場合であっても、従来よりも鮮明な色彩を呈し、かつ色相が従来よりも緑味を増すことが分かる。
Claims (2)
- 結着樹脂及びイエロー着色剤を含有するイエロートナーであって、
前記イエロー着色剤として、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物A、及び下記式(2)で表される化合物Bを含み、
前記結着樹脂100質量部に対して、前記化合物Aの含有量が0.5~7.5質量部であり、前記化合物Bの含有量が0.5~8.0質量部であることを特徴とするイエロートナー。
R3はハロゲン原子を表し、
R4及びR5は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、メトキシ基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、アセチルアミド基(-NHCOCH3)、アセチル基(-COCH3)、メチルエステル基(-COOCH3)又は1級アミド基(-CONH2)を表し、
a1及びb1はその和が1以上3以下となるような正の整数を表し、
a2及びb2はその和が1以上3以下となるような正の整数を表し、
cは1以上3以下の整数を表し、
d及びeは、それぞれ独立して、1又は2である。〕
- 前記化合物Bの含有量に対する前記化合物Aの含有量の質量比(化合物A/化合物B)が0.1~10.0であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のイエロートナー。
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