WO2015129395A1 - 圧排装置およびロボットシステム - Google Patents

圧排装置およびロボットシステム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015129395A1
WO2015129395A1 PCT/JP2015/052877 JP2015052877W WO2015129395A1 WO 2015129395 A1 WO2015129395 A1 WO 2015129395A1 JP 2015052877 W JP2015052877 W JP 2015052877W WO 2015129395 A1 WO2015129395 A1 WO 2015129395A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exclusion
suction
smoke
body cavity
organ
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PCT/JP2015/052877
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
悟 菊池
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オリンパス株式会社
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Publication of WO2015129395A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015129395A1/ja

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/003Steerable
    • A61B2017/00305Constructional details of the flexible means
    • A61B2017/00314Separate linked members
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2901Details of shaft
    • A61B2017/2906Multiple forceps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2217/00General characteristics of surgical instruments
    • A61B2217/002Auxiliary appliance
    • A61B2217/005Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2218/00Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2218/001Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body having means for irrigation and/or aspiration of substances to and/or from the surgical site
    • A61B2218/007Aspiration
    • A61B2218/008Aspiration for smoke evacuation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exclusion device and a robot system, and more particularly to an exclusion device and a robot system for excluding an organ in a body cavity.
  • an exclusion device that excludes organs around a treatment site is known (for example, (See Patent Document 1).
  • a suction port used for adsorption of an exclusion surface to an organ and suction of liquid accumulated in the abdominal cavity is provided on the exclusion surface.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an exclusion device and a robot system capable of simultaneously securing a treatment space by organ exclusion and discharging smoke.
  • an elongated insertion portion that can be inserted into a body cavity of a living body, an exclusion surface that is provided at the distal end of the insertion portion and is in contact with the surface of an organ within the body cavity, and suction
  • a pressure relief portion having a suction surface with an opening, a suction passage having the suction port at a distal end, extending to a proximal end side of the insertion portion, and disposed on a proximal end side of the insertion portion;
  • a suction part that sucks the suction surface, and the suction surface and the suction surface face each other in different directions.
  • the insertion part is inserted into the body cavity, the exclusion part is arranged in the vicinity of the treatment site, the exclusion surface of the exclusion part is brought into contact with an organ around the treatment part, and the exclusion part
  • a treatment space for observing and treating the treatment site can be secured around the treatment site.
  • the suction surface facing in a direction different from the exclusion surface is exposed to the treatment space without contacting the organ. Therefore, the smoke in the treatment space can be discharged to the outside of the living body through the suction port and the suction passage by sucking the inside of the suction passage with the suction portion while excluding the organ and securing the treatment space.
  • the smoke detection part which detects the smoke in the said body cavity, and the attraction
  • produced in the body cavity can be automatically detected by the smoke detection part, and the exhaust_gas
  • the smoke detection unit may receive an endoscope image from an endoscope that images the inside of the body cavity, and may detect the smoke based on a luminance value of the endoscope image. .
  • the smoke detection unit may receive an endoscope image from an endoscope that images the inside of the body cavity, and may detect the smoke based on a luminance value of the endoscope image.
  • the said smoke detection part may detect a smoke based on the action
  • an exclusion device according to any one of the above, a medical instrument inserted into the body cavity, and an electric arm that holds the exclusion device and the medical instrument, respectively, outside the living body.
  • a robot system including an operation input unit operated by an operator and an arm control unit that operates the electric arm based on an operation input to the operation input unit.
  • the arm control unit may control the electric arm holding the exclusion device based on the position and posture of the electric arm holding the medical instrument.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an exclusion device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the usage method in the laparoscopic surgery of the exclusion apparatus of FIG. It is a whole block diagram of the exclusion apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the exclusion part with which the exclusion apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention is provided. It is a whole block diagram which shows the modification of an exclusion apparatus provided with the exclusion part of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the collapsed state of the exclusion part with which the exclusion apparatus which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention is provided. It is a block diagram which shows the state which the exclusion part of FIG. 6A spread.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the exclusion part of FIG. 9 supporting an organ. It is a whole block diagram of the robot system which concerns on the 7th Embodiment of this invention.
  • the exclusion apparatus 10 which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the exclusion device 10 includes an exclusion device 1 and a suction device (suction unit) 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a method of using the retraction tool 1.
  • the exclusion device 10 according to the present embodiment is used together with an endoscope 21 for observing the abdominal cavity A and an energy treatment tool 22 such as an electric knife or an ultrasonic treatment tool in laparoscopic surgery.
  • the exclusion tool 1 includes an elongated insertion portion 3 that can be inserted into the abdominal cavity (body cavity), an exclusion portion 4 provided at the distal end of the insertion portion 3, a gripping portion 5 provided at the proximal end of the insertion portion 3, A suction passage 7 provided through the inside of the exclusion part 4, the insertion part 3, and the grip part 5 is provided.
  • the exclusion part 4 is provided with a rectangular thin plate-like single exclusion member 6 extending from the distal end of the insertion part 3 in the longitudinal direction of the insertion part 3.
  • the exclusion member 6 has an exclusion surface 6A and a suction surface 6B that face each other in the thickness direction. A plurality of suction ports 6b are open on the suction surface 6B.
  • the grip part 5 includes a suction operation part 5a such as a switch for turning on and off the suction operation of the suction device 2.
  • the suction operation unit 5a transmits an ON signal to the suction device 2 when operated by the surgeon.
  • the suction passage 7 is formed along the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion 3 and connects the suction port 6 b and the suction device 2. The suction device 2 sucks the inside of the suction passage 7 when receiving an ON signal from the suction operation unit 5a.
  • the insertion part 3 is inserted into the abdominal cavity A, the exclusion surface 6A is brought into contact with the surface of the organ B located in the treatment space by the energy treatment tool 22, and the organ B is excluded by the exclusion part 4. That is, the organ B is moved away from the treatment space by pressing the organ B with the exclusion part 4. Thereby, a treatment space for operating the energy treatment tool 22 is secured, and a visual field of the treatment space by the endoscope 21 is secured.
  • the surgeon operates the suction operation unit 5a at hand to start suction by operating the suction operation unit 5a.
  • the inside of the suction passage 7 is sucked, the smoke is sucked into the suction port 6b of the suction surface 6B facing the treatment space, and the smoke is removed from the treatment space.
  • the suction surface 6B facing in the direction opposite to the exclusion surface 6A in the state in which the organ B is excluded by the exclusion unit 4 is in the vicinity of the treatment site where smoke is generated. It is exposed to the treatment space without contacting the organ B. Therefore, there is an advantage that the smoke can be efficiently discharged from the suction port 6b of the suction surface 6B while the organ B is excluded by the exclusion unit 4. Further, since it is possible to simultaneously perform the exclusion and the exhaust using the single exclusion device 1, it is possible to continuously observe the treatment space by the endoscope 21 and to operate with the exclusion and the exhaust. Therefore, there is an advantage that the efficiency of the operation can be improved.
  • the exclusion device 20 according to the present embodiment operates the suction device 2 that detects smoke in the abdominal cavity A, and when the smoke is detected by the smoke detection unit 8. It differs from 1st Embodiment in the point further provided with the suction control part 9 to be made. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the smoke detection unit 8 and the suction control unit 9 will be mainly described, and the components common to the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
  • the smoke detector 8 receives an endoscopic image from the endoscopic system 100 that processes an endoscopic image in the abdominal cavity A photographed by the endoscope 21, and analyzes the received endoscopic image. Detect the occurrence of fumes. Specifically, when smoke occurs in the abdominal cavity A, the illumination light emitted from the distal end of the endoscope 21 is irregularly reflected by the smoke, thereby increasing the luminance value of the endoscope image. Therefore, the smoke detection unit 8 sequentially calculates the average value of the luminance values of the received endoscopic image, calculates the time change rate of the average value of the luminance values, and when the time change rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. That is, smoke is detected when the rate of increase in the average value of the luminance values is large. The smoke detection unit 8 transmits a smoke detection signal to the suction control unit 9 when the smoke is detected. The suction control unit 9 operates the suction device 2 when receiving the smoke detection signal.
  • the exclusion device 20 when smoke is generated in association with the treatment by the energy treatment tool 22, the brightness value of the endoscope image is increased by the smoke. From the increase in the luminance value of the endoscopic image, the generation of smoke is detected by the smoke detection unit 8, and the body cavity is exhausted by the suction device 2 automatically. In this way, the detection of the occurrence of fumes in the abdominal cavity A and the execution of exhaust are automatically performed without the operator operating the suction operation unit 5a, so that the operator's effort is saved and the efficiency of the operation is reduced. There is an advantage that it can be further improved.
  • the smoke detection unit 8 detects the generation of the smoke based on the increase in the luminance value of the endoscopic image, but instead of this, or in addition to this, the energy treatment device 22.
  • the generation of smoke may be detected based on the operation of For example, when the smoke detection unit 8 acquires a signal indicating the operating state of the energy treatment tool 22 from the energy treatment tool 22 and detects the start of operation of the energy treatment tool 22, that is, the tissue of the tissue by the energy treatment tool 22.
  • the occurrence of fumes is detected when the treatment starts and a situation occurs where fumes are generated.
  • the exclusion device 30 according to the present embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments in that a suction port 6 a is formed in the exclusion surface 6 ⁇ / b> A in addition to the suction surface 6 ⁇ / b> B. ing.
  • the same reference numerals are assigned to configurations common to the first and second embodiments, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • the exclusion device 30 is provided in parallel with the suction passage 7 (hereinafter referred to as the first suction passage 7), passes through the inside of the exclusion portion 4, the insertion portion 3, and the grip portion 5, and the suction port 6a of the exclusion surface 6A.
  • Another suction passage 72 (hereinafter referred to as the second suction passage 72) for connecting the suction device 2 is provided.
  • the suction device 2 includes, for example, a first switch corresponding to the first suction passage 7 and a second switch corresponding to the second suction passage 72 as the suction operation unit 5a.
  • the suction operation in one suction passage 7 and the suction operation in the second suction passage 72 can be turned on and off separately.
  • the exclusion device 30 configured in this manner, the inside of the second suction passage 72 is aspirated by the aspiration device 2 by operating the aspiration operation unit 5a while the exclusion surface 6A is in contact with the surface of the organ B.
  • the exclusion surface 6A is fixed to the surface of the organ B by the suction force into the suction port 6a.
  • the suction surface 6A on the exclusion surface 6A the exclusion surface 6A can be strongly fixed to the surface of the organ B, and there is an advantage that the exclusion operation of the organ B can be performed stably.
  • Other effects are the same as those of the second embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
  • either the front surface or the back surface of the exclusion member 6 may be used as the exclusion surface 6A and the suction surface 6B.
  • the suction device 2 includes a suction pressure detection unit 11 that detects the suction pressure of the suction passages 7 and 72, and is based on the suction pressure detected by the suction pressure detection unit 11. Thus, it is determined which of the front surface and the back surface is used as the exclusion surface 6A.
  • the suction control unit 9 causes the suction device 2 to suck both suction passages 7 and 72 and compares the suction pressures of the two suction passages 7 and 72 after a predetermined time from the start of suction. Then, the suction controller 9 determines that the surface to which the suction passage 7 or 72 having the higher suction pressure is connected is the exclusion surface 6A, and continues the suction in the suction passage 7 or 72.
  • the suction control unit 9 determines that the surface to which the suction passage 72 or 7 with the lower suction pressure is connected is the suction surface 6B, stops the suction in the suction passage 72 or 7, and thereafter The suction passage 72 or 7 is sucked based on the detection of the smoke by the smoke detection unit 8 or the operation of the suction operation unit 5a.
  • usability can be improved by making it possible to use the front surface and the back surface of the exclusion member 6 as both the exclusion surface 6A and the suction surface 6B.
  • the exclusion surface 6A is fixed to the surface of the organ B by suction, but instead of or in addition to this, other fixing means may be adopted.
  • the suction surface 6A may be provided with a suction cup, or the relief surface 6A may be subjected to uneven processing for increasing friction with the surface of the organ B.
  • an exclusion apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B.
  • the exclusion device according to the present embodiment is different from the first to third embodiments in the structure of the exclusion portion 4. Therefore, in this embodiment, the exclusion part 4 is mainly demonstrated, about the structure which is common in the 1st to 3rd embodiment, the same code
  • the exclusion part 4 includes a plurality (three in this example) of the exclusion members 6 described in the third embodiment.
  • the plurality of exclusion members 6 are stacked in the thickness direction, and base end portions are connected to each other so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis in the stacking direction.
  • the exclusion portion 4 is fan-shaped by the state where the exclusion members 6 are overlapped with each other, and as shown in FIG. 6B, the exclusion members 6 are displaced from each other in the rotational direction. It is designed to deform between the expanded state.
  • the rotation operation of the exclusion member 6 around the rotation axis is performed by a motor (not shown) in accordance with an input to an extension operation unit (not shown) provided in the grip 5.
  • the insertion portion 3 is inserted into the abdominal cavity A in the same manner as in the first embodiment with the exclusion portion 4 folded, and the expansion portion is operated by operating the expansion operation portion. 4 is spread, the surface 6A is brought into contact with the surface of the organ B, and the surface of the organ B is supported by the three surfaces 6A.
  • the expansion portion is operated by operating the expansion operation portion. 4 is spread, the surface 6A is brought into contact with the surface of the organ B, and the surface of the organ B is supported by the three surfaces 6A.
  • an exclusion apparatus 50 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • the exclusion device 50 according to the present embodiment is different from the first to fourth embodiments in that the exclusion member 6 has a joint structure. Therefore, in this embodiment, the retraction tool 1 is mainly demonstrated and about the structure which is common in the 1st-4th embodiment, the same code
  • the exclusion member 6 has an elongated shape like a finger and has a plurality of joints arranged in the longitudinal direction. Each joint is provided so as to be swingable about a swing axis that intersects the longitudinal direction. The exclusion member 6 is bent at an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction as each joint swings, and can be deformed from a linear shape to a curved shape.
  • the suction ports 6a are provided on the cylindrical side surface of the exclusion member 6 in a line in the longitudinal direction.
  • the suction port 6b is arranged in a line in the longitudinal direction at a position on the side surface of the exclusion member 6 that is 180 ° different from the suction port 6a in the circumferential direction.
  • which position of the exclusion member 6 becomes the exclusion surface 6A and which position becomes the suction surface 6B differs according to the bending direction of the exclusion member 6, which position of the exclusion member 6 becomes the exclusion surface 6A and which position becomes the suction surface 6B differs. That is, the side surface located inside the curved shape of the exclusion member 6 is the exclusion surface 6A, and the side surface located outside is the suction surface 6B.
  • the grip portion 5 is provided with a bending operation portion (not shown) such as a switch for operating the deformation of the exclusion member 6.
  • a bending operation portion such as a switch for operating the deformation of the exclusion member 6.
  • the linear exclusion member 6 brought into contact with the surface of the organ B is bent along the curved shape of the organ B by operating the bending operation unit. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 8, there is an advantage that the organ B can be supported by the exclusion surface 6A along the curved shape of the organ B and the organ B can be more gently excluded.
  • an exclusion apparatus 60 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • An exclusion device 60 according to the present embodiment is a modification of the fifth embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of (three in this example) exclusion members 6 provided in parallel with each other. I have. Therefore, in this embodiment, the retraction tool 1 is mainly demonstrated and about the structure which is common in 1st to 5th embodiment, the same code
  • the three exclusion members 6 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the central axis of the insertion portion 3. When the bending operation part is operated to be in the on state, the three exclusion members 6 are curved outwardly convex with respect to the central axis, so that the exclusion part 4 expands in the radial direction. Yes.
  • the suction port 6 a for adsorbing the organ B is provided on the central axis side of the side surface of each exclusion member 6.
  • the suction port 6 b for sucking the smoke is provided on the side of each of the extruding members 6 on the side opposite to the central axis.
  • the exclusion member 6 by operating the bending operation unit, the exclusion member 6 is moved so that the exclusion member 6 follows the three-dimensional curved shape of the organ B as shown in FIG.
  • the organ B is three-dimensionally supported inside the three exclusion members 6 by bending the three exclusion members 6.
  • the organ B can be more gently and stably removed by supporting the organ B three-dimensionally with the exclusion surface 6A along the curved surface shape of the organ B.
  • stable exclusion is possible even when the organ B is removed with a stronger force.
  • the exclusion device 70 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of electric arms 12, 13, and 14 each holding a medical instrument, and remotely operating the electric arms 12, 13, and 14. This is different from the first to sixth embodiments in that it is applied to a robot system 200 that moves a medical instrument in a body cavity. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the configuration of the robot system 200 will be mainly described, and the configurations common to the first to sixth embodiments will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of the exclusion device 70 including the exclusion device 1 described in the sixth embodiment, but any of the exclusion devices described in other embodiments may be adopted. Good.
  • the robot system 200 includes a retraction tool 1, an endoscope (medical instrument) 21 and an energy treatment tool (medical instrument) 22, and a retraction tool 1, an endoscope 21, and an energy treatment tool 22.
  • a retraction tool 1 Based on the articulated electric arms 12, 13, and 14 that hold the respective base end portions outside the body, the operation input unit 15 operated by the operator (operator), and the operation input to the operation input unit 15 And an arm control unit 16 that drives and controls the joints of the electric arms 12, 13, and 14.
  • the arm control unit 16 receives detection values from an encoder (not shown) provided on the electric arms 12, 13, and 14 that detects the rotation angle of each joint, and based on the received detection values of the encoder, The positions and postures of the retraction tool 1, the endoscope 21, and the energy treatment tool 22 are calculated. Then, the arm control unit 16 moves the joint of the electric arm 12 holding the relieving tool 1 so as to move the relieving tool 1 based on the calculated position and posture of the endoscope 21 and the energy treatment tool 22. Control.
  • the retraction device when the endoscope 21 and the energy treatment device 22 approach the retraction device 1 and the distance between the arm control unit 16 and the retraction device 1 becomes less than a predetermined threshold, the retraction device The joint of the electric arm 12 is controlled so that 1 is moved away from the endoscope 21 or the energy treatment tool 22.
  • the robot system 200 configured as described above, when the energy treatment tool 22 approaches the retraction tool 1 while performing the treatment by operating the endoscope 21 and the energy treatment tool 22 in the abdominal cavity A, By automatically moving the retraction device 1 away from the energy treatment device 22, the organ B located near the energy treatment device 22 is further relieved, and a treatment space for the energy treatment device 22 is newly secured. .
  • the retraction tool 1 automatically moves so as to move away from the endoscope 21, and the visual field of the endoscope 21 is ensured.
  • Exclusion device 1, 20, 30, 50, 60, 70 Exclusion device 1 Exclusion tool 2 Suction device (suction part) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Insertion part 4 Exclusion part 5 Grasp part 5a Suction operation part 6 Exclusion member 6A Exclusion surface 6B Suction surface 6a, 6b Suction port 7 Suction passage 8 Smoke detection part 9 Suction control part 11 Suction pressure detection part 12, 13, 14 Electric arm 15 Operation Input Unit 16 Arm Control Unit 21 Endoscope (Medical Instrument) 22 Energy treatment device (medical device) 100 Endoscopic system 200 Robot system A Abdominal cavity (body cavity) B organ

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Abstract

圧排装置(10)は、生体の体腔内に挿入可能な細長い挿入部(3)と、該挿入部(3)の先端に設けられ、体腔内の臓器の表面に接触して配置される圧排面(6A)および吸引口(6b)が開口する吸引面(6B)を備える圧排部(4)と、吸引口(6b)を先端に有し、挿入部(3)の基端側まで延びる吸引通路(7)と、挿入部(3)の基端側に配置され、吸引通路(7)内を吸引する吸引部(2)とを備え、圧排面(6A)および吸引面(6B)が、互いに異なる方向に面している。

Description

圧排装置およびロボットシステム
 本発明は、圧排装置およびロボットシステムに関し、特に、体腔内の臓器を圧排するための圧排装置およびロボットシステムに関するものである。
 従来、腹腔鏡下手術においては、内視鏡や処置具を操作するための処置空間を腹腔内に確保するために、処置部位の周辺の臓器を圧排する圧排装置が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。特許文献1の圧排装置は、圧排面の臓器への吸着と、腹腔内に溜まった液体の吸引とに使用される吸引口が圧排面に設けられている。
特開2006-304948号公報
 腹腔鏡下手術において、電気メスや超音波処置具等のエネルギ処置具によって処置部位を切開したり止血したりすると、処置部位から発生する煙霧によって内視鏡の視野が曇り、処置部位を観察できなくなる。特許文献1の圧排装置を用いて吸引口から煙霧を吸引することにより腹腔内の煙霧を体外に排出することは可能である。しかしながら、この圧排装置によって一度に行うことができる操作は、臓器の圧排と煙霧の吸引とのうち一方のみである。すなわち、圧排面で臓器を圧排しているときには吸引口が臓器によって塞がれた状態にあるため、煙霧を腹腔内から排出することができないという問題がある。
 本発明は、上述した事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、臓器の圧排による処置空間の確保と煙霧の排出とを同時に行うことができる圧排装置およびロボットシステムを提供することを目的とする。
 上記目的を達成するため、本発明は以下の手段を提供する。
 本発明の第1の態様は、生体の体腔内に挿入可能な細長い挿入部と、該挿入部の先端に設けられ、前記体腔内の臓器の表面に接触して配置される圧排面と、吸引口が開口する吸引面とを備える圧排部と、前記吸引口を先端に有し、前記挿入部の基端側まで延びる吸引通路と、前記挿入部の基端側に配置され、前記吸引通路内を吸引する吸引部とを備え、前記圧排面および前記吸引面が、互いに異なる方向に面している圧排装置である。
 本発明の第1の態様によれば、挿入部を体腔内に挿入して圧排部を処置部位の近傍に配置し、該処置部位の周囲の臓器に圧排部の圧排面を接触させ、圧排部で臓器を押圧して該臓器を処置部位から退かすことにより、処置部位の周囲に該処置部位を観察および処置するための処置空間を確保することができる。
 この場合に、圧排面を臓器に接触させた状態において、圧排面とは異なる方向に面した吸引面は、当該臓器と接触することなく処置空間に露出している。したがって、臓器を圧排して処置空間を確保しながらも、吸引通路内を吸引部で吸引することによって、処置空間の煙霧を吸引口および吸引通路を介して生体外に排出することができる。
 上記第1の態様においては、前記体腔内の煙霧を検知する煙霧検知部と、該煙霧検知部によって煙霧が検知されたときに前記吸引部によって吸引させる吸引制御部とを備えていてもよい。
 このようにすることで、体腔内に発生した煙霧を煙霧検知部によって自動で検知し、体腔内の排気を吸引制御部によって自動で実行することができる。
 上記第1の態様においては、前記煙霧検知部は、前記体腔内を撮影する内視鏡から内視鏡画像を受信し、該内視鏡画像の輝度値に基づいて煙霧を検知してもよい。
 このようにすることで、体腔内に煙霧が発生すると内視鏡の画像の輝度値が上昇するので、内視鏡の画像の輝度値に基づいて煙霧の発生を簡単に検知することができる。
 上記第1の態様においては、前記煙霧検知部は、前記体腔内に挿入されたエネルギ処置具の作動に基づいて煙霧を検知してもよい。
 このようにすることで、煙霧の発生の原因となるエネルギ処置具が作動を開始して煙霧が発生し得る状況になったときに、煙霧が検知されて腹腔内の排気が行われるので、エネルギ処置具による組織の処置に伴って発生した煙霧を迅速に排出することができる。
 本発明の第2の態様は、上記いずれかに記載の圧排装置と、前記体腔内に挿入される医療器具と、前記生体の外部において、前記圧排装置および前記医療器具を各々保持する電動アームと、操作者によって操作される操作入力部と、該操作入力部に入力された操作に基づいて前記電動アームを作動させるアーム制御部とを備えるロボットシステムである。
 上記第2の態様においては、前記アーム制御部が、前記医療器具を保持している前記電動アームの位置および姿勢に基づき、前記圧排装置を保持している前記電動アームを制御してもよい。
 このようにすることで、体腔内で医療器具が移動したときに、この医療器具の移動に協調させて圧排部を移動させることができる。
 本発明によれば、臓器の圧排による処置空間の確保と煙霧の排出とを同時に行うことができるという効果を奏する。
本発明の第1の実施形態に係る圧排装置の全体構成図である。 図1の圧排装置の腹腔鏡下手術での使用方法を説明する図である。 本発明の第2の実施形態に係る圧排装置の全体構成図である。 本発明の第3の実施形態に係る圧排装置が備える圧排部の構成図である。 図4の圧排部を備える圧排装置の変形例を示す全体構成図である。 本発明の第4の実施形態に係る圧排装置が備える圧排部の、畳まれた状態を示す構成図である。 図6Aの圧排部の広がった状態を示す構成図である。 本発明の第5の実施形態に係る圧排装置の全体構成図である。 臓器を支持した図7の圧排部を示す図である。 本発明の第6の実施形態に係る圧排装置の全体構成図である。 臓器を支持した図9の圧排部を示す図である。 本発明の第7の実施形態に係るロボットシステムの全体構成図である。
(第1の実施形態)
 以下に、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る圧排装置10について図1および図2を参照して説明する。
 本実施形態に係る圧排装置10は、図1に示されるように、圧排具1と、吸引装置(吸引部)2とを備えている。図2は、圧排具1の使用方法を示す図である。本実施形態に係る圧排装置10は、腹腔鏡下手術において、腹腔A内を観察する内視鏡21と、電気メスや超音波処置具等のエネルギ処置具22と共に使用される。
 圧排具1は、腹腔(体腔)内に挿入可能な細長い挿入部3と、該挿入部3の先端に設けられた圧排部4と、挿入部3の基端に設けられた把持部5と、圧排部4、挿入部3および把持部5の内部を通って設けられた吸引通路7とを備えている。
 圧排部4は、挿入部3の先端から該挿入部3の長手方向に延びる矩形の薄板状の単一の圧排部材6を備えている。圧排部材6は、厚さ方向に対向する圧排面6Aと吸引面6Bとを有している。吸引面6Bには、複数の吸引口6bが開口している。
 把持部5は、吸引装置2の吸引動作をオンオフする、スイッチのような吸引操作部5aを備えている。吸引操作部5aは、術者によってオン状態に操作されると、吸引装置2にオン信号を送信する。
 吸引通路7は、挿入部3の長手方向に沿って形成され、吸引口6bと吸引装置2とを接続している。
 吸引装置2は、吸引操作部5aからオン信号を受信したときに、吸引通路7内を吸引する。
 次に、このように構成された圧排装置10の作用について説明する。
 まず、腹腔A内に挿入部3を挿入し、エネルギ処置具22による処置空間に位置する臓器Bの表面に圧排面6Aを接触させて圧排部4によって当該臓器Bを圧排する。すなわち、圧排部4によって臓器Bを押圧することによって、臓器Bを処置空間から退かす。これにより、エネルギ処置具22を操作するための処置空間を確保し、内視鏡21による処置空間の視野を確保する。エネルギ処置具22による組織の切開や止血等に伴って処置部位から煙霧が発生したときには、術者は、手元の吸引操作部5aを操作することによって、吸引装置2を作動させて吸引を開始する。吸引通路7内が吸引されると、処置空間に面している吸引面6Bの吸引口6b内へ煙霧が吸引され、処置空間から煙霧が除去される。
 このように、本実施形態によれば、圧排部4によって臓器Bを圧排した状態において、圧排面6Aとは反対方向に面している吸引面6Bは、煙霧が発生する処置部位の近傍において、臓器Bと接触することなく処置空間に対して露出されている。したがって、圧排部4によって臓器Bを圧排しながら、煙霧を吸引面6Bの吸引口6bから効率的に排出することができるという利点がある。また、圧排と排気とを単一の圧排具1を用いて同時に行うことが可能であるので、内視鏡21による処置空間の観察を絶えず行うことができるとともに、圧排と排気とで操作する器具を取り替える必要が無く、手術の効率を向上することができるという利点がある。
(第2の実施形態)
 次に、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る圧排装置20について図3を参照して説明する。
 本実施形態に係る圧排装置20は、図3に示されるように、腹腔A内の煙霧を検知する煙霧検知部8と、該煙霧検知部8によって煙霧が検知されたときに吸引装置2を作動させる吸引制御部9とをさらに備えている点において、第1の実施形態と異なっている。したがって、本実施形態においては、煙霧検知部8および吸引制御部9について主に説明し、第1の実施形態と共通する構成については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
 煙霧検知部8は、内視鏡21によって撮影された腹腔A内の内視鏡画像を処理する内視鏡システム100から内視鏡画像を受信し、受信した内視鏡画像を解析することによって煙霧の発生を検知する。具体的には、腹腔A内で煙霧が発生すると、内視鏡21の先端から出射される照明光が煙霧によって乱反射されることにより、内視鏡画像の輝度値が上昇する。したがって、煙霧検知部8は、受信した内視鏡画像の輝度値の平均値を逐次計算し、輝度値の平均値の時間変化率を計算し、時間変化率が所定の閾値以上であるときに、すなわち、輝度値の平均値の上昇率が大きいときに、煙霧を検知する。煙霧検知部8は、煙霧を検知したときに、煙霧検知信号を吸引制御部9へ送信する。
 吸引制御部9は、煙霧検知信号を受信したときに、吸引装置2を作動させる。
 このように構成された圧排装置20によれば、エネルギ処置具22による処置に伴って煙霧が発生したときに、煙霧によって内視鏡画像の輝度値が上昇する。この内視鏡画像の輝度値の上昇から煙霧検知部8によって煙霧の発生が検知され、吸引装置2による体腔内の排気が自動で行われる。
 このように、腹腔A内の煙霧の発生の検知と排気の実行とが、術者が吸引操作部5aを操作せずとも自動で実行されるので、術者の手間を省き、手術の効率をさらに向上することができるという利点がある。
 本実施形態においては、煙霧検知部8が、内視鏡画像の輝度値の上昇に基づいて煙霧の発生を検知することとしたが、これに代えて、またはこれに加えて、エネルギ処置具22の作動に基づいて煙霧の発生を検知してもよい。例えば、煙霧検知部8が、エネルギ処置具22から該エネルギ処置具22の作動状態を示す信号を取得し、エネルギ処置具22の作動開始を検出したときに、すなわち、エネルギ処置具22による組織の処置が開始して煙霧が発生する状況となったときに、煙霧の発生を検知する。
 このようにすることで、エネルギ処置具22が作動を開始するのと同時に吸引口6bから生体外へ排気が開始されるので、エネルギ処置具22による組織の切開や止血等に伴って発生した煙霧が迅速に体腔内から除去され、内視鏡21の視野が常に鮮明に維持される。これにより、排気のための術者の操作入力を省略することができ、手術の効率をさらに向上することができるという利点がある。
(第3の実施形態)
 次に、本発明の第3の実施形態に係る圧排装置30について図4および図5を参照して説明する。
 本実施形態に係る圧排装置30は、図4に示されるように、吸引面6Bに加えて圧排面6Aにも吸引口6aが形成されている点において、第1および第2の実施形態と異なっている。本実施形態においては、第1および第2の実施形態と共通する構成については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
 圧排装置30は、吸引通路7(以下、第1の吸引通路7という。)と並列に設けられ、圧排部4、挿入部3および把持部5の内部を通って圧排面6Aの吸引口6aと吸引装置2とを接続するもう1つの吸引通路72(以下、第2の吸引通路72という。)を備えている。
 吸引装置2は、吸引操作部5aとして、例えば、第1の吸引通路7に対応する第1のスイッチと、第2の吸引通路72に対応する第2のスイッチとを備え、吸引装置2の第1の吸引通路7内の吸引動作と第2の吸引通路72の吸引動作とを別々にオンオフ可能になっている。
 このように構成された圧排装置30によれば、臓器Bの表面に圧排面6Aを接触させた状態で、吸引操作部5aを操作して吸引装置2によって第2の吸引通路72内を吸引することにより、吸引口6a内への吸引力によって圧排面6Aが臓器Bの表面に固定される。
 このように、圧排面6Aにも吸引口6aを設けることによって、圧排面6Aを臓器Bの表面に強く固定することができ、臓器Bの圧排動作を安定的に行うことができるという利点がある。その他の効果については、第2の実施形態と同様であるので説明を省略する。
 本実施形態においては、圧排部材6のおもて面と裏面のうちいずれを圧排面6Aおよび吸引面6Bとして使用してもよい。この場合、吸引装置2は、図5に示されるように、各吸引通路7,72の吸引圧力を検出する吸引圧力検出部11を備え、該吸引圧力検出部11によって検出された吸引圧力に基づいて、おもて面と裏面とのうちいずれが圧排面6Aとして使用されているかが判断される。
 すなわち、圧排面6Aとして使用されている面の吸引口は臓器Bによって塞がれるため、吸引圧力が高くなる。吸引制御部9は、吸引装置2に両方の吸引通路7,72内を吸引させ、吸引開始から一定時間後の2つの吸引通路7,72の吸引圧力を比較する。そして、吸引制御部9は、吸引圧力が高い方の吸引通路7または72が接続されている面を圧排面6Aであると判断し、当該吸引通路7または72内の吸引を継続させる。また、吸引制御部9は、吸引圧力が低い方の吸引通路72または7が接続されている面を吸引面6Bであると判断して当該吸引通路72または7内の吸引を停止し、その後は、煙霧検知部8による煙霧の検知、または、吸引操作部5aの操作に基づいて当該吸引通路72または7を吸引させる。
 このように、圧排部材6のおもて面および裏面を、圧排面6Aおよび吸引面6Bのいずれとしても使用可能とすることによって、使い勝手を向上することができる。
 本実施形態においては、吸引によって圧排面6Aを臓器Bの表面に固定することとしたが、これに代えて、またはこれに加えて、他の固定手段を採用してもよい。例えば、圧排面6Aに吸盤が設けられていてもよく、または、圧排面6Aに臓器Bの表面との間の摩擦を高めるための凹凸加工が施されていてもよい。
(第4の実施形態)
 次に、本発明の第4の実施形態に係る圧排装置について図6Aおよび図6Bを参照して説明する。
 本実施形態に係る圧排装置は、図6Aおよび図6Bに示されるように、圧排部4の構造が第1から第3の実施形態と異なっている。したがって、本実施形態においては、圧排部4について主に説明し、第1から第3の実施形態と共通する構成については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
 本実施形態において、圧排部4は、第3の実施形態において説明した圧排部材6を複数(本例においては3個)備えている。複数の圧排部材6は、厚さ方向に積層され、基端部分が互いに、積層方向の回転軸回りに回転可能に連結されている。これにより、圧排部4は、図6Aに示されるように、圧排部材6が互いに重なり合って畳まれた状態と、図6Bに示されるように、圧排部材6が互いに回転方向にずれることによって扇状に広がった状態との間で、変形するようになっている。これらの圧排部材6の回転軸回りの回転動作は、把持部5に設けられた図示しない拡張操作部への入力に従って図示しないモータによって行われる。
 このように構成された圧排装置によれば、圧排部4を畳んだ状態で第1の実施形態と同様にして挿入部3を腹腔A内に挿入し、拡張操作部を操作することによって圧排部4を広げて臓器Bの表面に圧排面6Aを接触させ、臓器Bの表面を3個の圧排面6Aで支持する。
 このように、臓器Bの表面を支持する圧排面6Aの面積を拡大可能とすることにより、大きな臓器Bであっても広い圧排面6Aによって安定に支持しながら圧排することができるという利点がある。
(第5の実施形態)
 次に、本発明の第5の実施形態に係る圧排装置50について図7および図8を参照して説明する。
 本実施形態に係る圧排装置50は、図7に示されるように、圧排部材6が関節構造を有している点で、第1から第4の実施形態と異なっている。したがって、本実施形態においては、圧排具1について主に説明し、第1から第4の実施形態と共通する構成については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
 本実施形態において、圧排部材6は、指のような細長い形状を有し、その長手方向に配列する複数の関節を有している。各関節は、長手方向に交差する揺動軸回りに揺動可能に設けられている。圧排部材6は、各関節が揺動することによって長手方向の途中位置で屈曲し、直線形状から湾曲形状へ変形可能になっている。
 吸引口6aは、圧排部材6の円筒状の側面に、長手方向に一列に配列して設けられている。吸引口6bは、圧排部材6の側面の、吸引口6aとは周方向に180°異なる位置に、長手方向に一列に配列して設けられている。本実施形態において、圧排部材6の湾曲方向に応じて、圧排部材6のどの位置が圧排面6Aとなり、どの位置が吸引面6Bとなるかが異なる。すなわち、圧排部材6の湾曲形状の内側に位置する側面が圧排面6Aとなり、外側に位置する側面が吸引面6Bとなる。
 把持部5には、圧排部材6の変形を操作する、スイッチのような湾曲操作部(図示略)が設けられている。術者によって湾曲操作部がオン状態に操作されると、図示しないモータが作動して関節を駆動し、湾曲操作部がオフ状態に操作されると、その時点での位置に各関節が停止するようになっている。これにより、術者は、圧排部材6を任意の曲率の湾曲形状に変形することができるようになっている。
 このように構成された圧排装置50によれば、臓器Bの表面に接触させた直線形状の圧排部材6を、湾曲操作部を操作することによって、臓器Bの湾曲形状に沿うように湾曲させる。これにより、図8に示されるように、臓器Bを、該臓器Bの湾曲形状に沿って圧排面6Aで支持し、臓器Bをより優しく圧排することができるという利点がある。
(第6の実施形態)
 次に、本発明の第6の実施形態に係る圧排装置60について図9および図10を参照して説明する。
 本実施形態に係る圧排装置60は、第5の実施形態の変形例であって、図9に示されるように、互いに並列に設けられた複数(本例においては3個)の圧排部材6を備えている。したがって、本実施形態においては、圧排具1について主に説明し、第1から第5の実施形態と共通する構成については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
 3個の圧排部材6は、挿入部3の中心軸回りの周方向に等間隔に配置されている。湾曲操作部がオン状態に操作されると、3個の圧排部材6が前記中心軸に対して外側に凸の湾曲形状に湾曲することによって、圧排部4が径方向に拡張するようになっている。
 臓器Bの吸着のための吸引口6aは、各圧排部材6の側面の前記中心軸側に設けられている。煙霧の吸引のための吸引口6bは、各圧排部材6の側面の前記中心軸とは反対側に設けられている。
 このように構成された圧排装置60によれば、湾曲操作部を操作することにより、図10に示されるように、臓器Bの3次元の湾曲形状に圧排部材6が沿うように圧排部材6を湾曲させ、3個の圧排部材6によって該3個の圧排部材6の内側に臓器Bを3次元的に支持する。
 このように、臓器Bを、該臓器Bの湾曲した表面形状に沿って圧排面6Aで立体的に支持することによって、臓器Bをより優しくかつより安定して圧排することができるという利点がある。また、臓器Bをより強い力で圧排する場合にも安定した圧排が可能になるという利点がある。
(第7の実施形態)
 次に、本発明の第7の実施形態に係る圧排装置70について図11を参照して説明する。
 本実施形態に係る圧排装置70は、図11に示されるように、各々医療器具を保持する複数の電動アーム12,13,14を備え、該電動アーム12,13,14を遠隔操作することによって医療器具を体腔内で動かすロボットシステム200に適用される点で、第1から第6の実施形態と異なっている。したがって、本実施形態においては、ロボットシステム200の構成について主に説明し、第1から第6の実施形態と共通する構成については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。図11には、圧排装置70として、第6の実施形態において説明した圧排具1を備えたものが一例として示されているが、他の実施形態において説明した任意の圧排装置を採用してもよい。
 ロボットシステム200は、図11に示されるように、圧排具1、内視鏡(医療器具)21およびエネルギ処置具(医療器具)22と、圧排具1、内視鏡21およびエネルギ処置具22の各々の基端部分を体外において保持する多関節の電動アーム12,13,14と、術者(操作者)によって操作される操作入力部15と、操作入力部15に入力された操作に基づいて電動アーム12,13,14の関節を駆動制御するアーム制御部16とを備えている。
 術者によって操作入力部15に操作が入力されると、その操作に対応する信号がアーム制御部16へ送信され、アーム制御部16が、受信した信号に基づいて関節を駆動することによって電動アーム12,13,14が作動する。これにより、術者は、体腔内に挿入されている圧排具1、内視鏡21およびエネルギ処置具22を、操作入力部15を介して遠隔操作することができるようになっている。
 さらに、アーム制御部16は、電動アーム12,13,14に設けられた、各関節の回転角度を検出する図示しないエンコーダから検出値を受信し、受信したエンコーダの検出値に基づいて体腔内における圧排具1、内視鏡21およびエネルギ処置具22の位置および姿勢を計算する。そして、アーム制御部16は、算出した内視鏡21およびエネルギ処置具22の位置および姿勢に基づいて圧排具1を移動させるように、該圧排具1を保持している電動アーム12の関節を制御する。具体的には、アーム制御部16は、内視鏡21およびエネルギ処置具22が圧排具1へ接近して該圧排具1との間の距離が所定の閾値未満になったときに、圧排具1を内視鏡21またはエネルギ処置具22から遠ざける方向へ移動させるように、電動アーム12の関節を制御する。
 このように構成されたロボットシステム200によれば、腹腔A内の内視鏡21およびエネルギ処置具22を操作して処置を行っている最中にエネルギ処置具22が圧排具1に近づくと、圧排具1がエネルギ処置具22から遠ざかるように自動的に移動することによってエネルギ処置具22の近傍に位置していた臓器Bがさらに圧排され、エネルギ処置具22の処置空間が新たに確保される。同様に、内視鏡21が圧排具1に近づくと、圧排具1が内視鏡21から遠ざかるように自動的に移動して内視鏡21の視野が確保される。このように、圧排具1と同時に使用される他の医療器具の動作と協調するように圧排具1を移動させることによって、手術のさらなる効率化を図ることができるという利点がある。
10,20,30,50,60,70 圧排装置
1 圧排具
2 吸引装置(吸引部)
3 挿入部
4 圧排部
5 把持部
5a 吸引操作部
6 圧排部材
6A 圧排面
6B 吸引面
6a,6b 吸引口
7 吸引通路
8 煙霧検知部
9 吸引制御部
11 吸引圧力検出部
12,13,14 電動アーム
15 操作入力部
16 アーム制御部
21 内視鏡(医療器具)
22 エネルギ処置具(医療器具)
100 内視鏡システム
200 ロボットシステム
A 腹腔(体腔)
B 臓器

Claims (6)

  1.  生体の体腔内に挿入可能な細長い挿入部と、
     該挿入部の先端に設けられ、前記体腔内の臓器の表面に接触して配置される圧排面と、吸引口が開口する吸引面とを備える圧排部と、
     前記吸引口を先端に有し、前記挿入部の基端側まで延びる吸引通路と、
     前記挿入部の基端側に配置され、前記吸引通路内を吸引する吸引部とを備え、
     前記圧排面および前記吸引面が、互いに異なる方向に面している圧排装置。
  2.  前記体腔内の煙霧を検知する煙霧検知部と、
     該煙霧検知部によって煙霧が検知されたときに前記吸引部によって吸引させる吸引制御部とを備える請求項1に記載の圧排装置。
  3.  前記煙霧検知部は、前記体腔内を撮影する内視鏡から内視鏡画像を受信し、該内視鏡画像の輝度値に基づいて煙霧を検知する請求項2に記載の圧排装置。
  4.  前記煙霧検知部は、前記体腔内に挿入されたエネルギ処置具の作動に基づいて煙霧を検知する請求項2または請求項3に記載の圧排装置。
  5.  請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の圧排装置と、
     前記体腔内に挿入される医療器具と、
     前記生体の外部において、前記圧排装置および前記医療器具を各々保持する電動アームと、
     操作者によって操作される操作入力部と、
     該操作入力部に入力された操作に基づいて前記電動アームを作動させるアーム制御部とを備えるロボットシステム。
  6.  前記アーム制御部が、前記医療器具を保持している前記電動アームの位置および姿勢に基づき、前記圧排装置を保持している前記電動アームを制御する請求項5に記載のロボットシステム。
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