WO2015127836A1 - 一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉 - Google Patents

一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉 Download PDF

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WO2015127836A1
WO2015127836A1 PCT/CN2015/070971 CN2015070971W WO2015127836A1 WO 2015127836 A1 WO2015127836 A1 WO 2015127836A1 CN 2015070971 W CN2015070971 W CN 2015070971W WO 2015127836 A1 WO2015127836 A1 WO 2015127836A1
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combustion chamber
superheater
low temperature
chamber
fluidized bed
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PCT/CN2015/070971
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English (en)
French (fr)
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康建斌
胡峰
李俊臣
王谦
胡彦霞
徐进廷
张哲�
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北京热华能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2015127836A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015127836A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K5/00—Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type
    • F01K5/02—Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type used in regenerative installation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed combustion device, in particular to a horizontal circulating fluidized bed steam boiler for producing superheated steam, which belongs to the combustion of inferior coal, solid waste, urban and industrial sludge, biomass and other inferior fuels.
  • steam generating equipment especially suitable for steam utilization systems such as industrial heating and small power generation for burning inferior fuels.
  • boilers that use low-grade fuels such as inferior coal, solid waste, sludge, biomass, etc. to produce hot water and steam mainly include chain furnaces, water-cooled vibrating grate boilers, and circulating fluidized bed boilers, depending on the fuel. Different furnace types are selected for different characteristics, and different furnace types have their own characteristics. Hot water boilers are mainly used for urban heating, and steam boilers are mainly used for industrial heating and steam power generation.
  • Circulating fluidized bed boiler is a highly efficient and clean boiler technology developed in recent years. It has wide fuel adaptability and can be burned with high quality coal, inferior coal, solid waste, biomass and other fuels. Because of its high combustion efficiency, it can simultaneously carry out pollution control operations such as desulfurization and denitrification in the furnace, and has the advantages of low NOx and SOx emissions. Therefore, it has been rapidly developed in the power market and is developing in the direction of large-scale, 600MWe circulating flow. The chemical bed boiler has been put into commercial operation. In the power industry, the use of fuels such as inferior coal, solid waste, and biomass is likely to cause power generation downtime accidents. Therefore, the direct combustion applications of these fuels are limited, and they are actually adapted to higher quality fuels.
  • the Chinese patent document CN200510126362.6 discloses a horizontal circulating fluidized bed combustion apparatus and a cyclic combustion method thereof, which adopts an external vertical cyclone separator and adopts a conventional
  • the furnace of the vertical boiler is divided into three parts: the main combustion chamber, the auxiliary combustion chamber and the burnout chamber, thereby effectively reducing the height of the furnace.
  • Chinese patent document CN201010110352.4 discloses a multi-process circulating fluidized bed boiler comprising a main combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber and a burnout chamber, and a blanking passage is left between the bottom surface of the burnout chamber and the bottom surface of the secondary combustion chamber.
  • a loose hood is arranged on the bottom of the burnout chamber to ensure smooth separation and transportation of materials.
  • these types of boilers are often used to produce hot water or saturated steam, and thus cannot be applied to industrial heating or steam power generation systems that require higher levels of temperature and pressure.
  • the present invention provides a horizontal circulating fluidized bed superheated steam boiler, which has a compact structure and fluidized combustion on the one hand, and high-quality superheated steam with high temperature and high pressure on the other hand.
  • a horizontal circulating fluidized bed superheated steam boiler comprising a main combustion chamber consisting of a dense phase zone of a main combustion chamber and a dilute phase zone of a main combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a burnout chamber, a drum, a soda water outlet pipe, and a saturation a steam take-off pipe, a separator and a tail flue, a wind deflecting plate is arranged in a lower part of the main combustion chamber, a first water-cooling wall partition wall is arranged between the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber, and a section between the auxiliary combustion chamber and the burn-out chamber is provided
  • the second water cold wall partition has a V-shaped ash hopper at the bottom of the auxiliary combustion chamber and the burnout chamber; the separator is connected to the burnout chamber through the connecting passage, and the separator can be arranged one or two according to the size of the boiler;
  • the channel is connected to the returning device; the returning device is respectively connected with the returning port and the bottom of the V-shaped
  • the horizontal circulating fluidized bed superheated steam boiler arranges a multi-screen high-temperature radiation superheater in a dilute phase region of a main combustion chamber, and a low-temperature convection superheater in a secondary combustion chamber; the low-temperature convection superheater passes through a saturated steam extraction pipe and The drum is connected; the high temperature radiation superheater is connected to the low temperature convection superheater through the steam communication pipe; the water spray desuperheater is arranged on the steam communication pipe; the high temperature radiation superheater of each screen is composed of the inlet header box, the outlet header box and the superheater tube;
  • the low temperature convection superheater consists of an upper header, a lower header and a serpentine tube.
  • the technical feature of the present invention is further that: the distance S1 between the tube screens in the multi-screen high-temperature radiation superheater is 0.6-2.0 m; the distance S1 is 0.6-2.0 m; the pitch between the superheater tubes S2 and the tube
  • the ratio of the diameter D1 is 1.25 to 1.50.
  • the upper part of the low-temperature convection superheater is arranged in a stepped manner, and is inclined downward from the first water-cooling wall partition wall 8 toward the second water-cooling wall partition wall 28; the transverse pitch S3 between the serpentine tubes is 60 ⁇ 150mm, longitudinal pitch S4 is 50 ⁇ 120mm.
  • the invention has the following advantages and outstanding effects: 1 Compared with the conventional horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler, high temperature and high pressure steam can be produced. Thanks to the water spray desuperheater, the superheater outlet steam temperature can be precisely controlled. 2 The high temperature radiant superheater in the main combustion chamber and the low temperature convection superheater in the sub-combustion chamber are arranged in series, making full use of the opposite characteristics of the radiant superheater and the convective superheater outlet steam temperature with load change, the steam temperature regulation characteristics are good, and it is easy to control temperature.
  • the invention is based on a conventional horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler, and a unique superheater system is arranged.
  • the invention not only inherits the fuel adaptability of the horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler, but also has the advantages of high fuel adaptability, desulfurization and denitration in the furnace, and high temperature and high pressure steam in the "pot" aspect.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for applications requiring high quality steam utilization.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure principle of a horizontal circulating fluidized bed superheated steam boiler provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a boiler steam water system.
  • 3a and 3b are schematic views of a stepped arrangement of a low temperature convection superheater tube bundle.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a high temperature radiation superheater tube screen.
  • Figure 5 is a top plan view of a horizontal circulating fluidized bed superheated steam boiler in which a separator is disposed.
  • Figure 6 is a top plan view of a horizontal circulating fluidized bed superheated steam boiler in which two separators are arranged.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a horizontal circulating fluidized bed superheated steam boiler provided by the present invention, which comprises a main combustion chamber consisting of a dense phase zone 2 of the main combustion chamber and a rare phase zone 7 of the main combustion chamber, and a secondary combustion.
  • a chamber 14, a burnout chamber 15, a drum 13, a soda water outlet pipe 10, a saturated steam take-off pipe 12, a separator 17 and a tail flue 19, and a wind deflecting plate 1 a main combustion chamber and a sub-combustion are arranged in a lower portion of the main combustion chamber.
  • first water wall partition 8 between the chambers 14, a second water wall partition 28 between the sub-chamber 14 and the burnout chamber 15, and a V-shaped hopper 26 at the bottom of the sub-chamber 14 and the burn-out chamber 15.
  • the separator 17 is connected to the burnout chamber 15 through the connecting passage 16, and one or two can be arranged; the lower portion of the separator 17 is connected to the return feeder 25 through the return passage 27; the return feeder 25 and the return port 24 and V, respectively
  • the bottom of the ash hopper 26 is connected; a low temperature economizer 21, a high temperature economizer 20 and an air preheater 22 are arranged in the tail flue 19, and the low temperature economizer 21 and the high temperature economizer 22 are connected in series.
  • a multi-screen high temperature radiant superheater 6 is disposed in the main combustion chamber lean phase zone 7, and a low temperature convection superheater 30 is disposed in the secondary combustion chamber 14.
  • the low temperature convection superheater 30 is connected to the drum 13 through a saturated steam outlet pipe 12; the high temperature radiation superheater 6 is connected to the low temperature convection superheater 30 through a steam communication pipe 5; and the water spray desuperheater 4 is disposed on the steam communication pipe 5.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a steam circulating water system of a horizontal circulating fluidized bed superheated steam boiler according to the present invention.
  • the boiler feed water is sequentially introduced into the drum 13 through the low temperature economizer 21 and the high temperature economizer 20, and then distributed to the main combustion chamber by the downcomer 9.
  • the boiler feed water absorbs heat in the water wall to form a steam-water mixture, and the steam-water mixture is led to the drum 13 by the steam-water outlet pipe 10.
  • the steam-water mixture passes through the steam-water separation device inside the drum, and the hot water portion is further sent to the downcomer 9 to participate in the circulation, and the saturated steam portion is then led to the low-temperature convection superheater 30 by the saturated steam extracting pipe 12 to continue to absorb heat and reach overheating. State, forming superheated steam.
  • the superheated steam is then led by the steam communication pipe 5 to the high temperature radiant superheater 6 to continue to absorb heat until the design parameters are reached, and the boiler is taken out from the superheated steam outlet 11.
  • the superheater desuperheating water is taken from the boiler feed water, and is led to the water spray desuperheater 4 via the desuperheating water pipe 32.
  • the superheated steam achieves the purpose of superheated steam cooling by mixing with the desuperheated water in the water spray desuperheater 4.
  • a water spray desuperheating regulating valve 31 is disposed on the desuperheating water pipe 32, and the amount of desuperheating water entering the water sprinkler 4 is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the water spray desuperheating regulating valve 31, thereby realizing temperature adjustment and control. .
  • the low temperature convection superheater 30 is composed of an upper header 33, a lower header 35 and a serpentine tube 34; the upper part of the low temperature convection superheater is arranged in a stepped manner, from The water-cooling wall partition wall 8 is arranged in a stepped downward direction toward the second water-cooling wall partition wall 28; the horizontal pitch S3 between the serpentine tubes 34 is 60-150 mm, and the longitudinal pitch S4 is 50-120 mm.
  • the low temperature convection superheater welcomes the flow direction of the flue gas, and the step is inclined to facilitate the secondary combustion.
  • the high concentration material in the chamber 14 near the burnout chamber 15 flows smoothly (the concentration of the material near the burnout chamber is high due to the centrifugal action of the particles flowing through the inverted U-shaped passage between the main combustion chamber and the burnout chamber).
  • each of the high temperature radiant superheaters 6 is composed of an inlet header 36, an outlet header 37 and a superheater tube 38.
  • Each boiler can be arranged with multiple screens according to requirements. In this example, 3 screens are arranged, and the distance S1 between the tube screens is 0.6-2.0 m; the ratio of the pitch S2 of the superheater tubes 38 to the tube diameter D1 is 1.25 to 1.50. .
  • Figures 5 and 6 show schematic views of the embodiment of a horizontal circulating fluidized bed superheated steam boiler with one and two separators, respectively.
  • a separator should be arranged; when the boiler evaporation is 10 ⁇ 20t/h, it is better to arrange one or two separators according to the actual situation; when the boiler evaporation is greater than 20t/ When h, it is advisable to arrange two separators.
  • the fuel is fed from the fuel feeding device 3, and the air supporting the combustion is sent from the air distribution plate 1 through the air preheater 22, and the fuel is sequentially in the dense phase region of the main combustion chamber 2, the dilute phase region of the main combustion chamber 7, and the secondary combustion.
  • the chamber 14 and the burnout chamber 15 are combusted, and the flue gas carrying the particulate matter generated by the combustion is separated by the separator 17, and the flue gas enters the tail flue 19 through the separator and the horizontal flue 18, and sequentially flows through the high-temperature economizer 20,
  • the low temperature economizer 21 and the air preheater 22 exit the boiler via the flue gas outlet 23.
  • the particulate material circulation can circulate and burn unburned carbon particles to improve the combustion efficiency.
  • the concentration of the particulate material in the main combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber can be increased, and the higher material concentration is beneficial to improve the arrangement in the main combustion chamber.
  • the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas in the sub-combustion chamber superheater can be increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉，包括主燃室、副燃室（14）、燃尽室（15）、分离器（17）和尾部烟道（19），在主燃室和副燃室（14）内分别布置有高温辐射过热器（6）和低温对流过热器（30），两级过热器之间布置有喷水减温器（4），低温对流过热器（30）迎烟气来流方向，管束呈阶梯状倾斜布置，有利于物料的流通，减少积灰，所述蒸汽锅炉是一种清洁燃烧、结构紧凑、使用寿命长的高效过热蒸汽生产设备。

Description

一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉 技术领域
本发明涉及一种循环流化床燃烧设备，尤其涉及一种生产过热蒸汽的卧式循环流化床蒸汽锅炉，属于劣质煤、固体废弃物、城市和工业污泥、生物质等劣质燃料的燃烧和蒸汽发生设备，特别适合于燃劣质燃料的工业加热和小型发电等蒸汽利用***。
背景技术
目前，燃用劣质煤、固体废弃物、污泥、生物质等低品位燃料生产热水、蒸汽的锅炉主要有链条炉、水冷振动炉排锅炉和循环流化床锅炉等，可根据燃料的不同特性选择不同的炉型，不同的炉型具有各自的特点。热水锅炉主要应用于城市供暖，蒸汽锅炉主要用于工业加热、蒸汽发电等。
循环流化床锅炉是近年来发展起来的高效清洁的锅炉技术，燃料适应性广，可燃用优质煤、劣质煤、固体废弃物、生物质等燃料。由于其燃烧效率高，能同时进行炉内脱硫、脱硝等污染控制操作，具有低NOx和SOx排放等优点，因而目前在电力市场得到了迅速的发展，正在向大型化方向发展，600MWe的循环流化床锅炉已投入商业运行。在电力行业，由于劣质煤、固体废弃物、生物质等燃料的使用容易导致发电停机事故，因而这些燃料的直接燃烧应用受到了一定限制，实际多适应品质较高的燃料。与之相反，在工业锅炉和自备小型电厂等领域，由于锅炉的蒸发量小、运行灵活、检修方便、蒸汽***采用母管制、备用灵活，因而劣质煤、固体废弃物、生物质等燃料等日益受到青睐。传统立式、单级循环流化床锅炉存在炉身高，锅炉岛体积庞大等缺点，对厂房建设要求较高。同时锅炉岛的支撑钢架以及锅炉岛本体的钢耗较大，使得项目造价和初投资较高。针对立式循环流化床锅炉在工业锅炉领域的缺陷，中国专利文献CN200510126362.6公布了一种卧式循环流化床燃烧设备及其循环燃烧方法，采用外置立式旋风分离器、将传统立式锅炉的炉膛分为主燃室、副燃室和燃尽室三个部分，从而有效降低了炉膛高度。中国专利文献CN201010110352.4公布了一种多流程循环流化床锅炉，包括主燃室、副燃室和燃尽室，燃尽室的底面与副燃室的底面之间留有落料通道，燃尽室底面设置松动风帽，保证物料的顺利分离和输送。但是，这些类型锅炉多用于生产热水或者饱和蒸汽，因而无法适用于对温度和压力要求更高层次的工业加热或者蒸汽发电***。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足和缺陷，本发明提出一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉，一方面结构布置紧凑、流态化燃烧，另一方面可生产高温、高压的高品质过热蒸汽。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉，它包括由主燃室密相区和主燃室稀相区组成的主燃室、副燃室、燃尽室、锅筒、汽水引出管、饱和蒸汽引出管、分离器和尾部烟道，在主燃室下部布置有布风板，主燃室和副燃室之间有第一水冷壁隔墙，副燃室和燃尽室之间有第二水冷壁隔墙，在副燃室和燃尽室底部有V形灰斗；分离器通过连接通道与燃尽室相连，分离器可根据锅炉大小布置一个或者两个；分离器下部通过回料通道与回料器相连；回料器分别与返料口和V形灰斗底部相连；尾部烟道内布置有低温省煤器、高温省煤器和空气预热器，低温省煤器和高温省煤器串联连接。所述的一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉在主燃室稀相区内布置多屏高温辐射过热器，在副燃室内布置低温对流过热器；低温对流过热器通过饱和蒸汽引出管与锅筒相连；高温辐射过热器通过蒸汽联络管与低温对流过热器相连；蒸汽联络管上布置喷水减温器；每屏高温辐射过热器由进口联箱、出口联箱和过热器管组成；低温对流过热器由上联箱、下联箱和蛇形管组成。
本发明的技术特征还在于：所述多屏高温辐射过热器中管屏之间的距离S1为0.6～2.0m；之间距离S1为0.6～2.0m；过热器管管间节距S2与管径D1之比为1.25～1.50。所述的低温对流过热器的上部呈阶梯状布置，从第一水冷壁隔墙8向第二水冷壁隔墙28方向呈阶梯状向下倾斜布置；蛇形管间横向节距S3为60～150mm，纵向节距S4为50～120mm。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点及突出性效果：①与传统卧式循环流化床锅炉相比，可生产高温高压蒸汽。由于设置了喷水减温器，可以精确控制过热器出口蒸汽温度。②主燃室内的高温辐射过热器和副燃室内的低温对流过热器串联布置，充分利用辐射式过热器、对流式过热器出口汽温随负荷变化的相反特性，汽温调节特性好，便于控温。③副燃室内卧式、阶梯布置的对流过热器，充分适应管外的气固流动，有利于物料的平衡流通和传热均衡。本发明在传统卧式循环流化床锅炉的基础上，布置了独特的过热器***。本发明在“炉”方面，不但继承了卧式循环流化床锅炉的燃料适应性广、且燃烧效率高，炉内脱硫、脱硝的优点，而且在“锅”方面，可生产高温高压蒸汽。本发明特别适用于需要高品质蒸汽利用的场合。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供的一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉的结构原理示意图。
图2为锅炉汽水***示意图。
图3a、图3b为阶梯布置的低温对流过热器管束示意图。
图4为高温辐射过热器管屏示意图。
图5为布置一个分离器的卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉的俯视图。
图6为布置两个分离器的卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉俯视图的。
图中：1－布风板；2－主燃室密相区；3－燃料给进装置；4－喷水减温器；5－蒸汽联络管；6－高温辐射过热器；7－主燃室稀相区；8－第一水冷壁隔墙；9－下降管；10－汽水 引出管；11－过热蒸汽出口；12－饱和蒸汽引出管；13－锅筒；14－副燃室；15－燃尽室；16－连接通道；17－分离器；18－水平烟道；19－尾部烟道；20－高温省煤器；21－低温省煤器；22－空气预热器；23－烟气出口；24－返料口；25－回料器；26－V形灰斗；27－回料通道；28－第二水冷壁隔墙；29－后墙水冷壁；30－低温对流过热器；31－喷水减温调节阀；32－减温水管道；33－上联箱；34－蛇形管；35－下联箱；36－进口联箱；37－出口联箱；38－过热器管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式及工作过程作进一步的说明。
图1为本发明所提供的一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉的结构原理示意图，它包括由主燃室密相区2和主燃室稀相区7组成的主燃室、副燃室14、燃尽室15、锅筒13、汽水引出管10、饱和蒸汽引出管12、分离器17和尾部烟道19，在主燃室下部布置有布风板1，主燃室和副燃室14之间有第一水冷壁隔墙8，副燃室14和燃尽室15之间有第二水冷壁隔墙28，在副燃室14和燃尽室15底部有V形灰斗26；分离器17通过连接通道16与燃尽室15相连，可布置一个或者两个；分离器17下部通过回料通道27与回料器25相连；回料器25分别与返料口24和V形灰斗26底部相连；尾部烟道19内布置有低温省煤器21、高温省煤器20和空气预热器22，低温省煤器21和高温省煤器22串联连接。在主燃室稀相区7内布置多屏高温辐射过热器6，在副燃室14内布置低温对流过热器30。低温对流过热器30通过饱和蒸汽引出管12与锅筒13相连；高温辐射过热器6通过蒸汽联络管5与低温对流过热器30相连；蒸汽联络管5上布置喷水减温器4。
图2为本发明的卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉汽水***示意图，锅炉给水依次经低温省煤器21、高温省煤器20后进入锅筒13，再由下降管9分配给主燃室、副燃室14和燃尽室15内的水冷壁。锅炉给水在水冷壁内吸热后形成汽水混合物，汽水混合物再由汽水引出管10引至锅筒13。汽水混合物经过锅筒内部的汽水分离装置，热水部分被继续送入下降管9参与循环，而饱和蒸汽部分则再由饱和蒸汽引出管12引至低温对流过热器30内继续吸热并达到过热状态，形成过热蒸汽。过热蒸汽再由蒸汽联络管5引至高温辐射过热器6内继续吸热，直至达到设计参数后，由过热蒸汽出口11引出锅炉。过热器减温水引自锅炉给水，经由减温水管道32引至喷水减温器4。过热蒸汽通过与减温水在喷水减温器4中的混合达到过热蒸汽降温的目的。在减温水管道32上布置有喷水减温调节阀31，通过调节喷水减温调节阀31的开度来控制进入喷水减温器4中减温水的数量，从而实现温度的调节与控制。
图3a、图3b为阶梯布置的低温对流过热器管束示意图，低温对流过热器30由上联箱33、下联箱35和蛇形管34组成；低温对流过热器的上部呈阶梯状布置，从第一水冷壁隔墙8向第二水冷壁隔墙28方向呈阶梯状向下倾斜布置；蛇形管34间横向节距S3为60～150mm，纵向节距S4为50～120mm。低温对流过热器迎烟气来流方向，阶梯倾斜布置，有利于副燃 室14内靠近燃尽室15方向的高浓度物料顺利流过(由于颗粒流经主燃烧室和燃尽室之间的倒U型通道的离心作用，靠近燃尽室方向的物料浓度高)。
图4为高温辐射过热器管屏示意图，所述的每屏高温辐射过热器6由进口联箱36、出口联箱37和过热器管38组成。每台锅炉根据需要可布置多屏，在本例中布置了3屏，管屏之间距离S1为0.6～2.0m；过热器管38管间节距S2与管径D1之比为1.25～1.50。
图5和图6分别表示卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉布置一个和两个分离器的实施例的结构示意图。当锅炉蒸发量为3～10t/h时，宜布置一个分离器；当锅炉蒸发量为10～20t/h时，宜根据实际情况确定布置一个或者两个分离器；当锅炉蒸发量大于20t/h时，宜布置两个分离器。
本发明的工作过程如下：
燃料从燃料给进装置3送入,支持燃烧的空气经空气预热器22后从布风板1送入，燃料依次在主燃室密相区2、主燃室稀相区7、副燃室14和燃尽室15内燃烧，燃烧产生的携带颗粒物料的烟气通过分离器17分离，烟气通过分离器与水平烟道18进入尾部烟道19，依次流过高温省煤器20、低温省煤器21和空气预热器22，经烟气出口23离开锅炉。烟气中的颗粒物料流经副燃室14和燃尽室15之间的V形灰斗16时，由于惯性分离作用，一些颗粒物料被分离并沉积在V形灰斗中，没有分离下来的颗粒物料随着烟气继续流入分离器17，在分离器17内得到进一步分离。分离器17分离下来的颗粒物料沿着回料通道27流入回料器25，与从V形灰斗26流入到回料器25内颗粒物料汇合，全部物料最终通过回料器25经返料口24回送到主燃室密相区2，完成一次物料循环。通过颗粒物料循环一方面可循环燃烧未燃尽的碳颗粒，提高燃烧效率，另一方面还可以提高主燃室、副燃室的颗粒物料浓度，较高物料浓度有利于提高布置在主燃室和副燃室内过热器的烟气传热系数。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉，它包括由主燃室密相区(2)和主燃室稀相区(7)组成的主燃室、副燃室(14)、燃尽室(15)、锅筒(13)、汽水引出管(10)、饱和蒸汽引出管(12)、分离器(17)和尾部烟道(19)，在主燃室下部布置有布风板(1)，主燃室和副燃室(14)之间设有第一水冷壁隔墙(8)，在副燃室(14)和燃尽室(15)之间设有第二水冷壁隔墙(28)，在副燃室(14)和燃尽室(15)底部设有V形灰斗(26)；所述分离器(17)通过连接通道(16)与燃尽室(15)相连；分离器(17)布置一个或者两个；分离器(17)下部通过回料通道(27)与回料器(25)相连；回料器(25)分别与返料口(24)和V形灰斗(26)底部相连；尾部烟道(19)内布置有低温省煤器(21)、高温省煤器(20)和空气预热器(22)，低温省煤器(21)和高温省煤器(22)串联连接，其特征在于：在主燃室稀相区(7)内布置多屏高温辐射过热器(6)，在副燃室(14)内布置低温对流过热器(30)；低温对流过热器(30)通过饱和蒸汽引出管(12)与锅筒(13)相连；高温辐射过热器(6)通过蒸汽联络管(5)与低温对流过热器(30)相连；蒸汽联络管(5)上布置喷水减温器(4)；每屏高温辐射过热器(6)由进口联箱(36)、出口联箱(37)和过热器管(38)组成；低温对流过热器(30)由上联箱(33)、下联箱(35)和蛇形管(34)组成。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：所述多屏高温辐射过热器中管屏之间的距离S1为0.6～2.0m；过热器管(38)管间节距S2与管径D1之比为1.25～1.50。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的一种卧式循环流化床过热蒸汽锅炉，其特征在于：所述的低温对流过热器(30)的上部呈阶梯状布置，从第一水冷壁隔墙8向第二水冷壁隔墙28方向呈阶梯状向下倾斜布置；蛇形管(34)间横向节距S3为60～150mm，纵向节距S4为50～120mm。
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