WO2016029629A1 - System and method for judging interior looseness of power transformer - Google Patents
System and method for judging interior looseness of power transformer Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016029629A1 WO2016029629A1 PCT/CN2015/070754 CN2015070754W WO2016029629A1 WO 2016029629 A1 WO2016029629 A1 WO 2016029629A1 CN 2015070754 W CN2015070754 W CN 2015070754W WO 2016029629 A1 WO2016029629 A1 WO 2016029629A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/72—Testing of electric windings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/62—Testing of transformers
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent substation, and particularly relates to a system for judging internal looseness of a power transformer and a method thereof.
- the loose deformation of the iron core and winding of the power transformer will pose a great threat to the safe operation of the transformer. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the running status of the transformer online and find the hidden troubles in time.
- the power transformer state monitoring method based on the vibration signal is convenient to implement, and the monitoring system has no electrical connection with the transformer, and does not affect the normal operation of the device.
- the prior art studies the vibration of the transformer. After analyzing the internal core failure of the transformer, the 100 Hz signal in the vibration signal of the fuel tank changes, and the influence of the voltage and current changes of the transformer on the vibration is analyzed.
- the 100Hz signal size is not linear with the core fault, or even monotonous, the internal transformer is loose, the fundamental frequency component of the fuel tank will increase in some positions, and some positions may be reduced. The law is not clear. Judgment is still difficult.
- the relationship of 300Hz, 150Hz and 50Hz components in the vibration signal is proposed to diagnose the loosening of the core, which improves the diagnostic accuracy.
- the overall values of the 50Hz, 150Hz, and 300Hz signals are small, and the vibration monitoring accuracy is relatively high.
- the fuel tank surface vibration signal is a vector superposition of the vibration signals generated by the vibrations inside the transformer on the fuel tank surface.
- the amplitude of the fundamental frequency component of the vibration signal is linear except for the square of the no-load voltage and the square of the current when the load is applied; when the phase core/winding of the A, B, and C phases is loose, the phase iron
- the amplitude of the 100Hz fundamental frequency component of the vibration signal of the core/winding at the corresponding position on the top or bottom of the fuel tank is larger than normal, and becomes larger as the looseness of the iron core increases.
- the other two-phase iron core/winding is at the top of the fuel tank.
- the vibration amplitude of the vibration point of the measuring point corresponding to the surface or the bottom is first decreased and then increased as the degree of looseness of the core increases. According to this rule, the loosening of the core winding can be judged and the preliminary positioning of loosening can be performed.
- the present invention aims to provide a system for judging the internal looseness of a power transformer and a method thereof, and judging the looseness of the transformer by using a 100 Hz signal in the vibration signal according to the variation characteristic of the vibration signal with the degree of looseness.
- the power transformer internal looseness judging system comprises a signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition instrument and a data analysis module connected in sequence, and further comprises three vibration sensors, wherein the three vibration sensors are respectively connected to the data acquisition device via a signal conditioning circuit;
- the vibration sensors respectively measure the three-phase vibration signals of the power transformer, and the vibration signals are amplified, filtered and noise-reduced by the signal conditioning circuit and then transmitted to the data acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition instrument transmits the collected vibration signals to the data analysis module, and the data analysis module
- the vibration signal is stored and processed, and fault diagnosis is performed.
- the invention also includes a looseness judging method based on the internal looseness judging system of the power transformer, the method is used for judging and preliminary positioning of the power transformer core looseness, and the method is performed under the no-load operation of the power transformer, and includes the following steps, wherein Steps (1)-(4) are to measure the looseness threshold when it is determined that the power transformer is not faulty, and steps (5)-(6) are to detect the looseness fault in routine maintenance:
- the data acquisition instrument samples the vibration signals detected by each vibration sensor at least 3 times in succession;
- the data analysis module filters the vibration signal intercepted in the whole cycle, and then performs time-frequency transform to obtain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor;
- the time-frequency transform in the above step (3) adopts a Fourier transform.
- a certain multiple in the above step (4) is 1.2 to 2 times.
- the invention further comprises a looseness judging method based on the internal looseness judging system of the power transformer, the method is used for judging and preliminary positioning of the looseness of the power transformer winding, and the method is performed under the load operation of the power transformer, comprising the following steps, wherein the step ( 1)-(4) is to measure the looseness threshold when determining that the power transformer is not faulty, and steps (5)-(6) are to detect the looseness fault in routine maintenance:
- the data acquisition instrument samples the vibration signals detected by each vibration sensor at least 3 times in succession;
- the data analysis module filters the vibration signal intercepted in the whole cycle, and then performs time-frequency transform to obtain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor;
- the load current of the power transformer is equal to the load current of the power transformer when the detection looseness fault is maintained.
- the amplitude of the spectral component of the vibration signal at 100 Hz is converted by the following formula:
- a x is the amplitude of the spectral component of the vibration signal at 100 Hz at any load current
- a 100 is the converted value of A x
- I 2* is the standard value of the load current of the power transformer when detecting the loose fault.
- the invention can conveniently judge the looseness of the iron core and the winding of the power transformer, and can initially locate the loose position.
- the invention utilizes the amplitude of the component at 100 Hz in the vibration signal. Since the amplitude of the 100 Hz component in the vibration signal of the transformer is large, the accuracy of the measurement system is not high, and the anti-interference ability is strong.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of the system of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the position of a suspension type power transformer vibration sensor of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of the system of the present invention, the power transformer internal looseness judging system, comprising a signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition device and a data analysis module connected in sequence, and further comprising three vibration sensors, wherein the three vibration sensors respectively
- the signal conditioning circuit is connected with the data acquisition instrument; the three vibration sensors respectively measure the three-phase vibration signal of the power transformer, and the vibration signal is amplified, filtered and noise-reduced by the signal conditioning circuit, and then transmitted to the data acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition device collects
- the vibration signal is transmitted to the data analysis module, and the data analysis module stores and processes the vibration signal and performs fault diagnosis.
- the three vibration sensors are firmly bonded to the surface of the tank with glue.
- the detected power transformer is a suspended core type power transformer
- three vibration sensors are respectively disposed at three positions corresponding to the top surface of the power transformer tank and the three-phase winding of the power transformer, as shown in FIG. 2, and 1, 2, and 3 are 3 Vibration sensor mounting position.
- the detected power transformer is a ceiling-type power transformer
- three vibration sensors are respectively disposed at three positions corresponding to the bottom surface of the power transformer tank and the three-phase winding of the power transformer.
- the present invention also includes a method for judging the looseness of the core based on the above system, and the method is performed under no-load operation of the power transformer, and includes the following steps, wherein the steps (1)-(4) are performed when determining that the power transformer is fault-free Loosening the threshold, steps (5)-(6) are to detect loose faults in routine maintenance:
- the data acquisition instrument samples the vibration signals detected by each vibration sensor at least 3 times in succession;
- the data analysis module filters the vibration signal intercepted in the whole cycle, and then performs time-frequency transform to obtain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor;
- the time-frequency transform in the above step (3) adopts a Fourier transform, and a certain multiple in the step (4) is 1.2 to 2 times.
- the invention further comprises a method for judging the looseness of the winding of the power transformer, the steps of the method being consistent with the judging and preliminary positioning method of the looseness of the iron core of the power transformer, the only difference being: when judging that the iron core is loose, The power transformer must be in no-load operation, and when it is judged that the winding is loose, the power transformer must be in a load operation state.
- the load current of the power transformer should be kept equal when the load current of the power transformer is detected and the measurement loosening threshold is detected. If it is not possible to maintain the same, you need to use the following formula to convert the amplitude of the spectral component of the vibration signal at 100 Hz:
- a x is the amplitude of the spectral component of the vibration signal at 100 Hz at any load current
- a 100 is the converted value of A x
- I 2* is the standard value of the load current of the power transformer when detecting the loose fault.
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- Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
A system and method for judging interior looseness of a power transformer. The system for judging and initially positioning interior looseness of a power transformer comprises a signal conditioning circuit, a data collection device and a data analysis module that are sequentially connected, and further comprises three vibration sensors. The three vibration sensors are connected to the data collection device through the signal conditioning circuit, and measure vibration signals of three phases of the power transformer correspondingly. The vibration signals are amplified, filtered and denoised by the signal conditioning circuit and then transmitted to the data collection device. The data collection device transmits the collected vibration signals to the data analysis module. The data analysis module stores and processes the vibration signals and carries out fault judgment. By means of the solution, the looseness fault of the transformer is judged through 100 Hz signals in the vibration signals according to the characteristic of the change of the vibration signals along with the looseness degree.
Description
本发明属于智能变电站技术领域，特别涉及了电力变压器内部松动判断***及其方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent substation, and particularly relates to a system for judging internal looseness of a power transformer and a method thereof.
电力变压器铁芯和绕组的松动变形会对变压器的安全运行产生巨大威胁，因此，对变压器运行状况进行在线监测，及时发现故障隐患具有非常重要的意义。基于振动信号的电力变压器状态监测方法实现方便，监测***与变压器没有电气联系，不影响设备正常运行。现有技术对变压器振动进行研究，分析变压器内部铁芯故障后油箱振动信号中100Hz信号会发生变化，并分析了变压器电压、电流变化对振动的影响。但因为100Hz信号大小并不与铁芯故障呈线性关系，甚至不成单调关系，变压器内部松动，油箱有些位置振动基频分量会增大，有些位置有可能还会减小，规律并不明确，直接判断依然困难。通过研究，发现变压器铁芯/绕组松动故障后50Hz、150Hz、300Hz信号发生明显变化，提出基于振动信号中300Hz、150Hz和50Hz分量的关系进行铁芯松动诊断，提高了诊断准确性。但是50Hz、150Hz、300Hz信号总体量值很小，对振动监测精度要求较高。The loose deformation of the iron core and winding of the power transformer will pose a great threat to the safe operation of the transformer. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the running status of the transformer online and find the hidden troubles in time. The power transformer state monitoring method based on the vibration signal is convenient to implement, and the monitoring system has no electrical connection with the transformer, and does not affect the normal operation of the device. The prior art studies the vibration of the transformer. After analyzing the internal core failure of the transformer, the 100 Hz signal in the vibration signal of the fuel tank changes, and the influence of the voltage and current changes of the transformer on the vibration is analyzed. However, because the 100Hz signal size is not linear with the core fault, or even monotonous, the internal transformer is loose, the fundamental frequency component of the fuel tank will increase in some positions, and some positions may be reduced. The law is not clear. Judgment is still difficult. Through research, it is found that the 50Hz, 150Hz and 300Hz signals change significantly after the transformer core/winding loosening fault. The relationship of 300Hz, 150Hz and 50Hz components in the vibration signal is proposed to diagnose the loosening of the core, which improves the diagnostic accuracy. However, the overall values of the 50Hz, 150Hz, and 300Hz signals are small, and the vibration monitoring accuracy is relatively high.
通过进一步研究，油箱表面振动信号是变压器内部各振动的产生振动信号在油箱表面测点的矢量叠加。振动信号基频分量幅值除了与空载电压的平方成线性和负载时电流平方成线性关系外；当A、B、C三相中某一相铁芯/绕组发生松动故障时，此相铁芯/绕组在油箱顶面或底部对应位置测点的振动信号100Hz基频分量幅值比正常时增大，且随铁芯松动程度增大而变大，其他两相铁芯/绕组在油箱顶面或底部对应位置测点的振动点的振动幅值随铁芯松动程度增加而先减小后增大。可根据此规律进行铁芯绕组松动判断，并进行松动初步定位。Through further research, the fuel tank surface vibration signal is a vector superposition of the vibration signals generated by the vibrations inside the transformer on the fuel tank surface. The amplitude of the fundamental frequency component of the vibration signal is linear except for the square of the no-load voltage and the square of the current when the load is applied; when the phase core/winding of the A, B, and C phases is loose, the phase iron The amplitude of the 100Hz fundamental frequency component of the vibration signal of the core/winding at the corresponding position on the top or bottom of the fuel tank is larger than normal, and becomes larger as the looseness of the iron core increases. The other two-phase iron core/winding is at the top of the fuel tank. The vibration amplitude of the vibration point of the measuring point corresponding to the surface or the bottom is first decreased and then increased as the degree of looseness of the core increases. According to this rule, the loosening of the core winding can be judged and the preliminary positioning of loosening can be performed.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明旨在提供电力变压器内部松动判断***及其方法，根据振动信号随松动程度的变化特点，利用振动信号中100Hz信号判断出变压器的松动故障。
In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention aims to provide a system for judging the internal looseness of a power transformer and a method thereof, and judging the looseness of the transformer by using a 100 Hz signal in the vibration signal according to the variation characteristic of the vibration signal with the degree of looseness.
电力变压器内部松动判断***，包含依次连接的信号调理电路、数据采集仪和数据分析模块，还包含3个振动传感器，所述3个振动传感器分别经信号调理电路与数据采集仪连接；所述3个振动传感器分别对应测量电力变压器三相的振动信号，振动信号经信号调理电路放大、滤波和降噪后传送给数据采集仪，数据采集仪将采集的振动信号传送给数据分析模块，数据分析模块对振动信号进行存储和处理，并进行故障判断。The power transformer internal looseness judging system comprises a signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition instrument and a data analysis module connected in sequence, and further comprises three vibration sensors, wherein the three vibration sensors are respectively connected to the data acquisition device via a signal conditioning circuit; The vibration sensors respectively measure the three-phase vibration signals of the power transformer, and the vibration signals are amplified, filtered and noise-reduced by the signal conditioning circuit and then transmitted to the data acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition instrument transmits the collected vibration signals to the data analysis module, and the data analysis module The vibration signal is stored and processed, and fault diagnosis is performed.
本发明还包括基于上述电力变压器内部松动判断***的松动判断方法，该方法用于电力变压器铁芯松动的判断和初步定位，且该方法是在电力变压器空载运行下进行，包括以下步骤，其中步骤(1)-(4)为在确定电力变压器无故障时测量松动阈值，步骤(5)-(6)是在日常维护中检测松动故障：The invention also includes a looseness judging method based on the internal looseness judging system of the power transformer, the method is used for judging and preliminary positioning of the power transformer core looseness, and the method is performed under the no-load operation of the power transformer, and includes the following steps, wherein Steps (1)-(4) are to measure the looseness threshold when it is determined that the power transformer is not faulty, and steps (5)-(6) are to detect the looseness fault in routine maintenance:
(1)预设采样频率和采样时间，数据采集仪连续至少3次采样各振动传感器检测到的振动信号；(1) preset sampling frequency and sampling time, the data acquisition instrument samples the vibration signals detected by each vibration sensor at least 3 times in succession;
(2)根据采样频率和采样时间，整周期截取每个振动传感器每次采样的振动信号；(2) According to the sampling frequency and the sampling time, the vibration signal of each vibration sensor is sampled every cycle;
(3)数据分析模块对整周期截取的振动信号进行滤波处理，再进行时频变换，得到各振动传感器每次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值；(3) The data analysis module filters the vibration signal intercepted in the whole cycle, and then performs time-frequency transform to obtain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor;
(4)对每个振动传感器多次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值取算数平均值，得到每个振动传感器采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量平均幅值，将该平均幅值乘以一定倍数后分别得到电力变压器三相铁芯的松动阈值CR1A、CR1B、CR1C，并将松动阈值存储于数据分析模块中；(4) The amplitude of the spectral components at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor is averaged, and the average amplitude of the spectral components at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor is obtained, and the average amplitude is obtained. After multiplying the value by a certain multiple, the loosening thresholds CR 1A , CR 1B , CR 1C of the three-phase iron core of the power transformer are respectively obtained, and the loose threshold is stored in the data analysis module;
(5)重复步骤(1)-(3)，重新得到每个振动传感器每次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值，当某一振动传感器至少连续2次其采样的振动信号100Hz处的频谱分量幅值大于该振动传感器对应相铁芯的松动阈值时，进入步骤(6)，否则返回步骤(5)；(5) Repeat steps (1)-(3) to regain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in each vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor. When a vibration sensor is at least 2 times, the sampled vibration signal is at 100 Hz. When the amplitude of the spectral component is greater than the loosening threshold of the corresponding phase core of the vibration sensor, the process proceeds to step (6), otherwise returns to step (5);
(6)各振动传感器某次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值与其对应相铁芯的松动阈值的比值分别表示为λ1A、λ1B和λ1C：(6) The ratio of the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz and the loosening threshold of the corresponding phase core in the vibration signal of each vibration sensor is expressed as λ 1A , λ 1B and λ 1C :
当3个比值中最大比值大于2，且其余2个比值均不大于1时，判断电力变压器存在明显的铁芯松动，且最大比值对应的电力变压器的该相铁芯存在松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 2, and the other two ratios are not greater than 1, it is judged that the power transformer has obvious core looseness, and the phase core of the power transformer corresponding to the maximum ratio is loose;
当3个比值中最大比值大于2，且其余2个比值至少有1个比值大于1时，仅判断出电力变压器存在明显的铁芯松动；
When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 2, and the ratio of the remaining two ratios is at least one ratio greater than 1, only the power core is judged to have obvious core looseness;
当3个比值中最大比值大于1且小于2时，仅能判断出电力变压器存在微小的铁芯松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 1 and less than 2, only the small core loosening of the power transformer can be judged;
当3个比值中最大比值不大于1时，判断出电力变压器不存在铁芯松动。When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is not more than 1, it is judged that the power transformer does not have loose core.
其中，上述步骤(3)中的时频变换采用傅里叶变换。Wherein, the time-frequency transform in the above step (3) adopts a Fourier transform.
其中，上述步骤(4)中的一定倍数为1.2～2倍。Among them, a certain multiple in the above step (4) is 1.2 to 2 times.
本发明还包括基于上述电力变压器内部松动判断***的松动判断方法，该方法用于电力变压器绕组松动的判断和初步定位，且该方法是在电力变压器负载运行下进行，包括以下步骤，其中步骤(1)-(4)为在确定电力变压器无故障时测量松动阈值，步骤(5)-(6)是在日常维护中检测松动故障：The invention further comprises a looseness judging method based on the internal looseness judging system of the power transformer, the method is used for judging and preliminary positioning of the looseness of the power transformer winding, and the method is performed under the load operation of the power transformer, comprising the following steps, wherein the step ( 1)-(4) is to measure the looseness threshold when determining that the power transformer is not faulty, and steps (5)-(6) are to detect the looseness fault in routine maintenance:
(1)预设采样频率和采样时间，数据采集仪连续至少3次采样各振动传感器检测到的振动信号；(1) preset sampling frequency and sampling time, the data acquisition instrument samples the vibration signals detected by each vibration sensor at least 3 times in succession;
(2)根据采样频率和采样时间，整周期截取每个振动传感器每次采样的振动信号；(2) According to the sampling frequency and the sampling time, the vibration signal of each vibration sensor is sampled every cycle;
(3)数据分析模块对整周期截取的振动信号进行滤波处理，再进行时频变换，得到各振动传感器每次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值；(3) The data analysis module filters the vibration signal intercepted in the whole cycle, and then performs time-frequency transform to obtain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor;
(4)对每个振动传感器多次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值取算数平均值，得到每个振动传感器采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量平均幅值，将该平均幅值乘以一定倍数后分别得到电力变压器三相绕组的松动阈值CR2A、CR2B、CR2C，并将松动阈值存储于数据分析模块中；(4) The amplitude of the spectral components at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor is averaged, and the average amplitude of the spectral components at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor is obtained, and the average amplitude is obtained. After multiplying the value by a certain multiple, the loosening thresholds CR 2A , CR 2B , CR 2C of the three-phase winding of the power transformer are respectively obtained, and the loose threshold is stored in the data analysis module;
(5)重复步骤(1)-(3)，重新得到每个振动传感器每次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值，当某一振动传感器至少连续2次其采样的振动信号100Hz处的频谱分量幅值大于该振动传感器对应相绕组的松动阈值时，进入步骤(6)，否则返回步骤(5)；(5) Repeat steps (1)-(3) to regain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in each vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor. When a vibration sensor is at least 2 times, the sampled vibration signal is at 100 Hz. When the amplitude of the spectral component is greater than the loose threshold of the corresponding phase winding of the vibration sensor, the process proceeds to step (6), otherwise returns to step (5);
(6)各振动传感器某次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值与其对应相绕组的松动阈值的比值分别表示为λ2A、λ2B和λ2C：(6) The ratio of the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz and the loosening threshold of the corresponding phase winding in the vibration signal of each vibration sensor is expressed as λ 2A , λ 2B and λ 2C :
当3个比值中最大比值大于2，且其余2个比值均不大于1时，判断电力变压器存在明显的绕组松动，且最大比值对应的电力变压器的该相绕组存在松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 2, and the other two ratios are not greater than 1, it is judged that the power transformer has obvious winding looseness, and the phase winding of the power transformer corresponding to the maximum ratio is loose;
当3个比值中最大比值大于2，且其余2个比值至少有1个比值大于1时，仅判断出电力变压器存在明显的绕组松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 2, and at least one ratio of the remaining two ratios is greater than 1, only the significant winding looseness of the power transformer is determined;
当3个比值中最大比值大于1且小于2时，仅判断出电力变压器存在微小的绕
组松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 1 and less than 2, only the power transformer is judged to have a slight winding
Loose group
当3个比值中最大比值不大于1时，判断出电力变压器不存在绕组松动。When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is not more than 1, it is judged that there is no looseness of the winding in the power transformer.
其中，保持检测松动故障时电力变压器的负载电流与测量松动阈值时电力变压器的负载电流相等。Wherein, the load current of the power transformer is equal to the load current of the power transformer when the detection looseness fault is maintained.
其中，若检测松动故障时电力变压器的负载电流与测量松动阈值时电力变压器的负载电流存在偏差，则用下式折合振动信号在100Hz处的频谱分量幅值：Wherein, if the load current of the power transformer is deviated from the load current of the power transformer when the looseness fault is detected, the amplitude of the spectral component of the vibration signal at 100 Hz is converted by the following formula:
上式中，Ax是任意负载电流下振动信号在100Hz处的频谱分量幅值，A100是Ax的折合值，I2*是检测松动故障时电力变压器负载电流的标幺值。In the above formula, A x is the amplitude of the spectral component of the vibration signal at 100 Hz at any load current, A 100 is the converted value of A x , and I 2* is the standard value of the load current of the power transformer when detecting the loose fault.
采用上述技术方案带来的有益效果：The beneficial effects brought by the above technical solutions:
本发明能够方便地判断出电力变压器铁芯、绕组松动，并且能对松动位置初步定位。本发明利用了振动信号中100Hz处的分量幅值，由于变压器振动信号中100Hz分量幅值较大，所以对测量***精度要求不高，且抗干扰能力较强。The invention can conveniently judge the looseness of the iron core and the winding of the power transformer, and can initially locate the loose position. The invention utilizes the amplitude of the component at 100 Hz in the vibration signal. Since the amplitude of the 100 Hz component in the vibration signal of the transformer is large, the accuracy of the measurement system is not high, and the anti-interference ability is strong.
图1是本发明的***结构框图；Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of the system of the present invention;
图2是本发明吊芯式电力变压器振动传感器的位置示意图。2 is a schematic view showing the position of a suspension type power transformer vibration sensor of the present invention.
以下将结合附图，对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示本发明的***结构框图，电力变压器内部松动判断***，包含依次连接的信号调理电路、数据采集仪和数据分析模块，还包含3个振动传感器，所述3个振动传感器分别经信号调理电路与数据采集仪连接；所述3个振动传感器分别对应测量电力变压器三相的振动信号，振动信号经信号调理电路放大、滤波和降噪后传送给数据采集仪，数据采集仪将采集的振动信号传送给数据分析模块，数据分析模块对振动信号进行存储和处理，并进行故障判断。FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of the system of the present invention, the power transformer internal looseness judging system, comprising a signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition device and a data analysis module connected in sequence, and further comprising three vibration sensors, wherein the three vibration sensors respectively The signal conditioning circuit is connected with the data acquisition instrument; the three vibration sensors respectively measure the three-phase vibration signal of the power transformer, and the vibration signal is amplified, filtered and noise-reduced by the signal conditioning circuit, and then transmitted to the data acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition device collects The vibration signal is transmitted to the data analysis module, and the data analysis module stores and processes the vibration signal and performs fault diagnosis.
在本实施例中，3个振动传感器用胶牢固地粘接在油箱表面。当检测的电力变压器为吊芯式电力变压器，3个振动传感器分别设置在电力变压器油箱顶面与电力变压器三相绕组对应的3个位置，如图2所示，1、2、3号即3个振动传感器安装位置。当检测的电力变压器为吊罩式电力变压器，3个振动传感器分别设置在电力变压器油箱底面与电力变压器三相绕组对应的3个位置。
In the present embodiment, the three vibration sensors are firmly bonded to the surface of the tank with glue. When the detected power transformer is a suspended core type power transformer, three vibration sensors are respectively disposed at three positions corresponding to the top surface of the power transformer tank and the three-phase winding of the power transformer, as shown in FIG. 2, and 1, 2, and 3 are 3 Vibration sensor mounting position. When the detected power transformer is a ceiling-type power transformer, three vibration sensors are respectively disposed at three positions corresponding to the bottom surface of the power transformer tank and the three-phase winding of the power transformer.
本发明还包括基于上述***的铁芯松动的判断方法，且该方法是在电力变压器空载运行下进行，包括以下步骤，其中步骤(1)-(4)为在确定电力变压器无故障时测量松动阈值，步骤(5)-(6)是在日常维护中检测松动故障：The present invention also includes a method for judging the looseness of the core based on the above system, and the method is performed under no-load operation of the power transformer, and includes the following steps, wherein the steps (1)-(4) are performed when determining that the power transformer is fault-free Loosening the threshold, steps (5)-(6) are to detect loose faults in routine maintenance:
(1)预设采样频率和采样时间，数据采集仪连续至少3次采样各振动传感器检测到的振动信号；(1) preset sampling frequency and sampling time, the data acquisition instrument samples the vibration signals detected by each vibration sensor at least 3 times in succession;
(2)根据采样频率和采样时间，整周期截取每个振动传感器每次采样的振动信号；(2) According to the sampling frequency and the sampling time, the vibration signal of each vibration sensor is sampled every cycle;
(3)数据分析模块对整周期截取的振动信号进行滤波处理，再进行时频变换，得到各振动传感器每次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值；(3) The data analysis module filters the vibration signal intercepted in the whole cycle, and then performs time-frequency transform to obtain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor;
(4)对每个振动传感器多次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值取算数平均值，得到每个振动传感器采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量平均幅值，将该平均幅值乘以一定倍数后分别得到电力变压器三相铁芯的松动阈值CR1A、CR1B、CR1C，并将松动阈值存储于数据分析模块中；(4) The amplitude of the spectral components at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor is averaged, and the average amplitude of the spectral components at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor is obtained, and the average amplitude is obtained. After multiplying the value by a certain multiple, the loosening thresholds CR 1A , CR 1B , CR 1C of the three-phase iron core of the power transformer are respectively obtained, and the loose threshold is stored in the data analysis module;
(5)重复步骤(1)-(3)，重新得到每个振动传感器每次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值，当某一振动传感器至少2次其采样的振动信号100Hz处的频谱分量幅值大于该振动传感器对应相铁芯的松动阈值时，进入步骤(6)，否则返回步骤(5)；(5) Repeat steps (1)-(3) to regain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in each vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor. When a vibration sensor is at least 2 times its sampled vibration signal is at 100 Hz. When the amplitude of the spectral component is greater than the loosening threshold of the corresponding phase core of the vibration sensor, the process proceeds to step (6), otherwise returns to step (5);
(6)各振动传感器某次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值与其对应相铁芯的松动阈值的比值分别表示为λ1A、λ1B和λ1C：(6) The ratio of the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz and the loosening threshold of the corresponding phase core in the vibration signal of each vibration sensor is expressed as λ 1A , λ 1B and λ 1C :
当3个比值中最大比值大于2，且其余2个比值均不大于1时，判断电力变压器存在明显的铁芯松动，且最大比值对应的电力变压器的该相铁芯存在松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 2, and the other two ratios are not greater than 1, it is judged that the power transformer has obvious core looseness, and the phase core of the power transformer corresponding to the maximum ratio is loose;
当3个比值中最大比值大于2，且其余2个比值至少有1个比值大于1时，仅判断出电力变压器存在明显的铁芯松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 2, and the ratio of the remaining two ratios is at least one ratio greater than 1, only the power core is judged to have obvious core looseness;
当3个比值中最大比值大于1且小于2时，仅能判断出电力变压器存在微小的铁芯松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 1 and less than 2, only the small core loosening of the power transformer can be judged;
当3个比值中最大比值不大于1时，判断出电力变压器不存在铁芯松动。When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is not more than 1, it is judged that the power transformer does not have loose core.
在本实施例中，上述步骤(3)中的时频变换采用傅里叶变换，步骤(4)中的一定倍数为1.2～2倍。In the present embodiment, the time-frequency transform in the above step (3) adopts a Fourier transform, and a certain multiple in the step (4) is 1.2 to 2 times.
本发明还包含用于电力变压器绕组松动的判断方法，该方法的步骤与上述电力变压器铁芯松动的判断和初步定位方法一致，唯一的区别在于：判断铁芯松动时，
电力变压器必须处于空载运行状态，而判断绕组松动时，电力变压器必须处于负载运行状态。The invention further comprises a method for judging the looseness of the winding of the power transformer, the steps of the method being consistent with the judging and preliminary positioning method of the looseness of the iron core of the power transformer, the only difference being: when judging that the iron core is loose,
The power transformer must be in no-load operation, and when it is judged that the winding is loose, the power transformer must be in a load operation state.
在判断绕组松动时，检测松动故障时电力变压器的负载电流与测量松动阈值时电力变压器的负载电流应该保持相等。若无法保持相等，则需要用下式折合振动信号在100Hz处的频谱分量幅值：When judging that the winding is loose, the load current of the power transformer should be kept equal when the load current of the power transformer is detected and the measurement loosening threshold is detected. If it is not possible to maintain the same, you need to use the following formula to convert the amplitude of the spectral component of the vibration signal at 100 Hz:
上式中，Ax是任意负载电流下振动信号在100Hz处的频谱分量幅值，A100是Ax的折合值，I2*是检测松动故障时电力变压器负载电流的标幺值。In the above formula, A x is the amplitude of the spectral component of the vibration signal at 100 Hz at any load current, A 100 is the converted value of A x , and I 2* is the standard value of the load current of the power transformer when detecting the loose fault.
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内。
The above embodiments are only for explaining the technical idea of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification made based on the technical idea according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention. Inside.
Claims (7)
- 电力变压器内部松动判断***，其特征在于：包含依次连接的信号调理电路、数据采集仪和数据分析模块，还包含3个振动传感器，所述3个振动传感器分别经信号调理电路与数据采集仪连接；所述3个振动传感器分别对应测量电力变压器三相的振动信号，振动信号经信号调理电路放大、滤波和降噪后传送给数据采集仪，数据采集仪将采集的振动信号传送给数据分析模块，数据分析模块对振动信号进行存储和处理，并进行故障判断。The power transformer internal looseness judging system is characterized in that: a signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition instrument and a data analysis module are sequentially connected, and further comprises three vibration sensors, wherein the three vibration sensors are respectively connected to the data acquisition device via the signal conditioning circuit The three vibration sensors respectively measure the vibration signals of the three phases of the power transformer, and the vibration signals are amplified, filtered and noise-reduced by the signal conditioning circuit, and then transmitted to the data acquisition instrument, and the data acquisition instrument transmits the collected vibration signals to the data analysis module. The data analysis module stores and processes the vibration signal and performs fault diagnosis.
- 基于权利要求1所述电力变压器内部松动判断***的松动判断方法，其特征在于：该方法用于电力变压器铁芯松动的判断和初步定位，且该方法是在电力变压器空载运行下进行，包括以下步骤：The method for judging looseness of a power transformer internal looseness judging system according to claim 1, wherein the method is used for judging and preliminary positioning of a power transformer core looseness, and the method is performed under a no-load operation of the power transformer, including The following steps:(1)预设采样频率和采样时间，数据采集仪连续至少3次采样各振动传感器检测到的振动信号；(1) preset sampling frequency and sampling time, the data acquisition instrument samples the vibration signals detected by each vibration sensor at least 3 times in succession;(2)根据采样频率和采样时间，整周期截取每个振动传感器每次采样的振动信号；(2) According to the sampling frequency and the sampling time, the vibration signal of each vibration sensor is sampled every cycle;(3)数据分析模块对整周期截取的振动信号进行滤波处理，再进行时频变换，得到各振动传感器每次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值；(3) The data analysis module filters the vibration signal intercepted in the whole cycle, and then performs time-frequency transform to obtain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor;(4)对每个振动传感器多次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值取算数平均值，得到每个振动传感器采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量平均幅值，将该平均幅值乘以一定倍数后分别得到电力变压器三相铁芯的松动阈值CR1A、CR1B、CR1C，并将松动阈值存储于数据分析模块中；(4) The amplitude of the spectral components at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor is averaged, and the average amplitude of the spectral components at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor is obtained, and the average amplitude is obtained. After multiplying the value by a certain multiple, the loosening thresholds CR 1A , CR 1B , CR 1C of the three-phase iron core of the power transformer are respectively obtained, and the loose threshold is stored in the data analysis module;(5)当需要对电力变压器进行松动检测时，重复步骤(1)-(3)，重新得到每个振动传感器每次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值，当某一振动传感器至少连续2次其采样的振动信号100Hz处的频谱分量幅值大于该振动传感器对应相铁芯的松动阈值时，进入步骤(6)，否则返回步骤(5)；(5) When it is necessary to perform looseness detection on the power transformer, repeat steps (1)-(3) to regain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz of each vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor, when at least one vibration sensor When the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz of the vibration signal sampled twice consecutively is greater than the looseness threshold of the corresponding phase core of the vibration sensor, the process proceeds to step (6), otherwise returns to step (5);(6)各振动传感器某次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值与其对应相铁芯的松动阈值的比值分别表示为λ1A、λ1B和λ1C：(6) The ratio of the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz and the loosening threshold of the corresponding phase core in the vibration signal of each vibration sensor is expressed as λ 1A , λ 1B and λ 1C :当3个比值中最大比值大于2，且其余2个比值均不大于1时，判断电力变压器存在明显的铁芯松动，且最大比值对应的电力变压器的该相铁芯存在松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 2, and the other two ratios are not greater than 1, it is judged that the power transformer has obvious core looseness, and the phase core of the power transformer corresponding to the maximum ratio is loose;当3个比值中最大比值大于2，且其余2个比值至少有1个比值大于1时，仅 判断出电力变压器存在明显的铁芯松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 2, and the remaining two ratios have at least one ratio greater than 1, only Judging that the power transformer has obvious core looseness;当3个比值中最大比值大于1且小于2时，仅能判断出电力变压器存在微小的铁芯松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 1 and less than 2, only the small core loosening of the power transformer can be judged;当3个比值中最大比值不大于1时，判断出电力变压器不存在铁芯松动。When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is not more than 1, it is judged that the power transformer does not have loose core.
- 根据权利要求2所述基于电力变压器内部松动判断***的松动判断方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中的时频变换采用傅里叶变换。The looseness judging method based on the internal looseness judging system of the power transformer according to claim 2, wherein the time-frequency transform in the step (3) adopts a Fourier transform.
- 根据权利要求2所述基于电力变压器内部松动判断***的松动判断方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中的一定倍数为1.2～2倍。The looseness judging method based on the internal looseness judging system of the power transformer according to claim 2, wherein a certain multiple in the step (4) is 1.2 to 2 times.
- 基于权利要求1所述电力变压器内部松动判断***的松动判断方法，其特征在于：该方法用于电力变压器绕组松动的判断和初步定位，且该方法是在电力变压器负载运行下进行，包括以下步骤：The method for judging looseness of a power transformer internal looseness judging system according to claim 1, wherein the method is used for judging and preliminary positioning of a power transformer winding looseness, and the method is performed under power transformer load operation, and includes the following steps. :(1)预设采样频率和采样时间，数据采集仪连续至少3次采样各振动传感器检测到的振动信号；(1) preset sampling frequency and sampling time, the data acquisition instrument samples the vibration signals detected by each vibration sensor at least 3 times in succession;(2)根据采样频率和采样时间，整周期截取每个振动传感器每次采样的振动信号；(2) According to the sampling frequency and the sampling time, the vibration signal of each vibration sensor is sampled every cycle;(3)数据分析模块对整周期截取的振动信号进行滤波处理，再进行时频变换，得到各振动传感器每次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值；(3) The data analysis module filters the vibration signal intercepted in the whole cycle, and then performs time-frequency transform to obtain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor;(4)对每个振动传感器多次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值取算数平均值，得到每个振动传感器采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量平均幅值，将该平均幅值乘以一定倍数后分别得到电力变压器三相绕组的松动阈值CR2A、CR2B、CR2C，并将松动阈值存储于数据分析模块中；(4) The amplitude of the spectral components at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor is averaged, and the average amplitude of the spectral components at 100 Hz in the vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor is obtained, and the average amplitude is obtained. After multiplying the value by a certain multiple, the loosening thresholds CR 2A , CR 2B , CR 2C of the three-phase winding of the power transformer are respectively obtained, and the loose threshold is stored in the data analysis module;(5)当需要对电力变压器进行松动检测时，重复步骤(1)-(3)，重新得到每个振动传感器每次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值，当某一振动传感器至少连续2次其采样的振动信号100Hz处的频谱分量幅值大于该振动传感器对应相绕组的松动阈值时，进入步骤(6)，否则返回步骤(5)；(5) When it is necessary to perform looseness detection on the power transformer, repeat steps (1)-(3) to regain the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz of each vibration signal sampled by each vibration sensor, when at least one vibration sensor When the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz of the vibration signal sampled twice consecutively is greater than the looseness threshold of the corresponding phase winding of the vibration sensor, the process proceeds to step (6), otherwise returns to step (5);(6)各振动传感器某次采样的振动信号中100Hz处的频谱分量幅值与其对应相绕组的松动阈值的比值分别表示为λ2A、λ2B和λ2C：(6) The ratio of the amplitude of the spectral component at 100 Hz and the loosening threshold of the corresponding phase winding in the vibration signal of each vibration sensor is expressed as λ 2A , λ 2B and λ 2C :当3个比值中最大比值大于2，且其余2个比值均不大于1时，判断电力变压器存在明显的绕组松动，且最大比值对应的电力变压器的该相绕组存在松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 2, and the other two ratios are not greater than 1, it is judged that the power transformer has obvious winding looseness, and the phase winding of the power transformer corresponding to the maximum ratio is loose;当3个比值中最大比值大于2，且其余2个比值至少有1个比值大于1时，仅 判断出电力变压器存在明显的绕组松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 2, and the remaining two ratios have at least one ratio greater than 1, only Judging that the power transformer has obvious winding looseness;当3个比值中最大比值大于1且小于2时，仅判断出电力变压器存在微小的绕组松动；When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is greater than 1 and less than 2, only the small winding looseness of the power transformer is determined;当3个比值中最大比值不大于1时，判断出电力变压器不存在绕组松动。When the maximum ratio of the three ratios is not more than 1, it is judged that there is no looseness of the winding in the power transformer.
- 根据权利要求5所述基于电力变压器内部松动判断***的松动判断方法，其特征在于：保持检测松动故障时电力变压器的负载电流与测量松动阈值时电力变压器的负载电流相等。The looseness judging method based on the internal looseness judging system of the power transformer according to claim 5, wherein the load current of the power transformer is equal to the load current of the power transformer when the looseness threshold is detected while maintaining the looseness fault.
- 根据权利要求5所述基于电力变压器内部松动判断***的松动判断方法，其特征在于：若检测松动故障时电力变压器的负载电流与测量松动阈值时电力变压器的负载电流存在偏差，则用下式折合振动信号在100Hz处的频谱分量幅值：The looseness judging method based on the internal looseness judging system of the power transformer according to claim 5, wherein if the load current of the power transformer is deviated from the load current of the power transformer when the looseness threshold is detected, the following formula is used The amplitude of the spectral components of the vibration signal at 100 Hz:
上式中，Ax是任意负载电流下振动信号在100Hz处的频谱分量幅值，A100是Ax的折合值，I2*是检测松动故障时电力变压器负载电流的标幺值。 In the above formula, A x is the amplitude of the spectral component of the vibration signal at 100 Hz at any load current, A 100 is the converted value of A x , and I 2* is the standard value of the load current of the power transformer when detecting the loose fault.
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