CN108941511A - A kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap - Google Patents
A kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap Download PDFInfo
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- CN108941511A CN108941511A CN201810815207.2A CN201810815207A CN108941511A CN 108941511 A CN108941511 A CN 108941511A CN 201810815207 A CN201810815207 A CN 201810815207A CN 108941511 A CN108941511 A CN 108941511A
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- aluminum alloy
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010111 plaster casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 101150038956 cup-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap, the following steps are included: by Complex Aluminum Alloy cylinder cap parting process, the aluminum alloy cylinder cover after parting process is subjected to SLS printing wax pattern again and 3DP prints sand core, then prepared by gypsum mould to wax pattern processing, sand core processing, pass through gypsum mould roasting technique shape forming cavity, the type chamber that roasting obtains accurately is installed with the sand core handled well using processing methods such as vacuum refining, vacuum pouring, compression solidifications, obtains complicated aluminum alloy cylinder cover.The moulding process has given full play to 3D printing, sand casting process and plaster casting technique advantage, solves the problems, such as the quick Non-mould shaping of aluminum alloy cylinder cover class high quality, it is more easier so that complicated aluminum alloy cylinder cover manufacture is more existing, and produces dimensional accuracy height, surface quality and internal soundness is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal casting moulding process fields, and in particular to a kind of based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap
Moulding process.
Background technique
Aluminum alloy cylinder cover internal structure is complicated, and size and internal soundness requirement are very high, and under normal circumstances, aluminum alloy cylinder cover is all
It is to be produced again by opening up metal die, the production cycle is very long, expensive；Fast aluminum alloy cylinder cap production using
Sand mold and sand core are printed respectively, then carries out muti-piece group type group core, then carry out sand mold gravitational casting or low pressure casting, this method
The cylinder cap of production is second-rate, and dimensional accuracy is lower than C10, and finish is lower than Ra12.5, and there is a large amount of defect in inside, assembles and beats
Pressure often goes wrong.Currently, the quick cylinder cap demand of small batch high quality is bigger, the energy conservation and environmental protections such as automobile, unmanned plane, naval vessel
Aluminum alloy cylinder cover develop task than heavier, there is an urgent need to find a kind of new manufacturing method, the manufacture cylinder cap of fast and high quality.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, it is an object to provide a kind of molding work based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap
Skill solves aluminum alloy cylinder cover in conjunction with 3D printing technique and various auxiliary processes by parting process Complex Aluminum Alloy cylinder cap
Cylinder interior quality problems.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: one kind is based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap
Moulding process, comprising the following steps: by Complex Aluminum Alloy cylinder cap parting process, then by the aluminum alloy cylinder cover after parting process into
Row SLS prints wax pattern and 3DP prints sand core, then prepares gypsum mould to wax pattern processing, and sand core processing roasts work by gypsum mould
Skill shape forming cavity, using the processing methods such as vacuum refining, vacuum pouring, compression solidification by roasting obtained type chamber with handle well
Sand core is accurately installed, and complicated aluminum alloy cylinder cover is obtained.
The above-mentioned moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) by Complex Aluminum Alloy cylinder cap parting process: according to cylinder cap mechanical drawing and production technology, by cylinder cap inner cavity sand core
It separates, determines parting and assembling scheme, improve and optimize cylinder cap external form and assembly tooling data, determine outside 3D printing cylinder cap
Shape wax-pattern, 3D printing cylinder cap inner cavity sand core and positioning tool design scheme；
(2) aluminum alloy cylinder cover after parting process carries out SLS printing wax pattern and 3DP prints sand core: according to cylinder cap external form number
According to the external form data of design 3D printing HLP equipment, 3D printing wax-pattern and positioning tool design scheme are determined, realize wax-pattern size essence
CT6 grades of degree, wax-pattern thickness 0.12mm；It is suitble to the sand core data of 3D printing HLS equipment, including sand mold to determine according to sand core design data
Position tooling, positioning auxiliary line, core print tooling, sand core exhaust system and running gate system, determine 3D printing sand core and positioning tool
Design scheme data, sand mold thickness 30mm；
(3) prepared by gypsum mould to wax pattern processing: external chill is assembled into the cylinder body of wax-pattern by positioning tool, then by
Gypsum slurries carry out cladding positioning to wax-pattern, are transferred in vacuum grouting tank after gypsum slurries natural coagulation, adjust vacuum degree
For 0.03-0.05MPa, gypsum slurries grouting pouring practice is completed at the uniform velocity under state, gypsum mould is pressurized after casting complete
Processing is allowed to solidify feeding, pressurized state 30-60min is kept again after solidifying feeding, wait roast；
(4) plaster mold shell roast: by step (3) resulting gypsum mould with heat up per hour 20-40 DEG C rate heating rise
Temperature keeps the temperature 5-8h to 180-210 DEG C in this temperature, is then heated to again with 30-50 DEG C of the rate of heating up per hour
It 450-550 DEG C, keeps the temperature 4-6h in this temperature, then is heated to 650 DEG C with 50 DEG C of the rate of heating up per hour, in this temperature
Then upper heat preservation 2-4h is down to 200-230 DEG C again with 15-20 DEG C of the rate of cooling down per hour, internal densener is assembled to gypsum mould
In, 3-5h is kept the temperature, finished product gypsum mould can be obtained；
(5) sand core is handled: the printed sand core of step (2) being carried out baking outlet, baking temperature is 180-200 DEG C, is dried
The roasting time is 5-6h, it is desirable that sand core gas forming amount is 1g/1KG, is cooled to room temperature after baking；
(6) tool locating: the gypsum mould that step (4) is in keeping warm mode is taken out from roaster, using positioning tool,
It repairs the sand core positioning tool position that gypsum mould and step (5) processing prepared by positioning auxiliary line to step (4) obtains
It is whole, cylinder cap mechanical drawing and manufacturing technique requirent are complied with, and carry out cleaning to positioning tool fitting surface to ensure fitting surface light
It is sliding；
(7) the resulting tool locating operation of step (6) moulding by casting: is transferred to the vacuum casting chamber of vacuum casting device
It is interior, the intracavitary air pressure adjustment of vacuum casting is at the uniform velocity then completed into high temperature under state to -0.02MPa or less and the pressure is kept
Liquid aluminium alloy liquid pouring practice, pouring temperature are 700-720 DEG C, duration of pouring 10-12s, fixed to tooling after casting complete
Position operation pressurized treatment is allowed to solidify feeding, keeps pressurized state 30-60min again after solidifying feeding, obtains casting；
(8) casting cleaning: deionized water is first carried out to step (7) resulting casting and impregnates 6-8h, then carries out high pressure water
Power cleaning after the completion of cleaning, then carries out tempering to aluminium alloy castings, obtains required aluminum alloy cylinder cover.
The specific implementation step of step (1) are as follows: the part three-dimensional data complete graph for designing aluminum alloy cylinder cover first (is detailed in
Fig. 1), machining allowance 2-3mm is then added on the basis of three-dimensional data complete graph, forms cylinder-cover blank three-dimensional data chart (in detail
See Fig. 2), then cylinder-cover blank three-dimensional data chart is exported as STL data file, it is dedicated using casting Technology Design and simulative optimization
Software systems CASTsoft carries out technological design and optimization, ultimately forms reasonable casting and assembly technology；Wherein, aluminium alloy cylinder
Lid assembling scheme can refer to technique installation diagram (being detailed in Fig. 3), and mainly include following part: internal densener 1 extends to the positioning of two sides
Tooling 2, sprue 3, sprue cup 4, riser 5, cylinder-cover blank 6 and external chill 7, are substrate with cylinder-cover blank 6, by 7 groups of external chill
It is attached to 6 side surface of cylinder-cover blank, internal densener 1 is assembled in cylinder-cover blank 6, and setting extends to two sides on 6 top of cylinder-cover blank
Positioning tool 2, positioning tool 2 are equipped with sprue 3 and riser 5, are provided with sprue cup 4 on sprue 3.
The specific implementation step of step (2) are as follows: 3D printing wax-pattern and positioning tool design scheme are detailed in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, and 3D is beaten
Print wax-pattern is to be burnt wax or PS wax material layer by layer by reasonable parameter using the method (SLS technique) of selective laser sintering
Knot, then post-processing any surface finish is carried out, cylinder cap external form and positioning tool are obtained, i.e., is arranged in 2 top of positioning tool of step (1)
Internal densener auxiliary mould a3 and external chill is arranged in sectional center line a1, core print tooling a2 and sprue 3,2 lower part of positioning tool
Auxiliary mould a4, so that it is guaranteed that 3D printing wax-pattern is consistent with positioning tool and integrality；3D printing sand core and positioning tool are set
Meter scheme is detailed in Fig. 6, and 3D printing sand core is the method (3DP technique) using constituency spraying resin or solidification glue, using reasonable
Printing technology sticks together sand is roasted, and obtains cylinder cap inner cavity and positioning tool, and this moulding process is cold forming, forms sand mold
Flexible type is not allowed, intensity is bigger.It include sand mold width positioning tool b1 in entire technique, sand mold length positioning tooling b2 is interior
Chamber sand core b3, corresponding core print tooling b4, sand core exhaust system b5 and running gate system b6；It will after its sand core and positioning tool
It can agree with reverse mould, that is, gypsum mould chamber of the positioning tool of wax-pattern and its wax-pattern.
The specific implementation step of step (3) and (4) are as follows: using wax-pattern as part die cavity, wax-pattern reverse mould is turned over, gypsum is made
Pattern records drying as casting mold using gypsum slurry, dissolves out wax-pattern to form cavity by high-temperature roasting, under vacuum conditions
Casting, solidifies under stress；It include that printing wax-pattern turns over gypsum mould length positioning tooling c1 processed in its technique, printing wax-pattern turns over stone processed
Paste type width positioning tool c2 and corresponding external chill auxiliary mould c3 (being detailed in Fig. 7).Wax-pattern reverse mould turns over gypsum mould is made after, gypsum
Type has well mould and dimensional stability again, the multiple minimum 0.02mm of mould, and the wax pattern transformation of ownership influences control at size after gypsum
In 0.5mm, then assembled with gypsum mould and sand core, fitting surface is smooth, assembly precision 0.2-0.5mm；Gypsum mould vacuum increases
The features such as die casting is made with good heat preservation performance, and Chill is flexible, and pressure feeding distance is long guarantees that ZL114A cylinder body tensile strength is big
In 350Mpa, elongation percentage is greater than 5%, and hardness HB is greater than 100.
The specific implementation step of step (6) are as follows: beat the gypsum mould type chamber that step (4) obtains and the 3D that step (5) obtain
Print sand core carries out pretreatment assembly；By the thick sectional center line of 0.2mm that is designed on 3D printing cylinder cap shape wax-pattern and sand core and
Locating piece is corrected, the face-to-face assembly (being detailed in Fig. 8) of locating piece fitting surface, entire technique are as follows: sand core d1 passes through sand are then carried out
Core and gypsum mould positioning tool d2 and gypsum mould d3 agree with assembly, and internal densener 1 is applied in formation internal densener face d4 in gypsum mould d3,
Entire assembly direction side-to-side dimensions control can be completed gypsum mould type chamber and sand core assemble in 0.2-0.5mm, and fitting surface light
It is sliding.
In step (2), the technological parameter of the printing wax pattern are as follows: laser power 18-20W, environment temperature 89-92
DEG C, scanning speed 1200-1400mm/S, thickness 0.12mm, shrinking percentage 0.95%；Print the technological parameter of sand core are as follows: resin
0.9-1% is measured, environment temperature is 20-25 DEG C, jet velocity 120-140mm/S, thickness 0.2mm, and curing time is small not less than 6
When, shrinking percentage 0.75%.
In step (3), pressure is 200-230Kpa when the pressurized treatment.
In step (6), the assembly precision of the positioning tool is 0.2-0.5mm, and precision size is better than CT7 grades.
In step (7), the high-temperature liquid state aluminum alloy melt is in almag liquid, aluminum-silicon alloy liquid or aluminium copper liquid
One kind.
In step (7), pressure is 450-520Kpa when the pressurized treatment.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: a kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap of the invention is used
Cylinder cap splits technology, 3D printing wax-pattern technology, 3D printing sand mold technology and gypsum mould vacuum Pressurized Casting Technique, closes in conjunction with aluminium
The design feature of golden cylinder cap itself splits out wax-pattern part and sand mold part, realizes that cylinder cap external form is guaranteed by fractionation wax pattern, cylinder cap
Inner cavity is guaranteed by splitting sand mold, designs reasonable assembling structure, guarantees accurate assembly and cylinder cap total quality；Woth no need to mold
It can be carried out fast and high quality manufacture aluminum alloy cylinder cover, solve at present quickly sand mold manufacture aluminum alloy cylinder cover size, finish, interior
The ropy problem in portion, precision size reach CT6-7 grades, and finish reaches Ra3.2-5.0, and casting technique is implemented flexibly, internal
It is high-quality；3D printing sand core, 3D printing wax pattern, the different shrinking percentages of each process of gypsum mould high-precision is realized to assemble and cast；
3D printing, sand casting process and plaster casting technique advantage have been given full play to, it is fast to solve aluminum alloy cylinder cover class high quality
Fast Non-mould shaping problem.
Be in particular in: (1) it is that the cylinder-cover blank after casting Technology Design simulative optimization is carried out die joint that cylinder cap, which is split,
It is designed with positioning tool, it is ensured that cylinder cap external form and inner cavity separation, cylinder cap external form are able to achieve wax-pattern printing, and cylinder cap inner cavity is able to achieve sand
Type printing determines wax-pattern and sand mold shrinking percentage, deformation by experimental method, by the data feedback of experiment into design, determines most
Good die joint and positioning tool position, shape, size.
(2) 3D printing wax-pattern is to be passed through wax or PS wax material rationally using the method (SLS technique) of selective laser sintering
Parameter be sintered layer by layer, then carry out post-processing any surface finish, obtain cylinder cap external form and positioning tool.
(3) 3D printing sand mold is the method (3DP technique) using constituency spraying resin or solidification glue, using reasonable printing
Technique sticks together sand is roasted, and obtains cylinder cap inner cavity and positioning tool；This moulding process is cold forming, and molding sand mold is not allowed
Flexible type, intensity are bigger.
(4) casting of gypsum mould vacuum boosting is using wax-pattern as part die cavity, and gypsum slurry records drying and is used as casting mold,
Wax-pattern is dissolved out to form cavity by high-temperature roasting, is poured under vacuum conditions, is solidified under stress；Gypsum mould has multiple well
Mould and dimensional stability, shaped article surface and internal soundness are fine.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is aluminum alloy cylinder cover part three-dimensional figure；
Fig. 2 is aluminum alloy cylinder cover blank three-dimensional data chart；
Fig. 3 is aluminum alloy cylinder cover casting technique installation diagram；
Fig. 4 is aluminum alloy cylinder cover external form 3D printing wax-pattern and positioning tool conceptual schematic drawing a；
Fig. 5 is aluminum alloy cylinder cover external form 3D printing wax-pattern and positioning tool conceptual schematic drawing b；
Fig. 6 is aluminum alloy cylinder cover 3D printing inner cavity sand core and positioning tool conceptual schematic drawing；
Fig. 7 is that gypsum mould figure is made in the roasting of aluminum alloy cylinder cover external form 3D printing wax-pattern；
Fig. 8 is 3D printing inner cavity sand core and gypsum mould installation diagram；
Fig. 9 is the aluminum alloy cylinder cover drawing of rough casting；
Figure 10 is aluminum alloy cylinder cover casting CT defectogram.
Specific embodiment
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments below.It should be understood that described herein specific
Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, it is not limited to these embodiments.
A kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) by Complex Aluminum Alloy cylinder cap parting process: according to cylinder cap mechanical drawing and production technology, by cylinder cap inner cavity sand core
It separates, determines parting and assembling scheme, improve and optimize cylinder cap external form and assembly tooling data, determine outside 3D printing cylinder cap
Shape wax-pattern, 3D printing cylinder cap inner cavity sand core and positioning tool design scheme；
Specifically: the part three-dimensional data complete graph (being detailed in Fig. 1) for designing aluminum alloy cylinder cover first, then in three dimensions
According to machining allowance 2-3mm is added on the basis of complete graph, formed cylinder-cover blank three-dimensional data chart (being detailed in Fig. 2), then by cylinder cap hair
The output of base three-dimensional data chart is STL data file, using casting Technology Design and simulative optimization specical software system CASTsoft
Technological design and optimization are carried out, reasonable casting and assembly technology are ultimately formed；Wherein, aluminum alloy cylinder cover assembling scheme can refer to
Technique installation diagram (is detailed in Fig. 3), and mainly include following part: internal densener 1 extends to the positioning tool 2 of two sides, and sprue 3 pours
Cup 4, riser 5, cylinder-cover blank 6 and external chill 7, are substrate with cylinder-cover blank 6, and external chill 7 is assembled into 6 side table of cylinder-cover blank
Face, internal densener 1 are assembled in cylinder-cover blank 6, and on 6 top of cylinder-cover blank, setting extends to the positioning tool 2 of two sides, positioning tool
2 are equipped with sprue 3 and riser 5, are provided with sprue cup 4 on sprue 3.
(2) aluminum alloy cylinder cover after parting process carries out SLS printing wax pattern and 3DP prints sand core: according to cylinder cap external form number
According to the external form data of design 3D printing HLP equipment, 3D printing wax-pattern and positioning tool design scheme are determined, realize wax-pattern size essence
CT6 grades of degree, wax-pattern thickness 0.12mm；It is suitble to the sand core data of 3D printing HLS equipment, including sand mold to determine according to sand core design data
Position tooling, positioning auxiliary line, core print tooling, sand core exhaust system and running gate system, determine 3D printing sand core and positioning tool
Design scheme data, sand mold thickness 30mm；
Specifically: 3D printing wax-pattern and positioning tool design scheme are detailed in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, and 3D printing wax-pattern is using laser
Wax or PS wax material are sintered by the method (SLS technique) of constituency sintering layer by layer by reasonable parameter, then are post-processed
Any surface finish obtains cylinder cap external form and positioning tool, i.e., sectional center line a1, sand is arranged in 2 top of positioning tool of step (1)
Internal densener auxiliary mould a3 and external chill auxiliary mould a4 is arranged in core print tooling a2 and sprue 3,2 lower part of positioning tool, thus
Ensure that 3D printing wax-pattern is consistent with positioning tool and integrality；3D printing sand core and positioning tool design scheme are detailed in Fig. 6,3D
Printing sand core is the method (3DP technique) using constituency spraying resin or solidification glue, will roast sand using reasonable printing technology
It sticks together, obtains cylinder cap inner cavity and positioning tool, this moulding process is cold forming, and molding sand mold does not allow flexible type, intensity
It is bigger.It include sand mold width positioning tool b1, sand mold length positioning tooling b2, inner cavity sand core b3, corresponding sand in entire technique
Core print tooling b4, sand core exhaust system b5 and running gate system b6；After its sand core and positioning tool can with wax-pattern and its
The reverse mould of the positioning tool of wax-pattern, that is, gypsum mould chamber agrees with.
(3) prepared by gypsum mould to wax pattern processing: external chill is assembled into the cylinder body of wax-pattern by positioning tool, then by
Gypsum slurries carry out cladding positioning to wax-pattern, are transferred in vacuum grouting tank after gypsum slurries natural coagulation, adjust vacuum degree
For 0.03-0.05MPa, gypsum slurries grouting pouring practice is completed at the uniform velocity under state, gypsum mould is pressurized after casting complete
Processing, is pressurized to 220Kpa, and gypsum slurries is made to solidify feeding, pressurized state 30-60min is kept again after solidifying feeding, wait roast；
(4) plaster mold shell roasts: step (3) resulting gypsum mould is heated to 30 DEG C of the rate of heating up per hour
200 DEG C, 7h is kept the temperature in this temperature, then 500 DEG C is heated to again with 45 DEG C of the rate of heating up per hour, in this temperature
5h is kept the temperature, then is heated to 650 DEG C with 50 DEG C of the rate of heating up per hour, 3h is kept the temperature in this temperature, then again with every small
The rate that 20 DEG C of Shi Jiangwen is down to 210 DEG C, and internal densener is assembled in gypsum mould, keeps the temperature 4h, finished product gypsum mould can be obtained；
Step (3) and (4) specifically: using wax-pattern as part die cavity, wax-pattern reverse mould is turned over, plaster mold is made, using stone
Cream slurry records drying as casting mold, dissolves out to form cavity for wax-pattern by high-temperature roasting, be poured under vacuum conditions, in pressure
Lower solidification；It include that printing wax-pattern turns over gypsum mould length positioning tooling c1 processed in its technique, it is fixed that printing wax-pattern turns over gypsum mould width processed
Position tooling c2 and corresponding external chill auxiliary mould c3 (being detailed in Fig. 7).Wax-pattern reverse mould turns over gypsum mould is made after, gypsum mould has fine
Multiple mould and dimensional stability, the multiple minimum 0.02mm of mould, the wax pattern transformation of ownership influence control in 0.5mm at size after gypsum,
Then it is assembled with gypsum mould and sand core, fitting surface is smooth, assembly precision 0.2-0.5mm；The casting of gypsum mould vacuum boosting has
The features such as good heat preservation performance, Chill is flexible, and pressure feeding distance is long guarantees that ZL114A cylinder body tensile strength is greater than 350Mpa,
Elongation percentage is greater than 5%, and hardness HB is greater than 100.
(5) sand core is handled: the printed sand core of step (2) being carried out baking outlet, baking temperature is 180 DEG C, when baking
Between be 6h, it is desirable that sand core gas forming amount be 1g/1KG, be cooled to room temperature after baking；
(6) tool locating: the gypsum mould that step (4) is in keeping warm mode is taken out from roaster, using positioning tool,
It repairs the sand core positioning tool position that gypsum mould and step (5) processing prepared by positioning auxiliary line to step (4) obtains
It is whole, cylinder cap mechanical drawing and manufacturing technique requirent are complied with, and carry out cleaning to positioning tool fitting surface to ensure fitting surface light
It is sliding, wherein it is required that the assembly precision of positioning tool is 0.2-0.5mm, precision size is better than CT7 grades；
Specifically: the gypsum mould type chamber that step (4) obtains and the 3D printing sand core that step (5) obtain are subjected to pretreatment dress
Match；By the thick sectional center line of 0.2mm and amendment locating piece designed on 3D printing cylinder cap shape wax-pattern and sand core, then carry out
The face-to-face assembly (being detailed in Fig. 8) of locating piece fitting surface, entire technique are as follows: sand core d1 passes through sand core and gypsum mould positioning tool d2
Agree with assembly with gypsum mould d3, internal densener 1 is applied in formation internal densener face d4, entire assembly direction side-to-side dimensions in gypsum mould d3
Control can be completed gypsum mould type chamber and sand core assemble in 0.2-0.5mm, and fitting surface is smooth.
(7) the resulting tool locating operation of step (6) moulding by casting: is transferred to the vacuum casting chamber of vacuum casting device
It is interior, the intracavitary air pressure adjustment of vacuum casting is at the uniform velocity then completed into high temperature under state to -0.02MPa or less and the pressure is kept
Liquid aluminium liquid magnesium alloy pouring practice, pouring temperature are 710 DEG C, duration of pouring 12s, to tool locating operation after casting complete
Pressurized treatment is pressurized to 500Kpa, and almag liquid is made to solidify feeding, keeps pressurized state 60min again after solidifying feeding, obtains
Casting (is detailed in Fig. 9)；
(8) casting cleaning: deionized water is first carried out to step (7) resulting casting and impregnates 8h, then carries out high-pressure hydraulic
Cleaning after the completion of cleaning, then carries out tempering to aluminium alloy castings, obtains required aluminum alloy cylinder cover.
In step (2), the technological parameter of the printing wax pattern are as follows: laser power 18-20W, environment temperature 89-92
DEG C, scanning speed 1200-1400mm/S, thickness 0.12mm, shrinking percentage 0.95%；Print the technological parameter of sand core are as follows: resin
0.9-1% is measured, environment temperature is 20-25 DEG C, jet velocity 120-140mm/S, thickness 0.2mm, and curing time is small not less than 6
When, shrinking percentage 0.75%.
The aluminum alloy cylinder cover that this method is cast based on the moulding process of 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap, by 3D printing
Technology and advanced foundry engieering blend, and realize not mold manufacture aluminum alloy cylinder cover, overall dimensions and are better than CT6 grades, table
Face quality Ra is better than 3.2um, and internal soundness is good, suppresses no leaching.Entire technique include 3D printing wax pattern, 3D printing sand mold,
The method that gypsum mould assembly sand mold, the casting of gypsum mould vacuum boosting combine manufacture complicated inner cavity aluminum alloy part.By a variety of sides
The advantages of method and technique process merge, give full play to various technologies forms a kind of completely new method of manufacturing technology.It is finally obtained
Filling Processes of Castings is good, and precision size is better than CT7 grades, and surface smoothness is better than Ra3.2um.By (being detailed in casting flaw detection photo
Figure 10) detection learns that cast-internal obtains castings without obvious stomata, shrinkage defect.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap, which comprises the following steps:
By Complex Aluminum Alloy cylinder cap parting process, then by after parting process aluminum alloy cylinder cover carry out SLS printing wax pattern and 3DP beat
Sand core is printed, then prepared by gypsum mould, sand core processing, by gypsum mould roasting technique shape forming cavity, using vacuum to wax pattern processing
The processing methods such as refining, vacuum pouring, compression solidification accurately install the type chamber that roasting obtains with the sand core handled well, are answered
Miscellaneous aluminum alloy cylinder cover.
2. a kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap, which is characterized in that specifically includes the following steps:
(1) by Complex Aluminum Alloy cylinder cap parting process: according to cylinder cap mechanical drawing and production technology, cylinder cap inner cavity sand core being separated
Out, parting and assembling scheme are determined, improves and optimizes cylinder cap external form and assembly tooling data, determine 3D printing cylinder cap shape wax
Mould, 3D printing cylinder cap inner cavity sand core and positioning tool design scheme；
(2) aluminum alloy cylinder cover after parting process carries out SLS printing wax pattern and 3DP prints sand core: being set according to cylinder cap external form data
The external form data for counting 3D printing HLP equipment determine 3D printing wax-pattern and positioning tool design scheme, realize wax-pattern dimensional accuracy
CT6 grades, wax-pattern thickness 0.12mm；It is suitble to the sand core data of 3D printing HLS equipment, including sand mold positioning according to sand core design data
Tooling, positioning auxiliary line, core print tooling, sand core exhaust system and running gate system determine that 3D printing sand core and positioning tool are set
Count protocol, sand mold thickness 30mm；
(3) prepared by gypsum mould to wax pattern processing: external chill is assembled into the cylinder body of wax-pattern by positioning tool, then by gypsum
Slurries carry out cladding positioning to wax-pattern, are transferred in vacuum grouting tank after gypsum slurries natural coagulation, adjust vacuum degree and are
0.03-0.05MPa completes gypsum slurries grouting pouring practice, carries out at pressurization after casting complete to gypsum mould at the uniform velocity under state
Reason is allowed to solidify feeding, pressurized state 30-60min is kept again after solidifying feeding, wait roast；
(4) plaster mold shell roasts: step (3) resulting gypsum mould is heated to 20-40 DEG C of the rate of heating up per hour
180-210 DEG C, 5-8h is kept the temperature in this temperature, and 450-550 is then heated to 30-50 DEG C of the rate of heating up per hour again
DEG C, it keeps the temperature 4-6h in this temperature, then be heated to 650 DEG C with 50 DEG C of the rate of heating up per hour, is kept the temperature in this temperature
Then 2-4h is down to 200-230 DEG C again with 15-20 DEG C of the rate of cooling down per hour, internal densener is assembled in gypsum mould, keep the temperature
Finished product gypsum mould can be obtained in 3-5h；
(5) sand core is handled: the printed sand core of step (2) being carried out baking outlet, baking temperature is 180-200 DEG C, when baking
Between be 5-6h, it is desirable that sand core gas forming amount be 1g/1KG, be cooled to room temperature after baking；
(6) tool locating: the gypsum mould that step (4) is in keeping warm mode is taken out from roaster, using positioning tool, is passed through
The sand core positioning tool position that gypsum mould and step (5) processing that positioning auxiliary line prepares step (4) obtain is modified, and is made
It meets cylinder cap mechanical drawing and manufacturing technique requirent, and carries out cleaning to positioning tool fitting surface and ensure that fitting surface is smooth；
(7) moulding by casting: the vacuum casting that the resulting tool locating operation of step (6) is transferred to vacuum casting device is intracavitary,
Then the intracavitary air pressure adjustment of vacuum casting is at the uniform velocity completed into high-temperature liquid state under state to -0.02MPa or less and the pressure is kept
Aluminum alloy melt pouring practice, pouring temperature are 700-720 DEG C, duration of pouring 10-12s, are made after casting complete to tool locating
Industry pressurized treatment is allowed to solidify feeding, keeps pressurized state 30-60min again after solidifying feeding, obtains casting；
(8) casting cleaning: first carrying out deionized water to step (7) resulting casting and impregnate 6-8h, and it is clear then to carry out high-pressure hydraulic
It washes, after the completion of cleaning, then tempering is carried out to aluminium alloy castings, obtain required aluminum alloy cylinder cover.
3. a kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
In step (2), the technological parameter of the printing wax pattern are as follows: laser power 18-20W, environment temperature are 89-92 DEG C, scanning speed
1200-1400mm/S, thickness 0.12mm, shrinking percentage 0.95%；Print the technological parameter of sand core are as follows: amount of resin 0.9-1%, ring
Border temperature is 20-25 DEG C, jet velocity 120-140mm/S, thickness 0.2mm, and curing time is not less than 6 hours, and shrinking percentage is
0.75%.
4. a kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
In step (3), pressure is 200-230Kpa when the pressurized treatment.
5. a kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
In step (6), the assembly precision of the positioning tool is 0.2-0.5mm.
6. a kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
In step (7), the high-temperature liquid state aluminum alloy melt is one of almag liquid, aluminum-silicon alloy liquid or aluminium copper liquid.
7. a kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
In step (7), pressure is 450-520Kpa when the pressurized treatment.
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| CN110227795A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-13 | 吴振行 | A kind of casting method using 3D printing production shell mold |
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| CN111408690A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-14 | 滁州金诺实业有限公司 | High-performance aluminum alloy casting dieless forming casting method |
| CN114082890A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-25 | 苏州美迈快速制造技术有限公司 | Manufacturing method of large-size dot matrix machine component |
| CN114346166A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-15 | 沈阳铸造研究所有限公司 | Preparation technology of 3D printing sand mold precision casting shell |
| CN115194097A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-18 | 成都新航工业科技股份有限公司 | Method for gypsum mold investment shell making by adopting space replacement |
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