WO2015166549A1 - Dispositif de mesure de la fonction oculaire - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure de la fonction oculaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015166549A1
WO2015166549A1 PCT/JP2014/061938 JP2014061938W WO2015166549A1 WO 2015166549 A1 WO2015166549 A1 WO 2015166549A1 JP 2014061938 W JP2014061938 W JP 2014061938W WO 2015166549 A1 WO2015166549 A1 WO 2015166549A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pupil
retina
display device
subject
target
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PCT/JP2014/061938
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
史敬 須藤
伸司 木村
健三 山中
毅 大仲
Original Assignee
株式会社クリュートメディカルシステムズ
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Priority to PCT/JP2014/061938 priority Critical patent/WO2015166549A1/fr
Publication of WO2015166549A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015166549A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/024—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for determining the visual field, e.g. perimeter types

Definitions

  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-67833
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-118881
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 5008540
  • Patent Document 4 JP-A-8-140933
  • Patent Document 5 Patent No. 4113005
  • Patent Document 6 Patent No. 3056753
  • Patent Document 1 is a general example of a perimeter using a flat-type target display device and an optical system.
  • the device described in Patent Document 2 includes a lamp output determining unit that measures the size of the pupil of the subject's eye and determines the output of the lamp based on the pupil area.
  • Patent Document 3 creates a correction amount database when correcting sensitivity values by measuring the sensitivity values when measuring various pupil diameters in advance for a large number of subjects, The correction amount is calculated by referring to the size of the pupil of the eye of the subject measured by the camera and the database.
  • Patent Document 4 uses a flat display for presenting the target, and adapts the stimulus target on the display device to a new position in accordance with the eye movement. The displacement of the eye image is used.
  • patent document 5 is another example which uses a flat display for presentation of a target, and adapts the stimulus target on a display device to a new position according to the eye movement. It uses image displacement. Further, the device described in Patent Document 6 is such that the field stop is moved to change the position of the visual target.
  • JP-A-7-67833 JP 2009-118881 A Japanese Patent No. 5008540 JP-A-8-140933 Japanese Patent No. 4113005 Japanese Patent No. 3056753
  • the above-described conventional apparatus has the following problems. That is, in the conventional device, even if the device side presents a stimulus target with a certain brightness and size, the size of the pupil varies from person to person, so the amount of light that passes through the pupil and reaches the retina is constant. Not.
  • perimeters use a method in which a stimulus target is presented under background light.
  • contrast with the background light is also a factor.
  • the sensitivity correction amount for the pupil diameter obtained by measuring variously the pupil diameter in advance is stored as a database, and the subject is examined.
  • a correction amount database is laborious and complicated processing is required.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a visual function inspection device capable of correctly evaluating the sensitivity characteristics of the retina even if the size of the subject's pupil differs due to individual differences and / or miosis / mydriatic reaction.
  • the visual function measuring device further comprising: (3) The visual function measuring device according to (2), wherein the aperture displacement means includes a mechanical mechanism that mechanically changes the position of the aperture stop. (4) The visual function measuring device according to (1), wherein the aperture stop uses a spatial light modulator.
  • the aperture size was set so that the light beam diameter at the pupil position of the light transmitted from the target display device to the retina is smaller than the minimum pupil diameter assumed at the time of inspection at a position that is optically conjugate with the pupil.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a visual function measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a visual function measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the visual function measuring device transmits a target display device 10 and an image displayed on the target display device 10 to the retina 21 of the eyeball 20 of the subject. And an aperture stop 40 provided at a position optically conjugate with the pupil 23 formed by the iris 22 of the eye of the subject.
  • the target display device 10 displays a desired target, for example, an arbitrary figure or symbol including a fixation target such as a cross or a stimulus target for visual field inspection, and is configured by a liquid crystal display device or the like. Is done.
  • the visual target display device 10 is connected to a control unit 11, and the control unit 11 is connected to a computer 72 and a monitor 73 via an interface 71. Therefore, the target display device 10 displays necessary targets, arbitrary types of symbols, and the like in accordance with instructions from the computer 72, and can freely control the position, color, brightness, movement, and the like of these display images. It has become.
  • the optical system 30 converges the light from the target display device 10 and passes it through the opening 41 of the aperture stop 40, and passes the light that has passed through the aperture stop 40 and the light coming from the opposite side.
  • a beam splitter 32 that reflects and travels in the direction of approximately 90 ° and enters the video camera 61 through the lens 61a, and cooperates with the lens 31 to transmit light from the target display device 10 to the eyeball 20 of the subject.
  • the beam splitter 32 allows the light from the index display device 10 to pass through, while reflecting the light from the retina 21 of the eyeball 20 of the subject that has passed through the lens 34 and the lens group 33 and guiding it to the beam splitter 62a.
  • a part of the light guided to the beam splitter 62a is reflected and guided to the video camera 62 for pupil observation.
  • Another part of the light guided to the beam splitter 62a is transmitted and guided to the video camera 61 for retinal image observation via the imaging lens 61a.
  • a video camera 61 for retinal image observation captures an image of the retina 21, and a video camera 62 for pupil observation captures an image of the pupil 23, and each image signal is transmitted to the computer 72 via the interface 71. Send to.
  • the computer 72 captures these image signals, detects the movement of the fundus of the subject, that is, the parallel movement or rotation in the image plane, and automatically tracks and compensates for the movement or rotation angle.
  • various irises, pupil images, pupil diameters, miosis / mydriasis, etc. can be obtained by various optometry and automatic optometry programs. The movement of the pupil and other pupils is analyzed, and various optometry processes can be performed.
  • a method for measuring eye movement for example, there is a method of applying a pattern matching method to a fundus image. For example, the following evaluation amount R (x, y, x *, y *) or / and C (x, y, x *, y *) is calculated.
  • the pupil center coordinates of the pupil image uses a video camera 62 for observing the pupil that captures an image of the pupil 23 of the eyeball 20 as the eye movement measuring means.
  • the eye movement is measured by calculating the eye rotation angle from the pupil center of gravity position with respect to the reference position in the pupil observation image by the calculation unit.
  • the measurement of the center of gravity of the pupil is performed by calculating the center of gravity of the contour detected by the arithmetic unit after detecting the contour of the pupil from the pupil image acquired by the imaging unit by the image processing means.
  • the subject look at a specific position, measure the center of gravity of the pupil at that time, correct the personal parameters, and measure / store the reference position.
  • the position shown to the subject is the front of the eye to be measured and any other single or plural positions
  • the reference position is the position of the center of gravity of the pupil on the observation image when the subject stares at the front.
  • the personal parameter is corrected based on the position of the center of gravity of the pupil when the position is stared and the reference position.
  • the mirror 35 reflects the light emitted from the light source 51 that emits infrared light or the like and passes through the lens 51a, and is converged by the lens 34 to illuminate the retina 21 of the eyeball 20 of the subject.
  • the control line of the light source 51 is connected to the interface 71 so that on / off, luminance, and the like are controlled based on a command from the computer 72.
  • the aperture stop 40 is provided at a position optically conjugate with the pupil 23 of the eyeball 20 of the subject. Then, the aperture diameter of the opening 41 is set so that the beam diameter of the light transmitted from the target display device 10 to the retina 21 is smaller than the minimum pupil diameter assumed at the time of the examination at the position of the pupil 23. It has been set. Here, since it is generally considered that the pupil diameter is 2 mm or less in the miosis state, it is desirable to set the “minimum pupil diameter assumed at the time of examination” to 2 mm or less.
  • the pupil diameter size decreases with age, and the average in the 70s is 2.7 mm in the normal state, 3.2 mm in the dark, the average in the 80s is 2.3 mm in the normal, and the average in the dark is 2. It is about 5 mm.
  • the aperture stop 40 may include a known aperture mechanism that can mechanically drive a large number of wings used in a photographic camera or the like to freely change the circular hole diameter of the opening 41.
  • a known spatial light modulator such as a liquid crystal panel may be used, and the size and position of the opening 41 may be changed by changing the transmittance distribution of the spatial light modulator itself.
  • the aperture stop 40 has a mechanism that can change the position and angle of the opening 41 with respect to the optical axis, and is driven and controlled by the drive unit 42.
  • the drive unit 42 has a control device that controls the above-described diaphragm mechanism, and also has a known mechanism that changes the position and angle of the opening 41 with respect to the optical axis by a stepping motor, a solenoid, and the like.
  • the hole diameter of the opening 41 can be changed, the position of the opening 41 can be moved, and the angle can be changed based on a command from the computer 72.
  • the lens group 33 includes a plurality of lenses 33a, 33b, 33c, etc., and a part of the lenses, for example, the lens 33b can be moved in the direction of the optical axis, thereby the pupil of the eyeball 20 of the subject. 23 and the aperture stop 40 can be set so as to have an optically conjugate positional relationship.
  • a light source device 52 for pupil illumination is provided in the vicinity of the lens 34.
  • the light source device 52 is in communication with a computer 72 through an interface 71, and is turned on / off or controlled by a command from the computer 72.
  • a response switch 80 is provided in the vicinity of the subject.
  • This response switch 80 can also send a signal to the computer 72 through the interface 71. That is, for example, when the subject operates the button 81 of the response switch 80 when he / she can visually recognize the stimulus target, the computer 72 receives the visual signal and performs predetermined processing, for example, a part of the sensitivity map of the retina. The creation process is performed.
  • Static quantitative visual field inspection is the following inspection. In other words, if you place a target at one point in the field of view and gradually increase its brightness, it will become visible when it reaches a certain brightness, so the value corresponding to the brightness when it becomes visible In this test, retinal sensitivity at a point is used, the same measurement is performed for each point in the field of view, the difference in retinal sensitivity in the field of view is quantitatively examined, and a map is created.
  • the objective test is performed as follows. That is, the visual target for visual field inspection is displayed on the visual target display device 10 in accordance with an instruction from the computer 72.
  • the subject looks at the target with the eyeball 20 facing the target.
  • the target display device 10 gradually increases the brightness of the target point corresponding to the point to be measured in the visual field. Then, when it becomes a certain brightness, it becomes visible to the subject.
  • a change in pupil diameter that changes in accordance with the brightness is detected by the computer 72 through image analysis through the video camera 62, a predetermined process is performed, and a value corresponding to the brightness of the target point at that time is determined as the retina of that point. Sensitivity above. Then, the same measurement is automatically performed one after another for each point in the field of view, the difference in sensitivity on the retina in the field of view is quantitatively examined, and a sensitivity map on the retina is automatically created. .
  • the diameter of the pupil 23 of the eyeball 20 of the subject changes. Therefore, when the diameter of the light beam from the target display device 10 is larger than the diameter of the pupil 23 or when a part of the light beam is vignetted by the pupil 23, the retina is caused by the change in the diameter of the pupil 23.
  • the total amount of light reaching 21 will also change. If the total amount of light reaching the retina 21 changes, the retina 21 changes the sensitivity in response to the change, and thus there is a possibility that a correct sensitivity test cannot be performed.
  • the aperture stop 40 is provided at a position optically conjugate with the pupil 23 of the eyeball 20 of the subject.
  • the aperture diameter of the opening 41 is set so that the beam diameter of the light transmitted from the to the retina 21 is smaller than the normally assumed size of the pupil 23 at the position of the pupil 23.
  • FIG. 2 shows this state.
  • the diameter of the pupil 23 becomes smaller than the diameter of the luminous flux of the light from the target display device 10 and a part of the luminous flux is vignetted by the pupil 23. Thereby, even if the diameter of the pupil 23 changes, the total amount of light reaching the retina 21 does not change. As a result, a correct sensitivity inspection can always be performed.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing this state, and it can be seen that the image formation position on the retina of the target image formed on the retina 21 is moved by the rotation of the eyeball 20. As a result, a position error occurs in the sensitivity map of the retina.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the situation.
  • the eyeball when the eyeball is rotated upward by 8 °, for example, if the movement is not compensated, the image of the target image formed on the retina 21 moves with the movement. This will cause inspection errors. Therefore, in order to prevent this, conventionally, the movement of the image formed on the retina 21 is detected by, for example, a camera corresponding to the video camera 61 and presented to the target display device 10 so as to compensate for it. The position of the target being moved is moved.
  • the target image formed on the retina 21 does not move, and the risk of error due to the target image can be prevented.
  • the target image formed on the retina 21 can be prevented from moving, but the light beam L that is emitted from the target display apparatus 10 and converged by the lens system 30 and guided to the eyeball 20 moves. It is not taken into consideration until it ends.
  • the position of the iris is moved by the movement of the eyeball 20 or the like, and a part of the light beam L may be vignetted by the iris 22 as shown in FIG. It has been found.
  • the movement of the image formed on the retina 21 is detected by the video camera 61 and simultaneously the position of the target presented on the target display device 10 is moved so as to compensate for it.
  • the aperture stop 40 is moved in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis.
  • the movement of the aperture stop 40 is a movement that moves the position of the light beam L at the position of the pupil 23 in accordance with the rotation of the eyeball 20 so that a part of the light beam L is not vignetted by the iris 22.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the aperture stop 40 is moved in accordance with the movement of the target of the target display device 10. By moving the aperture stop 40 in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, the position of the pupil 23 is illustrated. The position of the light beam L is moved so that part of the light beam L is not vignetted by the iris 22. Hereinafter, this point will be described more specifically.
  • the focal plane of the lens 34 on the visual target display device 10 side and the focal plane of the lens group 33 on the eyeball 20 side are arranged so as to substantially coincide with each other.
  • the focal plane on the visual target display device 10 side of the lens group 33 and the focal plane on the eyeball 20 side of the lens 31 are arranged so as to substantially coincide with each other.
  • the aperture stop 40 is disposed so as to substantially coincide with the focal plane of the lens group 33 on the visual target display device 10 side and the focal plane of the lens 31 on the eyeball 20 side.
  • the target display device 10 is arranged so that the display surface thereof coincides with the focal plane of the lens 31 on the target display device 10 side.
  • the lens 34 and the lens group 33 act as a telescope with a magnification of 1/2.
  • the pupil 23 of the eyeball 20 is adjusted to be positioned on the focal plane of the lens 34 on the eyeball 20 side.
  • the position of the eyeball 20 may be adjusted, for example, to a position assumed when the pupil observation video camera 62 is focused on the iris 22.
  • y f3 ⁇ tan ( ⁇ / 2) holds for the object height y from the optical axis in the target display device 10 and the viewing angle ⁇ .
  • the size of the aperture stop 40 is set to ⁇ 3 mm, an image of the aperture stop with ⁇ 1.5 mm is generated at the position of the pupil 23.
  • the refractive power of the cornea is not converted.
  • the size of the pupil 23 is about a minimum ⁇ 2 mm, so that the light beam L is guided into the eyeball 20 without being affected by the pupil diameter.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and other measurement errors may occur due to changes in the size of the pupil. It can also be applied to a visual function measuring device.
  • the present invention can be applied to dynamic quantitative visual field inspection (Goldman visual field inspection), fundus visual field inspection (microperimetry), electroretinography (ERG), and other inspections.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif d'examen de la fonction oculaire qui permet d'évaluer avec précision des caractéristiques de sensibilité de la rétine, même pour différentes tailles de pupille, variables selon les individus et/ou dues à des réactions de contraction/dilatation de la pupille. Le dispositif de mesure de la fonction oculaire comprend : un dispositif d'affichage de cible visuelle; un système optique destiné à transmettre à la rétine de l'oeil du sujet une image affichée sur le dispositif d'affichage de cible visuelle; et un diaphragme disposé à une position qui est conjuguée optiquement avec la pupille de l'oeil du sujet et présente une ouverture définie de sorte que le diamètre du flux lumineux, au niveau de la position de la pupille, de la lumière tranmise par le dispositif d'affichage à la rétine est inférieur au diamètre minimum prédit de la pupille pendant l'examen.
PCT/JP2014/061938 2014-04-30 2014-04-30 Dispositif de mesure de la fonction oculaire WO2015166549A1 (fr)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107361738A (zh) * 2017-08-16 2017-11-21 苏州四海通仪器有限公司 一种用于眼科设备的光阑***及眼科设备
CN109700427A (zh) * 2019-02-28 2019-05-03 中国人民解放军第306医院 一种能同时测量瞳孔大小的角膜接触电极及工作方法
US20200237214A1 (en) * 2017-09-21 2020-07-30 Verily Life Sciences Llc Retinal cameras having movable optical stops

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62211041A (ja) * 1986-03-10 1987-09-17 キヤノン株式会社 眼科検査装置
US5046835A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-09-10 Interzeag Ag Apparatus for testing visual functions of human eyes
JPH04141128A (ja) * 1990-09-29 1992-05-14 Topcon Corp 眼屈折力測定装置
US20030053027A1 (en) * 2001-04-16 2003-03-20 Sarver Edwin J. Subjective refraction by meridional power matching
JP2004216118A (ja) * 2002-12-24 2004-08-05 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 視野計
JP2009291409A (ja) * 2008-06-05 2009-12-17 Nidek Co Ltd 眼屈折力測定装置
JP2010518420A (ja) * 2007-02-06 2010-05-27 バイエル・イノヴェイション・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング ホログラフィック記憶媒体に記憶されたホログラムを読み取るためのホログラフィック記憶装置、およびこれを実現する方法

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62211041A (ja) * 1986-03-10 1987-09-17 キヤノン株式会社 眼科検査装置
US5046835A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-09-10 Interzeag Ag Apparatus for testing visual functions of human eyes
JPH04141128A (ja) * 1990-09-29 1992-05-14 Topcon Corp 眼屈折力測定装置
US20030053027A1 (en) * 2001-04-16 2003-03-20 Sarver Edwin J. Subjective refraction by meridional power matching
JP2004216118A (ja) * 2002-12-24 2004-08-05 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 視野計
JP2010518420A (ja) * 2007-02-06 2010-05-27 バイエル・イノヴェイション・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング ホログラフィック記憶媒体に記憶されたホログラムを読み取るためのホログラフィック記憶装置、およびこれを実現する方法
JP2009291409A (ja) * 2008-06-05 2009-12-17 Nidek Co Ltd 眼屈折力測定装置

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107361738A (zh) * 2017-08-16 2017-11-21 苏州四海通仪器有限公司 一种用于眼科设备的光阑***及眼科设备
CN107361738B (zh) * 2017-08-16 2023-11-21 苏州四海通仪器有限公司 一种用于眼科设备的光阑***及眼科设备
US20200237214A1 (en) * 2017-09-21 2020-07-30 Verily Life Sciences Llc Retinal cameras having movable optical stops
US11857260B2 (en) * 2017-09-21 2024-01-02 Verily Life Sciences Llc Retinal cameras having movable optical stops
CN109700427A (zh) * 2019-02-28 2019-05-03 中国人民解放军第306医院 一种能同时测量瞳孔大小的角膜接触电极及工作方法

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