WO2015131334A1 - 一种建筑结构及其施工方法 - Google Patents
一种建筑结构及其施工方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015131334A1 WO2015131334A1 PCT/CN2014/072865 CN2014072865W WO2015131334A1 WO 2015131334 A1 WO2015131334 A1 WO 2015131334A1 CN 2014072865 W CN2014072865 W CN 2014072865W WO 2015131334 A1 WO2015131334 A1 WO 2015131334A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- keel
- main beam
- column
- floor
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 225
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 225
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/10—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with metal beams or girders, e.g. with steel lattice girders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/14—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or girders laid in two directions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
- E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
- E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
- E04B5/40—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element with metal form-slabs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
- E04C3/32—Columns; Pillars; Struts of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2415—Brackets, gussets, joining plates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B2001/2466—Details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2472—Elongated load-supporting part formed from a number of parallel profiles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B2001/2484—Details of floor panels or slabs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
- E04B2005/322—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with permanent forms for the floor edges
Definitions
- the invention relates to a building structure such as a bridge, a pedestrian bridge, a house, and a construction method thereof, and particularly relates to a building structure and a construction method thereof.
- the load-bearing structure of the building mainly bears the frame structure, so that the requirements for the wall are low, the consumption of materials is low, and the construction efficiency is high.
- the existing building frame structure mainly includes columns, beams and floors.
- the column has a steel structure and a steel structure.
- the reinforced concrete structure of the column is formed by first tying the steel bar, then installing the formwork, then pouring the concrete into the formwork, and finally, after the concrete is solidified, the formwork is removed and the reinforced concrete column is formed.
- the beam and floor slabs are formed by first tying the steel bars, then installing the formwork, then pouring the concrete into the formwork, and finally removing the formwork to form the reinforced concrete beams and the slab after the concrete has solidified.
- the above methods for forming reinforced concrete structural columns, beams, and slabs require the construction of steel bars, installation and disassembly templates on the construction site, and therefore, the construction speed is slow, the efficiency is low, and the labor intensity is large.
- the installation and removal of the formwork on site requires scaffolding and support, and the labor is particularly labor intensive when installing the formwork.
- the rigidity of the steel bar is not easy to deform, the structural rigidity of the steel bar is poor, the stability is not good, and the precision cannot be controlled like the mechanical parts. Therefore, the steel structure of the column, the floor and the beam cannot be processed at the factory in the factory. It is not possible to fix the formwork of the formed beam and the floor in advance with the steel bar in the factory.
- the form of a large number of square wood plus steel pipe support or gantry support is generally used under the wooden formwork, and there is also a support system that can be combined with the telescopic steel beam by adjusting support and the like.
- a large number of saws and nailed wood stencils are used, and good quality wood stencils can only be reused 6-7 times; due to repeated nailing and detaching, wooden stencils are easily damaged;
- the wooden formwork and support are not worth the money, it is a pity to lose time, and it takes time and manpower to saw off the damaged part when it is used again. It is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and consumes wood.
- a modular assembly type building template device in which a plurality of polygonal large tubes are fixedly connected to form a square or rectangular frame, and a plurality of polygonal small tubes are arranged in each other.
- the fixed-shaped cross-shaped skeleton has four sides fixed on the inner side of the frame; the wooden template is fixedly mounted on the skeleton; the polygonal large tube of the frame is uniformly provided with a plurality of first connecting holes, and each frame and each frame pass The plurality of first connecting holes are movably connected to each other to form a slab, a beam, a column and the like of the building; the four corners on the frame are provided with a plurality of second connecting holes, and the frame is adjustable through the plurality of second connecting holes Support tube device active connection; multilateral on the border
- the large-sized tube is connected with the retractable beam formwork device; the utility model only processes the formwork structure into a unit module in the factory, the beam, the floor plate or the steel structure on site, which requires on-site construction, and the formwork device is in the construction process.
- an unsupported self-supporting cast-in-place concrete structure is disclosed, the built-in steel truss _ concrete composite beam comprises a steel truss, a steel bottom mold, a side mold and a pull reinforcement, and the steel truss two A pair of pull bars are respectively welded on the lower chords of the side, and steel bottom molds are welded on the two sets of pull bars, and the side molds are fixed to the steel bottom mold.
- the invention only the entire load of the beam is finally transmitted to the frame column, and the template of the beam can be installed on the site, but in the construction stage, the floor formwork needs to be installed at the construction site, and the scaffolding is required when installing the floor formwork, the floor formwork Supporting frame support is also required, and floor slab reinforcement is also required to be installed at the construction site. Therefore, the invention only reduces the number of support frames, reduces the amount of construction on site, and the construction period is still long, and the construction labor intensity is still high. Summary of the invention
- the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a template that does not need support at all during the construction process, the skeleton of the building structure and the formwork of the floor and the beam are assembled at the factory, greatly reducing the labor cost and construction intensity of the construction site, and greatly shortening Construction period and cost reduction of the building structure and construction methods.
- a building structure comprising a column unit, a main beam unit, and a floor unit;
- the floor unit comprises a mesh floor keel unit and a floor formwork, and the floor keel unit comprises a load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel having a large cross-sectional area and a fixed longitudinal steel large keel
- the transverse cross-section steel small keel of the array has a small cross-sectional area, the floor slab form is fixed with the slab keel unit, and the top surface of the slab formwork and the bottom surface of the longitudinal steel large keel are provided with a gap
- the main beam unit comprises a main beam keel unit, which is fixed on the main beam
- the main beam formwork on the keel unit, the main beam keel unit comprises a large cross-sectional area of the heavy-duty steel main beam large keel, the top surface of the main beam formwork and the bottom surface of the main beam large keel are provided with a
- the building structure is a slab-column structure;
- the main beam unit comprises a side main beam unit;
- the main beam keel unit of the main main beam unit comprises two or more arrays of main beam large keels, and also includes an array and is placed on the main beam.
- the main beam unit also includes end plates, the end plates are fixed at the ends of the main beam large keel;
- the beam template includes a bottom plate parallel to the horizontal plane and an outer plate of the vertical bottom plate.
- the bottom plate and the outer plate form an L shape, and the top surface of the bottom plate is fitted to the bottom surface of the main beam small keel, and the top surface of the outer plate is higher than the top of the main beam keel unit.
- the bottom plate and the floor slab are flush and fitted together.
- the main beam unit further includes an intermediate main beam unit;
- the main beam keel of the intermediate main beam unit The unit comprises two or more arrays of main beam large keels, and further comprises an array of small steel main beam keels placed under the main beam large keel, perpendicular to the main beam large keel and fixed, small cross section;
- the middle main beam unit further comprises an end The plate and the end plate are fixed at both ends of the main beam large keel; the top surface of the main beam template of the middle main beam unit is fitted with the bottom surface of the main beam small keel and is flush with the floor plate template and is fitted together.
- the building structure is a slab-pillar beam structure;
- the main beam unit comprises a side main beam unit;
- the main beam keel unit of the main main beam unit comprises two or more arrays of main beam large keels, and also includes an array, placed in the main
- the main beam unit includes an end plate below the large keel of the large keel and perpendicular to the main keel, and the small cross section is fixed;
- the main beam unit is further fixed at the two ends of the main beam large keel;
- the beam formwork comprises a bottom plate parallel to the horizontal plane and an outer side plate and an inner side plate of the vertical bottom plate.
- the top surface of the bottom plate is fitted to the bottom surface of the main beam small keel, and the top surface of the outer side plate is higher than the top surface of the main beam keel unit, the inner side plate The top surface is flush with the top surface of the floor slab, and the inner side panel is affixed to the slab formwork.
- the main beam keel unit of the intermediate main beam unit comprises two or more arrays of main beam large keels, and also includes an array, placed under the main beam big keel, perpendicular to the main beam big keel and fixed, small cross section
- the main beam unit has a small keel;
- the main beam unit further comprises an end plate, and the end plate is fixed at both ends of the main beam large keel;
- the main beam template of the middle main beam unit comprises a bottom plate parallel to the horizontal plane and two side plates of the vertical bottom plate, the bottom plate
- the top surface of the main beam is fitted to the bottom surface of the main beam small keel, and the top surface of the side plate is flush with the top surface of the floor slab, and the side plate and the slab formwork are attached together.
- the floor unit also includes a floor slab, the floor slab is a metal formwork to be disassembled; the floor slab is placed between the slab keel unit and the floor slab; the slab decorative board and the floor slab are provided
- the main beam keel unit of the main beam unit is supported on the support leg; the floor slab and the floor slab are fixed on the corresponding floor keel unit from below by fasteners; the floor slab is facing upwards
- the transverse steel small keel comprises an upper transverse steel small keel fixed on the top surface of the longitudinal steel large keel and a lower transverse steel small keel fixed on the bottom surface of the longitudinal steel large keel;
- the suspension portion comprises a fixed longitudinal steel The angle of the two ends of the big keel; the upper transverse steel small keel and the lower transverse steel small keel are staggered; the end face of the lower transverse steel small keel is flush with the corresponding side of the floor slab, and the outer side of the outermost two transverse steel keels The corresponding side of the floor slab template is flush; the floor keel unit is supported on the main beam keel unit by the horizontal part of the corner code; the bottom surface of the lower transverse steel small keel is fitted to the top surface of the floor slab formwork.
- the suspension portion further comprises a transverse steel connecting strip connected to the bottom surface of the horizontal portion of the corner code; the two ends of the upper transverse steel small keel protrude from the floor slab, on the bottom surface of the upper transverse steel small keel A longitudinal steel connecting strip is connected; the longitudinal connecting strip is flush with the bottom surface of the horizontal connecting strip; and the bottom surface of the longitudinal connecting strip and the horizontal connecting strip is supported on the corresponding main beam keel unit.
- the floor slab template is detachable, and the floor slab is fixed on the slab keel unit from below by fasteners;
- the slab form unit includes a slab formwork and a reinforcing strip fixed on the bottom surface of the slab formwork.
- the secondary beam unit is further included; the secondary beam unit includes the secondary beam keel unit and the secondary beam template; the secondary beam keel unit includes two or more arrays of the secondary beam large keel, and the array includes the array and the secondary beam.
- the secondary beam unit also includes The end plate is fixed at the two ends of the secondary beam large keel;
- the support portion is provided on the main beam keel unit or the suspension portion is arranged on the secondary beam keel unit, and the secondary beam keel unit is supported on the support of the main beam keel unit
- the upper beam is supported on the main beam keel unit by the suspension portion of the secondary beam keel unit;
- the secondary beam template is spliced with the corresponding floor slab template, and the top plane is flush with the top plane of the floor slab template.
- a through hole for accommodating concrete is provided on the longitudinal steel large keel.
- a plurality of short-padded tubes with a horizontal axis are fixed on the bottom surface of each longitudinal steel large keel, and the bottom surface of the short-padded tube is fitted to the top surface of the floor stencil.
- the column unit further includes a column template, and two or more column templates are arranged at the same height position;
- the column keel unit includes two or more arrays of load-bearing vertical columns and large keels;
- the column skeleton unit further includes
- the short connecting pipe between the large keel of the column, which is used to separate the large keel of the column and fix the large keel of the same column at the same height, is a short connecting pipe in the vertical direction, and is fixed on the two outer sides opposite to the big keel of different columns.
- the support feet are placed in a tubular cavity formed by the post template.
- a construction method for a building structure comprising the steps of:
- Production column frame unit Fix the column keel unit of the same column frame unit together, and fix the support foot on the column keel unit ;
- the floor unit consists of a mesh floor keel unit and floor formwork.
- the suspension is fixed at the two ends of the longitudinal steel large keel.
- the longitudinal steel large keel is fixed with the transverse steel small keel.
- the floor slab and the floor keel are fixed. Unit fixed;
- the main beam large keel and the main beam small keel are fixed together to form a main beam keel unit, and the main beam template is fixed on the main beam keel unit;
- the hoisting main beam unit is placed on the support leg of the column skeleton unit and fixed; after the main beam unit is installed, the main beam unit and the column skeleton unit form a cell;
- the hoisting floor unit is placed in the cell, and the hanging part of the floor unit is supported on the main beam keel unit; the combined column frame unit, the main beam formwork of the main beam unit, and the floor slab form of the floor unit are spliced together to form an opening Upward cavity;
- a construction method for a building structure comprising the steps of:
- the column unit of the building structure further comprises a column template, and two or more column templates surrounding the closed tubular cavity are provided at the same height position; and the construction method comprises the following steps: 1) Produce or standardize the production of column column unit, main beam unit and floor unit according to design requirements; Production column frame unit: Fix the column keel unit of the same column frame unit together, and fix the support foot on the column keel unit ;
- the floor unit consists of a mesh floor keel unit and floor formwork.
- the suspension is fixed at the two ends of the longitudinal steel large keel.
- the longitudinal steel large keel is fixed with the transverse steel small keel.
- the floor slab and the floor keel are fixed. Unit fixed;
- the main beam large keel and the main beam small keel are fixed together to form a main beam keel unit, and the main beam template is fixed on the main beam keel unit;
- the hoisting main beam unit is placed on the support leg of the column skeleton unit and fixed; after the main beam unit is installed, the main beam unit and the column skeleton unit form a cell;
- the hoisting floor unit is placed in the cell, and the hanging part of the floor unit is supported on the main beam keel unit; the combined column frame unit, the main beam formwork of the main beam unit, and the floor slab form of the floor unit are spliced together to form an opening Upward cavity;
- the concrete in the cavity encloses all the main beam large keel, part or all of the main beam small keel, all longitudinal steel large keels, part or all of the transverse steel small keel; tubular empty
- the concrete in the cavity wraps all the keel units of the column, and the concrete in the cavity forms an integral structure with the concrete in the tubular cavity; after the concrete solidifies, all the main beam keel units, the floor keel unit and the concrete, all the column skeleton units and The concrete forms an integrated floor, main beam and column.
- the utility model has the beneficial effects that the keel unit of the column skeleton unit, the main beam unit and the floor unit adopts a steel keel; the rigidity is good, the strength is high, and the deformation is not easy with respect to the steel mesh, and the concrete gravity and impact are affected when the template is subjected to gravity and watering. In the case of force, etc., it will not be deformed; in particular, the column frame unit, the main beam unit, and the floor unit have high length and width dimensions, high stability, and are as easy to control as mechanical parts, such that the column frame unit, the main beam unit, and The slab unit can be processed at the factory according to the design requirements, or designed as a standard part.
- the invention assembles the column skeleton unit, the main beam unit and the floor unit separately in the factory to form components similar to mechanical devices, in particular, the template is also assembled in the factory to the corresponding unit, and the support of the column skeleton unit is not required at the construction site.
- the foot is welded on the keel of the column and the longitudinal steel keel and the transverse steel keel of the slab keel unit are welded together, and the keel keel unit and the main beam keel unit are not welded at the construction site, and the slab keel unit is directly placed.
- the labor cost and construction intensity of the construction site are greatly reduced, the construction period is shortened and the construction cost is greatly reduced; the column skeleton unit, the main beam unit and the floor unit are assembled separately at the factory, and the efficiency is greatly improved, labor intensity Greatly reduced, the labor environment is greatly improved, the quality of each unit can be guaranteed, and mechanized production can be realized.
- the template can be a one-time decorative plate that does not need to be disassembled, forming a decorative panel of the roof, and no need to renovate the roof, which can shorten the decoration period and reduce the decoration cost; the template can also be a reusable metal template, so that the template passes
- the fasteners are fixed on the longitudinal steel large keel, which is quick and labor-saving.
- the template can also be divided into two layers, the upper layer is a thin decorative board that does not need to be disassembled, and the lower layer is a reusable metal template to be disassembled; the decorative board of this structure transmits the force on the decorative board when the concrete is poured
- the metal formwork so the decorative board can be made very thin, and there is no requirement for the material, that is, it can be used for decoration and cost saving.
- the decorative panel is provided with an inverted buckle, and the inverted buckle is embedded in the concrete. After the metal template is removed, the decorative panel can also be reliably fixed with the concrete.
- the present invention overcomes the inertial thinking that the prior art must install the template on the spot, but designs the pillar frame unit, the main beam unit, and the floor unit into mechanical component parts, and does not require a support frame at all.
- the formwork does not need to be disassembled into a part of the building structure, the construction of the building structure can be completed without scaffolding.
- the structural structure of the slab-column structure, the steel-concrete slab and the steel-concrete beam are flush.
- the structural structure of the slab-pillar beam structure, the steel-concrete beam protrudes from the steel-concrete floor.
- the main beam keel unit is composed of the main beam big keel and the main beam small keel.
- the main beam small keel connects the main beam big keel to each other, and then fixes the end plate at both ends of the main beam big keel, at the same strength, rigidity and subject. In the case of force, the weight of the main beam keel unit is reduced, and the main beam unit is fixed to the column.
- the column unit of the steel-concrete structure is filled with concrete, and the concrete poured in the column unit is integrated with the concrete of the floor and the beam; the supporting feet are also embedded in the concrete, which greatly increases the firmness and shock resistance of the entire building.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion I of Fig. 2.
- Fig. 4 is another perspective exploded view showing the concrete of the first embodiment of the present invention with the concrete removed.
- Fig. 5 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete of the second embodiment of the present invention with the concrete removed.
- Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion II of Fig. 5.
- Fig. 7 is a perspective exploded perspective view showing the concrete of the embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- Fig. 8 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 9 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 10 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- Fig. 11 is a perspective exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of removing concrete according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- Figure 12 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 13 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in Example 6 of the present invention.
- Fig. 14 is an enlarged schematic view showing the I I I portion of Fig. 13;
- Fig. 15 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 16 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 17 is a perspective exploded perspective view showing the concrete of Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- Figure 18 is a perspective exploded perspective view showing the concrete of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- Figure 19 is a perspective exploded perspective view showing the concrete of Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
- Fig. 20 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the embodiment 12 of the present invention.
- a building structure of a slab-column structure includes two symmetrical column units 1, a column unit 2, a column unit 3, and a column unit 4 distributed at four corner positions of a rectangle, and is placed on the column.
- the main beam unit 19 between the units 9, the main beam unit 20 installed between the column unit 7, the column unit 4, the main beam unit 21 installed between the column unit 4 and the column unit 8, and the structure and installation method The same floor unit 22, floor unit 23, floor unit 24, and floor unit 25.
- the column unit 3 includes only a column skeleton unit, and the column skeleton unit includes a column keel 26, and a support leg 27 fixed on the column keel 26 for supporting the main beam keel unit 17 for supporting the main beam keel unit 18 Support foot 28.
- the column keel is made of I-beam, and the I-beam profile is the existing profile, which can be used directly. It is faster and cheaper than the existing template-forming column, and the cost is also low.
- the support leg 27 includes a fixed plate 29, a support plate 30 and two rib plates 31.
- the support plate 30 is welded to the fixed plate 29, the support plate 30 is at an angle of 90° to the fixed plate 29, and the rib plate 31 is placed below the support plate 30.
- the fixing plate 29 and the support plate 30 are welded to increase the strength of the support legs.
- the fixing plate 29 is welded to the side of the column keel 26 for supporting the main beam unit 17.
- the support legs 28 are identical in structure to the support legs 27 and perpendicular to each other.
- the column unit 6 is different from the column unit 3 in that three support legs are provided on the column unit 6, and support legs 32 are further provided on the surface of the column unit 6 opposite to the column unit 3.
- the column unit 8 is symmetrical with the vertical unit of the column unit 6 with respect to its center position.
- the column unit 5 has the same structure as the column unit 6, and its mounting relationship is rotated 180° clockwise with respect to the column unit 6.
- the column unit 7 is symmetrical with the vertical unit of the column unit 5 with respect to its center position.
- the column unit 9 is different from the column unit 6 in that four support legs are provided on the column unit 9, and the column unit 9 and the column unit 6 are arranged. Supporting feet (not shown) are also provided on the opposite faces.
- the main beam unit 18 is a side main beam unit, including a main beam keel unit, and a main beam template fixed on the main beam keel unit.
- the main beam keel unit comprises two horizontally-oriented large-section bearing-shaped tubular steel main beam large keels 33, and also includes a uniform array, placed under the main beam large keel 33, perpendicular to the main beam large keel 33, top
- the surface is bonded to the bottom surface of the main beam large keel 33, welded to the main beam large keel 33, eleven small cross-section square tubular steel main beam small keel 34, and both ends of the two main beam large keels 33 are
- the outermost side of the corresponding outermost main beam small keel 34 is flush; and the two end plates 35 respectively disposed at the two ends of the main beam large keel 33, the two end plates 35 respectively and the two ends of the main beam large keel 33 and corresponding The outer side of the outermost
- the main beam formwork comprises a bottom plate 36 parallel to the horizontal plane and an outer side plate 37 of the vertical bottom plate 36.
- the bottom plate 36 and the outer side plate 37 form an L shape, and the top surface of the bottom plate 36 is fitted to the bottom surface of the main beam small keel 34, and the main beam formwork and the main frame
- the beam small keel 34 and the main beam large keel 33 are welded and fixed, and the top surface of the outer side plate 37 is higher than the top surface of the main beam large keel 33.
- the main beam unit 17 is different from the structure of the main beam unit 11 in that the main beam unit 17 includes six small-section square tubular steel main beam small keels (not shown), and the main beam unit 17
- the main beam large keel 38 and the main beam template 39 are shorter than the main beam of the main beam unit 17 and the main beam template, and the installation relationship is rotated by 90°.
- the main beam unit 16 is an intermediate main beam unit. Unlike the structure of the main beam unit 18, the main beam template 40 of the main beam unit 16 is only placed on the bottom plate 36 of the main beam unit 18. A flat plate on the same horizontal plane and flush with both ends of the bottom plate 36.
- the main beam unit 19 is an intermediate main beam unit. Unlike the structure of the main beam unit 17, the main beam template 41 of the main beam unit 19 is only the main beam template of the main beam unit 17.
- the bottom plate of 39 is placed on the same horizontal plane and is flush with the ends of the bottom plate of the main beam formwork 39.
- the main beam unit 10 and the main beam unit 14 have the same structure, and the main beam unit 20 and the main beam unit 18 have the same structure, and the main beam unit 20 and the main beam unit 10 face vertically with respect to their central position.
- the structure of the main beam unit 13 and the main beam unit 21 are the same, the structure of the main beam unit 15 and the main beam unit 17 are the same, and the main beam unit 15 is symmetric with the vertical plane of the main beam unit 13 with respect to its center position;
- the unit 12 and the main beam unit 16 have the same structure.
- the main beam unit 12 and the main beam unit 16 have the same structure.
- the main beam unit 11 and the main beam unit 19 have the same structure.
- the floor unit 24 includes a mesh floor keel unit 42 and six floor slab form units 43 having the same structure.
- the floor keel unit 42 includes a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas, square tube-shaped load-bearing longitudinal steel large keels 44, square tubular upper transverse steel small keels 45 fixed on the top surface of the longitudinal steel large keel 44 and fixed in a square tubular-shaped lower transverse steel small keel 46 on the bottom surface of the longitudinal steel large keel 44; a suspension portion is provided at both ends of the longitudinal steel large keel 44, and the hanging portion is a corner code 47 for welding and fixing the ends of the longitudinal steel large keel 44, and A square tubular steel transverse connecting strip 48 attached to the bottom surface of the horizontal portion of the corner 47; the side of the transverse connecting strip 48 is flush with the side of the corner 47.
- the upper transverse steel small keel 45 and the lower transverse steel small keel 46 are arranged in a staggered arrangement; the end surface of the lower transverse steel small keel 46 is flush with the corresponding side of the floor slab template, and the outer side of the outermost two transverse steel small keel 46 corresponds to the floor slab template The side surface is flush; the floor keel unit is supported on the main beam keel unit by a transverse connecting strip 48 connected to the corner 47; the bottom surface of the lower transverse steel small keel 46 is fitted to the top surface of the floor slab.
- the slab formwork is protruded from both ends of the upper transverse steel small keel 45, and the longitudinal steel connecting strip 49 is welded and connected on the bottom surface of the upper transverse steel small keel 45; the end face of the upper transverse steel small keel 45 and the longitudinal connecting strip 49
- the respective sides are flush and the longitudinal connecting strips 49 are flush with the bottom surface of the transverse connecting strips 48.
- the bottom surfaces of the transverse connecting strips 48 connecting the corners 47 of the longitudinal steel large keel 44 are supported on the main beam large keels of the main beam unit 16 and the main beam unit 18, respectively.
- the bottom surfaces of the longitudinal longitudinal connecting strips 49 at both ends of the transverse steel small keel 45 are supported on the main beam large keels of the main beam unit 17 and the main beam unit 19, respectively.
- the floor formwork unit 43 is welded and fixed to the lower transverse steel small keel 46.
- the floor slabs of the slab unit 22, the slab unit 23, the slab unit 24, and the slab unit 25 are all placed on the same horizontal plane and spliced together with the main beam slab bottom plate of the corresponding main beam unit.
- All the column units combined, the main beam template of the main beam unit, and the floor slab template of the floor unit are spliced together to form an open cavity, and all the main girders and some main beam small keels are wrapped in the cavity.
- All longitudinal steel large keels and all of the upper transverse steel small keel and part of the lower transverse steel small keel concrete 52, all the main beam keel unit, the floor keel unit and the concrete 52 form an integral floor and main beam.
- the construction method of the above building structure includes the following steps:
- main beam small keels 34 are evenly welded on the bottom surface of the main beam large keel 33, and the two end plates 35 are respectively welded to the two ends of the main beam large keel 33, and the bottom plate 36 and the outer side plate of the main beam formwork are respectively 37 is welded and fixed to the main beam small keel 34; thus, all the components of the main beam unit 18 of the factory form a unitary structure fixed together; the other main beam units are also fixed together in the same manner in the factory;
- the corners 47 are welded to fix the ends of the longitudinal steel large keel 44, and the square tubular steel transverse connecting strips 48 are welded and connected to the bottom surface of the horizontal portion of the corner 47 to form the hanging portion of the slab unit 24;
- the steel small keel 45 is welded to the top surface of the longitudinal steel large keel 44, and the longitudinal connecting strip 49 is welded to the bottom surface of the upper transverse steel small keel 45; the lower transverse steel small keel 46 is welded to the bottom surface of the longitudinal steel large keel 44.
- the floor slab form 50 is welded to the lower transverse steel small keel 46; thus, all the components of the factory slab unit 24 form a unitary structure fixed together; other slab units are also fixed together in the same manner in the factory;
- the hoisting main beam unit is placed on the support leg of the column skeleton unit and fixed; after the main beam unit is installed, the main beam unit and the column skeleton unit form a cell;
- the hoisting floor unit is placed in the cell, and the horizontal connecting strip welded on the bottom surface of the corner of the floor unit is supported on the main beam large keel of the corresponding main beam unit; the combined column frame unit and the main beam unit are combined The main beam template and the floor slab of the floor unit are spliced together to form an open cavity;
- the floor formwork and the main beam formwork do not need to be removed, but become part of the building structure, so that the support frame and scaffolding are completely unnecessary during the construction process, thereby maximizing construction efficiency.
- the building structure forms a dark-beam slab-column structure because the beam does not protrude from the slab.
- each floor unit includes a floor formwork 70, a floor trim board 71, the floor formwork 70 is a metal formwork to be disassembled, and the floor board formwork board 71 is placed on the lower cross section steel small shaft 79.
- the periphery of the floor slab 71 is flush with the bottom of the slab formwork 70, the bottom surface of the slab decorative plate 71 is attached to the top surface of the slab formwork 70, and the top and lower transverse steel keel 79 The bottom surface is fitted; a rib rib 72 integrally formed with the slab decorative panel 71 is provided on the upward facing surface of the slab decorative panel 71, and the inverted rib 72 is embedded in the concrete (not shown).
- the inverted buckle rib 72 includes a parallel portion 74 extending from a top surface of the vertical floor slab 71 and a vertical portion 73 extending from both sides of the vertical decorative portion.
- each main beam unit includes a main beam formwork 75, a main beam trim plate 76, the main beam formwork 75 is a metal formwork to be disassembled, and the main beam trim board 76 is placed on the main beam small keel 77 and the floor main beam.
- the periphery of the main beam trimming plate 76 is flush with the bottom plate of the main beam formwork 75, and the bottom surface of the main beam trimming plate 76 is fitted to the top surface of the bottom plate of the main beam formwork 75, and the top surface and the main beam are small.
- the bottom surface of the keel 77 is fitted; on the upper surface of the main beam decorative plate 76, a button rib 78 integrally formed with the main beam decorative plate 76 is provided, and the inverted rib 78 is embedded in the concrete (not shown). .
- the floor slab 70 and the floor slab 71 are fixed by fasteners (not shown) from below with the lower transverse steel small keel 79 of the slab keel unit and the longitudinal steel large keel 80.
- the slab formwork and decorative panels of all slab units are fixed by fasteners (not shown) from below with the lower transverse steel keel and longitudinal steel keel of the slab keel unit of the corresponding slab unit.
- the main beam formwork 75 is fixed by a fastener (not shown) from the lower main keel 77 of the main beam keel unit and the main beam large keel 81 from below. All main beam formwork is fixed by fasteners (not shown) from below with the main beam small keel of the main beam keel unit and the main beam large keel.
- the construction method of the building structure of the embodiment further includes the following steps: after the concrete is solidified, all the fasteners for fixing the floor slab formwork and the floor slab decorative board are correspondingly
- the lower transverse steel keel and the longitudinal steel keel of the slab keel unit of the slab unit are removed, and the slab formwork of the slab unit is removed.
- the buckle rib 72 of the slab decorative panel is embedded in the concrete to make the slab decorative slab become part of the building structure.
- the main beam large keel 80 of all the main beam keel units is a load-bearing I-shaped steel having a large cross-sectional area.
- all the main beam keel units have a large cross section of the main beam large keel 90.
- the load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel 91 of the large cross-sectional area of all the slab units is a round tubular steel.
- two secondary beam units 101 and a secondary beam unit 148 which are parallel to the main beam unit are installed between every two adjacent longitudinal main beam units. .
- the structure of all the main beam keel units is different from that of the first embodiment.
- the main beam formwork includes a bottom plate 110 parallel to the horizontal plane and an outer side plate 111 and an inner side plate 112 of the vertical bottom plate 110.
- the main beam unit 102 is a side main beam unit, including a main beam keel unit, and a main beam template fixed on the main beam keel unit.
- the main beam keel unit comprises four load-bearing round tubular steel main beam large keel 103 with large cross-sectional area, main beam large keel 104, main beam large keel 105, main beam large keel 106, and main beam large keel 103
- the main beam large keel 104 horizontal array, the main beam big keel 105, the main beam big keel 106 are respectively located at the same horizontal position directly below the main beam big keel 103, the main beam big keel 104; also includes eleven uniform arrays, and
- the main beam big keel 103 and the main beam big keel 104 are perpendicular, the top surface is welded and fixed to the bottom of the main beam big keel 103 and the main beam big keel 104, the bottom surface is welded and fixed to the top of the main beam big keel 105 and the main beam big keel 106, Small cross-section square
- the small keel 108, the main beam large keel 105, and the main beam large keel 106 are both flush with the outer side of the outermost corresponding main beam small keel 108; and further comprise two ends respectively disposed at the ends of the main beam large keel 103 Plate 109, two end plates 109 and main beam large keel 103, main beam large keel 104, main beam large keel 105, main beam large keel 106 and corresponding outermost main beam small keel 107, main beam small keel
- the outer side of the 108 is welded and fixed.
- the top surface of the bottom plate 110 is in contact with the bottom surface of the main beam small keel 108, the inner side plate 112 is attached to the floor slab template 113, the top surface of the inner side plate 112 is flush with the top surface of the bottom plate 110, and the bottom plate 110 is welded by
- the main beam small keel 108 is fixed, and the top surface of the outer side plate 111 is higher than the top surface of the main beam large keel 103 and the main beam large keel 104.
- the main beam unit 114 is different from the main beam unit 102 in that it is placed under the main beam large keel 115 and the main beam large keel 116, the main beam large keel 117 and the main beam large keel 118.
- the upper main beam small keel 119 is six, and the main beam small keel 120 placed under the main beam big keel 117 and the main beam big keel 118 is six; the main beam element 114 has the main beam template 121, the main beam big keel 115, the main The beam big keel 116, the main beam big keel 117, the main beam big keel 118 is shorter than the main beam element of the main beam unit 102, the main beam big keel 103, the main beam big keel 104, the main beam big keel 105, the main beam big keel 106
- the mounting relationship has been rotated by 90°.
- the main beam unit 122 is an intermediate main beam unit. Unlike the structure of the main beam unit 102, the top surfaces of the side plates 123 of the main beam template of the main beam unit 122 are flush, The top surface of the side panel 123 is flush with the top surface of all the floor slabs 113, and the side panels 123 are attached to the slab form 113.
- the secondary beam unit 101 includes a secondary beam keel unit and a secondary beam template; the secondary beam keel
- the unit comprises two arrays of round tubular steel secondary beam large keel 124, and also comprises six arrays of square tubular steel secondary beams placed below the secondary beam large keel 124, perpendicular to the secondary beam large keel 124, and small cross section.
- the small keel 125 further includes an angle code 126 respectively disposed at both ends of the secondary beam large keel 124, a vertical portion of the corner code 126 and a corresponding end of the secondary beam large keel 124 and an outer side of the corresponding outermost secondary beam small keel 125
- the welding is fixed, the horizontal portion of the corner code 126 is a hanging portion, and the secondary beam keel unit is supported by the horizontal portion of the corner code 126 on the horizontal main beam keel unit 102 and the main beam keel unit 122.
- the secondary beam template includes a bottom plate 127 parallel to the horizontal plane and two side plates 128 of the vertical bottom plate 127. The top surfaces of the two side plates 128 of the secondary beam template are flush, and the top surfaces of the two side plates 128 are flush with the top surface of the floor plate template 113.
- the side panel 128 is attached to the floor panel 113.
- Three cells of the same structure, the floor unit 100, the floor unit 134, and the floor unit 135 are provided in the cells formed by the beam unit 102, the main beam unit 133, and the main beam unit 122.
- the slab unit 100 differs from the slab unit structure of the first embodiment in that the slab unit 100 includes a mesh slab keel unit and two slab form units 113 of the same structure.
- the slab keel unit includes a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas, a circular tubular load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel 136, a square tubular upper transverse steel small keel 137 fixed to the top of the longitudinal steel large keel 136 and fixed in the longitudinal steel.
- the upper transverse steel small keel 137 and the lower transverse steel small keel 138 are staggered; the end surface of the lower transverse steel small keel 138 is flush with the corresponding side of the floor slab, and the outer side of the outermost two transverse steel keel 138 corresponds to the slab template The side surface is flush; the bottom surface of the lower transverse steel small keel 138 is in contact with the top surface of the floor slab template 113. Both ends of the upper transverse steel small keel 137 protrude from the floor slab.
- the floor unit 100 is supported on the main beam large keel of the main beam keel unit 122 by a transverse connecting strip 140 connected to the corner 139, and is supported on the main beam large keel of the main beam keel unit 102 by a transverse connecting strip 142 connecting the corners 141.
- One end of the upper transverse steel small keel 137 is supported on the main beam large keel of the main beam unit 114, and the other end is supported on the secondary beam large keel of the secondary beam unit 101.
- the floor unit 134 is supported on the main beam large keel of the main beam keel unit 122 by a transverse connecting strip 144 connected to the corner code 143, and is supported on the main beam large keel of the main beam keel unit 102 by a transverse connecting strip 146 connecting the corners 145.
- One end of the transverse steel small keel 147 is supported on the secondary beam large keel of the secondary beam unit 101, and the other end is supported on the secondary beam large keel of the secondary beam unit 148.
- the floor keel unit 135 is supported on the main beam large keel of the main beam keel unit 122 by the transverse connecting strip 150 connected to the corner 149, and the main beam large keel of the main beam keel unit 102 is supported by the transverse connecting strip 152 connecting the corner code 151.
- One end of the transverse steel small keel 153 is supported on the secondary beam large keel of the secondary beam unit 148, and the other end is supported on the main beam large keel of the main beam unit 133.
- the construction method differs from the embodiment in that after installing the main beam unit of the same cell, the secondary beam unit is mounted on the corresponding main beam unit, and then the template unit is installed.
- the building structural beam 154 protrudes from the floor 155 to form an architectural structure of a beam-shaped slab-column structure.
- the column unit includes a column skeleton unit and a column template.
- Two column templates 180 and column templates 181 are provided at the same height position.
- the column skeleton unit includes a column keel unit, which is fixed on the column keel unit to support the supporting legs of the main beam keel unit.
- the column keel unit is distributed in four corners of the rectangle, bearing vertical column big keel 182, column big keel 183, column big keel 184, column big keel 185.
- the column skeleton unit also includes a column keel 182, a column big keel 183 and a column big keel 185, a column big keel 184, a partition for the column big keel 182, a column big keel 183 and a column big keel 185, a column big keel 184, and the axis of the same column with the same height of the column big keel 182, the column big keel 183, the column big keel 184, the column big keel 185 fixed together is a vertical direction, a vertical array of a plurality of short connecting tubes 186, respectively
- the plurality of short partition pipes 187 and the short partition pipes 188 which are welded in the vertical direction and the vertical direction are arranged on the outer side surface of the column big keel 182, the column big keel 183, the column big keel 185, and the column big keel 184.
- the short tube 189, the short tube 190; the supporting foot is fixed on the column big keel 184, the column big keel 185 of which is the short tube 191, the short tube 192;
- the column template 180 is secured to the column keel 184 by a fastener (not shown) through the short tube 189, and is secured to the column keel 185 through the short tube 190;
- the column template 181 is passed through fasteners (not shown) It is fixed to the column big keel 182 through the short tube 187, and is fixed to the column big keel 183 through the short tube 188.
- the column template 180 of the same height and the column template 181 enclose a closed square tubular cavity 193.
- the column template 180 is provided with a gap between the side opposite to the column big keel 184 and the column big keel 185, and the column template 181 and the column big keel 182 There is a gap between the opposite sides of the column big keel 183.
- a column template 194 and a column template 195 which are identical to the cross-sectional structure of the column template 180 and the column template 181 are further disposed directly under the column template 180 and the column template 181.
- the post template 194 is secured to the post large keel 184 by fasteners (not shown) through the short tube 189, and to the post large keel 185 through the short tube 190; the post template 195 is passed through fasteners (not shown) It is fixed through the short tube 187 and the column big keel 182, and is fixed through the short tube 188 and the column big keel 183.
- the column template 180, the column template 181, the column template, the column template 194, and the column template 195 are emptied from the position of the beam unit 196 and the beam unit 197.
- the axes of all the short connecting pipes and the short connecting pipes are vertical, and the concrete will be filled with the short connecting pipes and the short connecting pipes; thereby enhancing the rigidity of the short connecting pipes, the short connecting pipes and the biting force with the concrete, so that the building Better structure, stronger and safer.
- All the column units combined, the main beam template of the main beam unit, and the floor template of the floor unit are spliced together to form an open cavity 198, and the square tubular cavity 193 formed by the column template of all the columns and the corresponding floor cavity 198 connected.
- a concrete 199 is wrapped in which all the main beam large keels of the layer and a part of the main beam small keel, all the longitudinal steel large keels and all the upper transverse steel small keels and the partial lower transverse steel small keels are poured in the square tube.
- the cavity 193 is filled with concrete 200 enclosing all of the column large keels, short connecting pipes, short connecting pipes, and large connecting pipes, and the concrete 199 and the concrete 200 form an integral structure. All main beam keel units, slab keel units and concrete, all column units and concrete form a slab, main beam, column.
- the construction method of the building structure is different from that of the first embodiment in that after installing the floor unit, the column template is installed: the column is to be The template is fixed to the corresponding column skeleton unit; the square tubular cavity 193 formed by the column template communicates with the cavity 198 of the corresponding floor; the concrete 199 is poured into the cavity 198, and the concrete 200 is poured into the square tubular cavity 193; the cavity 198
- the concrete 199 encloses all the main beam large keels, some or all of the main beam small keels, all longitudinal steel keels, some or all of the transverse steel keels; the concrete 200 in the square tubular cavity 193 wraps all the keel units,
- the concrete 199 in the cavity 198 forms an integral structure with the concrete 200 in the square tubular cavity 193; after the concrete 199 and the concrete 200 are solidified, all the main beam keel units, the floor keel unit and the concrete, all the column skeleton units and the concrete are formed.
- the load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel of a large cross-sectional area of all the slab units is a square tubular steel.
- the main beam of all the main beam keel units is a load-bearing channel with a large cross-sectional area, and the two main beams of the same main beam keel unit are opposite to each other in the same horizontal direction.
- the secondary beam of all secondary beam keel units The large keel is a load-bearing channel with a large cross-sectional area, and the two secondary beams are opposite to the large keel opening.
- the column keel unit is four openings, the same structure, distributed on the four corners of the rectangle, the load bearing vertical channel steel column big keel 220, the column big keel 221, the column big keel 222, the column big keel 223, and four are located in the column The keel 220, the column big keel 221, the column big keel 222, the column big keel 223 directly below, the C-shaped column big keel 225 with the same cross-sectional structure, the column big keel 226, the column big keel 227, the column big keel 228, the column big keel 220, column big keel
- the support leg includes a fixed plate 229, a support plate 230 and two rib plates 231.
- the support plate 230 is welded to the fixed plate 229.
- the support plate 230 is at an angle of 90° to the support plate 229.
- the rib plate 231 is placed under the support plate 230 and supported. Plate 229 and support plate
- the support plate 229 is welded to the side of the column big keel 227 and the column big keel 228 for supporting the main beam unit 232.
- the main beam of the main beam keel unit is a load-bearing L-shaped steel having a large cross-sectional area.
- the four main beam large keel 250 of the same main beam unit, the main beam big keel 251, the main beam big keel 252, the main beam big keel 253 are arranged side by side to form a rectangle, the four main beam big keel 250, the main beam big keel 251, the main beam is large
- the keel 252 and the main beam large keel 253 are fixed by an elongated L-shaped steel 254, and the main beam large keel 253 is fixed by a plurality of short square pipes 255 to the L-shaped steel 254 and the main beam large keel 251.
- the column keel of all column units is load-bearing L-shaped steel.
- the four columns of the same column unit, the big keel 256, the column big keel 257, the column big keel 258, the column big keel 259 are arranged side by side to form a rectangle, the short connecting tube 260 and the column big keel 256, the column big keel 257, the column big keel 258, the column The big keel 259 is attached and fixed.
- the floor keel unit includes a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas, a circular tubular load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel 300, and a strip fixed on the top of the longitudinal steel large keel 300.
- the floor unit is supported on the main beam large keel of the main beam keel unit 306 through the outermost plate 301, and supported on the main beam large keel of the main beam keel unit 307 through the outermost plate 302; one end of the plate 301 is supported on the main beam
- the main beam of the unit 308 is on the large keel, and the other end is supported on the secondary beam large keel of the secondary beam unit 309.
- the floor keel unit includes a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas and a circular tubular load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel 330 fixed in the middle of the top of the longitudinal steel large keel 330.
- an arcuate groove 333 which cooperates with the longitudinal steel large keel 330, an arcuate groove 335 which cooperates with the circular tubular steel main beam large keel 334 of the main beam unit, and a circular tubular shape with the secondary beam unit
- the steel-shaped secondary beam large keel 336 is matched with the curved groove 337, and both ends of the channel 331 protrude from the floor slab 338.
- two vertical symmetrical angles 339 for the axis of the longitudinal steel large keel 330 are welded, and the longitudinal steel keel 330 is provided at the bottom of the shaped corner 339.
- a mating curved portion 340 is provided at the bottom of the shaped corner 339.
- the slab unit is supported on the large tubular keel 341 of the main beam keel unit through the profiled corner 339 of the longitudinal steel keel, and is supported by the main beam keel through the profiled corner 339 at the other end of the longitudinal steel large keel 330.
- the unit has a circular tubular steel main beam on the large keel 342; one end of the channel 331 is supported on the main beam large keel 334 of the main beam unit, and the other end is supported on the secondary beam large keel 336 of the secondary beam unit.
- the floor keel unit includes a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas and H-shaped load-bearing longitudinal steel large keels 360, which are welded and fixed on the top surface of the longitudinal steel large keel 360.
- a square tubular upper transverse steel small keel 361 and a plurality of parallel short padded tubes 362 welded and fixed on the bottom surface of each longitudinal steel large keel 360, respectively, in the horizontal direction, in each longitudinal steel large keel 360
- a small square steel plate 363 is welded to both ends to form a hanging portion.
- the slab formwork 381 is protruded from both ends of the upper transverse steel small keel 361.
- the bottom surface of the short pad tube 361 is attached to the top surface of the floor stencil 381.
- the floor formwork 381 is secured to the short paddle tube 362 and the longitudinal profile steel keel 360 by fasteners (not shown).
- a plurality of accommodating through holes 364 having a horizontal axis are provided on the web of the longitudinal steel large keel 360.
- the column unit includes a column skeleton unit and a column template 365.
- the column skeleton unit comprises an H-shaped steel column large keel 366, respectively welded to the outer side of the flange of the large keel 366 of the column, the axis of which is a vertical direction, a vertical array of a plurality of square tubular short tubes 367
- the short tube 368 is welded to the column large keel 366 for supporting the horizontal beam-shaped support leg 369 of the main beam keel unit.
- a plurality of accommodating through holes 370 having a horizontal axis are provided on the web of the column keel 366.
- the post template 365 is secured to the short tube 368 and the post large keel 366 by fasteners (not shown).
- the main beam unit comprises a main beam keel unit, and a main beam template 371 fixed on the main beam keel unit.
- the main beam keel unit comprises a horizontally large cross-sectional area of the load-bearing H-shaped steel main beam large keel 372, and further comprises a plurality of parallel, welded fixed on the bottom surface of the main beam large keel 372, perpendicular to the main beam large keel 372
- the square tube-shaped short pad tube 373 whose axis is horizontal. The bottom surface of the short pad tube 373 is in contact with the top surface of the main beam template 371.
- the main beam formwork 371 is secured to the short paddle tube 373 and the main beam large keel 372 by fasteners (not shown).
- the web of the main beam big keel 372 A plurality of receiving through holes 374 having a horizontal axis are disposed on the upper side.
- a cutout portion 375 that cooperates with the support leg 369 of the column unit is provided on the bottom plate of the main beam template 371.
- the secondary beam unit comprises a secondary beam keel unit and a secondary beam template 376;
- the secondary beam keel unit comprises an H-shaped steel secondary beam large keel 377, a plurality of parallel, welded fixed on the bottom surface of the secondary beam large keel 377, and the secondary beam is larger
- the keel 377 is a vertical square tube short-sleeve tube 378 having a horizontal axis; and further includes a small square steel plate 379 welded to the top surface of the secondary beam large keel 377, and the small square steel plate 379 forms a hanging portion.
- the bottom surface of the short pad tube 378 is attached to the top surface of the secondary beam template 376.
- the secondary beam formwork 376 is secured to the short paddle tube 378 and the secondary beam large keel 376 by fasteners (not shown).
- a plurality of accommodating through holes 380 having a horizontal axis are provided on the web of the secondary beam large keel 377.
- the axis of the short pad tube 362, the short pad tube 373, and the short pad tube 378 is horizontal.
- the concrete When the concrete is poured, the concrete will be filled with the short pad tube; in the longitudinal steel large keel 360, the column big keel 366, the main beam big keel 372,
- the through-hole of the secondary beam large keel 377 is provided with a through hole.
- the concrete When the concrete is poured, the concrete will be filled with the through hole; thereby reinforcing the longitudinal steel large keel 360, the column big keel 366, the main beam big keel 372, and the secondary beam large.
- the bite force of the keel 377 and the concrete makes the building structure better, stronger and safer.
- the concrete can be poured into the longitudinal steel large keel, the main beam big keel, and the column keel.
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Abstract
实现本发明的一种建筑结构,楼板单元包括楼板模板、承重纵向型钢大龙骨和横向型钢小龙骨;主横梁单元包括主横梁模板、主横梁大龙骨;立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨单元,固定在立柱龙骨单元上支撑脚;主横梁单元两端与立柱单元相对的两支撑脚固定;在纵向型钢大龙骨的两端设有悬挂部,在立柱单元与主横梁单元形成的每个单元格内安装有一个以上的楼板单元,楼板单元通过悬挂部支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上;施工方法包括以下步骤:在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产立柱骨架单元、主横梁单元和楼板单元;优点是在施工现场只需将各个单元吊装到设定位置并安装好就能完成建筑结构的主体框架及模板的施工,施工效率高,劳动强度低。
Description
种建筑结构及其施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及如桥梁、 人行天桥、 房屋等建筑结构及其施工方法, 特别是涉及房屋建筑结 构及其施工方法。 背景技术
现在, 为了适应高楼的建筑, 大部分已经使用钢筋混泥土的框架结构, 楼房的承重主要 有框架结构来承担, 这样, 对墙的要求较低, 使得耗材少, 施工效率高。
现有的楼房框架结构主要包括立柱、 梁及楼板。 立柱有采用型钢结构的, 也有采用钢混 结构的。 钢筋混凝土结构的立柱的成型方法是先绑扎钢筋, 然后安装模板, 接着在模板内浇 注混凝土, 最后待混凝土凝固后拆除掉模板形成钢筋混凝土立柱。 梁和楼板的成型方法是先 绑扎钢筋, 然后安装模板, 接着在模板内浇注混凝土, 最后待混凝土凝固后拆除掉模板形成 钢筋混凝土梁和楼板。 上述成型钢筋混凝土结构立柱、 梁、 楼板的方法都需要在施工现场铺 设钢筋、 安装和拆卸模板, 因此, 施工的速度慢、 效率低、 劳动强度大。 现场安装和拆卸模 板, 需要脚手架和支撑架, 安装模板时劳动强度特别大。特别是由于钢筋的刚性不好易变形, 钢筋结构精度差、 稳定性不好, 无法象机械零部件一样控制精度, 这样无法在工厂将立柱、 楼板和横梁的钢筋结构在工厂就加工好, 也无法将成形横梁与楼板的模板事先在工厂与钢筋 固定。
目前, 在建筑工程施工中, 均普遍采用木模板的下面铺设大量方木加上钢管支撑 或门 形架支撑的形式, 也有可采用调节支撑与伸縮钢梁结合在一起的支撑***等, 其缺点 在于: 原有的施工过程中, 采用大量的锯、 钉木模板, 而质量好的木模板一般只能重复使用 6-7次 左右; 由于重复钉、 拆, 木模板很容易被损坏; 折旧后的木模板和支撑卖了不值钱, 丢 了 可惜, 再用时又要花时间和人工锯掉损坏部分, 耗时、 耗工、 耗木料; 即使是用钢模或其它 非木质模板支撑, 在浇灌施工过程中梁和楼板的模板需要支撑架支撑, 在安装梁和楼板的模 板时还需脚手架。 在申请号为 200920141210. 7 的实用新型专利中, 公开了一种模块装配式建筑模板装 置, 多根多边形大管之间固定连接构成正方形 或者长方形的边框, 其内设有由多根多边形 小管 互相固定连接而成的井字形骨架, 其四边固定设 于边框内侧上; 木模板固定安装在 骨架止; 边框 的多边形大管上均匀设有多个第一连接孔, 每个边框与每个边框通过多个第 一连接孔互相活动连 接构成建筑物的楼板、 梁、 柱等模板装置; 边框上的四个边角上设有 多个第二连接孔, 边框通过多个第二连接孔与可调节支撑管装置活动连接; 边框上的多边
形大管与可伸縮的梁模板装置活动连接; 该实用新型结仅是把模板结构在工厂加工成一个 单位模块, 横梁、 楼板还是采用现场的钢筋结构, 需现场施工, 模板装置在施工过程中还 需要脚手架和支撑架, 因此现场施工还是施工周期长、 劳动强度大。 在申请号为 200410013554. 1 的发明专利中, 公开了一种无支撑自承重现浇混凝土结 构, 内置钢桁架_混凝土组合梁包括钢桁架 、 钢底模、 侧模和拉接钢筋,钢桁架两侧 的下弦杆上分别焊有一组拉接钢筋,在两组拉接钢筋上焊接有钢底模,侧模与钢底模相 固接。 该发明中, 仅实现梁的全部荷载最终都传递到框架柱上, 梁的模板可不在现 场安装, 但在施工阶段, 楼板模板还需在施工现场安装 , 安装楼板模板时还是需要 脚手架, 楼板模板也需要支撑架支撑, 楼板钢筋也需在施工现场安装, 因此该发明只 是减少了支撑架的数量, 减少了一部分现场施工量, 现场施工周期还是长、 施工劳动 强度还是高。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种在施工过程中模板完全不需要支撑、建筑结构的骨 架及楼板与横梁的模板在工厂就组装好、 大大减少施工现场的人力成本和施工强度、 大大縮 短施工周期和降低成本的建筑结构及其施工方法。
一种建筑结构, 包括立柱单元、 主横梁单元、 楼板单元; 楼板单元包括网状的楼板龙骨 单元和楼板模板, 楼板龙骨单元包括大横截面积的承重纵向型钢大龙骨和与纵向型钢大龙骨 固定的阵列的小横截面积的横向型钢小龙骨, 楼板模板与楼板龙骨单元固定, 楼板模板的顶 面与纵向型钢大龙骨的底面设有间隙; 主横梁单元包括主横梁龙骨单元, 固定在主横梁龙骨 单元上的主横梁模板, 主横梁龙骨单元包括大横截面积的承重型钢主横梁大龙骨, 主横梁模 板的顶面与主横梁大龙骨的底面设有间隙; 立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元, 立柱骨架单元包括 立柱龙骨单元, 固定在立柱龙骨单元上用来支撑主横梁龙骨单元的支撑脚; 主横梁单元两端 放置在相邻两立柱单元相对的两支撑脚上并与两支撑脚固定; 在纵向型钢大龙骨的两端设有 悬挂部, 在立柱单元与主横梁单元形成的每个单元格内安装有一个以上的楼板单元, 楼板单 元通过悬挂部支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上; 组合在一起的立柱单元、主横梁单元的主横梁模板、 楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔, 在凹腔内浇灌有包裹主横梁大龙骨、 纵向型钢大龙骨、 和部分或全部横向型钢小龙骨的混凝土, 主横梁龙骨单元、 楼板龙骨单元 与混凝土形成一体的楼板与主横梁。
作为方案一的改进, 建筑结构为板柱结构; 主横梁单元包括边主横梁单元; 边主横梁单 元的主横梁龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的主横梁大龙骨, 还包括阵列的、 置于主横梁大龙骨 下方、 与主横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、 小横截面的型钢主横梁小龙骨; 边主横梁单元还包括端 板, 端板固定在主横梁大龙骨的两端; 边主横梁单元的主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板 和垂直底板的外侧板, 底板与外侧板形成 L形, 底板的顶面与主横梁小龙骨的底面贴合, 外 侧板的顶面高出主横梁龙骨单元的顶面, 底板与楼板模板齐平并贴合在一起。
作为方案二的改进, 主横梁单元还包括中间主横梁单元; 中间主横梁单元的主横梁龙骨
单元包括二条以上阵列的主横梁大龙骨, 还包括阵列的、 置于主横梁大龙骨下方、 与主横梁 大龙骨垂直并固定、 小横截面的型钢主横梁小龙骨; 中间主横梁单元还包括端板, 端板固定 在主横梁大龙骨的两端; 中间主横梁单元的主横梁模板的顶面与主横梁小龙骨的底面贴合与 楼板模板齐平并贴合在一起。
作为方案一的改进, 建筑结构为板柱梁结构; 主横梁单元包括边主横梁单元; 边主横梁 单元的主横梁龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的主横梁大龙骨, 还包括阵列的、 置于主横梁大龙 骨下方、 与主横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、 小横截面的型钢主横梁小龙骨; 主横梁单元还包括端 板, 端板固定在主横梁大龙骨的两端; 边主横梁单元的主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板 和垂直底板的外侧板和内侧板, 底板的顶面与主横梁小龙骨的底面贴合, 外侧板的顶面高出 主横梁龙骨单元的顶面, 内侧板的顶面与楼板模板的顶面齐平, 内侧板与楼板模板贴合在一 起。
作为方案四的改进, 中间主横梁单元的主横梁龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的主横梁大龙 骨, 还包括阵列的、 置于主横梁大龙骨下方、 与主横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、 小横截面的型钢 主横梁小龙骨; 主横梁单元还包括端板, 端板固定在主横梁大龙骨的两端; 中间主横梁单元 的主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板和垂直底板的两侧板, 底板的顶面与主横梁小龙骨的 底面贴合, 侧板的顶面与楼板模板的顶面齐平, 侧板与楼板模板贴合在一起。
作为方案一至五的共同改进, 楼板单元还包括楼板装饰板, 楼板模板为需拆卸的金属模 板; 楼板装饰板置于楼板龙骨单元和楼板模板的之间; 在楼板装饰板、 楼板模板上设有与支 撑脚配合的避空部, 主横梁单元的主横梁龙骨单元支撑在支撑脚上; 楼板装饰板、 楼板模板 通过紧固件从下方固定在相应的楼板龙骨单元上; 在楼板装饰板朝上的面上设有倒扣, 倒扣 嵌入混凝土内。
作为方案一至五的共同改进, 横向型钢小龙骨包括固定在纵向型钢大龙骨顶面上的上横 向型钢小龙骨和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨底面上的下横向型钢小龙骨; 悬挂部包括固定纵向型 钢大龙骨两端的角码; 上横向型钢小龙骨和下横向型钢小龙骨错开排列; 下横向型钢小龙骨 的端面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平, 最外侧的两下横向型钢小龙骨的外侧面与楼板模板相应 的侧面齐平; 楼板龙骨单元通过角码的水平部支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上; 下横向型钢小龙骨 的底面与楼板模板的顶面贴合。
作为方案七的改进, 悬挂部还包括连接在角码的水平部的底面上的型钢横向连接条; 上 横向型钢小龙骨的两端均凸出楼板模板, 在上横向型钢小龙骨的底面上均连接有型钢纵向连 接条; 纵向连接条与横向连接条的底面齐平; 纵向连接条和横向连接条的底面支撑在相应的 主横梁龙骨单元上。
作为方案七的改进, 楼板模板可拆卸模板, 楼板模板通过紧固件从下方固定在楼板龙骨 单元上; 楼板模板单元包括楼板模板和设置在楼板模板底面固定的加强条。
作为方案一至五的共同改进, 还包括次横梁单元; 次横梁单元包括次横梁龙骨单元和次 横梁模板; 次横梁龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的次横梁大龙骨, 还包括阵列的、 置于次横梁 大龙骨下方、 与次横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、 小横截面的型钢次横梁小龙骨; 次横梁单元还包
括端板, 端板固定在次横梁大龙骨的两端; 在主横梁龙骨单元上设有支撑部或在次横梁龙骨 单元上设有悬挂部, 次横梁龙骨单元支撑在主横梁龙骨单元的支撑部上或通过次横梁龙骨单 元的悬挂部支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上; 次横梁模板与相应的楼板模板拼接, 其顶部平面与楼 板模板顶部平面齐平。
作为方案一至五的共同改进, 在纵向型钢大龙骨上设有容置混凝土的容置通孔。
作为方案一至五的共同改进, 在每条纵向型钢大龙骨的底面固定有多条轴线为水平方向 的的短垫管, 短垫管的底面与楼板模板的顶面贴合。
作为方案一至五的共同改进, 立柱单元还包括立柱模板, 在同一高度位置设有两条以上 立柱模板; 立柱龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的、 承重竖向立柱大龙骨; 立柱骨架单元还包括 安装在立柱大龙骨间、 用来分隔立柱大龙骨并将同一立柱同一高度的立柱大龙骨固定在一起 的轴线为竖直方向的短连接管, 固定在不同立柱大龙骨相背的两个外侧面上的轴线为竖直方 向的短隔管; 支撑脚固定在立柱大龙骨上; 立柱模板与短隔管贴合并固定, 同一高度的的立 柱模板围城闭合的管状空腔, 立柱模板的与立柱大龙骨外相对的侧面间设有间隙; 立柱模板 在与横梁单元配合的位置避空, 立柱模板形成的管状空腔与凹腔连通。
作为方案十三的改进, 支撑脚置于立柱模板形成的管状空腔内。
一种建筑结构的施工方法, 其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元和楼板单元; 生产立柱骨架单元: 将同一根立柱骨架单元的立柱龙骨单元固定在一起, 将支撑脚固定在立 柱龙骨单元上;
生产楼板单元: 楼板单元包括网状的楼板龙骨单元和楼板模板, 将悬挂部固定在纵向型钢大 龙骨的两端, 将纵向型钢大龙骨与横向型钢小龙骨固定在一起, 将楼板模板与楼板龙骨单元 固定;
生产主横梁单元: 将主横梁大龙骨与主横梁小龙骨固定在一起形成主横梁龙骨单元, 将主横 梁模板固定在主横梁龙骨单元上;
2) 定位安装立柱骨架单元;
3) 吊装主横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定; 完成主横梁单元安装后, 主横梁 单元与立柱骨架单元形成单元格;
4) 吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内, 楼板单元的悬挂部支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上; 组合在一起 的立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元的主横梁模板、 楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上 的凹腔;
5) 向凹腔内浇灌混凝土, 混凝土包裹主横梁龙骨单元、 纵向型钢大龙骨、 和部分或全部横向 型钢小龙骨; 混凝土凝固后, 主横梁龙骨单元、 楼板龙骨单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与主 横梁。
一种建筑结构的施工方法, 其特征在于包括以下步骤:
建筑结构的立柱单元还包括立柱模板, 在同一高度位置设有两条以上围成闭合的管状空 腔的立柱模板; 其特征在于施工方法包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元和楼板单元; 生产立柱骨架单元: 将同一根立柱骨架单元的立柱龙骨单元固定在一起, 将支撑脚固定在立 柱龙骨单元上;
生产楼板单元: 楼板单元包括网状的楼板龙骨单元和楼板模板, 将悬挂部固定在纵向型钢大 龙骨的两端, 将纵向型钢大龙骨与横向型钢小龙骨固定在一起, 将楼板模板与楼板龙骨单元 固定;
生产主横梁单元: 将主横梁大龙骨与主横梁小龙骨固定在一起形成主横梁龙骨单元, 将主横 梁模板固定在主横梁龙骨单元上;
2) 定位安装立柱骨架单元;
3) 吊装主横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定; 完成主横梁单元安装后, 主横梁 单元与立柱骨架单元形成单元格;
4) 吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内, 楼板单元的悬挂部支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上; 组合在一起 的立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元的主横梁模板、 楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上 的凹腔;
5)安装立柱模板: 将立柱模板与相应的立柱骨架单元固定; 同一高度的立柱模板形成管状空 腔, 管状空腔与凹腔连通;
6) 向凹腔和管状空腔内浇灌混凝土; 凹腔内的混凝土包裹所有全部主横梁大龙骨、 部分或全 部主横梁小龙骨、 所有纵向型钢大龙骨、 部分或全部横向型钢小龙骨; 管状空腔内的混凝土 包裹所有全部立柱龙骨单元, 凹腔内的混凝土与管状空腔内的混凝土形成一体结构; 混凝土 凝固后, 所有的主横梁龙骨单元、 楼板龙骨单元与混凝土、 所有的立柱骨架单元与混凝土形 成一体的楼板、 主横梁、 立柱。
本发明的有益效果是, 立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元、 楼板单元的龙骨单元均采用了型钢 龙骨; 相对于钢筋网刚性好、 强度高、 不易变形, 在承受模板重力和浇灌时混凝土重力及冲 击力等情况下也不会变形; 特别是立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元、楼板单元的长宽尺寸精度高、 稳定性好、 象机械零部件一样容易控制精度, 这样立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元和楼板单元可 按设计要求先在工厂加工好, 或设计成标准件, 在施工现场只需将各个单元吊装到设定位置 并安装好就能完成建筑结构的主体框架及模板的施工, 而且能很好的保证组合在一起的立柱 骨架单元、 主横梁单元的主横梁模板、 楼板单元的楼板模板的拼接处的缝隙符合施工要求。
本发明在工厂把立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元、 楼板单元分别组装好, 形成类似机械装置 的部件, 特别是模板也在工厂组装到相应的单元上, 不需在施工现场将立柱骨架单元的支撑 脚焊接在立柱龙骨上和现场将楼板龙骨单元的纵向型钢大龙骨和横向型钢小龙骨焊接在一起 等, 也不需施工现场将楼板龙骨单元与主横梁龙骨单元焊接在一起, 楼板龙骨单元直接放置 在主横梁单元上等, 大大减少施工现场的人力成本、 施工强度, 大大縮短施工周期和降低施 工成本; 在工厂把立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元、 楼板单元分别组装好, 效率大大提高, 劳动 强度大大降低, 劳动环境大大改善, 更能保证各个单元的质量, 还可实现机械化生产。
在安装主横梁单元、楼板单元时,只需吊装主横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上,
吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内, 不需要搭脚手架; 由于模板已事先固定在相应的龙骨单元上, 在浇筑混凝土时模板不需支撑架支撑; 省去了模板支撑架, 特别是模板不需拆卸成为建筑结 构的一部分时, 完全不需脚手架, 大大降低成本, 大大提高了现场施工效率, 大大减少了资 源浪费和废弃的脚手架和支撑架对环境的污染。
模板可为一次性不需拆卸的装饰板, 形成房顶的装饰板, 不需要对房顶再进行装修, 可 縮短装修工期, 降低装修成本; 模板也可为重复使用的金属模板, 这样模板通过紧固件固定 在纵向型钢大龙骨上, 拆卸模板快速省力。
模板还可分为两层, 上层是薄的不需拆卸的装饰板, 下层是需拆卸的可重复使用的金属 模板; 这种结构的装饰板, 在浇灌混凝土时装饰板上的受力传递给金属模板, 因此装饰板可 以做的很薄, 对材质也没有什么要求, 即可以起装饰作用, 又可以节省成本。 在装饰板上设 有倒扣, 倒扣嵌入混凝土内, 在金属模板拆卸后, 装饰板也能很可靠的与混凝土固定在一起。
从上面的论述可知, 本发明克服了现有技术必须在现场安装模板的惯性思维, 而是把立 柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元、 楼板单元设计成类似机械零件的部件, 完全不需要支撑架, 特别 是模板不需拆卸成为建筑结构的一部分时, 完全不需脚手架, 就能完成建筑结构的施工。
板柱结构的建筑结构, 钢混楼板与钢混梁是齐平的。 板柱梁结构的建筑结构, 钢混梁凸 出钢混楼板。 主横梁龙骨单元由主横梁大龙骨、 主横梁小龙骨构成, 主横梁小龙骨将主横梁 大龙骨连接固定在一起, 再在主横梁大龙骨的两端固定端板, 在同样强度、 刚性和受力的情 况下, 减少了主横梁龙骨单元的重量, 且便于将主横梁单元与立柱固定。
在楼板模板下方设有加强条, 楼板模板在使用过程中能承受更大的力, 楼板模板在拆卸 过程中也不易变形, 更利于重复多次使用。
钢混结构的立柱单元, 立柱单元内灌注有混凝土, 且灌注在立柱单元内的混凝土与楼板 和横梁的混凝土形成一个整体; 支撑脚也嵌入混凝土内, 大大增加整个建筑的牢固性和抗震 性。
附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例 1的立体示意图。
图 2是本发明实施例 1去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 3是图 2的 I部放大示意图。
图 4是本发明实施例 1去掉混凝土的另一立体分解示意图。
图 5是本发明实施例 2去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 6是图 5的 I I部放大示意图。
图 7是本发明实施例 3去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 8是本发明实施例 4去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 9为本发明实施例 5的立体示意图。
图 10为本发明实施例 5去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 11为本发明实施例 5去掉混凝土的另一方式的立体分解示意图。
图 12为本发明实施例 6的立体示意图。
图 13为本发明实施例 6去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 14是图 13的 I I I部放大示意图。
图 15为本发明实施例 7去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 16为本发明实施例 8去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 17为本发明实施例 9去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 18为本发明实施例 10去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 19为本发明实施例 11去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图 20为本发明实施例 12去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例 1
如图 1至图 3所示, 一种板柱结构的建筑结构, 包括分布在矩形的四个转角位置两两对 称的立柱单元 1、 立柱单元 2、 立柱单元 3、 立柱单元 4, 置于立柱单元 1、 立柱单元 2之间 的立柱单元 5, 置于立柱单元 2、 立柱单元 3之间的立柱单元 6, 置于立柱单元 3、 立柱单元 4之间的立柱单元 7, 置于立柱单元 4、 立柱单元 1之间的立柱单元 8, 置于立柱单元 5、 立 柱单元 Ί之间的立柱单元 9; 还包括安装在立柱单元 1、 立柱单元 5之间的主横梁单元 10, 安装在立柱单元 5、 立柱单元 9之间的主横梁单元 11, 安装在立柱单元 9、 立柱单元 8之间 的主横梁单元 12, 安装在立柱单元 8、立柱单元 1之间的主横梁单元 13, 安装在立柱单元 5、 立柱单元 2之间的主横梁单元 14, 安装在立柱单元 2、 立柱单元 6之间的主横梁单元 15, 安 装在立柱单元 6、 立柱单元 9之间的主横梁单元 16, 安装在立柱单元 6、 立柱单元 3之间的 主横梁单元 17, 安装在立柱单元 3、 立柱单元 7之间的主横梁单元 18, 安装在立柱单元 7、 立柱单元 9之间的主横梁单元 19, 安装在立柱单元 7、 立柱单元 4之间的主横梁单元 20, 安 装在立柱单元 4、 立柱单元 8之间的主横梁单元 21 ; 还包括结构和安装方式相同的楼板单元 22、 楼板单元 23、 楼板单元 24、 楼板单元 25。
如图 2所示, 立柱单元 3仅包括立柱骨架单元, 立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨 26, 固定在 立柱龙骨 26上用来支撑主横梁龙骨单元 17的支撑脚 27、 用来支撑主横梁龙骨单元 18的支 撑脚 28。 立柱龙骨为工字钢, 工字钢型材为现有型材, 可直接取而用之, 相对于现有的采用 模板成型立柱更加的快捷, 同时成本也低。支撑脚 27包括固定板 29、支承板 30及两筋板 31, 支承板 30焊接在固定板 29上, 支承板 30与固定板 29成 90° 角, 筋板 31置于支承板 30的 下方与固定板 29和支承板 30焊接, 以提高支撑脚的强度。 固定板 29焊接在立柱龙骨 26的 侧面上, 支承板 30用于支承主横梁单元 17。 支撑脚 28与支撑脚 27的结构相同并相互垂直。
如图 2所示,立柱单元 6与立柱单元 3结构不同的是,在立柱单元 6上设有三个支撑脚, 在立柱单元 6与立柱单元 3相对的面上还设有支撑脚 32。 立柱单元 8与立柱单元 6关于其中 心位置的竖直面对称。 立柱单元 5与立柱单元 6的结构相同, 其安装关系相对于立柱单元 6 顺时针旋转 180° 。 立柱单元 7与立柱单元 5关于其中心位置的竖直面对称。 立柱单元 9与 立柱单元 6结构不同的是, 在立柱单元 9上设有四个支撑脚, 在立柱单元 9与立柱单元 6相
对的面上还设有支撑脚 (未示出)。
如图 2所示, 主横梁单元 18为边主横梁单元, 包括主横梁龙骨单元, 固定在主横梁龙骨 单元上的主横梁模板。 主横梁龙骨单元包括二条水平方向阵列的大横截面积的承重方管形型 钢主横梁大龙骨 33, 还包括均匀阵列的、 置于主横梁大龙骨 33下方、 与主横梁大龙骨 33垂 直、 顶面与主横梁大龙骨 33的底面贴合、 与主横梁大龙骨 33焊接固定、 十一条小横截面的 方管形型钢主横梁小龙骨 34, 两条主横梁大龙骨 33的两端均与相应的最外侧的主横梁小龙 骨 34的外侧面齐平; 还包括分别置于主横梁大龙骨 33两端的两端板 35, 两端板 35分别与 主横梁大龙骨 33的两端和相应的最外侧的主横梁小龙骨 34的外侧面焊接固定。 主横梁模板 包括与水平面平行的底板 36和垂直底板 36的外侧板 37, 底板 36与外侧板 37形成 L形, 底 板 36的顶面与主横梁小龙骨 34的底面贴合, 主横梁模板与主横梁小龙骨 34、 主横梁大龙骨 33焊接固定, 外侧板 37的顶面高出主横梁大龙骨 33的顶面。
如图 2所示, 主横梁单元 17与主横梁单元 11的结构不同的是, 主横梁单元 17包括六条 小横截面的方管形型钢主横梁小龙骨 (未示出), 主横梁单元 17的主横梁大龙骨 38、 主横梁 模板 39比主横梁单元 17的主横梁大龙骨、 主横梁模板短, 安装关系旋转了 90° 。
如图 2、 图 4所示, 主横梁单元 16为中间主横梁单元, 与主横梁单元 18的结构不同的 是, 主横梁单元 16的主横梁模板 40仅为与主横梁单元 18的底板 36置于同一水平面并与底 板 36两端齐平的平板。
如图 2、 图 4所示, 主横梁单元 19为中间主横梁单元, 与主横梁单元 17的结构不同的 是, 主横梁单元 19的主横梁模板 41仅为与主横梁单元 17的主横梁模板 39的底板置于同一 水平面并与主横梁模板 39的底板两端齐平的平板。
如图 2所示, 主横梁单元 10、 主横梁单元 14的结构相同, 主横梁单元 20、 主横梁单元 18的结构相同, 主横梁单元 20与主横梁单元 10关于其中心位置的竖直面对称; 主横梁单元 13、 主横梁单元 21的结构相同, 主横梁单元 15、 主横梁单元 17的结构相同, 主横梁单元 15 与主横梁单元 13关于其中心位置的竖直面对称;主横梁单元 12、主横梁单元 16的结构相同。 主横梁单元 12、 主横梁单元 16的结构相同。 主横梁单元 11、 主横梁单元 19的结构相同。
如图 2、 图 3图所示, 楼板单元 24包括网状的楼板龙骨单元 42和六块结构相同的楼板 模板单元 43。 楼板龙骨单元 42包括多条均匀阵列的大横截面积、 方管形的承重纵向型钢大 龙骨 44, 固定在纵向型钢大龙骨 44顶面上的方管形的上横向型钢小龙骨 45和固定在纵向型 钢大龙骨 44底面上的方管形的下横向型钢小龙骨 46; 在纵向型钢大龙骨 44的两端设有悬挂 部, 悬挂部为焊接固定纵向型钢大龙骨 44两端的角码 47, 和连接在角码 47的水平部的底面 上的方管形型钢横向连接条 48; 横向连接条 48的侧面与角码 47的侧面齐平。 上横向型钢小 龙骨 45和下横向型钢小龙骨 46错开排列;下横向型钢小龙骨 46的端面与楼板模板相应的侧 面齐平, 最外侧的两下横向型钢小龙骨 46的外侧面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平; 楼板龙骨单 元通过连接角码 47的横向连接条 48支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上;下横向型钢小龙骨 46的底面 与楼板模板的顶面贴合。上横向型钢小龙骨 45的两端均凸出楼板模板, 在上横向型钢小龙骨 45的底面上均焊接连接有型钢纵向连接条 49; 上横向型钢小龙骨 45的端面与纵向连接条 49
相应的侧面齐平, 纵向连接条 49与横向连接条 48的底面齐平。纵向型钢大龙骨 44两端连接 角码 47的横向连接条 48的底面分别支撑在主横梁单元 16和主横梁单元 18的主横梁大龙骨 上。横向型钢小龙骨 45两端的纵纵向连接条 49的底面分别支撑在主横梁单元 17和主横梁单 元 19的主横梁大龙骨上。 楼板模板单元 43与下横向型钢小龙骨 46焊接固定。
如图 1至图 4所示, 楼板单元 22、 楼板单元 23、 楼板单元 24、 楼板单元 25的楼板模板 四周均与相应的主横梁单元的主横梁模板底板置于同一水平面并拼接在一起。 组合在一起的 所有立柱单元、 主横梁单元的主横梁模板、 楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的 凹腔, 在凹腔内浇灌有包裹所有全部主横梁大龙骨和部分主横梁小龙骨、 所有纵向型钢大龙 骨和全部上横向型钢小龙骨、 部分下横向型钢小龙骨的混凝土 52, 所有的主横梁龙骨单元、 楼板龙骨单元与混凝土 52形成一体的楼板与主横梁。
上述建筑结构的施工方法, 包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产所有的立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元和楼板单元; 在工厂将支承板 30焊接在固定板 29上, 支承板 30与固定板 29成 90° 角; 将两筋板 31置 于支承板 30的下方与固定板 29和支承板 30焊接,将固定板 29焊接在立柱龙骨 26的侧面上; 固定板 29、 支承板 30及两筋板 31形成支撑脚 27 ; 用同样的方式将支撑脚 28固定在立柱龙 骨 26上;这样在工厂立柱单元 3的立柱骨架单元的全部构件形成了一个固定在一起的整体式 结构; 其它立柱单元的立柱骨架单元也以同样的方式在工厂全部固定在一起;
在工厂将全部主横梁小龙骨 34均匀地焊接在主横梁大龙骨 33的底面上,再将两端板 35分别 焊接在主横梁大龙骨 33的两端, 将主横梁模板的底板 36和外侧板 37与主横梁小龙骨 34焊 接固定; 这样在工厂主横梁单元 18的全部构件形成了一个固定在一起的整体式结构; 其它主 横梁单元也以同样的方式在工厂全部固定在一起;
在工厂将角码 47焊接固定纵向型钢大龙骨 44两端,将方管形型钢横向连接条 48焊接连接在 角码 47的水平部的底面上, 从而形成楼板单元 24的悬挂部; 将上横向型钢小龙骨 45焊接在 纵向型钢大龙骨 44顶面上, 将纵向连接条 49焊接连接在上横向型钢小龙骨 45的底面上; 将 下横向型钢小龙骨 46焊接在纵向型钢大龙骨 44的底面上;将楼板模板 50与下横向型钢小龙 骨 46焊接固定; 这样在工厂楼板单元 24的全部构件形成了一个固定在一起的整体式结构; 其它楼板单元也以同样的方式在工厂全部固定在一起;
2 ) 定位安装立柱骨架单元;
3 ) 吊装主横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定; 完成主横梁单元安装后, 主横梁 单元与立柱骨架单元形成单元格;
4 )吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内, 焊接在楼板单元的角码底面上的横向连接条支撑在相应的 主横梁单元的主横梁大龙骨上; 组合在一起的立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元的主横梁模板、 楼 板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
5 ) 向凹腔内浇灌混凝土 52, 混凝土 52包裹全部主横梁大龙骨和部分主横梁小龙骨、 所有纵 向型钢大龙骨和全部上横向型钢小龙骨、 部分下横向型钢小龙骨; 混凝土 52凝固后, 主横梁 龙骨单元、 楼板龙骨单元与混凝土 52形成一体的楼板与主横梁。
如此重复, 再完成上一层楼板施工。 立柱之间的连接与现有方式相同, 在本发明中不论 述。
该实施例中, 混凝土凝固后, 楼板模板和主横梁模板不需要拆下来, 而是成为建筑结构 的一部分, 这样在施工过程中就完全不需要支撑架和脚手架, 最大限度提高施工效率。 该建 筑结构由于横梁没有凸出楼板, 形成了暗梁式的板柱结构的建筑结构。
实施例 2
如图 5所示, 与实施例 1不同的是, 每个楼板单元包括楼板模板 70、 楼板装饰板 71, 楼 板模板 70为需拆卸的金属模板; 楼板装饰板 71置于下横向型钢小龙骨 79和楼板模板 70的 底板之间; 楼板装饰板 71的周边与楼板模板 70的底板周边齐平, 楼板装饰板 71的底面与楼 板模板 70的顶面贴合, 顶面与下横向型钢小龙骨 79的底面贴合; 在楼板装饰板 71朝上的面 上设有与楼板装饰板 71—体成型的扣式筋条 72, 倒扣式筋条 72嵌入混凝土 (未示出) 内。
如图 6所示,倒扣式筋条 72包括从垂直楼板装饰板 71的顶面延伸垂直部 73和垂直装饰 部两侧延伸的平行部 74。
如图 5所示, 每个主横梁单元包括主横梁模板 75、 主横梁装饰板 76, 主横梁模板 75为 需拆卸的金属模板;主横梁装饰板 76置于主横梁小龙骨 77和楼板主横梁模板 75的底板之间, 主横梁装饰板 76的周边与主横梁模板 75的底板周边齐平,主横梁装饰板 76的底面与主横梁 模板 75的底板顶面贴合, 顶面与主横梁小龙骨 77的底面贴合; 在主横梁装饰板 76朝上的面 上设有与主横梁装饰板 76—体成型的扣式筋条 78,倒扣式筋条 78嵌入混凝土(未示出)内。
如图 5所示, 楼板模板 70、 楼板装饰板 71通过紧固件 (未示出)从下方与楼板龙骨单元 的下横向型钢小龙骨 79、 纵向型钢大龙骨 80固定。 所有楼板单元的楼板模板、 装饰板均通 过紧固件 (未示出)从下方与相应楼板单元的楼板龙骨单元的下横向型钢小龙骨、 纵向型钢大 龙骨固定。 主横梁模板 75通过紧固件 (未示出)从下方与主横梁龙骨单元的主横梁小小龙骨 77、主横梁大龙骨 81固定。所有主横梁模板通过紧固件 (未示出)从下方与主横梁龙骨单元的 主横梁小小龙骨、 主横梁大龙骨固定。
如图 5所示, 与实施例 1不同的是, 该实施例建筑结构的施工方法, 还包括以下步骤: 在混凝土凝固后, 将所有用来固定楼板模板、 楼板装饰板的紧固件从相应楼板单元的楼板龙 骨单元的下横向型钢小龙骨、 纵向型钢大龙骨拆下来, 把楼板单元的楼板模板拆下来, 楼板 装饰板的扣式筋条 72嵌入混凝土内使楼板装饰板成为建筑结构的一部分; 在混凝土凝固后, 将所有用来固定主横梁模板、 主横梁装饰板的紧固件从相应主横梁单元的主横梁小龙骨、 主 横梁大龙骨拆下来, 把主横梁单元的主横梁模板拆下来, 主横梁装饰板的扣式筋条 78嵌入混 凝土使主横梁装饰板成为建筑结构的一部分。
实施例 3
如图 7所示, 与实施例 1不同的是, 所有的主横梁龙骨单元的主横梁大龙骨 80为大横截 面积的承重工字形型钢。
实施例 4
如图 8所示, 与实施例 1不同的是, 所有的主横梁龙骨单元的主横梁大龙骨 90为大横截
面积的承重圆管形型钢。所有的楼板单元的大横截面积的承重纵向型钢大龙骨 91为圆管形型 钢。
实施例 5
如图 9至图 11所示, 与实施例 1不同的是, 在每两条相邻的纵向的主横梁单元间均安装 有两条与主横梁单元平行的次横梁单元 101、次横梁单元 148。所有主横梁龙骨单元的结构与 实施例 1不同。
如图 10、 图 11所示, 主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板 110和垂直底板 110的外侧 板 111和内侧板 112。 主横梁单元 102为边主横梁单元, 包括主横梁龙骨单元, 固定在主横 梁龙骨单元上的主横梁模板。 主横梁龙骨单元包括四条结构完全相同、 大横截面积的承重圆 管形型钢主横梁大龙骨 103、 主横梁大龙骨 104、 主横梁大龙骨 105、 主横梁大龙骨 106, 其 中主横梁大龙骨 103、 主横梁大龙骨 104水平方向阵列, 主横梁大龙骨 105、 主横梁大龙骨 106分别位于主横梁大龙骨 103、主横梁大龙骨 104正下方同一水平位置; 还包括十一条均匀 阵列的、 与主横梁大龙骨 103和主横梁大龙骨 104垂直、 顶面与主横梁大龙骨 103和主横梁 大龙骨 104的底部焊接固定、底面与主横梁大龙骨 105和主横梁大龙骨 106的顶部焊接固定、 小横截面的方管形型钢主横梁小龙骨 107, 主横梁大龙骨 103、 主横梁大龙骨 104、 主横梁大 龙骨 105、 主横梁大龙骨 106的两端均与最外侧的主横梁小龙骨 107的外侧面齐平; 还包括 十一条均匀阵列的、 分别位于主横梁小龙骨 107正下方、 与主横梁大龙骨 103和主横梁大龙 骨 103垂直、 顶面与主横梁大龙骨 105和主横梁大龙骨 106的底部焊接固定、 底面与主横梁 模板的底板 110焊接固定、 小横截面的方管形型钢主横梁小龙骨 108, 主横梁大龙骨 105、 主 横梁大龙骨 106的两端均与最外侧的相应的主横梁小龙骨 108的外侧面齐平; 还包括分别置 于主横梁大龙骨 103两端的两端板 109,两端板 109与主横梁大龙骨 103、主横梁大龙骨 104、 主横梁大龙骨 105、主横梁大龙骨 106的两端和相应的最外侧的主横梁小龙骨 107、主横梁小 龙骨 108的外侧面焊接固定。 底板 110的顶面与主横梁小龙骨 108的底面贴合, 内侧板 112 与楼板模板 113贴合在一起, 内侧板 112的顶面与底板 110的顶面齐平, 并通过焊接将底板 110与主横梁小龙骨 108固定, 外侧板 111的顶面高出主横梁大龙骨 103、 主横梁大龙骨 104 的顶面。
如图 10、 图 11所示, 主横梁单元 114与主横梁单元 102的结构不同的是, 置于主横梁 大龙骨 115和主横梁大龙骨 116下方、 主横梁大龙骨 117和主横梁大龙骨 118上方的主横梁 小龙骨 119为六条, 置于主横梁大龙骨 117和主横梁大龙骨 118下方的主横梁小龙骨 120为 六条; 主横梁单元 114的主横梁模板 121、 主横梁大龙骨 115、 主横梁大龙骨 116、 主横梁大 龙骨 117、 主横梁大龙骨 118比主横梁单元 102的主横梁模板、 主横梁大龙骨 103、 主横梁大 龙骨 104、 主横梁大龙骨 105、 主横梁大龙骨 106短, 安装关系旋转了 90° 。
如图 10、 图 11所示, 主横梁单元 122为中间主横梁单元, 与主横梁单元 102的结构不 同的是, 主横梁单元 122的主横梁模板的两侧板 123的顶面齐平, 两侧板 123的顶面与所有 楼板模板 113的顶面齐平, 侧板 123与楼板模板 113贴合在一起。
如图 10、 图 11所示, 次横梁单元 101包括次横梁龙骨单元和次横梁模板; 次横梁龙骨
单元包括二条阵列的圆管形型钢次横梁大龙骨 124, 还包括六条阵列的、 置于次横梁大龙骨 124下方、 与次横梁大龙骨 124垂直并固定、 小横截面的方管形型钢次横梁小龙骨 125 ; 还包 括分别置于次横梁大龙骨 124两端的角码 126, 角码 126的垂直部与次横梁大龙骨 124的相 应端部和相应的最外侧的次横梁小龙骨 125的外侧面焊接固定,角码 126的水平部为悬挂部, 次横梁龙骨单元通过角码 126的水平部支撑在横向的主横梁龙骨单元 102、 主横梁龙骨单元 122上。次横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板 127和垂直底板 127的两侧板 128, 次横梁模板 的两侧板 128的顶面齐平, 两侧板 128的顶面与楼板模板 113的顶面齐平, 侧板 128与楼板 模板 113贴合在一起。
如图 11所示, 在每两两相邻的四个立柱 129、 立柱 130、 立柱 131、 立柱 132与依次连 接立柱 129、 立柱 130、 立柱 131、 立柱 132、 立柱 129的主横梁单元 114、 主横梁单元 102、 主横梁单元 133、主横梁单元 122形成的单元格内设有三个结构相同的楼板单元 100、楼板单 元 134、楼板单元 135。楼板单元 100与实施例 1楼板单元结构不同的是, 楼板单元 100包括 网状的楼板龙骨单元和二块结构相同的楼板模板单元 113。 楼板龙骨单元包括多条均匀阵列 的大横截面积、 圆管形的承重纵向型钢大龙骨 136, 固定在纵向型钢大龙骨 136顶部的方管 形的上横向型钢小龙骨 137和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨 136底部的方管形的下横向型钢小龙骨 138; 在纵向型钢大龙骨 136的两端设有悬挂部, 悬挂部为焊接固定纵向型钢大龙骨 136—端 的角码 139, 和连接在角码 139的水平部的底部的方管形型钢横向连接条 140, 另一端的角码 141,和连接在角码 141的水平部的底部的方管形型钢横向连接条 142 ;横向连接条的侧面 140 与角码 139的侧面齐平, 横向连接条的侧面 142与角码 141的侧面齐平,。上横向型钢小龙骨 137和下横向型钢小龙骨 138错开排列; 下横向型钢小龙骨 138的端面与楼板模板相应的侧 面齐平, 最外侧的两下横向型钢小龙骨 138的外侧面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平; 下横向型 钢小龙骨 138的底面与楼板模板 113的顶面贴合。 上横向型钢小龙骨 137的两端均凸出楼板 模板。 楼板单元 100通过连接角码 139的横向连接条 140支撑在主横梁龙骨单元 122的主横 梁大龙骨上, 通过连接角码 141的横向连接条 142支撑在主横梁龙骨单元 102的主横梁大龙 骨上; 上横向型钢小龙骨 137的一端支撑在主横梁单元 114的主横梁大龙骨上, 另一端支撑 在次梁单元 101的次横梁大龙骨上。
楼板单元 134通过连接角码 143的横向连接条 144支撑在主横梁龙骨单元 122的主横梁 大龙骨上, 通过连接角码 145的横向连接条 146支撑在主横梁龙骨单元 102的主横梁大龙骨 上; 横向型钢小龙骨 147的一端支撑在次梁单元 101的次横梁大龙骨上, 另一端支撑在次梁 单元 148的次横梁大龙骨上。
楼板龙骨单元 135通过连接角码 149的横向连接条 150支撑在主横梁龙骨单元 122的主 横梁大龙骨上, 通过连接角码 151的横向连接条 152支撑在主横梁龙骨单元 102的主横梁大 龙骨上; 横向型钢小龙骨 153的一端支撑在次梁单元 148的次横梁大龙骨上, 另一端支撑在 主横梁单元 133的主横梁大龙骨上。
施工方法与实施例不同的是, 在安装玩同一单元格的主横梁单元后, 将次横梁单元安装 在相应的主横梁单元上, 再安装模板单元。
该建筑结构横梁 154凸出楼板 155, 形成了明梁式的板柱梁结构的建筑结构。 实施例 6
如图 12至图 14所示, 与实施例 5不同的是, 立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元、 立柱模板。 在同一高度位置设有两件立柱模板 180、 立柱模板 181。
立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨单元, 固定在立柱龙骨单元上用来支撑主横梁龙骨单元的支 撑脚。 立柱龙骨单元为四条分布在矩形的四个角上、 承重竖向立柱大龙骨 182、 立柱大龙骨 183、 立柱大龙骨 184、 立柱大龙骨 185。
立柱骨架单元还包括安装在立柱大龙骨 182、立柱大龙骨 183与立柱大龙骨 185、立柱大 龙骨 184之间、 用来分隔立柱大龙骨 182、 立柱大龙骨 183与立柱大龙骨 185、 立柱大龙骨 184并将同一立柱同一高度的立柱大龙骨 182、 立柱大龙骨 183、 立柱大龙骨 184、 立柱大龙 骨 185固定在一起的轴线为竖直方向、 竖直方向阵列的多个短连接管 186, 分别焊接在立柱 大龙骨 182、立柱大龙骨 183与立柱大龙骨 185、立柱大龙骨 184相背的外侧面上的轴线为竖 直方向、 竖直方向阵列的多个短隔管 187、 短隔管 188, 分别焊接在立柱大龙骨 184、 立柱大 龙骨 185与立柱大龙骨 183、立柱大龙骨 182相背的外侧面、 并与短隔管 188、 短隔管 187关 于其中心位置的竖直面对称的短隔管 189、 短隔管 190; 支撑脚为固定在立柱大龙骨 184、 立 柱大龙骨 185上的其中短隔管 191、 短隔管 192 ; 立柱模板 180通过紧固件(未示出)穿过短 隔管 189与立柱大龙骨 184固定、 穿过短隔管 190与立柱大龙骨 185固定; 立柱模板 181通 过紧固件 (未示出) 穿过短隔管 187与立柱大龙骨 182固定、 穿过短隔管 188与立柱大龙骨 183固定。 同一高度的的立柱模板 180、 立柱模板 181围成闭合的方管状空腔 193, 立柱模板 180与立柱大龙骨 184、立柱大龙骨 185相对的侧面间设有间隙, 立柱模板 181与立柱大龙骨 182、 立柱大龙骨 183相对的侧面间设有间隙。 在立柱模板 180、 立柱模板 181的正下方还设 有与立柱模板 180、 立柱模板 181横截面结构完全相同的立柱模板 194、 立柱模板 195。 立柱 模板 194通过紧固件 (未示出) 穿过短隔管 189与立柱大龙骨 184固定、 穿过短隔管 190与 立柱大龙骨 185固定; 立柱模板 195通过紧固件(未示出)穿过短隔管 187与立柱大龙骨 182 固定、 穿过短隔管 188与立柱大龙骨 183固定。 组合在一起的立柱模板 180、 立柱模板 181 立柱模板、 立柱模板 194、 立柱模板 195在与横梁单元 196、 横梁单元 197配合的位置避空。 所有的短连接管、 短隔管的轴线为竖直方向, 混凝土会充满短连接管和短隔管的管腔; 从而 增强纵短连接管、 短隔管刚性及与混凝土的咬合力, 使建筑结构更好, 更坚固安全。
组合在一起的所有立柱单元、 主横梁单元的主横梁模板、 楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一 起形成开口向上的凹腔 198, 所有立柱的立柱模板形成的方管状空腔 193与相应楼层的凹腔 198连通。 在凹腔 198 内浇灌有包裹该层所有全部主横梁大龙骨和部分主横梁小龙骨、 所有 纵向型钢大龙骨和全部上横向型钢小龙骨、 部分下横向型钢小龙骨的混凝土 199, 在方管状 空腔 193 内浇灌有包裹所有全部立柱大龙骨、 短连接管、 短隔管、 大连接管的混凝土 200, 混凝土 199与混凝土 200形成一体结构。 所有的主横梁龙骨单元、 楼板龙骨单元与混凝土、 所有的立柱单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板、 主横梁、 立柱。
建筑结构的施工方法与实施例 1不同的是, 在安装楼板单元后, 安装立柱模板: 将立柱
模板与相应的立柱骨架单元固定; 立柱模板形成的方管状空腔 193与相应楼层的凹腔 198连 通; 向凹腔 198内浇灌混凝土 199, 向方管状空腔 193内浇灌混凝土 200; 凹腔 198内的混凝 土 199包裹所有全部主横梁大龙骨、 部分或全部主横梁小龙骨、 所有纵向型钢大龙骨、 部分 或全部横向型钢小龙骨; 方管状空腔 193内的混凝土 200包裹所有全部立柱龙骨单元, 凹腔 198内的混凝土 199与方管状空腔 193内的混凝土 200形成一体结构; 混凝土 199、 混凝土 200 固后, 所有的主横梁龙骨单元、 楼板龙骨单元与混凝土、 所有的立柱骨架单元与混凝土 形成一体的楼板、 主横梁、 立柱。
实施例 7
如图 15所示, 与实施例 6不同的是, 所有的楼板单元的大横截面积的承重纵向型钢大龙 骨为方管形型钢。 所有的主横梁龙骨单元的主横梁大龙骨为大横截面积的承重槽钢, 同一主 横梁龙骨单元同一水平方向的两条主横梁大龙骨开口相对。 所有的次横梁龙骨单元的次横梁 大龙骨为大横截面积的承重槽钢, 两条次横梁大龙骨开口相对。
立柱龙骨单元为四条开口相对、 结构相同、 分布在矩形的四个角上、 承重竖向槽钢立柱 大龙骨 220、立柱大龙骨 221、立柱大龙骨 222、立柱大龙骨 223,和四条位于立柱大龙骨 220、 立柱大龙骨 221、立柱大龙骨 222、立柱大龙骨 223正下方、横截面结构相同的 C形立柱大龙 骨 225、 立柱大龙骨 226、 立柱大龙骨 227、 立柱大龙骨 228, 立柱大龙骨 220、 立柱大龙骨
221、 立柱大龙骨 222、 立柱大龙骨 223与相邻的立柱大龙骨 225、 立柱大龙骨 226、 立柱大 龙骨 227、 立柱大龙骨 228通过大连接管 224的四个侧面贴合连接固定。
支撑脚包括固定板 229、 支承板 230及两筋板 231, 支承板 230焊接在固定板 229上, 支承板 230与支承板 229成 90° 角, 筋板 231置于支承板 230的下方与支承板 229和支承板
230焊接, 以提高支撑脚的强度。支承板 229焊接在立柱大龙骨 227、立柱大龙骨 228的侧面 上, 支承板 230用于支承主横梁单元 232。
实施例 8
如图 16所示, 与实施例 7不同的是, 所有的主横梁龙骨单元的主横梁大龙骨为大横截面 积的承重 L形型钢。 同一主横梁单元的四条主横梁大龙骨 250、 主横梁大龙骨 251、 主横梁大 龙骨 252、主横梁大龙骨 253相向排列形成矩形, 四条主横梁大龙骨 250、主横梁大龙骨 251、 主横梁大龙骨 252、 主横梁大龙骨 253通过长条形的 L形型钢 254固定, 主横梁大龙骨 253 通过多个短方管 255与 L形型钢 254和主横梁大龙骨 251固定。
所有的立柱单元的立柱大龙骨为承重 L形型钢。 同一立柱单元的四条立柱大龙骨 256、 立柱大龙骨 257、立柱大龙骨 258、立柱大龙骨 259相向排列形成矩形, 短连接管 260与立柱 大龙骨 256、 立柱大龙骨 257、 立柱大龙骨 258、 立柱大龙骨 259贴合并固定。
实施例 9
如图 17所示, 与实施例 6不同的是, 楼板龙骨单元包括多条均匀阵列的大横截面积、 圆 管形的承重纵向型钢大龙骨 300, 固定在纵向型钢大龙骨 300顶部的长条状的最外侧的平板 301、 平板 302和中间位置多条水平阵的平板 303, 和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨 300底部的多条 方管形的下横向型钢小龙骨 304; 最外侧的平板 301、平板 302凸出纵向型钢大龙骨 300的端
部形成悬挂部。 平板 303的两端均凸出楼板模板 305。 楼板单元通过最外侧的平板 301支撑 在主横梁龙骨单元 306的主横梁大龙骨上,通过最外侧的平板 302支撑在主横梁龙骨单元 307 的主横梁大龙骨上; 平板 301的一端支撑在主横梁单元 308的主横梁大龙骨上, 另一端支撑 在次梁单元 309的次横梁大龙骨上。
实施例 10
如图 18所示, 与实施例 6不同的是, 楼板龙骨单元包括多条均匀阵列的大横截面积、 圆 管形的承重纵向型钢大龙骨 330, 固定在纵向型钢大龙骨 330顶部中间位置多条水平阵列的 开口朝下的槽钢 331, 和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨 330底部的多条方管形的下横向型钢小龙骨 332。 在槽钢 331的底部设有与纵向型钢大龙骨 330配合的弧形槽 333、 与主横梁单元的圆管 形型钢主横梁大龙骨 334配合的弧形槽 335、 与次横梁单元的圆管形型钢次横梁大龙骨 336 配合的弧形槽 337, 槽钢 331的两端均凸出楼板模板 338。在纵向型钢大龙骨 330的两端均焊 接有两个关于过纵向型钢大龙骨 330 的轴线的竖直面对称的异形角码 339, 在异形角码 339 的底部设有与纵向型钢大龙骨 330配合的弧形部 340。 楼板单元通过纵向型钢大龙骨 330— 端的异形角码 339支撑在主横梁龙骨单元的圆管形型钢主横梁大龙骨 341上, 通过纵向型钢 大龙骨 330另一端的异形角码 339支撑在主横梁龙骨单元的的圆管形型钢主横梁大龙骨 342 上; 槽钢 331的一端支撑在主横梁单元的主横梁大龙骨 334上, 另一端支撑在次梁单元的次 横梁大龙骨 336上。
实施例 11
如图 19所示, 与实施例 6不同的是, 楼板龙骨单元包括多条均匀阵列的大横截面积、 H 形的承重纵向型钢大龙骨 360, 焊接固定在纵向型钢大龙骨 360顶面的多条方管形的上横向 型钢小龙骨 361, 和分别焊接固定在每条纵向型钢大龙骨 360底面、 轴线为水平方向的、 多 条平行的短垫管 362, 在每条纵向型钢大龙骨 360的两端均焊接有小方钢板 363形成悬挂部。 上横向型钢小龙骨 361的两端均凸出楼板模板 381。 短垫管 361的底面与楼板模板 381的顶 面贴合。 楼板模板 381通过紧固件 (未示出) 与短垫管 362和纵向型钢大龙骨 360固定。 在 纵向型钢大龙骨 360的腹板上均设有多个轴线为水平方向的容置通孔 364。
立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元、 立柱模板 365。 立柱骨架单元包括一条 H形型钢立柱大龙 骨 366, 分别焊接在立柱大龙骨 366的翼缘相背的外侧面上的轴线为竖直方向、 竖直方向阵 列的多个方管形短隔管 367、短隔管 368, 焊接在立柱大龙骨 366上用来支撑主横梁龙骨单元 的轴线为水平方向的方管形支撑脚 369。 在立柱大龙骨 366的腹板上均设有多个轴线为水平 方向的容置通孔 370。 立柱模板 365通过紧固件 (未示出) 与短隔管 368和立柱大龙骨 366 固定。
主横梁单元包括主横梁龙骨单元, 固定在主横梁龙骨单元上的主横梁模板 371。 主横梁 龙骨单元包括一条水平方向的大横截面积的承重 H形型钢主横梁大龙骨 372, 还包括多个平 行的、 焊接固定在主横梁大龙骨 372的底面上、 与主横梁大龙骨 372垂直的、 轴线为水平方 向的方管形型短垫管 373。短垫管 373的底面与主横梁模板 371的顶面贴合。主横梁模板 371 通过紧固件 (未示出) 与短垫管 373和主横梁大龙骨 372固定。 在主横梁大龙骨 372的腹板
上均设有多个轴线为水平方向的容置通孔 374。 在主横梁模板 371 的底板上设有与立柱单元 的支撑脚 369配合的避空部 375。
次横梁单元包括次横梁龙骨单元和次横梁模板 376 ; 次横梁龙骨单元包括一条 H形型钢 次横梁大龙骨 377, 多个平行的、 焊接固定在次横梁大龙骨 377的底面上、 与次横梁大龙骨 377垂直的、 轴线为水平方向的方管形短垫管 378 ; 还包括分别焊接固定在次横梁大龙骨 377 两端的顶面上的小方钢板 379, 小方钢板 379形成悬挂部。 短垫管 378的底面与次横梁模板 376的顶面贴合。 次横梁模板 376通过紧固件 (未示出) 与短垫管 378和次横梁大龙骨 376 固定。 在次横梁大龙骨 377的腹板上均设有多个轴线为水平方向的容置通孔 380。
短垫管 362、 短垫管 373、 短垫管 378的轴线为水平方向, 在浇灌混凝土时, 混凝土会充 满短垫管; 在纵向型钢大龙骨 360、 立柱大龙骨 366、 主横梁大龙骨 372、 次横梁大龙骨 377 的腹板上设容置通孔, 在浇灌混凝土时, 混凝土会充满容置通孔; 从而增强纵向型钢大龙骨 360、 立柱大龙骨 366、 主横梁大龙骨 372、 次横梁大龙骨 377与混凝土的咬合力, 使建筑结 构更好, 更坚固安全。
实施例 12
如图 20所示, 与实施例 7不同的是, 所有立柱大龙骨 390和所有主横梁大龙骨 391为
C型钢。
本发明中仅示出一层楼层的结构示意图, 其它未说明部分, 如不同楼层立柱之间的连接 固定、 立柱与地基之间的固定等均与现有技术同。
本发明中的纵向型钢大龙骨、 主横梁大龙骨、 立柱龙骨为方管或圆管时, 可在纵向型钢 大龙骨、 主横梁大龙骨、 立柱龙骨内灌注混凝土。
Claims
1、 一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 包括立柱单元、 主横梁单元、 楼板单元; 楼板单元包括网状 的楼板龙骨单元和楼板模板, 楼板龙骨单元包括阵列的大横截面积的承重纵向型钢大龙骨和 与纵向型钢大龙骨固定的小横截面积的横向型钢小龙骨, 楼板模板与楼板龙骨单元固定, 楼 板模板的顶面与纵向型钢大龙骨的底面设有间隙; 主横梁单元包括主横梁龙骨单元, 固定在 主横梁龙骨单元上的主横梁模板,主横梁龙骨单元包括大横截面积的承重型钢主横梁大龙骨, 主横梁模板的顶面与主横梁大龙骨的底面设有间隙; 立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元, 立柱骨架 单元包括立柱龙骨单元, 固定在立柱龙骨单元上用来支撑主横梁龙骨单元的支撑脚; 所述的 主横梁单元两端放置在相邻两立柱单元相对的两支撑脚上并与两支撑脚固定; 在纵向型钢大 龙骨的两端设有悬挂部, 在立柱单元与主横梁单元形成的每个单元格内安装有一个以上的楼 板单元, 楼板单元通过悬挂部支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上; 组合在一起的立柱单元、 主横梁单 元的主横梁模板、 楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔, 在凹腔内浇灌有包 裹主横梁大龙骨、 纵向型钢大龙骨、 和部分或全部横向型钢小龙骨的混凝土, 所述主横梁龙 骨单元、 楼板龙骨单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与主横梁。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 所述的建筑结构为板柱结构; 主横梁单 元包括边主横梁单元; 边主横梁单元的主横梁龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的所述主横梁大龙 骨, 还包括阵列的、 置于主横梁大龙骨下方、 与主横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、 小横截面的型钢 所述主横梁小龙骨; 边主横梁单元还包括端板, 端板固定在主横梁大龙骨的两端; 边主横梁 单元的主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板和垂直底板的外侧板, 底板与外侧板形成 L形, 底板的顶面与主横梁小龙骨的底面贴合, 外侧板的顶面高出主横梁龙骨单元的顶面, 底板与 楼板模板齐平并贴合在一起。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 主横梁单元还包括中间主横梁单元; 中 间主横梁单元的主横梁龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的所述主横梁大龙骨, 还包括阵列的、 置 于主横梁大龙骨下方、 与主横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、 小横截面的型钢主横梁小龙骨; 中间主 横梁单元还包括端板, 端板固定在主横梁大龙骨的两端; 中间主横梁单元的主横梁模板的顶 面与主横梁小龙骨的底面贴合与楼板模板齐平并贴合在一起。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 所述的建筑结构为板柱梁结构; 主横梁 单元包括边主横梁单元; 边主横梁单元的主横梁龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的所述主横梁大 龙骨, 还包括阵列的、 置于主横梁大龙骨下方、 与主横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、 小横截面的型 钢主横梁小龙骨; 主横梁单元还包括端板, 端板固定在主横梁大龙骨的两端; 边主横梁单元 的主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板和垂直底板的外侧板和内侧板, 底板的顶面与主横梁 小龙骨的底面贴合, 外侧板的顶面高出主横梁龙骨单元的顶面, 内侧板的顶面与楼板模板的 顶面齐平, 内侧板与楼板模板贴合在一起。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 中间主横梁单元的主横梁龙骨单元包括 二条以上阵列的所述主横梁大龙骨, 还包括阵列的、 置于主横梁大龙骨下方、 与主横梁大龙
骨垂直并固定、 小横截面的型钢主横梁小龙骨; 主横梁单元还包括端板, 端板固定在主横梁 大龙骨的两端;中间主横梁单元的主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板和垂直底板的两侧板, 底板的顶面与主横梁小龙骨的底面贴合, 侧板的顶面与楼板模板的顶面齐平, 侧板与楼板模 板贴合在一起。
6、 如权利要求 1至 5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 所述的楼板单元还包括楼 板装饰板, 楼板模板为需拆卸的金属模板; 楼板装饰板置于楼板龙骨单元和楼板模板的之间; 在楼板装饰板、 楼板模板上设有与支撑脚配合的避空部, 主横梁单元的主横梁龙骨单元支撑 在支撑脚上; 楼板装饰板、 楼板模板通过紧固件从下方固定在相应的楼板龙骨单元上; 在楼 板装饰板朝上的面上设有倒扣, 倒扣嵌入混凝土内。
7、 如权利要求 1至 5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 横向型钢小龙骨包括固定 在纵向型钢大龙骨顶面上的上横向型钢小龙骨和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨底面上的下横向型钢 小龙骨; 悬挂部包括固定纵向型钢大龙骨两端的角码; 上横向型钢小龙骨和下横向型钢小龙 骨错开排列; 下横向型钢小龙骨的端面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平, 最外侧的两下横向型钢 小龙骨的外侧面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平; 楼板龙骨单元通过角码的水平部支撑在主横梁 龙骨单元上; 下横向型钢小龙骨的底面与楼板模板的顶面贴合。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 悬挂部还包括连接在角码的水平部的底 面上的型钢横向连接条; 上横向型钢小龙骨的两端均凸出楼板模板, 在上横向型钢小龙骨的 底面上均连接有型钢纵向连接条; 纵向连接条与横向连接条的底面齐平; 纵向连接条和横向 连接条的底面支撑在相应的主横梁龙骨单元上。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 楼板模板可拆卸模板, 楼板模板通过紧 固件从下方固定在楼板龙骨单元上; 楼板模板单元包括楼板模板和设置在楼板模板底面固定 的加强条。
10、 如权利要求 1至 5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 还包括次横梁单元; 次 横梁单元包括次横梁龙骨单元和次横梁模板; 次横梁龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的次横梁大 龙骨, 还包括阵列的、 置于次横梁大龙骨下方、 与次横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、 小横截面的型 钢次横梁小龙骨; 次横梁单元还包括端板, 端板固定在次横梁大龙骨的两端; 在主横梁龙骨 单元上设有支撑部或在次横梁龙骨单元上设有悬挂部, 次横梁龙骨单元支撑在主横梁龙骨单 元的支撑部上或通过次横梁龙骨单元的悬挂部支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上; 次横梁模板与相应 的楼板模板拼接, 其顶部平面与楼板模板顶部平面齐平。
11、 如权利要求 1至 5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 在纵向型钢大龙骨上设 有容置混凝土的容置通孔。
12、 如权利要求 1至 5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 在每条纵向型钢大龙骨 的底面固定有多条轴线为水平方向的的短垫管, 短垫管的底面与楼板模板的顶面贴合。
13、 如权利要求 1至 5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 所述的立柱单元还包括 立柱模板, 在同一高度位置设有两条以上立柱模板; 所述立柱龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的、 承重竖向立柱大龙骨; 所述的立柱骨架单元还包括安装在所述立柱大龙骨间、 用来分隔立柱
大龙骨并将同一立柱同一高度的立柱大龙骨固定在一起的轴线为竖直方向的短连接管, 固定 在所述不同立柱大龙骨相背的两个外侧面上的轴线为竖直方向的短隔管; 所述的支撑脚固定 在所述的立柱大龙骨上; 所述的立柱模板与短隔管贴合并固定, 同一高度的的所述立柱模板 围城闭合的管状空腔, 立柱模板的与立柱大龙骨外相对的侧面间设有间隙; 立柱模板在与横 梁单元配合的位置避空, 立柱模板形成的管状空腔与所述的凹腔连通。
14、 如权利要求 13所述的一种建筑结构, 其特征在于: 所述的支撑脚置于所述的立柱模板形 成的管状空腔内。
15、一种如权利要求 1至 5任意一项所述的建筑结构的施工方法, 其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元和楼板单元; 生产立柱骨架单元: 将同一根立柱骨架单元的立柱龙骨单元固定在一起, 将支撑脚固定在立 柱龙骨单元上;
生产楼板单元: 楼板单元包括网状的楼板龙骨单元和楼板模板, 将悬挂部固定在纵向型钢大 龙骨的两端, 将纵向型钢大龙骨与横向型钢小龙骨固定在一起, 将楼板模板与楼板龙骨单元 固定;
生产主横梁单元: 将主横梁大龙骨与主横梁小龙骨固定在一起形成主横梁龙骨单元, 将主横 梁模板固定在主横梁龙骨单元上;
2 ) 定位安装立柱骨架单元;
3 ) 吊装主横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定; 完成主横梁单元安装后, 主横梁 单元与立柱骨架单元形成单元格;
4 ) 吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内, 楼板单元的悬挂部支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上; 组合在一起 的立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元的主横梁模板、 楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上 的凹腔;
5 ) 向凹腔内浇灌混凝土, 混凝土包裹主横梁龙骨单元、 纵向型钢大龙骨、 和部分或全部横向 型钢小龙骨; 混凝土凝固后, 所述主横梁龙骨单元、 楼板龙骨单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板 与主横梁。
16、 一种如权利要求 1至 5任意一项所述的建筑结构的施工方法, 其特征在于: 所述的建筑 结构的立柱单元还包括立柱模板, 在同一高度位置设有两条以上围成闭合的管状空腔的立柱 模板; 其特征在于施工方法包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元和楼板单元; 生产立柱骨架单元: 将同一根立柱骨架单元的立柱龙骨单元固定在一起, 将支撑脚固定在立 柱龙骨单元上;
生产楼板单元: 楼板单元包括网状的楼板龙骨单元和楼板模板, 将悬挂部固定在纵向型钢大 龙骨的两端, 将纵向型钢大龙骨与横向型钢小龙骨固定在一起, 将楼板模板与楼板龙骨单元 固定;
生产主横梁单元: 将主横梁大龙骨与主横梁小龙骨固定在一起形成主横梁龙骨单元, 将主横 梁模板固定在主横梁龙骨单元上;
2) 定位安装立柱骨架单元;
3) 吊装主横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定; 完成主横梁单元安装后, 主横梁 单元与立柱骨架单元形成单元格;
4) 吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内, 楼板单元的悬挂部支撑在主横梁龙骨单元上; 组合在一起 的立柱骨架单元、 主横梁单元的主横梁模板、 楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上 的凹腔;
5)安装立柱模板: 将立柱模板与相应的立柱骨架单元固定; 同一高度的立柱模板形成管状空 腔, 管状空腔与所述的凹腔连通;
6) 向凹腔和管状空腔内浇灌混凝土; 凹腔内的混凝土包裹所有全部主横梁大龙骨、 部分或全 部主横梁小龙骨、 所有纵向型钢大龙骨、 部分或全部横向型钢小龙骨; 管状空腔内的混凝土 包裹所有全部立柱龙骨单元, 凹腔内的混凝土与管状空腔内的混凝土形成一体结构; 混凝土 凝固后, 所有的主横梁龙骨单元、 楼板龙骨单元与混凝土、 所有的立柱骨架单元与混凝土形 成一体的楼板、 主横梁、 立柱。
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US20180355600A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
US10837166B2 (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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