WO2016131169A1 - 一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线及其应用 - Google Patents

一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016131169A1
WO2016131169A1 PCT/CN2015/073172 CN2015073172W WO2016131169A1 WO 2016131169 A1 WO2016131169 A1 WO 2016131169A1 CN 2015073172 W CN2015073172 W CN 2015073172W WO 2016131169 A1 WO2016131169 A1 WO 2016131169A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnesium alloy
pickling
acid
unit
drum
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/073172
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谭何易
唐伦圆
Original Assignee
谭何易
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 谭何易 filed Critical 谭何易
Priority to CN201580075865.7A priority Critical patent/CN107406992B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2015/073172 priority patent/WO2016131169A1/zh
Publication of WO2016131169A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016131169A1/zh
Priority to US15/676,992 priority patent/US20180010254A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
    • B08B15/02—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area using chambers or hoods covering the area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B3/022—Cleaning travelling work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/045—Cleaning involving contact with liquid using perforated containers, e.g. baskets, or racks immersed and agitated in a liquid bath
    • B08B3/047—Containers specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/22—Obtaining magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006—Wet processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/12—Light metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/36—Regeneration of waste pickling liquors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour circulating over or surrounding the materials or objects to be dried
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metal recycling processing production line, in particular to a pickling production line of magnesium alloy waste and an application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal magnesium production.
  • Magnesium is one of the most abundant light metal elements on the earth.
  • the specific gravity of magnesium is 1.74g/cm 3 , which is only 2/3 of aluminum, 2/5 of titanium, and 1/4 of steel.
  • Magnesium alloy is an alloy composed of other elements added to magnesium.
  • the magnesium alloy has low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, and has good electromagnetic shielding, damping, vibration damping, machinability and low processing cost. Processing energy is only 70% of aluminum alloy and easy to recycle. Therefore, magnesium and magnesium alloys are regarded as green engineering materials in the 21st century, widely used in automotive, aerospace, 3C industry, power tools, optical equipment, sporting goods and Communication and other fields. At present, with the development of lightweight, low energy consumption and low pollution in the global manufacturing industry, magnesium alloy parts are widely used in place of plastic, aluminum alloy and even steel parts.
  • the output of primary magnesium in China was 769,700 tons in 2013, an increase of 10.22% year-on-year.
  • the output of magnesium alloy was 297,800 tons, an increase of 43.52%.
  • the regeneration of magnesium alloy scrap has the advantages of high regeneration rate and low energy consumption. The regeneration rate can reach over 95%, and the energy consumption for recycling and regeneration is only 5% to 10% of the energy consumption of the original magnesium production. Therefore, the reasonable recycling of magnesium alloy waste is directly It affects the rationality and sustainability of the development of the magnesium alloy industry, and is of great significance for reducing environmental pollution, saving energy, reducing the cost of magnesium alloys, and extending the life cycle of magnesium alloys.
  • Magnesium alloy scrap is recycled on the one hand to recover spent or scrapped magnesium alloy products, and on the other hand to recover scrap and chips from magnesium and magnesium alloys.
  • Grades 1 to 7 are scraps and chips for magnesium and magnesium alloys, which can be directly smelted for Class 1 waste - cleaning classified waste; for Class 2 waste - clean and sorted waste, but mixed with wood inclusions and The scrap of steel inclusions must be removed before the inclusions can be smelted; for grade 3 waste - paint and oil coated grade 1 and 2 waste must be removed after the paint and oil are removed; for 4 Grades and 5 grades of waste, chips, debris, debris, etc.
  • wastes such as 6 and 7 waste-slag, the volume is too small, specific surface area Large, its recycling classification and remelting regeneration are more difficult, and currently basically no recycling.
  • grade 8 waste a random mixture of alloys of various grades, which is a failed or scrapped magnesium alloy product, including the wheel hub of the car, the steering wheel, the engine cylinder head, the fuselage of the aircraft, the skin, the casing of the computer and the camera, etc.
  • the current total is over 200,000 tons / year.
  • the products are usually surface treated, such as anodizing, electroless plating, electroplating and surface spraying, while magnesium alloy products are used.
  • surface treated such as anodizing, electroless plating, electroplating and surface spraying
  • magnesium alloy products are used.
  • a large amount of oil, mud and oily and muddy oxide layers are formed on the surface.
  • the surface coating layer, oil stain, mud scale and oily and muddy oxide layer of these magnesium alloys are extremely valuable for the recovery and regeneration of magnesium alloy products. Harmful, therefore, in the recovery process of failed or scrapped magnesium alloy products, a reasonable pretreatment process must be used to effectively remove the coating layer and impurities on the surface of the waste.
  • the pickling process is an important process for removing the coating layer and impurities on the surface of the waste material during the pretreatment process. This is because the oxide layer produced by the anodization, the metal plating layer produced by electroless plating and electroplating, and the magnesium alloy product are produced during use.
  • the oxide layer can be removed by an acid washing process to remove the coating layer and impurities on the surface of the waste.
  • the magnesium alloy waste is mostly placed in the acid solution by direct immersion, such as the magnesium alloy foundry wire produced by the Chinese patent CN 101947705A.
  • the method is directly pickled and washed by immersion.
  • the magnesium alloy waste is in a stationary state in acid and water.
  • the coating layer and impurities on the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap are still adhered to the magnesium alloy scrap after being corroded by acid.
  • the surface layer therefore, the direct soaking method can not completely clean the magnesium alloy scrap, the pickling efficiency is low, the consistency of pickling is poor, and the washing is not complete.
  • the diameter of the mixer cannot be larger than the diameter of the container. Only a part of the magnesium alloy waste in the container can be stirred, which causes the magnesium alloy waste to be pickled and washed in the pickling and washing process. Uniform, the coating layer and impurities on the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap can not be completely removed; 2. During the stirring process, the magnesium alloy scrap is easy to jam the mixer, and during the long stirring process, the mixer is affected by the solution resistance and the magnesium alloy. The gravity of the waste will be deformed; 3. During the pickling and washing process, the pickling time is too long, and the magnesium alloy scrap is severely corroded by pickling, which causes the waste to be lost during the pickling and washing process.
  • the existing magnesium alloy scrap pickling line also has the following defects:
  • the magnesium alloy waste can not guarantee the concentration of acid in the pickling line.
  • the impurities of the magnesium alloy waste continuously enter the pickling liquid, reduce the concentration of the pickling liquid, and cause the magnesium alloy scrap to be pickled. Insufficient strength, magnesium alloy scrap pickling is not complete;
  • the magnesium alloy scrap that has undergone pickling and water washing directly enters the subsequent process, resulting in gas inclusion in the subsequent process, and there is a safety hazard in the reprocessing of the magnesium alloy scrap and the utilization rate is reduced;
  • a pickling production line for magnesium alloy waste includes: a feeding device, a pickling zone and a water washing zone, and the magnesium alloy scrap is contained in the holding device, and the pickling zone and the washing zone are independently set;
  • the material flow in the pickling production line after the magnesium alloy waste is put into the feeding device, the picking device successively enters the pickling area and the washing area to perform pickling and washing.
  • the material flow in the pickling production line after the magnesium alloy waste is put into the feeding device, the feeding device driven by the lifting device sequentially enters the pickling zone and the washing zone for pickling and washing.
  • the magnesium alloy scrap is a scrapped magnesium alloy product selected from the group consisting of an automobile hub, a steering wheel, an engine cylinder head, an aircraft fuselage, a skin, a computer, a mobile phone, a camera, and a casing of a power tool. mixture.
  • the magnesium alloy scrap is pickled in the pickling zone and rinsed in the water wash zone under the self-rotation of the holding device.
  • the feeding device is an electrically driven drum, the drum contains magnesium alloy scrap, and is provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft penetrates the drum; in order to ensure the smooth rotation of the drum, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the drum, preferably welded, and The rotating shaft is coaxially arranged with the center line of the drum; the rotation of the drum is realized by the rotation of the rotating shaft; at this time, the magnesium alloy scrap in the drum is randomly flipped with the movement of the drum to ensure sufficient contact between the magnesium alloy scrap and the cleaning liquid, and the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap ( In particular, the impurities in the grooves are more likely to fall off during the turning process, thereby maintaining the consistency of cleaning and improving the cleaning efficiency.
  • the drum is provided with a plurality of through holes having a diameter smaller than that of the magnesium alloy scrap; preferably smaller than the maximum directional dimension of the smallest piece of magnesium alloy scrap; to prevent the magnesium alloy scrap from passing through during pickling and rinsing
  • the hole is detached and the loss is reduced, and the cleaning liquid in the pickling zone and the washing zone can be entered into the drum from the through hole and fully contacted with the magnesium alloy scrap in the drum to ensure the uniformity of the magnesium alloy scrap in the pickling and washing process. Reduce overall pickling and washing time.
  • the through hole has a pore diameter of 5 to 30 mm.
  • the drum is a cylinder or a regular polygonal cylinder.
  • the drum is made of a titanium alloy sheet, an engineering plastic sheet or other acid resistant high strength sheet, preferably welded with a titanium alloy.
  • the drum includes a material inlet and outlet and a cover plate through which the material inlet and outlet can be opened and closed.
  • the cover is movably capped to the material inlet and outlet.
  • the cover when the drum is fed or discharged, the cover is opened, and the material inlet and outlet are open; when the drum enters the rotation process, the cover is closed, the material inlet and outlet are closed, and the drum can enter the rotating state.
  • one side of the cover is movably connected to the drum wall on the side of the material inlet and outlet, preferably hinged.
  • the drum is provided with a handle, and the handle is coaxial or parallel with the center line of the drum; as a preferred embodiment, the handle is disposed outside the drum and fixedly connected with the drum, and by rotating the handle, the rotation of the drum can be controlled by The direction of the material inlet and outlet on the drum during the feeding and discharging is controlled to ensure that the material inlet and outlet are facing upward when feeding, and the material inlet and outlet are facing downward when discharging.
  • the drum is electrically driven by a drive motor disposed at one end of the pickling zone and/or the water washing zone, and the drive motor rotates by rotating the drive drum by the drive shaft.
  • the driving motor driving drum rotation can be realized by a pair of transmission gears respectively arranged on the rotating shaft and the driving motor, and the driving motor drives the transmission gear pair to rotate, thereby driving the rotating shaft to realize the rotation of the drum.
  • the driving motor is two, which are respectively disposed at one end of the pickling zone and the water washing zone, and the two driving motors drive the drums in the same manner, so the corresponding mating gears have the same structure.
  • the transmission gear is located at one end of the rotating shaft.
  • the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively provided with rolling bearings to reduce the resistance when the drum rotates.
  • the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively provided with lifting elements that are movably connected with the hoisting device; as a preferred embodiment, the lifting element is a bearing that is sleeved with the rotating shaft, and the diameter thereof is not greater than that of the lifting device. Hang hook diameter.
  • a transmission gear, a rolling bearing, a lifting component, a drum, a lifting component, and a rolling bearing are sequentially disposed or mounted on the rotating shaft.
  • the shaft is made of a titanium alloy or other acid-resistant metal and its alloy material.
  • the hoisting device is a hoisting assembly that is electrically driven and provided with a hanging hook, and the hanging hook cooperates with the hoisting component of the feeding device to realize the auxiliary feeding device sequentially completing the charging, the pickling zone, the pickling zone,
  • the action of entering the water washing zone, the water washing zone or the cutting material; therefore, the position of the drum in the pickling zone and the washing zone is controlled by the lifting device, so that the labor intensity is reduced and the automatic control is realized.
  • the lifting device is movably connected to the rotating shaft to realize the driving of the loading device by the lifting device, and more preferably, the lifting device can be activated after the lifting hook is coordinated with the rotating shaft.
  • the hoisting assembly can be implemented by the prior art, and is not the focus of the present invention, and therefore will not be described again.
  • the specific implementation structure is as follows.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a pickling line for magnesium alloy scrap, by which the magnesium alloy scrap is sufficiently contacted with the washing liquid during the pickling and washing processes, and the inventors are pickled in any of the above structures.
  • structural improvement is made to the pickling zone and the water washing zone, so that the pickling zone and the washing zone are adapted to the feeding device, and the magnesium alloy scrap is sufficiently contacted with the acid in the pickling process to remove the oxidation of the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap.
  • the layer and impurities are double-washed during the washing process to completely remove the residual acid and residue on the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap.
  • the pickling zone comprises a pickling tank, an acid feeding channel and an acid out channel, and the acid feeding channel and the acid passing channel respectively penetrate the pickling tank and communicate with the pickling tank;
  • the acid passage is The connection between the pickling tank is higher than the connection between the acid passage and the pickling tank.
  • the setting height of the acid passage is higher than the set height of the acid passage; and the acid solution in the pickling tank is controlled by the acid passage and the acid passage. Ingress and discharge, the magnesium alloy scrap is fully contacted with the acid in the pickling process to remove the oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap.
  • the acid outlet channel extends through the side wall of the pickling tank.
  • the acid-out passage penetrates the side wall of the pickling tank and the passage wall of the acid-out passage is tangent to the bottom wall of the pickling tank.
  • the acid feed passage extends through the side wall of the pickling tank.
  • the acid feed channel is a double acid channel.
  • the double acid channel is two branches of the same main pipe, and the two tubes respectively penetrate different side walls of the pickling tank, so that the acid solution in the pickling tank is more uniformly mixed when the acid is fed.
  • the two tubes are respectively disposed on opposite side walls of the pickling tank.
  • the pickling tank volume is not less than the volume of the holding device; in other words, the volume of the pickling tank is greater than the volume of the drum.
  • the length direction dimension of the pickling tank is 20 to 50 cm larger than the height direction dimension of the drum.
  • the width direction dimension of the pickling tank is 20 to 100 cm larger than the diameter of the drum.
  • the depth of the rinsing tank is greater than the radius of the drum to facilitate rotation of the drum within the rinsing tank.
  • both ends of the rinsing pool are provided with a bearing seat, the bearing seat mounting position is coaxial with the center line of the longitudinal direction of the rinsing pool; as a preferred embodiment, the bearing seat is matched with the shape of the rotating shaft.
  • the unloading unit is a lower hopper, and when the drum is moved from the rinsing tank to the directly above the hopper unit by the hoisting device, the material inlet and outlet position is adjusted downward by rotating the handle on the drum, and then the drum cover is opened to make the material fall. Into the hopper, complete the cutting.
  • the spray unit comprises a water pressurizer, a water nozzle, a spray conveyor belt and a spray shield, the water nozzle and the water pressurizer are disposed on one side of the spray conveyor belt, and the water nozzle is connected with the water pressurizer
  • the magnesium alloy scrap is again washed in the spray unit through the water nozzle.
  • the spray shield is a three-sided protective cover and is disposed on both sides and above the spray conveyor belt to avoid the transportation of the magnesium alloy scrap on the spray conveyor belt. The water nozzle drops when sprayed, reducing waste and avoiding splashing of spray water.
  • the spray conveyor belt is a vibrating conveyor belt plate.
  • the conveyor belt plate is electrically connected to a vibration motor and has a porous structure and is sloped to achieve vibration. During the process, the material is evenly moved on the vibrating plate, avoiding the problem that the spray conveyor belt will pile up the materials together.
  • the belt plate has a slope of 5 to 30 degrees.
  • the sprinkler belt is equipped with baffles on both sides to prevent material from falling.
  • the blanking unit is disposed at one end of the shower unit, preferably at one end of the spray conveyor belt, and the magnesium alloy scrap is transported from the lower hopper and transported through the spray conveyor belt, and enters the spray unit for a second time. Washed.
  • the shower unit further includes a collecting tube, one end of the collecting tube is disposed under the spray conveyor belt, and the other end is flushed with the rinse sheet
  • the rinsing tank of the element is connected, and the collecting pipe collects the wastewater generated by the spraying process through the collecting pipe as an aqueous solution in the rinsing tank for recycling.
  • the pickling line further comprises a dehydration drying device for dehydrating and drying the acid-washed and water-washed material;
  • the dehydration drying device comprises a connected but not connected wind-cutting unit and a hot air drying unit;
  • the cutting unit is connected with the spray unit of the water washing area, and the magnesium alloy waste is dehydrated and dried by the wind cutting unit and the hot air drying unit through the spray unit, so that the liquid on the surface of the magnesium alloy waste is accelerated to evaporate, and the magnesium alloy waste is ensured in the subsequent process.
  • the wind cutting unit comprises a wind cut air compressor, a wind cut conveyor belt, a wind cut nozzle and a wind cut shield, wherein: the wind cut shield is a three-sided shield and is disposed on both sides and above the wind cut conveyor;
  • the air-cutting nozzle is installed in the wind-cut protective cover above the wind-cut conveyor belt; one end of the wind-cut conveyor belt is connected with the shower unit of the water washing zone, and the other end is connected with the hot air drying unit;
  • the air-cutting air compressor is provided for the wind-cutting nozzle Pressurized air; in the wind-cut unit, the magnesium alloy scrap conveys the compressed air sprayed through the air-cut nozzle through the wind-cut conveyor belt, and the liquid on the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap can be initially removed to reduce the working pressure of the hot air drying process.
  • the hot air drying unit comprises a hot air air compressor, a heat source, a hot air nozzle, a heat drying conveyor belt and a heat drying shield, wherein: the heat drying shield is disposed on both sides of the heat drying belt and on the upper side of the heat drying belt
  • the hot air air compressor is connected with the heat source
  • the hot air nozzle is disposed above the heat drying conveyor belt and is in the heat drying shield
  • one end of the heat drying conveyor belt is connected with the wind cut conveyor belt of the wind cutting unit
  • the work of the hot air drying unit The principle is as follows: the pressurized air generated by the hot air compressor is heated to the pressurized hot air by the heat source, and the hot air air compressor generates the heated air to be sprayed into the hot air nozzle, and the magnesium alloy scrap is sprayed through the hot air nozzle in the hot drying conveyor. Pressurized hot air is dried to quickly evaporate the liquid on the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap.
  • the heat source is a common heat source in the field, such as electric heating or gas heating
  • the hot air drying unit further includes an air extractor disposed on one side of the heat drying conveyor belt to rapidly discharge the gas generated by evaporation of the surface of the evaporated magnesium alloy scrap to avoid gas condensation and secondary pollution.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a pickling production line for magnesium alloy scrap, in order to maintain a predetermined range of acid concentration in the magnesium alloy scrap during pickling, and to maintain a good pickling effect of the magnesium alloy scrap, the inventor
  • an automatic acid-replenishing acid-changing system is added, so that the acid-liquid change is monitored during the pickling process, the acid is automatically acid-changed, and the acid concentration is maintained within a predetermined range to make the magnesium alloy
  • the pickling strength of the waste remains unchanged to ensure the pickling effect; accordingly, the automatic acid-refueling system includes a pH tester, a Mg 2+ concentration detector, an electric control valve, an acid dosing pump, a water metering pump, and a control unit.
  • the pH tester and the Mg 2+ concentration detector transmit the measured signal to the control unit, and the electric control valve, the acid quantitative pump and the water quantitative pump are controlled by the control unit.
  • the above pH range is from 0 to 7
  • the Mg 2+ concentration ranges from 0.0 to 3.0 mol/L.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a pickling production line for magnesium alloy scrap.
  • the inventor adds an environmental protection system to the pickling production line of the magnesium alloy scrap of any of the above structures.
  • the system processes the waste acid and waste gas generated in the pickling line to protect the environment and save resources; accordingly, the environmental protection system includes an exhaust gas treatment unit and a waste acid treatment unit, respectively, and the exhaust gas treatment unit and the waste acid treatment unit respectively The waste gas and spent acid produced in the entire pickling line are treated.
  • the exhaust gas treatment unit is an acid gas spray tower for treating acid gas
  • the acid gas spray tower comprises a fan, a filler, a spray device, a defogging device, a spray liquid circulation pump and an absorption tower;
  • Zero gas emission of acid gas after neutralization of the gas can achieve environmentally friendly treatment of the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas treatment unit further comprises a sealed glass chamber, the exhaust unit being disposed in the glass chamber, the exhaust unit discharging the acid gas in the glass chamber into the sour gas spray tower.
  • the rinsing unit of the pickling zone and the water washing zone are disposed in the glass room to prevent acid gas from overflowing in the pickling zone and the rinsing unit, thereby reducing environmental pollution.
  • the glass room is provided with a feeding door, a discharging door and a control sensor, and the control sensor controls the switch of the feeding door and the discharging door.
  • the feeding door is automatically opened. After the end of the feeding, the material is automatically closed; when the magnesium alloy waste material is processed through the entire pickling line, the discharge door is automatically opened, and the discharging is automatically closed after the discharging is completed.
  • the waste acid treatment unit comprises a neutralization tank, a filter, an evaporative crystallizer and a dryer connected in sequence, and the spent acid in the pickling zone is sequentially treated by a neutralization tank, a filter, an evaporative crystallizer and a dryer to obtain dry magnesium. Salt, thus achieving zero emissions of waste acid, protecting the environment and conserving resources.
  • the neutralization tank is connected to the acid passage.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of a pickling line for magnesium alloy scrap, which is a magnesium alloy scrap recycling production line and a magnesium alloy scrap aftertreatment system, and a pickling line is used for magnesium.
  • the alloy scrap is pickled to remove harmful impurities from the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap.
  • the magnesium alloy waste recycling processing line is used for producing a national standard magnesium alloy ingot, and the magnesium alloy scrap processed by the pickling production line is processed by a magnesium alloy waste post-processing system to obtain a national standard magnesium alloy ingot.
  • the pickling line of magnesium alloy scrap provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the magnesium alloy scrap is packed in a hollow drum. All magnesium alloy scraps in the drum have the same chance of contact with acid and water during the rotation process, thus ensuring the uniformity of pickling and washing, and shortening the overall cleaning time;
  • the magnesium alloy scrap is closed in the drum relative to the external waste. During the rotation of the drum, the magnesium alloy scrap will not be detached from the drum, thereby reducing Loss of magnesium alloy scrap and increase utilization of magnesium alloy scrap;
  • the magnesium alloy scrap does not directly contact the drive motor in the drum, and does not affect the rotation of the drum;
  • the pickling production line of the magnesium alloy waste provided by the present invention completely removes the magnesium alloy scrap by pickling and washing, removes the coating layer and impurities on the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap, and has high cleaning efficiency and cleaning consistency, and the entire set of production line equipment.
  • the connection is compact, the degree of automation is high, the pollution to the environment is small, the resources are saved, the production efficiency is high, and it is suitable for the batch pickling cleaning treatment of the magnesium alloy waste, so the application prospect thereof is very broad.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of a pickling line for magnesium alloy scrap provided by the present invention
  • the drum 11 is a cylinder or a regular polygonal cylinder and is welded by a titanium alloy plate, an engineering plastic plate or other acid-resistant high-strength plate.
  • the roller 11 is provided with a plurality of through holes 112.
  • the through holes 112 are distributed on the wall of the drum 11.
  • the diameter of the through holes 112 is smaller than the block diameter of the smallest block of the magnesium alloy scrap, and the through hole 112 has a hole diameter of 5 to 30 mm to prevent magnesium.
  • the alloy scrap is detached from the through hole 112 during the pickling and water washing process, thereby reducing the loss of the magnesium alloy scrap, and enabling the solution in the pickling zone 20 and the water washing zone 30 to enter the drum 11 from the through hole 112 and the magnesium alloy scrap is sufficient. Contact ensures uniformity of magnesium alloy scrap during pickling and washing, and shortens overall pickling and washing time.
  • the magnesium alloy scrap After the magnesium alloy scrap is loaded into the drum 11 through the holding device 10, it is placed in the pickling zone 20 and the water washing zone 30 by the lifting device 40 for pickling and washing, in order to ensure that the magnesium alloy scrap is sufficiently washed and washed in the pickling and washing process.
  • a pickling bearing seat 211 is disposed on both sides of the pickling tank 21, and the two pickling bearing seats 211 are installed at a position coaxial with the center line of the pickling tank 21, and the drum 11 is located in the pickling tank 21 on the rotating shaft 111.
  • the two rotary bearings 1112 are respectively placed on the two pickling bearing seats 211, thereby ensuring that the relative positions of the drum 11 and the pickling tank 21 are constant, while reducing the resistance when the drum 11 is rotated.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water washing zone in a pickling line of magnesium alloy waste provided by the present invention.
  • the lifting device 40 lifts the drum 11 through the two lifting elements 1113 on the rotating shaft 111, and moves the drum 11 into the washing zone 30 for washing, such as As shown in FIG. 3, the water washing zone 30 includes a rinsing unit 31, a blanking unit 32, and a shower unit 33, and the pickled magnesium alloy scrap is washed in water.
  • the zone 30 passes through the rinsing unit 31, the blanking unit 32 and the shower unit 33 in sequence, and the magnesium alloy waste is washed by the rinsing unit 31 and the shower unit 33, so that the acid washed magnesium alloy waste is rinsed in the water washing zone 30 and The spray is washed in two ways to completely remove the residual acid and residue on the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap.
  • the rinsing unit 31 further includes a rinsing tank 311 that spins the magnesium alloy scrap in a rinsing bath 311.
  • the size of the rinsing tank 311 is matched with the size of the drum 11, the area of the rinsing tank 311 is smaller than the area of the pickling tank 21 in the pickling zone 20, the area of the rinsing tank 311 is larger than the horizontal cross-sectional area of the drum 11, and the depth of the rinsing tank 311 is larger than The radius of the drum 11 facilitates rotation of the drum 11 within the rinsing tank 311.
  • Both ends of the rinsing pool 311 are provided with a rinsing bearing seat 3111.
  • the mounting positions of the two rinsing bearing seats 3111 are coaxial with the center line of the rinsing pool 311.
  • the two rotating bearings 1112 on the rotating shaft 111 are arranged.
  • the relative position of the drum 11 and the rinsing tank 311 is kept constant, and the resistance when the drum 11 is rotated is reduced.
  • the hoisting device 40 lifts the drum 11 through the two hoisting elements 1113 on the rotating shaft 111, and moves the drum 11 to the unloading unit 32, and the unloading unit 32 includes the lower hopper 321
  • the drum 11 assists in pouring the magnesium alloy scrap from the drum 11 into the lower hopper 321 through the hoisting device 40 to complete the blanking operation.
  • the shower unit 33 is connected to the blanking unit 32, and the magnesium alloy waste is subjected to a second water washing in the shower unit 33 to remove the remaining residual acid and residue on the surface of the magnesium alloy waste.
  • the spray unit 33 includes a water pressurizer 331.
  • the lower hopper 321 is disposed at one end of the spray conveyor belt 333, and the magnesium alloy scrap is laid off from the lower hopper 321 and then laid on the spray conveyor belt 333 and
  • the water nozzle 332 is transported by the spray conveyor belt 333, the water nozzle 332 is connected to the water pressurizer 331, the magnesium alloy waste material is washed again in the spray unit 33 through the water nozzle 332, and the water nozzle 332 and the water pressurizer 331 are disposed on the spray conveyor belt.
  • the spray shield 334 is a three-sided shield and is disposed on both sides and above the spray conveyor belt 333 to prevent the magnesium alloy scrap from falling on the spray conveyor belt 333 when sprayed through the water nozzle 332, reducing waste.
  • the spray conveyor belt 333 is a vibrating conveyor belt plate.
  • the conveyor belt plate is electrically connected to a vibration motor, and has a porous structure and has a slope shape, which is convenient for the magnesium alloy scrap to be sprayed through the water nozzle 332.
  • the shower unit 33 further includes a collecting pipe 335.
  • One end of the collecting pipe 335 is disposed below the spray conveyor belt 333, and the other end of the collecting pipe 335 is in communication with the rinsing tank 311 of the rinsing unit 31, and the collecting process is collected by the collecting pipe 335.
  • the wastewater is used as an aqueous solution in the rinsing tank 311 to recycle the wastewater from the spraying process and save resources.
  • the inventor added a dehydration drying device in the pickling line to accelerate the evaporation of the residual liquid on the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap to ensure the magnesium alloy.
  • Safety of waste in subsequent processes, minus Less gas inclusions reduce the scrap rate of magnesium alloy scrap reprocessing.
  • the water-cutting unit 61 and the hot air drying unit 62 are dehydrated and dried in order to accelerate the evaporation of the liquid on the surface of the magnesium alloy scrap, thereby ensuring the safety of the magnesium alloy scrap in the subsequent process and reducing gas inclusions.
  • the hot air drying unit 62 also refers to the prior art, including a hot air compressor, a heat source, a hot air nozzle, a heat drying conveyor belt and a heat drying shield, wherein: the heat drying shield is provided on the two sides of the heat drying conveyor with a three-sided shield And above, the hot air air compressor is connected with the heat source, the hot air nozzle is disposed above the heat drying conveyor belt and is in the heat drying shield, and one end of the heat drying conveyor belt is connected with the wind cut conveyor belt of the wind cutting unit; the hot air drying unit
  • the working principle is as follows: the pressurized air generated by the hot air compressor is heated to the pressurized hot air by the heat source, and the hot air air compressor generates the heated air to be sprayed into the hot air nozzle, and the magnesium alloy scrap is transported through the hot air nozzle in the hot drying conveyor.
  • the pressurized hot air is dried to quickly evaporate the liquid on the surface of the magnesium alloy waste.
  • the heat source is a common heat source in the field, such as
  • the hot air drying unit 62 further includes an air extractor disposed on one side of the heat drying conveyor belt to quickly discharge the gas generated by evaporation of the surface of the evaporated magnesium alloy scrap to avoid gas condensation and secondary pollution.
  • both the wind cut conveyor belt in the wind cutting unit 61 and the hot drying conveyor belt in the hot air drying unit 62 are mesh conveyor belts, which facilitate the magnesium alloy scrap in the wind cut unit 61 and the hot air drying unit 62. Breathing and water seepage during transportation, while the mesh of the mesh conveyor belt is smaller than the minimum block diameter of the magnesium alloy scrap.
  • the automatic acid-refueling system 50 includes a pH tester 51, a Mg 2+ concentration detector 52, an electric control valve 53, an acid dosing pump 54, a water metering pump 55, and a control unit 56, wherein: pH The value tester 51, the Mg 2+ concentration detector 52 and the electric control valve 53 are partially disposed in the pickling tank 21, and the acid metering pump 54, the water metering pump 55, and the control unit 56 are partially disposed outside the pickling tank 21; The tester 51, the Mg 2+ concentration detector 52, the electric control valve 53, the acid dosing pump 54, and the water metering pump 55 are connected in data connection with the control unit 56, in parallel with each other in this embodiment; accordingly, the electric control valve 53 The acid out of the acid passage 23 is controlled, the acid metering pump 54 controls the acid entering the acid passage 22, the pH tester 51, the Mg 2+ concentration detector 52, the electric control valve 53, the acid metering pump 54, and the water metering pump 55.
  • the pH tester 51 periodically tests the acidity of the acid solution in the pickling tank 21, and the Mg 2+ concentration detector 52 detects the Mg 2+ concentration in the pickling tank 21 in real time, the pH tester 51 and the Mg 2+ .
  • the concentration detector 52 transmits the measured signal to the control unit 56, and controls the electric control valve 53 and the acid amount via the control unit 56. 54 and 55 water metering pump operation.
  • the control unit 56 controls the acid dosing pump 54 to open after receiving the signal, and the acid passage 22 opens to acid-replenish the pickling tank 21.
  • the control unit 56 controls the electric control valve 53 to open after receiving the signal, and the acid-out passage 23 is opened to perform automatic acid removal.
  • the magnesium alloy scrap In the pickling line of the whole magnesium alloy waste, the magnesium alloy scrap generates waste acid and waste gas when it is pickled by the pickling tank 21, and the inventors in the pickling production line of the magnesium alloy scrap in order to reduce environmental pollution and save resources.
  • the environmental protection system 70 is added to treat the waste acid and waste gas generated in the pickling line through the environmental protection system 70, thereby protecting the environment and conserving resources.
  • the waste acid treatment unit 72 can be disposed in the waste acid recovery mode in the prior art, and in this embodiment, includes sequentially connecting the neutralization tank, the filter, the evaporative crystallizer, and the dryer; further, wherein the neutralization tank is discharged The acid channel 23 is connected.
  • the waste acid in the pickling zone 20 is sequentially treated by a neutralization tank, a filter, an evaporating crystallizer and a dryer to obtain a dry magnesium salt, thereby emitting zero waste acid, protecting the environment and conserving resources.
  • the acid system 50 is used to maintain the acid concentration in the pickling zone 20, the pickling zone 20 and the water washing zone 30 are separately provided, the holding device 10 contains magnesium alloy scrap, and the lifting device 40 causes the holding device 10 in the pickling zone 20 and Movement between the water washing zone 30, the dehydration drying device 60 pairs the pickled zone 20 and the water washing zone After the treated magnesium alloy waste is dried, the environmental protection system 70 processes the exhaust gas and waste acid generated in the entire production line.
  • the material flow of the magnesium alloy scrap in the pickling line is: the magnesium alloy waste is contained in the drum 11 of the feeding device 10; the lifting device 40 lifts the drum 11 through the two lifting elements 1113 on the rotating shaft 111, and moves to the pickling zone.
  • the two rotating bearings 1112 on the rotating shaft 111 are respectively placed on the two pickling bearing seats 211 of the pickling tank 21, the drum 11 is placed in the pickling 21, the transmission gear 1111 of the rotating shaft 111 and the motor gear 121 on the driving motor 12 Engagement, the driving motor 12 drives the rotating shaft 111 to rotate, so that the drum 11 rotates in the pickling tank 21, and the magnesium alloy waste in the drum 11 is randomly flipped with the movement of the drum 11, ensuring that the magnesium alloy scrap is in full contact with the acid solution, and the magnesium alloy scrap
  • the impurities on the surface are more likely to fall off during the turning process, and the harmful impurities on the surface of the magnesium alloy waste are removed; after the pickling is completed, the drum 11 is placed in the rinsing
  • the drum 11 assists in completing the charging, the pickling tank, the pickling tank, and the rinsing tank through the hoisting device 40. , out of the rinse tank and the blanking operation.
  • the pickling tank 21 of the pickling zone 20 is provided with an automatic acid-repairing acid system 50, and the pH value tester 51 and the Mg 2+ concentration detector 52 in the automatic acid-repairing acid-removing system 50 periodically detect the pickling tank 21
  • the pH value and the Mg 2+ concentration when not meeting the set range, are controlled by the control unit 56 to control the electric acid control valve 53, the acid dosing pump 54, and the water metering pump 55 to acid-replenish the pickling tank 21.
  • the waste acid and waste gas generated in the pickling line are processed by the environmental protection system 70.
  • the exhaust gas treatment unit 71 in the environmental protection system 70 concentrates the exhaust gas in the glass room and discharges it into the alkali water tank through the exhaust machine to neutralize the environment.
  • the waste acid is sequentially passed through a neutralization tank, a filter, an evaporative crystallizer and a dryer in the waste acid treatment unit 72 to obtain a dry magnesium salt, thereby emitting zero waste acid, protecting the environment, and saving resources.

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Abstract

一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，包括：盛料装置（10）、酸洗区（20）和水洗区（30），酸洗区（20）和水洗区（30）独立设置，盛料装置（10）内盛装镁合金废料且依次在酸洗区（20）和水洗区（30）内自转动分别进行酸洗和水洗。该镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，对镁合金废料酸洗和水洗更为彻底，清除镁合金废料表面的涂装层和杂质，清洗效率和清洗的一致性高，整套生产线各设备连接紧凑，自动化程度高，对环境污染小，节约资源，生产效率高，适合镁合金废料的批量化酸洗清洗处理。

Description

一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及金属回收处理生产线，具体说，是涉及一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线及其应用，属于金属镁生产技术领域。
背景技术
镁是地球上储量最丰富的轻金属元素之一，镁的比重是1.74g/cm3，只有铝的2/3、钛的2/5，钢的1/4。镁合金是以镁为基加入其它元素组成的合金，镁合金密度小，比强度和比刚度高，并具有很好的电磁屏蔽性、阻尼性、减振性、切削加工性、加工成本低、加工能量仅为铝合金的70％和易于回收等优点，因此镁和镁合金被誉为21世纪的绿色工程材料，广泛应用于汽车、航空航天、3C产业、电动工具、光学设备、体育用品和通信等领域。目前随着全球制造业的轻量化、低能耗、低污染的发展，镁合金零部件取代塑料、铝合金甚至钢制零件在广泛应用。
中国有色金属协会数据显示，2013年中国的原镁产量为76.97万吨，同比增长10.22％，镁合金的产量为29.78万吨，同比增长43.52％。然而镁合金产量的急剧增长势必会引起镁合金废料的快速增加。镁合金废料的再生具有再生率高、能耗低的优点，再生率可达95％以上，回收再生能耗只有原镁生产能耗的5％～10％，因此镁合金废料的合理再生利用直接影响镁合金行业发展的合理性及可持续性，同时对于减少环境污染、节约能源、降低镁合金成本、延长镁合金使用周期具有重要意义。
在对镁合金废料的回收利用过程中，首先是要对镁合金废料进行分级。通过对镁合金的废、旧、余料和切屑的分级，以保证对回收废料充分利用，降低生产成本。镁及镁合金分类分级国际标准提案将废料分为八级，具体见表1。
表1镁及镁合金废料分级
Figure PCTCN2015073172-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2015073172-appb-000002
镁合金废料的回收一方面是回收失效的或报废的镁合金产品，另一方面是回收镁及镁合金的废料和切屑。1至7级即为镁及镁合金的废料和切屑，对于1级废料-清洁已分类的废料可直接进行熔炼；对于2级废料-清洁并已分类的废料，但其中混有木质夹杂物和钢铁夹杂物的废料必须先将夹杂物去除后方可入炉熔炼；对于3级废料-沾有油漆和油污涂装过的1级和2级废料须将油漆和油污去除后再进行熔炼；对于4级和5级废料，切屑、碎屑、碎片等含有较多的氧化物，且污染严重，回收时必须进行特殊处理；对于6级和7级废料-炉渣这类废料，体积太小，比表面积大，其回收分类和重熔再生都比较困难，目前基本上不进行回收。对于8级废料-多种牌号合金的随意混合物，即为失效的或报废的镁合金产品，其包括汽车的轮毂、方向盘、发动机缸盖，飞机的机身、蒙皮、电脑及相机的外壳等，目前总量在20万吨/年以上。由于失效或报废的镁合金产品在生产过程中，为提高产品的性能及使用寿命，通常会对产品进行表面处理，如阳极氧化、化学镀、电镀及表面喷涂等处理，同时镁合金产品在使用过程中，表面会形成大量的油污、泥垢及含油污、泥垢的氧化层等，这些镁合金的表面涂覆层、油污、泥垢及含油污、泥垢的氧化层对镁合金产品的回收再生是极为有害的，因此在失效或报废的镁合金产品的回收过程中，必须采用合理的预处理工艺有效除去废料表面的涂覆层及杂质。
而酸洗工序则是预处理工艺过程中除去废料表面的涂覆层及杂质的重要工序，这是因为阳极氧化产生的氧化层、化学镀及电镀产生的金属镀层及镁合金产品使用过程中产生的氧化层都可以通过酸洗工序予以除去，从而除去废料表面的涂覆层及杂质。
现有技术中，镁合金废料在酸洗工序中，多是采用直接浸泡的方式将镁合金废料置入酸液中，如中国专利CN 101947705A公开的一种采用镁合金铸造废料生产镁合金焊丝的方法，该方法直接采用浸泡的方式进行酸洗和水洗，镁合金废料在酸液和水中为静止状态，镁合金废料表面的涂覆层及杂质经酸液腐蚀后，仍然会附着在镁合金废料的表层，因此这种直接浸泡的方式不能将镁合金废料完全清洗干净，酸洗效率低，酸洗的一致性差，水洗也不彻底。
由于直接浸泡酸洗和水洗方式存在问题，有文献公开了镁合金废料动态酸洗和水洗的概念，使镁合金废料在酸洗和水洗过程中呈动态与酸液和水完全接触。现有技术中实现镁合金废料动态酸洗和水洗的方式是在 盛酸或水的容器中增加搅拌器，从而对容器中的镁合金废料和酸液进行搅拌。例如中国专利CN101736160A公开了一种镁合金低级废料的回收方法，该方法中采用不锈钢容器盛装废料，利用搅拌机进行搅拌酸洗三次，每次30min，然后同样方法搅拌水洗三次，然而这种方式也存在问题，具体如下：1、搅拌机设置在容器中，搅拌机的直径无法大于容器的直径，容器内仅部分镁合金废料可实现搅拌，这样导致镁合金废料在酸洗和水洗过程中酸洗和水洗不均匀，镁合金废料表面的涂覆层和杂质也不能完全清除；2、在搅拌过程中，镁合金废料很容易卡塞搅拌机，并且在长时间的搅拌过程中，搅拌机因受溶液阻力和镁合金废料的重力会产生变形；3、镁合金废料在该酸洗和水洗过程中，酸洗时间过长，镁合金废料受酸洗腐蚀过严重，使废料在酸洗和水洗过程中损耗大。
另外，现有的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中还存在以下缺陷：
1、镁合金废料在酸洗生产线中无法保证酸液的浓度，在长时间酸洗过程中，镁合金废料的杂质不断进入酸洗液中，降低酸洗液的浓度，造成镁合金废料酸洗强度不够，镁合金废料酸洗不完全；
2、经过酸洗和水洗过程的镁合金废料直接进入后续工艺，造成在后续工艺中气体夹杂，镁合金废料再加工存在安全隐患且利用率降低；
3、在酸洗过程中，会产生废酸和废气，现有酸洗生产线中没有针对废酸和废气处理的环节，造成大气污染和环境污染，且浪费资源。
综上述，亟需一种能确保清除镁合金废料表面的有害杂质，同时又提高镁合金废料利用率和合理处理废酸和废气且安全环保的镁合金酸洗工序。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，通过对酸洗生产线中设备改进，使镁合金废料在酸洗和水洗过程中动态清洗，确保镁合金废料在酸洗和水洗过程中清洗的一致性和完全性，提高清洗效率，缩短酸洗时间，减少镁合金废料损失。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，包括：盛料装置、酸洗区和水洗区，盛料装置内盛装镁合金废料，酸洗区和水洗区独立设置；
该酸洗生产线中的物料流程：镁合金废料投入盛料装置后，经盛料装置分别依次进入酸洗区和水洗区进行酸洗和水洗。
本发明另一目的是提供一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线以达到更佳的酸洗处理效果，该酸洗生产线包括：盛料装置、酸洗区、水洗区和吊装装置，其中：盛料装置盛装镁合金废料，酸洗区和水洗区独立设置，吊装装置驱动盛料装置且使盛料装置在酸洗区和水洗区之间运动；
该酸洗生产线中的物料流程：镁合金废料投入盛料装置后，经由吊装装置带动的盛料装置分别依次进入酸洗区和水洗区进行酸洗和水洗。
针对上述任一的酸洗生产线的优选方案如下：
优选地，镁合金废料为报废的镁合金产品，其选自汽车的轮毂、方向盘、发动机缸盖，飞机的机身、蒙皮，电脑、手机、相机及电动工具的外壳等的一种或以上的混合物。
优选地，镁合金废料在盛料装置的自转动下分别在酸洗区进行酸洗和在水洗区进行漂洗。
优选地，盛料装置为一电驱动的滚筒，滚筒内盛装镁合金废料，且设有一转轴，该转轴贯穿滚筒；为了保证滚筒的平稳转动，该转轴与滚筒固定连接，优选为焊接，且该转轴与滚筒的中心线同轴设置；滚筒的转动通过转轴旋转实现；此时，滚筒内的镁合金废料随滚筒的运动随机翻转，保证镁合金废料与清洗液充分接触，同时镁合金废料表面(尤其是沟槽中)的杂质在翻转过程中更容易脱落，从而保持清洗的一致性和提高清洗效率。
更优选地，滚筒上设有多个通孔，该通孔的直径小于镁合金废料；优选为小于最小块镁合金废料的最大方向尺寸；以防止镁合金废料在酸洗和漂洗过程中从通孔中脱落，减少损耗，又能使酸洗区和水洗区内的清洗液从通孔进入滚筒并在滚筒内与镁合金废料充分接触，保证镁合金废料在酸洗和水洗过程的均匀性，缩短整体酸洗和水洗时间。
更优选地，通孔的孔径为5～30mm。
更优选地，滚筒为圆柱体或正多边形柱体。
更优选地，滚筒采用钛合金板、工程塑料板或其它耐酸性高强度板材制成，优选采用钛合金焊接而成。
更优选地，滚筒包括物料出入口和盖板，通过盖板可打开和关闭物料出入口。
更优选地，盖板可活动地盖合在物料出入口上。换言之，当滚筒进料或出料时，盖板打开，物料出入口为开放状态；当滚筒将进入转动过程时，盖板关闭，物料出入口为封闭状态，滚筒方能进入转动状态。
更优选地，盖板的一侧与物料出入口一侧的滚筒壁活动连接，优选为铰接。
更优选地，滚筒设有一手柄，手柄与滚筒中心线同轴或平行；作为一种较佳的实施方式，该手柄设置在滚筒外且与滚筒固定连接，通过转动手柄可通过控制滚筒的转动以控制进料和出料时滚筒上物料出入口的方向，保证在进料时物料出入口朝上，出料时物料出入口朝下。
更优选地，滚筒通过一驱动电机电驱动，该驱动电机设置在酸洗区和/或水洗区的一端，驱动电机通过驱动转轴旋转传动滚筒旋转。作为一种较佳的实施方案，驱动电机驱动滚筒转动可通过分别设置在转轴和驱动电机上相啮合的一对传动齿轮实现，驱动电机驱动该传动齿轮对转动，从而传动转轴以实现滚筒的转动。作为进一步优选的实施方案，该驱动电机为两个，分别设置在酸洗区和水洗区的一端，两个驱动电机驱动滚筒的方式相同，故相应的配对齿轮结构相同。作为一种较佳的实施方式，该传动齿轮位于转轴的一端。
进一步优选地，转轴的两端分别设置有滚动轴承，降低滚筒转动时的阻力。
更优选地，转轴的两端分别设置有与吊装装置配位活动连接的吊装元件；作为一种较佳的实施方式，该吊装元件为与转轴套接的轴承，且其直径不大于吊装装置的吊挂钩直径。
作为一种较佳的实施方式，转轴上依次设置或安装传动齿轮、滚动轴承、吊装元件、滚筒、吊装元件和滚动轴承。
更优选地，转轴采用钛合金或其它耐酸金属及其合金材料制造而成。
优选地，吊装装置为一电驱动且设有吊挂钩的吊装组件，该吊挂钩与盛料装置的吊装元件配合以实现辅助盛料装置依次完成装料、进酸洗区、出酸洗区、进水洗区、出水洗区或下料的动作；故通过吊装装置控制滚筒在酸洗区和水洗区内的位置移动，使减轻劳动强度，实现自动化控制。
更优选地，吊挂钩与转轴活动连接后便可实现吊装装置将盛料装置的驱动，更进一步优选地，吊挂钩与转轴配位后方可启动吊装装置。
更优选地，吊装组件可采用现有技术的行车实现，在此不作为本发明的重点所在，故不做赘述。具体实施结构见下述。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，通过该酸洗生产线确保镁合金废料在酸洗和水洗过程中与清洗液充分接触，发明人在上述任一结构的酸洗生产线的基础上，对酸洗区和水洗区做了结构改进，使酸洗区和水洗区适应盛料装置，镁合金废料在酸洗过程中与酸液充分接触，去除镁合金废料表面的氧化层和杂质，在水洗过程中双重水洗，彻底清除镁合金废料表面的残酸和残渣。
优选地，酸洗区包括酸洗池、进酸通道和出酸通道，进酸通道和出酸通道分别贯穿酸洗池并与酸洗池相通；作为一种优选的实施方式，进酸通道与酸洗池的连通处高于出酸通道与酸洗池的连通处，换言之，进酸通道的设置高度高于出酸通道的设置高度；通过进酸通道和出酸通道控制酸洗池内酸溶液进入及排放，使镁合金废料在酸洗过程中与酸液充分接触，去除镁合金废料表面的氧化层和杂质。
更优选地，出酸通道贯穿酸洗池侧壁。作为一种优选的实施方式，出酸通道贯穿酸洗池侧壁且出酸通道的通道壁与酸洗池底壁相切。
更优选地，进酸通道贯穿酸洗池侧壁。
更优选地，进酸通道为双进酸通道。
更优选地，双进酸通道是同一主管的两个支管，两支管分别贯穿酸洗池的不同侧壁，这样可使在进酸时酸洗池内酸溶液混合更为均匀。
更优选地，两支管分别设置在酸洗池的两相对侧壁上。
优选地，酸洗池容积不小于盛料装置的体积；换言之，酸洗池的容积大于滚筒的体积。
更优选地，酸洗池的长度方向尺寸比滚筒的高度方向尺寸大20～50cm。
更优选地，酸洗池的宽度方向尺寸比滚筒的直径大20～100cm。
更优选地，酸洗池的高度方向尺寸比滚筒的半径大10～100cm。
更优选地，酸洗池设有酸洗池盖，防止在酸洗池内无滚筒时酸溶液挥发，降低原料损耗，减少大气污染。
更优选地，酸洗池采用工程塑料或玻璃钢等耐酸材料制作而成。
优选地，酸洗池的两侧均设有承力座，该承力座安装位置与酸洗池长度方向的中心线同轴；作为一种较佳的实施方式，该承力座为与转轴形状匹配的凹形座，当滚筒在酸洗区酸洗时，转轴上的两转动轴承分别安放在两个承力座上，从而保证滚筒与酸洗池的相对位置不变，同时降低滚筒(盛料装置)转动时的阻力；此外，盛料装置在承力座上放置后才可转动，可进一步确保安全运行。
优选地，水洗区包括漂洗单元、下料单元和喷淋单元，酸洗后的镁合金废料依次经过漂洗单元、下料单元和喷淋单元，通过漂洗单元和喷淋单元对镁合金废料进行双重水洗，可使镁合金废料在水洗区的水洗过程中与清洗液充分接触，彻底清除镁合金废料表面的残酸和残渣。
优选地，漂洗单元为一漂洗池，盛料装置内的滚筒在漂洗池内自转动漂洗镁合金废料。
更优选地，漂洗池的容积不小于盛料装置的体积。
更优选地，漂洗池的深度大于滚筒的半径，便于滚筒在漂洗池内转动。
更优选地，漂洗池的两端设有承力座，该承力座安装位置与漂洗池长度方向的中心线同轴；作为一种较佳的实施方式，该承力座为与转轴形状匹配的凹形座，当滚筒在漂洗池漂洗时，转轴上的两转动轴承分别安放在两个承力座上，保证滚筒与漂洗池的位置不变，同时降低滚筒转动时的阻力。
优选地，下料单元为一下料斗，滚筒经吊装装置自漂洗池移动至下料单元正上方时，通过转动滚筒上的手柄调整物料出入口位置使其向下，然后打开滚筒盖板，使物料落入下料斗中，完成下料。
优选地，喷淋单元包括水加压器、水喷嘴、喷淋传输带和喷淋防护罩，水喷嘴与水加压器设置在喷淋传输带的一侧，水喷嘴与水加压器连接，镁合金废料在喷淋单元中通过水喷嘴再次水洗，喷淋防护罩为三面防护罩且设置在喷淋传输带的两侧及上方，避免镁合金废料在喷淋传输带上运输过程中经水喷嘴喷淋时掉落，减少浪费，同时也避免喷淋水的飞溅。
更优选地，该喷淋传输带为一可振动的传输带板，作为一种较佳的实施方式，该传输带板电连接一振动电机，且为多孔结构并呈斜坡状，可实现振动的过程中物料在振动板上均匀前行，避免了喷淋传输带会使物料堆在一起的问题。作为更进一步的优选方式，该传输带板的坡度为5-30度。该喷淋传送带的两侧配有挡板，防止物料掉落。
更优选地，下料单元设置在喷淋单元的一端，优选为设置在喷淋传输带的一端，镁合金废料从下料斗下料后经喷淋传输带运输，进入喷淋单元进行第二次水洗。
更优选地，喷淋单元进一步包括一收集管，该收集管一端部设置在喷淋传输带下方，另一端部与漂洗单 元的漂洗池连通，该收集管通过收集管收集喷淋过程产生的废水作为漂洗池中的水溶液循环利用。
优选地，该酸洗生产线还包括脱水干燥装置，用于将经酸洗和水洗后的物料进行脱水干燥；该脱水干燥装置包括相连但不连通的风切单元和热风烘干单元；此外，风切单元与水洗区的喷淋单元连接，镁合金废料经喷淋单元后依次经过风切单元和热风烘干单元进行脱水干燥，使镁合金废料表面的液体加快蒸发，保证镁合金废料在后续工艺中的安全性，减少镁合金废料的氧化及熔融后的气体夹杂。
更优选地，风切单元包括风切空压机、风切传输带、风切喷嘴和风切防护罩，其中：风切防护罩为三面防护罩且设置在风切传输带的两侧及上方；风切喷嘴安装在风切传输带上方处于风切防护罩内；风切传输带一端与水洗区的喷淋单元连接，另一端与热风烘干单元连接；风切空压机为风切喷嘴提供加压空气；镁合金废料在风切单元中，通过风切传输带传输经风切喷嘴喷出的压缩空气作用，可初步除去镁合金废料表面的液体，以减轻热风烘干工序的工作压力。
更优选地，热风烘干单元包括热风空压机、热源、热风喷嘴、热烘传输带和热烘防护罩，其中：热烘防护罩为三面防护罩设置在热烘传输带的两侧及上方，热风空压机与热源连接，热风喷嘴设置在热烘传输带上方且处于热烘防护罩内，热烘传输带的一端与风切单元的风切传输带连接；该热风烘干单元的工作原理为：由热风空压机产生的加压空气经热源加热为加压热空气，热风空压机产生加热空气进热风喷嘴喷出，镁合金废料在热烘传输带传输经热风喷嘴喷出的加压热空气烘干，快速蒸发镁合金废料表面的液体。其中热源为本领域中常用热源，如电加热或燃气加热等，以节能环保为准。
更优选地，热风烘干单元进一步包括抽气机，该抽气机设置在热烘传输带的一侧，将蒸发镁合金废料表面蒸发产生的气体快速排出，避免气体冷凝，二次污染。
本发明另一目的是提供一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，为使镁合金废料在酸洗过程中酸液浓度维持预定范围，维持较佳的镁合金废料酸洗效果，发明人在上述任一结构镁合金废料的酸洗生产线的基础上，增加了自动补酸换酸***，这样在酸洗过程中监测酸液变化，自动补酸换酸，维持酸液浓度在预定范围，使镁合金废料酸洗强度保持不变，保证酸洗效果；相应地，该自动补酸换酸***包括pH值测试仪、Mg2+浓度检测仪、电动控制阀、酸定量泵、水定量泵和控制单元，其中：pH值测试仪、Mg2+浓度检测仪和电动控制阀部分设置在酸洗池内，酸定量泵、水定量泵和控制单元部分设置在酸洗池外；pH值测试仪、Mg2+浓度检测仪、电动控制阀、酸定量泵和水定量泵与控制单元数据连接，优选为相互间并联，pH值测试仪用于定时测试酸洗池内酸溶液酸性，Mg2+浓度检测仪用于实时检测酸洗池内Mg2+浓度，pH值测试仪和Mg2+浓度检测仪将测得的信号传递给控制单元，经控制单元控制电动控制阀、酸定量泵和水定量泵的动作；电动控制阀控制出酸通道的出酸，酸定量泵控制进酸通道的进酸。
更优选地，当pH值测试仪测试的pH值低于设定pH范围时，控制单元接收信号后控制酸定量泵开启，进酸通道打开对酸洗池进行补酸。
更优选地，当Mg2+浓度检测仪的检测值超出设定Mg2+浓度范围时，控制单元接收信号后控制电动控制阀开启，出酸通道开放，进行自动排酸，排酸结束后，电动控制阀关闭，控制单元同时控制酸定量泵和水定量泵开启，按照设定比例重新配置酸溶液。
作为进一步优选方案，上述pH值范围为0～7，Mg2+浓度范围为0.0～3.0mol/L。
本发明另一目的是提供一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，为了减少环境污染和节约资源，发明人在上述任一结构的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中，增加了一环保***，通过环保***对酸洗生产线中产生的废酸和废气进行处理，保护环境，同时节约资源；相应地，该环保***包括废气处理单元和废酸处理单元分别独立设置，废气处理单元和废酸处理单元分别处理整个酸洗生产线中产生的废气和废酸。
优选地，废气处理单元为一酸气喷淋塔对酸气进行处理，该酸气喷淋塔包括风机、填料、喷淋装置、除雾装置、喷淋液循环泵和吸收塔；实现对酸性气体中和后实现酸性气体零排放，可实现对废气的环境友好处理。
更优选地，废气处理单元进一步包括密闭的玻璃房，排气机设置在玻璃房内，排气机将玻璃房内的酸性气体排入酸气喷淋塔中。
更优选地，酸洗区和水洗区的漂洗单元均设置在玻璃房内，防止酸洗区和漂洗单元中的酸性气体溢出，减少环境污染。
更优选地，玻璃房设有进料门、出料门和控制感应器，控制感应器控制进料门和出料门的开关，当镁合金废料原料进入酸洗生产线时，进料门自动打开，进料结束后自动关闭；当镁合金废料原料经整个酸洗生产线处理结束出料时，出料门自动打开，出料结束后自动关闭。
优选地，废酸处理单元包括依次连接的中和池、过滤器、蒸发结晶器和干燥器，酸洗区的废酸依次经中和池、过滤器、蒸发结晶器和干燥器处理得到干燥镁盐，从而实现对废酸零排放，保护环境，节约资源。其中，中和池与出酸通道连通。
本发明另一目的是提供一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线的应用，该镁合金废料的酸洗生产线与一镁合金废料后处理***成一镁合金废料回收处理生产线，酸洗生产线用于对镁合金废料酸洗，去除镁合金废料表面的有害杂质。
优选地，该镁合金废料回收处理生产线用于生产国标镁合金锭，经酸洗生产线处理后的镁合金废料再经镁合金废料后处理***处理，得到国标镁合金锭。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线具有以下优点:
1、镁合金废料采用镂空的滚筒盛装，滚筒内所有镁合金废料在转动过程中与酸液和水的接触机会均等，从而保证酸洗和水洗均匀性，缩短整体清洗时间；
2、镁合金废料在滚筒内相对外界废料封闭，在滚筒旋转过程中，镁合金废料不会从滚筒内脱离，从而减 少镁合金废料的损耗，提高镁合金废料的利用率；
3、镁合金废料在滚筒内不与驱动电机直接接触，不影响滚筒转动；
4、针对酸洗后的镁合金废料双重水洗，采用漂洗和喷淋两种方式水洗，确保清除酸洗后镁合金废料表面的杂质和残留酸液，提高镁合金废料的清洁度，降低镁合金废料损耗；
5、整个酸洗生产线中增加脱水干燥装置，采用空气干燥和热风烘干两种方式，加快水洗后镁合金废料表面的液体蒸发，保证镁合金废料在后续工艺中的安全性，减少气体夹杂，降低废料的自然氧化，提高镁合金废料利用率；
6、在酸洗区增加自动补酸换酸***，定时监测，使酸液pH值和Mg2+浓度维持在预定范围，依据变化自动补酸换酸，保证酸洗效果；
7、整个酸洗生产线中增设环保***，通过环保***对酸洗生产线中产生的废酸和废气进行处理，保护环境，同时节约资源。
综上述，本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，对镁合金废料酸洗和水洗完全，清除镁合金废料表面的涂装层和杂质，清洗效率和清洗的一致性高，整套生产线各设备连接紧凑，自动化程度高，对环境污染小，节约资源，生产效率高，适合镁合金废料的批量化酸洗清洗处理，因此其应用前景十分广阔。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线优选实施方式的示意图；
图2为本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中盛料装置示意图；
图3为本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中水洗区示意图；
图4为本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中自动补酸换酸***流程图；
图5为本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施方式对本发明作进一步详细、完整地说明。
以下实施方式中未详细说明的设备或元器件的型号，均可采用现有技术中的市售品种，仅需满足本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中各设备的功能即可，并非作为本发明的限制性选择。
图1至图5为本发明提供的一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线的优选实施方式，镁合金废料的酸洗生产线与一镁合金废料后处理***成一镁合金废料回收处理生产线，镁合金废料经酸洗生产线去除镁合金废料表面的有害杂质后，经镁合金废料后处理***处理，可直接用于生产国标镁合金锭，以提高镁合金废料的回收效率。如图1至图5所示，镁合金废料的酸洗生产线包括盛料装置10、酸洗区20、水洗区30、吊装装置40、自动 补酸换酸***50、脱水干燥装置60和环保***70，自动补酸换酸***50维持酸洗区20内的酸液浓度，酸洗区20和水洗区30单独设置，盛料装置10盛装镁合金废料，吊装装置40实现盛料装置10在酸洗区20和水洗区30之间的移动，脱水干燥装置60对经酸洗区20和水洗区30处理后的镁合金废料干燥，环保***70处理整个生产线中产生的废气和废酸。
其中镁合金废料的物料流程为：镁合金废料投入盛料装置10后，再经由吊装装置40驱动的盛料装置10分别依次进入酸洗区20和水洗区30进行酸洗和水洗，再经脱水干燥装置60脱水干燥。吊装装置40控制盛料装置10的移动，吊装装置40使盛料装置10在酸洗区20和水洗区30之间移动，镁合金废料通过盛料装置10在酸洗区20和水洗区30内自转动分别进行酸洗和水洗。镁合金废料在盛料装置10内相对外界废料封闭，同时酸洗区20和水洗区30的清洗液通过进入盛料装置10与盛料装置10内的镁合金废料接触。
图2为本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中盛料装置示意图。如图2所示，盛料装置10包括滚筒11和驱动电机12，滚筒11盛装镁合金废料且设有一转轴111，该转轴111贯穿滚筒11且连接处焊接，故而滚筒11与转轴111可同步转动，从而实现转轴111转动后传动滚筒11；驱动电机12设置在酸洗区20的一端，驱动电机12通过驱动转轴111旋转传动滚筒11旋转，此时滚筒11内镁合金废料在在酸洗区20和水洗区30内充分进行酸洗和水洗，滚筒11内的镁合金废料在滚筒11的带动下翻转，保证镁合金废料与清洗液充分接触，同时镁合金废料表面(尤其是沟槽中)的杂质在翻转过程中更容易脱落，从而保持清洗的一致性和提高清洗效率。
滚筒11为圆柱体或正多边形柱体，采用钛合金板、工程塑料板或其它耐酸性高强度板材焊接而成。滚筒11上设有多个通孔112，通孔112分布在滚筒11的筒壁上，通孔112的直径小于镁合金废料最小块的块径，通孔112的孔径为5～30mm，防止镁合金废料在酸洗和水洗过程中从通孔112中脱落，减少镁合金废料损耗，又能使酸洗区20和水洗区30内的溶液从通孔112进入到滚筒11内与镁合金废料充分接触，保证镁合金废料在酸洗和水洗过程的均匀性，缩短整体酸洗和水洗时间。
滚筒11包括物料出入口113和盖板114，通过盖板114打开和闭合物料出入口。盖板114通过铰链安装在物料出入口113外的滚筒壁上，盖合在物料出入口113。镁合金废料通过物料出入口113进出滚筒11，当进料或出料时，盖板114打开，物料出入口113为开放状态，当滚筒11在自转动过程中，盖板114关闭，物料出入口113为封闭状态。滚筒11进一步包括手柄115，手柄115与滚筒11中心线同轴或平行，设置在滚筒11的筒壁面外侧且与滚筒11固定连接，通过转动手柄115可通过控制滚筒11的转动以控制调节进料和出料时滚筒11上物料出入口113的方向，保证在进料时物料出入口113朝上，出料时物料出入口113朝下。
转轴111为实心圆柱形结构，采用钛合金或其他耐酸金属及其合金材料制造而成。吊装装置40在转移盛料装置10时，转轴111是整个吊装过程中的主要受力部件。转轴111的一端上设有传动齿轮1111，驱动电机12上设有配对的传动电机齿轮121，通过传动齿轮1111与传动电机齿轮121啮合，驱动电机12带动转轴111 旋转，从而使滚筒11转动。
同时转轴111的两端分别设置有滚动轴承1112和吊装元件1113，其中：吊装元件1113与吊装装置40配位活动连接，与本实施例中，该吊装元件1113为与转轴套接的轴承，且其直径不大于吊装装置40的吊挂钩直径；滚动轴承1112用于降低滚筒11转动时的阻力。如图2所示，转轴111从左至右依次为传动齿轮1111、吊装元件1113、滚动轴承1112、滚筒11的筒体、滚动轴承1112和吊装元件1113。
吊装装置40采用现有技术中的行车结构，与本实施例中采用的结构包括吊装电机、吊装控制器和吊装单元，吊装控制器为可编程序逻辑控制器，控制器通过控制吊装电机驱动吊装单元运动，使盛料装置10在酸洗区20和水洗区30内的位置移动，吊装装置40通过转轴111上两端的吊装元件1113吊起滚筒辅助滚筒11依次完成装料、进酸洗区、出酸洗区、进水洗区、出水洗区的动作。
镁合金废料经盛料装置10装入滚筒11后，经吊装装置40置入酸洗区20和水洗区30进行酸洗和水洗，为保证镁合金废料在酸洗和水洗过程中与清洗液充分接触，发明人在上述任一结构的酸洗生产线的基础上，对酸洗区20和水洗区30做了结构改进，使酸洗区20和水洗区30适应盛料装置10，镁合金废料在酸洗过程中与酸液充分接触，去除镁合金废料表面的氧化层和杂质，在水洗过程中双重水洗，彻底清除镁合金废料表面的残酸和残渣。
镁合金废料通过盛料装置10在酸洗区20内进行酸洗，酸洗区20包括酸洗池21、进酸通道22和出酸通道23，出酸通道23贯穿酸洗池侧壁且出酸通道23的通道壁与酸洗池底壁相切，进酸通道22贯穿酸洗池侧壁，进酸通道22的设置高度高于出酸通道23的设置高度，通过进酸通道22和出酸通道23控制酸洗池21内酸溶液进入及排放。进酸通道22为双进酸通道，双进酸通道是同一主管的两个支管，两支管分别设置且贯穿酸洗池21不同侧壁，优选两支管分别设置在酸洗池21的相对侧壁上，这样可使在进酸时酸洗池21内酸溶液混合更为均匀。
酸洗池21采用工程塑料或玻璃钢制作而成，酸洗池21有酸洗池盖，形成整个酸洗房，在未使用时(无盛料装置时)酸洗池21中的酸溶液挥发，降低原料损耗，减少大气污染。酸洗池21尺寸与滚筒11的尺寸匹配，酸洗池21的长度方向尺寸比滚筒11的高度方向尺寸大20～50cm；酸洗池21的宽度方向尺寸比滚筒11的直径大20～100cm；酸洗池21的高度方向尺寸比滚筒11的半径大10～100cm。
酸洗池21的两侧设有酸洗承力座211，两酸洗承力座211安装位置与酸洗池21的中心线同轴，滚筒11位于酸洗池21内时，转轴111上的两转动轴承1112分别安放在两酸洗承力座211上，从而保证滚筒11与酸洗池21的相对位置不变，同时降低滚筒11转动时的阻力。
图3为本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中水洗区示意图。盛料装置10的滚筒11在酸洗区20的酸洗池21酸洗后，吊装装置40通过转轴111上的两吊装元件1113吊起滚筒11，将滚筒11移动至水洗区30内水洗，如图3所示，水洗区30包括漂洗单元31、下料单元32和喷淋单元33，酸洗后的镁合金废料在水洗 区30内依次经过漂洗单元31、下料单元32和喷淋单元33，通过漂洗单元31和喷淋单元33对镁合金废料清洗，这样对酸洗后的镁合金废料在水洗区30经过漂洗和喷淋两种方式水洗，彻底清除镁合金废料表面的残酸和残渣。
滚筒11经吊装装置40从酸洗池21进入水洗区30时，滚筒11首先进入漂洗单元31，在漂洗单元31进行镁合金废料的第一次水洗，初步除去镁合金废料表面的残酸和残渣。漂洗单元31进一步包括漂洗池311，滚筒11在漂洗池311内自转动漂洗镁合金废料。漂洗池311尺寸与滚筒11的尺寸匹配，漂洗池311的面积小于酸洗区20中酸洗池21的面积，漂洗池311的面积比滚筒11的水平横截面积大，漂洗池311的深度大于滚筒11的半径，便于滚筒11在漂洗池311内转动。
漂洗池311的两端设有漂洗承力座3111，两漂洗承力座3111安装位置与漂洗池311的中心线同轴，滚筒11在漂洗池311内漂洗时，转轴111上的两转动轴承1112分别安放在两漂洗承力座3111上时，从而保证滚筒11与漂洗池311的相对位置不变，同时降低滚筒11转动时的阻力。
镁合金废料在滚筒11内在漂洗池311内漂洗结束后，吊装装置40通过转轴111上的两吊装元件1113吊起滚筒11，将滚筒11移动至下料单元32，下料单元32包括下料斗321滚筒11经吊装装置40自漂洗池311移动至下料单元32时，滚筒11经吊装装置40协助将镁合金废料自滚筒11倒入下料斗321中完成下料操作。
喷淋单元33与下料单元32连接，镁合金废料在喷淋单元33内进行第二次水洗，再次除去镁合金废料表面的剩余的残酸和残渣，喷淋单元33包括水加压器331、水喷嘴332、喷淋传输带333和喷淋防护罩334，下料斗321设置在喷淋传输带333的一端，镁合金废料从下料斗321下料后平铺在喷淋传输带333上并经喷淋传输带333运输，水喷嘴332与水加压器331连接，镁合金废料在喷淋单元33中通过水喷嘴332再次水洗，水喷嘴332与水加压器331设置在喷淋传输带333的一侧，喷淋防护罩334为三面防护罩且设置在喷淋传输带333的两侧及上方，避免镁合金废料在喷淋传输带333上经水喷嘴332喷淋时掉落，减少浪费。喷淋传输带333为一可振动的传输带板，与本实施例中，该传输带板电连接一振动电机，且为多孔结构并呈斜坡状，既便于镁合金废料在经水喷嘴332喷淋过程中渗水，又可实现振动的过程中物料在振动板上均匀前行，避免了喷淋传输带会使物料堆在一起的问题；该传输带板的坡度为10度，且两侧配有挡板，防止物料掉落。
喷淋单元33进一步包括一收集管335，收集管335一端部设置在喷淋传输带333下方，收集管335另一端部与漂洗单元31的漂洗池311连通，通过收集管335收集喷淋过程产生的废水作为漂洗池311中的水溶液，循环利用喷淋过程的废水，节约资源。
盛料装置10内的滚筒11在水洗区30完成下料操作后，再经吊装装置40吊起移动至最初阶段，进行下一轮的装料、进酸洗池、出酸洗池、进漂洗池、出漂洗池和下料操作。
为了保证镁合金废料在后续工艺中的安全性，降低镁合金废料再加工的废品率，发明人在酸洗生产线中增加了脱水干燥装置，使镁合金废料表面残留的液体加快蒸发，保证镁合金废料在后续工艺中的安全性，减 少气体夹杂，降低镁合金废料再加工的废品率。
如图1所示，脱水干燥装置60设置在水洗区30的尾部，脱水干燥装置60与水洗区30的喷淋单元33的喷淋传输带333的尾部连接，脱水干燥装置60包括风切单元61和热风烘干单元62，风切单元61和热风烘干单元62连接在一起，风切单元61与水洗区30的喷淋单元33连接，镁合金废料经水洗区30的喷淋单元33清洗后依次经过风切单元61和热风烘干单元62脱水干燥，使镁合金废料表面的液体加快蒸发，保证镁合金废料在后续工艺中的安全性，减少气体夹杂。
风切单元61可参考现有技术包括风切空压机、风切传输带、风切喷嘴和风切防护罩，其中：风切防护罩为三面防护罩且设置在风切传输带的两侧及上方；风切喷嘴安装在风切传输带上方处于风切防护罩内；风切传输带一端与水洗区的喷淋单元连接，另一端与热风烘干单元连接；风切空压机为风切喷嘴提供加压空气；镁合金废料在风切单元中，通过风切传输带传输经风切喷嘴喷出的压缩空气作用，可初步除去镁合金废料表面的液体，以减轻热风烘干工序的工作压力。
热风烘干单元62同样参考现有技术包括热风空压机、热源、热风喷嘴、热烘传输带和热烘防护罩，其中：热烘防护罩为三面防护罩设置在热烘传输带的两侧及上方，热风空压机与热源连接，热风喷嘴设置在热烘传输带上方且处于热烘防护罩内，热烘传输带的一端与风切单元的风切传输带连接；该热风烘干单元的工作原理为：由热风空压机产生的加压空气经热源加热为加压热空气，热风空压机产生加热空气进热风喷嘴喷出，镁合金废料在热烘传输带传输经热风喷嘴喷出的加压热空气烘干，快速蒸发镁合金废料表面的液体。其中热源为本领域中常用热源，如电加热或燃气加热等，以节能环保为准。
热风烘干单元62进一步包括抽气机，抽气机设置在热烘传输带的一侧，将蒸发镁合金废料表面蒸发产生的气体快速排出，避免气体冷凝，二次污染。
值得注意的是，风切单元61中的风切传输带和热风烘干单元62中的热烘传输带都为网状传输带，便于镁合金废料在风切单元61和热风烘干单元62的运输中透气渗水，同时网状传输带的网孔小于镁合金废料的最小块块径。
图4为本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中自动补酸换酸***流程图。如图4所示，为使镁合金废料在酸洗过程中酸液浓度维持预定范围，镁合金废料酸洗强度保持不变，保证酸洗效果，发明人在酸洗生产线中增加了自动补酸换酸***50，这样在酸洗过程中监测酸液变化，自动补酸换酸，维持酸液浓度在预定范围，保证酸洗效果。
如图4所示，自动补酸换酸***50包括pH值测试仪51、Mg2+浓度检测仪52、电动控制阀53、酸定量泵54、水定量泵55和控制单元56，其中：pH值测试仪51、Mg2+浓度检测仪52和电动控制阀53部分设置在酸洗池21内，酸定量泵54、水定量泵55和控制单元56部分设置在酸洗池21外；pH值测试仪51、Mg2+浓度检测仪52、电动控制阀53、酸定量泵54和水定量泵55与控制单元56数据连接，与本实施例中为相互 间并联；相应地，电动控制阀53控制出酸通道23的出酸，酸定量泵54控制进酸通道22的进酸，pH值测试仪51、Mg2+浓度检测仪52、电动控制阀53、酸定量泵54和水定量泵55与控制单元56连接，pH值测试仪51定时测试酸洗池21内酸溶液酸性，Mg2+浓度检测仪52实时检测酸洗池21内Mg2+浓度，pH值测试仪51和Mg2+浓度检测仪52将测得的信号传递给控制单元56，经控制单元56控制电动控制阀53、酸定量泵54和水定量泵55的动作。
当pH值测试仪51测试的PH值低于设定pH(>7)范围时，控制单元56接收信号后控制酸定量泵54开启，进酸通道22打开对酸洗池21进行补酸。当Mg2+浓度检测仪52的检测值超出设定Mg2+浓度范围时，控制单元56接收信号后控制电动控制阀53开启，出酸通道23开放，进行自动排酸，排酸结束后，电动控制阀53关闭，控制单元56同时控制酸定量泵54和水定量泵55开启，按照设定比例重新配置酸溶液，这样定时检测酸洗池21内的pH值和Mg2+浓度，自动补酸换酸，维持酸液浓度和Mg2+浓度在预定范围，保证酸洗效果。
在整个镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中，镁合金废料通过酸洗池21酸洗时会产生废酸和废气，发明人为了减少环境污染和节约资源，发明人在镁合金废料的酸洗生产线中增加了环保***70，通过环保***70对酸洗生产线中产生的废酸和废气进行处理，保护环境，同时节约资源。
环保***70包括废气处理单元71和废酸处理单元72，废气处理单元71和废酸处理单元72分别独立设置，用于分别回收处理整个酸洗生产线中的废气和废酸；实现该酸洗生产线的零污染排放。
废气处理单元71可采用现有技术中的废气回收方式设置，与本实施例中，为一酸气喷淋塔对酸气进行处理，该酸气喷淋塔包括风机、填料、喷淋装置、除雾装置、喷淋液循环泵和吸收塔；实现对酸性气体中和后实现酸性气体零排放，可实现对废气的环境友好处理。此外，废气处理单元71进一步包括密闭的玻璃房(图中未显示)，排气机设置在玻璃房内，排气机将玻璃房内的酸性气体排入酸气喷淋塔中。酸洗区20和水洗区30的漂洗单元31设置在玻璃房内，玻璃房的面积不小于酸洗区和漂洗单元的总面积。玻璃房设有进料门、出料门和控制感应器，控制感应器控制进料门和出料门的开关。当镁合金废料原料进入酸洗生产线时，进料门自动打开，进料结束后自动关闭；当镁合金废料原料经整个酸洗生产线处理结束出料时，出料门自动打开，出料结束后自动关闭。
废酸处理单元72可采用现有技术中的废酸回收方式设置，与本实施例中，包括依次连接中和池、过滤器、蒸发结晶器和干燥器；此外，其中，中和池与出酸通道23连通。酸洗区20的废酸依次经中和池、过滤器、蒸发结晶器和干燥器处理得到干燥镁盐，从而对废酸零排放，保护环境，节约资源。
图5为本发明提供的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线的流程图。如图5所示，该酸洗生产线包括盛料装置10、酸洗区20、水洗区30、吊装装置40、自动补酸换酸***50、脱水干燥装置60和环保***70，自动补酸换酸***50用于维持酸洗区20内的酸液浓度，酸洗区20和水洗区30单独设置，盛料装置10盛装镁合金废料，吊装装置40使盛料装置10在酸洗区20和水洗区30之间的移动，脱水干燥装置60对经酸洗区20和水洗区 30处理后的镁合金废料干燥，环保***70处理整个生产线中产生的废气和废酸。
镁合金废料在该酸洗生产线中的物料流程为：镁合金废料盛装在盛料装置10的滚筒11内；吊装装置40通过转轴111上的两吊装元件1113吊起滚筒11，移动至酸洗区20，转轴111上的两转动轴承1112分别安放在酸洗池21的两酸洗承力座211上，滚筒11置入酸洗21内，转轴111的传动齿轮1111与驱动电机12上电机齿轮121啮合，驱动电机12带动转轴111旋转，从而滚筒11在酸洗池21内转动，滚筒11内的镁合金废料随滚筒11的运动随机翻转，保证镁合金废料与酸液充分接触，同时镁合金废料表面(尤其是沟槽中)的杂质在翻转过程中更容易脱落，清除镁合金废料表面的有害杂质；酸洗结束后，滚筒11经吊装装置40置入水洗区30的漂洗单元31内，转轴111上的两转动轴承1112分别安放在两漂洗承力座3111上，滚筒11置入漂洗池311内，由驱动电机12驱动转轴111旋转带动滚筒11旋转漂洗，滚筒11内的镁合金废料随滚筒11的运动随机翻转，保证镁合金废料与水充分接触，镁合金废料在漂洗池311内第一次水洗，初步除去镁合金废料表面的残酸和残渣；漂洗结束后，滚筒11经吊装装置40移动，置入下料单元32，滚筒11经吊装装置40辅助从下料斗321完成下料操作；喷淋单元33的喷淋传输带333一端设置在下料斗321下方，从下料斗321出来的镁合金废料平铺在喷淋传输带333上，并经喷淋传输带333运输至水喷嘴332下方，水喷嘴332对喷淋传输带333上的镁合金废料喷淋，镁合金废料经喷淋单元33第二次水洗，再次除去镁合金废料表面剩余的残酸和残渣；镁合金废料在经整个水洗区30水洗结束后，运输至脱水干燥装置60，在脱水干燥装置60中先由风切单元61初步除去镁合金废料表面的液体，然后由热风烘干单元62再次进行热风烘干，最终得到干燥且已除去表面层的镁合金废料。
在镁合金废料通过盛料装置10的滚筒11在酸洗区20和水洗区30转移的过程中，滚筒11通过吊装装置40协助完成装料、进酸洗池、出酸洗池、进漂洗池、出漂洗池和下料操作。
另外酸洗区20的酸洗池21中设有自动补酸换酸***50，自动补酸换酸***50中的pH值测试仪51和Mg2+浓度检测仪52定时检测酸洗池21中的PH值和Mg2+浓度，当不符合设定范围时，由控制单元56控制电动控制阀53、酸定量泵54和水定量泵55对酸洗池21进行补酸换酸。
酸洗生产线中产生的废酸和废气由环保***70处理，环保***70中的废气处理单元71将废气集中在玻璃房内，经排气机排入碱水池中中和，这样不会污染环境；废酸依次经过废酸处理单元72中的中和池、过滤器、蒸发结晶器和干燥器得到干燥镁盐，从而对废酸零排放，保护环境，节约资源。
最后有必要在此说明的是：以上实施例只用于对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (33)

  1. 一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于，所述镁合金废料的酸洗生产线包括：盛料装置、酸洗区和水洗区，盛料装置内盛装镁合金废料，酸洗区和水洗区独立设置；
    所述酸洗生产线中的物料流程：镁合金废料投入盛料装置后，经盛料装置分别依次进入酸洗区和水洗区进行酸洗和水洗。
  2. 一种镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于，所述镁合金废料的酸洗生产线包括：盛料装置、酸洗区、水洗区和吊装装置，其中：盛料装置盛装镁合金废料，酸洗区和水洗区独立设置，吊装装置驱动盛料装置且使盛料装置在酸洗区和水洗区之间运动；
    所述酸洗生产线中的物料流程：镁合金废料投入盛料装置后，经由吊装装置带动的盛料装置分别依次进入酸洗区和水洗区进行酸洗和水洗。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：所述镁合金废料为报废的镁合金产品。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：镁合金废料在盛料装置的自转动下分别在酸洗区进行酸洗、和在水洗区进行漂洗。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：盛料装置为一电驱动的滚筒，滚筒内盛装镁合金废料，且设有一转轴，所述转轴贯穿滚筒且与滚筒固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：转轴贯穿滚筒且与滚筒焊接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：滚筒上设有多个通孔，所述通孔的直径小于镁合金废料块径。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：滚筒包括物料出入口和盖板，通过盖板打开或关闭物料出入口。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：滚筒通过一驱动电机电驱动，所述驱动电机设置在酸洗区和/或水洗区的一端，驱动电机通过驱动转轴旋转传动滚筒旋转。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：转轴的两端分别设置有与吊装装置配位活动连接的吊装元件。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：转轴上依次设置或安装传动齿轮、滚动轴承、吊装元件、滚筒、吊装元件和滚动轴承。
  12. 根据权利要求1或2所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：吊装装置为一电驱动且设有吊挂钩的吊装组件，所述吊挂钩与盛料装置的吊装元件配合以实现驱动盛料装置依次完成装料、进酸洗区、出 酸洗区、进水洗区、出水洗区或下料的动作。
  13. 根据权利要求1或2所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：酸洗区包括酸洗池、进酸通道和出酸通道，进酸通道和出酸通道分别贯穿酸洗池并与酸洗池相通。
  14. 根据权利要求1或2所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：水洗区包括漂洗单元、下料单元和喷淋单元，酸洗后的镁合金废料依次经过漂洗单元、下料单元和喷淋单元，通过漂洗单元和喷淋单元对镁合金废料进行双重水洗。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：漂洗单元为一漂洗池，盛料装置内的滚筒在漂洗池内自转动漂洗镁合金废料。
  16. 根据权利要求13或15所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：酸洗池或漂洗池的两侧均设有承力座，所述承力座安装位置与酸洗池长度方向的中心线同轴。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：下料单元为一下料斗，滚筒经吊装装置自漂洗池移动至下料单元正上方时，通过转动滚筒上的手柄调整物料出入口位置使其向下，然后打开滚筒盖板，使物料落入下料斗中，完成下料。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：喷淋单元包括水加压器、水喷嘴、喷淋传输带和喷淋防护罩，水喷嘴与水加压器设置在喷淋传输带的一侧，水喷嘴与水加压器连接，镁合金废料在喷淋单元中通过水喷嘴再次水洗，喷淋防护罩为三面防护罩且设置在喷淋传输带的两侧及上方。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：所述喷淋传输带为一可振动的传输带板。
  20. 根据权利要求15所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：下料单元设置在喷淋单元的一端，镁合金废料从下料斗下料后经喷淋传输带运输，进入喷淋单元进行第二次水洗。
  21. 根据权利要求1或2所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：所述酸洗生产线还包括脱水干燥装置，用于将经酸洗和水洗后的物料进行脱水干燥；所述脱水干燥装置包括相连但不连通的风切单元和热风烘干单元；此外，风切单元与水洗区的喷淋单元连接，镁合金废料经喷淋单元后依次经过风切单元和热风烘干单元进行脱水干燥。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：风切单元包括风切空压机、风切传输带、风切喷嘴和风切防护罩，其中：风切防护罩为三面防护罩且设置在风切传输带的两侧及上方；风切喷嘴安装在风切传输带上方处于风切防护罩内；风切传输带一端与水洗区的喷淋单元连接，另一端与热风烘干单元连接；风切空压机为风切喷嘴提供加压空气。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：热风烘干单元包括热风空压机、热源、热风喷嘴、热烘传输带和热烘防护罩，其中：热烘防护罩为三面防护罩设置在热烘传输带的两侧及上方， 热风空压机与热源连接，热风喷嘴设置在热烘传输带上方且处于热烘防护罩内，热烘传输带的一端与风切单元的风切传输带连接。
  24. 根据权利要求1或2所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：所述镁合金废料的酸洗生产线还包括一自动补酸换酸***，所述自动补酸换酸***包括pH值测试仪、Mg2+浓度检测仪、电动控制阀、酸定量泵、水定量泵和控制单元，其中：pH值测试仪、Mg2+浓度检测仪和电动控制阀部分设置在酸洗池内，酸定量泵、水定量泵和控制单元部分设置在酸洗池外；pH值测试仪、Mg2+浓度检测仪、电动控制阀、酸定量泵和水定量泵与控制单元数据连接，优选为相互间并联，pH值测试仪用于定时测试酸洗池内酸溶液酸性，Mg2+浓度检测仪用于实时检测酸洗池内Mg2+浓度，pH值测试仪和Mg2+浓度检测仪将测得的信号传递给控制单元，经控制单元控制电动控制阀、酸定量泵和水定量泵的动作；电动控制阀控制出酸通道的出酸，酸定量泵控制进酸通道的进酸。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：当pH值测试仪测试的pH值低于设定pH范围时，控制单元接收信号后控制酸定量泵开启，进酸通道打开对酸洗池进行补酸。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：当Mg2+浓度检测仪的检测值超出设定Mg2+浓度范围时，控制单元接收信号后控制电动控制阀开启，出酸通道开放，进行自动排酸，排酸结束后，电动控制阀关闭，控制单元同时控制酸定量泵和水定量泵开启，按照设定比例重新配置酸溶液。
  27. 根据权利要求24所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：pH值范围为0～7，Mg2+浓度范围为0.0～3.0mol/L。
  28. 根据权利要求1或2所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：所述酸洗生产线还包括一环保***，所述环保***包括分别独立设置的废气处理单元和废酸处理单元，废气处理单元和废酸处理单元分别用于处理整个酸洗生产线中产生的废气和废酸。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：废气处理单元为一酸气喷淋塔，所述酸气喷淋塔包括风机、填料、喷淋装置、除雾装置、喷淋液循环泵和吸收塔。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：废气处理单元进一步包括密闭的玻璃房，排气机设置在玻璃房内，排气机将玻璃房内的酸性气体排入酸气喷淋塔中。
  31. 根据权利要求28所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线，其特征在于：废酸处理单元包括依次连接的中和池、过滤器、蒸发结晶器和干燥器，酸洗区的废酸依次经中和池、过滤器、蒸发结晶器和干燥器处理得到干燥镁盐。
  32. 权利要求1-31任一所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线的应用，其特征在于：所述镁合金废料的酸洗生产线与一镁合金废料后处理***成一镁合金废料回收处理生产线，酸洗生产线用于对镁合金废料酸洗，去除镁合金废料表面的杂质。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的镁合金废料的酸洗生产线的应用，其特征在于：所述镁合金废料回收处理生产线用于生产国标镁合金锭，经酸洗生产线处理后的镁合金废料再经镁合金废料后处理***处理，得到国标镁合金锭。
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