WO2016113803A1 - Sheet manufacturing device and sheet manufacturing method - Google Patents

Sheet manufacturing device and sheet manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016113803A1
WO2016113803A1 PCT/JP2015/006278 JP2015006278W WO2016113803A1 WO 2016113803 A1 WO2016113803 A1 WO 2016113803A1 JP 2015006278 W JP2015006278 W JP 2015006278W WO 2016113803 A1 WO2016113803 A1 WO 2016113803A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roller
heating
unit
temperature
rotating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/006278
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
永井　芳之
Original Assignee
セイコーエプソン株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2015222776A external-priority patent/JP6707842B2/en
Application filed by セイコーエプソン株式会社 filed Critical セイコーエプソン株式会社
Priority to CN201580073080.6A priority Critical patent/CN107109741B/en
Priority to US15/516,496 priority patent/US10704198B2/en
Priority to EP15877759.9A priority patent/EP3246446B1/en
Publication of WO2016113803A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016113803A1/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/60—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
    • D06C15/02—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics between co-operating press or calender rolls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sheet manufacturing apparatus and a sheet manufacturing method.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a dry paper making method in which a piece of paper is defibrated with a dry defibrator to form paper.
  • a styrene / butadiene latex emulsion is sprayed onto a mat formed by dry forming fibers, and is heated and squeezed with a heating squeezing roller to obtain a paper-like product.
  • the heating and squeezing roller is configured in multiple stages, and such a multi-stage roller is necessary for applying sufficient heat to the mat to melt the styrene / butadiene latex. it is conceivable that.
  • a heater roller pair is generally used as a means for heating and pressurizing a long shaped body such as a mat, but when the amount of heat to be applied to the mat or the like is large, as in the apparatus described in the cited document 1.
  • a heater roller pair is configured in multiple stages to increase the contact time (contact area) between the roller and the mat or the like.
  • the number of roller pairs increases, making it difficult to reduce the size of the apparatus.
  • nip width a method of increasing the contact area between the roller and the mat or the like, called the nip width, by reducing the hardness of the roller.
  • deterioration of the material (for example, foam) constituting the roller having low hardness becomes remarkable, the life of the roller is shortened, the reliability is lowered, and the maintenance of the apparatus is reduced.
  • the frequency may increase.
  • One of the objects according to some embodiments of the present invention is to provide a sheet manufacturing apparatus having a heating and pressing unit that is efficient in heating and pressing a material and can be downsized.
  • the present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the problems described above, and can be realized as the following aspects or application examples.
  • a sheet manufacturing apparatus having a heating and pressing unit that forms a sheet by heating and pressurizing a material including fibers and a resin
  • the heating and pressing unit includes a rotatable first rotating unit, and a rotatable second rotating unit in contact with the first rotating unit, The material is sandwiched and heated and pressurized by the first rotating part and the second rotating part, It has a heating part which heats at least one peripheral face of the 1st rotation part and the 2nd rotation part.
  • the first rotating part and the second rotating part are roller-shaped
  • the heating unit is a heating roller having a heat source inside,
  • the heating roller may be in contact with at least one outer peripheral surface of the first rotating part and the second rotating part.
  • the heating unit is configured by a heating roller, and the roller-shaped rotating unit is heated from the surface side by the heating unit, so that the thermal efficiency is higher.
  • the diameter of the heating roller may be smaller than the diameter of the first rotating part or the second rotating part with which the heating roller is in contact.
  • the first rotating part or the second rotating part that is in contact with the heating roller is larger than the diameter of the heating roller, the first rotating part can be heated more efficiently.
  • thermoforming rollers There may be a plurality of the heating rollers.
  • the thermal conductivity of the first rotating part is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the second rotating part
  • the heating unit may heat an outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit.
  • the first rotating part may have a belt shape.
  • the first rotating portion since the first rotating portion has a belt shape, it is easy to increase the nip width, and it is easier to apply heat to the material.
  • the temperatures of the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit may be different from each other.
  • the material is difficult to stick to the first rotating part and the second rotating part, and the material and the sheet can be stably conveyed.
  • a temperature difference between the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit may be 10 ° C. or more.
  • the material is difficult to stick to the first rotating part and the second rotating part, and the material and the sheet can be conveyed more stably.
  • the hardness of the first rotating part is smaller than the hardness of the second rotating part
  • the heating roller may be in contact with the first rotating part
  • heat is supplied from the heating roller to the softer first rotating part, and the contact area between the heating roller and the first rotating part can be increased, so that the efficiency of heat conduction is higher. high.
  • the heating roller is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit, the surface can be easily heated compared to the case where a heat source is provided inside the first rotating unit.
  • the first rotating part when a heat source is arranged inside the first rotating part, a material that does not easily transfer heat to the peripheral surface of the first rotating part, or when the internal heat source is heated to a high temperature, it melts or deteriorates. Even when the material to be used is adopted, the temperature of the outer peripheral surface can be easily increased by heating on the outer peripheral surface.
  • the heating of the material can be more sufficiently performed.
  • the hardness of the first rotating part may be 40 points or less smaller in Asker-C hardness than the hardness of the second rotating part.
  • the temperature of the first rotating part may be 10 ° C. or higher than that of the second rotating part.
  • the softer first rotating part has a higher temperature
  • the harder second rotating part has a lower temperature. Therefore, the material is lower than the first rotating part and the second rotating part. Is difficult to stick, and the material and the sheet can be conveyed more stably.
  • You may have a control part for controlling the temperature of the said heating part.
  • the heating unit heats at least one of the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit from the outer peripheral surface, and the temperature of the heating unit is controlled, so the surface temperature of the rotating unit is faster. Can be set to the target temperature.
  • a sheet manufacturing apparatus for forming a sheet by heating and pressurizing a material including fiber and resin, A first roller and a second roller having a higher thermal conductivity than the first roller, and a pair of rollers for sandwiching a material between the first roller and the second roller for heating and pressing, A heating unit for heating the outer peripheral surface of the first roller; A control unit for controlling the temperature of the heating unit.
  • the heating unit heats the first roller from the outer peripheral surface, and the temperature of the heating unit is controlled, so that the surface temperature of the first roller can be set to the target temperature earlier, And the lifetime of a 1st roller can be extended compared with the case where it heats from the center side of a 1st roller.
  • the first roller is a roller containing foamed rubber
  • the second roller may be a roller having higher hardness than the first roller
  • the said control part may control the temperature of the said heating part so that the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface in the conveyance direction of a material of the said 1st roller may become fixed.
  • the first roller can be stably brought into contact with the material at a constant temperature. As a result, heating unevenness of the manufactured sheet can be reduced.
  • the heating unit includes a plurality of heating rollers for heating the outer peripheral surface of the first roller,
  • the controller may control one temperature of the plurality of heating rollers.
  • the heating roller whose temperature is controlled by the control unit may be a roller disposed at a position close to a position where the material is sandwiched in the rotation direction of the first roller.
  • a detection unit for detecting the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller may control the temperature of the heating roller based on an average surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller detected by the detection unit during a predetermined period.
  • the control unit determines the target temperature of the heating roller based on the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller and the difference between the current temperature of the heating roller and the current temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller. May be determined.
  • the control unit may determine the amount of heat of the heating roller based on a difference between a target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller and a current temperature.
  • the control unit may determine the target temperature of the heating roller based on a difference between the target temperature of the immediately preceding heating roller and the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller and the current temperature.
  • One aspect of the sheet manufacturing method according to the present invention is: Using the above sheet manufacturing apparatus, Controlling the temperature of the heating unit so that the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller on the upstream side in the material conveyance direction is constant; A step of sandwiching a material between the first roller and the second roller and heating and pressing the material.
  • the heating unit heats the first roller from the outer peripheral surface and the temperature of the heating unit is controlled, the surface temperature of the first roller can be set to the target temperature earlier. It is possible to extend the life of the first roller as compared to the case of heating from the center side of the first roller. And since a 1st roller can be stably made to contact with the material of a sheet
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a sheet manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the sheet manufacturing apparatus 100 includes a supply unit 10, a manufacturing unit 102, and a control unit 140, as shown in FIG.
  • the manufacturing unit 102 manufactures a sheet.
  • the manufacturing unit 102 includes a crushing unit 12, a defibrating unit 20, a classifying unit 30, a sorting unit 40, a mixing unit 50, a depositing unit 60, a web forming unit 70, a sheet forming unit 80, and a cutting unit. Part 90.
  • the supply unit 10 supplies raw materials to the crushing unit 12.
  • the supply unit 10 is, for example, an automatic input unit for continuously supplying raw materials to the crushing unit 12.
  • the coarse crushing unit 12 cuts the raw material supplied by the supply unit 10 into pieces by cutting in air.
  • the shape and size of the strip is, for example, a strip of several cm square.
  • the crushing unit 12 has a crushing blade 14, and the charged raw material can be cut by the crushing blade 14.
  • a shredder is used, for example.
  • the raw material cut by the crushing unit 12 is received by the hopper 1 and then transferred (conveyed) to the defibrating unit 20 through the pipe 2.
  • the defibrating unit 20 defibrates the raw material cut by the crushing unit 12.
  • “defibration” means unraveling a raw material (a material to be defibrated) formed by binding a plurality of fibers into individual fibers.
  • the defibrating unit 20 also has a function of separating substances such as resin particles, ink, toner, and a bleeding inhibitor adhering to the raw material from the fibers.
  • the “defibrated material” includes resin particles (resins that bind multiple fibers together), ink, toner, etc. In some cases, additives such as colorants, anti-bleeding materials, and paper strength enhancing agents are included.
  • the shape of the defibrated material that has been unraveled is a string shape or a ribbon shape.
  • the unraveled defibrated material may exist in an unentangled state (independent state) with other undisentangled fibers, or entangled with other undisentangled defibrated material to form a lump. It may exist in a state (a state forming a so-called “dama”).
  • the defibrating unit 20 performs defibration in a dry manner in the atmosphere (in the air). Specifically, an impeller mill is used as the defibrating unit 20.
  • the defibrating unit 20 has a function of generating an air flow that sucks the raw material and discharges the defibrated material. Thereby, the defibrating unit 20 can suck the raw material together with the airflow from the introduction port 22 by the airflow generated by itself, defibrate it, and transport it to the discharge port 24.
  • the defibrated material that has passed through the defibrating unit 20 is transferred to the classifying unit 30 via the tube 3.
  • the classifying unit 30 classifies the defibrated material that has passed through the defibrating unit 20. Specifically, the classifying unit 30 separates and removes relatively small ones or low density ones (resin particles, colorants, additives, etc.) among the defibrated materials. Thereby, the ratio for which the fiber which is a comparatively large or high density thing among defibrated materials can be raised.
  • an airflow classifier is used as the classification unit 30.
  • the airflow classifier generates a swirling airflow and separates it according to the difference in centrifugal force depending on the size and density of what is classified, and the classification point can be adjusted by adjusting the speed and centrifugal force of the airflow.
  • a cyclone, an elbow jet, an eddy classifier, or the like is used as the classification unit 30.
  • a cyclone as shown in the figure can be suitably used as the classifying unit 30 because of its simple structure.
  • the classification unit 30 includes, for example, an inlet 31, a cylindrical part 32 to which the inlet 31 is connected, an inverted conical part 33 that is located below the cylindrical part 32 and continues to the cylindrical part 32, and an inverted conical part 33.
  • the lower discharge port 34 provided in the lower center of the upper portion and the upper discharge port 35 provided in the upper center of the cylindrical portion 32 are provided.
  • the classification unit 30 includes fibers (first classified material) larger than the resin particles and ink particles in the defibrated material, and the defibrated material. Among them, it can be separated into resin particles, colorants, additives, etc. (second classified product) that are smaller than the fibers and have a low density.
  • the first classified product is discharged from the lower discharge port 34 and is introduced into the sorting unit 40 through the pipe 4.
  • the second classified product is discharged from the upper discharge port 35 to the receiving portion 36 through the pipe 5.
  • the sorting unit 40 introduces the first classified product that has passed through the classifying unit 30 from the introduction port 42 and sorts the first classified product according to the length of the fiber.
  • the selection unit 40 for example, a sieve is used.
  • the sorting unit 40 has a net (filter, screen), and includes fibers or particles (those that pass through the net, the first sort) that are smaller than the mesh size included in the first classification, Fibers that are larger than the size of the mesh, undefibrated pieces, and lumps (those that do not pass through the net, second selection) can be separated.
  • the first selection is received by the hopper 6 and then transferred to the mixing unit 50 via the pipe 7.
  • the second selected item is returned to the defibrating unit 20 from the discharge port 44 through the pipe 8.
  • the sorting unit 40 is a cylindrical sieve that can be rotated by a motor.
  • a metal net for example, an expanded metal obtained by extending a cut metal plate, or a punching metal in which a hole is formed in the metal plate by a press machine or the like is used.
  • the mixing unit 50 mixes the first sorted product that has passed through the sorting unit 40 and the additive containing the resin.
  • the mixing unit 50 includes an additive supply unit 52 that supplies the additive, a pipe 54 that conveys the selected product and the additive, and a blower 56.
  • the additive is supplied from the additive supply unit 52 to the pipe 54 via the hopper 9.
  • the tube 54 is continuous with the tube 7.
  • the mechanism which mixes a 1st selection material and an additive is not specifically limited, It may stir with the blade
  • the additive supply unit 52 As the additive supply unit 52, a screw feeder as shown in FIG. 1 or a disk feeder (not shown) is used.
  • the additive supplied from the additive supply unit 52 includes a resin for binding a plurality of fibers. At the time when the resin is supplied, the plurality of fibers are not bound. The resin melts when passing through the sheet forming portion 80 and binds a plurality of fibers.
  • the resin supplied from the additive supply unit 52 is a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin.
  • a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin for example, AS resin, ABS resin, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyethylene terephthalate, Polyphenylene ether, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyacetal, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, and the like. These resins may be used alone or in combination.
  • the additive supplied from the additive supply unit 52 may be fibrous or powdery.
  • the additive supplied from the additive supply unit 52 prevents coloring of the fibers and the aggregation of the fibers depending on the type of sheet to be produced.
  • An anti-agglomeration material, a flame retardant for making the fiber and the like difficult to burn may be included.
  • the mixture (mixture of the first classified product and the additive) that has passed through the mixing unit 50 is transferred to the deposition unit 60 via the pipe 54.
  • the deposition unit 60 introduces the mixture that has passed through the mixing unit 50 from the introduction port 62, loosens the entangled defibrated material (fibers), and lowers it while dispersing it in the air. Furthermore, when the additive resin supplied from the additive supply unit 52 is fibrous, the deposition unit 60 loosens the entangled resin. Thereby, the deposition unit 60 can deposit the mixture on the web forming unit 70 with good uniformity.
  • Rotating cylindrical sieve is used as the accumulation unit 60.
  • the deposition unit 60 has a net, and drops fibers or particles (those that pass through the net) included in the mixture that has passed through the mixing unit 50 that are smaller than the mesh opening size.
  • the configuration of the deposition unit 60 is the same as the configuration of the sorting unit 40, for example.
  • the “sieving” of the accumulation unit 60 may not have a function of selecting a specific object. That is, the “sieving” used as the depositing unit 60 means that the net is provided, and the depositing unit 60 may drop all of the mixture introduced into the depositing unit 60.
  • the web forming unit 70 deposits the passing material that has passed through the depositing unit 60 to form the web W.
  • the web forming unit 70 includes, for example, a mesh belt 72, a tension roller 74, and a suction mechanism 76.
  • the mesh belt 72 accumulates the passing material that has passed through the opening (opening of the mesh) of the accumulation unit 60 while moving.
  • the mesh belt 72 is stretched by a stretching roller 74, and is configured to allow air to pass therethrough.
  • the mesh belt 72 moves as the stretching roller 74 rotates. While the mesh belt 72 continuously moves, the passing material that has passed through the accumulation portion 60 is continuously piled up, whereby the web W is formed on the mesh belt 72.
  • the mesh belt 72 is made of, for example, metal, resin, cloth, or non-woven fabric.
  • the suction mechanism 76 is provided below the mesh belt 72 (on the side opposite to the accumulation unit 60 side).
  • the suction mechanism 76 can generate an air flow directed downward (air flow directed from the accumulation unit 60 toward the mesh belt 72).
  • the suction mechanism 76 By the suction mechanism 76, the mixture dispersed in the air by the deposition unit 60 can be sucked onto the mesh belt 72. Thereby, the discharge speed from the deposition part 60 can be increased.
  • the suction mechanism 76 can form a downflow in the dropping path of the mixture, and can prevent the defibrated material and additives from being entangled during the dropping.
  • the web W in a soft and inflated state containing a large amount of air is formed by passing through the depositing section 60 and the web forming section 70 (web forming process).
  • the web W deposited on the mesh belt 72 is conveyed to the sheet forming unit 80.
  • a humidity control unit 78 that adjusts the humidity of the web W is provided.
  • the humidity control unit 78 can adjust the amount ratio of the web W and water by adding water or water vapor to the web W.
  • the sheet forming unit 80 forms the sheet S by heating and pressing the web W deposited on the mesh belt 72.
  • the sheet forming unit 80 by heating the mixture of the defibrated material and the additive mixed in the web W, the plurality of fibers in the mixture are bound to each other via the additive (resin). Can do.
  • the sheet forming unit 80 for example, a heating roller (heater roller), a hot press molding machine, a hot plate, a hot air blower, an infrared heater, or a flash fixing device is used.
  • the sheet forming unit 80 includes a pair of heater rollers 86.
  • the heater roller 86 By configuring the sheet forming unit 80 as the heater roller 86, it is possible to form the sheet S while continuously conveying the web W as compared to a case where the sheet forming unit 80 is configured as a plate-like pressing device (flat plate pressing device).
  • the number of heater rollers 86, the number of stages, etc. are not particularly limited.
  • the pair of heater rollers 86 of the sheet forming unit 80 may be pressurized in addition to heating the web W, and may function as a heating and pressing unit. Further, the sheet forming unit 80 may include a pair of pressure rollers (not shown) that perform only pressure without heating the web W. Note that details of a case where the sheet forming unit 80 is a heating and pressing unit including a pair of rollers that sandwich the web W (portion surrounded by a broken line in FIG. 1) will be described later.
  • the cutting unit 90 cuts the sheet S formed by the sheet forming unit 80.
  • the cutting unit 90 includes a first cutting unit 92 that cuts the sheet S in a direction that intersects the conveyance direction of the sheet S, and a second cutting unit 94 that cuts the sheet S in a direction parallel to the conveyance direction. ,have.
  • the second cutting unit 94 cuts the sheet S that has passed through the first cutting unit 92, for example.
  • a single-sheet sheet S having a predetermined size is formed.
  • the cut sheet S is discharged to the discharge unit 96.
  • the sheet manufacturing apparatus of the present embodiment forms the sheet S by heating and pressing the web W in the above-described sheet forming unit 80.
  • the web W is formed by the deposition unit 60 using a material containing fibers and resin.
  • the sheet forming unit 80 is a heating and pressing unit that heats and presses the web W.
  • the heating and pressing unit is simply illustrated as a pair of heater rollers 86.
  • the heating and pressing unit 180 includes a rotatable first rotating unit 181, a rotatable second rotating unit 182, and a heating unit 183. 2, 4 and 5 are diagrams schematically showing an example of the heating and pressing unit of the present embodiment.
  • first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 are both outer peripheral surfaces that move with rotation. And part of the outer peripheral surface is arranged in contact with each other.
  • the web S is sandwiched and heated and pressed by the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 to form the sheet S.
  • the heating unit 183 is disposed so as to heat at least one outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182.
  • Examples of the shapes of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 include a roller shape and a belt shape. Both the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 may be roller-shaped, one may be roller-shaped and the other belt-shaped, or both may be belt-shaped. In the example shown in FIG.2 and FIG.4, both the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 are roller shapes. In the example shown in FIG. 5, one of the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 has a belt shape and the other has a roller shape.
  • both the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 are roller shapes
  • the web W is pinched
  • the rotation center axis of the roller is arranged in parallel at such an interval as to take up.
  • power may be applied to one of the rollers to be an active roller (drive roller), or both may be active rollers.
  • the other may be a driven roller.
  • the diameter of a roller is arbitrary.
  • a diameter may mutually be same or different.
  • the diameter of the roller means a diameter of a cross section perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the roller.
  • the area that contacts the rotating part when the web W is sandwiched can be increased.
  • the area in contact with the rotating portion when the web W is sandwiched is the length of the area in contact with the web W in the direction along the rotation center axis of the roller and the length of the area in contact with the web W in the direction along the outer periphery of the roller. (Which may be regarded as a straight line approximately). In the present specification, the length of the region in contact with the web W in the direction along the outer periphery of the roller may be referred to as “nip width”.
  • the web W is sandwiched between the belt and the roller.
  • the belt is brought into pressure contact with the roller with such a tension that pressure is applied to W. This is preferable because the area in contact with the rotating portion when the web W is sandwiched can be increased.
  • the heating unit 183 can heat the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 or the second rotating unit 182, the mode is arbitrary, and the heating unit 183 contacts the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 or the second rotating unit 182. May be heated or may be heated without contact.
  • the heating unit 183 is configured by a heating roller whose outer peripheral surface is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181.
  • the heating unit 183 is configured by an electric heater that is disposed apart from the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 (belt shape).
  • a plurality of heating units 183 may be provided, or a mode of heating by contact may be combined with a mode of heating without contact.
  • Examples of the heating unit 183 that contacts the outer circumferential surface of the first rotating unit 181 or the second rotating unit 182 include a hot plate in addition to a heating roller (heater roller).
  • heating by radiant heat such as an electric heater or a halogen heater, microwave heating, IH heating, hot air heating, etc. Is mentioned.
  • the outer peripheral surface heated by the heating unit 183 can be at least one of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182.
  • the heating unit 183 heats the outer peripheral surface of the rotating unit, the rotating unit does not need to include a heat source such as a heater inside the rotating unit. However, even in this case, a heat source may be provided inside the rotating unit.
  • the second rotating part 182 is a heating roller having a heat source H at the center of rotation.
  • the first rotating part 181 includes a flexible material
  • the nip width can be increased even if the second rotating part 182 is formed of a hard material such as metal. Therefore, in the second rotating unit 182, since the deterioration of the material of the roller hardly occurs, the reliability is not easily lost even if the heat source H is arranged near the rotation center.
  • FIG. 2 shows a heating and pressurizing unit that is the sheet forming unit 80 as a roller-shaped first rotating unit 181, a roller-shaped second rotating unit 182, and a roller-shaped heating unit.
  • 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example configured by a unit 183.
  • the heating unit 183 is a heating roller, and the heating roller is configured to be in contact with the roller-shaped first rotating unit 181 so as to heat the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181.
  • the 1st rotation part 181 is in contact with the roller-shaped 2nd rotation part 182, and the web W is inserted in the said contact part.
  • the web W is heated and pressurized by the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 rotating, it is conveyed, and the sheet
  • the first rotating portion 181 includes a cored bar 184 at the center of rotation and a soft body 185 arranged so as to surround the periphery thereof.
  • the core metal 184 is made of a metal such as aluminum, iron, or stainless steel
  • the soft body 185 is made of, for example, silicon rubber, urethane rubber, fluorine rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, or the like.
  • the soft body 185 may be such a rubber foam.
  • the roller-shaped first rotating portion 181 may be entirely constituted by the soft body 185 without including the cored bar 184 within a range in which the mechanical strength can be maintained.
  • the surface of the first rotating portion 181 is not shown with a fluorine-containing layer such as PFA (tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer) or PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or a fluorine coating such as PTFE.
  • a release layer may be provided.
  • the second rotating unit 182 and the heating unit 183 are configured by heating rollers.
  • the heating roller is composed of a hollow cored bar 187 made of aluminum, iron, stainless steel or the like. Further, on the surface of the heating roller, a layer containing fluorine such as PFA or PTFE or a release layer 188 of fluorine coating such as PTFE is provided.
  • the release layer 188 can be provided as necessary.
  • An elastic layer made of silicon rubber, urethane rubber, cotton, or the like may be provided between the cored bar 187 and the release layer 188.
  • a halogen heater is provided as a heat source H inside the heating roller (inside the cored bar 187).
  • the heat source H is controlled so that the surface temperature of the heating roller is maintained at a predetermined temperature.
  • the heat source H is not limited to a halogen heater or the like, and for example, heating by a non-contact heater or heating by hot air may be used.
  • the configurations of the second rotating unit 182 and the heating unit 183 may be the same as or different from each other.
  • the load that presses the rollers of the first rotating unit 181, the second rotating unit 182, and the heating unit 183 in the example of FIG. 2 is not particularly limited, and a predetermined pressure can be applied to the web W or the sheet S. It is appropriately set within a range in which predetermined heat can be applied from the heating unit 183 to the one rotating unit 181.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion where the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 in the aspect of FIG. 2 are in contact with each other.
  • the first rotating part 181 of one of the pair of rollers includes the soft body 185, the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 are brought into pressure contact with each other to perform the first rotation.
  • the contact surface of the part 181 is easier to deform than the contact surface of the second rotating part 182.
  • the nip width when the web W or the sheet S is heated and pressurized can be increased by the deformation of the first rotating unit 181.
  • the contact area can be increased as compared with the case where the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 have the same hardness, the web W and the sheet S can be heated more efficiently.
  • the nip width when the nip width is increased, it is preferable that there is a difference in hardness between the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182, for example, Asker-C hardness (Japan Rubber Association Standard: SRIS). ⁇ 0101-1968), it is preferable that there is a difference of 30 points or more, preferably 40 points or more, more preferably 50 points or more. If the difference in hardness is within this range, the nip width can be easily set to, for example, 10 mm to 40 mm, preferably 15 mm to 30 mm, and more preferably 15 mm to 25 mm.
  • the surface pressure for example 0.1 kgf / mm 2 or more 10 kgf / mm 2 or less, preferably 0.5 kgf / mm 2 or more 5 kgf / mm 2 or less More preferably, it is easy to set to 1 kgf / mm 2 or more and 3 kgf / mm 2 or less.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an aspect in which a plurality of heating units 183 are in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181. As shown in FIG. 4, by providing a plurality of heating units 183, it is easier to heat the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 even when the hardness of the first rotating unit 181 is small.
  • the outer peripheral surface of only the first rotating part 181 is heated by the heating part 183, but a heating part for heating the outer peripheral part of the second rotating part 182 may be provided.
  • only the first rotating unit 181 includes the soft body 185, but the second rotating unit 182 also includes a roller including the soft body 185 (for example, similar to the first rotating unit 181). May be adopted. In this way, the nip width can be further increased.
  • the first rotating unit 181 includes the soft body 185 as in the example of FIG. 2, even when the heating unit 183 is configured by a heating roller having high hardness, the contact area between the two can be increased. Therefore, the efficiency of heating the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating part 181 can be increased.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example in which the heating and pressing unit that is the sheet forming unit 80 includes a belt-shaped first rotating unit 181, a roller-shaped second rotating unit 182, and a non-contact heating unit 183. .
  • the heating unit 183 is an electric heater, and is configured so that the outer peripheral surface of the belt-shaped first rotating unit 181 can be heated by radiant heat from the heater. Moreover, the 1st rotation part 181 is in contact with the roller-shaped 2nd rotation part 182, and the web W is inserted in the said contact part. And the web W is heated and pressurized by the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 rotating, it is conveyed, and the sheet
  • the material of the belt is not particularly limited, but may include, for example, metal, rubber, fiber, and the like.
  • the material of the belt is appropriately designed as long as the mechanical strength when the belt is stretched by the stretching roller 189 and the pressure contact force against the second rotating part 182 can be maintained.
  • first rotating portion 181 is a belt
  • a layer containing fluorine such as PFA (tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer) or PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PTFE, or the like is used on the surface.
  • a release layer (not shown) of fluorine coating may be provided.
  • the second rotating unit 182 in the example of FIG. 5 is configured by a heating roller.
  • the heating roller is the same as the example in FIGS.
  • the heating unit 183 in the example of FIG. 5 is an electric heater that heats the outer peripheral surface of the belt.
  • heating by radiant heat using a halogen heater or the like, microwave heating, hot air heating, or the like may be applied.
  • IH heating can also be applied.
  • a hot plate or the like may be applied in addition to a heating roller (heater roller) that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the belt.
  • the roller (second rotating portion 182) is in pressure contact with the stretched belt (first rotating portion 181).
  • the tension roller 189 may be in pressure contact with the roller (second rotating portion 182) via a belt.
  • the first rotating unit 181 may be used in combination with other rollers.
  • the load that presses the first rotating portion 181 and the second rotating portion 182 in the example of FIG. 5 is not particularly limited, and a predetermined pressure can be applied to the web W or the sheet S, and the first rotating portion 181 can be applied to the first rotating portion 181. It is appropriately set within a range in which predetermined heat can be applied from the heating unit 183.
  • the temperature of the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit When the sheet manufacturing apparatus 100 is operated to manufacture the sheet S, the heat applied to the web W in the sheet forming unit 80 is generated by the fibers in the web W due to the additives. It is set appropriately as long as it can be bound and does not cause deterioration of the material. Therefore, as long as such a function can be exhibited, the temperatures of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 of the sheet forming unit 80 (pressure heating unit) can be arbitrarily set.
  • the temperature of the rotating portion refers to the temperature of the outer surface when contacting the web W, but may be an average temperature of the entire outer surface of the rotating portion as long as the heat capacity of the rotating portion is large.
  • the temperatures of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 when forming the sheet S may be the same or different. If the temperature of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 when forming the sheet S is set to be the same, heat can be applied evenly from both sides to the web W or the sheet S. In some cases, it can be suppressed.
  • the temperatures of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 when forming the sheet S are set to different temperatures, a temperature difference can be generated in the thickness direction of the sheet S, and the surface temperature is high.
  • the shrinkage amount due to heat increases and the sheet S tends to warp toward the surface having a higher surface temperature, the sheet S is prevented from sticking to the first rotating part 181 or the second rotating part 182.
  • the temperature of both is 5 ° C. or higher, preferably 7 ° C. or higher, more preferably 10
  • the temperature difference is at least 15 ° C, more preferably at least 15 ° C. In this case, the sheet S may be less likely to be stuck by the first rotating unit 181 or the second rotating unit 182.
  • the temperature of the rotation part (for example, the 2nd rotation part 182 in the example of FIG.2, FIG4 and FIG.5) which has higher hardness. It is preferable to lower the value. By doing so, the sheet S tends to follow the rotating part having a higher hardness due to deformation due to the hardness difference of the rotating part, and the surface temperature of the sheet S is high due to the temperature difference in the thickness direction of the sheet S. Since the tendency to warp toward the surface side is offset, it may be possible to suppress the sheet S from sticking to the rotating part having higher hardness.
  • the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182 is heated by the heating unit 183, the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182 is rotated toward the center of rotation. There is no need to arrange the heat source H. If it does so, since the outer peripheral surface which contacts the web W and the sheet
  • the soft body 185 is pressed against the heating unit 183.
  • the contact area between the first rotating part 181 and / or the second rotating part 182 and the heating part 183 can be increased.
  • the heat transfer efficiency from the heating unit 183 to the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182 can be increased.
  • the outer diameter of the first rotating part 181 and / or the second rotating part 182 is larger than the outer diameter of the heating part 183 (the first rotating part 181 in which the outer diameter of the heating roller of the heating part 183 contacts as a heating target). Or it is smaller than the outer diameter of the roller of the 2nd rotation part 182), and it can heat more efficiently.
  • a roller including a soft body 185 is employed for the first rotating part 181 and / or the second rotating part 182, and the material of the soft body 185 is a polymer compound such as a silicon resin, a urethane resin, or a fluorine resin. In some cases, degradation due to heat is considered.
  • the heat source H of the roller is provided near the rotation center, the temperature near the rotation center is controlled to a higher temperature in order to control the temperature of the outer surface of the roller to a predetermined temperature.
  • the heating unit 183 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182, so that the inside of the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182 is inside. Compared with the case where the heat source H is provided in the surface, the surface is easily heated to a high temperature.
  • the first rotating part 181 or the second rotating part 182 when a heat source is arranged inside the rotating part, a material that does not easily transfer heat to the peripheral surface of the rotating part, or melts when the internal heat source is heated to a high temperature.
  • a material that deteriorates for example, foamed urethane or the like in the example of the soft body 185 described above
  • heat can be transferred from the central portion that becomes higher temperature by heating on the outer peripheral surface. Therefore, it is difficult to cause deterioration of the material, and it is easy to raise the temperature of the outer peripheral surface. Therefore, if such a heating and pressing unit is employed in the sheet manufacturing apparatus, the life is long and the reliability can be improved.
  • the nip width when the sheet is heated and pressed when the material is sandwiched is made higher than the rollers having high hardness are brought into contact with each other. Therefore, the material can be heated more sufficiently.
  • first rotating unit the second rotating unit
  • heating unit can be appropriately combined.
  • Each number is also arbitrary and can be appropriately configured.
  • the sheet manufacturing apparatus is a sheet manufacturing apparatus that forms a sheet by heating and pressurizing a material including fibers and a resin.
  • the first roller and the first roller having higher thermal conductivity than the first roller.
  • the heating unit 183 described above is a heating roller (heating unit) that contacts the first roller 191 and heats the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191, and three heating rollers for one first roller 191. 193a, the heating roller 193b, and the heating roller 193c are in contact with each other.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a sheet forming unit 80 (heating and pressing unit) for performing temperature control according to the embodiment.
  • each of the first roller 191 and the second roller 192 has an outer peripheral surface that moves with rotation, and a part of the outer peripheral surface is disposed in contact with each other. Then, the web S is sandwiched between the first roller 191 and the second roller 192 and heated and pressed to form the sheet S.
  • the first roller 191 is made of a material including foamed rubber 195 (corresponding to the soft body 185 described above), and the foam core disposed around the core metal 194 at the center of rotation. And rubber 195.
  • the second roller 192 has a structure in which a release layer 198 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a metal core bar 197. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the first roller 191 including the foamed rubber 195 is lower than that of the second roller 192. Further, the surface hardness of the first roller 191 including the foamed rubber 195 is lower than that of the second roller 192.
  • first roller 191 and the second roller 192 are both roller-shaped, at intervals such that pressure is applied to the web W when the web W is sandwiched between the rollers,
  • the rotation center axis of the roller is arranged in parallel.
  • Each heating roller 193a, the heating roller 193b, and the heating roller 193c are in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 of the first roller 191 to heat.
  • a halogen heater is provided as a heat source H inside each heating roller 193a, heating roller 193b, and heating roller 193c (inside the cored bar 197).
  • the amount of heat (energy) given to the heat source H is controlled so that the surface temperature of the heating roller becomes a predetermined temperature.
  • the thermistors 199 are provided so as to be in contact with the surfaces of the heating roller 193 c and the first roller 191 as detection units for detecting the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of each roller.
  • the thermistor 199 detects the temperature of the portion of the roller that is in contact and sends a signal.
  • a thermistor (not shown) is also provided on the surface of the heating roller 193a, the heating roller 193b, or the second roller 192.
  • each roller may be provided with a plurality of thermistors.
  • Each heating roller, first roller 191, second roller 192, and each thermistor 199 are connected to a control unit (not shown) to control the rotation and temperature of each roller.
  • a control unit not shown
  • the surface temperature of the first roller 191 is predetermined by controlling at least one of these heating rollers as described below. The temperature is controlled so that
  • the first roller 191 is provided with a thermistor 199 on the upstream side in the material conveyance direction. That is, the thermistor 199 provided on the first roller 191 detects the temperature just before the first roller 191 contacts the material (web W) (immediately before the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface on the upstream side in the material conveyance direction). ing. And a control part controls the temperature of the heating roller 193c so that the surface temperature of the 1st roller 191 in the position concerned becomes constant. The temperature of the heating roller 193c is controlled by adjusting the energy (heat amount) given to the heat source H of the heating roller 193c based on a signal from the control unit.
  • first roller 191 of this embodiment Several examples of temperature control of the first roller 191 of this embodiment will be described below.
  • the first roller 191 comes into contact with the material (web W) at a predetermined temperature
  • the heat of the surface is taken and the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface decreases.
  • the outer peripheral surface comes into contact with the heating roller and is heated, and then returned to a predetermined temperature until it comes into contact with the material.
  • the heat taken away from the first roller 191 is consumed by, for example, melting of the resin or evaporation of moisture.
  • the heating roller 193c disposed at a position farther from the position where the material is sandwiched in the rotation direction of the first roller 191. To control the temperature.
  • Control method 1 As an example of the control method, control based on the following control equation (1) will be described.
  • Q k 1 ⁇ T m, t + k 2 (T e, c ⁇ T m, c ) ⁇ T e, c ⁇ (1)
  • Q is the amount of heat (energy) applied to the heating roller 193c
  • T is the surface temperature of the roller represented by the subscript (obtained by each thermistor 199)
  • k 1 and k 2 are proportional constants.
  • the subscript “m” means the first roller 191
  • e means the heating roller 193c
  • t means the target
  • c means the present.
  • T m, t represents the target temperature of the first roller 191
  • T e, c represents the current temperature of the heating roller 193 c
  • T m, c represents the current temperature of the first roller 191.
  • T m, t + k 2 (T e, c ⁇ T m, c ) represents the target temperature of the heating roller 193c.
  • the amount of heat (target temperature) given to the heating roller 193c is set to the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191, the current temperature of the heating roller 193c, and the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191. It is determined based on the difference from the current temperature.
  • the temperature of the part just before contacting the material of the 1st roller 191 can be made to reach target temperature in a shorter time. This also makes it possible to return to the target temperature and stabilize in a shorter time even when disturbance or perturbation occurs, for example, when the amount of heat lost to the material (web W) occurs.
  • Control method 2 As an example of the control method, control based on the following control equation (2) will be described.
  • Equation (2) corresponds to the case where k 2 in Equation (1) is 1. In the control according to the equation (2), it is determined based on the difference between the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 and the current temperature.
  • the temperature of the part just before contacting the material of the 1st roller 191 can be made to reach target temperature in a shorter time. This also makes it possible to return to the target temperature and stabilize in a shorter time even when disturbance or perturbation occurs, for example, when the amount of heat lost to the material (web W) occurs.
  • Control method 3 As an example of the control method, control based on the following control equation (3) will be described.
  • Q k 1 ⁇ T e, t, p + k 2 (T m, t ⁇ T m, c ) ⁇ T e, c ⁇ (3)
  • Q is the amount of heat (energy) applied to the heating roller 193c
  • T is the surface temperature of the roller represented by the subscript (obtained by each thermistor 199)
  • k 1 and k 2 are proportional constants.
  • the subscript “e” means the heating roller 193c
  • t means the target
  • p means the previous time
  • c means the current time
  • m means the first roller 191.
  • T e, t, p is the previous target temperature of the heating roller 193 c
  • T m, t is the target temperature of the first roller 191
  • T m, c is the current target temperature of the first roller 191.
  • the temperature “T e, c ” represents the current temperature of the heating roller 193c.
  • T e, t, p + k 2 (T m, t ⁇ T m, c )” represents the current target temperature of the heating roller 193c.
  • the control by the expression (3) is based on the difference between the target temperature of the heating roller 193c and the target temperature of the immediately preceding (previous) heating roller 193c and the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 and the current temperature. It is to be decided. Further, the control of Expression (3) is so-called sequential integration control.
  • the temperature of the part just before contacting the material of the 1st roller 191 can be made to reach target temperature in a shorter time. This also makes it possible to return to the target temperature and stabilize in a shorter time even when disturbance or perturbation occurs, for example, when the amount of heat lost to the material (web W) occurs. Furthermore, according to the control according to the expression (3), the temperature of the heating roller 193c does not increase extremely, so that the life of each roller or heater can be extended.
  • the control unit controls the temperature of the heating roller 193c based on the average surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 detected by the detection unit (thermistor 199) during a predetermined period. Also good. Specifically, in any of the control methods 1 to 3, “T m, c ”, that is, the current temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 may be set as the average temperature for a predetermined period.
  • the predetermined period is, for example, the past 30 seconds from the measurement (detection) time point, preferably 20 seconds, more preferably 10 seconds, and further preferably 5 seconds.
  • the predetermined period may be determined by the number of rotations of the first roller 191. For example, the past three rotations, preferably two rotations, more preferably one rotation, and even more preferably 0.5 from the time of measurement (detection). It is a rotation.
  • the first roller 191 includes the foamed rubber, the heat insulation is high (the thermal conductivity is low), and the temperature correlation between the different positions in the circumferential direction is small. In other words, since the first roller 191 has a large heat conduction resistance, it is difficult for heat to be transmitted and the first roller 191 does not easily have a uniform temperature in the circumferential direction. For this reason, it may be inappropriate to simply apply feedback to the amount of heat of the heating roller 193c based on only the temperature detected by the thermistor 199 provided at one place on the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191.
  • the average temperature in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 is brought closer to the target temperature by controlling the temperature of the heating roller 193c based on the average temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191. be able to.
  • the temperature control of the heating roller 193c disposed at the position closest to the position where the material is sandwiched in the rotation direction of the first roller 191 among the three heating rollers has been described.
  • Such control can be applied to at least one of the heating roller 193a, the heating roller 193b, and the heating roller 193c, but when applied to the heating roller 193c as described above, the position where the first roller 191 contacts the material. Because it is close to, it is more efficient.
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 are graphs showing changes with time in the surface temperatures of the heating roller 193c and the first roller 191 obtained by experiments.
  • changes with time in the surface temperatures of the heating roller 193c and the first roller 191 according to each of the above control methods in the arrangement of the first roller 191, the heating roller 193c, and the thermistor 199 configured as shown in FIG. 6 were measured.
  • the thermal conductivity of the first roller 191 is 0.05 (unit: W / (m / k)), the diameter is 70 (mm), the length is 340 (mm), and the heating roller 193c is The diameter was 20 (mm) and the length was 340 (mm).
  • the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the 1st roller 191 was made into the average temperature for the last 5 seconds.
  • the target temperature of the first roller 191 was 180 ° C.
  • FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9 show the results of controlling the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 using the above-described formulas (1), (2), and (3) of the present embodiment, respectively.
  • FIG. 10 shows the results when the target temperature of the heating roller 193c is 205 ° C.
  • the control equations (1) to (3) are used, the temperature of the portion immediately before contacting the material of the first roller 191 can reach the target temperature in a shorter time. Further, for example, when a disturbance or perturbation occurs, such as when the amount of heat lost to the material (web W) occurs, it can be expected that the target temperature can be returned to and stabilized in a shorter time. Furthermore, it has been found that if the control equations (2) and (3) are used, the temperature of the heating roller 193c does not increase extremely, so that the life of the heating roller 193c and the first roller 191 can be extended.
  • the present invention includes configurations that are substantially the same as the configurations described in the embodiments (configurations that have the same functions, methods, and results, or configurations that have the same objects and effects).
  • the invention includes a configuration in which a non-essential part of the configuration described in the embodiment is replaced.
  • the present invention includes a configuration that exhibits the same operational effects as the configuration described in the embodiment or a configuration that can achieve the same object.
  • the invention includes a configuration in which a known technique is added to the configuration described in the embodiment.
  • mold release Layer 191 ... first roller, 192 ... second roller, 193 ... heating roller, 194 ... core metal, 195 ... foam rubber, 197 ... core metal, 198 ... release layer, 199 ... thermistor, S ... sheet, W ... Web, H ... heat source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

To provide a sheet manufacturing device having a heating/pressurizing section that has a high efficiency of heating and pressurizing a material, and a reduced size. This sheet manufacturing device has a heating/pressurizing section that forms a sheet by heating and pressurizing a material containing a fiber and a resin. The heating/pressurizing section has a rotatable first rotating section, and a rotatable second rotating section in contact with the first rotating section, heats and pressurizes the material by sandwiching the material by means of the first rotating section and the second rotating section, and has a heating section that heats the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating section and/or the second rotating section.

Description

シート製造装置及びシート製造方法Sheet manufacturing apparatus and sheet manufacturing method
　本発明は、シート製造装置及びシート製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a sheet manufacturing apparatus and a sheet manufacturing method.
　従来から、シート製造装置においては、繊維を含む原料を水に投入し、主に機械的作用により離解して、抄き直す、いわゆる湿式方式が採用されている。このような湿式方式のシート製造装置は、大量の水が必要であり、装置が大きくなる。さらに、水処理施設の整備のメンテナンスに手間がかかる上、乾燥工程に係るエネルギーが大きくなる。そこで、小型化、省エネルギーのために、水を極力利用しない乾式によるシート製造装置が提案されている。例えば、特許文献１には、乾式解繊機で紙片を解繊して、紙を成形する乾式製紙法が記載されている。 Conventionally, in a sheet manufacturing apparatus, a so-called wet method is adopted in which a raw material containing fibers is put into water, disaggregated mainly by mechanical action, and re-made. Such a wet type sheet manufacturing apparatus requires a large amount of water, and the apparatus becomes large. Furthermore, it takes time and effort to maintain the water treatment facility, and energy related to the drying process increases. Therefore, for the purpose of miniaturization and energy saving, a dry sheet manufacturing apparatus that uses water as little as possible has been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a dry paper making method in which a piece of paper is defibrated with a dry defibrator to form paper.
特開平０７－０２６４５１号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-026451
　特許文献１に記載の乾式製紙法では、繊維を乾式フォーミングしたマットにスチレン・ブタジェンラテックス乳化液を噴霧し、加熱圧搾ローラーにて加熱圧搾して紙状の製品を得ている。同文献に開示の装置では、加熱圧搾ローラーが多段に構成されており、このような多段のローラーは、スチレン・ブタジェンラテックスを溶融させるに十分な熱をマットに加えるために必要となっていると考えられる。 In the dry papermaking method described in Patent Document 1, a styrene / butadiene latex emulsion is sprayed onto a mat formed by dry forming fibers, and is heated and squeezed with a heating squeezing roller to obtain a paper-like product. In the apparatus disclosed in this document, the heating and squeezing roller is configured in multiple stages, and such a multi-stage roller is necessary for applying sufficient heat to the mat to melt the styrene / butadiene latex. it is conceivable that.
　マット等の長尺の成形体を加熱加圧する手段として、ヒーターローラー対が一般的に利用されるが、マット等に付与すべき熱量が大きい場合には、引用文献１に記載の装置のように、ヒーターローラー対を多段で構成して、ローラーとマット等との接触時間（接触面積）を増大させる手法が採られることがある。しかしこのような場合には、ローラー対の数が増えて、装置の小型化が難しくなる。 A heater roller pair is generally used as a means for heating and pressurizing a long shaped body such as a mat, but when the amount of heat to be applied to the mat or the like is large, as in the apparatus described in the cited document 1. In some cases, a heater roller pair is configured in multiple stages to increase the contact time (contact area) between the roller and the mat or the like. However, in such a case, the number of roller pairs increases, making it difficult to reduce the size of the apparatus.
　また、より大きい熱量をマット等に付与したい場合には、ローラーの硬度を小さくして、ニップ幅と呼ばれるローラーとマット等との接触面積を大きくする手法も考えられる。しかしこのような手法では、加熱する温度によっては、硬度の低いローラーを構成する材料（例えば発泡体）の劣化が顕著となり、ローラーの寿命が短くなり、信頼性が低下したり、装置のメンテナンスの頻度が高まる可能性がある。 Also, when a larger amount of heat is to be applied to the mat or the like, a method of increasing the contact area between the roller and the mat or the like, called the nip width, by reducing the hardness of the roller can be considered. However, in such a method, depending on the heating temperature, deterioration of the material (for example, foam) constituting the roller having low hardness becomes remarkable, the life of the roller is shortened, the reliability is lowered, and the maintenance of the apparatus is reduced. The frequency may increase.
　本発明の幾つかの態様に係る目的の一つは、材料を加熱加圧する効率がよく、小型化が可能な加熱加圧部を有するシート製造装置を提供することにある。 One of the objects according to some embodiments of the present invention is to provide a sheet manufacturing apparatus having a heating and pressing unit that is efficient in heating and pressing a material and can be downsized.
　本発明は前述の課題の少なくとも一部を解決するためになされたものであり、以下の態様又は適用例として実現することができる。 The present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the problems described above, and can be realized as the following aspects or application examples.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置の一態様は、
　繊維と樹脂とを含む材料を加熱加圧してシートを形成する加熱加圧部を有するシート製造装置であって、
　前記加熱加圧部は、回転可能な第１回転部と、前記第１回転部と接する回転可能な第２回転部と、を有し、
　前記第１回転部と前記第２回転部により前記材料を挟持して加熱加圧し、
　前記第１回転部及び前記第２回転部の少なくとも一つの外周面を加熱する加熱部を有することを特徴とする。 One aspect of the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is:
A sheet manufacturing apparatus having a heating and pressing unit that forms a sheet by heating and pressurizing a material including fibers and a resin,
The heating and pressing unit includes a rotatable first rotating unit, and a rotatable second rotating unit in contact with the first rotating unit,
The material is sandwiched and heated and pressurized by the first rotating part and the second rotating part,
It has a heating part which heats at least one peripheral face of the 1st rotation part and the 2nd rotation part.
　このようなシート製造装置は、材料を加熱する加熱加圧部に、外周面から熱が与えられ、係る外周面により材料を加熱するため、熱の散逸が少なく、不必要な熱を発生させる必要がないため、熱効率よく繊維と樹脂とを含む材料を加熱加圧してシートを形成することができる。 In such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, heat is applied to the heating and pressurizing unit that heats the material from the outer peripheral surface, and the material is heated by the outer peripheral surface. Therefore, it is necessary to generate unnecessary heat with less heat dissipation. Therefore, it is possible to form a sheet by heating and pressing a material containing fibers and a resin with high thermal efficiency.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記第１回転部及び前記第２回転部はローラー形状であり、
　前記加熱部は、内部に熱源を有する加熱ローラーであり、
　前記加熱ローラーが、前記第１回転部及び前記第２回転部の少なくとも一つの外周面に接するようにしてもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The first rotating part and the second rotating part are roller-shaped,
The heating unit is a heating roller having a heat source inside,
The heating roller may be in contact with at least one outer peripheral surface of the first rotating part and the second rotating part.
　このようなシート製造装置は、加熱部が加熱ローラーにより構成され、係る加熱部によってローラー形状の回転部が表面側から加熱されるため、より熱効率が高い。 In such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, the heating unit is configured by a heating roller, and the roller-shaped rotating unit is heated from the surface side by the heating unit, so that the thermal efficiency is higher.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記加熱ローラーの径は、前記加熱ローラーが接する前記第１回転部又は前記第２回転部の径よりも小さくてもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The diameter of the heating roller may be smaller than the diameter of the first rotating part or the second rotating part with which the heating roller is in contact.
　このようなシート製造装置によれば、加熱ローラーが接する前記第１回転部又は前記第２回転部の径が加熱ローラーの径より大きいため、さらに効率よく第１回転部を加熱することができる。 According to such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, since the diameter of the first rotating part or the second rotating part that is in contact with the heating roller is larger than the diameter of the heating roller, the first rotating part can be heated more efficiently.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記加熱ローラーは複数あってもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
There may be a plurality of the heating rollers.
　このようなシート製造装置によれば、回転部に対してより多くの熱を供給しやすい。そのため、材料に付与する熱量が大きい場合でも、より容易に熱を伝達することができる。また、このようなシート製造装置によれば、例えば回転部の硬度が小さい場合でも、外周面を加熱しやすい。 According to such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, it is easy to supply more heat to the rotating part. Therefore, even when the amount of heat applied to the material is large, heat can be more easily transferred. Moreover, according to such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, for example, the outer peripheral surface can be easily heated even when the hardness of the rotating portion is small.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記第１回転部の熱伝導率は、前記第２回転部の熱伝導率よりも小さく、
　前記加熱部は、前記第１回転部の外周面を加熱してもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The thermal conductivity of the first rotating part is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the second rotating part,
The heating unit may heat an outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit.
　このようなシート製造装置によれば、熱伝導率が小さい第１回転部の外周面を加熱しやすく、第１回転部の外周面における温度のムラを低減することができる。 According to such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, it is possible to easily heat the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating portion having a low thermal conductivity, and to reduce temperature unevenness on the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating portion.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記第１回転部はベルト状であってもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The first rotating part may have a belt shape.
　このようなシート製造装置によれば、第１回転部がベルト状であるため、ニップ幅を大きくとることが容易で、材料に対して熱をより与えやすい。 According to such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, since the first rotating portion has a belt shape, it is easy to increase the nip width, and it is easier to apply heat to the material.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記シートを形成する際に、前記第１回転部及び前記第２回転部の温度が互いに異なるようにしてもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
When forming the sheet, the temperatures of the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit may be different from each other.
　このようなシート製造装置によれば、第１回転部及び第２回転部に対して材料が貼り付きにくく、材料やシートの搬送を安定して行うことができる。 According to such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, the material is difficult to stick to the first rotating part and the second rotating part, and the material and the sheet can be stably conveyed.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記シートを形成する際に、前記第１回転部及び前記第２回転部の温度差が１０℃以上であってもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
When forming the sheet, a temperature difference between the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit may be 10 ° C. or more.
　このようなシート製造装置によれば、第１回転部及び第２回転部に対して材料が貼り付きにくく、材料やシートの搬送をより安定して行うことができる。 According to such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, the material is difficult to stick to the first rotating part and the second rotating part, and the material and the sheet can be conveyed more stably.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記第１回転部の硬度は、前記第２回転部の硬度よりも小さく、
　前記加熱ローラーは、前記第１回転部に接するようにしてもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The hardness of the first rotating part is smaller than the hardness of the second rotating part,
The heating roller may be in contact with the first rotating part.
　このようなシート製造装置は、より柔らかい第１回転部に対して加熱ローラーから熱が供給され、加熱ローラーと第１回転部との接触面積を大きくとることができるので、より熱伝導の効率が高い。また、加熱ローラーを第１回転部の外周面で接するようにしたことで、第１回転部の内部に熱源を持つ場合に比べて、表面を高温にしやすい。 In such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, heat is supplied from the heating roller to the softer first rotating part, and the contact area between the heating roller and the first rotating part can be increased, so that the efficiency of heat conduction is higher. high. In addition, since the heating roller is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit, the surface can be easily heated compared to the case where a heat source is provided inside the first rotating unit.
　さらに、第１回転部の材質として、第１回転部の内部に熱源を配置した場合に第１回転部の周面に熱が伝わりにくい材質や、内部の熱源を高温にすると溶けたり劣化したりする材質を採用した場合であっても、外周面で加熱することにより、外周面の温度を高温にしやすい。 Furthermore, as a material of the first rotating part, when a heat source is arranged inside the first rotating part, a material that does not easily transfer heat to the peripheral surface of the first rotating part, or when the internal heat source is heated to a high temperature, it melts or deteriorates. Even when the material to be used is adopted, the temperature of the outer peripheral surface can be easily increased by heating on the outer peripheral surface.
　また、第１回転部と第２回転部で材料を挟持する際に、硬度差があるため、シートを加熱加圧する際のニップ幅を大きくしやすく、材料との接触面積も硬度の高いローラー同士を接触させるよりも大きくできるため、材料の加熱をさらに十分にすることができる。 Also, since there is a difference in hardness when the material is sandwiched between the first rotating part and the second rotating part, it is easy to increase the nip width when heating and pressing the sheet, and the contact area with the material also has high hardness between the rollers. Therefore, the heating of the material can be more sufficiently performed.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記第１回転部の硬度は、前記第２回転部の硬度よりもＡｓｋｅｒ－Ｃ硬度において４０ポイント以上小さくてもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The hardness of the first rotating part may be 40 points or less smaller in Asker-C hardness than the hardness of the second rotating part.
　このようなシート製造装置は、第１回転部と第２回転部とが接触する領域の面積が大きくなるので、シートを加熱加圧する際のニップ幅を十分とることができる。 In such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, since the area of the region where the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit are in contact with each other is large, a sufficient nip width can be secured when the sheet is heated and pressed.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記シートを形成する際に、前記第１回転部のほうが前記第２回転部よりも１０℃以上温度が高くてもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
When forming the sheet, the temperature of the first rotating part may be 10 ° C. or higher than that of the second rotating part.
　このようなシート製造装置によれば、より柔らかい第１回転部のほうが温度が高く、より硬度の高い第２回転部のほうが温度が低いため、第１回転部及び第２回転部に対して材料が貼り付きにくく、材料やシートの搬送をさらに安定して行うことができる。 According to such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, the softer first rotating part has a higher temperature, and the harder second rotating part has a lower temperature. Therefore, the material is lower than the first rotating part and the second rotating part. Is difficult to stick, and the material and the sheet can be conveyed more stably.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記加熱部の温度を制御するための制御部を有してもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
You may have a control part for controlling the temperature of the said heating part.
　このようなシート製造装置は、加熱部が第１回転部及び第２回転部の少なくとも一つを外周面から加熱し、係る加熱部の温度が制御されるため、より早く回転部の表面の温度を目標温度にすることができる。 In such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, the heating unit heats at least one of the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit from the outer peripheral surface, and the temperature of the heating unit is controlled, so the surface temperature of the rotating unit is faster. Can be set to the target temperature.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置の一態様は、
　繊維と樹脂とを含む材料を加熱加圧してシートを形成するシート製造装置であって、
　第１ローラーと、前記第１ローラーよりも熱伝導率の高い第２ローラーと、を有し、前記第１ローラーと前記第２ローラーとにより材料を挟持して加熱加圧するためのローラー対と、
　前記第１ローラーの外周面を加熱するための加熱部と、
　前記加熱部の温度を制御するための制御部と、を有する。 One aspect of the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is:
A sheet manufacturing apparatus for forming a sheet by heating and pressurizing a material including fiber and resin,
A first roller and a second roller having a higher thermal conductivity than the first roller, and a pair of rollers for sandwiching a material between the first roller and the second roller for heating and pressing,
A heating unit for heating the outer peripheral surface of the first roller;
A control unit for controlling the temperature of the heating unit.
　このようなシート製造装置は、加熱部が第１ローラーを外周面から加熱し、係る加熱部の温度が制御されるため、より早く第１ローラーの表面の温度を目標温度にすることができ、かつ、第１ローラーの中心側から加熱する場合に比べて第１ローラーの寿命を延ばすことができる。 In such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, the heating unit heats the first roller from the outer peripheral surface, and the temperature of the heating unit is controlled, so that the surface temperature of the first roller can be set to the target temperature earlier, And the lifetime of a 1st roller can be extended compared with the case where it heats from the center side of a 1st roller.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記第１ローラーは、発泡ゴムを含むローラーであり、
　前記第２ローラーは、前記第１ローラーよりも硬度の高いローラーであってもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The first roller is a roller containing foamed rubber,
The second roller may be a roller having higher hardness than the first roller.
　このようなシート製造装置によれば、発泡ゴムを含む比較的熱伝導率の小さい第１ローラーの外周面をより均一に加熱することができる。 According to such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, it is possible to more uniformly heat the outer peripheral surface of the first roller including the foamed rubber and having a relatively low thermal conductivity.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記制御部は、前記第１ローラーの、材料の搬送方向上流側での外周面の表面温度が一定となるように、前記加熱部の温度を制御してもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The said control part may control the temperature of the said heating part so that the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface in the conveyance direction of a material of the said 1st roller may become fixed.
　このようなシート製造装置によれば、材料に対して第１ローラーを一定の温度で安定して接触させることができる。これにより製造されるシートの加熱ムラを低減することができる。 According to such a sheet manufacturing apparatus, the first roller can be stably brought into contact with the material at a constant temperature. As a result, heating unevenness of the manufactured sheet can be reduced.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記加熱部は、前記第１ローラーの外周面を加熱する複数の加熱ローラーを備え、
　前記制御部は、前記複数の加熱ローラーの一の温度を制御してもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The heating unit includes a plurality of heating rollers for heating the outer peripheral surface of the first roller,
The controller may control one temperature of the plurality of heating rollers.
　このようにすれば、第１ローラーの外周面を加熱する速度を高めることができ、かつ、外周面の温度を安定させることができる。 In this way, it is possible to increase the speed of heating the outer peripheral surface of the first roller and to stabilize the temperature of the outer peripheral surface.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記制御部により温度制御される加熱ローラーは、前記第１ローラーの回転方向において材料を挟持する位置に近い位置に配置されたローラーであってもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The heating roller whose temperature is controlled by the control unit may be a roller disposed at a position close to a position where the material is sandwiched in the rotation direction of the first roller.
　このようにすれば、第１ローラーの外周面の、材料に接触する直前の部分の温度をさらに安定させることができる。 This makes it possible to further stabilize the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller immediately before contacting the material.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記第１ローラーの外周面の表面温度を検出する検出部を備え、
　前記制御部は、所定期間の間に、前記検出部により検出された前記第１ローラーの外周面の表面温度の平均温度に基づいて、前記加熱ローラーの温度を制御してもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
A detection unit for detecting the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller;
The control unit may control the temperature of the heating roller based on an average surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller detected by the detection unit during a predetermined period.
　このようにすれば、第１ローラーの外周面の温度をさらに安定させることができる。 In this way, the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller can be further stabilized.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記制御部は、前記加熱ローラーの目標温度を、前記第１ローラーの外周面の目標温度と、前記加熱ローラーの現在の温度と前記第１ローラーの外周面の現在の温度との差とに基づいて決定してもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The control unit determines the target temperature of the heating roller based on the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller and the difference between the current temperature of the heating roller and the current temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller. May be determined.
　このようにすれば、第１ローラーの外周面の温度をさらに安定させることができる。 In this way, the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller can be further stabilized.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記制御部は、前記加熱ローラーの熱量を、前記第１ローラーの外周面の目標温度と現在の温度との差に基づいて決定してもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The control unit may determine the amount of heat of the heating roller based on a difference between a target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller and a current temperature.
　このようにすれば、第１ローラーの外周面の温度をさらに安定させることができる。 In this way, the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller can be further stabilized.
　本発明に係るシート製造装置において、
　前記制御部は、前記加熱ローラーの目標温度を、直前の前記加熱ローラーの目標温度と、前記第１ローラーの外周面の目標温度と現在の温度との差に基づいて決定してもよい。 In the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention,
The control unit may determine the target temperature of the heating roller based on a difference between the target temperature of the immediately preceding heating roller and the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller and the current temperature.
　このようにすれば、第１ローラーの外周面の温度をさらに安定させることができる。 In this way, the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller can be further stabilized.
　本発明に係るシート製造方法の一態様は、
　上述のシート製造装置を用い、
　前記第１ローラーの、材料の搬送方向上流側での外周面の表面温度が一定となるように、前記加熱部の温度を制御する工程と、
　前記第１ローラーと前記第２ローラーとにより材料を挟持して加熱加圧する工程と、を含む。 One aspect of the sheet manufacturing method according to the present invention is:
Using the above sheet manufacturing apparatus,
Controlling the temperature of the heating unit so that the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller on the upstream side in the material conveyance direction is constant;
A step of sandwiching a material between the first roller and the second roller and heating and pressing the material.
　このようなシート製造方法によれば、加熱部が第１ローラーを外周面から加熱し、係る加熱部の温度が制御されるため、より早く第１ローラーの表面の温度を目標温度にすることができ、かつ、第１ローラーの中心側から加熱する場合に比べて第１ローラーの寿命を延ばすことができる。そして、シートの材料に対して第１ローラーを一定の温度で安定して接触させることができるため、加熱ムラが低減されたシートを容易に製造することができる。 According to such a sheet manufacturing method, since the heating unit heats the first roller from the outer peripheral surface and the temperature of the heating unit is controlled, the surface temperature of the first roller can be set to the target temperature earlier. It is possible to extend the life of the first roller as compared to the case of heating from the center side of the first roller. And since a 1st roller can be stably made to contact with the material of a sheet | seat at fixed temperature, the sheet | seat with which the heating nonuniformity was reduced can be manufactured easily.
本実施形態に係るシート製造装置を模式的に示す図。The figure which shows typically the sheet manufacturing apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係るシート製造装置の加熱加圧部の一例を示す模式図。The schematic diagram which shows an example of the heating-pressing part of the sheet manufacturing apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係るシート製造装置の加熱加圧部を拡大して示す模式図。The schematic diagram which expands and shows the heating-pressing part of the sheet manufacturing apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係るシート製造装置の加熱加圧部の一例を示す模式図。The schematic diagram which shows an example of the heating-pressing part of the sheet manufacturing apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係るシート製造装置の加熱加圧部の一例を示す模式図。The schematic diagram which shows an example of the heating-pressing part of the sheet manufacturing apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係るシート製造装置の加熱加圧部の一例を示す模式図。The schematic diagram which shows an example of the heating-pressing part of the sheet manufacturing apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係る加熱加圧部の温度制御の一例を示すグラフ。The graph which shows an example of the temperature control of the heating-pressing part which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係る加熱加圧部の温度制御の一例を示すグラフ。The graph which shows an example of the temperature control of the heating-pressing part which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係る加熱加圧部の温度制御の一例を示すグラフ。The graph which shows an example of the temperature control of the heating-pressing part which concerns on this embodiment. 従来例に係る加熱加圧部の温度制御の一例を示すグラフ。The graph which shows an example of the temperature control of the heating-pressing part which concerns on a prior art example.
　以下、本発明の一実施形態について、図面を用いて詳細に説明する。なお、以下に説明する実施形態は、特許請求の範囲に記載された本発明の内容を不当に限定するものではない。また、以下で説明される構成の全てが本発明の必須構成要件であるとは限らない。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below do not unduly limit the contents of the present invention described in the claims. In addition, not all of the configurations described below are essential constituent requirements of the present invention.
　まず、図１を用いて本実施形態に係るシート製造装置における各処理部の詳細について説明する。 First, the details of each processing unit in the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
　１．　シート製造装置
　まず、本実施形態に係るシート製造装置の概要について、図面を参照しながら説明する。図１は、本実施形態に係るシート製造装置１００を模式的に示す図である。 1. Sheet Manufacturing Apparatus First, an outline of a sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a sheet manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment.
　シート製造装置１００は、図１に示すように、供給部１０と、製造部１０２と、制御部１４０と、を備える。製造部１０２は、シートを製造する。製造部１０２は、粗砕部１２と、解繊部２０と、分級部３０と、選別部４０と、混合部５０と、堆積部６０と、ウェブ形成部７０と、シート形成部８０と、切断部９０と、を有している。 The sheet manufacturing apparatus 100 includes a supply unit 10, a manufacturing unit 102, and a control unit 140, as shown in FIG. The manufacturing unit 102 manufactures a sheet. The manufacturing unit 102 includes a crushing unit 12, a defibrating unit 20, a classifying unit 30, a sorting unit 40, a mixing unit 50, a depositing unit 60, a web forming unit 70, a sheet forming unit 80, and a cutting unit. Part 90.
　供給部１０は、粗砕部１２に原料を供給する。供給部１０は、例えば、粗砕部１２に原料を連続的に投入するための自動投入部である。 The supply unit 10 supplies raw materials to the crushing unit 12. The supply unit 10 is, for example, an automatic input unit for continuously supplying raw materials to the crushing unit 12.
　粗砕部１２は、供給部１０によって供給された原料を、空気中で裁断して細片にする。細片の形状や大きさは、例えば、数ｃｍ角の細片である。図示の例では、粗砕部１２は、粗砕刃１４を有し、粗砕刃１４によって、投入された原料を裁断することができる。粗砕部１２としては、例えば、シュレッダーを用いる。粗砕部１２によって裁断された原料は、ホッパー１で受けてから管２を介して、解繊部２０に移送（搬送）される。 The coarse crushing unit 12 cuts the raw material supplied by the supply unit 10 into pieces by cutting in air. The shape and size of the strip is, for example, a strip of several cm square. In the illustrated example, the crushing unit 12 has a crushing blade 14, and the charged raw material can be cut by the crushing blade 14. As the crushing part 12, a shredder is used, for example. The raw material cut by the crushing unit 12 is received by the hopper 1 and then transferred (conveyed) to the defibrating unit 20 through the pipe 2.
　解繊部２０は、粗砕部１２によって裁断された原料を解繊する。ここで、「解繊する」とは、複数の繊維が結着されてなる原料（被解繊物）を、繊維１本１本に解きほぐすことをいう。解繊部２０は、原料に付着した樹脂粒やインク、トナー、にじみ防止剤等の物質を、繊維から分離させる機能をも有する。 The defibrating unit 20 defibrates the raw material cut by the crushing unit 12. Here, “defibration” means unraveling a raw material (a material to be defibrated) formed by binding a plurality of fibers into individual fibers. The defibrating unit 20 also has a function of separating substances such as resin particles, ink, toner, and a bleeding inhibitor adhering to the raw material from the fibers.
　解繊部２０を通過したものを「解繊物」という。「解繊物」には、解きほぐされた解繊物繊維の他に、繊維を解きほぐす際に繊維から分離した樹脂（複数の繊維同士を結着させるための樹脂）粒や、インク、トナーなどの色剤や、にじみ防止材、紙力増強剤等の添加剤を含んでいる場合もある。解きほぐされた解繊物の形状は、ひも（ｓｔｒｉｎｇ）状や平ひも（ｒｉｂｂｏｎ）状である。解きほぐされた解繊物は、他の解きほぐされた繊維と絡み合っていない状態（独立した状態）で存在してもよいし、他の解きほぐされた解繊物と絡み合って塊状となった状態（いわゆる「ダマ」を形成している状態）で存在してもよい。 What has passed through the defibrating unit 20 is referred to as “defibrated material”. In addition to the defibrated fibers that have been unraveled, the “defibrated material” includes resin particles (resins that bind multiple fibers together), ink, toner, etc. In some cases, additives such as colorants, anti-bleeding materials, and paper strength enhancing agents are included. The shape of the defibrated material that has been unraveled is a string shape or a ribbon shape. The unraveled defibrated material may exist in an unentangled state (independent state) with other undisentangled fibers, or entangled with other undisentangled defibrated material to form a lump. It may exist in a state (a state forming a so-called “dama”).
　解繊部２０は、大気中（空気中）において乾式で解繊を行う。具体的には、解繊部２０としては、インペラーミルを用いる。解繊部２０は、原料を吸引し、解繊物を排出するような気流を発生させる機能を有している。これにより、解繊部２０は、自ら発生する気流によって、導入口２２から、原料を気流と共に吸引し、解繊処理して、排出口２４へと搬送することができる。解繊部２０を通過した解繊物は、管３を介して、分級部３０に移送される。 The defibrating unit 20 performs defibration in a dry manner in the atmosphere (in the air). Specifically, an impeller mill is used as the defibrating unit 20. The defibrating unit 20 has a function of generating an air flow that sucks the raw material and discharges the defibrated material. Thereby, the defibrating unit 20 can suck the raw material together with the airflow from the introduction port 22 by the airflow generated by itself, defibrate it, and transport it to the discharge port 24. The defibrated material that has passed through the defibrating unit 20 is transferred to the classifying unit 30 via the tube 3.
　分級部３０は、解繊部２０を通過した解繊物を分級する。具体的には、分級部３０は、解繊物の中で比較的小さいものや密度の低いもの（樹脂粒や色剤や添加剤など）を分離して除去する。これにより、解繊物の中で比較的大きいもしくは密度の高いものである繊維の占める割合を高めることができる。 The classifying unit 30 classifies the defibrated material that has passed through the defibrating unit 20. Specifically, the classifying unit 30 separates and removes relatively small ones or low density ones (resin particles, colorants, additives, etc.) among the defibrated materials. Thereby, the ratio for which the fiber which is a comparatively large or high density thing among defibrated materials can be raised.
　分級部３０としては、気流式分級機を用いる。気流式分級機は、旋回気流を発生させ、分級されるもののサイズと密度とにより受ける遠心力の差によって分離するものであり、気流の速度および遠心力の調整によって、分級点を調整することができる。具体的には、分級部３０としては、サイクロン、エルボージェット、エディクラシファイヤーなどを用いる。特に図示のようなサイクロンは、構造が簡便であるため、分級部３０として好適に用いることができる。 As the classification unit 30, an airflow classifier is used. The airflow classifier generates a swirling airflow and separates it according to the difference in centrifugal force depending on the size and density of what is classified, and the classification point can be adjusted by adjusting the speed and centrifugal force of the airflow. it can. Specifically, a cyclone, an elbow jet, an eddy classifier, or the like is used as the classification unit 30. In particular, a cyclone as shown in the figure can be suitably used as the classifying unit 30 because of its simple structure.
　分級部３０は、例えば、導入口３１と、導入口３１が接続された円筒部３２と、円筒部３２の下方に位置し円筒部３２と連続している逆円錐部３３と、逆円錐部３３の下部中央に設けられている下部排出口３４と、円筒部３２上部中央に設けられている上部排出口３５と、を有している。 The classification unit 30 includes, for example, an inlet 31, a cylindrical part 32 to which the inlet 31 is connected, an inverted conical part 33 that is located below the cylindrical part 32 and continues to the cylindrical part 32, and an inverted conical part 33. The lower discharge port 34 provided in the lower center of the upper portion and the upper discharge port 35 provided in the upper center of the cylindrical portion 32 are provided.
　分級部３０において、導入口３１から導入された解繊物をのせた気流は、円筒部３２で円周運動に変わる。これにより、導入された解繊物には遠心力がかかり、分級部３０は、解繊物のうちで樹脂粒やインク粒よりも大きく密度の高い繊維（第１分級物）と、解繊物のうちで繊維よりも小さく密度の低い樹脂粒や色剤や添加剤など（第２分級物）と、に分離することができる。第１分級物は、下部排出口３４から排出され、管４を介して、選別部４０に導入される。一方、第２分級物は、上部排出口３５から管５を介して受け部３６に排出される。 In the classifying unit 30, the airflow on which the defibrated material introduced from the inlet 31 is changed into a circumferential motion in the cylindrical unit 32. As a result, centrifugal force is applied to the introduced defibrated material, and the classification unit 30 includes fibers (first classified material) larger than the resin particles and ink particles in the defibrated material, and the defibrated material. Among them, it can be separated into resin particles, colorants, additives, etc. (second classified product) that are smaller than the fibers and have a low density. The first classified product is discharged from the lower discharge port 34 and is introduced into the sorting unit 40 through the pipe 4. On the other hand, the second classified product is discharged from the upper discharge port 35 to the receiving portion 36 through the pipe 5.
　選別部４０は、分級部３０を通過した第１分級物を導入口４２から導入し、繊維の長さによって選別する。選別部４０としては、例えば、篩（ふるい）を用いる。選別部４０は、網（フィルター、スクリーン）を有し、第１分級物に含まれる、網の目開きの大きさより小さい繊維または粒子（網を通過するもの、第１選別物）と、網の目開きの大きさより大きい繊維や未解繊片やダマ（網を通過しないもの、第２選別物）と、を分けることができる。例えば、第１選別物は、ホッパー６で受けてから管７を介して、混合部５０に移送される。第２選別物は、排出口４４から管８を介して、解繊部２０に戻される。具体的には、選別部４０は、モーターによって回転することができる円筒の篩である。選別部４０の網は、例えば、金網、切れ目が入った金属板を引き延ばしたエキスパンドメタル、金属板にプレス機等で穴を形成したパンチングメタルを用いる。 The sorting unit 40 introduces the first classified product that has passed through the classifying unit 30 from the introduction port 42 and sorts the first classified product according to the length of the fiber. As the selection unit 40, for example, a sieve is used. The sorting unit 40 has a net (filter, screen), and includes fibers or particles (those that pass through the net, the first sort) that are smaller than the mesh size included in the first classification, Fibers that are larger than the size of the mesh, undefibrated pieces, and lumps (those that do not pass through the net, second selection) can be separated. For example, the first selection is received by the hopper 6 and then transferred to the mixing unit 50 via the pipe 7. The second selected item is returned to the defibrating unit 20 from the discharge port 44 through the pipe 8. Specifically, the sorting unit 40 is a cylindrical sieve that can be rotated by a motor. For the net of the selection unit 40, for example, a metal net, an expanded metal obtained by extending a cut metal plate, or a punching metal in which a hole is formed in the metal plate by a press machine or the like is used.
　混合部５０は、選別部４０を通過した第１選別物と、樹脂を含む添加物と、を混合する。混合部５０は、添加物を供給する添加物供給部５２と、選別物と添加物とを搬送する管５４と、ブロアー５６と、を有している。図示の例では、添加物は、添加物供給部５２からホッパー９を介して管５４に供給される。管５４は、管７と連続している。 The mixing unit 50 mixes the first sorted product that has passed through the sorting unit 40 and the additive containing the resin. The mixing unit 50 includes an additive supply unit 52 that supplies the additive, a pipe 54 that conveys the selected product and the additive, and a blower 56. In the illustrated example, the additive is supplied from the additive supply unit 52 to the pipe 54 via the hopper 9. The tube 54 is continuous with the tube 7.
　混合部５０では、ブロアー５６によって気流を発生させ、管５４中において、第１選別物と添加物とを混合させながら、搬送することができる。なお、第１選別物と添加物とを混合させる機構は、特に限定されず、高速回転する羽根により攪拌するものであってもよいし、Ｖ型ミキサーのように容器の回転を利用するものであってもよい。 In the mixing unit 50, an air flow is generated by the blower 56, and the first selection product and the additive can be mixed and conveyed in the tube 54. In addition, the mechanism which mixes a 1st selection material and an additive is not specifically limited, It may stir with the blade | wing which rotates at high speed, and uses rotation of a container like a V-type mixer. There may be.
　添加物供給部５２としては、図１に示すようなスクリューフィーダーや、図示せぬディスクフィーダーなどを用いる。添加物供給部５２から供給される添加物は、複数の繊維を結着させるための樹脂を含む。樹脂が供給された時点では、複数の繊維は結着されていない。樹脂は、シート形成部８０を通過する際に溶融して、複数の繊維を結着させる。 As the additive supply unit 52, a screw feeder as shown in FIG. 1 or a disk feeder (not shown) is used. The additive supplied from the additive supply unit 52 includes a resin for binding a plurality of fibers. At the time when the resin is supplied, the plurality of fibers are not bound. The resin melts when passing through the sheet forming portion 80 and binds a plurality of fibers.
　添加物供給部５２から供給される樹脂は、熱可塑性樹脂や熱硬化性樹脂であり、例えば、ＡＳ樹脂、ＡＢＳ樹脂、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリスチレン、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ナイロン、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリアセタール、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、などである。これらの樹脂は、単独または適宜混合して用いてもよい。添加物供給部５２から供給される添加物は、繊維状であってもよく、粉末状であってもよい。 The resin supplied from the additive supply unit 52 is a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin. For example, AS resin, ABS resin, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyethylene terephthalate, Polyphenylene ether, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyacetal, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, and the like. These resins may be used alone or in combination. The additive supplied from the additive supply unit 52 may be fibrous or powdery.
　なお、添加物供給部５２から供給される添加物には、繊維を結着させる樹脂の他、製造されるシートの種類に応じて、繊維を着色するための着色剤や、繊維の凝集を防止するための凝集防止材、繊維等が燃えにくくするための難燃剤が含まれていてもよい。混合部５０を通過した混合物（第１分級物と添加物との混合物）は、管５４を介して、堆積部６０に移送される。 In addition to the resin that binds the fibers, the additive supplied from the additive supply unit 52 prevents coloring of the fibers and the aggregation of the fibers depending on the type of sheet to be produced. An anti-agglomeration material, a flame retardant for making the fiber and the like difficult to burn may be included. The mixture (mixture of the first classified product and the additive) that has passed through the mixing unit 50 is transferred to the deposition unit 60 via the pipe 54.
　堆積部６０は、混合部５０を通過した混合物を導入口６２から導入し、絡み合った解繊物（繊維）をほぐして、空気中で分散させながら降らせる。さらに、堆積部６０は、添加物供給部５２から供給される添加物の樹脂が繊維状である場合、絡み合った樹脂をほぐす。これにより、堆積部６０は、ウェブ形成部７０に、混合物を均一性よく堆積させることができる。 The deposition unit 60 introduces the mixture that has passed through the mixing unit 50 from the introduction port 62, loosens the entangled defibrated material (fibers), and lowers it while dispersing it in the air. Furthermore, when the additive resin supplied from the additive supply unit 52 is fibrous, the deposition unit 60 loosens the entangled resin. Thereby, the deposition unit 60 can deposit the mixture on the web forming unit 70 with good uniformity.
　堆積部６０としては、回転する円筒の篩を用いる。堆積部６０は、網を有し、混合部５０を通過した混合物に含まれる、網の目開きの大きさより小さい繊維または粒子（網を通過するもの）を降らせる。堆積部６０の構成は、例えば、選別部４０の構成と同じである。 Rotating cylindrical sieve is used as the accumulation unit 60. The deposition unit 60 has a net, and drops fibers or particles (those that pass through the net) included in the mixture that has passed through the mixing unit 50 that are smaller than the mesh opening size. The configuration of the deposition unit 60 is the same as the configuration of the sorting unit 40, for example.
　なお、堆積部６０の「篩」は、特定の対象物を選別する機能を有していなくてもよい。すなわち、堆積部６０として用いられる「篩」とは、網を備えたもの、という意味であり、堆積部６０は、堆積部６０に導入された混合物の全てを降らしてもよい。 In addition, the “sieving” of the accumulation unit 60 may not have a function of selecting a specific object. That is, the “sieving” used as the depositing unit 60 means that the net is provided, and the depositing unit 60 may drop all of the mixture introduced into the depositing unit 60.
　ウェブ形成部７０は、堆積部６０を通過した通過物を堆積して、ウェブＷを形成する。ウェブ形成部７０は、例えば、メッシュベルト７２と、張架ローラー７４と、サクション機構７６と、を有している。 The web forming unit 70 deposits the passing material that has passed through the depositing unit 60 to form the web W. The web forming unit 70 includes, for example, a mesh belt 72, a tension roller 74, and a suction mechanism 76.
　メッシュベルト７２は、移動しながら、堆積部６０の開口（網の開口）を通過した通過物を堆積する。メッシュベルト７２は、張架ローラー７４によって張架され、通過物を通しにくく空気を通す構成となっている。メッシュベルト７２は、張架ローラー７４が自転することによって移動する。メッシュベルト７２が連続的に移動しながら、堆積部６０を通過した通過物が連続的に降り積もることにより、メッシュベルト７２上にウェブＷが形成される。メッシュベルト７２は、例えば、金属製、樹脂製、布製、あるいは不織布等である。 The mesh belt 72 accumulates the passing material that has passed through the opening (opening of the mesh) of the accumulation unit 60 while moving. The mesh belt 72 is stretched by a stretching roller 74, and is configured to allow air to pass therethrough. The mesh belt 72 moves as the stretching roller 74 rotates. While the mesh belt 72 continuously moves, the passing material that has passed through the accumulation portion 60 is continuously piled up, whereby the web W is formed on the mesh belt 72. The mesh belt 72 is made of, for example, metal, resin, cloth, or non-woven fabric.
　サクション機構７６は、メッシュベルト７２の下方（堆積部６０側とは反対側）に設けられている。サクション機構７６は、下方に向く気流（堆積部６０からメッシュベルト７２に向く気流）を発生させることができる。サクション機構７６によって、堆積部６０により空気中に分散された混合物をメッシュベルト７２上に吸引することができる。これにより、堆積部６０からの排出速度を大きくすることができる。さらに、サクション機構７６によって、混合物の落下経路にダウンフローを形成することができ、落下中に解繊物や添加物が絡み合うことを防ぐことができる。 The suction mechanism 76 is provided below the mesh belt 72 (on the side opposite to the accumulation unit 60 side). The suction mechanism 76 can generate an air flow directed downward (air flow directed from the accumulation unit 60 toward the mesh belt 72). By the suction mechanism 76, the mixture dispersed in the air by the deposition unit 60 can be sucked onto the mesh belt 72. Thereby, the discharge speed from the deposition part 60 can be increased. Furthermore, the suction mechanism 76 can form a downflow in the dropping path of the mixture, and can prevent the defibrated material and additives from being entangled during the dropping.
　以上のように、堆積部６０およびウェブ形成部７０（ウェブ形成工程）を経ることにより、空気を多く含み柔らかくふくらんだ状態のウェブＷが形成される。メッシュベルト７２に堆積されたウェブＷは、シート形成部８０へと搬送される。 As described above, the web W in a soft and inflated state containing a large amount of air is formed by passing through the depositing section 60 and the web forming section 70 (web forming process). The web W deposited on the mesh belt 72 is conveyed to the sheet forming unit 80.
　なお、図示の例では、ウェブＷを調湿する調湿部７８が設けられている。調湿部７８は、ウェブＷに対して水や水蒸気を添加して、ウェブＷと水との量比を調節することができる。 In the illustrated example, a humidity control unit 78 that adjusts the humidity of the web W is provided. The humidity control unit 78 can adjust the amount ratio of the web W and water by adding water or water vapor to the web W.
　シート形成部８０は、メッシュベルト７２に堆積したウェブＷを加熱加圧してシートＳを成形する。シート形成部８０では、ウェブＷにおいて混ぜ合された解繊物および添加物の混合物に、熱を加えることにより、混合物中の複数の繊維を、互いに添加物（樹脂）を介して結着することができる。 The sheet forming unit 80 forms the sheet S by heating and pressing the web W deposited on the mesh belt 72. In the sheet forming unit 80, by heating the mixture of the defibrated material and the additive mixed in the web W, the plurality of fibers in the mixture are bound to each other via the additive (resin). Can do.
　シート形成部８０としては、例えば、加熱ローラー（ヒーターローラー）、熱プレス成形機、ホットプレート、温風ブロアー、赤外線加熱器、フラッシュ定着器を用いる。図１の例では、シート形成部８０は、一対のヒーターローラー８６を備えている。シート形成部８０をヒーターローラー８６として構成したことにより、板状のプレス装置（平板プレス装置）として構成した場合に比べて、ウェブＷを連続的に搬送しながらシートＳを成形することができる。なお、ヒーターローラー８６の数、段数等は、特に限定されない。 As the sheet forming unit 80, for example, a heating roller (heater roller), a hot press molding machine, a hot plate, a hot air blower, an infrared heater, or a flash fixing device is used. In the example of FIG. 1, the sheet forming unit 80 includes a pair of heater rollers 86. By configuring the sheet forming unit 80 as the heater roller 86, it is possible to form the sheet S while continuously conveying the web W as compared to a case where the sheet forming unit 80 is configured as a plate-like pressing device (flat plate pressing device). The number of heater rollers 86, the number of stages, etc. are not particularly limited.
　シート形成部８０の一対のヒーターローラー８６は、ウェブＷを加熱する他に加圧してもよく、加熱加圧部として機能してもよい。また、シート形成部８０には、ウェブＷを加熱せずに加圧だけを行う一対の加圧ローラー（図示せず）を含んでもよい。なお、シート形成部８０がウェブＷを挟持する一対のローラーからなる加熱加圧部である場合（図１中、破線で囲んだ部分）の詳細については後述する。 The pair of heater rollers 86 of the sheet forming unit 80 may be pressurized in addition to heating the web W, and may function as a heating and pressing unit. Further, the sheet forming unit 80 may include a pair of pressure rollers (not shown) that perform only pressure without heating the web W. Note that details of a case where the sheet forming unit 80 is a heating and pressing unit including a pair of rollers that sandwich the web W (portion surrounded by a broken line in FIG. 1) will be described later.
　切断部９０は、シート形成部８０によって成形されたシートＳを切断する。図示の例では、切断部９０は、シートＳの搬送方向と交差する方向にシートＳを切断する第１切断部９２と、搬送方向に平行な方向にシートＳを切断する第２切断部９４と、を有している。第２切断部９４は、例えば、第１切断部９２を通過したシートＳを切断する。 The cutting unit 90 cuts the sheet S formed by the sheet forming unit 80. In the illustrated example, the cutting unit 90 includes a first cutting unit 92 that cuts the sheet S in a direction that intersects the conveyance direction of the sheet S, and a second cutting unit 94 that cuts the sheet S in a direction parallel to the conveyance direction. ,have. The second cutting unit 94 cuts the sheet S that has passed through the first cutting unit 92, for example.
　以上により、所定のサイズの単票のシートＳが成形される。切断された単票のシートＳは、排出部９６へと排出される。 Thus, a single-sheet sheet S having a predetermined size is formed. The cut sheet S is discharged to the discharge unit 96.
　２．　加熱加圧部
　本実施形態のシート製造装置は、上述のシート形成部８０において、ウェブＷを加熱加圧してシートＳを形成する。ウェブＷは、上述のように、繊維と樹脂とを含む材料で堆積部６０により形成される。シート形成部８０は、ウェブＷを加熱加圧する加熱加圧部である。上述の図１の例では加熱加圧部は、一対のヒーターローラー８６として簡略化して描かれている。 2. Heating and Pressing Unit The sheet manufacturing apparatus of the present embodiment forms the sheet S by heating and pressing the web W in the above-described sheet forming unit 80. As described above, the web W is formed by the deposition unit 60 using a material containing fibers and resin. The sheet forming unit 80 is a heating and pressing unit that heats and presses the web W. In the example of FIG. 1 described above, the heating and pressing unit is simply illustrated as a pair of heater rollers 86.
　以下、本実施形態のシート製造装置１００のシート形成部８０の例としての加熱加圧部について詳細に説明する。加熱加圧部１８０は、回転可能な第１回転部１８１と、回転可能な第２回転部１８２と、加熱部１８３と、を有する。図２、図４及び図５は、本実施形態の加熱加圧部の例を模式的に示す図である。 Hereinafter, the heating and pressing unit as an example of the sheet forming unit 80 of the sheet manufacturing apparatus 100 of the present embodiment will be described in detail. The heating and pressing unit 180 includes a rotatable first rotating unit 181, a rotatable second rotating unit 182, and a heating unit 183. 2, 4 and 5 are diagrams schematically showing an example of the heating and pressing unit of the present embodiment.
　２．１．第１回転部、第２回転部及び加熱部の配置
　図２、図４及び図５に示すように、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２は、いずれも回転に伴って移動する外周面を有し、係る外周面の一部が互いに接して配置される。そして、第１回転部１８１と第２回転部１８２によりウェブＷを挟持して加熱加圧してシートＳを形成するように構成される。また、加熱部１８３は、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の少なくとも一方の外周面を加熱できるように配置される。 2.1. Arrangement of First Rotating Unit, Second Rotating Unit and Heating Unit As shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 are both outer peripheral surfaces that move with rotation. And part of the outer peripheral surface is arranged in contact with each other. The web S is sandwiched and heated and pressed by the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 to form the sheet S. The heating unit 183 is disposed so as to heat at least one outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182.
　第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の形状としては、ローラー形状、ベルト形状等が挙げられる。第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２は、両者がローラー形状であってもよいし、一方がローラー形状で他方がベルト形状であってもよいし、両者がベルト形状であってもよい。図２及び図４に示す例では、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の両者がローラー形状である。図５に示す例では、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の一方がベルト形状で他方がローラー形状である。 Examples of the shapes of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 include a roller shape and a belt shape. Both the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 may be roller-shaped, one may be roller-shaped and the other belt-shaped, or both may be belt-shaped. In the example shown in FIG.2 and FIG.4, both the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 are roller shapes. In the example shown in FIG. 5, one of the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 has a belt shape and the other has a roller shape.
　図２及び図４に示すように、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２は、両者がローラー形状である場合には、ウェブＷがローラー間に挟まれた際にウェブＷに対して圧力がかかる程度の間隔で、ローラーの回転中心軸が平行に配置される。この場合に、ローラーの一方に動力を与えて能動ローラー（駆動ローラー）としてもよいし、両方を能動ローラーとしてもよい。また一方を能動ローラーとする場合には、他方を従動ローラーとしてもよい。 As shown in FIG.2 and FIG.4, when both the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 are roller shapes, when the web W is pinched | interposed between rollers, it is a pressure with respect to the web W. The rotation center axis of the roller is arranged in parallel at such an interval as to take up. In this case, power may be applied to one of the rollers to be an active roller (drive roller), or both may be active rollers. When one is an active roller, the other may be a driven roller.
　第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の両者がローラー形状である場合、ローラーの径は、いずれも任意である。第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の両者がローラー形状である場合には、互いに径が同じでも異なってもよい。なおローラーの径とは、ローラーの回転中心軸に垂直な断面の直径のことをいう。 When both the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 are roller shapes, the diameter of a roller is arbitrary. When both the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 are roller shape, a diameter may mutually be same or different. The diameter of the roller means a diameter of a cross section perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the roller.
　第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の径が大きければ、ウェブＷを挟んだときに回転部に接する面積を大きくすることができ好ましいが、装置が大型化する場合があるため、適宜の径を選択する。なお、ウェブＷを挟んだときに回転部に接する面積は、ローラーの回転中心軸に沿う方向におけるウェブＷと接触する領域の長さと、ローラーの外周に沿う方向におけるウェブＷと接触する領域の長さ（近似的に直線とみなしてもよい）との積である。本明細書では、ローラーの外周に沿う方向におけるウェブＷと接触する領域の長さを、「ニップ幅」と称することがある。 If the diameters of the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 are large, it is preferable that the area that contacts the rotating part when the web W is sandwiched can be increased. Select the diameter. The area in contact with the rotating portion when the web W is sandwiched is the length of the area in contact with the web W in the direction along the rotation center axis of the roller and the length of the area in contact with the web W in the direction along the outer periphery of the roller. (Which may be regarded as a straight line approximately). In the present specification, the length of the region in contact with the web W in the direction along the outer periphery of the roller may be referred to as “nip width”.
　図５に示すように、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の一方がローラー形状で他方がベルト形状である場合には、ウェブＷがベルト及びローラーの間に挟まれた際に、ウェブＷに対して圧力がかかる程度の張力で、ローラーに対してベルトを圧接させる。このようにすれば、ウェブＷを挟んだときに回転部に接する面積を大きくすることができ好ましい。 As shown in FIG. 5, when one of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 has a roller shape and the other has a belt shape, the web W is sandwiched between the belt and the roller. The belt is brought into pressure contact with the roller with such a tension that pressure is applied to W. This is preferable because the area in contact with the rotating portion when the web W is sandwiched can be increased.
　加熱部１８３は、第１回転部１８１又は第２回転部１８２の外周面を加熱することができれば、その態様は任意であり、第１回転部１８１又は第２回転部１８２の外周面に接触して加熱してもよいし、接触しないで加熱してもよい。 As long as the heating unit 183 can heat the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 or the second rotating unit 182, the mode is arbitrary, and the heating unit 183 contacts the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 or the second rotating unit 182. May be heated or may be heated without contact.
　図２及び図４の例では、加熱部１８３は、第１回転部１８１の外周面に対して外周面が接する加熱ローラーにより構成されている。図５に示す例では、加熱部１８３は、第１回転部１８１（ベルト状）の外周面に対して離間して配置された電熱ヒーターにより構成されている。加熱部１８３は、複数設けられてもよいし、接触して加熱する態様と、接触しないで加熱する態様を組み合わせてもよい。 2 and 4, the heating unit 183 is configured by a heating roller whose outer peripheral surface is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181. In the example illustrated in FIG. 5, the heating unit 183 is configured by an electric heater that is disposed apart from the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 (belt shape). A plurality of heating units 183 may be provided, or a mode of heating by contact may be combined with a mode of heating without contact.
　第１回転部１８１又は第２回転部１８２の外周面に接触する加熱部１８３の態様としては、加熱ローラー（ヒーターローラー）の他、ホットプレート等を挙げることができる。また、加熱部１８３の、第１回転部１８１又は第２回転部１８２の外周面に接触しない態様としては、電熱ヒーター、ハロゲンヒーター等の輻射熱による加熱、マイクロ波加熱、ＩＨ加熱、温風加熱等が挙げられる。 Examples of the heating unit 183 that contacts the outer circumferential surface of the first rotating unit 181 or the second rotating unit 182 include a hot plate in addition to a heating roller (heater roller). In addition, as an aspect of the heating unit 183 that does not contact the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 or the second rotating unit 182, heating by radiant heat such as an electric heater or a halogen heater, microwave heating, IH heating, hot air heating, etc. Is mentioned.
　加熱部１８３が加熱する外周面は、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の少なくとも一方とすることができる。加熱部１８３が回転部の外周面を加熱する場合には、当該回転部は、回転部の内部にヒーター等の熱源を備える必要がない。ただし、この場合でも、当該回転部の内部に熱源を有してもよい。 The outer peripheral surface heated by the heating unit 183 can be at least one of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182. When the heating unit 183 heats the outer peripheral surface of the rotating unit, the rotating unit does not need to include a heat source such as a heater inside the rotating unit. However, even in this case, a heat source may be provided inside the rotating unit.
　図２、図４及び図５の例では、第２回転部１８２は、回転中心に熱源Ｈを有する加熱ローラーとなっている。係る例は、第１回転部１８１が、柔軟性を有する材質を含んで構成されているため、第２回転部１８２を金属等の硬い材質で形成してもニップ幅を大きく採ることができる。そのため係る第２回転部１８２では、ローラーの材質の劣化が生じにくいため、回転中心付近に熱源Ｈを配置しても信頼性を損ないにくい。 2, 4 and 5, the second rotating part 182 is a heating roller having a heat source H at the center of rotation. In this example, since the first rotating part 181 includes a flexible material, the nip width can be increased even if the second rotating part 182 is formed of a hard material such as metal. Therefore, in the second rotating unit 182, since the deterioration of the material of the roller hardly occurs, the reliability is not easily lost even if the heat source H is arranged near the rotation center.
　２．２．第１回転部、第２回転部及び加熱部
　図２は、シート形成部８０である加熱加圧部をローラー形状の第１回転部１８１、ローラー形状の第２回転部１８２、及びローラー形状の加熱部１８３により構成した例を示す模式図である。 2.2. FIG. 2 shows a heating and pressurizing unit that is the sheet forming unit 80 as a roller-shaped first rotating unit 181, a roller-shaped second rotating unit 182, and a roller-shaped heating unit. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example configured by a unit 183. FIG.
　図２の例では、加熱部１８３が加熱ローラーであり、係る加熱ローラーがローラー形状の第１回転部１８１に接して、第１回転部１８１の外周面を加熱できるように構成されている。また、第１回転部１８１は、ローラー形状の第２回転部１８２と接しており、当該接した部分にウェブＷが挿入される。そして、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２が回転することによりウェブＷが加熱、加圧されて搬送されてシートＳが排出される。すなわち第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２によりウェブＷを挟み込んで加熱及び加圧するように構成されている。 2, the heating unit 183 is a heating roller, and the heating roller is configured to be in contact with the roller-shaped first rotating unit 181 so as to heat the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181. Moreover, the 1st rotation part 181 is in contact with the roller-shaped 2nd rotation part 182, and the web W is inserted in the said contact part. And the web W is heated and pressurized by the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 rotating, it is conveyed, and the sheet | seat S is discharged | emitted. That is, the web W is sandwiched and heated and pressurized by the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182.
　図２の例では、第１回転部１８１は、回転中心部の芯金１８４と、その周囲を取り巻くように配置された軟質体１８５と、により構成されている。芯金１８４は、アルミニウム、鉄、ステンレス等の金属で構成され、軟質体１８５は、例えば、シリコンゴム、ウレタンゴム、フッ素ゴム、ニトリルゴム、ブチルゴム、アクリルゴム、等により構成されている。軟質体１８５は、係るゴムの発泡体であってもよい。また、ローラー形状の第１回転部１８１は、機械的強度が保てる範囲で、芯金１８４を含まずに全体が軟質体１８５により構成されてもよい。 In the example of FIG. 2, the first rotating portion 181 includes a cored bar 184 at the center of rotation and a soft body 185 arranged so as to surround the periphery thereof. The core metal 184 is made of a metal such as aluminum, iron, or stainless steel, and the soft body 185 is made of, for example, silicon rubber, urethane rubber, fluorine rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, or the like. The soft body 185 may be such a rubber foam. Further, the roller-shaped first rotating portion 181 may be entirely constituted by the soft body 185 without including the cored bar 184 within a range in which the mechanical strength can be maintained.
　さらに、第１回転部１８１の表面には、ＰＦＡ（テトラフルオロエチレン・パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体）やＰＴＦＥ（ポリテトラフルオロエチレン）等のフッ素を含む層やＰＴＦＥ等のフッ素コーティングの図示せぬ離型層が設けられてもよい。 Furthermore, the surface of the first rotating portion 181 is not shown with a fluorine-containing layer such as PFA (tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer) or PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or a fluorine coating such as PTFE. A release layer may be provided.
　図２の例では、第２回転部１８２及び加熱部１８３は、加熱ローラーにより構成されている。加熱ローラーは、アルミニウム、鉄、ステンレス等の中空の芯金１８７で構成されている。また、加熱ローラーの表面には、ＰＦＡやＰＴＦＥ等のフッ素を含む層やＰＴＦＥ等のフッ素コーティングの離型層１８８が設けられている。離型層１８８は必要に応じて設けることができる。なお、芯金１８７と離型層１８８との間にシリコンゴム、ウレタンゴムやコットン等による弾性層を設けてもよい。 In the example of FIG. 2, the second rotating unit 182 and the heating unit 183 are configured by heating rollers. The heating roller is composed of a hollow cored bar 187 made of aluminum, iron, stainless steel or the like. Further, on the surface of the heating roller, a layer containing fluorine such as PFA or PTFE or a release layer 188 of fluorine coating such as PTFE is provided. The release layer 188 can be provided as necessary. An elastic layer made of silicon rubber, urethane rubber, cotton, or the like may be provided between the cored bar 187 and the release layer 188.
　また、加熱ローラーの内部（芯金１８７の内部）には、熱源Ｈとしてハロゲンヒーターが設けられている。熱源Ｈは、加熱ローラーの表面温度が所定の温度に維持するように制御される。なお、熱源Ｈとしては、ハロゲンヒーター等に限定されず、例えば、非接触ヒーターによる加熱や温風による加熱を用いてもよい。第２回転部１８２及び加熱部１８３の構成（離型層・芯金の厚みや材質、ローラーの外径）は、互いに同じでも異なってもよい。 Moreover, a halogen heater is provided as a heat source H inside the heating roller (inside the cored bar 187). The heat source H is controlled so that the surface temperature of the heating roller is maintained at a predetermined temperature. The heat source H is not limited to a halogen heater or the like, and for example, heating by a non-contact heater or heating by hot air may be used. The configurations of the second rotating unit 182 and the heating unit 183 (the thickness and material of the release layer / core metal and the outer diameter of the roller) may be the same as or different from each other.
　図２の例における第１回転部１８１、第２回転部１８２及び加熱部１８３の各ローラーを圧接する荷重は、特に限定されず、ウェブＷ又はシートＳに対して所定の圧力が印可でき、第１回転部１８１に対して加熱部１８３から所定の熱を与えることが可能な範囲で適宜に設定される。 The load that presses the rollers of the first rotating unit 181, the second rotating unit 182, and the heating unit 183 in the example of FIG. 2 is not particularly limited, and a predetermined pressure can be applied to the web W or the sheet S. It is appropriately set within a range in which predetermined heat can be applied from the heating unit 183 to the one rotating unit 181.
　図３は、図２の態様の第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２が接触している部分を拡大して示す模式図である。図２の例では、一対のローラーのうちの一方の第１回転部１８１を軟質体１８５を含んで構成したため、第１回転部１８１と第２回転部１８２とを圧接させることにより、第１回転部１８１の接触面が第２回転部１８２の接触面よりも変形しやすい。図３に示すように、第１回転部１８１が変形することにより、ウェブＷ又はシートＳを加熱加圧する際のニップ幅を大きくすることができる。また、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２を同じ硬度とする場合に比べて、接触面積も大きく取れるため、ウェブＷ及びシートＳの加熱をより効率的に行うことができる。 FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion where the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 in the aspect of FIG. 2 are in contact with each other. In the example of FIG. 2, since the first rotating part 181 of one of the pair of rollers includes the soft body 185, the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 are brought into pressure contact with each other to perform the first rotation. The contact surface of the part 181 is easier to deform than the contact surface of the second rotating part 182. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the nip width when the web W or the sheet S is heated and pressurized can be increased by the deformation of the first rotating unit 181. Further, since the contact area can be increased as compared with the case where the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182 have the same hardness, the web W and the sheet S can be heated more efficiently.
　このように、ニップ幅を大きくする場合には、第１回転部１８１と第２回転部１８２との硬度の差が存在することが好ましく、例えば、Ａｓｋｅｒ－Ｃ硬度（日本ゴム協会標準規格：ＳＲＩＳ－０１０１－１９６８）において、３０ポイント以上、好ましくは４０ポイント以上、より好ましくは５０ポイント以上の差があることが好ましい。硬度の差がこの範囲であれば、ニップ幅を例えば１０ｍｍ以上４０ｍｍ以下、好ましくは１５ｍｍ以上３０ｍｍ以下、より好ましくは１５ｍｍ以上２５ｍｍ以下に設定しやすい。また、硬度の差がこの範囲であれば、面圧（圧接する際の圧力）を例えば０．１ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ2以上１０ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ2以下、好ましくは０．５ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ2以上５ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ2以下、より好ましくは１ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ2以上３ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ2以下に設定しやすい。 Thus, when the nip width is increased, it is preferable that there is a difference in hardness between the first rotating part 181 and the second rotating part 182, for example, Asker-C hardness (Japan Rubber Association Standard: SRIS). −0101-1968), it is preferable that there is a difference of 30 points or more, preferably 40 points or more, more preferably 50 points or more. If the difference in hardness is within this range, the nip width can be easily set to, for example, 10 mm to 40 mm, preferably 15 mm to 30 mm, and more preferably 15 mm to 25 mm. Further, if the difference in hardness within this range, the surface pressure (pressure at the time of pressure) for example 0.1 kgf / mm 2 or more 10 kgf / mm 2 or less, preferably 0.5 kgf / mm 2 or more 5 kgf / mm 2 or less More preferably, it is easy to set to 1 kgf / mm 2 or more and 3 kgf / mm 2 or less.
　図４は、第１回転部１８１の外周面に対して、複数の加熱部１８３が接している態様を模式的に示す図である。図４に示すように、加熱部１８３を複数設けることにより、第１回転部１８１の硬度が小さい場合でも、第１回転部１８１の外周面をより加熱しやすい。 FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an aspect in which a plurality of heating units 183 are in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181. As shown in FIG. 4, by providing a plurality of heating units 183, it is easier to heat the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 even when the hardness of the first rotating unit 181 is small.
　図２及び図４の例では、第１回転部１８１のみの外周面を、加熱部１８３によって加熱しているが、第２回転部１８２の外周部を加熱する加熱部を設けてもよい。また、図２及び図４の例では、第１回転部１８１のみが軟質体１８５を含んでいるが、第２回転部１８２にも軟質体１８５を含むローラー（例えば、第１回転部１８１と同様の構成）を採用してもよい。このようにすれば、ニップ幅をさらに大きくすることができる。 2 and 4, the outer peripheral surface of only the first rotating part 181 is heated by the heating part 183, but a heating part for heating the outer peripheral part of the second rotating part 182 may be provided. 2 and 4, only the first rotating unit 181 includes the soft body 185, but the second rotating unit 182 also includes a roller including the soft body 185 (for example, similar to the first rotating unit 181). May be adopted. In this way, the nip width can be further increased.
　また、図２の例のように、第１回転部１８１に軟質体１８５を含む場合には、加熱部１８３が硬度の高い加熱ローラーで構成された場合でも、両者の接触面積を大きくすることができるため、第１回転部１８１の外周面を加熱する効率を高めることができる。 In addition, when the first rotating unit 181 includes the soft body 185 as in the example of FIG. 2, even when the heating unit 183 is configured by a heating roller having high hardness, the contact area between the two can be increased. Therefore, the efficiency of heating the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating part 181 can be increased.
　図５は、シート形成部８０である加熱加圧部をベルト形状の第１回転部１８１、ローラー形状の第２回転部１８２、及び非接触の加熱部１８３により構成した例を示す模式図である。 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example in which the heating and pressing unit that is the sheet forming unit 80 includes a belt-shaped first rotating unit 181, a roller-shaped second rotating unit 182, and a non-contact heating unit 183. .
　図５の例では、加熱部１８３が電熱ヒーターであり、係るヒーターから輻射熱によりベルト形状の第１回転部１８１の外周面を加熱できるように構成されている。また、第１回転部１８１は、ローラー形状の第２回転部１８２と接しており、当該接した部分にウェブＷが挿入される。そして、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２が回転することによりウェブＷが加熱、加圧されて搬送されてシートＳが排出される。すなわち第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２によりウェブＷを挟み込んで加熱及び加圧するように構成されている。 In the example of FIG. 5, the heating unit 183 is an electric heater, and is configured so that the outer peripheral surface of the belt-shaped first rotating unit 181 can be heated by radiant heat from the heater. Moreover, the 1st rotation part 181 is in contact with the roller-shaped 2nd rotation part 182, and the web W is inserted in the said contact part. And the web W is heated and pressurized by the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 rotating, it is conveyed, and the sheet | seat S is discharged | emitted. That is, the web W is sandwiched and heated and pressurized by the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182.
　図５の例のように、第１回転部１８１をベルトにより構成する場合、ベルトの材質は特に限定されないが、例えば、金属、ゴム、繊維等を含むことができる。第１回転部１８１がベルトである場合、ベルトの材質は、張架ローラー１８９によって張架される際の機械的強度や第２回転部１８２に対する圧接力が保てる範囲で適宜に設計される。 As in the example of FIG. 5, when the first rotating unit 181 is configured by a belt, the material of the belt is not particularly limited, but may include, for example, metal, rubber, fiber, and the like. When the first rotating part 181 is a belt, the material of the belt is appropriately designed as long as the mechanical strength when the belt is stretched by the stretching roller 189 and the pressure contact force against the second rotating part 182 can be maintained.
　さらに、第１回転部１８１をベルトとする場合、その表面には、ＰＦＡ（テトラフルオロエチレン・パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体）やＰＴＦＥ（ポリテトラフルオロエチレン）等のフッ素を含む層やＰＴＦＥ等のフッ素コーティングの図示せぬ離型層が設けられてもよい。 Furthermore, when the first rotating portion 181 is a belt, a layer containing fluorine such as PFA (tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer) or PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PTFE, or the like is used on the surface. A release layer (not shown) of fluorine coating may be provided.
　図５の例の、第２回転部１８２は、加熱ローラーにより構成されている。加熱ローラーは、上述の図２、図４の例と同様であるので説明を省略する。図５の例の加熱部１８３は、ベルトの外周面を加熱する電熱ヒーターであるが、ハロゲンヒーター等による輻射熱による加熱、マイクロ波加熱、温風加熱等を適用してもよい。また、ベルトの材質に金属を含む場合には、ＩＨ加熱を適用することもできる。さらに、図示しないが、ベルトの外周面に接触する加熱ローラー（ヒーターローラー）の他、ホットプレート等を適用してもよい。 The second rotating unit 182 in the example of FIG. 5 is configured by a heating roller. The heating roller is the same as the example in FIGS. The heating unit 183 in the example of FIG. 5 is an electric heater that heats the outer peripheral surface of the belt. However, heating by radiant heat using a halogen heater or the like, microwave heating, hot air heating, or the like may be applied. Further, when the belt material includes a metal, IH heating can also be applied. Furthermore, although not shown, a hot plate or the like may be applied in addition to a heating roller (heater roller) that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the belt.
　また、図５の例では、張架されたベルト（第１回転部１８１）に対してローラー（第２回転部１８２）が圧接している。しかし、図示しないが、張架ローラー１８９がベルトを介してローラー（第２回転部１８２）に圧接するようにしてもよい。さらに、図示しないが、第１回転部１８１として他のローラーを組み合わせて用いてもよい。 In the example of FIG. 5, the roller (second rotating portion 182) is in pressure contact with the stretched belt (first rotating portion 181). However, although not shown, the tension roller 189 may be in pressure contact with the roller (second rotating portion 182) via a belt. Furthermore, although not illustrated, the first rotating unit 181 may be used in combination with other rollers.
　図５の例における第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２を圧接する荷重は、特に限定されず、ウェブＷ又はシートＳに対して所定の圧力が印可でき、第１回転部１８１に対して加熱部１８３から所定の熱を与えることが可能な範囲で適宜に設定される。 The load that presses the first rotating portion 181 and the second rotating portion 182 in the example of FIG. 5 is not particularly limited, and a predetermined pressure can be applied to the web W or the sheet S, and the first rotating portion 181 can be applied to the first rotating portion 181. It is appropriately set within a range in which predetermined heat can be applied from the heating unit 183.
　２．３．第１回転部及び第２回転部の温度
　シート製造装置１００を動作させて、シートＳを製造する際、シート形成部８０においてウェブＷに印可される熱は、ウェブＷ中の添加物による繊維の結着が可能で、材料の劣化等の生じない範囲で、適宜に設定される。したがって、係る機能を発揮できる限り、シート形成部８０（加圧加熱部）の第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の温度は任意に設定できる。ここで、回転部の温度とは、ウェブＷに接する際の外表面の温度のことを指すが、回転部の熱容量が大きければ、回転部の外表面全体の平均的な温度としてもよい。 2.3. The temperature of the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit When the sheet manufacturing apparatus 100 is operated to manufacture the sheet S, the heat applied to the web W in the sheet forming unit 80 is generated by the fibers in the web W due to the additives. It is set appropriately as long as it can be bound and does not cause deterioration of the material. Therefore, as long as such a function can be exhibited, the temperatures of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 of the sheet forming unit 80 (pressure heating unit) can be arbitrarily set. Here, the temperature of the rotating portion refers to the temperature of the outer surface when contacting the web W, but may be an average temperature of the entire outer surface of the rotating portion as long as the heat capacity of the rotating portion is large.
　シートＳを形成する際の第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の温度は、同じであっても異なってもよい。シートＳを形成する際の第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の温度を同じに設定すると、ウェブＷ又はシートＳに対して両面から均等に熱を印可できるため、シートＳのカール等を抑制できる場合がある。 The temperatures of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 when forming the sheet S may be the same or different. If the temperature of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 when forming the sheet S is set to be the same, heat can be applied evenly from both sides to the web W or the sheet S. In some cases, it can be suppressed.
　一方、シートＳを形成する際の第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の温度を互いに異なる温度に設定すると、シートＳの厚さ方向に温度差を生じさせることができ、表面温度の高い方が熱による収縮量が大きくなり、シートＳは表面温度の高い表面の側に向かって反ろうとするので、シートＳが第１回転部１８１又は第２回転部１８２に貼り付いてしまうことを抑制することができる場合がある。シートＳを形成する際の第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の温度を互いに異なる温度に設定する場合には、両者の温度は、５℃以上、好ましくは７℃以上、より好ましくは１０℃以上、さらに好ましくは１５℃以上の温度差とすることが好ましい。このようにすれば、シートＳが第１回転部１８１又は第２回転部１８２により貼り付きにくくすることができる場合がある。 On the other hand, when the temperatures of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 when forming the sheet S are set to different temperatures, a temperature difference can be generated in the thickness direction of the sheet S, and the surface temperature is high. However, since the shrinkage amount due to heat increases and the sheet S tends to warp toward the surface having a higher surface temperature, the sheet S is prevented from sticking to the first rotating part 181 or the second rotating part 182. You may be able to. When the temperatures of the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182 when forming the sheet S are set to different temperatures, the temperature of both is 5 ° C. or higher, preferably 7 ° C. or higher, more preferably 10 It is preferable that the temperature difference is at least 15 ° C, more preferably at least 15 ° C. In this case, the sheet S may be less likely to be stuck by the first rotating unit 181 or the second rotating unit 182.
　さらに、第１回転部１８１及び第２回転部１８２の硬度が異なる場合には、より高い硬度を有する回転部（例えば、図２、図４及び図５の例における第２回転部１８２）の温度のほうが低くなるようにすることが好ましい。このようにすれば、回転部の硬度差による変形により、硬度の高い方の回転部にシートＳが沿おうとする傾向と、シートＳの厚さ方向の温度差による、シートＳの表面温度の高い表面の側に向かって反ろうとする傾向と、が相殺されるので、シートＳがより硬度の高い方の回転部に貼り付いてしまうことを抑制することができる場合がある。 Furthermore, when the hardness of the 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd rotation part 182 differs, the temperature of the rotation part (for example, the 2nd rotation part 182 in the example of FIG.2, FIG4 and FIG.5) which has higher hardness. It is preferable to lower the value. By doing so, the sheet S tends to follow the rotating part having a higher hardness due to deformation due to the hardness difference of the rotating part, and the surface temperature of the sheet S is high due to the temperature difference in the thickness direction of the sheet S. Since the tendency to warp toward the surface side is offset, it may be possible to suppress the sheet S from sticking to the rotating part having higher hardness.
　２．４．作用効果等
　加熱部１８３によって、第１回転部１８１及び／又は第２回転部１８２の外周面を加熱するようにすれば、第１回転部１８１及び／又は第２回転部１８２の回転中心側に熱源Ｈを配置する必要がなくなる。そうすると、ウェブＷ及びシートＳに接触する外周面を加熱部１８３によって直接加熱することができるので、より効率よく熱エネルギーをウェブＷ及びシートＳに伝達することができる。なお、第１回転部１８１及び／又は第２回転部１８２の外周面を加熱する加熱部１８３が設けられた場合でも、回転中心側に熱源Ｈを配置してもよい。 2.4. If the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182 is heated by the heating unit 183, the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182 is rotated toward the center of rotation. There is no need to arrange the heat source H. If it does so, since the outer peripheral surface which contacts the web W and the sheet | seat S can be directly heated by the heating part 183, a thermal energy can be transmitted to the web W and the sheet | seat S more efficiently. In addition, even when the heating part 183 which heats the outer peripheral surface of the 1st rotation part 181 and / or the 2nd rotation part 182 is provided, you may arrange | position the heat source H at the rotation center side.
　また、第１回転部１８１及び／又は第２回転部１８２に、軟質体１８５を含むローラーを採用し、外周面を加熱部１８３によって加熱するように構成すると、軟質体１８５が加熱部１８３の圧接によって変形し、第１回転部１８１及び／又は第２回転部１８２と、加熱部１８３との接触面積を大きくすることができる。これにより加熱部１８３から第１回転部１８１及び／又は第２回転部１８２への熱の伝達効率を高めることができる。さらに第１回転部１８１及び／又は第２回転部１８２の外径のほうが加熱部１８３の外径よりも大きい（加熱部１８３の加熱ローラーの外径が、加熱対象として接触する第１回転部１８１又は第２回転部１８２のローラーの外径よりも小さい）と、より効率よく加熱を行うことができる。 In addition, when a roller including the soft body 185 is employed in the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182 and the outer peripheral surface is heated by the heating unit 183, the soft body 185 is pressed against the heating unit 183. The contact area between the first rotating part 181 and / or the second rotating part 182 and the heating part 183 can be increased. Thereby, the heat transfer efficiency from the heating unit 183 to the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182 can be increased. Further, the outer diameter of the first rotating part 181 and / or the second rotating part 182 is larger than the outer diameter of the heating part 183 (the first rotating part 181 in which the outer diameter of the heating roller of the heating part 183 contacts as a heating target). Or it is smaller than the outer diameter of the roller of the 2nd rotation part 182), and it can heat more efficiently.
　さらに、第１回転部１８１及び／又は第２回転部１８２に、軟質体１８５を含むローラーを採用し、軟質体１８５の材質がシリコン系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、フッ素系樹脂等の高分子化合物である場合、熱による劣化が考えられる。ローラーの熱源Ｈが、回転中心付近に設けられると、ローラーの外表面の温度を所定の温度に制御するためには、回転中心付近の温度は、より高い温度に制御されることになる。 Furthermore, a roller including a soft body 185 is employed for the first rotating part 181 and / or the second rotating part 182, and the material of the soft body 185 is a polymer compound such as a silicon resin, a urethane resin, or a fluorine resin. In some cases, degradation due to heat is considered. When the heat source H of the roller is provided near the rotation center, the temperature near the rotation center is controlled to a higher temperature in order to control the temperature of the outer surface of the roller to a predetermined temperature.
　しかし、上記のように、加熱部１８３を第１回転部１８１及び／又は第２回転部１８２の外周面で接するようにしたことで、第１回転部１８１及び／又は第２回転部１８２の内部に熱源Ｈを持つ場合に比べて、表面を高温にしやすい。 However, as described above, the heating unit 183 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182, so that the inside of the first rotating unit 181 and / or the second rotating unit 182 is inside. Compared with the case where the heat source H is provided in the surface, the surface is easily heated to a high temperature.
　さらに、第１回転部１８１又は第２回転部１８２の材質として、回転部の内部に熱源を配置した場合に回転部の周面に熱が伝わりにくい材質や、内部の熱源を高温にすると溶けたり劣化したりする材質（例えば上述の軟質体１８５の例のうち、発泡ウレタン等）を採用した場合であっても、外周面で加熱することにより、より高温となる中心部から伝熱させることがないため、材質の劣化を起こしにくく外周面の温度を高温にしやすい。そのため、このような加熱加圧部をシート製造装置に採用すれば、長寿命であり信頼性を良好にすることができる。 Furthermore, as a material of the first rotating part 181 or the second rotating part 182, when a heat source is arranged inside the rotating part, a material that does not easily transfer heat to the peripheral surface of the rotating part, or melts when the internal heat source is heated to a high temperature. Even when a material that deteriorates (for example, foamed urethane or the like in the example of the soft body 185 described above) is used, heat can be transferred from the central portion that becomes higher temperature by heating on the outer peripheral surface. Therefore, it is difficult to cause deterioration of the material, and it is easy to raise the temperature of the outer peripheral surface. Therefore, if such a heating and pressing unit is employed in the sheet manufacturing apparatus, the life is long and the reliability can be improved.
　また、第１回転部１８１と第２回転部１８２と硬度差を設けた場合には、材料を挟持する際に、シートを加熱加圧する際のニップ幅を、硬度の高いローラー同士を接触させるよりも大きくできるため、材料の加熱をより十分にすることができる。 In addition, when a hardness difference is provided between the first rotating unit 181 and the second rotating unit 182, the nip width when the sheet is heated and pressed when the material is sandwiched is made higher than the rollers having high hardness are brought into contact with each other. Therefore, the material can be heated more sufficiently.
　なお、上記説明では、第１回転部、第２回転部及び加熱部の幾つかの態様について例示的に説明したが、第１回転部、第２回転部及び加熱部は、適宜に組み合わせることができ、各々の数も任意であり、適宜に構成することができる。 In the above description, several aspects of the first rotating unit, the second rotating unit, and the heating unit have been exemplarily described. However, the first rotating unit, the second rotating unit, and the heating unit can be appropriately combined. Each number is also arbitrary and can be appropriately configured.
　３．第１回転部及び第２回転部の温度制御
　３．１．構成
　本実施形態に係るシート製造装置は、繊維と樹脂とを含む材料を加熱加圧してシートを形成するシート製造装置であって、第１ローラーと、第１ローラーよりも熱伝導率の高い第２ローラーと、を有し、第１ローラーと第２ローラーとにより材料を挟持して加熱加圧するためのローラー対と、第１ローラーの外周面を加熱するための加熱部と、加熱部の温度を制御するための制御部と、を有する。 3. Temperature control of first rotating unit and second rotating unit 3.1. Configuration The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment is a sheet manufacturing apparatus that forms a sheet by heating and pressurizing a material including fibers and a resin. The first roller and the first roller having higher thermal conductivity than the first roller. A roller pair for sandwiching the material between the first roller and the second roller and heating and pressurizing, a heating unit for heating the outer peripheral surface of the first roller, and the temperature of the heating unit And a control unit for controlling.
　以下、上述の第１回転部１８１として第１ローラー１９１を採用し、上述の第２回転部１８２として第２ローラー１９２を採用し、これによって材料を挟持して加熱加圧するローラー対を構成した場合を例として、第１ローラー１９１の表面（外周面）の温度制御について説明する。またこの例では、上述の加熱部１８３は、第１ローラー１９１に接して第１ローラー１９１の外周面を加熱する加熱ローラー（加熱部）とし、１つの第１ローラー１９１に対して３つの加熱ローラー１９３ａ、加熱ローラー１９３ｂ及び加熱ローラー１９３ｃが接する構成となっている。 Hereinafter, when the 1st roller 191 is adopted as the above-mentioned 1st rotation part 181 and the 2nd roller 192 is adopted as the above-mentioned 2nd rotation part 182, and the roller pair which sandwiches material by this and constitutes the heat pressurization is constituted As an example, temperature control of the surface (outer peripheral surface) of the first roller 191 will be described. In this example, the heating unit 183 described above is a heating roller (heating unit) that contacts the first roller 191 and heats the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191, and three heating rollers for one first roller 191. 193a, the heating roller 193b, and the heating roller 193c are in contact with each other.
　図６は、実施形態に係る温度制御を行うためのシート形成部８０（加熱加圧部）の構成の一例を示す模式図である。図６に示す例では、シート形成部８０は、第１ローラー１９１及び第２ローラー１９２は、いずれも回転に伴って移動する外周面を有し、係る外周面の一部が互いに接して配置される。そして、第１ローラー１９１と第２ローラー１９２によりウェブＷを挟持して加熱加圧してシートＳを形成するように構成される。またこの例では、第１ローラー１９１は、発泡ゴム１９５（上述の軟質体１８５に相当する。）を含む材質であり、回転中心部の芯金１９４と、その周囲を取り巻くように配置された発泡ゴム１９５と、により構成されている。 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a sheet forming unit 80 (heating and pressing unit) for performing temperature control according to the embodiment. In the example illustrated in FIG. 6, in the sheet forming unit 80, each of the first roller 191 and the second roller 192 has an outer peripheral surface that moves with rotation, and a part of the outer peripheral surface is disposed in contact with each other. The Then, the web S is sandwiched between the first roller 191 and the second roller 192 and heated and pressed to form the sheet S. Further, in this example, the first roller 191 is made of a material including foamed rubber 195 (corresponding to the soft body 185 described above), and the foam core disposed around the core metal 194 at the center of rotation. And rubber 195.
　第２ローラー１９２は、金属の芯金１９７の外周面に離型層１９８が形成された構造を有している。そのため、発泡ゴム１９５を含む第１ローラー１９１のほうが、第２ローラー１９２よりも熱伝導率は低くなっている。また、発泡ゴム１９５を含む第１ローラー１９１のほうが、第２ローラー１９２よりも表面の硬度が低くなっている。 The second roller 192 has a structure in which a release layer 198 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a metal core bar 197. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the first roller 191 including the foamed rubber 195 is lower than that of the second roller 192. Further, the surface hardness of the first roller 191 including the foamed rubber 195 is lower than that of the second roller 192.
　図６に示すように、第１ローラー１９１及び第２ローラー１９２は、両者がローラー形状であるため、ウェブＷがローラー間に挟まれた際にウェブＷに対して圧力がかかる程度の間隔で、ローラーの回転中心軸が平行に配置されている。各加熱ローラー１９３ａ、加熱ローラー１９３ｂ及び加熱ローラー１９３ｃは、第１ローラー１９１の第１ローラー１９１の外周面に接触して加熱する。 As shown in FIG. 6, since the first roller 191 and the second roller 192 are both roller-shaped, at intervals such that pressure is applied to the web W when the web W is sandwiched between the rollers, The rotation center axis of the roller is arranged in parallel. Each heating roller 193a, the heating roller 193b, and the heating roller 193c are in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 of the first roller 191 to heat.
　また、各加熱ローラー１９３ａ、加熱ローラー１９３ｂ及び加熱ローラー１９３ｃの内部（芯金１９７の内部）には、熱源Ｈとしてハロゲンヒーターが設けられている。熱源Ｈに与えられる熱量（エネルギー）は、加熱ローラーの表面温度が所定の温度になるように制御される。 Further, a halogen heater is provided as a heat source H inside each heating roller 193a, heating roller 193b, and heating roller 193c (inside the cored bar 197). The amount of heat (energy) given to the heat source H is controlled so that the surface temperature of the heating roller becomes a predetermined temperature.
　さらに、図６に示す例では、各ローラーの外周面の温度を検出する検出部として、加熱ローラー１９３ｃ及び第１ローラー１９１の表面に接するようにサーミスタ１９９がそれぞれ設けられている。サーミスタ１９９は、接触しているローラーの部分の温度を検出して信号を送出する。なお、加熱ローラー１９３ａ、加熱ローラー１９３ｂ又は第２ローラー１９２の表面にも図示しないサーミスタが設けられている。さらに各ローラーには複数のサーミスタが設けられてもよい。 Furthermore, in the example shown in FIG. 6, the thermistors 199 are provided so as to be in contact with the surfaces of the heating roller 193 c and the first roller 191 as detection units for detecting the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of each roller. The thermistor 199 detects the temperature of the portion of the roller that is in contact and sends a signal. A thermistor (not shown) is also provided on the surface of the heating roller 193a, the heating roller 193b, or the second roller 192. Furthermore, each roller may be provided with a plurality of thermistors.
　また、各加熱ローラー、第１ローラー１９１、第２ローラー１９２及び各サーミスタ１９９は、図示しない制御部に接続されており、各ローラーの回転や温度を制御している。なお、図６に示すように複数の加熱ローラーが設けられる場合には、これらのうちの少なくとも１つの加熱ローラーが以下に説明するように制御されることにより、第１ローラー１９１の表面温度が所定の温度となるように制御している。 Each heating roller, first roller 191, second roller 192, and each thermistor 199 are connected to a control unit (not shown) to control the rotation and temperature of each roller. In the case where a plurality of heating rollers are provided as shown in FIG. 6, the surface temperature of the first roller 191 is predetermined by controlling at least one of these heating rollers as described below. The temperature is controlled so that
　第１ローラー１９１には、材料の搬送方向上流側にサーミスタ１９９が設けられている。すなわち、第１ローラー１９１に設けられたサーミスタ１９９は、第１ローラー１９１が材料（ウェブＷ）に接する手前（直前）の温度（材料の搬送方向上流側での外周面の表面温度）を検出している。そして制御部は、係る位置における第１ローラー１９１の表面温度が一定となるように、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの温度を制御する。なお、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの温度は、制御部からの信号に基づいて加熱ローラー１９３ｃの熱源Ｈに与えられるエネルギー（熱量）を加減することによって制御される。 The first roller 191 is provided with a thermistor 199 on the upstream side in the material conveyance direction. That is, the thermistor 199 provided on the first roller 191 detects the temperature just before the first roller 191 contacts the material (web W) (immediately before the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface on the upstream side in the material conveyance direction). ing. And a control part controls the temperature of the heating roller 193c so that the surface temperature of the 1st roller 191 in the position concerned becomes constant. The temperature of the heating roller 193c is controlled by adjusting the energy (heat amount) given to the heat source H of the heating roller 193c based on a signal from the control unit.
　３．２．制御
　本実施形態の第１ローラー１９１の温度制御の幾つかの例を以下に説明する。第１ローラー１９１は、所定の温度で材料（ウェブＷ）に接触することにより、表面の熱が奪われ外周面の表面温度が低下する。その後回転することによって、加熱ローラーに外周面が接触して加熱され、次に材料に接触するまでの間に所定の温度に戻される。なお、第１ローラー１９１から奪われた熱は、例えば、樹脂の溶融や水分の蒸発によって消費される。 3.2. Control Several examples of temperature control of the first roller 191 of this embodiment will be described below. When the first roller 191 comes into contact with the material (web W) at a predetermined temperature, the heat of the surface is taken and the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface decreases. Then, by rotating, the outer peripheral surface comes into contact with the heating roller and is heated, and then returned to a predetermined temperature until it comes into contact with the material. The heat taken away from the first roller 191 is consumed by, for example, melting of the resin or evaporation of moisture.
　ここで、本実施形態の制御では、第１ローラー１９１が材料に接触する直前の温度に基づいて、第１ローラー１９１の回転方向において材料を挟持する位置からより遠い位置に配置された加熱ローラー１９３ｃの温度を制御する。 Here, in the control of the present embodiment, based on the temperature immediately before the first roller 191 contacts the material, the heating roller 193c disposed at a position farther from the position where the material is sandwiched in the rotation direction of the first roller 191. To control the temperature.
　＜制御方法１＞
　制御方法の一例として、下記制御式（１）に基づく制御について説明する。 <Control method 1>
As an example of the control method, control based on the following control equation (1) will be described.
　　Ｑ＝ｋ1｛Ｔm,t＋ｋ2（Ｔe,c－Ｔm,c）－Ｔe,c｝　　・・・（１）
　式（１）中、Ｑは加熱ローラー１９３ｃに与える熱量（エネルギー）、Ｔは添え字に表されたローラーの表面温度（各サーミスタ１９９によって取得される）、ｋ1及びｋ2は比例定数である。また、添え字は、「ｍ」は第１ローラー１９１、「ｅ」は加熱ローラー１９３ｃ、「ｔ」は目標、「ｃ」は現在を意味する。したがって、「Ｔm,t」は、第１ローラー１９１の目標温度、「Ｔe,c」は加熱ローラー１９３ｃの現在の温度、「Ｔm,c」は第１ローラー１９１の現在の温度を表す。また、式（１）中、Ｔm,t＋ｋ2（Ｔe,c－Ｔm,c）は、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの目標温度を表す。 Q = k 1 {T m, t + k 2 (T e, c −T m, c ) −T e, c } (1)
In formula (1), Q is the amount of heat (energy) applied to the heating roller 193c, T is the surface temperature of the roller represented by the subscript (obtained by each thermistor 199), and k 1 and k 2 are proportional constants. . The subscript “m” means the first roller 191, “e” means the heating roller 193c, “t” means the target, and “c” means the present. Therefore, “T m, t ” represents the target temperature of the first roller 191, “T e, c ” represents the current temperature of the heating roller 193 c , and “T m, c ” represents the current temperature of the first roller 191. . In the formula (1), T m, t + k 2 (T e, c −T m, c ) represents the target temperature of the heating roller 193c.
　すなわち、式（１）の制御は、加熱ローラー１９３ｃに与える熱量（目標温度）を、第１ローラー１９１の外周面の目標温度と、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの現在の温度と第１ローラー１９１の外周面の現在の温度との差と、に基づいて決定するものとなっている。 That is, in the control of the expression (1), the amount of heat (target temperature) given to the heating roller 193c is set to the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191, the current temperature of the heating roller 193c, and the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191. It is determined based on the difference from the current temperature.
　このようにすることで、第１ローラー１９１の材料に接触する直前の部分の温度を、より短時間で目標温度に到達させることができる。また、これにより、例えば材料（ウェブＷ）に奪われる熱量の変動等が生じた場合など、外乱や摂動が生じた場合でもより短時間で目標温度に戻して安定させることができる。 By doing in this way, the temperature of the part just before contacting the material of the 1st roller 191 can be made to reach target temperature in a shorter time. This also makes it possible to return to the target temperature and stabilize in a shorter time even when disturbance or perturbation occurs, for example, when the amount of heat lost to the material (web W) occurs.
　＜制御方法２＞
　制御方法の一例として、下記制御式（２）に基づく制御について説明する。 <Control method 2>
As an example of the control method, control based on the following control equation (2) will be described.
　　Ｑ＝ｋ（Ｔm,t－Ｔm,c）　　・・・（２）
　式（２）中、記号は上記制御方法１（式（１））と同様であり、「Ｔm,t」は、第１ローラー１９１の目標温度、「Ｔm,c」は第１ローラー１９１の現在の温度を表す。ｋは比例定数である。 Q = k (T m, t −T m, c ) (2)
In the formula (2), the symbols are the same as those in the control method 1 (formula (1)), “T m, t ” is the target temperature of the first roller 191, and “T m, c ” is the first roller 191. Represents the current temperature of. k is a proportionality constant.
　式（２）は、式（１）のｋ2にが１である場合に相当する。式（２）による制御においては、第１ローラー１９１の外周面の目標温度と現在の温度との差に基づいて決定するものとなっている。 Equation (2) corresponds to the case where k 2 in Equation (1) is 1. In the control according to the equation (2), it is determined based on the difference between the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 and the current temperature.
　このようにすることで、第１ローラー１９１の材料に接触する直前の部分の温度を、より短時間で目標温度に到達させることができる。また、これにより、例えば材料（ウェブＷ）に奪われる熱量の変動等が生じた場合など、外乱や摂動が生じた場合でもより短時間で目標温度に戻して安定させることができる。 By doing in this way, the temperature of the part just before contacting the material of the 1st roller 191 can be made to reach target temperature in a shorter time. This also makes it possible to return to the target temperature and stabilize in a shorter time even when disturbance or perturbation occurs, for example, when the amount of heat lost to the material (web W) occurs.
　＜制御方法３＞
　制御方法の一例として、下記制御式（３）に基づく制御について説明する。 <Control method 3>
As an example of the control method, control based on the following control equation (3) will be described.
　　Ｑ＝ｋ1｛Ｔe,t,p＋ｋ2（Ｔm,t－Ｔm,c）－Ｔe,c｝　　・・・（３）
　式（１）中、Ｑは加熱ローラー１９３ｃに与える熱量（エネルギー）、Ｔは添え字に表されたローラーの表面温度（各サーミスタ１９９によって取得される）、ｋ1及びｋ2は比例定数である。また、添え字は、「ｅ」は加熱ローラー１９３ｃ、「ｔ」は目標、「ｐ」は前回を、「ｃ」は現在を、「ｍ」は第１ローラー１９１、意味する。したがって、「Ｔe,t,p」は、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの前回の目標温度、「Ｔm,t」は第１ローラー１９１の目標温度、「Ｔm,c」は第１ローラー１９１の現在の温度、「Ｔe,c」は加熱ローラー１９３ｃの現在の温度を表す。また、式（３）中、「Ｔe,t,p＋ｋ2（Ｔm,t－Ｔm,c）」は、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの今回の目標温度を表す。 Q = k 1 {T e, t, p + k 2 (T m, t −T m, c ) −T e, c } (3)
In formula (1), Q is the amount of heat (energy) applied to the heating roller 193c, T is the surface temperature of the roller represented by the subscript (obtained by each thermistor 199), and k 1 and k 2 are proportional constants. . The subscript “e” means the heating roller 193c, “t” means the target, “p” means the previous time, “c” means the current time, and “m” means the first roller 191. Therefore, “T e, t, p ” is the previous target temperature of the heating roller 193 c, “T m, t ” is the target temperature of the first roller 191, and “T m, c ” is the current target temperature of the first roller 191. The temperature “T e, c ” represents the current temperature of the heating roller 193c. In the formula (3), “T e, t, p + k 2 (T m, t −T m, c )” represents the current target temperature of the heating roller 193c.
　式（３）による制御は、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの目標温度を、直前の（前回の）加熱ローラー１９３ｃの目標温度と、第１ローラー１９１の外周面の目標温度と現在の温度との差に基づいて決定するものとなっている。また、式（３）の制御は、いわゆる逐次積分的な制御となっている。 The control by the expression (3) is based on the difference between the target temperature of the heating roller 193c and the target temperature of the immediately preceding (previous) heating roller 193c and the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 and the current temperature. It is to be decided. Further, the control of Expression (3) is so-called sequential integration control.
　このようにすることで、第１ローラー１９１の材料に接触する直前の部分の温度を、より短時間で目標温度に到達させることができる。また、これにより、例えば材料（ウェブＷ）に奪われる熱量の変動等が生じた場合など、外乱や摂動が生じた場合でもより短時間で目標温度に戻して安定させることができる。さらに、式（３）による制御によれば、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの温度が極端に高まることがないため、各ローラーやヒーターの寿命を延ばすことができる。 By doing in this way, the temperature of the part just before contacting the material of the 1st roller 191 can be made to reach target temperature in a shorter time. This also makes it possible to return to the target temperature and stabilize in a shorter time even when disturbance or perturbation occurs, for example, when the amount of heat lost to the material (web W) occurs. Furthermore, according to the control according to the expression (3), the temperature of the heating roller 193c does not increase extremely, so that the life of each roller or heater can be extended.
　３．３．制御の変形等
　制御部は、所定期間の間に、検出部（サーミスタ１９９）により検出された第１ローラー１９１の外周面の表面温度の平均温度に基づいて、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの温度を制御してもよい。具体的には、上記制御方法１～３のいずれにおいても、「Ｔm,c」すなわち現在の第１ローラー１９１の外周面の温度を、所定期間の平均温度としてもよい。ここで、所定期間とは、例えば、測定（検出）時点から過去３０秒間、好ましくは２０秒間、より好ましくは１０秒間、さらに好ましくは５秒間である。また、係る所定期間は、第１ローラー１９１の回転回数によって決定されてもよく、例えば、測定（検出）時点から過去３回転、好ましくは２回転、より好ましくは１回転、さらに好ましくは０．５回転である。 3.3. Control deformation, etc. The control unit controls the temperature of the heating roller 193c based on the average surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 detected by the detection unit (thermistor 199) during a predetermined period. Also good. Specifically, in any of the control methods 1 to 3, “T m, c ”, that is, the current temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 may be set as the average temperature for a predetermined period. Here, the predetermined period is, for example, the past 30 seconds from the measurement (detection) time point, preferably 20 seconds, more preferably 10 seconds, and further preferably 5 seconds. The predetermined period may be determined by the number of rotations of the first roller 191. For example, the past three rotations, preferably two rotations, more preferably one rotation, and even more preferably 0.5 from the time of measurement (detection). It is a rotation.
　第１ローラー１９１が発泡ゴムを含んで構成されていることから、断熱性が高く（熱伝導率が低く）、周方向の異なる位置間の温度の相関性が小さい。換言すれば、第１ローラー１９１は、熱伝導抵抗が大きいので、熱が伝達しにくく、周方向において均一な温度になりにくい。そのため、単純に第１ローラー１９１の外周面の一箇所に設けられたサーミスタ１９９が検知した温度にだけ基づいて加熱ローラー１９３ｃの熱量にフィードバックをかけても不適切となる場合がある。 Since the first roller 191 includes the foamed rubber, the heat insulation is high (the thermal conductivity is low), and the temperature correlation between the different positions in the circumferential direction is small. In other words, since the first roller 191 has a large heat conduction resistance, it is difficult for heat to be transmitted and the first roller 191 does not easily have a uniform temperature in the circumferential direction. For this reason, it may be inappropriate to simply apply feedback to the amount of heat of the heating roller 193c based on only the temperature detected by the thermistor 199 provided at one place on the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191.
　しかし、第１ローラー１９１の外周面の表面温度の平均温度に基づいて、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの温度を制御することで、第１ローラー１９１の外周面の周方向における平均的な温度を目標温度に近づけることができる。 However, the average temperature in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 is brought closer to the target temperature by controlling the temperature of the heating roller 193c based on the average temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191. be able to.
　以上の説明では、３つの加熱ローラーのうち、第１ローラー１９１の回転方向において材料を挟持する位置に最も近い位置に配置された加熱ローラー１９３ｃの温度制御について述べた。係る制御は、加熱ローラー１９３ａ、加熱ローラー１９３ｂ及び加熱ローラー１９３ｃの少なくとも１つに対して適用することができるが、上記説明のように加熱ローラー１９３ｃに適用すると第１ローラー１９１が材料に接触する位置に近いため、より効率がよい。 In the above description, the temperature control of the heating roller 193c disposed at the position closest to the position where the material is sandwiched in the rotation direction of the first roller 191 among the three heating rollers has been described. Such control can be applied to at least one of the heating roller 193a, the heating roller 193b, and the heating roller 193c, but when applied to the heating roller 193c as described above, the position where the first roller 191 contacts the material. Because it is close to, it is more efficient.
　４．実験例
　以下、温度制御に関する実験例を示して本発明をさらに説明するが、本発明は係る実験例により何ら限定されない。 4). Experimental Example Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described by showing an experimental example related to temperature control, but the present invention is not limited to the experimental example.
　図７～図１０は、実験によって得た加熱ローラー１９３ｃ及び第１ローラー１９１のそれぞれの表面温度の経時変化を示すグラフである。実験では、図６に示す構成の第１ローラー１９１、加熱ローラー１９３ｃ及びサーミスタ１９９の配置における上記各制御方法による加熱ローラー１９３ｃ及び第１ローラー１９１のそれぞれの表面温度の経時変化を測定した。 FIGS. 7 to 10 are graphs showing changes with time in the surface temperatures of the heating roller 193c and the first roller 191 obtained by experiments. In the experiment, changes with time in the surface temperatures of the heating roller 193c and the first roller 191 according to each of the above control methods in the arrangement of the first roller 191, the heating roller 193c, and the thermistor 199 configured as shown in FIG. 6 were measured.
　主なパラメーターとして、第１ローラー１９１の熱伝導率を０．０５（単位：Ｗ／（ｍ／ｋ））、直径を７０（ｍｍ）、長さを３４０（ｍｍ）とし、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの、直径を２０（ｍｍ）、長さを３４０（ｍｍ）とした。なお、第１ローラー１９１の外周面の温度は直前の５秒間の平均温度とした。また、第１ローラー１９１の目標温度は、１８０℃とした。 As main parameters, the thermal conductivity of the first roller 191 is 0.05 (unit: W / (m / k)), the diameter is 70 (mm), the length is 340 (mm), and the heating roller 193c is The diameter was 20 (mm) and the length was 340 (mm). In addition, the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the 1st roller 191 was made into the average temperature for the last 5 seconds. The target temperature of the first roller 191 was 180 ° C.
　図７、図８及び図９は、それぞれ上述の本実施形態の式（１）、式（２）及び式（３）を用いて第１ローラー１９１の外周面の温度を制御した結果を表す。また、図１０は、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの目標温度を２０５℃とした場合の結果を表す。 FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9 show the results of controlling the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 191 using the above-described formulas (1), (2), and (3) of the present embodiment, respectively. FIG. 10 shows the results when the target temperature of the heating roller 193c is 205 ° C.
　図７～図９をみると、制御式（１）～（３）のいずれの場合でも、目標温度に安定して到達することが分かった。これに対して図１０に示すグラフでは、目標温度において安定しなかった。また、図７及び図１０のグラフでは、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの加熱初期においてオーバーシュートが見られたが、図８及び図９のグラフではオーバーシュートが見られなかった。 7 to 9, it was found that the target temperature was stably reached in any of the control equations (1) to (3). In contrast, the graph shown in FIG. 10 was not stable at the target temperature. Further, in the graphs of FIGS. 7 and 10, overshoot was observed in the heating initial stage of the heating roller 193c, but no overshoot was observed in the graphs of FIGS.
　これらのことから、制御式（１）～（３）を用いれば、第１ローラー１９１の材料に接触する直前の部分の温度を、より短時間で目標温度に到達させることができることが分かった。また、例えば材料（ウェブＷ）に奪われる熱量の変動等が生じた場合など、外乱や摂動が生じた場合でもより短時間で目標温度に戻して安定させることができると予想できる。さらに、制御式（２）、（３）を用いれば、加熱ローラー１９３ｃの温度が極端に高まることがないため、加熱ローラー１９３ｃや第１ローラー１９１の寿命を延すことができることが分かった。 From these facts, it was found that if the control equations (1) to (3) are used, the temperature of the portion immediately before contacting the material of the first roller 191 can reach the target temperature in a shorter time. Further, for example, when a disturbance or perturbation occurs, such as when the amount of heat lost to the material (web W) occurs, it can be expected that the target temperature can be returned to and stabilized in a shorter time. Furthermore, it has been found that if the control equations (2) and (3) are used, the temperature of the heating roller 193c does not increase extremely, so that the life of the heating roller 193c and the first roller 191 can be extended.
　本発明は、上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、さらに種々の変形が可能である。例えば、本発明は、実施形態で説明した構成と実質的に同一の構成（機能、方法及び結果が同一の構成、あるいは目的及び効果が同一の構成）を含む。また、本発明は、実施形態で説明した構成の本質的でない部分を置き換えた構成を含む。また、本発明は、実施形態で説明した構成と同一の作用効果を奏する構成又は同一の目的を達成することができる構成を含む。また、本発明は、実施形態で説明した構成に公知技術を付加した構成を含む。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made. For example, the present invention includes configurations that are substantially the same as the configurations described in the embodiments (configurations that have the same functions, methods, and results, or configurations that have the same objects and effects). In addition, the invention includes a configuration in which a non-essential part of the configuration described in the embodiment is replaced. In addition, the present invention includes a configuration that exhibits the same operational effects as the configuration described in the embodiment or a configuration that can achieve the same object. In addition, the invention includes a configuration in which a known technique is added to the configuration described in the embodiment.
　１…ホッパー、２，３，４，５…管、６…ホッパー、７，８…管、９…ホッパー、１０…供給部、１２…粗砕部、１４…粗砕刃、２０…解繊部、２２…導入口、２４…排出口、３０…分級部、３１…導入口、３２…円筒部、３３…逆円錐部、３４…下部排出口、３５…上部排出口、３６…受け部、３７…ブロアー、４０…選別部、４２…導入口、４４…排出口、４５…篩、５０…混合部、５２…添加物供給部、５４…管、５６…ブロアー、６０…堆積部、６２…導入口、７０…ウェブ形成部、７２…メッシュベルト、７４…張架ローラー、７６…サクション機構、７８…調湿部、８０…シート形成部、８６…ヒーターローラー、９０…切断部、２１ｂ…第１切断部、９４…第２切断部、９６…排出部、１００…シート製造装置、１０２…製造部、１０６…成形部、１４０…制御部、１８１…第１回転部、１８２…第２回転部、１８３…加熱部、１８４…芯金、１８５…軟質体、１８７…芯金、１８８…離型層、１９１…第１ローラー、１９２…第２ローラー、１９３…加熱ローラー、１９４…芯金、１９５…発泡ゴム、１９７…芯金、１９８…離型層、１９９…サーミスタ、Ｓ…シート、Ｗ…ウェブ、Ｈ…熱源。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hopper, 2, 3, 4, 5 ... Pipe, 6 ... Hopper, 7, 8 ... Pipe, 9 ... Hopper, 10 ... Supply part, 12 ... Crushing part, 14 ... Crushing blade, 20 ... Defibration part , 22 ... introduction port, 24 ... discharge port, 30 ... classification part, 31 ... introduction port, 32 ... cylindrical part, 33 ... inverted conical part, 34 ... lower discharge port, 35 ... upper discharge port, 36 ... receiving part, 37 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Blower, 40 ... Sorting part, 42 ... Introduction port, 44 ... Discharge port, 45 ... Sieve, 50 ... Mixing part, 52 ... Additive supply part, 54 ... Pipe, 56 ... Blower, 60 ... Deposition part, 62 ... Introduction Mouth, 70 ... web forming part, 72 ... mesh belt, 74 ... tension roller, 76 ... suction mechanism, 78 ... humidity control part, 80 ... sheet forming part, 86 ... heater roller, 90 ... cutting part, 21b ... first Cutting unit, 94 ... second cutting unit, 96 ... discharge unit, 100 ... sheet manufacturing apparatus, 102 ... made , 106 ... molding part, 140 ... control part, 181 ... first rotating part, 182 ... second rotating part, 183 ... heating part, 184 ... cored bar, 185 ... soft body, 187 ... cored bar, 188 ... mold release Layer, 191 ... first roller, 192 ... second roller, 193 ... heating roller, 194 ... core metal, 195 ... foam rubber, 197 ... core metal, 198 ... release layer, 199 ... thermistor, S ... sheet, W ... Web, H ... heat source.

Claims (22)

  1. 　繊維と樹脂とを含む材料を加熱加圧してシートを形成する加熱加圧部を有するシート製造装置であって、
    　前記加熱加圧部は、回転可能な第１回転部と、前記第１回転部と接する回転可能な第２回転部と、を有し、
    　前記第１回転部と前記第２回転部により前記材料を挟持して加熱加圧し、
    　前記第１回転部及び前記第２回転部の少なくとも一つの外周面を加熱する加熱部を有することを特徴とする、シート製造装置。     A sheet manufacturing apparatus having a heating and pressing unit that forms a sheet by heating and pressurizing a material including fibers and a resin,
    The heating and pressing unit includes a rotatable first rotating unit, and a rotatable second rotating unit in contact with the first rotating unit,
    The material is sandwiched and heated and pressurized by the first rotating part and the second rotating part,
    A sheet manufacturing apparatus comprising: a heating unit configured to heat at least one outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit.
  2. 　前記第１回転部及び前記第２回転部はローラー形状であり、
    　前記加熱部は、内部に熱源を有する加熱ローラーであり、
    　前記加熱ローラーが、前記第１回転部及び前記第２回転部の少なくとも一つの外周面に接することを特徴とする、請求項１に記載のシート製造装置。     The first rotating part and the second rotating part are roller-shaped,
    The heating unit is a heating roller having a heat source inside,
    The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating roller is in contact with at least one outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit.
  3. 　前記加熱ローラーの径は、前記加熱ローラーが接する前記第１回転部又は前記第２回転部の径よりも小さいことを特徴とする、請求項１又は請求項２に記載のシート製造装置。 The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a diameter of the heating roller is smaller than a diameter of the first rotating part or the second rotating part with which the heating roller is in contact.
  4. 　前記加熱ローラーは複数あることを特徴とする、請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。 The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein there are a plurality of the heating rollers.
  5. 　前記第１回転部の熱伝導率は、前記第２回転部の熱伝導率よりも小さく、
    　前記加熱部は、前記第１回転部の外周面を加熱することを特徴とする、請求項１ないし請求項４のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。     The thermal conductivity of the first rotating part is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the second rotating part,
    5. The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating unit heats an outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit. 6.
  6. 　前記第１回転部はベルト状であり、
    　前記加熱部は、前記第１回転部の外周面を加熱することを特徴とする、請求項１に記載のシート製造装置。     The first rotating part has a belt shape,
    The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating unit heats an outer peripheral surface of the first rotating unit.
  7. 　前記シートを形成する際に、前記第１回転部及び前記第２回転部の温度が互いに異なる、請求項１ないし請求項６に記載のシート製造装置。 The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein when forming the sheet, the temperatures of the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit are different from each other.
  8. 　前記シートを形成する際に、前記第１回転部及び前記第２回転部の温度差が１０℃以上である、請求項１ないし請求項７のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。 The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein when forming the sheet, a temperature difference between the first rotating unit and the second rotating unit is 10 ° C or more.
  9. 　前記第１回転部の硬度は、前記第２回転部の硬度よりも小さい、請求項１ないし請求項８のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。 The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the hardness of the first rotating part is smaller than the hardness of the second rotating part.
  10. 　前記第１回転部の硬度は、前記第２回転部の硬度よりもＡｓｋｅｒ－Ｃ硬度において４０ポイント以上小さいことを特徴とする、請求項２ないし請求項９のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。 The sheet manufacturing according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the hardness of the first rotating part is 40 points or less smaller in Asker-C hardness than the hardness of the second rotating part. apparatus.
  11. 　前記シートを形成する際に、前記第１回転部のほうが前記第２回転部よりも１０℃以上温度が高い、請求項１ないし請求項９のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。 The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein when the sheet is formed, the temperature of the first rotating unit is higher by 10 ° C or more than that of the second rotating unit.
  12. 　前記加熱部の温度を制御するための制御部を有することを特徴とする、請求項１ないし１１のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。 The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a control unit for controlling a temperature of the heating unit.
  13. 　繊維と樹脂とを含む材料を加熱加圧してシートを形成するシート製造装置であって、
    　第１ローラーと、前記第１ローラーよりも熱伝導率の高い第２ローラーと、を有し、前記第１ローラーと前記第２ローラーとにより材料を挟持して加熱加圧するためのローラー対と、
    　前記第１ローラーの外周面を加熱するための加熱部と、
    　前記加熱部の温度を制御するための制御部と、を有することを特徴とする、シート製造装置。     A sheet manufacturing apparatus for forming a sheet by heating and pressurizing a material including fiber and resin,
    A first roller and a second roller having a higher thermal conductivity than the first roller, and a pair of rollers for sandwiching a material between the first roller and the second roller for heating and pressing,
    A heating unit for heating the outer peripheral surface of the first roller;
    And a control unit for controlling the temperature of the heating unit.
  14. 　前記第１ローラーは、発泡ゴムを含むローラーであり、
    　前記第２ローラーは、前記第１ローラーよりも硬度の高いローラーであることを特徴とする、請求項１３に記載のシート製造装置。     The first roller is a roller containing foamed rubber,
    The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the second roller is a roller having higher hardness than the first roller.
  15. 　前記制御部は、前記第１ローラーの、材料の搬送方向上流側での外周面の表面温度が一定となるように、前記加熱部の温度を制御することを特徴とする、請求項１２または請求項１４記載のシート製造装置。 The said control part controls the temperature of the said heating part so that the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the conveyance direction upstream of a material of the said 1st roller may become fixed, The Claim 12 or Claim characterized by the above-mentioned. Item 15. The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to Item 14.
  16. 　前記加熱部は、前記第１ローラーの外周面を加熱する複数の加熱ローラーを備え、
    　前記制御部は、前記複数の加熱ローラーの一の温度を制御することを特徴とする、請求項１３ないし請求項１５のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。     The heating unit includes a plurality of heating rollers for heating the outer peripheral surface of the first roller,
    The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the control unit controls one temperature of the plurality of heating rollers.
  17. 　前記制御部により温度制御される加熱ローラーは、前記第１ローラーの回転方向において材料を挟持する位置に近い位置に配置されたローラーであることを特徴とする、請求項１６に記載のシート製造装置。 The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the heating roller whose temperature is controlled by the control unit is a roller disposed at a position close to a position where the material is sandwiched in the rotation direction of the first roller. .
  18. 　前記第１ローラーの外周面の表面温度を検出する検出部を備え、
    　前記制御部は、所定期間の間に、前記検出部により検出された前記第１ローラーの外周面の表面温度の平均温度に基づいて、前記加熱ローラーの温度を制御することを特徴とする、請求項１５ないし請求項１７のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。     A detection unit for detecting the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller;
    The control unit controls a temperature of the heating roller based on an average surface temperature of an outer peripheral surface of the first roller detected by the detection unit during a predetermined period. The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 17.
  19. 　前記制御部は、前記加熱ローラーの目標温度を、前記第１ローラーの外周面の目標温度と、前記加熱ローラーの現在の温度と前記第１ローラーの外周面の現在の温度との差とに基づいて決定することを特徴とする、請求項１５ないし請求項１８のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。 The control unit determines the target temperature of the heating roller based on the target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller and the difference between the current temperature of the heating roller and the current temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller. The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the sheet manufacturing apparatus is determined as described above.
  20. 　前記制御部は、前記加熱ローラーの熱量を、前記第１ローラーの外周面の目標温度と現在の温度との差に基づいて決定することを特徴とする、請求項１５ないし請求項１８のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。 19. The control unit according to claim 15, wherein the controller determines the amount of heat of the heating roller based on a difference between a target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller and a current temperature. The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to one item.
  21. 　前記制御部は、前記加熱ローラーの目標温度を、直前の前記加熱ローラーの目標温度と、前記第１ローラーの外周面の目標温度と現在の温度との差に基づいて決定することを特徴とする、請求項１５ないし請求項１８のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置。 The control unit determines the target temperature of the heating roller based on a difference between a target temperature of the immediately preceding heating roller and a target temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller and a current temperature. The sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 18.
  22. 　請求項１５ないし請求項２１のいずれか一項に記載のシート製造装置を用い、
    　前記第１ローラーの、材料の搬送方向上流側での外周面の表面温度が一定となるように、前記加熱部の温度を制御する工程と、
    　前記第１ローラーと前記第２ローラーとにより材料を挟持して加熱加圧する工程と、を含む、シート製造方法。     Using the sheet manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 21,
    Controlling the temperature of the heating unit so that the surface temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller on the upstream side in the material conveyance direction is constant;
    And a step of heating and pressing the material between the first roller and the second roller.
PCT/JP2015/006278 2015-01-13 2015-12-16 Sheet manufacturing device and sheet manufacturing method WO2016113803A1 (en)

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JPS61231296A (en) * 1985-01-25 1986-10-15 メジユアレツクス、コ−ポレ−シヨン Apparatus for controlling calender roll
JP2002536564A (en) * 1999-02-09 2002-10-29 エスジーエム エス．ピー．エー． Calendar with magnetic device to adjust contact pressure between rolls
JP2009150045A (en) * 2002-01-29 2009-07-09 Metso Paper Inc Method for drying paper/paperboard web by pressing in processing apparatus
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018043176A1 (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-03-08 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Sheet manufacturing device
JPWO2018043176A1 (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-10-25 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Sheet manufacturing equipment
US11298725B2 (en) 2016-08-31 2022-04-12 Seiko Epson Corporation Sheet manufacturing apparatus

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