CN108506148B - 功率可调式波浪发电机 - Google Patents
功率可调式波浪发电机 Download PDFInfo
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- F03B13/184—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for 360° rotation of a water-wheel type wom
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Abstract
本发明具体为一种功率可调式波浪发电机,解决了现有波浪发电存在能量摄取能力差、发电效率低、发电功率无法调节且易发生事故危险的问题。支撑平台上设置有发电机,发电机的输入轴下方设置有回转轴,回转轴上均布设置有叶轮杆,且回转轴上套接有控制电源接口,每个叶轮杆上均设置有沿其径向滑动的叶片框架,叶片框架内设置有若干上下分布的叶片,每个叶片框架上的所有叶片组成的形状为百叶窗状,且所有叶片上设置有与其铰接的一根叶片提升杆,回转轴周围设置有同步移动机构和提升机构。本发明不仅可满足波浪小的情况下高效发电,而且波浪力不变时可根据发电的满负荷调节摄取的能量,同时可在灾难性气候条件下自动避灾。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型清洁能源领域,尤其涉及波浪发电技术,具体为一种功率可调式波浪发电机。
背景技术
随着世界经济的发展、人口的激增、社会的进步,人们对能源的需求日益增长。占地球表面积70%的广阔海洋,集中了97%的水量,蕴藏着大量的能源,其中包括波浪能、潮汐能、海流能、温差能、盐差能等。其中,波浪能由于开发过程中对环境影响最小且以机械能的形式存在,是品位最高的海洋能。据估箅,全世界波浪能的理论估算值为(109)kW量级,是现在世界发电量的数百倍,有着广阔的商业前景,因而也是各国海洋能研究开发的重点。
海洋波浪能是一种洁净无污染、蕴藏量丰富的可再生新能源。我国海岸线漫长曲折,蕴藏着丰富的海洋波浪能资源,开发和利用海洋波浪能,对于缓解我国能源危机具有重大意义。波浪能是指海洋表面波浪所具有的动能和势能。
现有波浪能发电方式按能量中间转换环节主要分为机械式、气动式和液压式三大类都是开发利用波浪的势能。机械式发电方式是通过某种传动机构实现波浪能从往复运动到单向旋转运动的传递来驱动发电机发电的方式。气动式发电方式是通过气室、气袋等泵气装置将波浪能转换成空气能,再由气轮机驱动发电机发电。液压式发电方式是通过某种泵液装置将波浪能转换为液体(油或海水)的压能或位能,再由油压马达或水轮机驱动发电机发电的方式。
上述波浪能发电方式均是利用海洋表面的势能进行发电,但波浪的动能要远大于势能,当然动能摄取难度也远大于势能摄取,因为能量摄取能力较大,而且在波浪较小时,发电效率特别低下,并且波浪力不变时发电功率无法调节,同时在灾难性巨浪条件下易发生事故危险,无法应用于实际生产中。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有波浪发电存在能量摄取能力差、发电效率低、发电功率无法调节且易发生事故危险的问题,提供了一种功率可调式波浪发电机。
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的:功率可调式波浪发电机,包括设置于海上的支撑平台,支撑平台上设置有发电机,发电机的输入轴下方设置有与其连接的回转轴,回转轴上均布设置有若干径向放置的叶轮杆,且回转轴上套接有位于支撑平台下侧的控制电源接口,每个叶轮杆上均设置有沿其径向滑动的叶片框架,叶片框架内设置有若干上下分布的叶片,每个叶片框架上的所有叶片组成的形状为百叶窗状,且所有叶片上设置有与其铰接的一根叶片提升杆,回转轴周围设置有同步移动机构和提升机构。
该结构设计中,叶片框架有半圈处于顺水状态,另外半圈处于逆水状态,叶片框架逆水半圈的叶片在阻力作用下自由开起,而叶片框架顺水半圈的叶片在推力的作用下自动关闭,但为了控制力矩大小,可通过提升机构拉动叶片提升杆,进而控制顺水半圈叶片的开启程度,实现水门调节;通过同步移动机构驱动叶片框架沿叶轮杆径向移动,调整叶片框架中心到回转轴轴心的距离实现调辐,即调整叶片框架受力中心的半径大小,叶片框架受力中心半径越大产生的力矩越大,叶片框架受力中心半径越小产生的力矩越小;通过水门调节或调幅程度调节或两者的结合,实现对波浪发电机的功率调节,不仅可满足在波浪小的情况下高效发电,而且波浪力不变时可根据发电的满负荷调节从水中摄取的能量,同时可在灾难性气候条件下自动避灾,确保安全发电。克服了现有波浪发电存在能量摄取能力差、发电效率低、发电功率无法调节且易发生事故危险的问题。
回转轴与发电机之间设置有位于支撑平台上侧的增速器,增速器的输入轴与回转轴下端连接,增速器的输出轴与发电机的输入轴连接。
通过设置增速器,进一步提高了发电效果。
回转轴为弹力轴。
波浪发电机运转时瞬时水流转向相反方向流动能产生同一个方向力矩。通过设置弹力轴保证瞬时水流改变时的连续性。
同步移动机构包括调幅动力机构和与叶片框架一一对应的连接短销,连接短销的两端设置有调幅滚筒和带轮,所有带轮之间外接有同步传动带,叶片框架上端设置有叶片框架拉线座,叶轮杆外侧上端设置有调幅定滑轮,每个调幅定滑轮和与其对应的调幅滚筒之间均绕有两端与叶片框架拉线座连接的调幅钢绞线,调幅动力机构的动力输出端与任一连接短销连接;提升机构包括水门调节动力机构,水门调节动力机构的两个动力输出端连接有位置对应的两个提升滚筒,每个提升滚筒下方设置有与其位置对应的提升定滑轮,回转轴周围设置有若干上下滑动的导向杆,导向杆上设置有导向杆拉线座,每个提升滚筒和与其对应的提升定滑轮之间绕有两端与导向杆拉线座连接的提升钢绞线,导向杆的上端设置有提升架,提升架的下端面设置有与每根叶片提升杆配合的卡槽。
进行调幅作业时,调幅动力机构带动一个连接短销转动,进而在带轮及同步传动带的作用下,带动所有连接短销及所有调幅滚筒转动,调幅滚筒和与其对应的调幅定滑轮的作用下带动调幅钢绞线及叶片框架拉线座移动,实现叶片框架的径向移动,完成调幅作业;进行水门调节作业时,将叶片框架移动到距回转轴最近位置处,此时叶片提升杆***提升架的卡槽内,水门调节动力机构带动提升滚筒转动,提升滚筒和与其对应的提升定滑轮带动提升钢绞线及导向杆拉线座上下移动,导向杆拉线座带动导向杆及导向架上下移动,进而实现叶片提升杆的上下移动,叶片实现任意角度的调节,完成水门调节。
功率可调式波浪发电机,还包括设置在回转轴周围的升降机构,升降机构包括入水动力机构,入水动力机构的输出轴上设置有传动齿轮,回转轴的下部侧壁设置有与传动齿轮啮合的齿条。
作业时,通过入水动力机构驱动传动齿轮转动,进而带动齿条、回转轴、叶轮杆及叶片框架下移,对波浪发电机整体移动入水深度,实现了对波浪发电机功率的调节。
回转轴的周围设置有回转框架,回转框架与叶轮杆连接,且同步移动机构和提升机构设置于回转框架内。
回转轴的周围设置有回转框架,回转框架与叶轮杆连接,且同步移动机构、提升机构和升降机构设置于回转框架内。
通过设置回转框架使得结构更加合理可靠,同时保证了叶轮杆的连接稳定性能。
本发明结构设计合理可靠,通过水门调节、调幅程度调节及入水深度调节配合,不仅可满足波浪小的情况下高效发电,而且波浪力不变时可根据发电的满负荷调节摄取的能量,同时可在灾难性气候条件下自动避灾,确保安全发电,进一步的,在波浪发电机正常工作时,随时可进行功率调节,具有结构简单、加工方便且成本低的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为图1的俯视示意图;
图3为图1中同步移动机构处的结构示意图;
图4为图1中提升机构处的结构示意图;
图5为图1中升降机构的机构示意图。
图中:1-支撑平台,2-发电机,3-回转轴,4-叶轮杆,5-控制电源接口,6-叶片框架,7-叶片,8-叶片提升杆,9-增速器,10-调幅动力机构,11-连接短销,12-调幅滚筒,13-带轮,14-同步传动带,15-叶片框架拉线座,16-调幅定滑轮,17-调幅钢绞线,18-水门调节动力机构,19-提升滚筒,20-提升定滑轮,21-导向杆,22-导向杆拉线座,23-提升钢绞线,24-提升架,25-回转框架,26-入水动力机构,27-传动齿轮,28-齿条。
具体实施方式
功率可调式波浪发电机,包括设置于海上的支撑平台1,支撑平台1上设置有发电机2,发电机2的输入轴下方设置有与其连接的回转轴3,回转轴3上均布设置有若干径向放置的叶轮杆4,且回转轴3上套接有位于支撑平台1下侧的控制电源接口5,每个叶轮杆4上均设置有沿其径向滑动的叶片框架6,叶片框架6内设置有若干上下分布的叶片7,每个叶片框架6上的所有叶片组成的形状为百叶窗状,且所有叶片7上设置有与其铰接的一根叶片提升杆8,回转轴3周围设置有同步移动机构和提升机构。
回转轴3与发电机2之间设置有位于支撑平台1上侧的增速器9,增速器9的输入轴与回转轴3下端连接,增速器9的输出轴与发电机2的输入轴连接。
回转轴3为弹力轴。
同步移动机构包括调幅动力机构10和与叶片框架6一一对应的连接短销11,连接短销11的两端设置有调幅滚筒12和带轮13,所有带轮13之间外接有同步传动带14,叶片框架6上端设置有叶片框架拉线座15,叶轮杆4外侧上端设置有调幅定滑轮16,每个调幅定滑轮16和与其对应的调幅滚筒12之间均绕有两端与叶片框架拉线座15连接的调幅钢绞线17,调幅动力机构10的动力输出端与任一连接短销11连接;提升机构包括水门调节动力机构18,水门调节动力机构18的两个动力输出端连接有位置对应的两个提升滚筒19,每个提升滚筒19下方设置有与其位置对应的提升定滑轮20,回转轴3周围设置有若干上下滑动的导向杆21,导向杆21上设置有导向杆拉线座22,每个提升滚筒19和与其对应的提升定滑轮20之间绕有两端与导向杆拉线座22连接的提升钢绞线23,导向杆21的上端设置有提升架24,提升架24的下端面设置有与每根叶片提升杆8配合的卡槽。
功率可调式波浪发电机,还包括设置在回转轴3周围的升降机构,升降机构包括入水动力机构26,入水动力机构26的输出轴上设置有传动齿轮27,回转轴3的下部侧壁设置有与传动齿轮27啮合的齿条28。
回转轴3的周围设置有回转框架25,回转框架25与叶轮杆4连接,且同步移动机构和提升机构设置于回转框架25内。
回转轴3的周围设置有回转框架25,回转框架25与叶轮杆4连接,且同步移动机构、提升机构和升降机构设置于回转框架25内。
具体实施过程中,调幅动力机构10、水门调节动力结构18及入水动力机构均是由电机和减速器组成的;控制电源接口5是由若干对电刷和滑环组成的,用于给电机供电;回转轴3还可以通过弹性联轴器连接的方式进行蓄能。
当水作用在叶片7上时,由叶片7把水力传到叶片框架6上,再由叶片框架6传到叶轮杆4及回转轴3上,回转轴3转动增速器9输入,增速器9带动发电机2发电。
当波浪力过大如大浪等灾害性波浪发生时,为保证安全生产,首先启动调幅动力机构调辐到叶片框架6的半径到最小,再启动水门调节动力机构18将叶片7全部开起,停止发电,确保设备的安全。
支撑平台1固定在漂浮体上或固定于岸边。
功率可调式波浪发电机只有叶轮、叶片与海浪(海水)接触,其它不与海浪(海水)接触。本波浪发电机是能够利用海浪能、潮夕能、海流能三种能量发电,三种海洋能单独或混合都可以发电。
Claims (3)
1.一种功率可调式波浪发电机,其特征在于:包括设置于海上的支撑平台(1),支撑平台(1)上设置有发电机(2),发电机(2)的输入轴下方设置有与其连接的回转轴(3),回转轴(3)上均布设置有若干径向放置的叶轮杆(4),且回转轴(3)上套接有位于支撑平台(1)下侧的控制电源接口(5),每个叶轮杆(4)上均设置有沿其径向滑动的叶片框架(6),叶片框架(6)内设置有若干上下分布的叶片(7),每个叶片框架(6)上的所有叶片组成的形状为百叶窗状,且所有叶片(7)上设置有与其铰接的一根叶片提升杆(8),回转轴(3)周围设置有同步移动机构和提升机构;
同步移动机构包括调幅动力机构(10)和与叶片框架(6)一一对应的连接短销(11),连接短销(11)的两端设置有调幅滚筒(12)和带轮(13),所有带轮(13)之间外接有同步传动带(14),叶片框架(6)上端设置有叶片框架拉线座(15),叶轮杆(4)外侧上端设置有调幅定滑轮(16),每个调幅定滑轮(16)和与其对应的调幅滚筒(12)之间均绕有两端与叶片框架拉线座(15)连接的调幅钢绞线(17),调幅动力机构(10)的动力输出端与任一连接短销(11)连接;提升机构包括水门调节动力机构(18),水门调节动力机构(18)的两个动力输出端连接有位置对应的两个提升滚筒(19),每个提升滚筒(19)下方设置有与其位置对应的提升定滑轮(20),回转轴(3)周围设置有若干上下滑动的导向杆(21),导向杆(21)上设置有导向杆拉线座(22),每个提升滚筒(19)和与其对应的提升定滑轮(20)之间绕有两端与导向杆拉线座(22)连接的提升钢绞线(23),导向杆(21)的上端设置有提升架(24),提升架(24)的下端面设置有与每根叶片提升杆(8)配合的卡槽;
回转轴(3)与发电机(2)之间设置有位于支撑平台(1)上侧的增速器(9),增速器(9)的输入轴与回转轴(3)下端连接,增速器(9)的输出轴与发电机(2)的输入轴连接;
回转轴(3)为弹力轴。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功率可调式波浪发电机,其特征在于:还包括设置在回转轴(3)周围的升降机构,升降机构包括入水动力机构(26),入水动力机构(26)的输出轴上设置有传动齿轮(27),回转轴(3)的下部侧壁设置有与传动齿轮(27)啮合的齿条(28)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的功率可调式波浪发电机,其特征在于:回转轴(3)的周围设置有回转框架(25),回转框架(25)与叶轮杆(4)连接,且同步移动机构和提升机构设置于回转框架(25)内。
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