WO2016107517A1 - 一种铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢及其制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2016107517A1
WO2016107517A1 PCT/CN2015/099190 CN2015099190W WO2016107517A1 WO 2016107517 A1 WO2016107517 A1 WO 2016107517A1 CN 2015099190 W CN2015099190 W CN 2015099190W WO 2016107517 A1 WO2016107517 A1 WO 2016107517A1
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alloy steel
resistant alloy
high wear
ppm
mass percentage
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PCT/CN2015/099190
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French (fr)
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文超
董雯
梁会雷
陈亮
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中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司
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Publication of WO2016107517A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016107517A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

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  • the invention belongs to the field of alloy steel and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to a high-performance alloy steel, in particular to a high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the high-speed heavy-duty railway has extremely severe operating conditions for the ballast equipment due to its large axle weight, high density and large traffic conditions, which makes the wear and damage of the forks and other parts of the ballast far greater than the same type of ordinary line.
  • Turns. With the further development of rail transportation to heavy loads, active high manganese steel frogs have become increasingly difficult to meet their needs. For forks with poor service conditions (especially for the split core and wing rails), not only must they have sufficient hardness and strength, but also sufficient toughness to improve their wear resistance.
  • the technical requirements for the relevant indicators of commercial alloy steel frogs are as follows (see “Technical Conditions for Alloy Steel Axle Combination Bifurcation (Provisional)” in Document No.
  • R m ⁇ 1240MPa R m ⁇ 1240MPa, ⁇ KU (room temperature) ⁇ 70J / cm 2, ⁇ KU (-40 °C) ⁇ 35J / cm 2, hardness 38 ⁇ 45HRC.
  • a typical commercial frog is selected for testing, and its composition and mass percentage ratio: C 0.25, Si 2.08, Mn 1.69, P 0.008, S 0.002, Cr 1.40, Ni 0.30, Mo 0.28, Al 0.03, Nb 0.01, O 18 ppm, N 74 ppm, H 0.39 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were as follows: R m was 1263 MPa, R p0.2 was 1020 MPa, hardness was 39.5 HRC to 42.0 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 74 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 37 J/cm. 2 .
  • CN100449027C discloses a wear-resistant steel suitable for railway ballasts, which uses Si-Mn-Cr-Mo-based alloying elements and adds V and Ti refined grains, and the manufacturing process is improved to some extent by a deformation heat treatment process. The quality stability of the frog and the production cost are reduced, but its hardness and impact toughness are not very superior.
  • CN1166804C discloses a super high-toughness weldable air-cooled Hongkang bainitic steel for railway frogs and a manufacturing method thereof, which adopts Mn and Si as main alloy elements, supplemented with elements such as Cr, Ni, Mo, and Ti, V and Nb are refined grain elements, and the ordinary smelting method is adopted for manufacturing.
  • Mn and Si are the main additive elements, segregation of Mn is inevitable in the smelting process, resulting in uneven cross-sectional performance.
  • the stability of the intrinsic quality is poor, and at the same time, due to the large addition of Si, a large amount of oxidation of the surface of the workpiece during forging and heat treatment is caused, thereby wasting material and increasing processing cost.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs, which is a high-strength, high-hardness, high-toughness wear-resistant steel, and is particularly suitable for high-speed heavy-duty railway frogs.
  • a high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs the components and their mass percentages are as follows: C 0.29% to 0.45%, Si 0.20% to 0.59%, Mn 0.90% to 1.51%, P ⁇ 0.015%, S ⁇ 0.010%, Cr 1.52% ⁇ 1.79%, Ni 1.01% ⁇ 1.49%, Mo 0.29% ⁇ 0.59%, Al 0.02% ⁇ 0.07%, Nb 0.025% ⁇ 0.10%, 0.05% ⁇ Nb+Al ⁇ 0.15%, [O] ⁇ 20 ppm, [N] ⁇ 100 ppm, [H] ⁇ 0.50 ppm, and the balance is iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • a method for manufacturing a high wear-resistant alloy steel for a railway yoke includes the following steps: electric arc furnace smelting ⁇ ladle furnace refining ⁇ vacuum furnace degassing ⁇ die casting ⁇ initial rolling Blank ⁇ forging type ⁇ dehydrogenation heat treatment ⁇ final heat treatment; wherein the forging type adopts free forging and die forging, and the final heat treatment includes controlled cooling after 0.1 ° C / s to 0.8 ° C / s after austenitizing, after cooling to room temperature Re-tempering.
  • the wear-resistant alloy steel of the present invention has a carbon content of 0.29% to 0.45% to ensure excellent hardness and strength properties of the alloy steel of the present invention, and has very high toughness and good weldability.
  • the addition of alloying elements Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo and its suitable ratio can effectively improve the strength, hardness and toughness of the alloy steel, and ensure the uniformity of structure and performance of the entire part cross section. And consistency.
  • the addition of alloying elements Al and Nb and their suitable ratio selection can effectively inhibit austenite grain growth during forging and heat treatment, refine grains and improve the strength, ductility and toughness of the alloy steel.
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs adopts the addition of C, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Al, Nb and the appropriate ratio selection thereof, thereby effectively improving the resistance.
  • Strength, hardness and toughness properties of steel Compared with the prior art, the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs according to the present invention adopts the addition of C, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Al, Nb and the appropriate ratio selection thereof, thereby effectively improving the resistance.
  • Strength, hardness and toughness properties of steel are examples of steel.
  • the manufacturing method of the present invention adopts a system control method of smelting, forging and heat treatment, which can reduce segregation of alloying elements of steel ingots, and improve uniformity of cross-section performance and stability of intrinsic quality of forgings.
  • the mechanical performance index of the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs of the present invention is as follows: R m ⁇ 1605 MPa, R p0.2 ⁇ 1300 MPa, hardness ⁇ 48 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) ⁇ 100 J/cm 2 , ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) ) ⁇ 70J/cm 2 .
  • the mechanical properties of the high wear-resistant alloy steel for the railway frog of the present invention have a significant increase.
  • the alloy steel of the present invention has high strength, high hardness and high toughness performance characteristics, and is particularly suitable for the demand of high speed heavy-duty railway frogs, and has the characteristics of high service life, easy manufacture, and easy assembly and use.
  • a high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs characterized in that each component and its mass percentage are as follows: C 0.29% to 0.45%, Si 0.20% to 0.59%, Mn 0.90% to 1.51%, P ⁇ 0.015%, S ⁇ 0.010%, Cr 1.52% to 1.79%, Ni 1.01% to 1.49%, Mo 0.29% to 0.59%, Al 0.02% to 0.07%, Nb 0.025% to 0.10%, 0.05% ⁇ Nb + Al ⁇ 0.15%, [O] ⁇ 20 ppm, [N] ⁇ 100 ppm, [H] ⁇ 0.50 ppm, and the balance is iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • each component and its mass percentage are as follows: C 0.29% to 0.34%, Si 0.20% to 0.59%, and Mn 1.01% to 1.51%. , P ⁇ 0.015%, S ⁇ 0.010%, Cr 1.52% to 1.79%, Ni 1.21% to 1.49%, Mo 0.35% to 0.59%, Al 0.02% to 0.07%, Nb 0.025% to 0.10%, 0.05% ⁇ Nb +Al ⁇ 0.15%, [O] ⁇ 20 ppm, [N] ⁇ 100 ppm, [H] ⁇ 0.50 ppm, and the balance is iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel according to the first aspect characterized in that each component and its mass percentage are as follows: C 0.35% to 0.39%, Si 0.20% to 0.59%, and Mn 0.90% to 1.51%. , P ⁇ 0.015%, S ⁇ 0.010%, Cr 1.52% to 1.79%, Ni 1.01% to 1.49%, Mo 0.29% to 0.59%, Al 0.02% to 0.07%, Nb 0.025% to 0.10%, 0.05% ⁇ Nb +Al ⁇ 0.15%, [O] ⁇ 20 ppm, [N] ⁇ 100 ppm, [H] ⁇ 0.50 ppm, and the balance is iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mechanical properties of the high wear-resistant alloy steel are as follows: R m ⁇ 1605 MPa, R p0.2 ⁇ 1300 MPa, hardness ⁇ 48 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) ⁇ 100 J/cm 2 , ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) ⁇ 70 J/cm 2 .
  • the method for producing a high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frog according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the manufacturing method comprises the following steps in sequence: electric arc furnace smelting ⁇ Ladle furnace refining ⁇ vacuum furnace degassing ⁇ die casting ⁇ initial rolling blanking ⁇ forging type ⁇ dehydrogenation heat treatment ⁇ final heat treatment; wherein the forging type adopts free forging and die forging, and the final heat treatment includes 0.1°C after austenitizing Control cooling after /s ⁇ 0.8 ° C / s, cool to room temperature and then tempered.
  • Item 11 The method for producing a high wear-resistant alloy steel according to claim 10, wherein the final heat treatment comprises austenitizing at 890 ° C to 980 ° C and then air cooling to room temperature, and the cooling rate is 0.3 ° C / s ⁇ 0.5 ° C / s; then tempering at 160 ° C ⁇ 550 ° C.
  • the unavoidable impurities described in this application refer to impurities that cannot be completely smelted and removed in scrap steel or ore during smelting, such as trace elements such as As, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, etc.
  • the content of these elements usually needs to be controlled.
  • Sn ⁇ 0.01%, Pb ⁇ 0.01%, Sb ⁇ 0.01%, Bi ⁇ 0.01% if these elements are too high, it will have a certain adverse effect on the toughness properties in the product.
  • Electric arc furnace smelting through oxidation and reduction refining, remove P and S, remove oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, remove inclusions, control and adjust chemical composition, and obtain relatively pure molten steel.
  • Ladle furnace refining pour the pure molten steel obtained by electric arc furnace smelting into a ladle furnace for refining, further precise control of chemical composition, removal of S and gas.
  • Vacuum furnace degassing Pour the purer molten steel adjusted by the ladle furnace into the vacuum furnace, oxygen, decarburization, vacuum degassing, fine tuning of the alloy composition under vacuum, and obtain the final chemical composition with precise control. Pure molten steel (qualified means that it meets the requirements of the technical solution of this application).
  • Molding Pour qualified pure molten steel into the ingot type, control the cooling rate of the ingot type to obtain a dense, relatively uniform and less segregated steel ingot, ready for rolling. Bottom casting is used during the molding process.
  • Forging type The initial rolled billet is subjected to preliminary free forging, and the final forging is performed by die forging.
  • Dehydrogenation heat treatment The forged piece is subjected to dehydrogenation treatment to greatly improve the impact toughness of the forging.
  • Final heat treatment The forged piece after the dehydrogenation heat treatment is subjected to the final heat treatment of the structure and properties.
  • the elements to be adjusted are determined by measuring the content of each component in the raw material before the electric arc furnace is smelted, and elemental adjustment and dehydrogenation heat treatment are performed by electric arc furnace smelting, ladle furnace refining, and vacuum furnace degassing. Further, hydrogen is removed to adjust the components of the high-wear-resistant alloy steel for railway skewers of the present invention to an appropriate range.
  • the process parameters of the electric arc furnace smelting, ladle refining and vacuum degassing in the present invention are process parameters commonly used in the art, and those skilled in the art are regulated according to the common knowledge in the art and the desired group distribution ratio.
  • the raw material for preparing the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs of the present invention is generally scrap steel.
  • the final heat treatment may include air cooling to room temperature after austenitizing at 890 ° C to 980 ° C, wherein the austenitizing heat holding time is determined according to the effective thickness of the product, generally 25 mm The thickness was heated for 1 hour to calculate the holding time.
  • the cooling rate is from 0.3 ° C / s to 0.5 ° C / s, and then tempered at 160 ° C ⁇ 550 ° C, preferably 300 ° C ⁇ 450 ° C, wherein the tempering temperature is determined according to performance requirements, tempering heating and holding time according to the product Depending on the effective thickness, it is generally possible to heat the thickness of 25 mm for 1.5 hours to calculate the holding time.
  • the final heat treatment may include air cooling to room temperature after austenitizing at 890 ° C to 980 ° C, wherein the austenitizing heating and holding time is determined according to the effective thickness of the product, generally according to 25 mm.
  • the thickness was heated for 1 hour to calculate the holding time.
  • the cooling rate is from 0.5 ° C / s to 0.8 ° C / s, and then tempered at 160 ° C ⁇ 550 ° C, preferably 300 ° C ⁇ 450 ° C, wherein the tempering temperature is determined according to performance requirements, tempering heating and holding time according to the product
  • the heating time is generally calculated by heating for 1.5 hours at a thickness of 25 mm.
  • the component contents are all based on their mass percentage.
  • the standard for determining the tensile properties at room temperature is GB/T228-2002 "Metal Material Tensile Test Method”
  • the standard for the measurement of impact properties is GB/T229-2007 "Metal Material Charpy Pendulum” Impact test method
  • the standard used for the conversion method of ⁇ KU is GB/T229-1984 "Metal Charpy (U-notch) impact test method”
  • the hardness test is based on GBT 230.1-2009 metal material Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test methods (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T scales).
  • scrap steel as raw material, firstly determine the components and content of the raw steel, and according to the components required for the target high wear-resistant air-cooled steel and the mass percentage thereof, the raw steel and other raw materials used for the furnishing, such as various ore particles.
  • the pure molten steel obtained by the electric arc furnace smelting is poured into a ladle furnace for refining, and the chemical composition is further precisely controlled to further remove S and gas.
  • the forged piece after dehydrogenation heat treatment is subjected to final heat treatment of microstructure and properties, and the final heat treatment includes austenitizing at 890 ° C to 980 ° C, then air cooling to room temperature, and the cooling rate is 0.3 ° C / s to 0.5 ° C / s, and then
  • the tempering is carried out at 300 ° C to 450 ° C to obtain the high wear-resistant alloy steel of the present invention, and the components thereof and their mass percentage ratios are: C 0.30, Si 0.52, Mn 1.27, P 0.007, S 0.004, Cr 1.64, Ni 1.29, Mo 0.44, Al 0.07, Nb 0.04, O 18 ppm, N 76 ppm, H 0.36 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were found to be: R m was 1685 MPa, R p0.2 was 1367 MPa, hardness was 51.5 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 134 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 92 J/cm 2 .
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs was prepared by the method described in Example 1, and its components and their mass percentage ratios were: C 0.29, Si 0.45, Mn 1.51, P 0.006, S 0.006, Cr 1.67, Ni 1.47. Mo 0.41, Al 0.05, Nb 0.10, O 18 ppm, N 79 ppm, H 0.43 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were found to be: R m was 1701 MPa, R p0.2 was 1370 MPa, hardness was 52.0 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 112 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 79 J/cm 2 .
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs was prepared by the method described in Example 1, and its components and their mass percentage ratios were: C 0.38, Si 0.20, Mn 1.29, P 0.009, S 0.004, Cr 1.75, Ni 1.01. Mo 0.56, Al 0.07, Nb 0.08, O 15 ppm, N 78 ppm, H 0.42 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were as follows: R m was 1723 MPa, R p0.2 was 1384 MPa, hardness was 52.5 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 137 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 93 J/cm 2 .
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs was prepared by the method described in Example 1, and its components and their mass percentage ratios were: C 0.33, Si 0.59, Mn 1.01, P 0.009, S 0.001, Cr 1.61, Ni. 1.22, Mo 0.57, Al 0.06, Nb 0.09O 20 ppm, N 75 ppm, H 0.46 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were found to be: R m was 1719 MPa, R p0.2 was 1377 MPa, hardness was 52.5 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 138 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 94.5 J/cm 2 .
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs was prepared by the method described in Example 1, and its components and their mass percentage ratios were: C 0.39, Si 0.21, Mn 1.36, P 0.008, S 0.004, Cr 1.72, Ni 1.21 Mo 0.29, Al 0.07, Nb 0.07, O 14 ppm, N 77 ppm, H 0.41 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were found to be: R m was 1625 MPa, R p0.2 was 1321 MPa , hardness was 50.5 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 145 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 101 J/cm 2 .
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs was prepared by the method described in Example 1, and its components and their mass percentage ratios were: C 0.29, Si 0.30, Mn 1.32, P 0.009, S 0.002, Cr 1.79, Ni 1.24. Mo 0.59, Al 0.02, Nb 0.03, O 20 ppm, N 98 ppm, H 0.35 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were as follows: R m was 1653 MPa, R p0.2 was 1331 MPa, hardness was 51.0 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 129 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 88 J/cm 2 .
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs was prepared by the method described in Example 1, and its components and their mass percentage ratios were: C 0.37, Si 0.39, Mn 1.17, P 0.007, S 0.003, Cr 1.54, Ni 1.26. Mo 0.36, Al 0.04, Nb 0.05, O 19 ppm, N 65 ppm, H 0.33 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were found to be: R m was 1631 MPa, R p0.2 was 1323 MPa, hardness was 50.5 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 141 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 99 J/cm 2 .
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs was prepared by the method described in Example 1, and its components and their mass percentage ratios were: C 0.38, Si 0.47, Mn 0.92, P 0.007, S 0.001, Cr 1.55, Ni 1.49. Mo 0.37, Al 0.06, Nb 0.06, O 16 ppm, N 82 ppm, H 0.41 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were found to be: R m was 1709 MPa, R p0.2 was 1374 MPa, hardness was 52.0 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 114 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 83 J/cm 2 .
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs was prepared by the method described in Example 1, and its components and their mass percentage ratios were: C 0.36, Si 0.41, Mn 1.34, P 0.008, S 0.002, Cr 1.52, Ni 1.08. Mo 0.47, Al 0.06, Nb 0.08, O 17 ppm, N 98 ppm, H 0.45 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were found to be: R m was 1701 MPa, R p0.2 was 1369 MPa, hardness was 52.0 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 119 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 91 J/cm 2 .
  • the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs was prepared by the method described in Example 1, and its components and their mass percentage ratios were: C 0.45, Si 0.24, Mn 0.90, P 0.006, S 0.001, Cr 1.58, Ni 1.05. Mo 0.45, Al 0.07, Nb 0.03, O 16 ppm, N 88 ppm, H 0.35 ppm, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the mechanical properties were found to be: R m was 1629 MPa, R p0.2 was 1321 MPa , hardness was 50.5 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 142 J/cm 2 , and ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) was 103 J/cm 2 .
  • the smelting and forging method of the first embodiment is repeated to prepare a high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs, and is particularly suitable for high wear-resistant alloy steel for a rail ⁇ fork of a specification type of 60 Kg/m, and a final heat treatment and a 75 Kg/m frog.
  • the difference is that after austenitizing at 890 ° C to 980 ° C, air cooling to room temperature, the cooling rate is from 0.5 ° C / s to 0.8 ° C / s; and then tempered at 160 ° C ⁇ 550 ° C.
  • the mechanical properties of the high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs were as follows: R m was 1701 MPa, R p0.2 was 1373 MPa, hardness was 52.0 HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) was 115 J/cm 2 , ⁇ KU (- 40 ° C) was 81 J/cm 2 .
  • a set of high wear-resistant alloy steel for high-speed heavy-duty railway frogs was prepared by the method described in Example 1, and its composition and mass percentage were as shown in Table 1 below.
  • the mechanical properties of the high wear-resistant alloy steel in this set of examples can meet the following requirements: R m ⁇ 1605MPa, R p0.2 ⁇ 1300MPa, hardness ⁇ 48HRC, ⁇ KU (room temperature) ⁇ 100J/cm 2 , ⁇ KU (-40 ° C) ⁇ 70 J / cm 2 .
  • the specific results are shown in Table 2.
  • Table 1 Composition and mass percentage ratio of high wear-resistant alloy steel for railway frogs

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Abstract

一种用于铁路辙叉的高强度耐磨钢及其制造方法，该耐磨钢的组成为：C 0.29％～0.45％、Si 0.20％～0.59％、Mn 0.90％～1.51％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、Cr 1.52％～1.79％、Ni 1.01％～1.49％、Mo 0.29％～0.59％、Al 0.02％～0.07％、Nb 0.025％～0.10％、0.05％≤Nb+Al≤0.15％、[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤100ppm、[H]≤0.50ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。

Description

一种铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明属于合金钢及其制造方法领域，涉及一种高性能的合金钢，特别是涉及一种铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢及其制造方法。
背景技术
高速重载铁路以其大轴重、高密度和大运量的运输工况对道岔设备构成了极其严酷的运行条件，使道岔中辙叉等零件的磨损和伤损远远大于普通线路同型号道岔。随着铁路运输向重载进一步发展，现役的高锰钢辙叉已经越来越难以满足其需求。针对服役条件恶劣的辙叉(尤其是辙叉心轨和翼轨)，不仅需要有足够的硬度和强度，而且还需要足够的韧性以提高其耐磨性。目前，商用的合金钢辙叉相关指标的技术要求如下(参见运基线路(2005)230号文件中的《合金钢心轨组合辙叉技术条件(暂行)》)：Rm≥1240MPa，αKU(室温)≥70J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)≥35J/cm2，硬度为38～45HRC。选取典型的商用辙叉进行测试，其组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.25、Si 2.08、Mn 1.69、P 0.008、S 0.002、Cr 1.40、Ni 0.30、Mo 0.28、Al 0.03、Nb 0.01、O 18ppm、N 74ppm、H 0.39ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。经检测其机械性能结果为：Rm为1263MPa，Rp0.2为1020MPa，硬度为39.5HRC～42.0HRC，αKU(室温)为74J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为37J/cm2。
为此，最近十多年来，国内外都在力图研制出满足高速重载铁路运输要求的高耐磨性合金钢辙叉。例如，CN100449027C公开了一种适用于铁路道岔的耐磨钢，采用Si-Mn-Cr-Mo为主的合金元素并添加V、Ti细化晶粒，制造采用了形变热处理工艺在一定程度上提高了辙叉的质量稳定性和降低了生产成本，但其硬度和冲击韧性并不是非常优越。CN1166804C披露了铁道辙叉专用超强高韧可焊接空冷鸿康贝氏体钢及其制造方法，其采用以Mn、Si为主要合金元素，辅以Cr、Ni、Mo等元素，并以Ti、V、Nb为细化晶粒元素，制造采用了普通的冶炼方式，但由于采用的是Mn、Si为主要添加元素，在冶炼过程中不可避免地出现Mn的偏析，从而造成截面性能的不均匀和内在质量的稳定性较差，同时由于Si的较大添加，造成了在锻造和热处理过程中工件表层的大量氧化，从而浪费了材料和增加了加工费用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其为高强度、高硬度、高韧性的耐磨钢，特别适用于高速重载铁路辙叉。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
根据本发明的一个方面，一种铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，各组分及其质量百分比如下：C 0.29％～0.45％、Si 0.20％～0.59％、Mn 0.90％～1.51％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、Cr 1.52％～1.79％、Ni 1.01％～1.49％、Mo 0.29％～0.59％、Al 0.02％～0.07％、Nb 0.025％～0.10％、0.05％≤Nb+Al≤0.15％、[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤100ppm、[H]≤0.50ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
根据本发明的另一方面，上述铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢的制造方法，其包括按顺序进行的以下步骤：电弧炉冶炼→钢包炉精炼→真空炉脱气→模铸→初轧开坯→锻造成型→去氢热处理→最终热处理；其中锻造成型采用自由锻和模锻方式，最终热处理包括在奥氏体化后以0.1℃/s～0.8℃/s进行控制冷却，冷却至室温后再回火处理。
本发明的耐磨合金钢的含碳量为0.29％～0.45％，以保证本发明所述的合金钢具有优良的硬度和强度性能，同时具有非常高的韧性和良好的焊接性能。合金元素Mn、Cr、Ni、Mo的加入及其合适的配比选择，可以有效的进一步提高所述合金钢的强度、硬度和韧性性能，并能保证整个零件截面能达到组织和性能的均匀性和一致性。合金元素Al和Nb的加入及其合适的配比选择，则能有效地抑制锻造和热处理过程中奥氏体晶粒长大，细化晶粒，提高所述合金钢的强度、塑性和韧性。
与现有技术相比，本发明所述的铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢采用C、Mn、Cr、Ni、Mo、Al、Nb的加入及其合适的配比选择，有效的提高了耐磨钢的强度、硬度和韧性性能。
本发明所述的制造方法采用冶炼、锻造和热处理的***控制方法，可减少钢锭的合金元素的偏析，提高了锻件截面性能的均匀性和内在质量的稳定性。本发明的铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢机械性能指标如下：Rm≥1605MPa，Rp0.2≥1300MPa，硬度≥48HRC，αKU(室温)≥100J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)≥70J/cm2。与典型的商用辙叉相比，本发明的铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢的机械性能具有较大幅度的显著提升。
总之，本发明所述合金钢具有高强度、高硬度、高韧性的性能特性，特别适用于高速重载铁路辙叉的需求，且具有高的使用寿命、易于制造、易于组装使用等特点。
具体实施方式
本申请提供以下技术方案：
技术方案1.一种铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，各组分及其质量百分比如下：C 0.29％～0.45％、Si 0.20％～0.59％、Mn 0.90％～1.51％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、Cr 1.52％～1.79％、Ni 1.01％～1.49％、Mo 0.29％～0.59％、Al 0.02％～0.07％、Nb 0.025％～0.10％、0.05％≤Nb+Al≤0.15％、[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤100ppm、[H]≤0.50ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
技术方案2.根据技术方案1所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，C的质量百分比为0.29％～0.34％或0.35％～0.39％或0.40％～0.45％。
技术方案3.根据技术方案1或2所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，Mn的质量百分比为1.01％～1.51％。
技术方案4.根据技术方案1-3中任一项所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，Ni的质量百分比为1.01％～1.31％或1.21％～1.49％。
技术方案5.根据技术方案1-4中任一项所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，Mo的质量百分比为0.35％～0.59％或0.29％～0.49％。
技术方案6.根据技术方案1所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，各组分及其质量百分比如下：C 0.29％～0.34％、Si 0.20％～0.59％、Mn 1.01％～1.51％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、Cr 1.52％～1.79％、Ni 1.21％～1.49％、Mo 0.35％～0.59％、Al 0.02％～0.07％、Nb 0.025％～0.10％、0.05％≤Nb+Al≤0.15％、[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤100ppm、[H]≤0.50ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
技术方案7.根据技术方案1所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，各组分及其质量百分比如下：C 0.35％～0.39％、Si 0.20％～0.59％、Mn 0.90％～1.51％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、Cr 1.52％～1.79％、Ni 1.01％～1.49％、Mo 0.29％～0.59％、Al 0.02％～0.07％、Nb 0.025％～0.10％、0.05％≤Nb+Al≤0.15％、[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤100ppm、[H]≤0.50ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
技术方案8.根据技术方案1所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，各组分及其质量百分比如下：C 0.40％～0.45％、Si 0.20％～0.59％、Mn 0.90％～1.51％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、Cr 1.52％～1.79％、Ni 1.01％～1.31％、Mo 0.29％～0.49％、Al 0.02％～0.07％、Nb 0.025％～0.10％、0.05％≤Nb+Al≤0.15％、[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤100ppm、[H]≤0.50ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
技术方案9.根据技术方案1-8中任一项所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，所述的高耐磨合金钢机械性能指标如下：Rm≥1605MPa，Rp0.2≥1300MPa，硬度≥48HRC，αKU(室温) ≥100J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)≥70J/cm2。
技术方案10.技术方案1-9中任一项所述的铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢的制造方法，其特征在于，所述的制造方法包括按顺序进行的以下步骤：电弧炉冶炼→钢包炉精炼→真空炉脱气→模铸→初轧开坯→锻造成型→去氢热处理→最终热处理；其中锻造成型采用自由锻和模锻方式，最终热处理包括在奥氏体化后以0.1℃/s～0.8℃/s进行控制冷却，冷却至室温后再回火处理。
技术方案11.根据技术方案10所述的高耐磨合金钢的制造方法，其特征在于，最终热处理包括在890℃～980℃下奥氏体化后进行空冷至室温，冷却速度在0.3℃/s～0.5℃/s；然后在160℃～550℃保温回火。
技术方案12.根据技术方案10所述的高耐磨合金钢的制造方法，其特征在于，最终热处理包括在890℃～980℃下奥氏体化后进行空冷至室温，冷却速度在0.5℃/s～0.8℃/s；然后在160℃～550℃保温回火。
技术方案13.根据技术方案10-12中任一项所述的高耐磨合金钢的制造方法，其特征在于，回火温度在300℃～450℃的范围内。
本申请中所述的不可避免的杂质是指在冶炼过程中，在废钢、矿石中无法完全冶炼去除的杂质，如As、Sn、Pb、Sb、Bi等微量元素，这些元素的含量通常需要控制为As≤0.01％，Sn≤0.01％，Pb≤0.01％，Sb≤0.01％，Bi≤0.01％，如果这些元素过高则会对产品中的韧性性能产生一定的不利影响。
上述制造方法中各步骤的具体目的为：
电弧炉冶炼：通过氧化和还原精炼，去P和S、去除氧、氮和氢气，去夹杂物，控制调整化学成分，获得较为纯净的钢水。
钢包炉精炼：将电弧炉冶炼得到的纯净钢水倒入钢包炉中，进行精炼，进一步精确控制化学成分，去除S和气体。
真空炉脱气：将经钢包炉调整好的更为纯净的钢水倒入真空炉中，在真空下吹氧、脱碳、真空除气、合金成分微调，得到最终的化学成分精确控制的合格的纯净钢水(合格的是指符合本申请技术方案要求的)。
模铸：将合格的纯净钢水倒入锭型中，控制锭型的冷却速度以得到致密、较均匀且偏析度较小的钢锭，为轧制作好准备。在模铸过程中采用底部浇铸。
初轧开坯：将模铸得到的钢锭进行开坯，以保证钢锭各部分的均匀性和减少疏松程度，为锻造成型作好准备。
锻造成型：将初轧的钢坯进行初步的自由锻后，并用模锻进行最终的锻造成型。
去氢热处理：将锻造成型的锻件进行去氢处理，以大大提高锻件的冲击韧性。
最终热处理：将去氢热处理后的锻件进行组织和性能的最后的热处理。
需要说明的是，通过在电弧炉冶炼之前对原材料中的各成分含量进行测定，确定需要调节的元素，并通过在电弧炉冶炼、钢包炉精炼和真空炉脱气进行元素调节和在去氢热处理进一步去氢来将本发明的铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢的各成分调节至合适范围。
本发明中的电弧炉冶炼、钢包精炼和真空脱气的工艺参数为本领域中常用的工艺参数，本领域技术人员根据本领域的公知常识以及所希望的组分配比进行调控。
制备本发明的铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢的原材料一般为废钢。
如果制造75Kg/m辙叉，最终热处理可包括在890℃～980℃下奥氏体化后进行空冷至室温，其中奥氏体化加热保温时间根据产品的有效厚度而定，一般可按照25mm的厚度加热1小时进行保温时间的计算。冷却速度在0.3℃/s～0.5℃/s，然后在160℃～550℃，优选300℃～450℃下保温回火，其中回火温度根据性能要求而定，回火加热保温时间根据产品的有效厚度而定，一般可按照25mm的厚度加热1.5小时进行保温时间的计算。
而对于60Kg/m辙叉的制造，最终热处理可包括在890℃～980℃下奥氏体化后进行空冷至室温，其中奥氏体化加热保温时间根据产品的有效厚度而定，一般按照25mm的厚度加热1小时进行保温时间的计算。冷却速度在0.5℃/s～0.8℃/s，然后在160℃～550℃，优选300℃～450℃下保温回火，其中回火温度根据性能要求而定，回火加热保温时间根据产品的有效厚度而定，一般按照25mm的厚度加热1.5小时进行保温时间的计算。
本申请中所述的有效厚度的确定可以参考《热处理手册》，第3版，第1卷，工艺基础，机械工业出版社，2001出版，第40-45页。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。然而，本领域技术人员不难理解，本申请的实施例仅仅用于示例目的，而非对本申请请求保护的范围的限定。
以下实施例中，组分含量均以其质量百分含量计。
在本申请中，室温拉伸性能的测定采用的标准是GB/T228-2002《金属材料室温拉伸试验方法》，冲击性能的测定采用的标准是GB/T229-2007《金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法》，αKU的换算方法采用的标准是GB/T229-1984《金属夏比(U型缺口)冲击试验方法》，硬度性能的测定采用的标准是GBT 230.1-2009金属材料洛氏硬度试验第1部分：试验方法(A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、K、N、T标尺)。
实施例1
采用废钢为原料，首先测定原料钢的各组分及其含量，按照目标高耐磨空冷钢所需的组分及其质量百分比要求将原料钢与用于配料的其它原料例如各种矿石颗粒进行混合，通过电弧炉冶炼进行氧化和还原精炼，去除磷(P)和硫(S)并去除氧、氮和氢气，去夹杂物，控制调整化学成分，获得较为纯净的钢水。将电弧炉冶炼得到的纯净钢水倒入钢包炉中，进行精炼，进一步精确控制化学成分，进一步去除S和气体。将经钢包炉调整好的更为纯净的钢水倒入真空炉中，在真空下吹氧、脱碳、真空除气、合金成分微调，得到最终的化学成分精确控制的合格的纯净钢水将合格的纯净钢水倒入锭型中，得到致密的均匀的且偏析度小的钢锭。将模铸得到的钢锭进行开坯，以保证钢锭各部分的均匀性和减少疏松程度。将初轧的钢坯进行初步的自由锻后，并用模锻进行最终的锻造成型，得到75Kg/m辙叉的锻件。将锻造成型的锻件进行去氢处理，以大大提高锻件的冲击韧性。将去氢热处理后的锻件进行组织和性能的最终的热处理，最终热处理包括在890℃～980℃下奥氏体化后进行空冷至室温，冷却速度在0.3℃/s～0.5℃/s，然后在300℃～450℃保温回火，得到本发明的高耐磨合金钢，其各组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.30、Si 0.52、Mn 1.27、P 0.007、S 0.004、Cr 1.64、Ni 1.29、Mo 0.44、Al 0.07、Nb 0.04、O 18ppm、N 76ppm、H 0.36ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
经检测其机械性能结果为：Rm为1685MPa，Rp0.2为1367MPa，硬度为51.5HRC，αKU(室温)为134J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为92J/cm2。
实施例2
采用实施例1所述的方法制备铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其各组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.29、Si 0.45、Mn 1.51、P 0.006、S 0.006、Cr 1.67、Ni 1.47、Mo 0.41、Al 0.05、Nb 0.10、O 18ppm、N 79ppm、H 0.43ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。经检测其机械性能结果为：Rm为1701MPa，Rp0.2为1370MPa，硬度为52.0HRC，αKU(室温)为112J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为79J/cm2。
实施例3
采用实施例1所述的方法制备铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其各组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.38、Si 0.20、Mn 1.29、P 0.009、S 0.004、Cr 1.75、Ni 1.01、Mo 0.56、Al 0.07、Nb 0.08、O 15ppm、N 78ppm、H 0.42ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。经检测其机械性能结果为：Rm为1723MPa，Rp0.2为1384MPa，硬度为52.5HRC，αKU(室温)为137J/cm2，αKU(-40℃) 为93J/cm2。
实施例4
采用实施例1所述的方法制备铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其各组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.33、Si 0.59、Mn 1.01、、P 0.009、S 0.001、Cr 1.61、Ni 1.22、Mo 0.57、Al 0.06、Nb 0.09O 20ppm、N 75ppm、H 0.46ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。经检测其机械性能结果为：Rm为1719MPa，Rp0.2为1377MPa，硬度为52.5HRC，αKU(室温)为138J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为94.5J/cm2。
实施例5
采用实施例1所述的方法制备铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其各组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.39、Si 0.21、Mn 1.36、P 0.008、S 0.004、Cr 1.72、Ni 1.21、Mo 0.29、Al 0.07、Nb 0.07、O 14ppm、N 77ppm、H 0.41ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。经检测其机械性能结果为：Rm为1625MPa，Rp0.2为1321MPa，硬度为50.5HRC，αKU(室温)为145J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为101J/cm2。
实施例6
采用实施例1所述的方法制备铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其各组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.29、Si 0.30、Mn 1.32、P 0.009、S 0.002、Cr 1.79、Ni 1.24、Mo 0.59、Al 0.02、Nb 0.03、O 20ppm、N 98ppm、H 0.35ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。经检测其机械性能结果如为：Rm为1653MPa，Rp0.2为1331MPa，硬度为51.0HRC，αKU(室温)为129J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为88J/cm2。
实施例7
采用实施例1所述的方法制备铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其各组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.37、Si 0.39、Mn 1.17、P 0.007、S 0.003、Cr 1.54、Ni 1.26、Mo 0.36、Al 0.04、Nb 0.05、O 19ppm、N 65ppm、H 0.33ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。经检测其机械性能结果为：Rm为1631MPa，Rp0.2为1323MPa，硬度为50.5HRC，αKU(室温)为141J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为99J/cm2。
实施例8
采用实施例1所述的方法制备铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其各组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.38、Si 0.47、Mn 0.92、P 0.007、S 0.001、Cr 1.55、Ni 1.49、Mo 0.37、Al 0.06、Nb 0.06、O 16ppm、N 82ppm、H 0.41ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。经检测其机械性能结果为：Rm为1709MPa，Rp0.2为1374MPa，硬度为52.0HRC，αKU(室温)为114J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为83J/cm2。
实施例9
采用实施例1所述的方法制备铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其各组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.36、Si 0.41、Mn 1.34、P 0.008、S 0.002、Cr 1.52、Ni 1.08、Mo 0.47、Al 0.06、Nb 0.08、O 17ppm、N 98ppm、H 0.45ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。经检测其机械性能结果为：Rm为1701MPa，Rp0.2为1369MPa，硬度为52.0HRC，αKU(室温)为119J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为91J/cm2。
实施例10
采用实施例1所述的方法制备铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其各组分及其质量百分比配比：C 0.45、Si 0.24、Mn 0.90、P 0.006、S 0.001、Cr 1.58、Ni 1.05、Mo 0.45、Al 0.07、Nb 0.03、O 16ppm、N 88ppm、H 0.35ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。经检测其机械性能结果为：Rm为1629MPa，Rp0.2为1321MPa，硬度为50.5HRC，αKU(室温)为142J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为103J/cm2。
实施例11
重复实施例1的冶炼和锻造方法，以制备铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，尤其适用在规格类型为60Kg/m铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，最终热处理与75Kg/m辙叉所不同的是在890℃～980℃下奥氏体化后进行空冷至室温，其冷却速度在0.5℃/s～0.8℃/s；然后在160℃～550℃保温回火。经检测所得铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢的机械性能结果为：Rm为1701MPa，Rp0.2为1373MPa，硬度为52.0HRC，αKU(室温)为115J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)为81J/cm2。
实施例12
采用实施例1所述的方法制备一组高速重载铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其组分和质量百分比配比如下表1所示。经测试，这组实施例中高耐磨合金钢的机械性能指标均能达到以下要求：Rm≥1605MPa，Rp0.2≥1300MPa，硬度≥48HRC，αKU(室温)≥100J/cm2，αKU(-40℃) ≥70J/cm2。具体结果如表2所示。
表1铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢的组分和质量百分比配比
Figure PCTCN2015099190-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2015099190-appb-000002
表2铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢的机械性能
Figure PCTCN2015099190-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2015099190-appb-000004
虽然已经展示和讨论了本发明的一些方面，但是本领域的技术人员应该意识到，可以在不背离本发明原理和精神的条件下对上述方面进行改变，因此本发明的范围将由权利要求以及等同的内容所限定。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，各组分及其质量百分比如下：C 0.29％～0.45％、Si 0.20％～0.59％、Mn 0.90％～1.51％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、Cr 1.52％～1.79％、Ni 1.01％～1.49％、Mo 0.29％～0.59％、Al 0.02％～0.07％、Nb 0.025％～0.10％、0.05％≤Nb+Al≤0.15％、[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤100ppm、[H]≤0.50ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，C的质量百分比为0.29％～0.34％或0.35％～0.39％或0.40％～0.45％。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，Mn的质量百分比为1.01％～1.51％。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，Ni的质量百分比为1.01％～1.31％或1.21％～1.49％。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，Mo的质量百分比为0.35％～0.59％或0.29％～0.49％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，各组分及其质量百分比如下：C 0.29％～0.34％、Si 0.20％～0.59％、Mn 1.01％～1.51％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、Cr1.52％～1.79％、Ni 1.21％～1.49％、Mo 0.35％～0.59％、Al 0.02％～0.07％、Nb 0.025％～0.10％、0.05％≤Nb+Al≤0.15％、[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤100ppm、[H]≤0.50ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，各组分及其质量百分比如下：C 0.35％～0.39％、Si 0.20％～0.59％、Mn 0.90％～1.51％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、Cr1.52％～1.79％、Ni 1.01％～1.49％、Mo 0.29％～0.59％、Al 0.02％～0.07％、Nb 0.025％～0.10％、0.05％≤Nb+Al≤0.15％、[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤100ppm、[H]≤0.50ppm，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，各组分及其质量百分比如下：C 0.40％～0.45％、Si 0.20％～0.59％、Mn 0.90％～1.51％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、Cr1.52％～1.79％、Ni 1.01％～1.31％、Mo 0.29％～0.49％、Al 0.02％～0.07％、Nb 0.025％～0.10％、0.05％≤Nb+Al≤0.15％、[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤100ppm、[H]≤0.50ppm，余量为 铁和不可避免的杂质。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的高耐磨合金钢，其特征在于，所述的高耐磨合金钢机械性能指标如下：Rm≥1605MPa，Rp0.2≥1300MPa，硬度≥48HRC，αKU(室温)≥100J/cm2，αKU(-40℃)≥70J/cm2。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一所述的铁路辙叉用高耐磨合金钢的制造方法，其特征在于，所述的制造方法包括按顺序进行的以下步骤：电弧炉冶炼→钢包炉精炼→真空炉脱气→模铸→初轧开坯→锻造成型→去氢热处理→最终热处理；其中锻造成型采用自由锻和模锻方式，最终热处理包括在奥氏体化后以0.1℃/s～0.8℃/s进行控制冷却，冷却至室温后再回火处理。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的高耐磨合金钢的制造方法，其特征在于，最终热处理包括在890℃～980℃下奥氏体化后进行空冷至室温，冷却速度在0.3℃/s～0.5℃/s；然后在160℃～550℃保温回火。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的高耐磨合金钢的制造方法，其特征在于，最终热处理包括在890℃～980℃下奥氏体化后进行空冷至室温，冷却速度在0.5℃/s～0.8℃/s；然后在160℃～550℃保温回火。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的高耐磨合金钢的制造方法，其特征在于，回火温度在300℃～450℃的范围内。
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