WO2015114762A1 - 電気集塵装置、電気集塵装置の荷電制御プログラム、及び電気集塵装置の荷電制御方法 - Google Patents
電気集塵装置、電気集塵装置の荷電制御プログラム、及び電気集塵装置の荷電制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/09—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces at right angles to the gas stream
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
- B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/04—Ionising electrode being a wire
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, a charge control program for an electrostatic precipitator, and a method of charging an electrostatic precipitator.
- a power plant such as coal fired, an iron-making material process such as a sintering machine discharges an exhaust gas containing dust (particulate matter).
- an electric precipitator that collects (also referred to as "dust collection”) dust in the exhaust gas by electrostatic force is provided in a flue on the downstream side of the combustion equipment.
- the electrostatic precipitator applies a high voltage between the ground electrode, which is a dust collection electrode, and a charge unit made up of a discharge electrode, imparts a positive or negative charge to dust in the gas by corona discharge, To charge.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and suppresses the occurrence of reverse ionization, and also suppresses the decrease in dust collection performance due to the charge suspension of intermittent charge, and the electrostatic precipitator It is an object of the present invention to provide a charge control program of an apparatus and a charge control method of an electrostatic precipitator.
- the electrostatic precipitator of the present invention the charge control program of the electrostatic precipitator, and the charge control method of the electrostatic precipitator adopt the following means.
- An electrostatic precipitator is an electrostatic precipitator that collects an object to be collected contained in a gas by electrostatic force, and is disposed to face the flow direction of the gas.
- the first electrode and the second electrode so as to repeat a first electrode and a second electrode for forming an electric field for charging the object to be collected, and a charging time and a charging rest time.
- a power source for applying a potential difference therebetween, the power source being smaller than the current in the charging time in a second time zone after the first time zone has elapsed since the charging rest time started, and Output a current larger than the current in one hour.
- the electrostatic precipitator according to the present configuration collects an object to be collected contained in gas by electrostatic force.
- An object to be collected is, for example, soot contained in gas.
- a first electrode and a second electrode that form an electric field for charging the collection target are disposed to face each other along the gas flow direction.
- the object to be collected is removed from the gas by being collected on the electrode by electrostatic force.
- the power supply provides a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode so as to repeat the charging time and the charging rest time. That is, intermittent charging is performed to perform intermittent charging by alternately repeating charging time and charging rest time.
- the charge rest time is provided for the purpose of not generating reverse ionization.
- the power supply according to the present configuration generates a current smaller than the current in the charging time and larger than the current in the first time zone in the second time zone after the first time zone has elapsed since the start of the charging rest time. Output. That is, the charging rest time is divided into a first time zone and a second time zone, and the output of current is stopped in the first time zone.
- the second time zone a current smaller than the current in the charging time and larger than the current in the first time zone is output to the electrode.
- the output current in the second time zone is, in other words, a current that causes a potential difference below the threshold at which reverse ionization occurs between the electrodes. That is, in the second time zone, even during the charging rest time, a voltage for forming a weak electric field that does not cause reverse ionization is output from the power supply. Thereby, the fall of the dust collection performance in charge rest time is controlled. As described above, this configuration can suppress the occurrence of reverse ionization and can also suppress the decrease in the dust collection performance due to the intermittent charge charging suspension.
- the power supply raises the output current to become an output voltage less than or equal to the specified value.
- the second time zone is started.
- the slope of the output voltage drop after the start of the charging rest time becomes less than the specified value, it is determined that the voltage (potential difference) that does not generate reverse ionization is maintained, and the output voltage at this time is maintained. Output current from the power supply is controlled. Thereby, the value of the output voltage in the second time zone can be made appropriate.
- the reason for determining the voltage at which reverse ionization does not occur using the slope of the output voltage drop is that the magnitude of the voltage at which reverse ionization does not occur varies depending on the characteristics of the device, load, etc. Is difficult to determine in advance.
- the current be adjusted such that the power supply has a predetermined voltage value when the slope of the output voltage drop becomes smaller than the specified value.
- the output voltage in the second time zone can be made to have an appropriate magnitude more quickly.
- the operating frequency of the power supply is preferably medium frequency or higher.
- the power supply can output the appropriate voltage in the second time zone more quickly.
- a charge control program of an electrostatic precipitator according to a second aspect of the present invention is disposed opposite to a gas flow direction to form an electric field for charging the object to be collected contained in the gas. And a power source for applying a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode so as to repeat the first electrode and the second electrode, and the charge time and the charge rest time, Program for controlling an electrostatic precipitator for collecting the electrostatic charge by electrostatic force, wherein the computer is configured to output, from the power source, a predetermined current for charging the object to be collected during the charging time.
- a charge control method for an electrostatic precipitator is arranged opposite to a gas flow direction, and forms an electric field for charging the object to be collected contained in the gas.
- a power source for applying a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode so as to repeat the first electrode and the second electrode, and the charge time and the charge rest time, Method of electrostatic precipitating apparatus for collecting electrostatic charge by electrostatic force, wherein a predetermined current for charging the object to be collected is output from the power supply in the charging time, and the charging rest time is started Then, in the second time zone after the elapse of the first time zone, the power supply outputs a current smaller than the current in the charging time and larger than the current in the first time zone.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dry electrostatic precipitator according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the expansion schematic of the electric field formation part of the dry electrostatic precipitator which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the time change of the electric current command value in the conventional intermittent charge system, and an output voltage. It is a figure which shows the time change of the electric current command value in the intermittent charge system which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and an output voltage. It is a flow chart which shows a flow of processing which sets up a parameter concerning an embodiment of the present invention automatically. It is an enlarged view of the time change of the output voltage in the intermittent charge system which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dry electrostatic precipitator 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the dry electrostatic precipitator 10 includes two electric field forming parts 11a and 11b arranged in series in the flow direction of the gas.
- the combustion exhaust gas flows in from the left side of the dry electrostatic precipitator 10, passes through the electric field forming portions 11a and 11b, and is discharged from the right side.
- the objects to be collected also referred to as "collected dust in EP"
- two electric field forming parts are provided in FIG. 1, one or three or more electric field forming parts may be provided depending on the required performance of the dry electrostatic precipitator 10.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the electric field forming portion 11 of the dry electrostatic precipitator 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the earth electrode 20 and the application electrode 21 are disposed to face each other, and form an electric field (also referred to as "the collected dust layer in EP") for charging the collected dust in the EP. Dust collected in the EP is removed from the combustion exhaust gas by being collected on the electrode by electrostatic force.
- one ground electrode 20 and application electrode 21 are shown in FIG. 2, normally, a plurality of application electrodes 21 are alternately arranged with respect to one ground electrode 20.
- the application electrode 21 is connected to the high voltage power supply 26, and a voltage is applied.
- the dust collected in the EP collected in the EP collected dust layer 20A formed on the earth electrode 20 is beaten to the earth electrode 20 in a preset cycle, whereby the dust collected from the earth electrode 20 is generated. Peel off.
- the EP internal dust separated from the earth electrode 20 falls, is collected in the hoppers 12a and 12b, and is carried out.
- the collected dust layer 20A in EP is As a result, a so-called reverse ionization phenomenon may occur in the EP's collected dust layer 20A, resulting in a reduction in dust collection performance.
- the operating frequency of the high voltage power supply 26 is, for example, a switching power supply (SMPS) operating at a medium frequency (100 Hz) or higher, or a high frequency (10 kHz or higher).
- SMPS switching power supply
- the intermittent charging method according to the present embodiment can be performed with high accuracy in mSec units.
- the output voltage of the high voltage power supply 26 is measured by the voltage sensor 28.
- the power supply control device 30 controls the magnitude of the current to be output from the high voltage power supply 26.
- the power supply control device 30 also receives the value of the output voltage measured by the voltage sensor 28.
- the power supply control device 30 may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) or a random access memory (RAM). (Access Memory), digital I / O, analog I / O, computer readable recording medium, and the like.
- CPU central processing unit
- RAM random access memory
- a series of processes for realizing various functions are, for example, recorded in the form of a program on a recording medium etc.
- the CPU reads this program into a RAM etc. and executes information processing / calculation processing Thus, various functions are realized.
- the high voltage power supply 26 In the dry electrostatic precipitator 10, the high voltage power supply 26 generates a potential difference between the ground electrode 20 and the application electrode 21 so as to repeat the charging time and the charging rest time. That is, the power supply control device 30 controls the high voltage power supply 26 to perform intermittent charging in which charging is performed intermittently by alternately repeating charging time and charging rest time.
- the charging rest time is provided for the purpose of not generating reverse ionization, and the output current from the high voltage power supply 26 is stopped, or the output current is made smaller than the charging time.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a conventional intermittent charging method, and shows a time change (duty ratio) of a current command value from the power supply control device 30 and a time change of an output voltage from the high voltage power supply 26.
- the power supply control device 30 outputs a predetermined current command value for charging the collection target to the high voltage power supply 26 in the charging time T1.
- the high voltage power supply 26 outputs a current according to the current command value, and the output voltage increases.
- the current command value is a value proportional to the output current from the high voltage power supply 26.
- the power supply control device 30 outputs a current command value for stopping the output of the current to the high voltage power supply 26, and shifts to the charging rest time T2.
- To stop the output of current is to set the magnitude of the output current to approximately 0 (zero). This lowers the output voltage.
- the charge time T1 and the charge rest time T2 are set to predetermined fixed values, and in FIG. 3, as an example, the charge time T1 is set to 5 mSec, and the charge rest time T2 is set to 20 mSec.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the intermittent charging method according to the present embodiment, and shows the time change (duty ratio) of the current command value from the power supply control device 30 and the time change of the output voltage from the high voltage power supply 26.
- the charge rest time T2 according to the present embodiment is divided into a first time zone T2-1 and a second time zone T2-2.
- the power supply control device 30 outputs the current command value to the high voltage power supply 26 so as to stop the output of the current.
- the power supply control device 30 has a current smaller than the current in the charging time T1 and larger than the current in the first time zone T2-1. To output the current command value to the high voltage power supply 26.
- the output current in the second time period T2-2 is, in other words, a current that generates a potential difference less than the threshold at which reverse ionization occurs between the ground electrode 20 and the application electrode 21. That is, in the second time period T2-2 even in the charging rest time T2, a voltage for forming a weak electric field that does not cause reverse ionization is output from the high voltage power supply 26. Thereby, the fall of the dust collection performance in charge rest time T2 is controlled.
- the charging time T1 of 5 mSec, the first time slot T2-1 of 10 mSec, and the second time slot T2-2 of 10 mSec shown in FIG. 4 are an example.
- the first time zone T2-1 and the second time zone T2-2 are not fixed values, and fluctuate within the time interval of the charging rest time T2 as described in detail later.
- the current command value in the charging time T1 is called DCON (Duty Cycle during ON Time)
- DCBC Duty Cycle during Base Charging
- the ratio of DCON to DCBC shown in Equation 1 is called BCLR (Base Charging Level Ratio)
- BCLR Base Charging Level Ratio
- the period of the first time zone T2-1 of the charging rest time T2 is called OffD (Off time Duration)
- the period of the second time slot T2-2 of the charging rest time T2 is called BCD (Base Charging Duration).
- the ratio of OffD to BCD shown in Equation 2 is called a BCDR (Base Charging Duration Ratio), and the BCDR is, for example, in the range of 0 to 99%.
- FIG. 5 is an intermittent charge control program executed by the power supply control device 30 when performing intermittent charge, and current commands for the first time zone T2-1 and the second time zone T2-2 according to the present embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the process for setting a value automatically.
- the intermittent charge control program is stored in advance in a predetermined area of the power control device 30.
- the intermittent charge control program is started, for example, with the start of the operation of the exhaust gas processing device 1.
- a current command value for raising the output current to DCON is outputted to the high voltage power supply 26.
- step 102 it is determined whether or not the charging time T1 has ended, and in the case of a positive determination, the process proceeds to step 104. In the case of a negative determination, the current command value for setting the output current to DCON continues to be output to the high voltage power supply 26 until the charging time T1 ends.
- step 104 since the charge rest time T2 has been reached, a current command value for turning charge off, for example, a current command value for setting the output current to 0 mA, is output to the high voltage power supply 26. As a result, the output voltage from the high voltage power supply 26 is reduced.
- next step 106 it is determined whether or not the slope of the waveform of the output voltage from the high voltage power supply 26 (hereinafter referred to as "voltage waveform") has become less than a prescribed value. . In the case of a negative determination, the charge-off state is maintained.
- step 108 the output voltage Vbc is stored when the slope of the voltage waveform becomes less than or equal to a specified value.
- a current command value indicating DCBC is output to the high voltage power supply 26.
- a current command value indicating a predetermined DCBC is output to the high voltage power supply 26 as an initial value.
- the final value (previous optimum value) of DCBC in the previous control is read and output to the high voltage power supply 26.
- the high voltage power supply 26 outputs a current so as to be the initial value or the previous optimum value of DCBC indicated by the current command value.
- the second time period T2-2 of the charging rest time T2 is started.
- the first time zone T2-1 after the start of the charging rest time T2 is determined, and the second time zone T2-2 after the elapse of the first time zone T2-1.
- the current which is smaller than the current in the charging time T1 and larger than the current in the first time period T2-1 is determined and output from the high voltage power supply 26.
- step 112 it is determined whether the charging rest time T2 has ended, and in the case of a positive determination, the process moves to step 114. In the case of a negative determination, the state of the DCBC output is maintained.
- step 114 it is determined whether the voltage measured by the voltage sensor 28, that is, the current output voltage from the high voltage power supply 26 is higher than the voltage Vbc. If the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to step 116. If the determination is negative, the process proceeds to step 118.
- step 116 a current command value for reducing the size of DCBC is output to the high voltage power supply 26, and the process proceeds to step 120.
- step 118 a current command value for increasing the magnitude of DCBC is output to the high voltage power supply 26, and the process proceeds to step 120.
- step 120 with the end of the charge rest time T2, the final value of DCBC at the end of the charge rest time is stored as the optimum value, and the process returns to step 100 to start the charge time T1.
- the intermittent charge control program repeats the charging time T1, and the charging rest time T2 including the first time zone T2-1 and the second time zone T2-2.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the time change of the output voltage in the intermittent charging method according to the present embodiment.
- the slope A shown in FIG. 6 indicates a slope that exceeds the specified value, and the slope B indicates a slope that is less than or equal to the specified value.
- the output voltage having the slope B is indicated by Vbc. That is, when the slope of the output voltage drop after the start of the charging rest time T2 becomes less than the specified value, it is determined that the voltage (potential difference) that does not generate reverse ionization is maintained, and the output voltage Vbc at this time is maintained. Output current is controlled. As a result, the output voltage in the second time zone T2-2 can be set to an appropriate value that can charge the collection target without generating reverse ionization.
- the reason for determining the voltage at which reverse ionization does not occur using the slope of the output voltage drop is that the magnitude of voltage Vbc at which reverse ionization does not occur changes depending on the characteristics of dry electrostatic precipitator 10 and the condition such as load. This is because it is difficult to accurately determine the magnitude of the voltage Vbc.
- the prescribed value of the slope may be determined empirically or may be determined by simulation or the like. Further, in the dry electrostatic precipitator 10 having a small change in characteristics and conditions such as load, the voltage Vbc is determined in advance without determining the voltage Vbc from the slope of the output voltage drop, and the power control unit 30 stores the voltage Vbc. The output current may be adjusted to be the voltage Vbc.
- the high voltage power supply 26 outputs the current so as to become the initial value of the DCBC or the previous optimum value, and then less than the specified value.
- the current is adjusted to be the voltage Vbc at the time of
- the initial value of DCBC is preset to be an output voltage that approximates the voltage Vbc. Therefore, when shifting to the second time zone T2-2, a voltage approximating to the voltage Vbc is output from the high voltage power supply 26 without a time delay, and thereafter, it is controlled to become the voltage Vbc.
- the power supply can output the appropriate voltage at -2 earlier.
- the dry electrostatic precipitator 10 outputs, from the high voltage power supply 26, DCON, which is a current for charging the object to be collected, during the charging time T1. Then, the dry electrostatic precipitator 10 is smaller than DCON in the second time zone T2-2 after the elapse of the first time zone T2-1 after the start of the charging rest time T2, and the first time zone T2
- the high voltage power supply 26 outputs DCBC, which is a current larger than the current at ⁇ 1. Therefore, the dry electrostatic precipitator 10 according to the present embodiment can suppress the occurrence of reverse ionization and can suppress the decrease in the dust collection performance due to the charging suspension of intermittent charge.
- the present invention is applied to the dry electrostatic precipitator 10, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be applied to a wet electrostatic precipitator. .
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Abstract
Description
ここで、高抵抗ダストが堆積した集塵極と放電極との間でコロナ放電を発生させていると、ダスト層に絶縁破壊が生じる逆電離現象が発生しやすく、逆電離現象が発生すると、集塵性能が大幅に低下する。
そこで、電気集塵装置の荷電制御において、逆電離に伴う集塵性能の低下を抑制するために、荷電休止時間を設け、荷電時間と荷電休止時間とを交互に繰り返して間欠的な荷電を行う間欠荷電方式が採用されている(特許文献1~3)。
そこで、特許文献3には、荷電休止時間中にダストに必要最小限の低電流を流して集塵極と放電極との間に電界を形成することにより、高抵抗ダストの集塵性能を向上させることが開示されている。
また、電源によって、荷電時間と荷電休止時間とを繰り返すように、第1の電極及び第2の電極との間に電位差が与えられる。すなわち、荷電時間と荷電休止時間とを交互に繰り返して間欠的な荷電を行う間欠荷電が行われる。荷電休止時間は、逆電離を発生させないことを目的に設けられている。
そこで、本構成に係る電源は、荷電休止時間が開始してから第1時間帯経過後の第2時間帯に、荷電時間における電流よりも小さく、かつ第1時間帯における電流よりも大きな電流を出力する。すなわち、荷電休止時間は第1時間帯と第2時間帯に分けられ、第1時間帯では電源は電流の出力が停止される。一方、第2時間帯では、荷電時間における電流よりも小さく、かつ第1時間帯における電流よりも大きな電流が電極に出力される。第2時間帯での出力電流は、換言すると、逆電離が生じる閾値未満の電位差を電極間に生じさせる電流である。すなわち、荷電休止時間であっても第2時間帯では、逆電離を生じさせない弱い電界を形成するための電圧が電源から出力される。これにより、荷電休止時間における集塵性能の低下が抑制される。
以上のように、本構成は、逆電離の発生を抑制すると共に、間欠荷電の荷電休止による集塵性能の低下を抑制できる。
電界形成部11は、アース電極20と印加電極21とが対向して配置され、EP内捕集ダストを荷電するための電界(「EP内捕集ダスト層」ともいう。)を形成する。EP内捕集ダストは、静電気力によって電極に捕集されることで、燃焼排ガス中から除去される。図2では、1組のアース電極20及び印加電極21が図示されているが、通常は一つのアース電極20に対し複数の印加電極21が交互に配置されている。
そして、アース電極20に形成されたEP内捕集ダスト層20Aで捕集されたEP内捕集ダストは、予め設定されたサイクルでアース電極20へ槌打が行われることにより、アース電極20から剥離する。アース電極20から剥離したEP内捕集ダストは、落下してホッパ12a,12bに集められ、搬出される。なお、EP内捕集ダスト層20Aにおいて、集塵されたEP内捕集ダストの固有電気抵抗値が1011~1012Ω・cmを超えるような高抵抗の場合、EP内捕集ダスト層20Aの電圧が著しく高くなり、EP内捕集ダスト層20Aで絶縁破壊、いわゆる逆電離現象が発生し、集塵性能の低下が起こる場合がある。
電源制御装置30は、例えば、CPU(Central Processing Unit)、RAM(Random
Access Memory)、デジタルI/O、アナログI/O、及びコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体等から構成されている。そして、各種機能を実現するための一連の処理は、一例として、プログラムの形式で記録媒体等に記録されており、このプログラムをCPUがRAM等に読み出して、情報の加工・演算処理を実行することにより、各種機能が実現される。
電源制御装置30は、荷電時間T1において、捕集対象物を荷電させるための所定の電流指令値を高電圧電源26へ出力する。これにより、高電圧電源26は、電流指令値に応じた電流を出力し、出力電圧が増加する。なお、電流指令値は、高電圧電源26からの出力電流に比例する値である。
そして、荷電時間T1が経過すると、電源制御装置30は、電流の出力を停止させる電流指令値を高電圧電源26へ出力し、荷電休止時間T2に移行する。電流の出力を停止するとは、出力電流の大きさを略0(零)とすることである。これにより、出力電圧は低下する。
本実施形態に係る荷電休止時間T2は、第1時間帯T2-1と第2時間帯T2-2に分けられる。第1時間帯T2-1では電流の出力を停止するように、電源制御装置30が電流指令値を高電圧電源26へ出力する。そして、電源制御装置30は、第1時間帯T2-1経過後の第2時間帯T2-2に、荷電時間T1における電流よりも小さく、かつ第1時間帯T2-1における電流よりも大きな電流を出力するように電流指令値を高電圧電源26へ出力する。
第2時間帯T2-2での出力電流は、換言すると、逆電離が生じる閾値未満の電位差を、アース電極20と印加電極21との間に生じさせる電流である。すなわち、荷電休止時間T2であっても第2時間帯T2-2では、逆電離を生じさせない弱い電界を形成するための電圧が高電圧電源26から出力される。これにより、荷電休止時間T2における、集塵性能の低下が抑制される。
そして、数1に示されるDCONとDCBCとの比をBCLR(Base Charging Level Ratio)といい、BCLRは一例として0から50%の範囲である。
そして、数2に示されるOffDとBCDとの比をBCDR(Base Charging Duration Ratio)といい、BCDRは一例として0から99%の範囲である。
すなわち、出力電圧低下の傾きに基づいて、荷電休止時間T2が開始してからの第1時間帯T2-1が決定され、かつ第1時間帯T2-1経過後の第2時間帯T2-2において、荷電時間T1における電流よりも小さく、かつ第1時間帯T2-1における電流よりも大きな電流が決定され、高電圧電源26から出力される。
ステップ118では、DCBCの大きさを上昇させる電流指令値を高電圧電源26へ出力し、ステップ120へ移行する。
すなわち、荷電休止時間T2の開始後における出力電圧低下の傾きが規定値以下となった場合に、逆電離を発生させない電圧(電位差)となったと判定され、このときの出力電圧Vbcを維持するように出力電流が制御される。これにより、第2時間帯T2-2における出力電圧を、逆電離を発生させず、捕集対象部を荷電できる適正な値にできる。なお、出力電圧低下の傾きを用いて逆電離が発生しない電圧を決定する理由は、逆電離を発生させない電圧Vbcの大きさは乾式電気集塵装置10の特性や負荷等の状態によって変化するので、電圧Vbcの大きさを精度良く予め決定することが難しいためである。
また、特性や負荷等の状態の変化が小さい乾式電気集塵装置10では、出力電圧低下の傾きから電圧Vbcを決定せずに、予め電圧Vbcを決定し、電源制御装置30が電圧Vbcを記憶し、この電圧Vbcとなるように出力電流が調整されてもよい。
従って、第2時間帯T2-2に移行する場合、電圧Vbcに近似する電圧が高電圧電源26から時間遅れなく出力され、その後、電圧Vbcとなるように制御されるので、第2時間帯T2-2における適正な電圧をより早く電源が出力できる。
従って、本実施形態に係る乾式電気集塵装置10は、逆電離の発生を抑制すると共に、間欠荷電の荷電休止による集塵性能の低下を抑制できる。
20 アース電極
21 印加電極
26 高電圧電源
Claims (6)
- ガス中に含まれる捕集対象物を静電気力によって捕集する電気集塵装置であって、
前記ガスの流通方向に沿って対向して配置され、前記捕集対象物を荷電するための電界を形成する第1の電極及び第2の電極と、
荷電時間と荷電休止時間とを繰り返すように、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に電位差を与える電源とを備え、
前記電源は、前記荷電休止時間が開始してから第1時間帯経過後の第2時間帯に、前記荷電時間における電流よりも小さく、かつ前記第1時間帯における電流よりも大きな電流を出力する電気集塵装置。 - 前記電源は、前記荷電休止時間の開始後における出力電圧低下の傾きが規定値以下となった場合に、前記規定値以下となった出力電圧となるように出力電流を上昇させて前記第2時間帯を開始する請求項1記載の電気集塵装置。
- 前記電源は、出力電圧低下の傾きが前記規定値以下となった場合に予め定められた電圧値となるように電流を調整する請求項2記載の電気集塵装置。
- 前記電源の動作周波数は、中周波以上である請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項記載の電気集塵装置。
- ガスの流通方向に沿って対向して配置され、ガス中に含まれる前記捕集対象物を荷電するための電界を形成する第1の電極及び第2の電極、及び荷電時間と荷電休止時間とを繰り返すように、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に電位差を与える電源を備え、前記捕集対象物を静電気力によって捕集する電気集塵装置の荷電制御プログラムであって、
コンピュータを、
前記荷電時間において、前記捕集対象物を荷電させるための所定の電流を前記電源から出力させる第1出力手段と、
前記荷電休止時間が開始してからの第1時間帯を決定し、かつ該第1時間帯経過後の第2時間帯において、前記荷電時間における電流よりも小さく、かつ前記第1時間帯における電流よりも大きな電流を決定し、前記電源から出力させる第2出力手段と、
して機能させる荷電制御プログラム。 - ガスの流通方向に沿って対向して配置され、ガス中に含まれる前記捕集対象物を荷電するための電界を形成する第1の電極及び第2の電極、及び荷電時間と荷電休止時間とを繰り返すように、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に電位差を与える電源を備え、前記捕集対象物を静電気力によって捕集する電気集塵装置の荷電制御方法であって、
前記荷電時間において、前記捕集対象物を荷電させるための所定の電流を前記電源から出力し、
前記荷電休止時間が開始してから第1時間帯経過後の第2時間帯において、前記荷電時間における電流よりも小さく、かつ前記第1時間帯における電流よりも大きな電流を前記電源から出力する、
荷電制御方法。
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US15/113,652 US10328437B2 (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2014-01-29 | Electrostatic precipitator, charge control program for electrostatic precipitator, and charge control method for electrostatic precipitator |
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CN201480074265.4A CN105939785B (zh) | 2014-01-29 | 2014-01-29 | 电集尘装置、计算机可读取记录介质以及电集尘装置的带电控制方法 |
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