WO2016041449A1 - 一种熔融堆积3d打印机及其打印方法 - Google Patents

一种熔融堆积3d打印机及其打印方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016041449A1
WO2016041449A1 PCT/CN2015/089064 CN2015089064W WO2016041449A1 WO 2016041449 A1 WO2016041449 A1 WO 2016041449A1 CN 2015089064 W CN2015089064 W CN 2015089064W WO 2016041449 A1 WO2016041449 A1 WO 2016041449A1
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long fiber
screw
conveying
barrel
printer
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PCT/CN2015/089064
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English (en)
French (fr)
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余金文
凌毅
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余金文
凌毅
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Publication of WO2016041449A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016041449A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00

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  • the present invention relates to 3D printing technology, and in particular to a fused stacked 3D printer and a printing method thereof.
  • 3D printing is a widely used rapid prototyping technology.
  • the forming process principle is: firstly establish a computer 3D model of the target part, and then use the software to layer and slice the 3D model to obtain the data information of each processing level. Under the control of the computer, the laminated additive is manufactured according to the slice level information, and the manufacturing of the target processing is completed.
  • the advantage of 3D printing is that it is not limited by the complexity of the shape of the part. It does not require any tooling molds. It is fast and efficient, and it can realize the automatic manufacturing of free-form entities. It is receiving more and more attention.
  • the fused stack 3D printer is one of the current 3D printers.
  • Melt-stacked 3D printers are widely used because of the low cost of equipment and the cost of printing materials.
  • the melt-stacked 3D printer also has the following technical defects: 1.
  • the product printed by the melt-stacked 3D printer is low in strength, which cannot meet the requirements of engineering applications; 2.
  • the surface of the melt-stacked 3D printer printed product is rough; 3.
  • the applicable printing material The limitations are large.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art described above and to provide a melt-stacked 3D printer which is simple in structure, reasonable in structure, high in strength of printed products, and excellent in surface smoothness of printed products.
  • the present invention also provides a printing method of a fused stacked 3D printer.
  • the present melt-stacked 3D printer includes a casing and a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism is installed in the casing, and further comprises a composite extrusion mechanism, the composite extrusion mechanism comprising a barrel, a screw and a long fiber conveying pipe, the side wall of the barrel is provided with a barrel a feeding tube communicating with the chamber, the screw being rotatably mounted in the chamber, the screw being provided with a mounting passage, the mounting passage communicating with the upper end and the lower end of the screw; the long fiber conveying tube being inserted into the mounting passage
  • the long fiber conveying pipe is provided with a conveying passage for conveying continuous long fibers; the conveying passage, the installation passage and the material chamber are sequentially connected.
  • a mounting channel is arranged in the screw and a long fiber conveying pipe is arranged in the mounting channel to form a continuous long fiber extrusion system, which can continuously extrude the continuous long fiber and the printing material wrapping the same, thereby improving the strength and surface of the printed product. Smoothness and high processing efficiency.
  • the composite extrusion mechanism further includes a first bracket, a second bracket and a long fiber conveying roller set, the first bracket and the second bracket are mounted on the lifting mechanism from the top to the bottom, and the long fiber conveying roller group Mounted on the first bracket, the upper end of the barrel is mounted on the second bracket, the upper end of the long fiber duct is fixed to the first bracket, and the long fiber duct is located below the long fiber transport roller set, The long fiber delivery tube is connected to the long fiber conveyor roller set.
  • the long fiber conveying roller set comprises a first motor, a driving roller, a driven roller, a driving shaft and a driven shaft
  • the first motor is mounted on a side of the first bracket
  • the driving shaft and the driven shaft are installed in parallel
  • the first shaft is coupled to the first motor
  • the driving roller and the driven roller are respectively mounted on the driving shaft and the driven shaft
  • the driving roller and the driven roller are oppositely disposed.
  • the inlet of the conveying passage of the long fiber conveying pipe is located directly between the driving roller and the driven roller.
  • the center line of the chamber, the center line of the screw, and the center line of the long fiber delivery tube are on the same line.
  • a working platform and a sliding rail supporting the working platform are disposed under the composite extrusion mechanism.
  • the composite extrusion mechanism further comprises a fiber cutter, a nozzle and a cylinder, the nozzle being mounted on a discharge opening of the barrel, the nozzle being provided with a cutting passage matched with the fiber cutter, the cutting passage and the cutting passage
  • the inner hole of the nozzle is connected, the cylinder is fixed to the lower end surface of the barrel, and the fiber cutter is mounted on a telescopic rod of the cylinder, and the fiber cutter is inserted into the cutting channel.
  • a second motor is disposed on a side of the second bracket, and the second motor is coupled to the screw through a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism is a worm gear transmission mechanism.
  • the invention provides a screw for installing a channel and a long fiber conveying tube in the installation channel.
  • the continuous long fiber is simultaneously impregnated and wrapped by the printing material, and the continuous fiber and the package are continuous.
  • the printed material wrapped together is extruded to the working platform for melt deposition, and the melt-stacked 3D printer can simultaneously add continuous long fibers during the printing process, and arrange the long fibers in order, which greatly improves the strength of the printed product.
  • This is equivalent to adding ordered steel bars to the concrete to increase the strength of the reinforced concrete.
  • the increase in the strength of the printed product satisfies the requirements of engineering applications.
  • the continuous long fibers are impregnated and wrapped by the molten printing material, and the continuous long fibers are The printed material that wraps it is also extruded at the same time.
  • the continuous extrusion of the continuous long fiber and the printing material improves the printing efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a melt-stacked 3D printer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of a fused stacked 3D printer of the present invention.
  • the housing is stripped.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the composite extrusion mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of the composite extrusion mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion I in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the mechanism of the composite extrusion mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion H in Figure 6. The heating coil is not shown.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the screw of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the barrel of the present invention. The connection between the feed tube and the barrel is shown in this figure.
  • the melt-stacked 3D printer shown in FIGS. 1 to 9 includes a housing 1 and a lifting mechanism 2, the lifting mechanism 2 is mounted in the housing 1, and further includes a composite extrusion mechanism 3, and the composite extrusion mechanism 3
  • the barrel 301, the screw 302 and the long fiber conveying pipe 303 are included.
  • the side wall of the barrel 301 is provided with a feeding pipe 304 communicating with the cavity 3011 of the barrel 301, and the screw 302 is rotatably mounted to the cavity.
  • the mounting passage 3021 is added to the screw 302, and the mounting passage 3021 is located in the middle of the screw 302, that is, the center line of the mounting passage 3021 coincides with the center line of the screw 302.
  • the mounting channel 3021 is relatively matched to the outer shape of the long fiber delivery tube 303, which allows the long fiber delivery tube 303 to be better mounted in the mounting channel 3021.
  • the mounting channel 3021 has a circular cross section.
  • the rotating screw 302 shears and squeezes the printing material, so that the printing material is uniformly and stably extruded to the nozzle 309; at the same time, the continuous long fiber 4 is subjected to the long fiber conveying roller.
  • the action of the group 307, the continuous long fiber 4 first enters from the upper end of the conveying passage 3031 of the long fiber conveying pipe 303, and then protrudes from the lower end of the conveying passage 3031, and the continuous long fiber 4 moves from the lower end of the conveying passage 3031 to the inner hole of the nozzle 309.
  • the molten printing material is impregnated and wrapped, and then the printing material is pressed downward by the screw 302, and the continuous long fibers 4 continue to be moved downward by the long-fiber conveying roller set 307, thereby continuously growing the fibers 4 Together with the wrapped print material, it is extruded from the outlet of the inner bore of the nozzle 309.
  • the bottom of the lower end of the chamber 3011 is inverted.
  • the first bracket 305 and the second bracket 306 are arranged in parallel above and below.
  • the upper end of the long fiber transport tube 303 is fixed to the bottom plate of the first bracket 305; the upper end of the barrel 301 is fixed at the upper end.
  • the screw 302 is inserted into the cavity 3011 of the barrel 301, and the upper end of the screw 302 is connected to the upper end of the chamber 3011 through the bearing 5, which causes the screw 302 to rotate without the barrel 301.
  • the screw 302 is driven by a second motor 6 located on the side of the second bracket 305, and the second motor 6 is coupled to the screw 302 by a worm gear mechanism.
  • the worm wheel 7 is sleeved at the upper end of the screw 302, and one end of the worm 8 is connected to the output shaft of the second motor 6, and the other end of the worm 8 is connected to the worm wheel 7.
  • the long fiber conveying roller set 307 includes a first motor 3071, a driving roller 3072, a driven roller 3073, a driving shaft 3074, and a driven shaft 3075.
  • the first motor 3071 is mounted on The side of the first bracket 305, the driving shaft 3074 and the driven shaft 3075 are mounted in parallel on the first bracket 305, and the driving shaft 3074 is connected to the first motor 3071 through a gear transmission mechanism 14, the driving roller 3072 and The driven rollers 3073 are respectively mounted to the driving shaft 3074 and the driven shaft 3075, and the driving roller 3072 and the driven roller 3073 are opposed to each other.
  • the long fiber transport roller set 307 is used for the transport of continuous long fibers, wherein the continuous long fibers are conveyed mainly by the engagement of the drive roller 3072 and the driven roller 3073.
  • the driving roller 3072 and the driven roller 3073 are sleeved with a sleeve made of a soft material, and the sleeve of the driving roller 3072 is attached to the roller sleeve of the driven roller 3073, which ensures the friction between the continuous long fiber 4 and the sleeve. , the continuous filament 4 is effectively and stably moved under the frictional force.
  • the center line of the cavities 3011, the center line of the screw 302, and the center line of the long fiber delivery tube 303 are on the same straight line.
  • the molten printed material can evenly wrap the continuous long fibers 4, further improving the quality of the printed product.
  • a working platform 9 and a slide rail 10 supporting the work platform 9 are provided below the composite extrusion mechanism 3.
  • the slide rail 10 includes a slide rail A1001 and a slide rail B1002 which are perpendicular to each other.
  • the work platform 9 is slidably mounted on the slide rail A1001, and the slide rail A1001 is slidably mounted on the slide rail B1002.
  • the work platform 9 can move in the X-axis direction and in the Y-axis direction through the two slide rails in the horizontal direction.
  • the composite extrusion mechanism 3 can be moved up and down by the lifting mechanism 2 to complete 3D printing.
  • the composite extrusion mechanism 3 further includes a fiber cutter 308, a nozzle 309 and a cylinder 310.
  • the nozzle 309 is mounted on a discharge port of the barrel 301, and the nozzle 309 is provided with
  • the fiber cutter 308 is matched with a cutting passage 3091 that communicates with the inner hole 3092 of the nozzle 309.
  • the cylinder 310 is fixed to the lower end surface of the barrel 301, and the fiber cutter 308 is attached to the telescopic rod of the cylinder 310. And the fiber cutter 308 is inserted into the cutting channel 3091.
  • the fiber cutter 308 is moved by the cylinder 310, and the continuous long fibers are cut using the fiber cutter 308. As shown in FIG.
  • a middle portion of the fiber cutter 308 is provided with a shear hole 3081 corresponding to the inner hole 3092 of the nozzle 309.
  • the shear hole 3081 is displaced from the inner hole 3092 of the nozzle 309, thereby cutting the continuous filament 4.
  • the upper end of the feed pipe 304 is provided with a hopper 11, an angle between a center line of the feed pipe 304 and a center line of the barrel 301.
  • the size is 60°; the lower end of the barrel 301 is provided with at least one outer heating ring 12, and the heating ring 12 is located below the feeding tube 304.
  • the feed tube 304 is designed to be inclined, which ensures that the printed material is stably and reliably fed into the chamber 3011 from the feed tube 304.
  • the activation of the heating coil 12 is determined according to the printing material.
  • the heating coil 12 does not need to be activated. Rotation of the screw 302 squeezes the liquid printed material toward the nozzle 309.
  • the above printing method of the fused stacked 3D printer includes the following steps:
  • the printing material is added to the hopper 11, and the printing material enters the cavity 3011 of the barrel 301 through the feeding tube 304, and the printing material is melted in the cavity 3011, and the printed materials in the molten state are
  • the screw rotary extrusion is pushed to the nozzle 309; at the same time, the continuous long fibers enter the conveying passage 3031 of the long fiber conveying pipe 303 from the long fiber conveying roller group 307, and the continuous long fibers pass through the conveying passage 3031 and move to the outlet of the nozzle.
  • the molten printing material is impregnated and wrapped, and the continuous long fibers and the printing material enclosing the same are simultaneously extruded from the outlet of the nozzle 309 to the corresponding position of the working platform 9 to be melt-stacked, thereby completing printing.
  • the printing process is:
  • A Firstly, a three-dimensional model of the target part is built on the computer, and then the three-dimensional model is layered and sliced by software, and the plane data information of each processing level is obtained, and converted into a moving track command of the working platform and a lifting mechanism to drive the composite extrusion. An instruction to move the mechanism up and down;
  • the composite extrusion mechanism 3 and the work platform 9 are in an initial position; when starting work, the printing material is added to the hopper 11, and the printing material enters the cavity of the barrel 301 through the feeding tube 304. 3011, the screw 302 rotates to cut and squeeze the printing material in the cavity 3011, the printing material becomes molten in the cavity 3011, and the screw 302 rotates to squeeze the molten printing material toward the nozzle 309; Under the action of the driving roller 3072 and the driven roller 3073, the continuous long fibers enter the conveying passage 3031 of the long fiber conveying pipe 303.
  • the inlet of the conveying passage 3031 and the inlet of the nozzle 309 are bored.
  • the continuous filaments are impregnated and wrapped by the molten printing material, and then the continuous filaments and the printed material encasing them are extruded from the nozzle 309;
  • the fiber cutter 308 is according to the After the completion of each printing track, the continuous long fibers are cut, and the printing material encapsulating the continuous long fibers is melted and accumulated on the working platform 9 to form a first slice plane layer;
  • the lifting frame 201 drives the composite extrusion mechanism to rise by one working unit height, repeating feeding, printing material screw rotary extrusion, continuous long fiber conveying, fiber cutting process , complete the printing of the second slice plane layer;
  • step C Printing the third to last slice plane layer: repeating step C, printing the third to last slice plane, completing the laminate manufacturing of the target part, that is, completing the molten deposition 3D printing manufacturing of the target part.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种熔融堆积3D打印机，包括壳体、升降机构和复合挤出机构，所述升降机构安装于壳体内，所述复合挤出机构包括机筒、螺杆和长纤维输送管，所述机筒的侧壁设置有与机筒的料腔连通的进料管，所述螺杆可转动的安装于料腔内，所述螺杆设有安装通道，所述安装通道连通螺杆的上端和下端；所述长纤维输送管***于安装通道中，所述长纤维输送管设有用于输送连续长纤维的输送通道；所述输送通道、安装通道和料腔依次连通。同时本发明还公开了一种熔融堆积3D打印机的打印方法。本发明将连续长纤维及包裹其的打印材料同步一起挤出至工作平台，这提高打印产品的强度及打印产品的表面光滑度，并提高了加工效率。

Description

一种熔融堆积3D打印机及其打印方法 技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印技术，具体涉及一种熔融堆积3D打印机及其打印方法。
背景技术
3D打印是目前一种被广泛应用的快速成型技术，其成型工艺原理是：首先建立目标零件的计算机三维模型，然后用软件将三维模型进行分层切片处理，得到每一个加工层面的数据信息，在计算机控制下，根据切片层面信息进行叠层增材制造，完成目标加工的制造。3D打印的优势在于不受零件形状复杂程度的限制，不需要任何的工装模具，速度快，效率高，能够实现自由形状实体的自动化制造，正在受到越来越广泛的重视。
熔融堆积3D打印机为目前的3D打印机中的一种。熔融堆积3D打印机因设备造价及打印材料成本比较低廉而得到普遍应用。但熔融堆积3D打印机还存在以下技术缺陷：1、熔融堆积3D打印机打印的产品强度较低，这无法达到工程应用的要求；2、熔融堆积3D打印机打印产品的表面粗糙；3、适用的打印材料局限性大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服以上现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种结构简单、合理，打印产品的强度大及打印产品的表面光滑性好的熔融堆积3D打印机。同时，本发明还提供了一种熔融堆积3D打印机的打印方法。
本发明的目的通过以下的技术方案实现：本熔融堆积3D打印机，包括壳体和升降机构，所述升降机构安装于壳体内，还包括复合挤出机构，所述复合挤出机构包括机筒、螺杆和长纤维输送管，所述机筒的侧壁设置有与机筒 的料腔连通的进料管，所述螺杆可转动的安装于料腔内，所述螺杆设有安装通道，所述安装通道连通螺杆的上端和下端；所述长纤维输送管***于安装通道中，所述长纤维输送管设有用于输送连续长纤维的输送通道；所述输送通道、安装通道和料腔依次连通。
在螺杆中设置安装通道及在安装通道中设置长纤维输送管，构成连续长纤维挤出***，这可使连续长纤维和包裹其的打印材料同时被挤出，从而提高打印产品的强度及表面光滑度，并且加工效率高。
优选的，所述复合挤出机构还包括第一支架、第二支架和长纤维输送辊组，所述第一支架和第二支架自上而下安装于升降机构，所述长纤维输送辊组安装于第一支架，所述机筒的上端安装于第二支架，所述长纤维输送管的上端固定于第一支架，且所述长纤维输送管位于长纤维输送辊组的下方，所述长纤维输送管与长纤维输送辊组连接。这在连续长纤维挤出***中增加长纤维输送辊组，这提高连续长纤维输送的自动化程度，保证了连续长纤维可稳定、可靠的输送。
优选的，长纤维输送辊组包括第一电机、主动辊、从动辊、主动轴和从动轴，所述第一电机安装于第一支架的侧面，所述主动轴和从动轴平行安装于第一支架上，且所述主动轴与第一电机连接，所述主动辊和从动辊分别安装于主动轴和从动轴，且所述主动辊和从动辊相对设置。
优选的，所述长纤维输送管的输送通道的入口位于主动辊和从动辊之间的正下方。
优选的，所述料腔的中心线、螺杆的中心线和长纤维输送管的中心线在同一直线上。
优选的，所述复合挤出机构的下方设有工作平台和支承工作平台的滑轨。
优选的，所述复合挤出机构还包括纤维切刀、喷嘴和气缸，所述喷嘴安装于机筒的出料口，所述喷嘴设有与纤维切刀匹配的切除通道，所述切除通道与喷嘴的内孔连通，所述气缸固定于机筒的下端面，所述纤维切刀安装于 气缸的伸缩杆，且所述纤维切刀***切除通道。
优选的，所述进料管的上端设有加料斗，所述进料管的中心线与机筒的中心线之间的夹角大小为30°～90°；所述机筒的下端设有至少1外加热圈，所述加热圈位于进料管的下方。
优选的，所述第二支架的侧面设有第二电机，所述第二电机通过传动机构与螺杆连接，此传动机构为蜗轮蜗杆传动机构。
优选的，所述升降机构包括升降架、丝杆和2根导杆，2根所述导杆分别固定于壳体内的两端，所述升降架的两端均设有被导杆穿过的通孔，所述丝杆安装于壳体内，所述升降架套接于丝杆。
上述的熔融堆积3D打印机的打印方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在计算机上建立目标零件的三维模型，然后用软件将三维模型进行分层切片处理，得到每一个加工层面的平面数据信息，并转化为工作平台的移动轨迹指令及升降机构带动复合挤出机构上下移动的指令；
(2)开始工作时，向加料斗加入打印材料，打印材料通过进料管进入机筒的料腔，打印材料于料腔内变成熔融状态，这些熔融状态的打印材料由螺杆旋转挤压推动至喷嘴；与此同时，连续长纤维自长纤维输送辊组进入长纤维输送管的输送通道，这些连续长纤维经过输送通道后，移动至喷嘴的出口的过程中被熔融的打印材料浸渍并包裹，连续长纤维及包裹其的打印材料同时自喷嘴的出口被挤出至工作平台相应的位置进行熔融堆积，从而完成打印。
具体的，上述熔融堆积3D打印机在打印时采用的连续长纤维可以为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、氨纶纤维、植物纤维或者金属纤维，也可以是经过树脂预浸渍的各类纤维。这根据产品的不同需求使用不同的纤维，从而也拓宽了打印材料的使用种类。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点：
1、本发明将螺杆设有安装通道，并在安装通道内设置长纤维输送管，则在打印过程中，连续长纤维会被打印材料同时浸渍包裹后，连续长纤维与包 裹其的打印材料一起被挤出至工作平台进行熔融堆积，则本熔融堆积3D打印机可在打印的过程中同时加入连续长纤维，且使长纤维有序排列，这大大提高了打印产品的强度，这等同在混凝土中加入有序排列的钢筋来增加钢筋混凝土的强度，打印产品强度的增加满足了工程应用的要求。
2、本发明中的熔融堆积3D打印机因可在打印的过程中同时加入连续的长纤维，这提高打印产品的强度，从而在满足打印产品强度的情况下，可降低了打印材料使用的局限性。
3、本发明在打印过程中，连续长纤维被熔融的打印材料浸渍并包裹，这克服了传统纤维增强材料注塑产品或挤出产品表面浮纤所造成的表面粗糙的缺陷，提高了打印产品的品质。
4、本发明在打印过程中，连续长纤维自长纤维输送管的输送通道出来后，并在被挤出喷嘴前，这些连续长纤维会被熔融的打印材料浸渍并包裹，且连续长纤维与包裹其的打印材料同时被挤出，相对传统打印加工，这种连续长纤维与打印材料同步挤出的方式提高了打印的效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明的熔融堆积3D打印机的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的熔融堆积3D打印机的正视图。其中壳体被剥开。
图3是本发明的复合挤出机构机构的结构示意图。
图4是本发明的复合挤出机构机构的***图。
图5是图4中I处的放大示意图。
图6是本发明的复合挤出机构机构的剖视图。
图7是图6中H处的放大示意图。其中加热线圈没画出。
图8是本发明的螺杆的结构示意图。
图9是本发明的机筒的结构示意图。此图中画出了进料管与机筒之间的连接。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1至图9所示的熔融堆积3D打印机，包括壳体1和升降机构2，所述升降机构2安装于壳体1内，还包括复合挤出机构3，所述复合挤出机构3包括机筒301、螺杆302和长纤维输送管303，所述机筒301的侧壁设置有与机筒301的料腔3011连通的进料管304，所述螺杆302可转动的安装于料腔3011内，所述螺杆302设有安装通道3021，所述安装通道3021连通螺杆302的上端和下端；所述长纤维输送管303***于安装通道3021中，所述长纤维输送管303设有用于输送连续长纤维4的输送通道3031；所述输送通道3031、安装通道3021和料腔3011依次连通。
如图8和图9所示，在螺杆302增加安装通道3021，且这安装通道3021位于螺杆302的中间，即安装通道3021的中心线与螺杆302的中心线重合。同时，这安装通道3021与长纤维输送管303的外形相对匹配，这使长纤维输送管303更好的安装于安装通道3021内，在本实施例中安装通道3021的截面呈圆形。在打印过程中，仅仅只有螺杆302会被第二电机6驱动转动，而机筒301和长纤维输送管303相对于螺杆静止不动。在螺杆302的转动过程中，转动的螺杆302对打印材料进行剪切及挤压，从而使打印材料被均匀地、稳定地挤至喷嘴309；与此同时，连续长纤维4受到长纤维输送辊组307的作用，连续长纤维4先从长纤维输送管303的输送通道3031上端进入，然后自输送通道3031的下端伸出，连续长纤维4自输送通道3031的下端移动到喷嘴309的内孔3092的出口这一过程中，被熔融的打印材料浸渍并包裹，然后打印材料被螺杆302向下挤压，而连续长纤维4继续被长纤维输送辊组307向下移动，从而连续长纤维4和包裹的打印材料一起从喷嘴309的内孔的出口被挤出。为让打印材料被更好的挤出，料腔3011下端底部呈倒锥形。
如图3、图4和图6所示，所述复合挤出机构还包括第一支架305、第二支架306和长纤维输送辊组307，所述第一支架305和第二支架306自上而下安装于升降机构2，所述长纤维输送辊组307安装于第一支架305，所述机筒 301的上端安装于第二支架306，所述长纤维输送管303的上端固定于第一支架305，且所述长纤维输送管303位于长纤维输送辊组307的下方，所述长纤维输送管303与长纤维输送辊组307连接。第一支架305和第二支架306的结构相似，第一支架305和第二支架306上下平行设置，长纤维输送管303的上端固定于第一支架305的底板；机筒301的上端固定于第二支架306。而螺杆302***机筒301的料腔3011，螺杆302的上端通过轴承5与料腔3011的上端连接，这使螺杆302转动时不会带动机筒301。螺杆302由位于第二支架305侧面的第二电机驱动6，第二电机6通过蜗轮蜗杆传动机构与螺杆302连接。如图3和图6所示，蜗轮7套接于螺杆302的上端，而蜗杆8的一端与第二电机6的输出轴连接，蜗杆8的另一端与蜗轮7连接。
如图3、图4和图6所示，长纤维输送辊组307包括第一电机3071、主动辊3072、从动辊3073、主动轴3074和从动轴3075，所述第一电机3071安装于第一支架305的侧面，所述主动轴3074和从动轴3075平行安装于第一支架305上，且所述主动轴3074通过齿轮传动机构14与第一电机3071连接，所述主动辊3072和从动辊3073分别安装于主动轴3074和从动轴3075，且所述主动辊3072和从动辊3073相对设置。长纤维输送辊组307用于对连续长纤维的输送，其中主要由主动辊3072和从动辊3073啮合传动完成对连续长纤维的输送。主动辊3072和从动辊3073均套有软材料制成的辊套，且主动辊3072的辊套与从动辊3073的辊套相贴，这保证连续长纤维4与辊套之间的摩擦，令连续长纤维4在摩擦作用力下有效、稳定的移动。
如图6所示，所述长纤维输送管303的输送通道3031的入口位于主动辊3072和从动辊3073之间的正下方。采用此设计，这可保证连续长纤维4自主动辊3072和从动辊3073之间准确进入输送通道3031。
所述料腔3011的中心线、螺杆302的中心线和长纤维输送管303的中心线在同一直线上。采用此设计，则熔融的打印材料可均匀包裹连续长纤维4，进一步提高打印产品的品质。
如图1和图2所示，所述复合挤出机构3的下方设有工作平台9和支承工作平台9的滑轨10。滑轨10包含互相垂直的滑轨A1001和滑轨B1002，工作平台9可滑动的安装于滑轨A1001，而滑轨A1001可滑动的安装于滑轨B1002。采用此设计，工作平台9可在水平中通过两个滑轨进行沿X轴方向和沿Y轴方向的移动。而复合挤出机构3可通过升降机构2进行上下移动，从而完成3D打印。
如图6和图7所示，所述复合挤出机构3还包括纤维切刀308、喷嘴309和气缸310，所述喷嘴309安装于机筒301的出料口，所述喷嘴309设有与纤维切刀308匹配的切除通道3091，所述切除通道3091与喷嘴309的内孔3092连通，所述气缸310固定于机筒301的下端面，所述纤维切刀308安装于气缸310的伸缩杆，且所述纤维切刀308***切除通道3091。纤维切刀308通过气缸310移动，使用纤维切刀308切断连续长纤维。如图5所示，纤维切刀308的中部设有剪切孔3081，此剪切孔3081与喷嘴309的内孔3092对应。当气缸310伸出时，剪切孔3081与喷嘴309的内孔3092相错，从而切断连续长纤维4。
如图1至图4、图6和图9所示，所述进料管304的上端设有加料斗11，所述进料管304的中心线与机筒301的中心线之间的夹角大小为60°；所述机筒301的下端设有至少1外加热圈12，所述加热圈12位于进料管304的下方。进料管304倾斜设计，这保证打印材料稳定、可靠的自进料管304注入料腔3011内。在打印过程中，加热圈12的启动根据打印材料决定，如果打印材料是粘稠状液态热固性材料、粘稠状液态光固化材料等非热熔性材料，则不需要启动加热圈12，仅靠螺杆302转动将液态的打印材料挤向喷嘴309。
如图1和图2所示，所述升降机构2包括升降架201、丝杆202和2根导杆203，2根所述导杆203分别固定于壳体1内的两端，所述升降架201的两端均设有被导杆203穿过的通孔，所述丝杆202安装于壳体1内，所述升降架201套接于丝杆202。导杆203用于导向的作用，且保证升降架201稳定的 移动。具体的，第一支架305和第二支架306自上而下平行安装于升降架201。采用此设计，结构简单，安装方便。
上述的熔融堆积3D打印机的打印方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在计算机上建立目标零件的三维模型，然后用软件将三维模型进行分层切片处理，得到每一个加工层面的平面数据信息，并转化为工作平台的移动轨迹指令及升降机构带动复合挤出机构上下移动的指令；
(2)开始工作时，向加料斗11加入打印材料，打印材料通过进料管304进入机筒301的料腔3011，打印材料于料腔3011内变成熔融状态，这些熔融状态的打印材料由螺杆旋转挤压推动至喷嘴309；与此同时，连续长纤维自长纤维输送辊组307进入长纤维输送管303的输送通道3031，这些连续长纤维经过输送通道3031后，移动至喷嘴的出口的过程中被熔融的打印材料浸渍并包裹，连续长纤维及包裹其的打印材料同时自喷嘴309的出口被挤出至工作平台9相应的位置进行熔融堆积，从而完成打印。
具体的，采用本熔融堆积3D打印机进行打印时，其打印过程为：
A、首先在计算机上建立目标零件的三维模型，然后用软件将三维模型进行分层切片处理，得到每一个加工层面的平面数据信息，并转化为工作平台的移动轨迹指令及升降机构带动复合挤出机构上下移动的指令；
B、打印底部第一个切片平面层：复合挤出机构3和工作平台9处于初始位置；开始工作时，向加料斗11加入打印材料，打印材料通过进料管304进入机筒301的料腔3011，螺杆302转动对料腔3011内的打印材料进行剪切和挤压，打印材料在料腔3011内变成熔融状态，螺杆302转动将熔融的打印材料挤向喷嘴309；同步的，在的主动辊3072和从动辊3073啮合作用下，连续长纤维进入长纤维输送管303的输送通道3031，这些连续长纤维经过输送通道3031后，在输送通道3031的出口与喷嘴309内孔的入口之间，连续长纤维与熔融的打印材料汇合，则连续长纤维被熔融的打印材料浸渍并包裹，然后连续长纤维和包裹其的打印材料从喷嘴309挤出；纤维切刀308则根据指 令，在完成每一次打印轨迹后对连续长纤维进行切断，包裹着连续长纤维的打印材料熔融堆积于工作平台9，形成第一个切片平面层；
C、打印第二个切片平面层：通过丝杆202的驱动，则升降架201带动复合挤出机构上升一个工作单位高度，重复加料、打印材料螺杆旋转挤出、连续长纤维输送、纤维切断过程，完成第二个切片平面层的打印；
D、打印第三个至最后一个切片平面层：重复步骤C，打印第三个至最后一个切片平面，完成目标零件的叠层制造，即完成目标零件的熔融堆积3D打印制造。
上述具体实施方式为本发明的优选实施例，并不能对本发明进行限定，其他的任何未背离本发明的技术方案而所做的改变或其它等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种熔融堆积3D打印机，包括壳体和升降机构，所述升降机构安装于壳体内，其特征在于：还包括复合挤出机构，所述复合挤出机构包括机筒、螺杆和长纤维输送管，所述机筒的侧壁设置有与机筒的料腔连通的进料管，所述螺杆可转动的安装于料腔内，所述螺杆设有安装通道，所述安装通道连通螺杆的上端和下端；所述长纤维输送管***于安装通道中，所述长纤维输送管设有用于输送连续长纤维的输送通道；所述输送通道、安装通道和料腔依次连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的熔融堆积3D打印机，其特征在于：所述复合挤出机构还包括第一支架、第二支架和长纤维输送辊组，所述第一支架和第二支架自上而下安装于升降机构，所述长纤维输送辊组安装于第一支架，所述机筒的上端安装于第二支架，所述长纤维输送管的上端固定于第一支架，且所述长纤维输送管位于长纤维输送辊组的下方，所述长纤维输送管与长纤维输送辊组连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的熔融堆积3D打印机，其特征在于：长纤维输送辊组包括第一电机、主动辊、从动辊、主动轴和从动轴，所述第一电机安装于第一支架的侧面，所述主动轴和从动轴平行安装于第一支架上，且所述主动轴与第一电机连接，所述主动辊和从动辊分别安装于主动轴和从动轴，且所述主动辊和从动辊相对设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的熔融堆积3D打印机，其特征在于：所述长纤维输送管的输送通道的入口位于主动辊和从动辊之间的正下方。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的熔融堆积3D打印机，其特征在于：所述料腔的中心线、螺杆的中心线和长纤维输送管的中心线在同一直线上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的熔融堆积3D打印机，其特征在于：所述复合挤出机构的下方设有工作平台和支承工作平台的滑轨。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的熔融堆积3D打印机，其特征在于：所述复合 挤出机构还包括纤维切刀、喷嘴和气缸，所述喷嘴安装于机筒的出料口，所述喷嘴设有与纤维切刀匹配的切除通道，所述切除通道与喷嘴的内孔连通，所述气缸固定于机筒的下端面，所述纤维切刀安装于气缸的伸缩杆，且所述纤维切刀***切除通道。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的熔融堆积3D打印机，其特征在于：所述进料管的上端设有加料斗，所述进料管的中心线与机筒的中心线之间的夹角大小为30°～90°；所述机筒的下端设有至少1外加热圈，所述加热圈位于进料管的下方。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的熔融堆积3D打印机，其特征在于：所述第二支架的侧面设有第二电机，所述第二电机通过传动机构与螺杆连接，此传动机构为蜗轮蜗杆传动机构。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的熔融堆积3D打印机，其特征在于：所述升降机构包括升降架、丝杆和2根导杆，2根所述导杆分别固定于壳体内的两端，所述升降架的两端均设有被导杆穿过的通孔，所述丝杆安装于壳体内，所述升降架套接于丝杆。
  11. 根据权利要求1～10中任一项所述的熔融堆积3D打印机的打印方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)在计算机上建立目标零件的三维模型，然后用软件将三维模型进行分层切片处理，得到每一个加工层面的平面数据信息，并转化为工作平台的移动轨迹指令及升降机构带动复合挤出机构上下移动的指令；
    (2)开始工作时，向加料斗加入打印材料，打印材料通过进料管进入机筒的料腔，打印材料于料腔内变成熔融状态，这些熔融状态的打印材料由螺杆旋转挤压推动至喷嘴；与此同时，连续长纤维自长纤维输送辊组进入长纤维输送管的输送通道，这些连续长纤维经过输送通道后，移动至喷嘴的出口的过程中被熔融的打印材料浸渍并包裹，连续长纤维及包裹其的打印材料同时自喷嘴的出口被挤出至工作平台相应的位置进行熔融堆积，从而完成打印。
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