WO2016086508A1

WO2016086508A1 - Pressure impeller mold and semi-solid shaping method

Info

Publication number: WO2016086508A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/000848
Authority: WO
Inventors: 朱强; 景艳红; 张帆; 和优峰; 李大全
Original assignee: 北京有色金属研究总院
Priority date: 2014-12-04
Filing date: 2015-12-04
Publication date: 2016-06-09

Abstract

A pressure impeller mold and semi-solid shaping method therefor, belonging to the technical fields of turbocharger impeller manufacture and semi-solid casting. The mold comprises two parts, an outer mold cavity (3) and an inner mold cavity (4), the inner mold cavity (4) being inserted within the outer mold cavity (3); the shell of the inner mold cavity (4) consists of a positioning locking ring (5) and a cover plate (6) and also accommodates a large-vane module (7), a small-vane module (8) and vane root modules (9) having an angle R; a cylindrical hub cavity is centrally arranged within the cover plate (6), the large-vane module (7), the small-vane module (8) and the R-angle vane root modules (9); the cylindrical hub cavity extends to the exterior, forming a plurality of vane cavities, each vane cavity being defined between adjacent modules. When used in conjunction with the present semi-solid casting method, the present mold provides a short casting process with little residual materials, low costs and excellent performance, and also makes possible automated opening and closure of the mold, thus also improving efficiencies and lowering production costs.

Description

半固态压叶轮模具和成形方法Semi-solid pressure impeller mold and forming method

技术领域Technical field

本发明涉及一种半固态压叶轮模具和成形方法，特别涉及一种涡轮增压器压叶轮近终成形压铸模具，及采用该模具的涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，和涉及一种近终成形压叶轮毛坯设计方法，属于涡轮增压器压叶轮制造与半固态压铸成形技术领域。The present invention relates to a semi-solid pressure impeller mold and a forming method, and more particularly to a turbocharger impeller near-final forming die-casting mold, and a semi-solid die-casting forming method of a turbocharger impeller using the mold, and The invention relates to a method for designing a near-final forming pressure impeller blank, belonging to the technical field of turbocharger pressure impeller manufacturing and semi-solid die casting forming.

背景技术Background technique

涡轮增压器具有节能减排作用，广泛应用于汽车、船舶、火车、飞机和发电机等领域。压叶轮是涡轮增压器的核心零部件，其性能直接决定了涡轮增压器节能减排的效果、使用寿命和可靠性，但其形状复杂、尺寸精度高、工作条件恶劣，因此制备难度高。目前国际上压叶轮的制备方法主要有两种：反重力精密铸造和锻造机加工。反重力精密铸造方法制备成本低，应用最为广泛。但是该方法制备的压叶轮不可避免的存在疏松、夹渣和气孔等铸造缺陷，性能较低，不能适应高端市场的需求和很好的满足压叶轮苛刻的服役环境。锻造机加工方法制备可以避免铸造缺陷，其压叶轮性能优异，但该方法的工艺流程长，制造成本高，因此受到限制。Turbochargers have energy-saving and emission reduction effects and are widely used in automobiles, ships, trains, airplanes and generators. The pressure impeller is the core component of the turbocharger. Its performance directly determines the effect, service life and reliability of the turbocharger energy saving and emission reduction, but its shape is complex, the dimensional accuracy is high, and the working conditions are harsh, so the preparation is difficult. . At present, there are two main methods for preparing international impellers: anti-gravity precision casting and forging machining. The anti-gravity precision casting method has low preparation cost and is most widely used. However, the pressure impeller prepared by the method inevitably has casting defects such as looseness, slag inclusion and pores, and has low performance, can not meet the requirements of the high-end market and satisfactorily meets the demanding service environment of the pressure impeller. The forging machine processing method can avoid casting defects and has excellent performance in the pressure impeller, but the method has a long process flow and high manufacturing cost, and thus is limited.

压铸成形工艺是一种先进的有色合金精密零部件成形技术，适应了现代制造业中产品复杂化、精密化、轻量化、节能化、绿色化的要求，具有尺寸精度高、表面质量好、生产效率高、制造成本低等优点。压铸成形工艺经过多年的发展又开发出真空压铸、半固态压铸、挤压压铸等更先进的压铸成形技术，这些技术可生产出缺陷更少、力学性能更高的压铸零件，力学性能接近或达到了锻造工艺水平，为采用压铸成形技术生产高性能涡轮增压器压叶轮提供了技术基础。The die-casting process is an advanced non-ferrous alloy precision component forming technology, which adapts to the requirements of product complexity, precision, light weight, energy saving and greening in modern manufacturing. It has high dimensional accuracy, good surface quality and production. High efficiency and low manufacturing cost. After many years of development, the die-casting process has developed more advanced die-casting technologies such as vacuum die-casting, semi-solid die-casting, and extrusion die-casting. These technologies can produce die-cast parts with fewer defects and higher mechanical properties. The mechanical properties are close to or achieved. The level of forging technology provides a technical basis for the production of high performance turbocharger impellers using die casting technology.

但是，压叶轮零件结构非常复杂，若采用传统压铸模具结构设计，压叶轮零件压铸完成后无法从模具中取出，如何通过模具结构设计来解决上述问题，就成为了压铸工艺生产压叶轮的技术瓶颈，国际专利WO 2007/010181描述了半固态压铸模具的设计和成形方法，本发明对其进行了优化设计，进一步提高了压铸成形制备压叶轮的经济效益。However, the structure of the pressure impeller part is very complicated. If the traditional die-casting mold structure design is adopted, the pressure impeller part can not be taken out from the mold after the die-casting is completed. How to solve the above problems through the mold structure design becomes the technical bottleneck of the die-casting process to produce the pressure impeller The international patent WO 2007/010181 describes a design and a forming method of a semi-solid die-casting mold, and the invention is optimized and designed to further improve the economic benefit of the die-casting preparation of the pressure impeller.

此外，由于压叶复杂的外形结构、大的壁厚差，造成模具设计困难，模具生产成本高，尤其对于金属型模具，而且压叶轮叶片为曲面，不能实现自动开模合模，导致模具拆卸困难，生产效率低下，因此本发明也提出了一种近终成形的压叶轮毛坯设计，可以实现自动开模合模，提高压叶轮生产效率和降低生产成本。 In addition, due to the complicated shape structure of the pressure leaf and the large wall thickness difference, the mold design is difficult, and the mold production cost is high, especially for the metal mold, and the pressure impeller blades are curved surfaces, and the automatic mold opening and closing cannot be realized, resulting in mold removal. Difficult, low production efficiency, the present invention also proposes a near-final forming pressure impeller blank design, which can realize automatic mold opening and closing, improve the production efficiency of the pressure impeller and reduce the production cost.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种半固态压叶轮模具和成形方法。本发明通过对半固态压叶轮模具和成形方法进行的优化设计，提高了压铸成形制备压叶轮的经济效益。解决了传统模具结构无法使压叶轮零件从模具型腔中取出，不能进行压叶轮压铸生产的难题，并能够简化成形工艺，获得优异性能的产品；此外通过设计压叶轮毛坯设计，实现了压叶轮成形用金属模具的自动合模，通过对压叶轮毛坯进行少量后续机加工，最终制备出压叶轮产品。It is an object of the present invention to provide a semi-solid pressure impeller mold and a forming method. The invention improves the economic benefit of preparing the pressure impeller by die casting by optimizing the design of the semi-solid pressure impeller mold and the forming method. The utility model solves the problem that the traditional mold structure can not take out the pressure impeller parts from the mold cavity, can not carry out the pressure impeller die-casting production, and can simplify the forming process and obtain the excellent performance product; in addition, the pressure impeller is realized by designing the pressure impeller blank design. The automatic mold clamping of the forming metal mold is carried out by a small amount of subsequent machining of the pressure impeller blank to finally prepare a pressure impeller product.

为实现上述目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

一种涡轮增压器压叶轮近终成形压铸模具，分为外模腔和内膜腔两部分，内膜腔嵌套在外模腔内，其中，所述的内膜腔由定位锁紧环和盖板组成壳体，并在壳体内容纳大叶片模块、小叶片模块以及叶片根部R角模块；所述的盖板与大叶片模块、小叶片模块以及叶片根部R角模块之间围成圆柱形的中心毂腔；中心毂腔向外延伸，形成多个叶片腔，各叶片腔被限定在相邻的模块之间。The utility model relates to a turbocharger pressure impeller near-final forming die-casting mold, which is divided into two parts: an outer cavity and an inner membrane cavity, and an inner membrane cavity is nested in the outer cavity, wherein the inner membrane cavity is positioned by a locking ring And the cover plate constitutes a casing, and the large blade module, the small blade module and the blade root R angle module are accommodated in the casing; the cover plate and the large blade module, the small blade module and the blade root R angle module form a cylinder a central hub cavity; the central hub cavity extends outwardly to form a plurality of blade cavities, each vane cavity being defined between adjacent modules.

所述的外模腔设置在动模上，其形状与内膜腔外形一致，保证内模嵌套在外模中。The outer mold cavity is disposed on the movable mold, and the shape thereof is consistent with the outer shape of the inner membrane cavity, and the inner mold is ensured to be nested in the outer mold.

所述的大叶片模块、小叶片模块以及叶片根部R角模块分别包含若干个形状相同的金属块。The large blade module, the small blade module, and the blade root R angle module respectively comprise a plurality of metal blocks of the same shape.

所述的盖板由均分的至少两块零件组成。The cover plate is composed of at least two parts that are equally divided.

一种涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，包括如下步骤：将半固态坯料或浆料压入或浇入压铸机料杯，通过压射杆将半固态坯料或浆料通过直浇道压入模具型腔，所述的模具采用本发明的压叶轮近终成形压铸模具，直接充型，制备得到压叶轮产品。A semi-solid die casting method for a turbocharger pressure impeller includes the steps of: pressing or pouring a semi-solid billet or slurry into a die cup of a die casting machine, and passing the semi-solid billet or slurry through a shot bar through a direct casting The mold is pressed into the mold cavity, and the mold adopts the pressure impeller near-finish forming die-casting mold of the invention, and directly fills the mold to prepare a pressure impeller product.

所述的半固态坯料或浆料由液态金属在外场作用下直接凝固到固相线与液相线之间的温度得到。The semi-solid billet or slurry is obtained by directly solidifying the liquid metal under the action of an external field to a temperature between the solidus line and the liquidus.

在上述方法中，除了压叶轮产品外，最终还得到尾料，所述的尾料包括直浇道和料饼；所述的直浇道直径小于等于料饼直径，直浇道与料饼之间的尺寸差形成一个台阶，以去除坯料表面的氧化皮。In the above method, in addition to the impeller product, a tailing is finally obtained, the tailings including the sprue and the cake; the diameter of the sprue is less than or equal to the diameter of the cake, the sprue and the cake The difference in size between the two forms a step to remove the scale on the surface of the blank.

所述的料饼厚度L与直浇道直径R之间的比值L/R在0.5至2.5之间。The ratio L/R between the cake thickness L and the sprue diameter R is between 0.5 and 2.5.

所述的直浇道直径R与压叶轮外径D之间的比值R/D在0.2至1之间。The ratio R/D between the sprue diameter R and the outer diameter D of the impeller is between 0.2 and 1.

采用上述半固态压铸成形方法制备涡轮增压器用压叶轮产品，所述的压叶轮由中心厚大部分与薄叶片组成，薄叶片数量为8片至30片，叶片沿外径均匀分布。The above-mentioned semi-solid die-casting method is used to prepare a turbocharger impeller product. The pressure impeller is composed of a central thick portion and a thin blade, and the number of thin blades is 8 to 30, and the blades are evenly distributed along the outer diameter.

所述的压叶轮外径为20mm至500mm。 The pressure impeller has an outer diameter of 20 mm to 500 mm.

所述的压叶轮的叶片尺寸相同。The pressure impeller has the same blade size.

所述的压叶轮包括大叶片和小叶片，两者尺寸不同，大、小叶片间隔沿外径均匀分布。The pressure impeller includes large blades and small blades, and the two are different in size, and the large and small blades are evenly distributed along the outer diameter.

采用该方法制备压叶轮产品具有流程短，尾料少，成本低，性能优异等优点，并且可以实现模具的自动开合模，从而显著提高生产效率，降低生产成本。The method for preparing the pressure impeller has the advantages of short process, less tailings, low cost and excellent performance, and can realize automatic opening and closing of the mold, thereby significantly improving production efficiency and reducing production cost.

本发明为了实现压叶轮产品的铸造成型，提供了一种压叶轮铸件，所述压叶轮铸件的具体尺寸以压叶轮产品为基准，具体形状为：In order to realize the casting molding of the pressure impeller product, the present invention provides a pressure impeller casting, the specific size of the pressure impeller casting is based on the pressure impeller product, and the specific shape is:

所述压叶轮铸件包含压叶轮的中心轴和围绕压叶轮的中心轴均匀分布的、间隔配置在该压叶轮的中心轴的表面上的若干个尺寸相同的初始一级叶片和若干个尺寸相同的初始二级叶片。初始一级叶片和初始二级叶片与中心轴一体铸造成型。初始一级叶片为能够包容压叶轮产品的一级叶片的多面体，初始一级叶片的上表面、下表面以及上边缘平面和外边缘平面均为平面。初始二级叶片为能够包容压叶轮产品的二级叶片的多面体，初始二级叶片的上表面、下表面以及上边缘平面和外边缘平面均为平面。The pressure impeller casting comprises a central axis of the pressure impeller and a plurality of first-order blades of the same size and a plurality of identical sizes uniformly distributed on the surface of the central axis of the pressure impeller uniformly distributed around the central axis of the pressure impeller Initial secondary blade. The initial primary blade and the initial secondary blade are integrally cast and formed with the central shaft. The initial primary blade is a polyhedron capable of containing the primary blade of the pressurized impeller product, and the upper surface, the lower surface, and the upper edge plane and the outer edge plane of the initial primary blade are both planar. The initial secondary blade is a polyhedron capable of containing the secondary blade of the pressurized impeller product, and the upper surface, the lower surface, and the upper edge plane and the outer edge plane of the initial secondary blade are both planar.

这样的初始一级叶片和初始二级叶片所需的后续加工量远远小于直接锻造成型的压叶轮回转体所需的后续加工量。The amount of subsequent machining required for such initial primary and secondary secondary blades is much less than the amount of subsequent machining required for the direct forging type of impeller rotor.

初始一级叶片的上表面与下表面平行或不平行，初始二级叶片的上表面与下表面平行或不平行。The upper surface of the initial primary blade is parallel or non-parallel to the lower surface, and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade is parallel or non-parallel to the lower surface.

本发明在具体实施时，所述初始一级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度，初始二级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度。初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离沿压叶轮的中心轴的径向变大或不变，初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离沿压叶轮的中心轴的径向变大或不变。从而保证模具可以顺利脱出。In a specific implementation, the angle between the upper edge plane of the initial primary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees, and the upper edge plane of the initial secondary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller The angle is greater than or equal to 90 degrees. The distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade becomes larger or constant along the radial direction of the central axis of the compression impeller, and the lower surface of the initial primary blade and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade The distance between them becomes larger or constant along the radial direction of the central axis of the impeller. Thereby ensuring that the mold can be smoothly taken out.

初始一级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度；初始二级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度。The angle between the upper edge plane of the initial primary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees; the angle between the upper edge plane of the initial secondary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or Equal to 90 degrees, less than 120 degrees.

本发明在具体实施时，所述初始一级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度；初始二级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度。压叶轮进口处初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离等于或大于压叶轮出口处初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离，压叶轮进口处初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离等于或大于压叶轮出口处初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离。从而保证模具可以顺利脱出。In a specific implementation, the angle between the outer edge plane of the initial primary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees; between the outer edge plane of the initial secondary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller The angle is greater than or equal to 90 degrees. The distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade at the inlet of the impeller is equal to or greater than the distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade at the outlet of the pressure impeller and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade, The lower surface of the initial primary blade at the inlet of the impeller and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade The distance between them is equal to or greater than the distance between the lower surface of the initial primary blade at the outlet of the pressure impeller and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade. Thereby ensuring that the mold can be smoothly taken out.

初始一级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度；初始二级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度。The angle between the outer edge plane of the initial primary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees; the angle between the outer edge plane of the initial secondary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or Equal to 90 degrees, less than 120 degrees.

本发明为了实现压叶轮产品的铸造成型，提供一种压叶轮的铸造方法，首先制造压叶轮铸造模具，然后利用压叶轮铸造模具进行造型得到铸型，对铸型进行浇注，浇注金属凝固后对压叶轮铸件进行脱模清理得到压叶轮铸件，再进过机械加工得到压叶轮。In order to realize the casting molding of the pressure impeller product, the invention provides a casting method of the pressure impeller, firstly manufacturing a pressure impeller casting mold, and then using the pressure impeller casting mold to shape the mold, pouring the casting mold, and casting the metal after solidification The impeller casting is subjected to mold release cleaning to obtain a pressure impeller casting, and then mechanically processed to obtain a pressure impeller.

所述压叶轮铸造模具的具体形状以压叶轮产品的尺寸为基准，具体形状为：The specific shape of the pressure impeller casting mold is based on the size of the pressure impeller product, and the specific shape is:

压叶轮铸造模具包含压叶轮的中心轴和围绕压叶轮的中心轴平均分布的、间隔配置在该压叶轮的中心轴的表面上的若干个尺寸相同的初始一级叶片和若干个尺寸相同的初始二级叶片。初始一级叶片和初始二级叶片与中心轴一体铸造成型。压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片能够包容压叶轮产品的一级叶片，压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片的上表面、下表面以及不与压叶轮的中心轴接触的边缘面均为平面。压叶轮铸造模具的初始二级叶片能够包容压叶轮产品的二级叶片，压叶轮铸造模具的初始二级叶片的上表面、下表面以及不与压叶轮的中心轴接触的边缘面均为平面。The impeller casting mold comprises a central axis of the pressure impeller and a plurality of first-level blades of the same size and a plurality of initial sizes equally spaced on the surface of the central axis of the impeller, which are evenly distributed around the central axis of the impeller Secondary blade. The initial primary blade and the initial secondary blade are integrally cast and formed with the central shaft. The initial primary blade of the impeller casting mold can accommodate the primary blade of the pressure impeller product, and the upper surface, the lower surface of the initial primary blade of the pressure impeller casting mold, and the edge surface not in contact with the central axis of the pressure impeller are planar. The initial secondary blades of the impeller casting mold can accommodate the secondary blades of the impeller product, and the upper surface, the lower surface of the initial secondary blades of the impeller casting mold, and the edge surfaces not in contact with the central axis of the impeller are planar.

第一种方案：The first option:

初始一级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度；初始二级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度。The angle between the upper edge plane of the initial primary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees; the angle between the upper edge plane of the initial secondary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees.

初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离沿压叶轮的中心轴的径向变大或不变，初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离沿压叶轮的中心轴的径向变大或不变。从而保证模具可以顺利脱出。The distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade becomes larger or constant along the radial direction of the central axis of the compression impeller, and the lower surface of the initial primary blade and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade The distance between them becomes larger or constant along the radial direction of the central axis of the impeller. Thereby ensuring that the mold can be smoothly taken out.

第二种方案：The second option:

初始一级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度；初始二级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度。The angle between the outer edge plane of the initial primary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees; the angle between the outer edge plane of the initial secondary blade and the central axis of the compression impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees.

压叶轮进口处初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离等于或大于压叶轮出口处初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离，压叶轮进口处初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离等于或大于压叶轮出口处初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离。从而保证模具可以顺利脱出。The distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade at the inlet of the impeller is equal to or greater than the distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade at the outlet of the pressure impeller and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade, The distance between the lower surface of the initial primary blade and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade at the inlet of the impeller is equal to Or greater than the distance between the lower surface of the initial primary blade at the exit of the impeller and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade. Thereby ensuring that the mold can be smoothly taken out.

初始一级叶片与初始二级叶片之间有距离，互不接触。The initial primary blade has a distance from the initial secondary blade and does not contact each other.

采用本发明设计可以实现压叶轮毛坯模具的自动开合模。通过对毛坯叶片的少量后续机加工可以制备得到最终的压叶轮产品，有广泛的市场应用前景。The automatic opening and closing mold of the pressure impeller blank mold can be realized by adopting the design of the invention. The final impeller product can be prepared by a small amount of subsequent machining of the blank blade, which has broad market application prospects.

下面通过附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明，但并不意味着对本发明保护范围的限制。The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific embodiments, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

附图说明DRAWINGS

图1(a)和图1(b)分别为压叶轮零件外形视图及剖面视图。Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 1(b) are respectively an outline view and a cross-sectional view of a pressure impeller part.

图2为模具各结构相对位置关系示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the relative position of each structure of the mold.

图3为内膜腔装配完毕后的示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic view of the endoluminal cavity after assembly.

图4为内膜腔各组成部分分解视图。Figure 4 is an exploded view of the components of the endocardial cavity.

图5为压铸完成后内膜腔与压叶轮零件毛坯示意图。Figure 5 is a schematic view of the blank of the inner membrane cavity and the pressure impeller after the die casting is completed.

图6为内膜腔拆模步骤1示意图。Figure 6 is a schematic view of the step 1 of the intimal cavity demolding.

图7为内膜腔拆模步骤2示意图。Figure 7 is a schematic view of the step 2 of the intimal cavity demolding.

图8为压叶轮零件毛坯结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a blank of a pressure impeller part.

图9压叶轮充型示意图。Figure 9 is a schematic view of the filling of the impeller.

图10压叶轮铸造模具的局部初始叶片示意图。Figure 10 is a schematic view of a partial initial blade of a pressure impeller casting mold.

主要附图标记说明：The main reference signs indicate:

1 动模 2 定模1 moving mode 2 fixed mode

3 外模腔 4 内膜腔3 outer cavity 4 inner membrane cavity

5 定位锁紧环 6 盖板5 Positioning locking ring 6 Cover

7 大叶片模块 8 小叶片模块7 large blade module 8 small blade module

9 叶片根部R角模块 10 压叶轮零件毛坯9 blade root R angle module 10 pressure impeller part blank

11 叶片型腔总成 12 压叶轮零件本体11 Blade cavity assembly 12 Pressure impeller part body

13 浇注*** 14 压叶轮13 Gating system 14 Pressure impeller

15 直浇道 16 料饼15 sprue 16 cake

17 台阶 21 初始二级叶片17 steps 21 initial secondary blades

22 初始一级叶片 23 压叶轮进口处22 initial first stage blade 23 pressure impeller inlet

24 压叶轮出口处 25 初始一级叶片的外边缘平面 24 Pressure impeller exit 25 Outer edge plane of the initial primary blade

26 初始一级叶片的上边缘平面 27 初始二级叶片的上边缘平面26 Upper edge plane of the initial primary blade 27 Upper edge plane of the initial secondary blade

28 初始二级叶片的外边缘平面 29 中心轴28 Outer edge plane of the initial secondary blade 29 Central axis

具体实施方式detailed description

本发明提供了一种涡轮增压器压叶轮近终成形压铸模具，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention provides a near-final forming die casting mold for a turbocharger impeller, and the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

实施例1Example 1

该模具结构采用模具型腔嵌套方式，分为外模腔3和内膜腔4两部分。外模腔3结构设置在动模1上，其模腔形状与内膜腔4外形一致。内膜腔4嵌套在外模腔3里，其位置关系如图2所示。The mold structure adopts a mold cavity nesting manner, and is divided into two parts: an outer cavity 3 and an inner cavity 4. The outer cavity 3 is disposed on the movable die 1 and has a cavity shape conforming to the shape of the inner membrane cavity 4. The endocardial cavity 4 is nested in the outer cavity 3, and its positional relationship is as shown in FIG.

内膜腔4放置在外模腔3里，并可从外模腔3里取出，其装配图形状如图3所示。内膜腔4由定位锁紧环5、盖板6、大叶片模块7、小叶片模块8和叶片根部R角模块9组成，如图4所示。大叶片模块7、小叶片模块8和叶片根部R角模块9共同组成压叶轮零件型腔形状，它们分别由若干个独立的金属块组成，装配在一起后，由定位锁紧环5和盖板6固定装卡成一个整体。盖板6与大叶片模块7、小叶片模块8以及叶片根部R角模块9之间围成圆柱形的中心毂腔；中心毂腔向外延伸，形成多个叶片腔，各叶片腔被限定在相邻的模块之间。The inner membrane cavity 4 is placed in the outer cavity 3 and can be taken out from the outer cavity 3, and its assembly shape is as shown in FIG. The inner membrane chamber 4 is composed of a positioning locking ring 5, a cover plate 6, a large blade module 7, a small blade module 8, and a blade root R angle module 9, as shown in FIG. The large blade module 7, the small blade module 8 and the blade root R angle module 9 together form a cavity shape of the pressure impeller part, which are respectively composed of a plurality of independent metal blocks, and after being assembled, the positioning locking ring 5 and the cover plate are assembled. 6 fixed installation into a whole. a cover plate 6 and a large blade module 7, a small blade module 8 and a blade root R angle module 9 enclose a cylindrical central hub cavity; the central hub cavity extends outwardly to form a plurality of blade cavities, each blade cavity being limited to Between adjacent modules.

本实施例中还给出了利用所述的模具结构，采用压铸工艺生产319铝合金涡轮增压器压叶轮的例子，压铸设备为340t布勒卧式冷室压铸机，具体操作步骤如下：In the embodiment, an example of using the die structure to produce a 319 aluminum alloy turbocharger pressure impeller by using a die casting process is also given. The die casting equipment is a 340t Buhler horizontal cold chamber die casting machine, and the specific operation steps are as follows:

1)合模：1) Clamping:

首先采用机械手将组装好的内膜腔4放入外模腔3内，操作压铸机进行合模，使动模1和定模2锁紧。First, the assembled inner membrane cavity 4 is placed into the outer cavity 3 by a robot, and the die casting machine is operated to perform clamping, so that the movable die 1 and the fixed die 2 are locked.

2)浇料压铸：2) Casting die casting:

将熔炼好的319合金熔体倒入压铸机料杯，操作压铸机进行压射工序，合金熔体在压铸机冲头的推动作用下高速充填模具型腔，冲头速度为0.4m/s。如图5所示，为压铸完成后内膜腔与压叶轮零件毛坯示意图。The melted 319 alloy melt is poured into the material cup of the die-casting machine, and the die-casting machine is operated to carry out the injection process. The alloy melt is filled with the mold cavity under the action of the punch of the die-casting machine, and the punch speed is 0.4 m/s. As shown in Fig. 5, it is a schematic diagram of the inner film cavity and the pressure impeller part blank after the die casting is completed.

3)开模取件：3) Open mold pickup:

319铝合金熔体保压凝固30s后，操作压铸机开模，压叶轮零件毛坯10和内膜腔4随动模一起向后运动。然后采用机械手将压叶轮零件毛坯10和内膜腔4一起从内膜腔3中取出，放置在工作台上。After the 319 aluminum alloy melt is solidified and solidified for 30 seconds, the die casting machine is operated to open the mold, and the impeller part blank 10 and the inner membrane chamber 4 are moved backward together with the moving mold. The pressing impeller part blank 10 and the endoluminal cavity 4 are then removed from the endoluminal cavity 3 by a robot and placed on a table.

4)内膜腔拆解并取出压叶轮零件毛坯：4) Disassemble the inner membrane cavity and take out the blank of the impeller part:

步骤1：打开内膜腔4的盖板6和定位锁紧环5，将压叶轮零件毛坯10和叶片型腔总成11取出，如图6所示；然后进行步骤2：从叶片型腔总成11上依次拆解叶片根部R角模块9、小叶片模块8和大叶片模块7，压叶轮零件毛坯10即可完成脱模工作，如图7所示。Step 1: Open the cover plate 6 of the inner membrane chamber 4 and position the locking ring 5, and take out the impeller part blank 10 and the blade cavity assembly 11 as shown in Fig. 6; then proceed to step 2: from the blade cavity total Dismantled into 11 The blade root R angle module 9, the small blade module 8 and the large blade module 7 can press the impeller part blank 10 to complete the demolding work, as shown in FIG.

5)内膜腔组装：5) Endometrial cavity assembly:

将定位锁紧环5、盖板6、大叶片模块7、小叶片模块8和叶片根部R角模块9重新组装为内膜型腔4，然后重复步骤1)～5)，开始下一个压铸工艺循环。Relocating the positioning locking ring 5, the cover plate 6, the large blade module 7, the small blade module 8 and the blade root R angle module 9 into the inner film cavity 4, and then repeating steps 1) to 5) to start the next die casting process cycle.

压铸成形的压叶轮零件毛坯如图8所示，由压叶轮零件本体12和浇注***13组成，采用机加工方式去除浇注***13并加工工艺孔即可获得压叶轮零件成品。The die-casting impeller part blank is composed of the impeller part body 12 and the pouring system 13 as shown in Fig. 8. The casting system 13 is removed by machining and the process hole is machined to obtain the finished impeller part.

实施例2Example 2

图1为半固态压铸成形压叶轮零件的外形和剖示图，压叶轮由中心厚大部分与薄叶片组成，薄叶片数量为8片至30片，叶片沿外径均匀分布；压叶轮外直径尺寸可以为20mm至500mm，如图9中D所示；压叶轮叶片由大叶片与小叶片间隔排列组成，大叶片与小叶片尺寸既可以相同，又可以不同。Figure 1 is a sectional view and a cross-sectional view of a semi-solid die-casting impeller part. The pressure impeller consists of a central thickness and a thin blade. The number of thin blades is 8 to 30, and the blades are evenly distributed along the outer diameter; The size may be 20mm to 500mm, as shown in D in Fig. 9; the impeller blades are composed of large blades and small blades spaced apart, and the large blades and small blades may be the same size or different.

如图9所示，本发明涡轮增压器用压叶轮半固态压铸成形方法中，所用的半固态浆料或坯料由液态金属在外场作用下直接凝固到液相线与固相线之间的温度得到。将制备好的半固态坯料或浆料压入或浇入压铸机料杯，半固态坯料或浆料通过直浇道直接充型压叶轮14产品；直浇道15尺寸要稍小于或等于料饼16尺寸，直浇道15与料饼16之间通过尺寸差形成一个台阶17去除坯料表面氧化皮；为了实现顺序凝固，保证补压，料饼16厚度L与直浇道15直径R之间的比值L/R在0.5至2.5之间；为了保证压叶轮14完整充型，直浇道15直径与压叶轮14的外径有一定的比例关系，直浇道15直径R与压叶轮14外径D之间的比值R/D在0.2到1之间。As shown in FIG. 9, in the semi-solid die casting method for a turbocharger for a turbocharger, the semi-solid slurry or billet used is directly solidified by a liquid metal under an external field to a temperature between a liquidus and a solidus line. get. The prepared semi-solid billet or slurry is pressed or poured into the die-casting machine cup, and the semi-solid billet or slurry is directly filled into the impeller 14 product through the sprue; the size of the sprue 15 is slightly smaller than or equal to the cake 16 size, the sprue 15 and the cake 16 are separated by a size difference to form a step 17 to remove the surface oxide scale; in order to achieve sequential solidification, to ensure the pressure, the thickness L of the cake 16 and the diameter R of the sprue 15 The ratio L/R is between 0.5 and 2.5; in order to ensure complete filling of the pressure impeller 14, the diameter of the sprue 15 has a certain proportional relationship with the outer diameter of the impeller 14, the diameter R of the sprue 15 and the outer diameter of the impeller 14 The ratio R/D between D is between 0.2 and 1.

实施例2-1Example 2-1

采用本发明制备外径20mm压叶轮产品，产品叶片数量8个，叶片尺寸完全一致，沿外径均匀分布。应用A356合金(液相线615℃，固相线555℃)制备半固态坯料。当合金熔体温度稳定达到660℃，将熔体转移至特定圆柱形容器中，熔体在容器中自然冷却，同时对容器施加搅动，当熔体温度降至570-580℃半固态温度区间，将半固态坯料压入压铸机料杯中。模具设计中直浇道直径为20mm，料饼直径为30mm，料饼厚度为50mm。压射杆将料杯中半固态坯料通过直浇道压入型腔，直接充型，制备得到压叶轮样品。The invention adopts the invention to prepare a pressure impeller product with an outer diameter of 20 mm, and the number of blades of the product is eight, the blade size is completely uniform, and the outer diameter is evenly distributed. A semi-solid billet was prepared using an A356 alloy (liquidus line 615 ° C, solidus line 555 ° C). When the alloy melt temperature is stable to 660 ° C, the melt is transferred to a specific cylindrical container, the melt is naturally cooled in the container, while the container is agitated, when the melt temperature drops to a semi-solid temperature range of 570-580 ° C, The semi-solid billet is pressed into the cup of the die casting machine. In the mold design, the diameter of the sprue is 20mm, the diameter of the cake is 30mm, and the thickness of the cake is 50mm. The injection rod presses the semi-solid billet in the cup into the cavity through the sprue, directly fills the mold, and prepares the pressure impeller sample.

实施例2-2Example 2-2

采用本发明制备外径500mm压叶轮产品，产品叶片数量30个，大小叶片间隔沿外径均匀分布。应用A356合金(液相线615℃，固相线555℃)制备半固态浆料。当合金熔体温度稳定达到680℃，将熔体转移至特定圆柱形容器中，熔体在容器中自然冷却，同时对容器施加搅动，当熔体温度降至590-600℃半固态温度区间，将半固态浆料倒入压铸机料杯中。模具设计中直浇道直径为100mm，料饼直径为120mm，料饼厚度为50mm。压射杆将料杯中半固态坯料通过直浇道压入型腔，直接充型，制备得到压叶轮样品。The invention adopts the invention to prepare a pressure impeller product with an outer diameter of 500 mm, and the number of blades of the product is 30, and the spacing of the large and small blades is evenly distributed along the outer diameter. A semi-solid slurry was prepared using an A356 alloy (liquidus line 615 ° C, solid phase line 555 ° C). When the alloy melt temperature is stable to 680 ° C, the melt is transferred to a specific cylindrical container, the melt is naturally cooled in the container, while the container is agitated, when the melt temperature drops to a semi-solid temperature range of 590-600 ° C, Pour the semi-solid slurry into the cup of the die casting machine. In the mold design, the diameter of the sprue is 100mm, the diameter of the cake is 120mm, and the thickness of the cake is 50mm. The injection rod presses the semi-solid billet in the cup into the cavity through the sprue, directly fills the mold, and prepares the pressure impeller sample.

实施例2-3Example 2-3

采用本发明制备外径150mm压叶轮产品，产品叶片数量16个，大小叶片间隔沿外径均匀分布。应用A356合金(液相线615℃，固相线555℃)制备半固态浆料。当合金熔体温度稳定达到680℃，将熔体转移至特定圆柱形容器中，熔体在容器中自然冷却，同时对容器施加搅动，当熔体温度降至590-600℃半固态温度区间，将半固态浆料倒入压铸机料杯中。模具设计中直浇道直径为75mm，料饼直径为100mm，料饼厚度为100mm。压射杆将料杯中半固态坯料通过直浇道压入型腔，直接充型，制备得到压叶轮样品。The invention adopts the invention to prepare a pressure impeller product with an outer diameter of 150 mm, and the number of blades of the product is 16 , and the spacing of the large and small blades is evenly distributed along the outer diameter. A semi-solid slurry was prepared using an A356 alloy (liquidus line 615 ° C, solid phase line 555 ° C). When the alloy melt temperature is stable to 680 ° C, the melt is transferred to a specific cylindrical container, the melt is naturally cooled in the container, while the container is agitated, when the melt temperature drops to a semi-solid temperature range of 590-600 ° C, Pour the semi-solid slurry into the cup of the die casting machine. In the mold design, the diameter of the sprue is 75mm, the diameter of the cake is 100mm, and the thickness of the cake is 100mm. The injection rod presses the semi-solid billet in the cup into the cavity through the sprue, directly fills the mold, and prepares the pressure impeller sample.

应用上述实施例制备得到的压叶轮产品抗拉强度大于390MPa，屈服强度大于300MPa，延伸率大于5％，晶粒尺寸小于120微米，压叶轮内部无铸造缺陷，疲劳寿命与锻造机加工压叶轮产品相当，远远高于铸造压叶轮产品，而制备成本与铸造压叶轮产品相当，远低于锻造机加工压叶轮产品，性价比优势明显。The pressure impeller product prepared by the above embodiment has a tensile strength greater than 390 MPa, a yield strength greater than 300 MPa, an elongation greater than 5%, a grain size of less than 120 micrometers, no casting defects inside the impeller, and a fatigue life and forging machine impeller product. Quite, it is much higher than casting impeller products, and the preparation cost is equivalent to that of casting impeller products, which is much lower than that of forging machine processing impeller products, and the cost performance advantage is obvious.

本发明中，压叶轮半固态压铸成形用坯料或浆料由液态金属熔体在外场作用下直接凝固到液相线与固相线之间的温度得到，半固态坯料或浆料通过直浇道设计直接充型压叶轮产品。应用该明方法制备的压叶轮产品外直径范围在20-500mm之间，叶片数量在8-30片之间，叶片尺寸可以完全相同，也可以大小不同均匀间隔排列。采用该方法制备的压叶轮产品具有流程短，尾料少，成本低，性能优异等优点，具有广泛的市场应用前景。In the present invention, the billet or slurry for the semi-solid die casting of the impeller is obtained by directly solidifying the liquid metal melt under the action of the external field to the temperature between the liquidus and the solidus line, and the semi-solid billet or slurry passes through the sprue. Design direct filling impeller products. The outer diameter of the impeller manufactured by the method is in the range of 20-500 mm, the number of blades is between 8-30 pieces, the blade sizes can be identical, or the sizes can be evenly spaced. The pressure impeller product prepared by the method has the advantages of short process, less tailings, low cost and excellent performance, and has wide market application prospects.

实施例3Example 3

如图1所示，为压叶轮铸件示意图。根据图1的压叶轮设计图纸，适当增加叶片厚度，使得压叶轮大小叶片上下两个大曲面均平直化，如图10所示。其它大小叶片做同样平直化处理，且沿压叶轮轴向轴对称分布，形成压叶轮近终形毛坯。As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of the impeller casting. According to the design drawing of the impeller of Fig. 1, the thickness of the blade is appropriately increased, so that the upper and lower surfaces of the blade of the pressure impeller are straightened, as shown in Fig. 10. The blades of other sizes are also straightened and distributed axially symmetrically along the axial direction of the impeller to form a near-final blank of the impeller.

首先制造压叶轮铸造模具，然后进行浇注，浇注金属凝固后对压叶轮铸件进行脱模清理得到压叶轮铸件，再进过机械加工得到压叶轮。Firstly, a pressure impeller casting mold is manufactured, and then casting is performed. After the casting metal is solidified, the pressure impeller casting is demolded and cleaned to obtain a pressure impeller casting, and then mechanically processed to obtain a pressure impeller.

所述压叶轮铸造模具的尺寸以压叶轮产品为基准，如图10所示，具体形状为：压叶轮铸造模具包含压叶轮的中心轴29和围绕压叶轮的中心轴29平均分布的、间隔配置在该压叶轮的中心轴的表面上的若干个尺寸相同的初始一级叶片22和若干个尺寸相同的初始二级叶片21，初始一级叶片22和初始二级叶片21与中心轴29一体铸造成型。The size of the pressure impeller casting mold is based on the pressure impeller product, as shown in FIG. 10, and the specific shape is: the pressure impeller casting mold includes a central axis 29 of the pressure impeller and an even distribution around the central axis 29 of the pressure impeller. Several first-level blades 22 of the same size and several on the surface of the central axis of the impeller The initial secondary blades 21 of the same size, the primary primary blades 22 and the initial secondary blades 21 are integrally cast and formed with the central shaft 29.

压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片22能够包容压叶轮产品的一级叶片，压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片22的上表面、下表面以及不与压叶轮的中心轴接触的边缘面均为平面。压叶轮铸造模具的初始二级叶片21能够包容压叶轮产品的二级叶片，压叶轮铸造模具的初始二级叶片21的上表面、下表面以及不与压叶轮的中心轴接触的边缘面均为平面。The initial primary blade 22 of the pressure impeller casting mold can accommodate the primary blade of the pressure impeller product, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the initial primary blade 22 of the pressure impeller casting die and the edge surface not in contact with the central axis of the pressure impeller are both flat. The initial secondary blade 21 of the pressure impeller casting mold can accommodate the secondary blade of the pressure impeller product, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade 21 of the pressure impeller casting mold and the edge surface not contacting the central axis of the pressure impeller are both flat.

初始一级叶片的上边缘平面26与压叶轮的中心轴29之间的夹角等于90度；初始二级叶片的上边缘平面27与压叶轮的中心轴29之间的夹角等于90度。The angle between the upper edge plane 26 of the initial primary blade and the central axis 29 of the compression impeller is equal to 90 degrees; the angle between the upper edge plane 27 of the initial secondary blade and the central axis 29 of the compression impeller is equal to 90 degrees.

压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片22和初始二级叶片21的上下表面均互相平行，初始一级叶片与初始二级叶片之间距离为5mm。模具可以沿相同方向同步脱出，实现自动开合模。The upper and lower surfaces of the initial primary blade 22 and the initial secondary blade 21 of the impeller casting mold are parallel to each other, and the distance between the initial primary blade and the initial secondary blade is 5 mm. The mold can be simultaneously released in the same direction to realize automatic opening and closing.

实施例4Example 4

初始一级叶片的外边缘平面25与压叶轮的中心轴29之间的夹角等于95度；初始二级叶片的外边缘平面28与压叶轮的中心轴29之间的夹角等于95度。The angle between the outer edge plane 25 of the initial primary blade and the central axis 29 of the compression impeller is equal to 95 degrees; the angle between the outer edge plane 28 of the initial secondary blade and the central axis 29 of the compression impeller is equal to 95 degrees.

实施例5Example 5

初始一级叶片的上边缘平面26与压叶轮的中心轴29之间的夹角等于100度；初始二级叶片的上边缘平面27与压叶轮的中心轴29之间的夹角等于100度。The angle between the upper edge plane 26 of the initial primary blade and the central axis 29 of the compression impeller is equal to 100 degrees; the angle between the upper edge plane 27 of the initial secondary blade and the central axis 29 of the compression impeller is equal to 100 degrees.

初始一级叶片和初始二级叶片之间的距离从压叶轮进口处到压叶轮出口处不变。压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片22下表面与相邻的初始二级叶片21上表面沿压叶轮的中心轴29的径向距离变大，两平面之间的夹角为7度。The distance between the initial primary blade and the initial secondary blade is constant from the inlet of the impeller to the outlet of the impeller. The radial distance between the lower surface of the initial primary blade 22 of the impeller casting mold and the upper surface of the adjacent primary secondary blade 21 along the central axis 29 of the pressure impeller becomes larger, and the angle between the two planes is 7 degrees.

压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片上表面与相邻的初始二级叶片上表面沿压叶轮的中心轴29的径向距离变大，两平面之间的夹角为9度。The radial distance between the upper primary blade upper surface of the impeller casting mold and the adjacent primary secondary blade upper surface along the central axis 29 of the pressure impeller becomes larger, and the angle between the two planes is 9 degrees.

初始一级叶片的中心与初始二级叶片的中心之间的直线距离为12mm。The linear distance between the center of the initial primary blade and the center of the initial secondary blade is 12 mm.

该压叶轮铸造模具进行造型得到铸型，浇注凝固后可以沿压叶轮的中心轴的径向同步脱出，实现自动开合模，得到压叶轮铸件。The pressure impeller casting mold is shaped to obtain a mold shape, and after casting, the mold can be synchronously released along the radial direction of the central axis of the pressure impeller to realize automatic opening and closing of the mold to obtain a pressure impeller casting.

实施例6Example 6

初始一级叶片的外边缘平面25与压叶轮的中心轴29之间的夹角等于115度；初始二级叶片的外边缘平面28与压叶轮的中心轴29之间的夹角等于115度。 The angle between the outer edge plane 25 of the initial primary blade and the central axis 29 of the compression impeller is equal to 115 degrees; the angle between the outer edge plane 28 of the initial secondary blade and the central axis 29 of the compression impeller is equal to 115 degrees.

压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片22下平面与相邻的初始二级叶片21上平面沿压叶轮轮的中心轴29的径向距离不变。压叶轮进口处初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离大于压叶轮出口处初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离，两平面之间的夹角为3度。The radial distance between the lower plane of the initial primary blade 22 of the impeller casting mold and the upper plane of the adjacent primary secondary blade 21 along the central axis 29 of the impeller wheel is constant. The distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade at the inlet of the impeller is greater than the distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade at the outlet of the impeller and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade, the two planes The angle between them is 3 degrees.

压叶轮进口处初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离大于压叶轮出口处初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离，两平面之间夹角为5度。The distance between the lower surface of the initial primary blade and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade at the inlet of the impeller is greater than the distance between the lower surface of the initial primary blade at the outlet of the impeller and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade, the two planes The angle between them is 5 degrees.

初始一级叶片的中心与初始二级叶片的中心之间的直线距离为20mm。The linear distance between the center of the initial primary blade and the center of the initial secondary blade is 20 mm.

该压叶轮铸造模具进行造型得到铸型，浇注凝固后可以沿压叶轮出口至进口方向同步脱出，实现自动开合模，得到压叶轮铸件。The pressure impeller casting mold is shaped to obtain a mold shape, and after casting, the mold can be synchronously pulled out along the outlet of the pressure impeller to the inlet direction, thereby realizing automatic opening and closing of the mold and obtaining a pressure impeller casting.

工业应用性Industrial applicability

1)模具结构采用模具型腔嵌套方式，分为外模腔和内膜腔两部分。内膜腔组成压叶轮成形的型腔结构。压铸成形后，内膜腔随压叶轮零件毛坯一起从外模腔中取出，然后在工作台上将内膜腔各个金属块分解，压叶轮零件即可脱模取出，实现了采用压铸工艺生产涡轮增压器压叶轮。1) The mold structure adopts the mold cavity nesting method, which is divided into two parts: outer cavity and inner membrane cavity. The inner membrane cavity constitutes a cavity structure formed by a pressure impeller. After die-casting, the inner membrane cavity is taken out from the outer cavity together with the blank of the impeller part, and then the metal blocks of the inner membrane cavity are decomposed on the workbench, and the impeller parts can be demolded and taken out, thereby realizing the production of the turbine by the die-casting process. The supercharger presses the impeller.

2)采用本模具结构并结合压铸工艺可实现涡轮增压器压叶轮的近终成形，压叶轮叶片无需机加工，生产工序少，材料利用率高，生产效率高。2) The near-final forming of the turbocharger impeller can be realized by adopting the die structure and the die-casting process. The impeller blade does not need machining, the production process is small, the material utilization rate is high, and the production efficiency is high.

3)压铸工艺生产的压叶轮尺寸精度高、表面质量好、生产效率高，制造成本远低于现有锻造机加工压叶轮，力学性能接近或达到锻造工艺水平。3) The pressure impeller produced by the die-casting process has high dimensional accuracy, good surface quality, high production efficiency, and the manufacturing cost is much lower than that of the existing forging machine. The mechanical properties are close to or reach the forging process level.

4)压叶轮叶片根部R角采用专门的成形模块进行成形，可防止该部分出现压铸飞边、毛刺等缺陷，从而使压叶轮外形尺寸及过度圆角的形貌和精度进一步提高，有利于压叶轮压气性能的提升。4) The R angle of the root of the impeller blade is formed by a special forming module, which can prevent defects such as die-casting burrs and burrs in the part, so that the shape and accuracy of the pressure impeller and the excessive rounded shape are further improved, which is beneficial to the pressure. Increased impeller pressure performance.

5)采用液态金属直接凝固过程中制备半固态浆料，减少工艺流程，降低制备成本。5) Preparation of semi-solid slurry by direct solidification of liquid metal, reducing process flow and reducing preparation cost.

6)采用直浇到设计，减少尾料，提高材料的利用率，降低成本。6) Adopt direct casting to design to reduce tailings, improve material utilization and reduce costs.

7)通过浇到设计，实现充型过程与凝固过程控制，提高产品质量，满足高性能使用要求。7) Through pouring into the design, the filling process and solidification process control are realized, the product quality is improved, and the high-performance use requirements are met.

8)压叶轮近终成形毛坯叶品上下大面为平面，且夹角大于0°，可以实现模具的自动脱模，显著提高模具拆装速度，提高生产效率，降低生产成本。8) The upper and lower faces of the impeller near the final impeller are flat, and the angle is greater than 0°, which can realize the automatic demoulding of the mold, significantly improve the disassembly and assembly speed, improve production efficiency and reduce production cost.

9)压叶轮近终成形毛坯通过少量机加工即可制备得到最终压叶轮产品，在保证压叶轮优异性能的前提下大幅度降低后续机加工量，减少机加工时间，降低机加工成本。 9) The final impeller of the impeller can be prepared by a small amount of machining, and the final impeller can be prepared. Under the premise of ensuring the excellent performance of the impeller, the subsequent machining amount can be greatly reduced, the machining time can be reduced, and the machining cost can be reduced.

10)本发明的压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片和初始二级叶片的上表面和下表面均为平面，且初始一级叶片和初始二级叶片之间的距离从压叶轮进口处到压叶轮出口处不变或逐渐变大，初始一级叶片和初始二级叶片之间的距离沿压叶轮的中心轴的径向不变或逐渐变大，因此可以实现模具的自动脱模，显著提高模具拆装速度，提高生产效率，降低生产成本；10) The upper and lower surfaces of the initial primary blade and the initial secondary blade of the pressure impeller casting mold of the present invention are both planar, and the distance between the initial primary blade and the initial secondary blade is from the inlet of the pressure impeller to the pressure The impeller exit is constant or gradually enlarged, and the distance between the initial primary blade and the initial secondary blade is constant or gradually increases along the radial axis of the impeller, so that the automatic demoulding of the mold can be achieved, and the mold is significantly improved. Mold disassembly and assembly speed, improve production efficiency and reduce production cost;

11)通过本发明铸造模具和铸造方法获得的压叶轮铸件所需的后续加工量远远小于直接锻造成型的压叶轮回转体所需的后续加工量，在保证压叶轮性能不差于锻造成型的压叶轮的前提下大幅度降低后续机加工量，减少机加工时间，降低机加工成本。 11) The subsequent processing amount required for the impeller casting obtained by the casting mold and the casting method of the present invention is far less than the subsequent processing amount required for the direct forging type of the impeller rotary body, and the performance of the impeller is not worse than the forging type. Under the premise of pressing the impeller, the subsequent machining amount is greatly reduced, the machining time is reduced, and the machining cost is reduced.

Claims

一种涡轮增压器压叶轮近终成形压铸模具，分为外模腔和内膜腔两部分，内膜腔嵌套在外模腔内，其特征在于：所述内膜腔由定位锁紧环和盖板组成壳体，并在壳体内容纳大叶片模块、小叶片模块以及叶片根部R角模块；所述盖板与大叶片模块、小叶片模块以及叶片根部R角模块之间围成圆柱形的中心毂腔；中心毂腔向外延伸，形成多个叶片腔，各叶片腔被限定在相邻的模块之间。The utility model relates to a turbocharger pressure impeller near-final forming die-casting mold, which is divided into two parts: an outer cavity and an inner cavity. The inner membrane cavity is nested in the outer cavity, and the inner membrane cavity is locked by positioning. The ring and the cover plate form a housing, and the large blade module, the small blade module and the blade root R angle module are accommodated in the housing; the cover plate and the large blade module, the small blade module and the blade root R angle module form a cylinder a central hub cavity; the central hub cavity extends outwardly to form a plurality of blade cavities, each vane cavity being defined between adjacent modules.
根据权利要求1所述的一种涡轮增压器压叶轮近终成形压铸模具，其特征在于，所述外模腔设置在动模上，其形状与内膜腔外形一致。A turbocharger pressure impeller near-end forming die-casting mold according to claim 1, wherein the outer mold cavity is disposed on the movable mold and has a shape conforming to the shape of the inner membrane cavity.
根据权利要求1所述的一种涡轮增压器压叶轮近终成形压铸模具，其特征在于，所述大叶片模块、小叶片模块以及叶片根部R角模块分别包含若干个形状相同的金属块。A turbocharger pressure impeller near-end forming die-casting mold according to claim 1, wherein said large blade module, small blade module and blade root R-angle module respectively comprise a plurality of metal blocks of the same shape .
根据权利要求1所述的一种涡轮增压器压叶轮近终成形压铸模具，其特征在于，所述盖板由均分的至少两块零件组成。A turbocharger impeller near-finishing die-casting mold according to claim 1, wherein said cover plate is composed of at least two parts that are equally divided.
一种涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，包括如下步骤：将半固态坯料或浆料压入或浇入压铸机料杯，通过压射杆将半固态坯料或浆料通过直浇道压入模具型腔，直接充型，制备得到压叶轮产品。A semi-solid die casting method for a turbocharger pressure impeller includes the steps of: pressing or pouring a semi-solid billet or slurry into a die cup of a die casting machine, and passing the semi-solid billet or slurry through a shot bar through a direct casting The ball is pressed into the mold cavity and directly filled, and the pressure impeller product is prepared.
根据权利要求5所述的涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，其特征在于：所述的半固态坯料或浆料由液态金属在外场作用下直接凝固到固相线与液相线之间的温度得到。The semi-solid die casting method for a turbocharger pressure impeller according to claim 5, wherein the semi-solid billet or slurry is directly solidified by a liquid metal to an external phase and a liquidus line under the action of an external field. The temperature between the two is obtained.
根据权利要求5所述的涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，其特征在于：所述的直浇道直径小于等于料饼直径，直浇道与料饼之间的尺寸差形成一个台阶，以去除坯料表面的氧化皮。A semi-solid die casting method for a turbocharger pressure impeller according to claim 5, wherein said sprue diameter is less than or equal to the diameter of the cake, and the difference in size between the sprue and the cake forms a Steps to remove scale from the surface of the blank.
根据权利要求5所述的涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，其特征在于：所述的料饼厚度与直浇道直径之间的比值在0.5至2.5之间。A semi-solid die casting method for a turbocharger impeller according to claim 5, wherein the ratio between the thickness of the cake and the diameter of the sprue is between 0.5 and 2.5.
根据权利要求5所述的涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，其特征在于：所述的直浇道直径与压叶轮外径之间的比值在0.2至1之间。The semi-solid die casting method of a turbocharger pressure impeller according to claim 5, wherein a ratio between the diameter of the sprue and the outer diameter of the impeller is between 0.2 and 1.
根据权利要求5所述的涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，其特征在于：所述的压叶轮由中心厚大部分与薄叶片组成，薄叶片数量为8片至30片。The semi-solid die casting method of a turbocharger pressure impeller according to claim 5, wherein the pressure impeller is composed of a majority of the center thickness and a thin blade, and the number of the thin blades is 8 to 30 pieces.
根据权利要求10所述的涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，其特征在于：所述的压叶轮外径为20mm至500mm。A semi-solid die casting method for a turbocharger pressure impeller according to claim 10, wherein said pressure impeller has an outer diameter of 20 mm to 500 mm.
根据权利要求11所述的涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，其特征在于：所述的压叶轮的叶片尺寸相同。A semi-solid die casting method for a turbocharger impeller according to claim 11, wherein The problem is that the blade of the pressure impeller has the same size.
根据权利要求11所述的涡轮增压器压叶轮的半固态压铸成形方法，其特征在于：所述的压叶轮包括大叶片和小叶片，两者尺寸不同，大、小叶片间隔沿外径均匀分布。A semi-solid die-casting forming method for a turbocharger pressure impeller according to claim 11, wherein said pressure impeller comprises large blades and small blades, and the two are different in size, and the large and small blades are evenly spaced along the outer diameter. distributed.
一种压叶轮铸件，其特征在于，所述压叶轮铸件的尺寸以压叶轮产品为基准，具体形状为：所述压叶轮铸件包含压叶轮的中心轴和围绕压叶轮的中心轴均匀分布的、间隔配置在该压叶轮的中心轴的表面上的若干个尺寸相同的初始一级叶片和若干个尺寸相同的初始二级叶片；初始一级叶片为能够包容压叶轮产品的一级叶片的多面体，初始一级叶片的上表面、下表面以及上边缘平面和外边缘平面均为平面；初始二级叶片为能够包容压叶轮产品的二级叶片的多面体，初始二级叶片的上表面、下表面以及上边缘平面和外边缘平面均为平面。A pressure impeller casting characterized in that the size of the pressure impeller casting is based on a pressure impeller product, and the specific shape is: the pressure impeller casting comprises a central axis of the pressure impeller and a central axis distributed around the pressure impeller, Arranging a plurality of first-sized blades of the same size and a plurality of initial secondary blades of the same size on the surface of the central axis of the pressure impeller; the initial primary blades are polyhedrons capable of containing the primary blades of the pressure impeller product, The upper surface, the lower surface, and the upper edge plane and the outer edge plane of the initial primary blade are both planar; the initial secondary blade is a polyhedron capable of containing the secondary blade of the pressure impeller product, the upper surface and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade, and Both the upper edge plane and the outer edge plane are flat.
根据权利要求14所述的压叶轮铸件，其特征在于，所述初始一级叶片的上表面与下表面平行或不平行，初始二级叶片的上表面与下表面平行或不平行。The impeller casting according to claim 14, wherein the upper surface of the initial primary blade is parallel or non-parallel to the lower surface, and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade is parallel or non-parallel to the lower surface.
根据权利要求14所述的压叶轮铸件，其特征在于，所述初始一级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度，初始二级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度；The impeller casting according to claim 14, wherein an angle between an upper edge plane of the initial primary blade and a central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees, and an upper edge plane of the initial secondary blade The angle between the central axis of the impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees;

初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离沿压叶轮的中心轴的径向变大或不变，初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离沿压叶轮的中心轴的径向变大或不变。The distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade becomes larger or constant along the radial direction of the central axis of the compression impeller, and the lower surface of the initial primary blade and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade The distance between them becomes larger or constant along the radial direction of the central axis of the impeller.
根据权利要求16所述的压叶轮铸件，其特征在于，所述初始一级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度；初始二级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度。The impeller casting according to claim 16, wherein an angle between an upper edge plane of the initial primary blade and a central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees; the initial secondary blade The angle between the upper edge plane and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees.
根据权利要求14所述的压叶轮铸件，其特征在于，初始一级叶片(2)的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度，初始二级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度；The impeller casting according to claim 14, wherein an angle between an outer edge plane of the initial primary blade (2) and a central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees, and an outer edge of the initial secondary blade The angle between the plane and the central axis of the impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees;

压叶轮进口处初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离等于或大于压叶轮出口处初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离；压叶轮进口处初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离等于或大于压叶轮出口处初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离。The distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade at the inlet of the impeller is equal to or greater than the distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade at the outlet of the pressure impeller and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade; The distance between the lower surface of the initial primary blade and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade at the inlet of the impeller is equal to or greater than the distance between the lower surface of the initial primary blade at the outlet of the pressure impeller and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade.
权利要求18所述的压叶轮铸件，其特征在于，初始一级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度；初始二级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度。 The impeller casting of claim 18, wherein an angle between an outer edge plane of the initial primary blade and a central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees; an outer edge of the initial secondary blade The angle between the plane and the central axis of the impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees.
一种压叶轮的铸造方法，首先制造压叶轮铸造模具，然后利用压叶轮铸造模具进行造型得到铸型，对铸型进行浇注，浇注金属凝固后对压叶轮铸件进行脱模清理得到压叶轮铸件，再进过机械加工得到压叶轮，其特征在于，所述压叶轮铸造模具的具体形状以压叶轮产品的尺寸为基准，具体形状为：A casting method of a pressure impeller firstly manufactures a pressure impeller casting mold, and then uses a pressure impeller casting mold to shape the mold, casts the mold, and casts the metal to solidify, and then demoulds the impeller casting to obtain a pressure impeller casting. The machine tool is further processed to obtain a pressure impeller, wherein the specific shape of the pressure impeller casting mold is based on the size of the pressure impeller product, and the specific shape is:

压叶轮铸造模具包含压叶轮的中心轴和围绕压叶轮的中心轴平均分布的、间隔配置在该压叶轮轮毂的表面上的若干个尺寸相同的初始一级叶片和若干个尺寸相同的初始二级叶片，初始一级叶片和初始二级叶片与中心轴一体铸造成型；压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片能够包容压叶轮产品的一级叶片，压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片的上表面、下表面以及不与压叶轮的中心轴接触的边缘面均为平面；压叶轮铸造模具的初始二级叶片能够包容压叶轮产品的二级叶片，压叶轮铸造模具的初始二级叶片的上表面、下表面以及不与压叶轮的中心轴接触的边缘面均为平面；The pressure impeller casting mold comprises a central axis of the pressure impeller and a plurality of first-level blades of the same size disposed on the surface of the pressure impeller hub, which are evenly distributed around the central axis of the pressure impeller, and a plurality of initial secondary stages of the same size The blade, the initial primary blade and the initial secondary blade are integrally cast and formed with the central shaft; the initial primary blade of the pressure impeller casting mold can accommodate the primary blade of the pressure impeller product, and the upper surface of the initial primary blade of the pressure impeller casting mold, The lower surface and the edge surface not in contact with the central axis of the impeller are flat; the initial secondary vane of the impeller casting mold can accommodate the secondary vane of the impeller product, and the upper surface of the initial secondary vane of the impeller casting mold, The lower surface and the edge surface not in contact with the central axis of the impeller are flat;

初始一级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度，初始二级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度；The angle between the upper edge plane of the initial primary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees, and the angle between the upper edge plane of the initial secondary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees;

初始一级叶片的上表面与初始二级叶片的下表面之间的距离沿压叶轮的中心轴的径向变大或不变，初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离沿压叶轮的中心轴的径向变大或不变。The distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade and the lower surface of the initial secondary blade becomes larger or constant along the radial direction of the central axis of the compression impeller, and the lower surface of the initial primary blade and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade The distance between them becomes larger or constant along the radial direction of the central axis of the impeller.
权利要求21所述的压叶轮的铸造方法，其特征在于，初始一级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度；初始二级叶片的上边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度。The method of casting a pressure impeller according to claim 21, wherein an angle between an upper edge plane of the initial primary blade and a central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees; The angle between the upper edge plane and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees.
一种压叶轮的铸造方法，首先制造压叶轮铸造模具，然后利用压叶轮铸造模具进行造型得到铸型，对铸型进行浇注，浇注金属凝固后对压叶轮铸件进行脱模清理得到压叶轮铸件，再进过机械加工得到压叶轮，其特征在于，所述压叶轮铸造模具的具体形状以压叶轮产品的尺寸为基准，具体形状为：A casting method of a pressure impeller firstly manufactures a pressure impeller casting mold, and then uses a pressure impeller casting mold to shape the mold, casts the mold, and casts the metal to solidify, and then demoulds the impeller casting to obtain a pressure impeller casting. The machine tool is further processed to obtain a pressure impeller, wherein the specific shape of the pressure impeller casting mold is based on the size of the pressure impeller product, and the specific shape is:

压叶轮铸造模具包含压叶轮的中心轴和围绕压叶轮的中心轴平均分布的、间隔配置在该压叶轮轮毂的表面上的若干个尺寸相同的初始一级叶片和若干个尺寸相同的初始二级叶片，初始一级叶片和初始二级叶片与中心轴一体铸造成型；压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片能够包容压叶轮产品的一级叶片，压叶轮铸造模具的初始一级叶片的上表面、下表面以及不与压叶轮的中心轴接触的边缘面均为平面；压叶轮铸造模具的初始二级叶片能够包容压叶轮产品的二级叶片；压叶轮铸造模具的初始二级叶片的上表面、下表面以及不与压叶轮的中心轴接触的边缘面均为平面；The pressure impeller casting mold comprises a central axis of the pressure impeller and a plurality of first-level blades of the same size disposed on the surface of the pressure impeller hub, which are evenly distributed around the central axis of the pressure impeller, and a plurality of initial secondary stages of the same size The blade, the initial primary blade and the initial secondary blade are integrally cast and formed with the central shaft; the initial primary blade of the pressure impeller casting mold can accommodate the primary blade of the pressure impeller product, and the upper surface of the initial primary blade of the pressure impeller casting mold, The lower surface and the edge surface not in contact with the central axis of the impeller are flat; the initial secondary vane of the impeller casting mold can accommodate the secondary vane of the impeller product; the upper surface of the initial secondary vane of the impeller casting mold, The lower surface and the edge surface not in contact with the central axis of the impeller are flat;

初始一级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度，初始二级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度； The angle between the outer edge plane of the initial primary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees, and the angle between the outer edge plane of the initial secondary blade and the central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees;

压叶轮进口处初始一级叶片的上表面与二级叶片的下表面之间的距离等于或大于压叶轮出口处初始一级叶片的上表面与二级叶片的下表面之间的距离；压叶轮进口处初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离等于或大于压叶轮出口处初始一级叶片的下表面与初始二级叶片的上表面之间的距离。The distance between the upper surface of the initial primary blade and the lower surface of the secondary blade at the inlet of the impeller is equal to or greater than the distance between the upper surface of the primary primary blade and the lower surface of the secondary blade at the outlet of the pressure impeller; The distance between the lower surface of the initial primary blade at the inlet and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade is equal to or greater than the distance between the lower surface of the initial primary blade at the outlet of the pressure impeller and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade.
权利要求22所述的压叶轮的铸造方法，其特征在于，初始一级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度；初始二级叶片的外边缘平面与压叶轮的中心轴之间的夹角大于或等于90度、小于120度。A method of casting a pressure impeller according to claim 22, wherein an angle between an outer edge plane of the initial primary blade and a central axis of the pressure impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees; The angle between the outer edge plane and the central axis of the impeller is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 120 degrees.
权利要求20或22所述的压叶轮的铸造方法，其特征在于，所述初始一级叶片的上表面与下表面平行或不平行，初始二级叶片的上表面与下表面平行或不平行。A method of casting a pressure impeller according to claim 20 or 22, wherein the upper surface of the initial primary blade is parallel or non-parallel to the lower surface, and the upper surface of the initial secondary blade is parallel or non-parallel to the lower surface.
权利要求20或22所述的压叶轮的铸造方法，其特征在于，所述初始一级叶片与初始二级叶片之间有距离。 A method of casting a pressure impeller according to claim 20 or 22, wherein the initial primary blade has a distance from the initial secondary blade.