WO2015176345A1 - 垂直轴波浪发电机 - Google Patents

垂直轴波浪发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015176345A1
WO2015176345A1 PCT/CN2014/080641 CN2014080641W WO2015176345A1 WO 2015176345 A1 WO2015176345 A1 WO 2015176345A1 CN 2014080641 W CN2014080641 W CN 2014080641W WO 2015176345 A1 WO2015176345 A1 WO 2015176345A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
rotating shaft
wave generator
vertical axis
generator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/080641
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶家玮
邱守强
王冬姣
梁富琳
Original Assignee
华南理工大学
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Application filed by 华南理工大学 filed Critical 华南理工大学
Publication of WO2015176345A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015176345A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a marine wave energy generating device, and more particularly to a vertical axis wave generator that directly generates power using wave energy.
  • wave energy has the characteristics of large reserves and small development and environmental impact, and has become the focus of marine energy development and utilization.
  • the development and application of wave power generation will be another new energy industry direction after the wind power and solar power industries.
  • wave power generation is a technology for obtaining energy in complex marine environments. It has high requirements for sea state adaptability and high sea state survivability. The difficulty lies in how to break through the continuous stability of energy conversion and the efficiency of energy absorption. Key technologies such as reliability of plant operation and survivability in harsh environments.
  • the current wave power generation devices mainly include an oscillating water column type, a pendulum type, an oscillating float type, etc.
  • the main problems of these power generation devices are concentrated in the energy conversion and the transmission mechanism are subjected to a large impact force, the energy obtained is discontinuous and the stability is poor, so the energy
  • the intermediate energy storage device is required in the transmission link, which increases the construction cost and the complexity of the device, and affects the power generation quality and reliability of the power generation device.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the technical problems in the field of wave power generation described above and to provide a vertical axis wave generator which is possible to industrially utilize wave energy to generate electricity.
  • a vertical axis wave generator comprising a blade, a rotating shaft, a pillar, a water platform exposing the sea level, a generator and a blade height lifting device and a control device disposed on the water platform, and a base fixed to the rotating shaft in a circumferential direction
  • the inside of the rotating shaft is nested at the upper end of the pillar through a bearing, the lower end of the pillar is fixedly connected with the base, the water platform is fixed at the upper end of the pillar, and the generator is drivingly connected with the output end of the rotating shaft, the blade height A lifting device is disposed at the upper end of the rotating shaft for adjusting the draft of the blade, and the control device is coupled to the generator circuit for controlling the continuous stable output of the electrical energy.
  • the circumferential rotation of the blade can be directly connected with the input shaft of the generator, which eliminates the complexity of the energy transmission and energy storage regulation of the general wave power generation device through the intermediate link, effectively improving the conversion efficiency of the wave energy and Power generation quality, at the same time easier to meet the continuous stability requirements of power output; blade height lifting device, adjust the blade's draft to adapt to different tide levels, while large waves or typhoons can increase the blade to the water surface can play a role in protecting the blade.
  • the base is a floating floating foundation with a ballast tank built therein, the floating foundation being suspended in seawater and anchored by the anchor structure to the seabed.
  • ballast tank is provided with an inlet and outlet pipe and an intake and exhaust pipe for raising or diveing the floating foundation through the intake or the drainage water.
  • the water intake and discharge functions are implemented using pumps and/or compressed air.
  • ballast tank is further provided with a liquid level sensor that feedbacks the water depth data in the cabin in real time.
  • the base is a stationary reinforced concrete structure, and the sinking table is directly fixed on the seabed.
  • the base is a gravity type sinker that sinks to the seabed.
  • the gravity type sinking body is a gravity type bracket, a jacket frame, a reinforced concrete or a multi-sinking block.
  • the cross section of the blade is of an airfoil type.
  • the number of the blades is one or more; the blades may adopt a plurality of airfoil types, the blades may be fixed relative to the rotating shaft or may be adjustable in the direction of the blade extension; the blade angle of attack is fixed or adjustable
  • the blades may also be provided with front or rear flaps, or other measures to improve the lift-to-drag ratio characteristics or to increase efficiency.
  • the water platform is a cubic or cylindrical hollow structure, which ensures that the device can provide reserve buoyancy when the large waves enter the water, thereby increasing the stability of the device.
  • the vertical axis wave generator offshore arrangement is independent of the direction of the incident wave; its circumferential rotation form can be directly connected to the generator input shaft, eliminating the need for the general wave power generation device to carry out energy transfer and energy storage through the intermediate link.
  • the complexity of the pressure effectively improves the conversion efficiency and power generation quality of the wave energy, while satisfying the continuous stability of the power output, saving engineering cost.
  • the structural form of the floating arrangement can effectively realize the deep sea work of the wave power generation device and expand the working space of the device; the device can be prefabricated on the shore and hauled to the specified sea area for installation, saving construction time, reducing construction cost and improving
  • the device is safe to work, easy to maintain, high in reliability, and improves the life cycle of the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a vertical-axis wave generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A - A of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a vertical-axis wave generator of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B - B of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a vertical-axis wave generator of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the figure shows: 1- Control device; 2- Water platform; 3- Rotary shaft; 4-blade; 5-pillar; 6- Floating foundation; 7- anchor structure; 8-seabed; 9-sinking platform; 10-gravity bracket.
  • the vertical axis wave generator includes the blade 4, the rotating shaft 3, the pillar 5, and the water platform exposed to the sea level. 2.
  • the generator and the blade height lifting device and the control device 1 and the base disposed on the water platform 2, wherein the base is a floating floating foundation 6 with a ballast tank built therein, the floating foundation 6 Suspended in seawater and anchored by the anchorage structure 7 to the seabed 8 .
  • the blade 4 has a cross-section of an airfoil type, the number of which is 6 and is fixed to the rotating shaft in the circumferential direction.
  • the direction of rotation is independent of the direction of the incident wave; the inside of the rotating shaft 3 is nested at the upper end of the strut 5 by a bearing, and the lower end of the strut 5 is fixedly connected to the base, and the water platform 2 is fixed to the strut 5
  • the generator is drivingly coupled to the output end of the rotating shaft 3
  • the blade height raising device is disposed on the rotating shaft 3
  • the upper end is for adjusting the draft of the blade
  • the control device is coupled to the generator circuit for controlling the continuous stable output of the electrical energy.
  • Blade 4 The circular rotation form can be directly connected with the generator input shaft, eliminating the complexity of the general wave power generation device through the intermediate link for energy transfer and energy storage voltage regulation, effectively improving the wave energy conversion efficiency and power generation. Quality, and at the same time easier to meet the continuous stability requirements of power output; blade height lifting device, adjusting blade The draft of 4 can adapt to different tidal levels. At the same time, when the big wave or typhoon can raise the blade above the water surface, it can protect the blade 4.
  • the blade 4 can adopt various airfoil types, and the blade 4 It can be fixed relative to the rotating shaft or can be adjusted along the direction of the blade 4; the blade 4 can be adjusted or adjusted, the blade 4 It can also be equipped with front or rear flaps, or other measures to improve the lift-to-drag ratio characteristics or increase efficiency.
  • the ballast tank is provided with an inlet and outlet pipe and an intake and exhaust pipe for raising or dive of the floating foundation 6 through intake or drainage or water inflow and exhaust.
  • the water intake and discharge functions are implemented using pumps and/or compressed air.
  • the ballast tank is further provided with a liquid level sensor for real-time feedback of the water depth data in the cabin, which is convenient for monitoring the water level in the ballast tank.
  • the water platform 2 For a cubic or cylindrical hollow structure, the present embodiment adopts a hollow cubic structure to ensure that the device can provide reserve buoyancy when the large waves enter the water, thereby increasing the stability of the device.
  • the entire installation can be hauled by the tugboat to the intended sea area for deployment after completion of shore construction, and towed to the port or shipyard for maintenance when maintenance is required.
  • the floating foundation can be used when the device is deployed and recycled.
  • the internal ballast tank performs the inflow and outflow and the intake and outlet drainage to control the lifting and posture adjustment of the entire device, and is anchored to the seabed by the anchoring structure 7 when the entire device is dive to a predetermined water depth.
  • a plurality of vertical-axis wave generators can be arranged in the same sea area during the construction, and arranged in the form of an array to realize a large-scale output of electric energy.
  • the wave energy generator provided in this embodiment can be used for power generation, and can also be used for hydrogen production and seawater desalination.
  • the vertical axis wave generator includes the blade 4, the rotating shaft 3, the pillar 5, and the water platform exposed to the sea level. 2.
  • the blade 4 has a cross-section of an airfoil type, the number of which is 6 and is fixed to the rotating shaft 3 in the circumferential direction, and the direction of rotation is independent of the direction of the incident wave; the rotating shaft 3
  • the inner portion is nested at the upper end of the strut 5 through a bearing, and the lower end of the strut 5 is fixedly connected to the base, and the water platform 2 is fixed at the upper end of the strut 5, and the generator and the rotating shaft 3
  • the output drive connection is provided at the upper end of the rotary shaft 3 for adjusting the draft of the blade, and the control device is coupled to the generator circuit for controlling the continuous stable output of the electrical energy.
  • the circumferential rotation of the blade can be directly connected with the input shaft of the generator, which eliminates the complexity of the energy transmission and energy storage regulation of the general wave power generation device through the intermediate link, effectively improving the conversion efficiency of the wave energy and Power generation quality, and it is easy to meet the continuous stability requirements of power output; blade height lifting device, adjusting blade 4 draughts to adapt to different tide levels, while large waves or typhoons can increase the blade 4 to above the water surface to protect the blades.
  • the blades 4 can adopt a variety of airfoil types, the blades 4 It can be fixed relative to the rotating shaft or can be adjusted along the extension direction of the blade 4; the blade angle of attack can be fixed or adjustable, and the blade 4 can also be attached with front or rear flaps, or other improved lift-to-drag ratio characteristics or improved efficiency. Measures.
  • the ballast tank is further provided with a liquid level sensor for real-time feedback of the water depth data in the cabin, which is convenient for monitoring the water level in the ballast tank.
  • the water platform 2 For a cubic or cylindrical hollow structure, the present embodiment adopts a hollow cubic structure to ensure that the device can provide reserve buoyancy when the large waves enter the water, thereby increasing the stability of the device.
  • the sinking table 9 is a square or circular hollow box structure, and after being prefabricated on the shore, it is hauled to a predetermined sea area for dive positioning and fixed to the seabed. 8. The rest can be hauled by the tugboat to the scheduled sea area after the construction on the shore is completed, so that the pillar 5 is fixedly connected with the Shentai 9 and the pillar 5 and the sinking table are required for maintenance. After being disengaged, haul to the port or shipyard for maintenance.
  • a plurality of vertical-axis wave generators can be arranged in the same sea area during the construction, and arranged in the form of an array to realize a large-scale output of electric energy.
  • the wave energy generator provided in this embodiment can be used for power generation, and can also be used for hydrogen production and seawater desalination.
  • the vertical axis wave generator includes the blade 4, the rotating shaft 3, the pillar 5, and the water platform exposed to the sea level 2
  • the gravity type sinking body, the gravity type sinking body can be a gravity type bracket 10, a jacket frame, a reinforced concrete or a multi-sinking block, and the gravity type bracket 10 is used in this embodiment.
  • the cross section of the blade 4 is a wing type, and the number is 6 , fixed in the circumferential direction on the rotating shaft 3, the direction of rotation is independent of the direction of the incident wave; the inside of the rotating shaft 3 is nested by the bearing at the upper end of the pillar 5, the pillar 5
  • the lower end is fixedly coupled to the base, the water platform 2 is fixed to the upper end of the strut 5, the generator is drivingly coupled to the output end of the rotating shaft 3, and the blade height lifting device is disposed at the upper end of the rotating shaft 3 for adjusting the blade
  • the draught depth of 4 the control device is coupled to the generator circuit for controlling the continuous steady output of electrical energy.
  • the circumferential rotation of the blade can be directly connected with the input shaft of the generator, which eliminates the complexity of the energy transmission and energy storage regulation of the general wave power generation device through the intermediate link, effectively improving the conversion efficiency of the wave energy and Power generation quality, and it is easy to meet the continuous stability requirements of power output; blade height lifting device, adjusting blade 4 draughts to adapt to different tide levels, while large waves or typhoons can increase the blade 4 to above the water surface to protect the blade 4
  • the blade can adopt various airfoil types as needed, and the blade can be fixed relative to the rotating shaft or can be adjusted in the direction in which the blade 4 is extended; the blade angle of attack is fixed or adjustable, and the blade 4 It can also be equipped with front or rear flaps, or other measures to improve the lift-to-drag ratio characteristics or increase efficiency.
  • the ballast tank is further provided with a liquid level sensor for real-time feedback of the water depth data in the cabin, which is convenient for monitoring the water level in the ballast tank.
  • the water platform 2 For a cubic or cylindrical hollow structure, the present embodiment adopts a hollow cubic structure to ensure that the device can provide reserve buoyancy when the large waves enter the water, thereby increasing the stability of the device.
  • the entire apparatus is placed on the predetermined seabed 8 by the gravity bracket 10, wherein the gravity type bracket 10 of the present embodiment
  • the main components are prefabricated on land.
  • the whole device can be hauled by the tugboat to the predetermined sea area after the construction is completed on the shore.
  • the bottom end of the pillar is fixed on the gravity bracket 10, and the gravity bracket 10 After sinking, it is placed on the treated seabed 8 and needs to be hauled to the port or repaired by the shipyard during maintenance.
  • a plurality of vertical-axis wave generators can be arranged in the same sea area during the construction, and arranged in the form of an array to realize a large-scale output of electric energy.
  • the wave energy generator provided in this embodiment can be used for power generation, and can also be used for hydrogen production and seawater desalination.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

一种垂直轴波浪发电机，包括叶片（4）、旋转轴（3）、支柱（5）、露出海平面的水上平台（2）、设置于水上平台（2）上的发电机和叶片高度提升装置及控制装置（1）、底座，叶片（4）沿圆周方向固定于旋转轴（3）上，旋转轴（3）内部通过轴承嵌套于支柱（5）上端，所述支柱（5）下端与底座固定连接，所述水上平台（2）固定在支柱（5）上端，所述发电机与旋转轴（3）的输出端驱动连接，所述叶片高度提升装置设置于旋转轴（3）上端，用于调节叶片（4）的吃水深度，所述控制装置（1）与发电机电路连接用于控制电能的连续稳定输出。该发电机海上布置与入射波方向无关，叶片带动旋转轴的旋转直接驱动发电机发电，提高了波浪能的转换效率和发电品质，维护方便、造价低。

Description

垂直轴波浪发电机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种海洋波浪能发电装置，尤其涉及利用波浪能直接进行发电的垂直轴波浪发电机。
背景技术
随着社会进步和经济发展，人类对能源的需求日益增加，而常规能源的开发已经不能满足这种需求，同时环境污染以及生态破坏迫使人们寻找新的可替代能源形式。 海洋能作为地球上尚未充分开发利用的储量较大的可再生能源，其开发利用正成为国际社会的热点。其中，波浪能具有储量大、开发受地域环境影响小等特点，现已成为海洋能开发利用的焦点。波浪能发电的开发应用将会是继风力发电和太阳能发电产业后的又一新能源产业方向。然而，波浪能发电是一种在复杂海洋环境下获取能量的技术，对海况适应能力和高海况生存能力有很高的要求，其难点在于如何突破能量转换的连续稳定性、能量吸收的高效性、装置运行的可靠性以及恶劣环境下的生存能力等关键技术。
目前的波浪发电装置主要有振荡水柱式、摆式、振荡浮子式等，这些发电装置的主要问题集中在能量转换及传递机构受到的冲击力比较大，获得的能量不连续且稳定性差，因此能量传递环节需要中间蓄能装置，这样就增加了建造成本和装置复杂度，影响了发电装置的发电质量和可靠性。
因此如何将分散的、低密度的、不稳定的波浪能转换为高效、稳定、连续的电能，并且可以使波浪发电装置承受较大的灾害性海况的破坏，实现装置安全运行。同时还要满足发电装置的成本低、施工周期短、布置地点灵活，布放和维护方便等特点是当今波浪发电领域面临的主要技术难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述波浪发电领域内的技术难题，提供一种有可能产业化利用波浪能发电的垂直轴波浪发电机。
本发明的技术方案如下：
垂直轴波浪发电机，包括叶片、旋转轴、支柱、露出海平面的水上平台、设置于水上平台上的发电机和叶片高度提升装置及控制装置、底座，所述叶片沿圆周方向固定于旋转轴上，所述旋转轴内部通过轴承嵌套于支柱上端，所述支柱下端与底座固定连接，所述水上平台固定在支柱上端，所述发电机与旋转轴的输出端驱动连接，所述叶片高度提升装置设置于旋转轴上端，用于调节叶片的吃水深度，所述控制装置与发电机电路连接用于控制电能的连续稳定输出。
叶片圆周旋转形式可以很好地和发电机输入轴直接连接配套，免去了一般波浪发电装置需要经过中间环节进行能量传递和蓄能稳压的复杂性，有效地提高了波浪能的转换效率和发电品质，同时较易满足电能输出的连续稳定要求；叶片高度提升装置，调节叶片的吃水以适应不同的潮位，同时大浪或台风时可以提高叶片至水面以上可起到保护叶片的作用。
进一步地，所述底座为内设压载仓的漂浮式浮式基础，所述浮式基础悬浮于海水中且由锚系结构锚泊于海床。
进一步地，所述压载舱设有通过进气排水或进水排气实现浮式基础的上升或下潜的进排水管和进排气管， 进排水功能的实现采用水泵和/或压缩空气 。
进一步地，所述压载舱内还设有实时反馈舱内水深数据的液位传感器。
进一步地，所述底座为固定式的钢筋混凝土结构的沉台，所述沉台直接固定在海床上。
进一步地，所述底座为下沉至海床的重力式下沉体。
进一步地，所述的重力式下沉体为重力式支架、导管架、钢筋混凝土或多沉块。
进一步地，所述叶片的横截面为机翼型。
进一步地，所述叶片的数量为一个或一个以上；所述叶片可采用多种机翼型，叶片可相对旋转轴固定或可沿叶片展长方向可调整扭角；叶片攻角固定或可调节，叶片亦可附有前置或后置襟翼，或其他改善升阻比特性或提高效率的措施。
进一步地，所述水上平台为立方体或圆柱形中空结构，确保装置在大浪入水时可以提供储备浮力，增加装置的稳性。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)垂直轴波浪发电机海上布置与入射波方向无关；其圆周旋转形式可以很好地和发电机输入轴直接连接，免去了一般波浪发电装置需要经过中间环节进行能量传递和蓄能稳压的复杂性，有效地提高了波浪能的转换效率和发电品质，同时满足电能输出的连续稳定，节省了工程造价。
(2)漂浮布置的结构形式可以有效地实现波浪发电装置的深海工作，扩大了装置的工作空间；可以对装置进行岸上预制，拖运到规定海域安装，节约了施工时间，降低工程造价及提高装置的工作安全性，维护方便、可靠性高，提高装置的生命周期。
附图说明
图 1 是本发明实施例 1 的垂直轴波浪发电机结构示意图。
图 2 是图 1 中 A - A 向剖视示意图。
图 3 是本发明实施例 2 的垂直轴波浪发电机结构示意图。
图 4 是图 3 中 B - B 向剖视示意图。
图 5 是本发明实施例 3 的垂直轴波浪发电机结构示意图。
图中所示为： 1- 控制装置； 2- 水上平台； 3- 旋转轴； 4- 叶片； 5- 支柱； 6- 浮式基础； 7- 锚系结构； 8- 海床； 9- 沉台； 10- 重力式支架。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的发明目的作进一步详细地描述，实施例不能在此一一赘述，但本发明的实施方式并不因此限定于以下实施例。
实施例 1
如图 1 及图 2 所示，垂直轴波浪发电机，包括叶片 4 、旋转轴 3 、支柱 5 、露出海平面的水上平台 2 、设置于水上平台 2 上的发电机和叶片高度提升装置及控制装置 1 、底座，本实施例中，所述底座为内设压载仓的漂浮式浮式基础 6 ，所述浮式基础 6 悬浮于海水中且由锚系结构 7 锚泊于海床 8 。所述叶片 4 的横截面为机翼型，数量为 6 ，沿圆周方向固定于旋转轴 3 上，旋转方向与入射波方向无关；所述旋转轴 3 内部通过轴承嵌套于支柱 5 上端，所述支柱 5 下端与底座固定连接，所述水上平台 2 固定在支柱 5 上端，所述发电机与旋转轴 3 的输出端驱动连接，所述叶片高度提升装置设置于旋转轴 3 上端，用于调节叶片的吃水深度，所述控制装置与发电机电路连接用于控制电能的连续稳定输出。
叶片 4 圆周旋转形式可以很好地和发电机输入轴直接连接配套，免去了一般波浪发电装置需要经过中间环节进行能量传递和蓄能稳压的复杂性，有效地提高了波浪能的转换效率和发电品质，同时较易满足电能输出的连续稳定要求；叶片高度提升装置，调节叶片 4 的吃水以适应不同的潮位，同时大浪或台风时可以提高叶片至水面以上可起到保护叶片 4 的作用，根据需要，所述叶片 4 可采用多种机翼型，叶片 4 可相对旋转轴固定或可沿叶片 4 展长方向可调整扭角；叶片 4 攻角固定或可调节，叶片 4 亦可附有前置或后置襟翼、或其他改善升阻比特性或提高效率的措施。
本实施例中，所述压载舱设有通过进气排水或进水排气实现浮式基础 6 的上升或下潜的进排水管和进排气管， 进排水功能的实现采用水泵和/或压缩空气 。
进一步地，所述压载舱内还设有实时反馈舱内水深数据的液位传感器，便于监控压载舱内水位情况。
为提高装置浮力，所述水上平台 2 为立方体或圆柱形中空结构，本实施例采用空心立方体结构，确保装置在大浪入水时可以提供储备浮力，增加装置的稳性。
整个装置可以在岸上建造完成后由拖船拖运至预定海域进行布放，需要维修时拖运至港内或者船厂进行维护。在装置进行布放以及回收时可以通过对浮式基础 6 内的压载舱进行进水排气和进气排水的方式控制整个装置的升降以及姿态调整，在整个装置下潜至预定水深时由锚系结构 7 将其泊于海床 8 。
为提高利用率，施工中可以将多个垂直轴波浪发电机布置于同一海域，以阵列的形式布置成发电场实现电能的大规模输出。
与其他设备相配合，本实施例提供给的波浪能发电机可用于发电，也可用于制氢、海水淡化。
实施例 2
如图 3 及图 4 所示，垂直轴波浪发电机，包括叶片 4 、旋转轴 3 、支柱 5 、露出海平面的水上平台 2 、设置于水上平台 2 上的发电机和叶片高度提升装置及控制装置 1 、底座，本实施例中，所述底座为固定式的钢筋混凝土结构的沉台 9 ，所述沉台 9 直接固定在海床 8 上。所述叶片 4 的横截面为机翼型，数量为 6 ，沿圆周方向固定于旋转轴 3 上，旋转方向与入射波方向无关；所述旋转轴 3 内部通过轴承嵌套于支柱 5 上端，所述支柱 5 下端与底座固定连接，所述水上平台 2 固定在支柱 5 上端，所述发电机与旋转轴 3 的输出端驱动连接，所述叶片高度提升装置设置于旋转轴 3 上端，用于调节叶片的吃水深度，所述控制装置与发电机电路连接用于控制电能的连续稳定输出。
叶片圆周旋转形式可以很好地和发电机输入轴直接连接配套，免去了一般波浪发电装置需要经过中间环节进行能量传递和蓄能稳压的复杂性，有效地提高了波浪能的转换效率和发电品质，同时较易满足电能输出的连续稳定要求；叶片高度提升装置，调节叶片 4 的吃水以适应不同的潮位，同时大浪或台风时可以提高叶片 4 至水面以上可起到保护叶片的作用，根据需要，所述叶片 4 可采用多种机翼型，叶片 4 可相对旋转轴固定或可沿叶片 4 展长方向可调整扭角；叶片攻角固定或可调节，叶片 4 亦可附有前置或后置襟翼、或其他改善升阻比特性或提高效率的措施。
进一步地，所述压载舱内还设有实时反馈舱内水深数据的液位传感器，便于监控压载舱内水位情况。
为提高装置浮力，所述水上平台 2 为立方体或圆柱形中空结构，本实施例采用空心立方体结构，确保装置在大浪入水时可以提供储备浮力，增加装置的稳性。
本实施例中，沉台 9 为方形或圆形中空箱式结构，在岸上预制完毕后，拖运至预定海域进行下潜定位，并固定于海床 8 ，其余可以在岸上建造完成后由拖船拖运至预定海域进行布放，使支柱 5 与沉台 9 固定连接，需要维修时将支柱 5 与沉台 9 脱离后拖运至港内或者船厂进行维护。
为提高利用率，施工中可以将多个垂直轴波浪发电机布置于同一海域，以阵列的形式布置成发电场实现电能的大规模输出。
与其他设备相配合，本实施例提供给的波浪能发电机可用于发电，也可用于制氢、海水淡化。
实施例 3
如图 5 所示，垂直轴波浪发电机，包括叶片 4 、旋转轴 3 、支柱 5 、露出海平面的水上平台 2 、设置于水上平台 2 上的发电机和叶片高度提升装置及控制装置 1 、底座，本实施例中，所述底座为下沉至海床 8 的重力式下沉体，所述的重力式下沉体可为重力式支架 10 、导管架、钢筋混凝土或多沉块，本实施例采用重力式支架 10 。所述叶片 4 的横截面为机翼型，数量为 6 ，沿圆周方向固定于旋转轴 3 上，旋转方向与入射波方向无关；所述旋转轴 3 内部通过轴承嵌套于支柱 5 上端，所述支柱 5 下端与底座固定连接，所述水上平台 2 固定在支柱 5 上端，所述发电机与旋转轴 3 的输出端驱动连接，所述叶片高度提升装置设置于旋转轴 3 上端，用于调节叶片 4 的吃水深度，所述控制装置与发电机电路连接用于控制电能的连续稳定输出。
叶片圆周旋转形式可以很好地和发电机输入轴直接连接配套，免去了一般波浪发电装置需要经过中间环节进行能量传递和蓄能稳压的复杂性，有效地提高了波浪能的转换效率和发电品质，同时较易满足电能输出的连续稳定要求；叶片高度提升装置，调节叶片 4 的吃水以适应不同的潮位，同时大浪或台风时可以提高叶片 4 至水面以上可起到保护叶片 4 的作用，根据需要，所述叶片可采用多种机翼型，叶片可相对旋转轴固定或可沿叶片 4 展长方向可调整扭角；叶片攻角固定或可调节，叶片 4 亦可附有前置或后置襟翼、或其他改善升阻比特性或提高效率的措施。
进一步地，所述压载舱内还设有实时反馈舱内水深数据的液位传感器，便于监控压载舱内水位情况。
为提高装置浮力，所述水上平台 2 为立方体或圆柱形中空结构，本实施例采用空心立方体结构，确保装置在大浪入水时可以提供储备浮力，增加装置的稳性。
整个装置通过重力式支架 10 置于预定海床 8 ，其中，本实施例的重力式支架 10 为钢质结构，主要构件在陆上预制，整个装置可以在岸上建造完成后由拖船拖运至预定海域进行布放，支柱底端固定在重力式支架 10 上，重力式支架 10 下沉后置于处理过的海床 8 上，需要维修时拖运至港内或者船厂进行维护。
为提高利用率，施工中可以将多个垂直轴波浪发电机布置于同一海域，以阵列的形式布置成发电场实现电能的大规模输出。
与其他设备相配合，本实施例提供给的波浪能发电机可用于发电，也可用于制氢、海水淡化。
本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 垂直轴波浪发电机，其特征在于，包括叶片(4)、旋转轴(3)、中空支柱(5)、露出海平面的水上平台(2)、设置于水上平台(2)上的发电机和叶片高度提升装置及控制装置(1)、底座，所述叶片(4)沿圆周方向固定于旋转轴(3)上，所述旋转轴(3)内部通过轴承嵌套于支柱(5)上端，所述支柱(5)下端与底座固定连接，所述水上平台(2)固定在支柱(5)上端，所述发电机与旋转轴(3)的输出端驱动连接，所述叶片高度提升装置设置于旋转轴(3)上端，用于调节叶片(4)的吃水深度，所述控制装置与发电机电路连接用于控制电能的连续稳定输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的垂直轴波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述底座为内设压载仓的漂浮式浮式基础(6)，所述浮式基础(6)悬浮于海水中且由锚系结构(7)锚泊于海床(8)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的垂直轴波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述压载舱设有通过进气排水或进水排气实现浮式基础(6)的上升或下潜的进排水管和进排气管，进排水功能的实现采用水泵和/或压缩空气。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的垂直轴波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述压载舱内还设有实时反馈舱内水深数据的液位传感器。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的垂直轴波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述底座为固定式的钢筋混凝土结构的沉台(9)，所述沉台(9)直接固定在海床(8)上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的垂直轴波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述底座为下沉至海床(8)的重力式下沉体。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的垂直轴波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述的重力式下沉体为重力式支架(10)、导管架、钢筋混凝土或多沉块。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的垂直轴波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述叶片(4)的横截面为机翼型。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的垂直轴波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述叶片(4)的数量为一个或一个以上；所述叶片(4)可采用多种机翼型，叶片(4)可相对旋转轴固定或可沿叶片(4)展长方向可调整扭角；叶片(4)攻角固定或可调节，叶片(4)亦可附有前置或后置襟翼。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的垂直轴波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述水上平台(2)为立方体或圆柱形中空结构。
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