WO2015144091A1 - 一种自悬浮支撑剂及其制备和应用 - Google Patents

一种自悬浮支撑剂及其制备和应用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015144091A1
WO2015144091A1 PCT/CN2015/075289 CN2015075289W WO2015144091A1 WO 2015144091 A1 WO2015144091 A1 WO 2015144091A1 CN 2015075289 W CN2015075289 W CN 2015075289W WO 2015144091 A1 WO2015144091 A1 WO 2015144091A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
aggregate
self
polymer material
binder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/075289
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦升益
胡文进
王中学
胡炜
Original Assignee
北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201410123922.1A external-priority patent/CN104944840A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410124576.9A external-priority patent/CN104948154A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410123724.5A external-priority patent/CN104946233B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410124452.0A external-priority patent/CN104946235A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410124182.3A external-priority patent/CN104946234A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410123908.1A external-priority patent/CN104948158A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410124455.4A external-priority patent/CN104948159A/zh
Priority to US15/129,773 priority Critical patent/US20170145302A1/en
Priority to EP15769703.8A priority patent/EP3124741A4/en
Priority to CA2948953A priority patent/CA2948953A1/en
Priority to RU2016142542A priority patent/RU2652592C1/ru
Application filed by 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 filed Critical 北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Publication of WO2015144091A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015144091A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/80Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
    • C09K8/805Coated proppants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/62Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
    • C09K8/66Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/84Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • C09K8/86Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
    • C09K8/88Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/84Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • C09K8/86Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
    • C09K8/88Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
    • C09K8/90Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. polysaccharides, cellulose
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/92Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/267Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2208/00Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
    • C09K2208/04Hulls, shells or bark containing well drilling or treatment fluids

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of fluid mineral exploitation such as petroleum, natural gas and shale gas, and particularly relates to a proppant for strengthening cracks through support and a preparation method thereof.
  • drag reducing water can pump large amounts of water and a small amount of proppant at high displacements, carrying proppants into deeper fracture networks, resulting in larger fracture networks and venting areas, which have now become fracturing operations.
  • Standard practice Among the components of drag reducing water, clear water accounts for the majority (99.5%), so it is also known as clear water fracturing (Zhao Jie et al., Shale gas horizontal well completion fracturing technology review, natural gas and petroleum, February 2012).
  • the existing support fracturing technology mainly includes the use of proppant and fracturing fluid (active water, linear glue or jelly).
  • the fracturing fluid and proppant are two independent systems, and the fracturing fluid flows at high speed.
  • the turbulent suspension proppant is utilized, however, when the proppant reaches the crack, the proppant settles rapidly at the bottom of the crack due to the large drop in fluid flow rate (patent CN102159797A).
  • the polymer compound used in the drag reducing water enters the formation along with the clean water, and the viscosity of the drag reducing water increases. When returning to the row, it consumes a large pump power and is not conducive to all the return flow; some remain high in the ground.
  • the molecular compound blocks the pores of the formation, resulting in a decrease in oil output.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of the self-suspending proppant.
  • a third object of the invention is to propose the use of the self-suspending proppant.
  • a self-suspending proppant which is coated on a granular aggregate or partially coated with a water-soluble polymer material
  • the aggregate is a solid particle having sufficient mechanical strength to withstand crack closure stress, and is selected from the group consisting of quartz sand, ceramsite, metal particles, spherical glass particles, sintered bauxite, sintered alumina, sintered zirconia, synthetic resin, and coating.
  • One or more of the film sand and the crushed nut shell particles; the metal particles are made of one or more of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-manganese alloy;
  • the water-soluble polymer material is selected from the group consisting of a natural polymer, a synthetic polymer or a semi-natural semi-synthetic polymer material, and the water-soluble polymer is used in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight based on the amount of the aggregate.
  • the aggregate has a size of 6-200 mesh.
  • the water-soluble polymer material according to the present invention is an organic material which rapidly swells or dissolves in contact with water, and is selected from a natural polymer material, a synthetic polymer material or a semi-natural semi-synthetic polymer material;
  • the synthetic polymer material comprises a condensation type and a polymer type polymer material; wherein the condensation type polymer material is selected from one or more of a polyamine resin, an amino resin and a polyurethane resin; One or more of polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polymaleic anhydride, polyquaternium;
  • the semi-natural semi-synthetic synthetic polymer material comprises modified starch, modified cellulose and modified vegetable gum, and is specifically selected from the group consisting of starch derivatives, carboxymethyl starch, hydroxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl starch, starch acetate, One or more of hydroxymethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar.
  • the granular aggregate is preferably further coated with a binder, and the binder includes all materials having an attachment function, including a natural binder and a synthetic binder, the natural binder including Animal glue, vegetable glue and mineral glue; the animal glue is selected from one or more of skin glue, bone glue, shellac, casein glue, albumin glue and fish gelatin; the vegetable gum is selected from starch and paste.
  • a natural binder and a synthetic binder including Animal glue, vegetable glue and mineral glue
  • the animal glue is selected from one or more of skin glue, bone glue, shellac, casein glue, albumin glue and fish gelatin
  • the vegetable gum is selected from starch and paste.
  • the mineral glue is selected from one or more of mineral wax and asphalt
  • the synthetic binder is selected from the group consisting of phenolic resin and epoxy
  • a resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, and a heterocyclic polymer binder is used in an amount of 0.5 to 15% by weight of the aggregate.
  • the phenolic resin is a thermoplastic phenolic resin and/or a thermosetting phenolic resin
  • the epoxy resin is selected from one or more of epoxy resins E-42, E-35, E-20 (601), E-14, E-12, E-06, E-03; or
  • the epoxy resin uses an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of 0.09-0.14 mol/100 g; preferably a bisphenol A epoxy resin, an epoxy resin E-55 (616), E-51 (618), E-44 (6101), E-42 (634), E-35 (637), E-20 (601), E-12 (604), E-06 (607), E-03 (609) One or more;
  • the unsaturated polyester resin is an o-benzene type unsaturated polyester resin, an isophthalic type unsaturated polyester resin, a xylene type unsaturated polyester resin, a bisphenol A type unsaturated polyester resin, a halogenated unsaturated One or more of a polyester resin and a vinyl ester resin; preferably an ortho-phenyl unsaturated polyester resin of the type 191 or 196, an isophthalic unsaturated polyester resin of the type 199, and a resin model number of 2608, One or more of 902A3, Xm-1, Xm-2 xylene type unsaturated polyester resin; one selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A type unsaturated polyester resins of the type 197, 3301, 323 or A plurality of; the heterocyclic polymeric binder is selected from one or more of the group consisting of polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polyphenylene sulfide, and polydiphenyl ether.
  • the preparation method comprises the steps of: raising the aggregate to 170-200 ° C, and then cooling the aggregate to 80-150 ° C to disperse the water-soluble polymer material in the aggregate.
  • the binder is dispersed in the aggregate, the water-soluble polymer material is added, and the curing agent is added;
  • the curing agent is an aliphatic amine and an adduct thereof, a tertiary amine and a salt thereof, an aromatic amine and a modified body thereof, an imidazole, an acid anhydride, a peroxide, a peroxylipid, a paraformaldehyde, a phenalkamine, One of diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, and hexamethylenetetramine; the curing agent is 0.5-10% by weight of the binder.
  • the above preparation method of the self-suspending proppant comprises the following steps:
  • step 2) When the temperature of the mixture obtained in the step 1) is lowered to 150 ° C or lower, 0.1 to 5 wt% of the water-soluble polymer material by weight of the aggregate is added and stirred.
  • step 2) the step of cooling and sieving is further included.
  • the construction method of the present invention is specifically as follows: firstly, one of the jelly, the linear glue, the slick water or the natural water is used as the pre-liquid, and the high-pressure pump truck is used to pump the pre-liquid and fracturing the target reservoir to form the initial geology. crack. Then, natural water is continuously added as a sand-carrying liquid in the sand mixer tank, and a suspension of natural water and a proppant is formed while adding a self-suspending proppant; the suspension is continuously pumped into the initial stage by using a high-pressure pump truck. In the formation of geological cracks, the initial geological cracks are continuously extended to form geological cracks supported by the proppant.
  • the rock formation is one of a rock formation, a shale formation, a salt rock formation and a sedimentary rock formation of a heavy oil reservoir.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram of oil production using the sub-suspended proppant of the present invention.
  • Step 2) The temperature of the mixture was lowered to 140 ° C, and 8 g of carboxymethylcellulose was added. Stir well. After cooling, it is crushed and sieved.
  • the proppant obtained after sieving is particles having a particle size of 20-40 mesh, and the aggregate surface is coated or partially coated with a carboxymethyl cellulose polymer material.
  • Step 2) The temperature of the mixture was lowered to 140 ° C, and 8 g of carboxymethylcellulose was added. Stir well.
  • the obtained proppant is particles having a particle size of 20-40 mesh, and the aggregate surface is coated or partially coated with a carboxymethyl cellulose polymer material.
  • the obtained proppant is particles having a particle size of 40-70 mesh, and the aggregate surface is coated or partially coated with a polycaprolactone polymer material.
  • Epoxy resin E-55 was mixed with ethyl acetate in a ratio of 1:1. Stir well, prepare 50 mL of binder solution, and then add aggregate and 10 g of tannin to the binder solution.
  • Step 2) The resulting mixture was dried at 80 ° C for 2 hours and sieved.
  • the proppant obtained in this embodiment is a particle having a particle size of 20-40 mesh, and the aggregate surface is coated or partially coated with a silicone polymer material.
  • Epoxy resin E-51 mixed with ethyl formate in a ratio of 1:1. Stir well, prepare 50 mL of the binder solution, and then add the aggregate and 10 g of carboxymethyl tannin to the binder solution.
  • Step 2) The obtained mixture is dried at 80 ° C for 4 hours, and sieved to obtain.
  • Proppant Coated sand prepared according to the method of Example 2 of Patent CN1640981A.
  • the preparation process of the active water is: dissolving the above specific amount of polyacrylamide in 488.65 g of water and mixing uniformly to obtain thickened water; dissolving the above specific amount of OP-10 in the obtained thickened water and mixing uniformly; Add 10 g of potassium chloride and stir well; add 0.1 g of formaldehyde and stir well.
  • test results of Examples 13-26 are listed in the following table (test method is the same as above).
  • test results show that the self-suspending proppant proposed by the invention has excellent sand-carrying capacity and friction-reducing ability in the active water.
  • the proppants prepared in Examples 1-12 of the present application were added to clean water according to a sand ratio (volume ratio of proppant to water) of 10:100, 20:100, and 30:100, and were stirred for more than two hours.
  • This experimental example provides a fracturing construction method based on natural water-carrying sand for natural gas wells, including the following steps:
  • the natural water used in this example is fresh water in the surface river, and there are no solid particles visually observed.
  • the proppant used in this example was a 20/40 mesh self-suspending proppant prepared by the method of Example 7.
  • Step 2 Connect the fracturing construction pipeline, test the pressure with the pre-liquid linear glue, and press open the target reservoir.
  • Step 3 Under continuous stirring, the clean water pump is pumped into the sand mixing vehicle at a flow rate of 1.96 m 3 /min, and the self-suspending proppant is conveyed into the sand mixing vehicle at a rate of 0.84 m 3 /min, and the mixture is uniformly mixed.
  • Step 4 Mix the homogeneous suspension and pump into the target reservoir crack at the same rate as the mixed sand via the fracturing pump.
  • the construction process pressure is stable, the whole process is 2.5 hours, and the construction is completed after 1.5 hours of shut-in. After returning to the drain for 3 hours, it was clear and returned to the bottom for 5 hours.
  • the initial daily gas production is 700 square meters/d, which is slightly higher than that of the conventional melon rubber linear rubber fracturing.
  • the self-suspending proppant provided by the invention is coated on the granular aggregate or partially coated with the water-soluble polymer material;
  • the aggregate is a solid particle having sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the crack closure stress,
  • the amount of the molecule is from 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the amount of the aggregate.
  • the self-suspending proppant proposed by the invention does not need to be fracturing using a fracturing fluid which is added with an organic polymer and is expensive, and directly uses natural water which is available everywhere for fracturing, which reduces pollution and reduces cost.
  • the self-suspending proppant proposed by the invention can reduce the friction of the fracturing fluid, so that the fracturing support system of the invention has substantially the same performance as the existing fracturing fluid, is easy to transport, and is easy to return.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

一种自悬浮支撑剂,其在颗粒状骨料上包覆、或部分包覆有水溶性高分子材料;骨料为具有承受裂缝闭合应力的足够机械强度的固体颗粒,选自石英砂、陶粒、金属颗粒、球状玻璃颗粒、烧结铝土矿、烧结氧化铝、烧结氧化锆、合成树脂、覆膜砂、粉碎的果壳颗粒中的一种或多种;水溶性高分子的用量为骨料用量的0.1~5wt%。该自悬浮支撑剂无需使用添加了有机高分子且成本昂贵的压裂液进行压裂,直接使用随处可得的天然水进行压裂,减小了污染,降低了成本,并且能降低压裂液的摩阻,使得应用该自悬浮支撑剂的压裂支撑体系与现有的压裂液具有基本相同的性能,易输送,易返排。

Description

一种自悬浮支撑剂及其制备和应用 技术领域
本发明属于石油、天然气及页岩气等流体矿产开采领域,具体涉及一种通过支撑加强裂缝的支撑剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
油田原油粘度大、油藏的裂缝狭小,为了提高采油量、降低成本,通常采用压裂支撑剂压裂和支撑压裂,以改善裂缝导流能力。支撑剂沉积在地层的成形裂缝中,防止裂缝在压力减小时闭合。根据文献介绍,美国页岩气压裂中主要应用了三种液体体系:液氮直接注入、注氮气泡沫和减阻水。除了成本优势外,减阻水能在高排量下泵入大量水和少量支撑剂,可携带支撑剂进入更深的裂缝网络,从而形成更大的裂缝网络和泄气面积,目前已成为压裂作业的标准做法。减阻水组成中清水占绝大部分(99.5%),故又被称为清水压裂(赵杰等,页岩气水平井完井压裂技术综述,天然气与石油,2012年2月)。
现有的支撑压裂技术中,主要包括使用支撑剂和压裂液(活性水、线性胶或者冻胶)两部分,压裂液与支撑剂是两个独立的体系,压裂液高速流动,利用湍流悬浮支撑剂,然而当支撑剂到达裂缝后,由于流体流速的大幅下降,支撑剂快速沉降于裂缝底部(专利CN102159797A)。另一方面,减阻水中使用的高分子化合物随同清水进入地层,减阻水的粘度增大,返排的时候,消耗很大的泵功率,且不利于全部返排;部分留在地下的高分子化合物堵住地层的孔,导致出油量下降。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足之处,本发明的第一目的是提供一种自悬浮支撑剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供所述自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法。
本发明第三个目的是提出所述自悬浮支撑剂的应用。
为实现上述目的的技术方案为:
一种自悬浮支撑剂,所述自悬浮支撑剂是在颗粒状骨料上包覆、或部分包覆有水溶性高分子材料;
所述骨料为具有承受裂缝闭合应力的足够机械强度的固体颗粒,选自石英砂、陶粒、金属颗粒、球状玻璃颗粒、烧结铝土矿、烧结氧化铝、烧结氧化锆、合成树脂、覆膜砂、粉碎的果壳颗粒中的一种或多种;所述金属颗粒的材质为碳钢、不锈钢、铝合金、铁镍合金、铁锰合金中的一种或多种;
所述的水溶性高分子材料选自天然高分子、人工合成高分子或半天然半人工合成的高分子材料,所述水溶性高分子的用量为骨料用量的0.1~15wt%。
优选地,所述骨料的尺寸为6-200目。
本发明所述的水溶性高分子材料为遇水快速溶胀或溶解的有机材料,选自天然高分子材料、人工合成的高分子材料或半天然半人工合成的高分子材料;
其中,所述的天然高分子材料选自淀粉、植物胶、动物胶或海藻胶;所述植物胶为***胶、黄耆胶、槐豆胶、胍胶、田菁胶、大豆胶中的一种或多种;所述的动物胶为骨胶、明胶、干酪素、壳聚糖中的一种或多种;所述的海藻胶为藻蛋白酸钠、海藻酸钠、琼胶中的一种或多种;
所述人工合成的高分子材料包括缩合类和聚合类高分子材料;其中,缩合类高分子材料选自聚胺树脂、氨基树脂和聚氨酯树脂中的一种或多种;聚合类高分子材料选自聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸、聚乙二醇、聚氧化乙烯、聚马来酸酐、聚季铵盐中的一种或多种;
所述的半天然半人工合成的高分子材料包括改性淀粉、改性纤维素和改性植物胶,具体选自淀粉衍生物、羧甲基淀粉、羟甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羧乙基淀粉、醋酸淀粉、 羟甲基瓜尔胶、羟丙基瓜尔胶、羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述颗粒状骨料上优选还包覆有粘结剂,所述粘结剂包括所有具有附着功能的材料,包括天然粘结剂和合成粘结剂,所述天然粘结剂包括动物胶、植物胶和矿物胶;所述动物胶选自皮胶、骨胶、虫胶、酪素胶、白蛋白胶、鱼鳔胶中的一种或多种;所述植物胶选自淀粉、糊精、松脂、桐油、***树胶、天然橡胶中的一种或多种;所述矿物胶选自矿物蜡、沥青中的一种或多种;所述合成粘结剂选自酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、杂环高分子粘结剂中的一种或多种,粘结剂的用量为骨料用量0.5-15wt%。
其中,所述酚醛树脂为热塑性酚醛树脂和/或热固性酚醛树脂;
所述的环氧树脂选自环氧树脂E-42、E-35、E-20(601)、E-14、E-12、E-06、E-03中的一种或多种;或,所述的环氧树脂使用环氧当量为0.09-0.14mol/100g的环氧树脂;优选为双酚A型环氧树脂,环氧树脂E-55(616)、E-51(618)、E-44(6101)、E-42(634)、E-35(637)、E-20(601)、E-12(604)、E-06(607)、E-03(609)中的一种或多种;
所述的不饱和聚酯树脂为邻苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、间苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、二甲苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂、卤代不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂中的一种或多种;优选型号为191或196的邻苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、型号为199的间苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、树脂型号为2608、902A3、Xm-1、Xm-2的二甲苯型不饱和聚酯树脂中的一种或多种;选自型号为197、3301、323的双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂中的一种或多种;所述杂环高分子粘结剂选自聚酰亚胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯硫醚、聚二苯醚中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的所述自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,作为方案之一是将水溶性高分子材料分散于骨料中制得。
所述自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,具体是在15-150℃条件下,将水溶性高分子材料分散于骨料中制得;
所述的水溶性高分子材料选自植物胶、动物胶或微生物胶中的一种,所述水溶性高分子的用量为骨料用量的0.5-15wt%。
优选地,所述制备方法是将骨料先升温至170-200℃,然后待骨料降温至80-150℃,将水溶性高分子材料分散于骨料中。
更优选,以6-200目的颗粒为骨料,向骨料中加入粘结剂溶液并搅拌,所述粘结剂溶液占骨料重量10-30%,再加入占骨料重量0.1~5%的水溶性高分子材料并搅拌;,所述粘结剂溶液的溶剂为有机溶剂,所述有机溶剂选自丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯氯仿,二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、乙醇中的一种或多种。
本发明所述自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,还可以是将粘结剂分散于骨料中,加入固化剂,再加入水溶性高分子材料而得;
或,是将粘结剂分散于骨料中,加入水溶性高分子材料,再加入固化剂而得;
其中,所述固化剂为脂肪族胺及其加成物、叔胺及其盐、芳香族胺及其改性体、咪唑、酸酐、过氧化酰、过氧化脂、多聚甲醛、酚醛胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、六次甲基四胺中的一种;固化剂为粘结剂重量的0.5-10%。
更具体而言,上述的自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)以石英砂、陶粒、金属颗粒、球状玻璃颗粒、烧结铝土矿、烧结氧化铝、烧结氧化锆、合成树脂、覆膜砂、粉碎的果壳颗粒中的一种或多种为骨料;
加热至50-300℃,降温至240℃以下,加入重量为骨料重量0.5~15wt%的粘结剂并搅拌;
2)当步骤1)所得混合物温度降至150℃以下时,加入骨料重量的0.1~5wt%的水溶性高分子材料,并搅拌。
其中,在步骤1)或步骤2)中加入固化剂;
或包括如下步骤:
1)以石英砂、陶粒、覆膜砂、金属颗粒、球状玻璃颗粒、烧结铝土矿、烧结氧化铝、烧结氧化锆、合成树脂、粉碎的果壳颗粒中的一种或多种为骨料,加入重量为骨料重量0.5~15wt%的粘结剂并搅拌;
2)加入骨料重量的0.1~5wt%的水溶性高分子材料,再加入固化剂,并搅拌。
其中,所述步骤2)之后还包括冷却和筛分的步骤。
本发明同时提供了一种天然水压裂施工方法,是向作为携砂液的体积份100份天然水中添加5-60体积份本发明所述的自悬浮支撑剂,形成水力压裂悬浮液,然后将所得悬浮液输送到地下岩层中;作为携砂液的天然水选自河水、养殖用水、湖水、海水及地下水中的一种或多种。
本发明所述施工方法具体为:首先以冻胶、线性胶、滑溜水或者天然水中的一种作为前置液,利用高压泵车泵入前置液并压裂目标储层,形成初期的地质裂缝。然后在混砂罐车中持续加入天然水作为携砂液,边加入自悬浮支撑剂边搅拌,形成天然水和支撑剂的悬浮液;利用高压泵车把悬浮液继前置液后连续泵入初期形成的地质裂缝中,从而使所述初期地质裂缝不断延伸,形成被支撑剂支撑的地质裂缝。
其中,所述岩层是稠油油藏的岩层、页岩层、盐岩层、沉积岩层中的一种。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提出的自悬浮支撑剂无需使用添加了有机高分子且成本昂贵的压裂液进行压裂,而直接使用随处可得的天然水进行压裂即可,因此,减小了污染,降低了成本。
本发明提出的自悬浮支撑剂在清水中悬浮时间长,能够更好的满足采油的需要。本发明提出的自悬浮支撑剂能降低压裂液的摩阻,使得应用本发明的压裂支撑体系与现有的压裂液具有基本相同的性能,易输送,易返排。
本发明提出的自悬浮支撑剂可以在清水中实现压裂支撑,使返排支撑剂的能耗下降,没有高分子材料残留,有利于环境保护。
附图说明
图1为利用本发明所述子悬浮支撑剂进行石油开采的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例中所用原料均为市售产品。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)以石英砂(河砂)为原料,经擦洗、120℃5h烘干后,砂中完全不含水,筛选20-40目的石英砂为骨料;
2)骨料1000g,加热至200℃,加入环氧树脂E14 10g,搅拌均匀;
3)步骤2)混合物的温度降至140℃,加入羧甲基纤维素8g。搅拌均匀。冷却后,破碎、筛分。
筛分后得到的支撑剂为粒径20-40目的颗粒,骨料表面包覆、或部分包覆有羧甲基纤维素高分子材料。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
(1)取40-70目1kg石英砂(河砂)作为骨料,备用;
(2)加热至200℃,向骨料中加入环氧树脂E-12 5g,当温度降至140℃时,加入聚已酸内酯10g,均匀混合,即得。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取30-50目1kg石英砂(风积沙和海砂,目数相同,体积各半)作为骨料,备用;
2)先将石英砂加热至180℃,向骨料中加入邻苯型不饱和聚酯19110g,当温度降至130℃时,加入羧甲基羟丙基胍胶5g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤(2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取30-50目1kg球形陶粒作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至200℃,向骨料中加入邻苯型不饱和聚酯191 10g,当温度降至140℃时,加入聚马来酸酐5g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取40-70目1kg球形陶粒作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至220℃,向骨料中加入双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂12g,当温度降至140℃时,加入聚乙酸乙烯醇10g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取30-50目1kg不锈钢颗粒作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至190℃,向骨料中加入邻苯型不饱和聚酯191 10g,当温度降至130℃时,加入阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺5g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例7
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取70-140目1kg玻璃微球作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至220℃,向骨料中加入双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂12g,当温度降至140℃时,加入聚乙酸乙烯醇10g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例8
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取40-70目1kg覆膜砂(按照专利CN1274626A实施例1的方法制造)作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至200℃,向骨料中加入环氧树脂E12 8g,当温度降至140℃时,加入田菁胶10g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例9
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取40-70目1kg铝合金球形颗粒作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至220℃,向骨料中加入双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂10g,当温度降至110℃时,加入聚马来酸酐10g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例10
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取40-70目1kg玻璃微球作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至220℃,向骨料中加入双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂10g,当温度降至140℃时,加入羟丙基胍胶6g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例11
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取40-70目1kg铝矾土陶粒作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至170℃,向骨料中加入双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂10g,当温度降至130℃时,加入N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖季铵盐10g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例12
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取40-70目1kg铝矾土陶粒作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至200℃,向骨料中加入双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂10g,当温度降至130℃时,加入两性聚丙烯酰胺10g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例13
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)以石英砂(河砂)为原料,经擦洗、120℃5h烘干后,砂中完全不含水,筛选20-40目的石英砂为骨料;
2)步骤1)处理后的石英砂1000g,加热至200℃,加入环氧树脂E-51(618)10g,搅拌(搅拌过程中混合物温度降至170℃),加入固化剂邻苯二甲酸酐1g,搅拌均匀;
3)步骤2)混合物的温度降至140℃,加入羧甲基纤维素8g。搅拌均匀。
4)冷却、筛分,得到的支撑剂为粒径20-40目的颗粒,骨料表面包覆、或部分包覆有羧甲基纤维素高分子材料。
实施例14
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取40-70目1kg石英砂(河砂)作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至200℃,向骨料中加入环氧树脂E-55(616)10g,当温度降至140℃以下时,加入聚已酸内酯10g,然后加入咪唑0.2g,均匀混合。
3)冷却后,得到的支撑剂为粒径40-70目的颗粒,骨料表面包覆、或部分包覆有聚已酸内酯高分子材料。
实施例15
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取30-50目1kg石英砂(河砂)作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至220℃,向骨料中加入双酚A型不饱和聚酯3301 12g, 当温度降至130℃时,加入羧甲基羟丙基胍胶5g,然后加入过氧化苯甲酰0.1g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例16
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取30-50目1kg陶粒(密度高、中、低均可,本实施例选用体密度1.7g/cm3的陶粒)作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至220℃,向骨料中加入双酚A型不饱和聚酯3301 12g,搅拌,加入过氧化苯甲酰0.1g,当温度降至140℃时,加入阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺5g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例17
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取40-70目1kg陶粒(密度高、中、低均可,本实施例选用体密度1.7g/cm3的陶粒)作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至220℃,向骨料中加入双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂10g,搅拌,加入过氧化苯甲酰0.2g、当温度降至140℃时,加入聚乙酸乙烯醇10g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例18
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取30-50目1kg烧结铝土矿作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至210℃,向骨料中加入邻苯型不饱和聚酯191 10g,当温度降至130℃时,加入羟甲基纤维素5g,再加入过氧化苯甲酰0.02g、过氧化缩酮0.01g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例19
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取70-140目1kg烧结铝土矿和烧结氧化铝各一半,作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至210℃,向骨料中加入环氧树脂E-51(618)12g,搅拌后再加入固化剂芳香族胺3g,当温度降至140℃以下时,加入羧甲基羟丙基胍胶10g,
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例20
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取40-70目1kg不锈钢微球作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至220℃,向骨料中加入二甲苯不饱和聚酯树脂Xm-2 10g,当温度降至140℃时,依次加入壳聚糖10g、固化剂过氧化甲乙酮0.3g,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物冷却、筛分,即得。
实施例21
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)以石英砂(河砂)1000g为原料,经擦洗烘干后,砂中完全不含水,筛选20-40目的石英砂为骨料(以下实施例中石英砂的预处理过程相同);
2)环氧树脂E-55,按1∶1比例与乙酸乙酯混合。搅拌均匀,制得50mL的粘结剂溶液,然后向粘结剂溶液中加入骨料、10g胍胶。
3)步骤2)所得混合物80℃、2小时干燥后,筛分。
本实施例得到的支撑剂为粒径20-40目的颗粒,骨料表面包覆、或部分包覆有胍胶高分子材料。
实施例22
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取40-70目1kg石英砂(风积砂)作为骨料,备用;
2)环氧树脂E-51,按1∶1比例与甲酸乙酯混合。搅拌均匀,制得50mL的粘结剂溶液,然后向粘结剂溶液中加入骨料、10g羧甲基胍胶。
3)步骤2)所得混合物80℃、4小时干燥后,筛分,即得。
实施例23
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取30-50目1kg石英砂(海砂)和烧结氧化铝作为骨料,两种材料粒径相同,重量比8∶2,备用;
2)甲阶酚醛树脂8g,加入乙醇20g。搅拌均匀,然后向粘结剂溶液中加入骨料、10g聚丙烯酰胺。
3)步骤2)所得混合物自然干燥后,筛分,即得。
实施例24
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)以石英砂(河砂)为原料,经擦洗、120℃5h烘干后,砂中完全不含水,筛选20-40目的石英砂1000g为骨料;
2)室温下加入胍胶(室温下粘度150mPa.S)8g。搅拌均匀。干燥冷却后,筛分。
筛分后得到的支撑剂为粒径20-40目的颗粒(比骨料粒径稍大),骨料表面包覆、或部分包覆有胍胶高分子材料。
实施例25
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取30-50目1kg陶粒作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至200℃,当温度降至140℃时,加入5g阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的50%水溶液,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物干燥筛分,即得。
实施例26
本实施例提供了一种自悬浮支撑剂,由如下方法制备得到:
1)取30-50目1kg覆膜砂(按照专利CN1274626A实施例1的方法制造)作为骨料,备用;
2)加热至200℃,当温度降至130℃时,加入5g阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(分子量300万)的50%水溶液,均匀混合;
3)将上述步骤2)中的混合物干燥、筛分,即得。
对比例1
支撑剂:普通陶粒支撑剂,粒度20-40目。
对比例2
支撑剂:石英砂,粒度20-40目
对比例3
支撑剂:按照专利CN1640981A实施例2的方法制备的覆膜砂。
试验例1
活性水:0.25g的阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(300万)、1g的OP-10、10g的氯化钾、0.1g甲醛和488.65g的水。
活性水的制备过程为:将上述特定量的聚丙烯酰胺溶于488.65g的水中,混合均匀,得到稠化水;将上述特定量的OP-10溶于获得的稠化水中,混合均匀;再加入10g氯化钾,搅拌均匀;加入0.1g甲醛,搅拌均匀。
清水:自来水
试验方法:对实施例1-10、对比例1-3的支撑剂分别在活性水中进行了液体粘度、携砂性能以及摩阻参数测试,粘度测试方法参见标准(SYT5107-2005);沉降速度测定采用0.5m有机玻璃管,装入45cm高的活性水和砂比为30%的支撑剂,摇匀测试支撑剂的沉降速度;摩阻采用DV-III粘度计,配置30%砂比的压裂体系,固定转速和转子,测定它们的扭矩来表征。测试结果如下表1-表3:
表1 加入实施例1-10支撑剂后活性水的粘度
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000002
表1中,支撑剂与活性水的质量比为30∶100。序号1、2...表示实施例1、实施例2....,序号“对1”表示对比例1。
表2活性水中实施例1-10及对比例支撑剂的沉降速度
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000003
表3活性水中实施例1-10及对比例支撑剂的摩阻
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000004
测试结果显示,本发明提出的自悬浮支撑剂在活性水中具有优异的携砂能力和降摩阻能力。
试验方法:对实施例1-10、对比例1-3的支撑剂分别在清水中进行了液体粘度、携砂性能以及摩阻参数测试,粘度测试方法参见标准(SYT5107-2005);沉降速度测定采用0.5m有机玻璃管,装入45cm高的清水和砂比为30%的支撑剂,摇匀测试支撑剂的沉降速度;摩阻采用DV-III粘度计,配置30%砂比的压裂体系,固定转速和转子,测定它们的扭矩来表征。测试结果如下表4-表6:
表4加入实施例1-10支撑剂及对比例后清水的粘度
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000005
表5清水中支撑剂的沉降速度
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000006
本申请实施例1-10制备的支撑剂,按照砂比(支撑剂与水的重量份比例)10∶100、20∶100、30∶100加入到清水中,搅拌后,均能悬浮二小时以上。
对比例的支撑剂,按照砂比(支撑剂与水的重量份比例)10∶100、20∶100、30∶100加入到清水中,搅拌后,石英砂约10秒沉降0.5m,陶粒约15秒,覆膜砂约30秒。
表6清水中支撑剂的摩阻
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000007
测试结果显示,本发明所提出的支撑剂在清水压裂体系中具有优异的携砂能力和降摩阻能力。
实施例13-26的测试结果列于以下表中(测试方法同上)。
表7加入实施例13-26支撑剂后活性水的粘度
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000008
表8活性水中实施例13-26支撑剂的沉降速度
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000009
表9活性水中实施例13-23支撑剂的摩阻
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000010
测试结果显示,本发明提出的自悬浮支撑剂在活性水中具有优异的携砂能力和降摩阻能力。
表10加入实施例13-23支撑剂后清水的粘度
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000011
表11清水中实施例13-20支撑剂的沉降速度
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000012
本申请实施例1-12制备的支撑剂,按照砂比(支撑剂与水的体积比例)10∶100、20∶100、30∶100加入到清水中,搅拌后,均能悬浮二小时以上。
表12清水中实施例13-23支撑剂的摩阻
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000013
测试结果显示,本发明所提出的支撑剂在天然水压裂体系中具有优异的携砂能力和降摩阻能力。
实验例2
参照中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准,压裂支撑剂充填层短期导流能力评价方法,即APIRP61测试不同支撑剂填充层的渗透率;按照标准SY/T5108-2006进行机械性能检测,各实验组的组别命名同上。对实施例及对比例的实验结果见表13至表16。
表13各试验组渗透率结果(单位:μm2.cm)
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000015
表14机械强度测试
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000016
表15实施例13-26渗透率结果(单位:μm2.cm)
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000017
表16: 实施例13-26机械强度测试
Figure PCTCN2015075289-appb-000018
测试结果显示,本发明所提出的支撑剂在天然水压裂体系中具有优异的机械强度,不会在使用中破损。
实验例3:开采试验
长庆油田,某水平老井油井,井深2000米。流程见图1。
1)把天然水作为压裂液,把天然水输入井下储层,进行重新压裂,并形成地质裂缝;
2)在混砂罐中按100体积份天然水、30体积份实施例3自悬浮支撑剂,加入并搅拌,使之形成支撑剂悬浮液,然后将所述支撑剂悬浮液输入到所述地质裂缝中,使地质裂缝进一步延伸。
原活性水压裂中,200m3/hr的泵注排量。现使用3.0×106L天然水和9.0×105kg的实施例3自悬浮支撑剂,同样泵注排量,压裂曲线的油压降低10%。返排后检查,全部高分子材料均被返排。
实验例4:开采试验
本实验例提供了一种基于天然水携砂的压裂施工方法,用于天然气井,包括以下步骤:
本实施例所用天然水为地表河流里的清水,目测没有固体颗粒。本实施例所用支撑剂为20/40目、采用实施例7方法制备的自悬浮支撑剂。
步骤一、配置线性胶作为前置液,所用线性胶为0.3%羟丙基瓜胶的水溶液,经充分溶胀形成。
步骤二、连接压裂施工管线,利用前置液线性胶试压,并压开目标储层。
步骤三、在连续搅拌的状态下,以1.96m3/min的流量把清水泵入混砂车,同时以0.84m3/min的速率把自悬浮支撑剂输送入混砂车,混合均匀。
步骤四、混合均匀的悬浮液,经由压裂泵车以与混砂相同的速率泵入目标储层裂缝。
施工过程压力平稳,整个过程2.5小时,施工完毕关井1.5小时后返排。返排液3小时后清澈,5小时返排彻底。初期日产气700方/d,与临井常规瓜胶线性胶压裂相比,产量略有提高。
采用本发明所述的其他实施例制备的产品重复上述实验,具有同样的技术效果。
以上的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变型和改进,均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
工业实用性
本发明提出的自悬浮支撑剂,其是在颗粒状骨料上包覆、或部分包覆有水溶性高分子材料;所述骨料为具有承受裂缝闭合应力的足够机械强度的固体颗粒,选自石英砂、陶粒、金属颗粒、球状玻璃颗粒、烧结铝土矿、烧结氧化铝、烧结氧化锆、合成树脂、覆膜砂、粉碎的果壳颗粒中的一种或多种;水溶性高分子的用量为骨料用量的0.1~5wt%。本发明提出的自悬浮支撑剂无需使用添加了有机高分子且成本昂贵的压裂液进行压裂,直接使用随处可得的天然水进行压裂,减小了污染,降低了成本。本发明提出的自悬浮支撑剂能降低压裂液的摩阻,使得应用本发明的压裂支撑体系与现有的压裂液具有基本相同的性能,易输送,易返排。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种自悬浮支撑剂,其特征在于,所述自悬浮支撑剂是在颗粒状骨料上包覆、或部分包覆有水溶性高分子材料;
    所述骨料为具有承受裂缝闭合应力的足够机械强度的固体颗粒,选自石英砂、陶粒、金属颗粒、球状玻璃颗粒、烧结铝土矿、烧结氧化铝、烧结氧化锆、合成树脂、覆膜砂、粉碎的果壳颗粒中的一种或多种;所述金属颗粒的材质为碳钢、不锈钢、铝合金、铁镍合金、铁锰合金中的一种或多种;
    所述的水溶性高分子材料选自天然高分子、人工合成高分子或半天然半人工合成的高分子材料,所述水溶性高分子的用量为骨料用量的0.1~15wt%。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自悬浮支撑剂,其特征在于,所述骨料的尺寸为6-200目。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的自悬浮支撑剂,其特征在于,所述的天然高分子材料选自淀粉、植物胶、动物胶或海藻胶;所述植物胶为***胶、黄耆胶、槐豆胶、胍胶、田菁胶、大豆胶中的一种或多种;所述的动物胶为骨胶、明胶、干酪素、壳聚糖中的一种或多种;所述的海藻胶为藻蛋白酸钠、海藻酸钠、琼胶中的一种或多种;所述的水溶性高分子材料为遇水快速溶胀或溶解的有机材料,选自天然高分子材料、人工合成的高分子材料或半天然半人工合成的高分子材料;
    所述人工合成的高分子材料包括缩合类和聚合类高分子材料;其中,缩合类高分子材料选自聚胺树脂、氨基树脂和聚氨酯树脂中的一种或多种;聚合类高分子材料选自聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸、聚乙二醇、聚氧化乙烯、聚马来酸酐、聚季铵盐中的一种或多种;所述的半天然半人工合成的高分子材料包括改性淀粉、改性纤维素和改性植物胶,具体选自淀粉衍生物、羧甲基淀粉、羟甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羧乙基淀粉、醋酸淀粉、羟甲基瓜尔胶、 羟丙基瓜尔胶、羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的自悬浮支撑剂,其特征在于,所述颗粒状骨料上还包覆有粘结剂,所述粘结剂包括所有具有附着功能的材料,包括天然粘结剂和合成粘结剂,所述天然粘结剂包括动物胶、植物胶和矿物胶;所述动物胶选自皮胶、骨胶、虫胶、酪素胶、白蛋白胶、鱼鳔胶中的一种或多种;所述植物胶选自淀粉、糊精、松脂、桐油、***树胶、天然橡胶中的一种或多种;所述矿物胶选自矿物蜡、沥青中的一种或多种;所述合成粘结剂选自酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、杂环高分子粘结剂中的一种或多种,粘结剂的用量为骨料用量0.5-15wt%。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的自悬浮支撑剂,其特征在于,所述酚醛树脂为热塑性酚醛树脂和/或热固性酚醛树脂;
    所述的环氧树脂选自环氧树脂E-42、E-35、E-20(601)、E-14、E-12、E-06、E-03、E-55(616)、E-51(618)、E-44(6101)、E-42(634)、E-35(637)、E-20(601)、E-12(604)、E-06(607)、E-03(609)中的一种或多种;
    所述的不饱和聚酯树脂为邻苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、间苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、二甲苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂、卤代不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂中的一种或多种;优选型号为191或196的邻苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、型号为199的间苯型不饱和聚酯树脂、树脂型号为2608、902A3、Xm-1、Xm-2的二甲苯型不饱和聚酯树脂中的一种或多种;选自型号为197、3301、323的双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂中的一种或多种;所述杂环高分子粘结剂选自聚酰亚胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯硫醚、聚二苯醚中的一种或多种。
  6. 权利要求1-5任一所述的自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,是将水溶性高分子材料分散于骨料中制得。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于, 是在15-150℃条件下,将水溶性高分子材料分散于骨料中制得;
    所述的水溶性高分子材料选自植物胶、动物胶或微生物胶中的一种,所述水溶性高分子的用量为骨料用量的0.5-15wt%。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,是将骨料先升温至170-200℃,然后待骨料降温至80-150℃,将水溶性高分子材料分散于骨料中。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,以6-200目的颗粒为骨料,向骨料中加入粘结剂溶液并搅拌,所述粘结剂溶液占骨料重量10-30%,再加入占骨料重量0.1~5%的水溶性高分子材料并搅拌,所述粘结剂溶液的溶剂为有机溶剂,所述有机溶剂选自丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯氯仿,二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、乙醇中的一种或多种。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,是将粘结剂分散于骨料中,加入固化剂,再加入水溶性高分子材料而得;
    或,是将粘结剂分散于骨料中,加入水溶性高分子材料,再加入固化剂而得;
    其中,所述固化剂为脂肪族胺及其加成物、叔胺及其盐、芳香族胺及其改性体、咪唑、酸酐、过氧化酰、过氧化脂、多聚甲醛、酚醛胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、六次甲基四胺中的一种;固化剂为粘结剂重量的0.5-10%。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
    1)以石英砂、陶粒、金属颗粒、球状玻璃颗粒、烧结铝土矿、烧结氧化铝、烧结氧化锆、合成树脂、覆膜砂、粉碎的果壳颗粒中的一种或多种为骨料;
    加热至50-300℃,降温至240℃以下,加入重量为骨料重量 0.5~15wt%的粘结剂并搅拌;
    2)当步骤1)所得混合物温度降至150℃以下时,加入骨料重量的0.1~5wt%的水溶性高分子材料,并搅拌。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤1)或步骤2)中加入固化剂。
  13. 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
    1)以石英砂、陶粒、覆膜砂、金属颗粒、球状玻璃颗粒、烧结铝土矿、烧结氧化铝、烧结氧化锆、合成树脂、粉碎的果壳颗粒中的一种或多种为骨料,加入重量为骨料重量0.5~15wt%的粘结剂并搅拌;
    2)加入骨料重量的0.1~5wt%的水溶性高分子材料,再加入固化剂,并搅拌。
  14. 根据权利要求11或13所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)之后还包括冷却和筛分的步骤。
  15. 一种天然水压裂施工方法,其特征在于,是向作为携砂液的体积份100份天然水中添加5-60体积份权利要求1-5任一所述的自悬浮支撑剂,形成水力压裂悬浮液,然后将所得悬浮液输送到地下岩层中;所述作为携砂液的天然水选自河水、养殖用水、湖水、海水及地下水中的一种或多种。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的天然水压裂施工方法,其特征在于,首先以冻胶、线性胶、滑溜水或者天然水中的一种作为前置液,利用高压泵车泵入前置液并压裂目标储层,形成初期的地质裂缝。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的天然水压裂施工方法,其特征在于,所述岩层是稠油油藏的岩层、页岩层、盐岩层、沉积岩层中的一种。
PCT/CN2015/075289 2014-03-28 2015-03-27 一种自悬浮支撑剂及其制备和应用 WO2015144091A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/129,773 US20170145302A1 (en) 2014-03-28 2015-03-27 Self-suspending proppant and preparation and use thereof
EP15769703.8A EP3124741A4 (en) 2014-03-28 2015-03-27 Self-suspending proppant and preparation and use thereof
CA2948953A CA2948953A1 (en) 2014-03-28 2015-03-27 Self-suspending proppant and preparation and use thereof
RU2016142542A RU2652592C1 (ru) 2014-03-28 2015-03-27 Самосуспендирующийся проппант, его приготовление и использование

Applications Claiming Priority (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410124455.4 2014-03-28
CN201410124576.9A CN104948154A (zh) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 一种天然水压裂施工方法
CN201410124452.0 2014-03-28
CN201410123724.5A CN104946233B (zh) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 一种用于天然水压裂的自悬浮支撑剂
CN201410124452.0A CN104946235A (zh) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法及制备得到的支撑剂
CN201410123922.1A CN104944840A (zh) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 用于天然水压裂施工的自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法
CN201410124182.3A CN104946234A (zh) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 一种自悬浮支撑剂及其制备方法
CN201410123922.1 2014-03-28
CN201410124576.9 2014-03-28
CN201410124182.3 2014-03-28
CN201410123908.1A CN104948158A (zh) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 水力压裂的油气田开采方法
CN201410123908.1 2014-03-28
CN201410124455.4A CN104948159A (zh) 2014-03-28 2014-03-28 一种天然水压裂施工方法
CN201410123724.5 2014-03-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015144091A1 true WO2015144091A1 (zh) 2015-10-01

Family

ID=54193991

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2015/075289 WO2015144091A1 (zh) 2014-03-28 2015-03-27 一种自悬浮支撑剂及其制备和应用

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20170145302A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3124741A4 (zh)
CA (1) CA2948953A1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2652592C1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2015144091A1 (zh)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018085082A3 (en) * 2016-11-03 2018-08-23 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters
US10435624B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2019-10-08 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters
US10508231B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2019-12-17 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters
CN110791280A (zh) * 2019-10-24 2020-02-14 白成才 一种覆膜支撑剂及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10066155B1 (en) 2017-02-13 2018-09-04 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Viscosifying proppants for use in carbon dioxide-based fracturing fluids and methods of making and use thereof
US10131832B2 (en) 2017-02-13 2018-11-20 Aramco Services Company Self-suspending proppants for use in carbon dioxide-based fracturing fluids and methods of making and use thereof
US11274243B2 (en) 2018-06-08 2022-03-15 Sunita Hydrocolloids Inc. Friction reducers, fracturing fluid compositions and uses thereof
US11746282B2 (en) 2018-06-08 2023-09-05 Sunita Hydrocolloids Inc. Friction reducers, fracturing fluid compositions and uses thereof
CN111088028B (zh) * 2018-10-23 2022-07-08 中国石油化工股份有限公司 超低密度支撑剂及其制备方法和应用
CN111607383A (zh) * 2019-02-25 2020-09-01 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 支撑剂及其制备方法
WO2021247666A1 (en) 2020-06-02 2021-12-09 Cameron International Corporation Fracturing slurry on demand using produced water
CN112080271B (zh) * 2020-09-08 2023-01-20 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 镍铁渣基石油压裂支撑剂及其制备方法
CN116333718A (zh) * 2020-10-08 2023-06-27 北京化科开源新材料科技有限公司 一种膨胀材料组合物、自增粘颗粒及其制备方法
CN115851253A (zh) * 2021-09-24 2023-03-28 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种自悬浮覆膜支撑剂及其制备方法
CN114958319A (zh) * 2022-07-11 2022-08-30 西南石油大学 一种适用于裂缝性地层的类胶囊智能堵漏材料及其制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013033391A1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2013-03-07 Soane Energy, Llc Self-suspending proppants for hydraulic fracturing
CN103131406A (zh) * 2011-11-23 2013-06-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种超疏水支撑剂及制备方法
CN103194204A (zh) * 2013-04-10 2013-07-10 北京奥陶科技有限公司 一种用于煤层气与页岩气水力压裂的支撑剂及其制备方法
CN103275694A (zh) * 2013-05-21 2013-09-04 中国地质大学(武汉) 一种低渗油藏采油用清水携带石油支撑剂及其制备方法
WO2013158306A1 (en) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-24 Soane Energy, Llc Self-suspending proppants for hydraulic fracturing

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050028979A1 (en) * 1996-11-27 2005-02-10 Brannon Harold Dean Methods and compositions of a storable relatively lightweight proppant slurry for hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing applications
CA2497276C (en) * 2002-09-03 2010-11-02 Bj Services Company Method of treating subterranean formations with porous ceramic particulate materials
US7135231B1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2006-11-14 Fairmont Minerals, Ltd. Process for incremental coating of proppants for hydraulic fracturing and proppants produced therefrom
US7244492B2 (en) * 2004-03-04 2007-07-17 Fairmount Minerals, Ltd. Soluble fibers for use in resin coated proppant
RU2433157C2 (ru) * 2005-01-21 2011-11-10 Фэйрмаунт Минералз, Лтд. Отклоняющая жидкость
US7490667B2 (en) * 2006-10-02 2009-02-17 Fairmount Minerals, Inc. Proppants with soluble composite coatings
CA2777748C (en) * 2009-10-20 2017-09-19 Soane Energy Llc Proppants for hydraulic fracturing technologies
US9169433B2 (en) * 2012-09-27 2015-10-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for enhancing well productivity and minimizing water production using swellable polymers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013033391A1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2013-03-07 Soane Energy, Llc Self-suspending proppants for hydraulic fracturing
CN103131406A (zh) * 2011-11-23 2013-06-05 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种超疏水支撑剂及制备方法
WO2013158306A1 (en) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-24 Soane Energy, Llc Self-suspending proppants for hydraulic fracturing
CN103194204A (zh) * 2013-04-10 2013-07-10 北京奥陶科技有限公司 一种用于煤层气与页岩气水力压裂的支撑剂及其制备方法
CN103275694A (zh) * 2013-05-21 2013-09-04 中国地质大学(武汉) 一种低渗油藏采油用清水携带石油支撑剂及其制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP3124741A4 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10435624B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2019-10-08 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters
US10508231B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2019-12-17 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters
US10731074B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2020-08-04 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters
WO2018085082A3 (en) * 2016-11-03 2018-08-23 Arr-Maz Products, L.P. Attrition resistant proppant composite and its composition matters
CN110791280A (zh) * 2019-10-24 2020-02-14 白成才 一种覆膜支撑剂及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170145302A1 (en) 2017-05-25
EP3124741A4 (en) 2017-04-19
EP3124741A1 (en) 2017-02-01
RU2652592C1 (ru) 2018-04-27
CA2948953A1 (en) 2015-10-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2015144091A1 (zh) 一种自悬浮支撑剂及其制备和应用
CN104948160A (zh) 自悬浮支撑剂及其制备和施工方法
CN110157405B (zh) 用于非常规储层水力压裂的覆膜支撑剂及制备和应用
CN104946233B (zh) 一种用于天然水压裂的自悬浮支撑剂
CN104948159A (zh) 一种天然水压裂施工方法
CN104946234A (zh) 一种自悬浮支撑剂及其制备方法
EP2737001B1 (en) A method of slickwater fracturing
CN104893707A (zh) 一种用于清水压裂的自悬浮支撑剂及其制备方法
CN104946235A (zh) 自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法及制备得到的支撑剂
CN104948154A (zh) 一种天然水压裂施工方法
BRPI0700682B1 (pt) contas de baixa gravidade específica aparente revestidas com resina curável e processo de utilização das mesmas
US9879174B2 (en) Method of fluid slug consolidation within a fluid system in downhole applications
CN104944840A (zh) 用于天然水压裂施工的自悬浮支撑剂的制备方法
US11255176B2 (en) Methods of propping created fractures and microfractures in tight formation
CN110746956A (zh) 具有靶向功能的自悬浮水力压裂覆膜支撑剂及制备和应用
WO2017003464A1 (en) Improved vertical proppant suspension in hydraulic fractures
CN114836184A (zh) 一种海上大漏失油水井修井用可降解暂堵剂及其使用方法
CN111088028B (zh) 超低密度支撑剂及其制备方法和应用
CN112111265A (zh) 一种用于水力压裂的原位生成支撑剂
CN103980404B (zh) 一种高强度聚合物微球及其制备方法和应用
CN103194204B (zh) 一种用于煤层气与页岩气水力压裂的支撑剂及其制备方法
CN111154479A (zh) 一种页岩碎屑覆膜支撑剂及其制备方法和应用
CN106930745A (zh) 油气田开采方法
CN116814237A (zh) 多功能复合支撑剂及其制备方法
WO2018125090A1 (en) Methods for treating fracture faces in propped fractures using fine particulates

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 15769703

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 15129773

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2016142542

Country of ref document: RU

Kind code of ref document: A

REEP Request for entry into the european phase

Ref document number: 2015769703

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2015769703

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2948953

Country of ref document: CA