WO2015087568A1 - Poultry manure treatment method and poultry manure treatment system - Google Patents

Poultry manure treatment method and poultry manure treatment system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015087568A1
WO2015087568A1 PCT/JP2014/065468 JP2014065468W WO2015087568A1 WO 2015087568 A1 WO2015087568 A1 WO 2015087568A1 JP 2014065468 W JP2014065468 W JP 2014065468W WO 2015087568 A1 WO2015087568 A1 WO 2015087568A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
chicken manure
heat
chicken
gasification
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PCT/JP2014/065468
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
滋 北野
木村　修二
学 見澤
康治 安達
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株式会社ハイテム
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Publication of WO2015087568A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015087568A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/001—Heating arrangements using waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/12—Manure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a chicken dung treatment method and a chicken dung treatment system that perform energy conversion using chicken dung as an energy source.
  • a large amount of chicken manure is discharged daily from the poultry farm.
  • chicken manure has been used as a fertilizer, but when fermenting chicken manure with microorganisms to make a fertilizer, there is a problem that a large space is required and odor is generated.
  • the applicant has proposed and implemented an apparatus and system for efficiently drying chicken manure having a high moisture content by mixing raw feces and dry manure (see Patent Document 1). According to this, for example, in a facility adjacent to a chicken farm, the problem of odor can be reduced and chicken dung can be efficiently dried.
  • the chicken manure dried in this way is suitable as a fertilizer, but its use as a fertilizer is limited due to the balance between supply and demand.
  • the present invention uses chicken dung as an energy source, energy conversion without directly burning it, and chicken dung treatment method that can utilize chicken dung more effectively, and the chicken dung treatment method It is an object to provide a chicken manure treatment system to be used.
  • a method for treating chicken dung is as follows. "Drying process to dry chicken manure by waste heat, A gasification and carbonization process for pyrolyzing dried chicken manure to obtain pyrolysis gas and carbide; Cooling the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the gasification and carbonization step, separating the agglomerated components to obtain a vinegar and heavy oil, A gas-liquid contact step in which the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the cooling step is brought into contact with a liquid to collect a light oil; A power generation step of supplying the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the gas-liquid contact step to a heat engine, and driving the generator with the heat engine to generate power; And a heat recovery process for recovering the heat exhausted in the power generation process.
  • the chicken dung treatment method having the above-described configuration, a series of steps including a drying process, a gasification / carbonization process, a cooling process, a gas-liquid contact process, a power generation process, and a heat recovery process are performed.
  • a drying process a gasification / carbonization process
  • a cooling process a gas-liquid contact process
  • a power generation process a heat recovery process
  • chicken manure has a very high water content of 70 to 80% by mass compared to other biomass such as wood chips.
  • a large amount of energy is required, so if it is dried by the combustion heat of fossil fuel or the electric energy converted from this, the whole chicken dung treatment including all steps Profit is small on the energy balance, and in some cases, the energy balance may be negative.
  • the chicken waste is dried using “waste heat” in the “drying step”, it is possible to perform energy conversion with a large profit on the energy balance.
  • the heat recovered by the “heat recovery process” described later can be used.
  • the degree by which chicken dung is utilized as an energy resource can be raised more.
  • the air exhausted from the air conditioned chicken farm the heat of the exhaust from the air conditioning equipment for air conditioning the chicken farm interior, Waste heat from the poultry farm can be used.
  • the “gasification and carbonization process” is an “external heat method” in which chicken manure is indirectly heated and thermally decomposed in a reducing atmosphere, and thermal decomposition is started by indirect heating, etc., and then processed products (chicken manure, pyrolysis gas, chicken manure) Any of the “internal combustion system” in which a part of the carbonized carbon or the product of the process in which chicken manure is carbonized is combusted and thermal decomposition proceeds with the combustion heat, or a combination of the external heat system and the internal combustion system Can also be adopted.
  • any of a fixed bed type that does not move chicken manure during the gasification and carbonization process and a fluidized bed type that performs gasification and carbonization while moving and circulating the chicken manure can be employed.
  • any of an updraft type in which the pyrolysis gas flows from below to above and a downdraft type in which the pyrolysis gas flows from above to below can be adopted.
  • the pyrolysis gas and carbide obtained through the “gasification / carbonization process” the pyrolysis gas is sent to the next cooling process.
  • the carbide can be taken out of the system and used as a soil modifier, a fertilizer, a snow melting agent or the like. Since the carbonized chicken dung has less nitrogen than dried chicken dung, it is easy to use as a fertilizer with a good balance between nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, when fermented or dried chicken manure was used as a fertilizer, it was pointed out that resistant bacteria might grow in the fertilizer due to the effect of antibiotics given to the chicken. There is an advantage that there is no such fear.
  • the components with high boiling points of the pyrolysis gas components are aggregated.
  • Examples of the method for “separating” the vinegar liquid and the heavy oil from the agglomerated component include stationary separation, filtration separation, and centrifugation.
  • the vinegar separated from the agglomerated components is suitable as a nitrogen fertilizer because it has a higher nitrogen content than vinegar obtained from woody biomass (wood vinegar).
  • the heavy oil separated from the vinegar is mainly composed of tar and can be used for the same purpose as wood tar.
  • the liquid (oil) that has not been removed from the pyrolysis gas in the cooling process is collected in the liquid by bringing the pyrolysis gas into contact with the liquid.
  • the collected components can be separated from the original liquid by a separation process such as centrifugation, and a light oil having a viscosity lower than that of the heavy oil is obtained.
  • a pyrolysis gas having a high ratio of combustible gas such as H 2 or CO, in which tar content is almost completely removed in the previous process is supplied to the heat engine. Then, the heat energy generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas is converted into mechanical energy by the heat engine, and the generator is driven to generate power.
  • the heat engine for example, a gas engine, a gas turbine, or a Stirling engine can be used.
  • the chicken dung treatment method according to the present invention in addition to the above-described configuration, further includes a “second power generation step of mixing the light oil collected in the gas-liquid contact step with light oil and supplying the diesel engine to generate power, It can be included.
  • the light oil obtained from chicken dung as a raw material is a light oil obtained when other biomass such as wood chips and paper is treated in the same manner in addition to being a fuel itself. It was found that, unlike an oily substance, it easily mixes with light oil. Therefore, by mixing light oil obtained from chicken manure as a raw material with light oil as an auxiliary fuel, it is possible to supply power to a diesel engine to generate electricity, and a novel liquid fuel from chicken manure as a raw material, Can be provided.
  • the chicken manure treatment method according to the present invention includes, in addition to the above configuration, “a pretreatment step of adjusting the particle size of chicken manure after the drying step to 5 mm to 10 mm prior to the gasification / carbonization step”. It can be.
  • Dried chicken manure has a wider particle size distribution than other biomass.
  • the particle size of the chicken manure is smaller than 5 mm, the pyrolysis gas hardly passes between the chicken manure particles in the gasification and carbonization process, and the gas between the chicken manure particles having a large particle size is preferentially gasified.
  • the particle size of chicken manure was larger than 10 mm, heat was not easily conducted to the inside of the particles, and the thermal decomposition efficiency was poor.
  • the gasification and carbonization Prior to the gasification and carbonization step, the gasification and carbonization can proceed uniformly and efficiently by adjusting the particle size of chicken manure to 5 to 10 mm.
  • This “pretreatment step” includes a step of granulating chicken droppings having a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm, a step of granulating chicken droppings having a particle size of less than 5 mm, and a step of grinding chicken droppings having a particle size of more than 10 mm. can do.
  • the “chicken manure processing system” is: “Drying device having a plate-like body having a vent hole, and a fan that blows air having waste heat to the chicken manure placed on the plate-like body through the vent hole,” An inlet for feeding dried chicken manure and an outlet for discharging pyrolysis gas generated by the thermal decomposition of chicken manure are formed at the top, and a carry-out section for carrying out carbonized char from chicken manure is formed at the bottom
  • a gasification / carbonization apparatus having an external heating unit that heats a furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace from the outside, and an oxygen supply unit that supplies a gas containing oxygen to the pyrolysis furnace from below ,
  • a cooling device having a flow passage for circulating the pyrolysis gas that has passed through the gasification / carbonization device, and cooling the flow passage;
  • the chicken manure processing system of this configuration is a system for using the above chicken manure processing method. That is, according to this chicken manure processing system, by using the drying device, the gasification / carbonization device, the cooling device, the gas-liquid contact device, the power generation device, and the heat recovery device, the above process is performed, As an energy source, it can be converted into five energy resources: “carbonized”, “vinegar”, “oil (heavy oil, light oil)”, “electricity”, and “heat”.
  • the “gasification / carbonization apparatus” in the chicken manure treatment system has a configuration adopting a fixed-bed type updraft type among the methods described above that can be adopted in the gasification / carbonization process. While this method has an advantage of high thermal efficiency, it has a disadvantage that the pyrolysis gas easily accompanies the tar content. However, in this configuration, most of the tar content is removed from the pyrolysis gas by obtaining a heavy oil together with the vinegar in the cooling step performed using the cooling device. Therefore, it is not necessary to place importance on the above disadvantages, and chicken manure can be gasified and carbonized by taking advantage of a high heat exchange rate.
  • the “gasification / carbonization device” in the chicken manure treatment system has a configuration having an oxygen supply section that supplies a gas containing oxygen from below into the pyrolysis furnace, that is, the above-mentioned “internal combustion system” or “external heat system”.
  • This is a configuration in which pyrolysis is performed by a “method that uses an internal combustion method together”.
  • the thermal decomposition is performed only by the “external heat system”
  • the chicken manure is indirectly heated through the furnace wall of the thermal decomposition furnace, so that the thermal efficiency is poor.
  • the chicken manure filled near the center of the pyrolysis furnace is not sufficiently transmitted with heat, and the pyrolysis tends to be uneven.
  • the gasification / carbonization apparatus of this configuration it is possible to partially burn the processed material inside the pyrolysis furnace, so that the combustion heat directly propagates to the filling in the furnace, and the efficiency Thermal decomposition can proceed well and uniformly.
  • the “heat recovery device” is a means such as piping or blower for transferring the high-temperature exhaust discharged from the power generation device, and / or heat exchange by converting heat between the high-temperature exhaust and water into hot water. It can be set as the structure provided with a vessel.
  • the heat recovered in the form of high-temperature gas can be used as “waste heat” used to dry chicken manure in a drying apparatus.
  • the internal space of the drying device can be heated through piping that runs through the drying device, or used in poultry farms as water for washing eggs or poultry cages. can do.
  • the “chicken manure processing system” includes “the drying device has a tube disposed on the back surface of the plate-like body, and the heat recovery device is discharged from the power generation device. It has a hot water feeding device that collects at least a part of the heat to be heated as hot water and sends the collected hot water to the tube of the drying device.
  • the hot water recovered by the heat recovery device is supplied to a tube disposed on the back surface of the plate of the drying device. Hot water circulates in the tube and heats the plate-like body on which the chicken manure is placed and the space around the tube.
  • the heat of the hot water recovered by the heat recovery device is used for drying the chicken manure in the drying device, an energy cycle is formed in the chicken manure processing system of this configuration, and the chicken manure is utilized as an energy resource. The degree can be further increased.
  • chicken droppings is used as an energy source, and the chicken droppings can be used more effectively by converting the energy without directly burning, and the chicken droppings processing method is used.
  • a chicken manure processing system can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the structure of the flow of the chicken dung processing method which is one Embodiment of this invention, and a chicken dung processing system. It is a schematic block diagram of the drying apparatus which is one structure of the chicken dung processing system of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the gasification and carbonization apparatus which is one structure of the chicken manure processing system of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the gas-liquid contact apparatus which is one structure of the chicken dung processing system of FIG.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 a chicken dung processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention and a chicken dung processing system 1 using the chicken dung processing method will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the chicken dung treatment method of the present embodiment includes a drying step S1 for drying chicken dung with waste heat, a pretreatment step S2 for adjusting the particle size of the chicken dung after the drying step S1 to 5 mm to 10 mm, and pyrolyzing the dried chicken dung.
  • the gasification / carbonization step S3 for obtaining the pyrolysis gas and the carbide
  • the cooling step S4 for cooling the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the gasification / carbonization step S3 and separating the agglomerated components to obtain the vinegar and heavy oil.
  • the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the cooling process S4 is brought into contact with the liquid, and the gas-liquid contact process S5 that collects the light oil, and the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the gas-liquid contact process S5 is supplied to the heat engine 61.
  • 61 includes a power generation step S6 for driving the generator 62 to generate power, and a heat recovery step S7 for recovering the heat discharged in the power generation step S6.
  • the drying apparatus 10 illustrated in FIG. 2 is used in the drying step S1.
  • the drying apparatus 10 includes a drying chamber 11, a belt conveyor 12 that carries chicken dung into the drying chamber 11, and two plate-like bodies 21 that are horizontally spaced apart vertically below the belt conveyor 12, 22, a scraper 23 that moves between the two plate-like bodies 21 and 22, and a blower 13 that blows air having waste heat in a space below the two plate-like bodies 21 and 22.
  • the drying apparatus 10 includes a moving body 14 that is supported by the inner wall of the drying chamber 11 and moves in the horizontal direction, a weir blade 15 that is supported by the moving body 14 and moves integrally with the moving body 14, and A screw 16 is provided that rotates about a horizontal axis.
  • the damming blade 15 is arranged to be positioned slightly above the upper surface of the belt conveyor 12, and the screw 16 is between the upper plate-like body 21 and the belt conveyor 12 of the two plate-like bodies 21 and 22. Is arranged.
  • Each of the two plate-like bodies 21 and 22 has a hole portion 25 that is large enough to allow the passage of chicken dung, and a large number of ventilation holes 26 that are large enough to allow gas to pass but not allow the chicken droppings to pass through.
  • the hole 25 in the upper plate 21 and the hole 25 in the lower plate 22 of the two plates 21 and 22 are set so that the positions do not overlap in the vertical direction.
  • a large number of tubes 28 for circulating hot water are disposed on the back surface of the lower plate-like body 22.
  • the chicken manure is dried by the drying apparatus 10 having the above-described configuration as follows. First, chicken manure is carried into the drying chamber 11 by the belt conveyor 12. At this time, the poultry manure to be carried in is a mixture of undried raw manure and dried chicken manure.
  • the chicken manure on the belt conveyor 12 hits the damming blade 15 supported by the moving body 14 and falls onto the upper plate-like body 21.
  • the chicken droppings dropped on the plate-like body 21 is leveled by the screw 16 passing above the plate-like body 21 while rotating as the moving body 14 moves.
  • the chicken droppings dropped through the hole 25 of the upper plate 21 is placed on the lower plate 22. Thereby, it will be in the state where chicken excrement was laid in two steps, without overlapping in the up-and-down direction on two plate-like objects 21 and 22 which have space between.
  • chicken manure is efficiently dried by the waste heat which the air which passes between the grain of chicken manure has.
  • the plate-shaped body 22 is heated by the hot water which distribute
  • the dried chicken manure is scraped off from the plate 22 by the moving scraper 23 and falls to the bottom of the drying chamber 11.
  • the dropped chicken droppings are collected by the bottom scraper 17 that moves on the bottom, and accumulate in the pit 19.
  • the chicken dung dried on the upper plate-like body 21 is scraped off by the movement of a comb-like member (not shown) when the chicken dung to be dried next is carried by the belt conveyor 12, and is finally scraped by the bottom scraper 17. Carried to pit 19.
  • the pretreatment step S2 includes a classification step and a granulation step in the present embodiment.
  • the classification step the dried chicken droppings are passed through a sieving device, and the chicken droppings having a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm are collected. Chicken feces having a particle size larger than 10 mm may be crushed and then returned to the sieving device again. Chicken manure having a particle size smaller than 5 mm is granulated to a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm by a granulator.
  • a rolling granulator, a stirring granulator, an extrusion granulator, or the like can be used. Dried chicken manure is softer and easier to granulate than wood chips, etc., but granulate while adding water as needed.
  • the gasification / carbonization apparatus 30 illustrated in FIG. 3 includes a cylindrical and vertical pyrolysis furnace 31 and an external heating unit that covers the pyrolysis furnace 31 from the outside and forms a sealed space between the outer wall of the pyrolysis furnace 31. 32, a carry-in part 34 for carrying dried chicken manure connected to a charging port 33 formed in the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace 31, and a position below the bottom part of the pyrolysis furnace 31, and discharging from the pyrolysis furnace 31 An unloading part 35 for unloading the generated carbide is provided.
  • the carry-in part 34 and the carry-out part 35 are provided with screw conveyors 34b and 35b, respectively.
  • An exhaust port 36 for discharging the pyrolysis gas is formed at the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace 31, and an oxygen supply unit for supplying a gas containing oxygen to the pyrolysis furnace 31 at the lower part of the pyrolysis furnace 31. 37.
  • a stirring blade 38 is provided for stirring the filler in the furnace (in the process of carbonizing chicken droppings, carbides, and chicken droppings).
  • air having an adjusted oxygen concentration is used as the gas containing oxygen.
  • the chicken manure is gasified and carbonized as follows by the gasification / carbonization apparatus 30 having the above-described configuration.
  • the dried and adjusted chicken manure is transported by the carry-in unit 34, and is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 31 through the charging port 33, and filled into the furnace.
  • the internal space of the external heating unit 32 is heated by an external heat source such as a burner or an electric heater while the inside of the pyrolysis furnace 31 is in a reducing atmosphere.
  • chicken manure is indirectly heated through the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace 31, and is thermally decomposed into pyrolysis gas and carbide.
  • the pyrolysis gas, H 2, CO, CO 2 and include hydrocarbons such as CH 4, C 2 H 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8.
  • thermal decomposition advances efficiently compared with indirect heating. Moreover, the energy which should be supplied from the outside for gasification and carbonization process S3 can be reduced.
  • the thermal decomposition after the start of thermal decomposition may be performed only by the internal combustion type, or may be a combination of the internal combustion type and the external heat type.
  • the air whose oxygen concentration supplied from the oxygen supply unit 37 is adjusted can contain water vapor. This reduces the tar content in the pyrolysis gas and increases the proportion of flammable H 2 .
  • the pyrolysis gas generated by the thermal decomposition of chicken manure moves upward in the pyrolysis furnace 31 and is discharged from a discharge port 36 provided at the top.
  • the carbide carbonized by the chicken manure is carried out of the furnace by the carry-out unit 35 disposed below the pyrolysis furnace 31.
  • the refrigerant is introduced into the cooling device 40 having a flow passage for circulating the pyrolysis gas discharged from the gasification / carbonization device 30 (see FIG. 1), and the flow passage is cooled with water or a refrigerant.
  • the water passage W is used to cool the flow passage.
  • the water W may be circulated, the water W that has been heated to a high temperature by cooling the pyrolysis gas may be added to the hot water generated in the heat recovery step S7 described later.
  • the cooling step S4 components having a high boiling point among the components contained in the pyrolysis gas are aggregated.
  • a vinegar liquid having a small specific gravity mainly composed of acetic acid and a heavy oil having a high viscosity and a large specific gravity mainly composed of tar is obtained.
  • the pyrolysis gas composed of components that have not been liquefied in the cooling step S4 is discharged from the cooling device.
  • the gas-liquid contact device 50 includes a container-like device main body 51 having an introduction port 52 for introducing a pyrolysis gas and a discharge port 53 for discharging the pyrolysis gas, and liquid from the nozzle 54n inside the device main body 51.
  • a path 57 and a switching valve 58 for switching the liquid flow path between the circulation path 56 and the discharge path 57 are provided.
  • the pyrolysis gas discharged from the cooling device is introduced into the apparatus main body 51 of the gas-liquid contact apparatus 50 having the above-described configuration, the pyrolysis gas collides with the mist of the liquid sprayed from the nozzle 54n, and the pyrolysis gas is identified. Are collected in the liquid.
  • the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the apparatus main body 51 is sprayed again from the nozzle 54n through the circulation path 56, comes into contact with the newly introduced pyrolysis gas, and collects the components in the pyrolysis gas.
  • the concentration of the component collected in the liquid is increased by this cycle, the liquid flow path is switched from the circulation path 56 to the discharge path 57, and the liquid is discharged.
  • the pyrolysis gas after coming into contact with the liquid is discharged from the discharge port 53.
  • the light oily matter is separated from the liquid through the step S5b in which the liquid discharged through the discharge path 57 of the gas-liquid contact device 50 is separated by centrifugation or the like.
  • This light oily substance has an extremely small viscosity (viscosity approximately equal to the viscosity of water) as compared with the heavy oily substance obtained in the cooling step S4. Moreover, since this light oily substance burns by ignition or ignition, it can be used as a liquid fuel. In addition, the light oil obtained from chicken dung as a raw material can be mixed with light oil.
  • the pyrolysis gas that has passed through the gas-liquid contact step S ⁇ b> 5 is supplied to the heat engine 61.
  • the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the cooling step S4 and the gas-liquid contact step S5 contains almost no tar content, and is mainly composed of high-calorie combustible gas such as CO and H 2. Thermal energy can be efficiently converted into electrical energy.
  • a Stirling engine can be used in addition to a gas engine and a gas turbine.
  • the Stirling engine is an external combustion engine that operates the piston by expanding and contracting the gas by heating the gas in the sealed space from the outside and cooling the other part from the outside.
  • steam is generated using the high-temperature exhaust discharged from the heat engine 61 to which the pyrolysis gas is supplied.
  • Power generation performed by supplying to an engine can be performed in combination. Thereby, the same amount of pyrolysis gas can be converted into larger electrical energy.
  • the heat recovery apparatus 70 of the present embodiment includes a blower 71 that transfers high-temperature exhaust discharged from the heat engine 61 via a pipe, and a heat exchanger 72 that exchanges heat with the transferred exhaust to make hot water. It has. Moreover, the cooling water which cooled the engine as the heat engine 61 is collect
  • the heat recovery device 70 of the present embodiment includes a hot water feeding device 73 that sends the recovered hot water to the tube 28 arranged on the back surface of the plate-like body 22 of the drying device 10.
  • the hot water feeding device 73 includes a pipe, a pump, a flow rate control device, and a valve body that can switch the flow path between the plurality of tubes 28, connecting the tank (not shown) in which the hot water is stored in the heat recovery device 70 and the tube 28.
  • the heat of the warm water is used to dry the chicken manure as described above. That is, the heat recovered as hot water is used as “waste heat” used for drying chicken manure in the drying step S1.
  • the heat recovery apparatus 70 of this embodiment includes a blower 75 that transfers and recovers high-temperature exhaust discharged from the heat engine 61 in the form of high-temperature exhaust.
  • the high-temperature exhaust can be used for drying chicken droppings by sending it to the drying chamber 11 of the drying apparatus 10 with the blower 13. That is, the heat recovered in the form of high-temperature gas is used as “waste heat” used for drying chicken manure in the drying step S1.
  • the drying step S1, the pretreatment step S2, the gasification / carbonization step S3, the cooling step S4, the gas-liquid contact step S5, and the power generation step S6 By processing chicken manure in a series of processes, it can be converted into five energy resources: charcoal, vinegar, oil (heavy oil, light oil), electricity, and heat using chicken manure as an energy source. it can. Thereby, the use of chicken manure becomes various, and the chicken manure discharged
  • the light oil obtained from chicken manure as a raw material by the study of the present inventors in addition to being a fuel itself, other biomass such as wood chips and paper is treated with the same treatment method and treatment system. Unlike the light oil obtained in this case, it was confirmed that it was easily mixed with the light oil. Therefore, by mixing light oil as a supplementary fuel with light oil obtained from chicken manure as a raw material, power can be supplied to the diesel engine (see broken line arrows in FIG. 1).

Abstract

Provided is a poultry manure treatment method that can effectively take advantage of poultry manure by using the poultry manure as an energy source and by energy conversion without direct combustion. The poultry manure treatment method is constituted so as to provide: a drying step (S1) to dry the chicken manure by waste heat; a gasification and carbonization step (S3) for thermal decomposition of the dried poultry manure and obtaining thermal decomposition gases and carbonized materials; a cooling step (S4) for cooling the thermal decomposition gases that have passed through the gasification and carbonization step, separating agglomerated components, and obtaining acid and heavy oil; a gas-liquid contact step (S5) for bringing the thermal decomposition gases that have passed through the cooling step into contact with a liquid and collecting light oil; an electricity generating step (S6) for providing the thermal decomposition gas that has passed through the gas-liquid contact step to a heat engine (61), driving a generator (62) with the heat engine, and generating electricity; and a heat recovery step (S7) for recovering heat discharged by the electricity generating step.

Description

鶏糞処理方法及び鶏糞処理システムChicken manure processing method and chicken manure processing system
　本発明は、鶏糞をエネルギー源としてエネルギー変換を行う鶏糞処理方法、及び鶏糞処理システムに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a chicken dung treatment method and a chicken dung treatment system that perform energy conversion using chicken dung as an energy source.
　養鶏場からは、日々大量の鶏糞が排出される。従前より、鶏糞は肥料として使用されているが、微生物により鶏糞を発酵させて発酵肥料とする場合は、広いスペースが必要であり、臭気が発生するという問題がある。出願人は過去に、生糞と乾燥糞とを混合することにより、水分の含有率の高い鶏糞を効率よく乾燥させる装置及びシステムを提案し、実施している（特許文献１参照）。これによれば、例えば養鶏場に隣接させた施設内で、臭気の問題を低減して効率良く鶏糞を乾燥させることができる。 A large amount of chicken manure is discharged daily from the poultry farm. Conventionally, chicken manure has been used as a fertilizer, but when fermenting chicken manure with microorganisms to make a fertilizer, there is a problem that a large space is required and odor is generated. In the past, the applicant has proposed and implemented an apparatus and system for efficiently drying chicken manure having a high moisture content by mixing raw feces and dry manure (see Patent Document 1). According to this, for example, in a facility adjacent to a chicken farm, the problem of odor can be reduced and chicken dung can be efficiently dried.
　このようにして乾燥された鶏糞は肥料として適しているが、需要と供給とのバランスにより、肥料としての活用には限界がある。 The chicken manure dried in this way is suitable as a fertilizer, but its use as a fertilizer is limited due to the balance between supply and demand.
　ここで、木質チップ等のバイオマスを燃焼させ、その熱で水蒸気を発生させて発電を行う技術が、既に公知である。そこで、バイオマスの一つである鶏糞についても、上記のように乾燥された鶏糞を同様に燃焼させ、水蒸気により発電を行うことも考えられる。しかしながら、この場合は、燃焼により発生した熱を一旦水に与えて水蒸気にする過程を経るため、エネルギー損失が大きく、かなり大規模で実施しなければエネルギー収支上の利益が小さいという問題がある。また、鶏糞に含有されている炭酸カルシウムは燃焼により酸化カルシウムとなるが、酸化カルシウムは水と反応して水酸化カルシウムとなるため、鶏糞の燃焼による生成物は農業用には適していない場合が多く、用途が限定されるという問題があった。そのため、鶏糞を資源としてより有効に活用することができる、新たな技術が要請されていた。 Here, a technique for generating electricity by burning biomass such as wood chips and generating steam with the heat is already known. Therefore, it is also conceivable that the chicken dung, which is one of the biomasses, is burned in the same manner as described above to generate power using steam. However, in this case, since the heat generated by the combustion is once given to water and converted into water vapor, there is a problem that energy loss is large and the profit on the energy balance is small unless implemented on a fairly large scale. In addition, calcium carbonate contained in chicken manure becomes calcium oxide by combustion. However, since calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide, the product from chicken manure combustion may not be suitable for agriculture. There were many problems that the application was limited. Therefore, a new technology that can more effectively utilize chicken manure as a resource has been demanded.
特許第３７４３７６６号公報Japanese Patent No. 3743766
　そこで、本発明は、上記の実情に鑑み、鶏糞をエネルギー源とし、直接燃焼させることなくエネルギー変換することにより、鶏糞をより有効に活用することができる鶏糞処理方法、及び、該鶏糞処理方法を使用する鶏糞処理システムの提供を、課題とするものである。 Therefore, in view of the above circumstances, the present invention uses chicken dung as an energy source, energy conversion without directly burning it, and chicken dung treatment method that can utilize chicken dung more effectively, and the chicken dung treatment method It is an object to provide a chicken manure treatment system to be used.
　上記の課題を解決するため、本発明にかかる鶏糞処理方法は、
「鶏糞を廃熱により乾燥させる乾燥工程と、
　乾燥された鶏糞を熱分解させ、熱分解ガスと炭化物とを得るガス化・炭化工程と、
　該ガス化・炭化工程を経た熱分解ガスを冷却し、凝集成分を分離して酢液及び重質油状物を得る冷却工程と、
　該冷却工程を経た熱分解ガスを液体と接触させ、軽質油状物を捕集する気液接触工程と、
　該気液接触工程を経た熱分解ガスを熱機関に供給し、該熱機関で発電機を駆動して発電する発電工程と、
　該発電工程で排出される熱を回収する熱回収工程と
を具備する」ものである。 In order to solve the above problems, a method for treating chicken dung according to the present invention is as follows.
"Drying process to dry chicken manure by waste heat,
A gasification and carbonization process for pyrolyzing dried chicken manure to obtain pyrolysis gas and carbide;
Cooling the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the gasification and carbonization step, separating the agglomerated components to obtain a vinegar and heavy oil,
A gas-liquid contact step in which the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the cooling step is brought into contact with a liquid to collect a light oil;
A power generation step of supplying the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the gas-liquid contact step to a heat engine, and driving the generator with the heat engine to generate power;
And a heat recovery process for recovering the heat exhausted in the power generation process.
　上記構成の鶏糞処理方法によれば、乾燥工程、ガス化・炭化工程、冷却工程、気液接触工程、発電工程、熱回収工程という一連の工程を行うことにより、鶏糞をエネルギー源として、「炭化物」、「酢液」、「油状物質（重質油状物、軽質油状物）」、「電気」、及び「熱」という、五つのエネルギー資源に変換することができる。これにより、従来は肥料程度に限られていた鶏糞の用途が多様なものとなり、養鶏場から日々多量に排出される鶏糞を、エネルギー資源として有効に活用することができる。 According to the chicken dung treatment method having the above-described configuration, a series of steps including a drying process, a gasification / carbonization process, a cooling process, a gas-liquid contact process, a power generation process, and a heat recovery process are performed. ”,“ Vinegar ”,“ oil (heavy oil, light oil) ”,“ electricity ”, and“ heat ”. Thereby, the use of the chicken manure conventionally limited to the fertilizer grade becomes various, and the chicken manure discharged in large quantities every day from the poultry farm can be effectively used as an energy resource.
　ここで、鶏糞は、木質チップ等の他のバイオマスに比べて、水分含有率が７０～８０質量％と非常に高い。このように水分含有率の高い鶏糞を乾燥させるには、大きなエネルギーが必要であるため、化石燃料の燃焼熱、或いはこれを変換した電気エネルギーにより乾燥させるとすれば、全工程を含む鶏糞処理全体としてのエネルギー収支の上で利益が小さく、場合によってはエネルギー収支がマイナスになるおそれもある。これに対し、本発明では、「乾燥工程」において「廃熱」を使用して鶏糞を乾燥させるため、エネルギー収支上の利益の大きいエネルギー変換を行うことができる。 Here, chicken manure has a very high water content of 70 to 80% by mass compared to other biomass such as wood chips. In order to dry chicken dung having such a high water content, a large amount of energy is required, so if it is dried by the combustion heat of fossil fuel or the electric energy converted from this, the whole chicken dung treatment including all steps Profit is small on the energy balance, and in some cases, the energy balance may be negative. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the chicken waste is dried using “waste heat” in the “drying step”, it is possible to perform energy conversion with a large profit on the energy balance.
　鶏糞の乾燥に使用する「廃熱」としては、後述の「熱回収工程」により回収された熱を、使用することができる。これにより、本構成の鶏糞処理方法において、エネルギーのサイクルが形成されるため、鶏糞がエネルギー資源として活用される度合いを、より高めることができる。また、鶏糞を乾燥させる「廃熱」としては、空気調和された養鶏場の内部空間から排出された空気や、養鶏場の内部空間を空気調和するための空調機器からの排気が有する熱など、養鶏場からの廃熱を使用することができる。 As the “waste heat” used for drying the chicken manure, the heat recovered by the “heat recovery process” described later can be used. Thereby, in the chicken dung processing method of this structure, since the cycle of energy is formed, the degree by which chicken dung is utilized as an energy resource can be raised more. In addition, as "waste heat" to dry the chicken manure, the air exhausted from the air conditioned chicken farm, the heat of the exhaust from the air conditioning equipment for air conditioning the chicken farm interior, Waste heat from the poultry farm can be used.
　「ガス化・炭化工程」は、還元雰囲気下で鶏糞を間接加熱して熱分解させる「外熱方式」、間接加熱等により熱分解を開始させた後、処理物（鶏糞、熱分解ガス、鶏糞が炭化した炭化物、或いは、鶏糞が炭化する過程の物）の一部を燃焼させ、その燃焼熱で熱分解を進行させる「内燃方式」、外熱方式と内燃方式とを併用する方式、の何れも採用可能である。また、ガス化・炭化の過程で鶏糞を移動させない固定床式、鶏糞を移動・循環させながらガス化・炭化を行う流動床式、の何れも採用可能である。更に、熱分解ガスが下方から上方へ流れるアップドラフト式、上方から下方へ流れるダウンドラフト式、の何れも採用可能である。 The “gasification and carbonization process” is an “external heat method” in which chicken manure is indirectly heated and thermally decomposed in a reducing atmosphere, and thermal decomposition is started by indirect heating, etc., and then processed products (chicken manure, pyrolysis gas, chicken manure) Any of the "internal combustion system" in which a part of the carbonized carbon or the product of the process in which chicken manure is carbonized is combusted and thermal decomposition proceeds with the combustion heat, or a combination of the external heat system and the internal combustion system Can also be adopted. Moreover, any of a fixed bed type that does not move chicken manure during the gasification and carbonization process and a fluidized bed type that performs gasification and carbonization while moving and circulating the chicken manure can be employed. Furthermore, any of an updraft type in which the pyrolysis gas flows from below to above and a downdraft type in which the pyrolysis gas flows from above to below can be adopted.
　「ガス化・炭化工程」を経て得られた熱分解ガス及び炭化物のうち、熱分解ガスは次の冷却工程に送られる。一方、炭化物は系外に搬出し、土壌改質剤、肥料、融雪剤などとして使用することができる。鶏糞の炭化物は、乾燥させた鶏糞に比べて窒素分が少ないため、窒素及びリンのバランスのよい肥料として使い勝手がよい。また、発酵または乾燥させた鶏糞を肥料として使用する場合、鶏に与えた抗生物質の影響により肥料中で耐性菌が増殖するおそれが指摘されていたところ、高温で鶏糞を炭化させた炭化物には、このようなおそれがないという利点がある。 Of the pyrolysis gas and carbide obtained through the “gasification / carbonization process”, the pyrolysis gas is sent to the next cooling process. On the other hand, the carbide can be taken out of the system and used as a soil modifier, a fertilizer, a snow melting agent or the like. Since the carbonized chicken dung has less nitrogen than dried chicken dung, it is easy to use as a fertilizer with a good balance between nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, when fermented or dried chicken manure was used as a fertilizer, it was pointed out that resistant bacteria might grow in the fertilizer due to the effect of antibiotics given to the chicken. There is an advantage that there is no such fear.
　「冷却工程」では、熱分解ガスの成分のうち沸点の高い成分が凝集する。凝集成分から、酢液と重質油状物とを「分離」する方法としては、静置分離、ろ過分離、遠心分離を例示することができる。凝集成分から分離された酢液は、木質バイオマスを原料として得られた酢液（木酢液）に比べて、窒素の含有率が高いため、窒素肥料として適している。酢液と分離された重質油状物は、タールを主成分とするものであり、木タールと同様の用途に使用することができる。 In the “cooling process”, the components with high boiling points of the pyrolysis gas components are aggregated. Examples of the method for “separating” the vinegar liquid and the heavy oil from the agglomerated component include stationary separation, filtration separation, and centrifugation. The vinegar separated from the agglomerated components is suitable as a nitrogen fertilizer because it has a higher nitrogen content than vinegar obtained from woody biomass (wood vinegar). The heavy oil separated from the vinegar is mainly composed of tar and can be used for the same purpose as wood tar.
　「気液接触工程」では、熱分解ガスを液体と接触させることにより、上記の冷却工程で熱分解ガスから除去されなかった液分（油分）を、液体に捕集させる。捕集された成分は、遠心分離等の分離処理によって元の液体と分離することができ、上記の重質油状物より粘度の小さい軽質油状物が得られる。 In the “gas-liquid contact process”, the liquid (oil) that has not been removed from the pyrolysis gas in the cooling process is collected in the liquid by bringing the pyrolysis gas into contact with the liquid. The collected components can be separated from the original liquid by a separation process such as centrifugation, and a light oil having a viscosity lower than that of the heavy oil is obtained.
　「発電工程」では、それ以前の工程でタール分がほぼ完全に除かれた、Ｈ２やＣＯ等の可燃性ガスの割合が高い熱分解ガスを熱機関に供給する。そして、熱分解ガスの燃焼による熱エネルギーを熱機関で機械的エネルギーに変換して発電機を駆動し、発電する。熱機関としては、例えば、ガスエンジン、ガスタービン、スターリングエンジンを使用可能である。また、熱分解ガスが供給された熱機関の駆動による発電に加えて、熱機関から排出される高温の排気で水蒸気を発生させ、蒸気機関に供給して行う発電を、組み合わせて行うこともできる。 In the “power generation process”, a pyrolysis gas having a high ratio of combustible gas such as H 2 or CO, in which tar content is almost completely removed in the previous process, is supplied to the heat engine. Then, the heat energy generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas is converted into mechanical energy by the heat engine, and the generator is driven to generate power. As the heat engine, for example, a gas engine, a gas turbine, or a Stirling engine can be used. In addition to power generation by driving a heat engine supplied with pyrolysis gas, it is also possible to combine power generation by generating steam by supplying high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the heat engine and supplying it to the steam engine. .
　本発明にかかる鶏糞処理方法は、上記構成に加えて、「前記気液接触工程で捕集された軽質油状物を軽油と混合し、ディーゼルエンジンに供給して発電する第二発電工程を、更に具備する」ものとすることができる。 The chicken dung treatment method according to the present invention, in addition to the above-described configuration, further includes a “second power generation step of mixing the light oil collected in the gas-liquid contact step with light oil and supplying the diesel engine to generate power, It can be included.
　本発明者らの検討により、鶏糞を原料として得られた軽質油状物は、それ自体が燃料となることに加え、木質チップや紙など他のバイオマスを同様の方法で処理した場合に得られる軽質油状物とは異なり、軽油と容易に混合するという知見が得られた。従って、鶏糞を原料として得られた軽質油状物に、軽油を補助燃料として混合することにより、ディーゼルエンジンに供給して発電を行うことが可能であり、鶏糞を原料とした新規な液体燃料を、提供することができる。 In light of the investigation by the present inventors, the light oil obtained from chicken dung as a raw material is a light oil obtained when other biomass such as wood chips and paper is treated in the same manner in addition to being a fuel itself. It was found that, unlike an oily substance, it easily mixes with light oil. Therefore, by mixing light oil obtained from chicken manure as a raw material with light oil as an auxiliary fuel, it is possible to supply power to a diesel engine to generate electricity, and a novel liquid fuel from chicken manure as a raw material, Can be provided.
　本発明にかかる鶏糞処理方法は、上記構成に加えて、「前記ガス化・炭化工程に先立ち、前記乾燥工程を経た鶏糞の粒度を５ｍｍ～１０ｍｍに調整する前処理工程を、更に具備する」ものとすることができる。 The chicken manure treatment method according to the present invention includes, in addition to the above configuration, “a pretreatment step of adjusting the particle size of chicken manure after the drying step to 5 mm to 10 mm prior to the gasification / carbonization step”. It can be.
　乾燥された鶏糞は、他のバイオマスに比べて粒度分布が広い。本発明者らの検討の結果、鶏糞の粒度が５ｍｍより小さいと、ガス化・炭化工程において熱分解ガスが鶏糞の粒の間を通過しにくく、粒度の大きい鶏糞の粒間を優先的にガスが通過してしまいやすく、鶏糞の粒度が１０ｍｍより大きいと、粒の内部まで熱が伝導しにくく熱分解の効率が悪いという知見を得た。ガス化・炭化工程に先立って、鶏糞の粒度を５ｍｍ～１０ｍｍに調整することにより、ガス化及び炭化を、均一に効率よく進行させることができる。 Dried chicken manure has a wider particle size distribution than other biomass. As a result of the study by the present inventors, when the particle size of the chicken manure is smaller than 5 mm, the pyrolysis gas hardly passes between the chicken manure particles in the gasification and carbonization process, and the gas between the chicken manure particles having a large particle size is preferentially gasified. When the particle size of chicken manure was larger than 10 mm, heat was not easily conducted to the inside of the particles, and the thermal decomposition efficiency was poor. Prior to the gasification and carbonization step, the gasification and carbonization can proceed uniformly and efficiently by adjusting the particle size of chicken manure to 5 to 10 mm.
　この「前処理工程」は、粒度が５ｍｍ～１０ｍｍの鶏糞を分取する分級工程に加え、粒度が５ｍｍより小さい鶏糞を造粒する工程、粒度が１０ｍｍより大きい鶏糞を粉砕する工程を備えるものとすることができる。 This “pretreatment step” includes a step of granulating chicken droppings having a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm, a step of granulating chicken droppings having a particle size of less than 5 mm, and a step of grinding chicken droppings having a particle size of more than 10 mm. can do.
　次に、本発明にかかる「鶏糞処理システム」は、
「通気孔を有する板状体、及び、該板状体に載置された鶏糞に、廃熱を有する空気を前記通気孔を介して送風する送風機を有する乾燥装置と、
　乾燥された鶏糞を投入する投入口、及び、鶏糞の熱分解により発生した熱分解ガスを排出する排出口が上部に形成されていると共に、鶏糞が炭化した炭化物を搬出する搬出部が下部に形成されている熱分解炉、該熱分解炉の炉壁を外部から加熱する外部加熱部、及び、酸素を含む気体を前記熱分解炉に下方から供給する酸素供給部を有するガス化・炭化装置と、
　該ガス化・炭化装置を経た熱分解ガスを流通させる流通路を有し、該流通路を冷却する冷却装置と、
　該冷却装置を経た熱分解ガスを導入する容器状の装置本体、及び、該装置本体内にノズルを介して液体を噴霧する液体噴霧部を有する気液接触装置と、
　該気液接触装置を経た熱分解ガスの有する熱エネルギーを機械的エネルギーに変換する熱機関、及び、該熱機関により駆動される発電機を有する発電装置と、
　該発電装置から排出される熱を回収する熱回収装置と
を具備する」ものである。 Next, the “chicken manure processing system” according to the present invention is:
“Drying device having a plate-like body having a vent hole, and a fan that blows air having waste heat to the chicken manure placed on the plate-like body through the vent hole,”
An inlet for feeding dried chicken manure and an outlet for discharging pyrolysis gas generated by the thermal decomposition of chicken manure are formed at the top, and a carry-out section for carrying out carbonized char from chicken manure is formed at the bottom A gasification / carbonization apparatus having an external heating unit that heats a furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace from the outside, and an oxygen supply unit that supplies a gas containing oxygen to the pyrolysis furnace from below ,
A cooling device having a flow passage for circulating the pyrolysis gas that has passed through the gasification / carbonization device, and cooling the flow passage;
A container-like device main body for introducing the pyrolysis gas that has passed through the cooling device, and a gas-liquid contact device having a liquid spraying section for spraying liquid through the nozzle in the device main body,
A heat engine that converts thermal energy of the pyrolysis gas that has passed through the gas-liquid contact device into mechanical energy, and a power generation device that includes a generator driven by the heat engine;
And a heat recovery device that recovers the heat discharged from the power generation device.
　本構成の鶏糞処理システムは、上記の鶏糞処理方法を使用するためのシステムである。すなわち、本鶏糞処理システムによれば、乾燥装置、ガス化・炭化装置、冷却装置、気液接触装置、発電装置、熱回収装置を使用して、上記の一連の処理を行うことにより、鶏糞をエネルギー源として、「炭化物」、「酢液」、「油状物質（重質油状物、軽質油状物）」、「電気」、及び「熱」という、五つのエネルギー資源に変換することができる。 The chicken manure processing system of this configuration is a system for using the above chicken manure processing method. That is, according to this chicken manure processing system, by using the drying device, the gasification / carbonization device, the cooling device, the gas-liquid contact device, the power generation device, and the heat recovery device, the above process is performed, As an energy source, it can be converted into five energy resources: “carbonized”, “vinegar”, “oil (heavy oil, light oil)”, “electricity”, and “heat”.
　ここで、本鶏糞処理システムにおける「ガス化・炭化装置」は、ガス化・炭化工程で採用可能な方式として上述した方式のうち、固定床式のアップドラフト式を採用した構成である。この方式は、熱効率が高いという長所を有する一方で、熱分解ガスがタール分を同伴しやすいという短所を有する。しかしながら、本構成では、冷却装置を使用して行う冷却工程で酢液と共に重質油状物を得ることにより、熱分解ガスからタール分のほとんどが除去される。そのため、上記の短所を重視する必要がなく、熱交換率が高いという長所を生かして、鶏糞をガス化・炭化することができる。 Here, the “gasification / carbonization apparatus” in the chicken manure treatment system has a configuration adopting a fixed-bed type updraft type among the methods described above that can be adopted in the gasification / carbonization process. While this method has an advantage of high thermal efficiency, it has a disadvantage that the pyrolysis gas easily accompanies the tar content. However, in this configuration, most of the tar content is removed from the pyrolysis gas by obtaining a heavy oil together with the vinegar in the cooling step performed using the cooling device. Therefore, it is not necessary to place importance on the above disadvantages, and chicken manure can be gasified and carbonized by taking advantage of a high heat exchange rate.
　また、本鶏糞処理システムにおける「ガス化・炭化装置」は、酸素を含む気体を熱分解炉に下方から供給する酸素供給部を有する構成、すなわち、上記の「内燃方式」または「外熱方式と内燃方式とを併用する方式」で熱分解を行う構成である。ここで、「外熱方式」のみで熱分解を行う場合は、熱分解炉の炉壁を介して鶏糞が間接的に加熱されるため、熱効率が悪い。加えて、外側からの加熱となるため、熱分解炉の中心近くに充填された鶏糞には十分に熱が伝わりにくく、熱分解が不均一となりやすい。これに対し、本構成のガス化・炭化装置では、熱分解炉の内部において処理物を部分的に燃焼させることが可能であるため、燃焼熱が炉内の充填物に直接に伝播し、効率良く均一に熱分解を進行させることができる。 In addition, the “gasification / carbonization device” in the chicken manure treatment system has a configuration having an oxygen supply section that supplies a gas containing oxygen from below into the pyrolysis furnace, that is, the above-mentioned “internal combustion system” or “external heat system”. This is a configuration in which pyrolysis is performed by a “method that uses an internal combustion method together”. Here, when the thermal decomposition is performed only by the “external heat system”, the chicken manure is indirectly heated through the furnace wall of the thermal decomposition furnace, so that the thermal efficiency is poor. In addition, since heat is applied from the outside, the chicken manure filled near the center of the pyrolysis furnace is not sufficiently transmitted with heat, and the pyrolysis tends to be uneven. On the other hand, in the gasification / carbonization apparatus of this configuration, it is possible to partially burn the processed material inside the pyrolysis furnace, so that the combustion heat directly propagates to the filling in the furnace, and the efficiency Thermal decomposition can proceed well and uniformly.
　また、「熱回収装置」は、発電装置から排出される高温の排気を移送する配管やブロワ等の手段、及び／または、高温の排気と水との間で熱交換させて温水とする熱交換器を備える構成とすることができる。高温のガスの形態のまま回収された熱は、乾燥装置で鶏糞を乾燥するために使用する「廃熱」として使用することができる。また、熱を温水として回収した場合は、乾燥装置内に張りめぐらした配管に通して乾燥装置の内部空間を加熱したり、洗卵や養鶏ケージの洗浄用の水などとして養鶏場で使用したりすることができる。 In addition, the “heat recovery device” is a means such as piping or blower for transferring the high-temperature exhaust discharged from the power generation device, and / or heat exchange by converting heat between the high-temperature exhaust and water into hot water. It can be set as the structure provided with a vessel. The heat recovered in the form of high-temperature gas can be used as “waste heat” used to dry chicken manure in a drying apparatus. In addition, when heat is recovered as hot water, the internal space of the drying device can be heated through piping that runs through the drying device, or used in poultry farms as water for washing eggs or poultry cages. can do.
　本発明にかかる「鶏糞処理システム」は、上記構成に加え、「前記乾燥装置は、前記板状体の裏面に配されたチューブを有しており、前記熱回収装置は、前記発電装置から排出される熱の少なくとも一部を温水として回収すると共に、回収した温水を前記乾燥装置の前記チューブに送る温水送り装置を有する」ものとすることができる。 In addition to the above-described configuration, the “chicken manure processing system” according to the present invention includes “the drying device has a tube disposed on the back surface of the plate-like body, and the heat recovery device is discharged from the power generation device. It has a hot water feeding device that collects at least a part of the heat to be heated as hot water and sends the collected hot water to the tube of the drying device.
　本構成では、熱回収装置で回収された温水が、乾燥装置の板状体の裏面に配されたチューブに供給される。温水はチューブ内を流通しながら、鶏糞を載置している板状体、及びチューブの周辺の空間を加熱する。これにより、熱回収装置で回収された温水の有する熱が、乾燥装置における鶏糞の乾燥に使用されるため、本構成の鶏糞処理システムにおいてエネルギーのサイクルが形成され、鶏糞がエネルギー資源として活用される度合いを、より高めることができる。 In this configuration, the hot water recovered by the heat recovery device is supplied to a tube disposed on the back surface of the plate of the drying device. Hot water circulates in the tube and heats the plate-like body on which the chicken manure is placed and the space around the tube. As a result, since the heat of the hot water recovered by the heat recovery device is used for drying the chicken manure in the drying device, an energy cycle is formed in the chicken manure processing system of this configuration, and the chicken manure is utilized as an energy resource. The degree can be further increased.
　以上のように、本発明によれば、鶏糞をエネルギー源とし、直接燃焼させることなくエネルギー変換することにより、鶏糞をより有効に活用することができる鶏糞処理方法、及び、該鶏糞処理方法を使用する鶏糞処理システムを提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, chicken droppings is used as an energy source, and the chicken droppings can be used more effectively by converting the energy without directly burning, and the chicken droppings processing method is used. A chicken manure processing system can be provided.
本発明の一実施形態である鶏糞処理方法のフロー及び鶏糞処理システムの構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the flow of the chicken dung processing method which is one Embodiment of this invention, and a chicken dung processing system. 図１の鶏糞処理システムの一構成である乾燥装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the drying apparatus which is one structure of the chicken dung processing system of FIG. 図１の鶏糞処理システムの一構成であるガス化・炭化装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the gasification and carbonization apparatus which is one structure of the chicken manure processing system of FIG. 図１の鶏糞処理システムの一構成である気液接触装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the gas-liquid contact apparatus which is one structure of the chicken dung processing system of FIG.
　以下、本発明の一実施形態である鶏糞処理方法、及び、該鶏糞処理方法を使用する鶏糞処理システム１について、図１乃至図４を用いて説明する。 Hereinafter, a chicken dung processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention and a chicken dung processing system 1 using the chicken dung processing method will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
　本実施形態の鶏糞処理方法は、鶏糞を廃熱により乾燥させる乾燥工程Ｓ１と、乾燥工程Ｓ１を経た鶏糞の粒度を５ｍｍ～１０ｍｍに調整する前処理工程Ｓ２と、乾燥された鶏糞を熱分解させ、熱分解ガスと炭化物とを得るガス化・炭化工程Ｓ３と、ガス化・炭化工程Ｓ３を経た熱分解ガスを冷却し、凝集成分を分離して酢液及び重質油状物を得る冷却工程Ｓ４と、冷却工程Ｓ４を経た熱分解ガスを液体と接触させ、軽質油状物を捕集する気液接触工程Ｓ５と、気液接触工程Ｓ５を経た熱分解ガスを熱機関６１に供給し、熱機関６１で発電機６２を駆動して発電する発電工程Ｓ６と、発電工程Ｓ６で排出される熱を回収する熱回収工程Ｓ７とを具備している。 The chicken dung treatment method of the present embodiment includes a drying step S1 for drying chicken dung with waste heat, a pretreatment step S2 for adjusting the particle size of the chicken dung after the drying step S1 to 5 mm to 10 mm, and pyrolyzing the dried chicken dung. The gasification / carbonization step S3 for obtaining the pyrolysis gas and the carbide, and the cooling step S4 for cooling the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the gasification / carbonization step S3 and separating the agglomerated components to obtain the vinegar and heavy oil. The pyrolysis gas that has undergone the cooling process S4 is brought into contact with the liquid, and the gas-liquid contact process S5 that collects the light oil, and the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the gas-liquid contact process S5 is supplied to the heat engine 61. 61 includes a power generation step S6 for driving the generator 62 to generate power, and a heat recovery step S7 for recovering the heat discharged in the power generation step S6.
　より具体的に説明すると、乾燥工程Ｓ１では、図２に例示する乾燥装置１０を使用する。この乾燥装置１０は、乾燥室１１と、乾燥室１１の内部に鶏糞を搬入するベルトコンベア１２と、ベルトコンベア１２の下方において上下に離隔して水平に配された二枚の板状体２１，２２と、二枚の板状体２１，２２の間を移動するスクレーパ２３と、二枚の板状体２１，２２の下方の空間に廃熱を有する空気を送風する送風機１３を備えている。また、乾燥装置１０は、乾燥室１１の内壁に支持されて水平方向に移動する移動体１４と、移動体１４にそれぞれ支持されて移動体１４と一体的に移動する堰止めブレード１５、及び、水平方向の軸周りに回転するスクリュー１６を備えている。堰止めブレード１５はベルトコンベア１２の上面の僅か上方に位置するように配されており、スクリュー１６は二枚の板状体２１，２２のうち上方の板状体２１とベルトコンベア１２との間に配されている。 More specifically, the drying apparatus 10 illustrated in FIG. 2 is used in the drying step S1. The drying apparatus 10 includes a drying chamber 11, a belt conveyor 12 that carries chicken dung into the drying chamber 11, and two plate-like bodies 21 that are horizontally spaced apart vertically below the belt conveyor 12, 22, a scraper 23 that moves between the two plate- like bodies 21 and 22, and a blower 13 that blows air having waste heat in a space below the two plate- like bodies 21 and 22. The drying apparatus 10 includes a moving body 14 that is supported by the inner wall of the drying chamber 11 and moves in the horizontal direction, a weir blade 15 that is supported by the moving body 14 and moves integrally with the moving body 14, and A screw 16 is provided that rotates about a horizontal axis. The damming blade 15 is arranged to be positioned slightly above the upper surface of the belt conveyor 12, and the screw 16 is between the upper plate-like body 21 and the belt conveyor 12 of the two plate- like bodies 21 and 22. Is arranged.
　二枚の板状体２１，２２はそれぞれ、鶏糞が通過する大きさの孔部２５と、気体は通過するが鶏糞は通過しない大きさの多数の通気孔２６を有している。また、二枚の板状体２１，２２のうち上方の板状体２１における孔部２５と、下方の板状体２２における孔部２５は、上下方向で位置が重ならないように設定されている。また、二枚の板状体２１，２２のうち、下方の板状体２２の裏面には、温水を流通させるチューブ２８が、多数配設されている。 Each of the two plate- like bodies 21 and 22 has a hole portion 25 that is large enough to allow the passage of chicken dung, and a large number of ventilation holes 26 that are large enough to allow gas to pass but not allow the chicken droppings to pass through. The hole 25 in the upper plate 21 and the hole 25 in the lower plate 22 of the two plates 21 and 22 are set so that the positions do not overlap in the vertical direction. . Further, among the two plate- like bodies 21 and 22, a large number of tubes 28 for circulating hot water are disposed on the back surface of the lower plate-like body 22.
　上記構成の乾燥装置１０により、鶏糞は次のように乾燥される。まず、鶏糞は、ベルトコンベア１２によって乾燥室１１の内部に搬入される。このとき搬入される鶏糞は、未乾燥の生糞に乾燥済みの鶏糞が混合されたものである。ベルトコンベア１２上の鶏糞は、移動体１４に支持された堰止めブレード１５に当たり、上方の板状体２１の上に落下する。板状体２１の上に落下した鶏糞は、移動体１４の移動に伴い回転しながら板状体２１の上方を通過するスクリュー１６によって均される。また、上方の板状体２１の孔部２５を介して落下した鶏糞は、下方の板状体２２の上に載置される。これにより、間に空間を有する二枚の板状体２１，２２の上に、上下方向に重なることなく、二段に鶏糞が敷きつめられた状態となる。 The chicken manure is dried by the drying apparatus 10 having the above-described configuration as follows. First, chicken manure is carried into the drying chamber 11 by the belt conveyor 12. At this time, the poultry manure to be carried in is a mixture of undried raw manure and dried chicken manure. The chicken manure on the belt conveyor 12 hits the damming blade 15 supported by the moving body 14 and falls onto the upper plate-like body 21. The chicken droppings dropped on the plate-like body 21 is leveled by the screw 16 passing above the plate-like body 21 while rotating as the moving body 14 moves. In addition, the chicken droppings dropped through the hole 25 of the upper plate 21 is placed on the lower plate 22. Thereby, it will be in the state where chicken excrement was laid in two steps, without overlapping in the up-and-down direction on two plate- like objects 21 and 22 which have space between.
　送風機１３によって板状体２１，２２の下方へ送り込まれた空気は、板状体２１，２２に多数設けられた通気孔２６及び孔部２５を介して上昇する。これにより、鶏糞の粒の間を通過する空気が有する廃熱によって、鶏糞が効率よく乾燥される。また、板状体２２の裏面に配されたチューブ２８内を流通する温水によって、板状体２２が加熱されるため、板状体２２上に載置された鶏糞を効率良く乾燥させることができる。また、チューブ２８周辺の空気が温水によって加熱されることにより、通気孔２６及び孔部２５を介して上昇する空気も更に高温となるため、加熱された空気による鶏糞の乾燥の効率をより高めることができる。 The air sent to the lower side of the plate- like bodies 21 and 22 by the blower 13 rises through the air holes 26 and hole portions 25 provided in the plate- like bodies 21 and 22. Thereby, chicken manure is efficiently dried by the waste heat which the air which passes between the grain of chicken manure has. Moreover, since the plate-shaped body 22 is heated by the hot water which distribute | circulates the inside of the tube 28 distribute | arranged to the back surface of the plate-shaped body 22, the chicken droppings mounted on the plate-shaped body 22 can be dried efficiently. . In addition, since the air around the tube 28 is heated by the hot water, the air rising through the vent hole 26 and the hole portion 25 also becomes higher in temperature, so that the efficiency of drying the chicken manure by the heated air is further increased. Can do.
　乾燥した鶏糞は、移動するスクレーパ２３によって板状体２２から掻き落とされ、乾燥室１１の底部に落下する。落下した鶏糞は、底部を移動する底部スクレーパ１７によって集められ、ピット１９内に堆積する。また、上方の板状体２１上で乾燥した鶏糞は、次に乾燥させる鶏糞をベルトコンベア１２で搬入する際に、図示しない櫛状部材の移動により掻き落とされ、最終的には底部スクレーパ１７によってピット１９まで運ばれる。 The dried chicken manure is scraped off from the plate 22 by the moving scraper 23 and falls to the bottom of the drying chamber 11. The dropped chicken droppings are collected by the bottom scraper 17 that moves on the bottom, and accumulate in the pit 19. The chicken dung dried on the upper plate-like body 21 is scraped off by the movement of a comb-like member (not shown) when the chicken dung to be dried next is carried by the belt conveyor 12, and is finally scraped by the bottom scraper 17. Carried to pit 19.
　前処理工程Ｓ２は、本実施形態では分級工程と造粒工程とからなる。まず、分級工程では、乾燥された鶏糞を篩い分け装置に通し、５ｍｍ～１０ｍｍの粒度の鶏糞を分取する。１０ｍｍより粒度の大きい鶏糞は、粉砕してから再度篩分け装置に戻してもよい。５ｍｍより粒度の小さな鶏糞は、造粒装置により５ｍｍ～１０ｍｍの粒度に造粒する。造粒装置としては、転動造粒装置、撹拌造粒装置、押出造粒装置等を使用可能である。乾燥させた鶏糞は、木質チップ等と比べて柔らかく造粒しやすいが、必要に応じて水分を添加しながら造粒を行う。 The pretreatment step S2 includes a classification step and a granulation step in the present embodiment. First, in the classification step, the dried chicken droppings are passed through a sieving device, and the chicken droppings having a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm are collected. Chicken feces having a particle size larger than 10 mm may be crushed and then returned to the sieving device again. Chicken manure having a particle size smaller than 5 mm is granulated to a particle size of 5 mm to 10 mm by a granulator. As the granulator, a rolling granulator, a stirring granulator, an extrusion granulator, or the like can be used. Dried chicken manure is softer and easier to granulate than wood chips, etc., but granulate while adding water as needed.
　ガス化・炭化工程Ｓ３では、図３に例示するガス化・炭化装置３０を使用する。このガス化・炭化装置３０は、筒状で縦型の熱分解炉３１と、熱分解炉３１を外側から覆い、熱分解炉３１の外壁との間に密閉された空間を形成する外部加熱部３２と、熱分解炉３１の上部に形成された投入口３３に接続された、乾燥した鶏糞を搬入する搬入部３４と、熱分解炉３１の底部より下方に位置し、熱分解炉３１から排出された炭化物を搬出する搬出部３５を備えている。搬入部３４及び搬出部３５は、それぞれスクリューコンベア３４ｂ，３５ｂを備えている。また、熱分解炉３１の上部には、熱分解ガスを排出する排出口３６が形成されており、熱分解炉３１の下部には、酸素を含む気体を熱分解炉３１に供給する酸素供給部３７を備えている。加えて、熱分解炉３１の底部近傍には、炉内の充填物（鶏糞、炭化物、鶏糞が炭化される過程のもの）を撹拌するための撹拌羽根３８が設けられている。本実施形態では、酸素を含む気体として、酸素濃度が調整された空気を使用している。 In the gasification / carbonization step S3, the gasification / carbonization apparatus 30 illustrated in FIG. 3 is used. The gasification / carbonization apparatus 30 includes a cylindrical and vertical pyrolysis furnace 31 and an external heating unit that covers the pyrolysis furnace 31 from the outside and forms a sealed space between the outer wall of the pyrolysis furnace 31. 32, a carry-in part 34 for carrying dried chicken manure connected to a charging port 33 formed in the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace 31, and a position below the bottom part of the pyrolysis furnace 31, and discharging from the pyrolysis furnace 31 An unloading part 35 for unloading the generated carbide is provided. The carry-in part 34 and the carry-out part 35 are provided with screw conveyors 34b and 35b, respectively. An exhaust port 36 for discharging the pyrolysis gas is formed at the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace 31, and an oxygen supply unit for supplying a gas containing oxygen to the pyrolysis furnace 31 at the lower part of the pyrolysis furnace 31. 37. In addition, in the vicinity of the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace 31, a stirring blade 38 is provided for stirring the filler in the furnace (in the process of carbonizing chicken droppings, carbides, and chicken droppings). In the present embodiment, air having an adjusted oxygen concentration is used as the gas containing oxygen.
　上記構成のガス化・炭化装置３０により、鶏糞は次のようにガス化・炭化される。まず、乾燥されて粒度調整された鶏糞は、搬入部３４によって搬送されて、投入口３３を介して熱分解炉３１内に投入され、炉内に充填される。熱分解炉３１内を還元性雰囲気とした状態で、バーナや電気ヒータ等の外部熱源により外部加熱部３２の内部空間を加熱する。これにより、鶏糞は熱分解炉３１の炉壁を介して間接加熱され、熱分解ガスと炭化物に熱分解される。熱分解ガスには、Ｈ２、ＣＯ、ＣＯ２、及び、ＣＨ４、Ｃ２Ｈ４、Ｃ２Ｈ６、Ｃ３Ｈ８などの炭化水素が含まれる。 The chicken manure is gasified and carbonized as follows by the gasification / carbonization apparatus 30 having the above-described configuration. First, the dried and adjusted chicken manure is transported by the carry-in unit 34, and is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 31 through the charging port 33, and filled into the furnace. The internal space of the external heating unit 32 is heated by an external heat source such as a burner or an electric heater while the inside of the pyrolysis furnace 31 is in a reducing atmosphere. Thereby, chicken manure is indirectly heated through the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace 31, and is thermally decomposed into pyrolysis gas and carbide. The pyrolysis gas, H 2, CO, CO 2 and, include hydrocarbons such as CH 4, C 2 H 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8.
　熱分解が開始した後は、撹拌羽根３８で撹拌しながら、熱分解炉３１の下部に設けられた酸素供給部３７から、酸素濃度の調整された空気を供給する。これにより、処理物（熱分解ガス、鶏糞、炭化物、鶏糞が炭化される過程の物）の一部が熱分解炉３１の内部で燃焼し、その燃焼熱で更に熱分解が進行する。つまり、熱分解の開始時は、熱分解炉３１の外部の熱で鶏糞を間接加熱するが（外熱式）、熱分解が開始したら、それ以降は熱分解炉３１の内部における部分燃焼を、熱分解のための熱源とする（内燃式）。これにより、間接加熱に比べて効率良く熱分解が進行する。また、ガス化・炭化工程Ｓ３のために外部から供給すべきエネルギーを低減することができる。なお、熱分解が開始した後の熱分解は、内燃式のみによって進行させるものであっても、内燃式と外熱式とを併用するものであってもよい。 After the thermal decomposition is started, air with an adjusted oxygen concentration is supplied from an oxygen supply unit 37 provided at the lower part of the thermal decomposition furnace 31 while stirring with the stirring blade 38. As a result, a part of the processed product (pyrolysis gas, chicken manure, charcoal, and product in the process of carbonizing chicken manure) is combusted inside the pyrolysis furnace 31, and the pyrolysis further proceeds with the combustion heat. That is, at the start of pyrolysis, chicken manure is indirectly heated with heat outside the pyrolysis furnace 31 (external heat type), but after pyrolysis starts, partial combustion inside the pyrolysis furnace 31 is performed thereafter. A heat source for pyrolysis (internal combustion type). Thereby, thermal decomposition advances efficiently compared with indirect heating. Moreover, the energy which should be supplied from the outside for gasification and carbonization process S3 can be reduced. The thermal decomposition after the start of thermal decomposition may be performed only by the internal combustion type, or may be a combination of the internal combustion type and the external heat type.
　また、酸素供給部３７より供給する酸素濃度が調整された空気には、水蒸気を含有させることができる。これにより、熱分解ガス中のタール分が減少すると共に、可燃性のＨ２の割合が増加する。 Further, the air whose oxygen concentration supplied from the oxygen supply unit 37 is adjusted can contain water vapor. This reduces the tar content in the pyrolysis gas and increases the proportion of flammable H 2 .
　鶏糞の熱分解により発生した熱分解ガスは、熱分解炉３１の内部を上方に向かって移動し、上部に設けられた排出口３６から排出される。一方、鶏糞が炭化した炭化物は、熱分解炉３１の下方に配された搬出部３５によって炉外に搬出される。 The pyrolysis gas generated by the thermal decomposition of chicken manure moves upward in the pyrolysis furnace 31 and is discharged from a discharge port 36 provided at the top. On the other hand, the carbide carbonized by the chicken manure is carried out of the furnace by the carry-out unit 35 disposed below the pyrolysis furnace 31.
　冷却工程Ｓ４では、ガス化・炭化装置３０から排出された熱分解ガスを流通させる流通路を有する冷却装置４０に導入し（図１参照）、流通路を水や冷媒で冷却する。本実施形態では、水Ｗを使用して流通路を冷却している。水Ｗは循環させてもよいが、熱分解ガスを冷却して高温になった水Ｗを、後述の熱回収工程Ｓ７で生成された温水に加えてもよい。 In the cooling step S4, the refrigerant is introduced into the cooling device 40 having a flow passage for circulating the pyrolysis gas discharged from the gasification / carbonization device 30 (see FIG. 1), and the flow passage is cooled with water or a refrigerant. In the present embodiment, the water passage W is used to cool the flow passage. Although the water W may be circulated, the water W that has been heated to a high temperature by cooling the pyrolysis gas may be added to the hot water generated in the heat recovery step S7 described later.
　冷却工程Ｓ４により、熱分解ガスに含まれる成分のうち沸点の高い成分が凝集する。凝集成分を、静置分離、ろ過分離、遠心分離等により分離する工程Ｓ４ｂを経て、酢酸を主成分とする比重の小さい酢液と、タールを主成分とする高粘度で比重の大きい重質油状物が得られる。一方、冷却工程Ｓ４で液化しなかった成分からなる熱分解ガスは、冷却装置から排出される。 In the cooling step S4, components having a high boiling point among the components contained in the pyrolysis gas are aggregated. After the step S4b of separating the agglomerated components by stationary separation, filtration separation, centrifugation, etc., a vinegar liquid having a small specific gravity mainly composed of acetic acid and a heavy oil having a high viscosity and a large specific gravity mainly composed of tar. A thing is obtained. On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas composed of components that have not been liquefied in the cooling step S4 is discharged from the cooling device.
　なお、ガス化・炭化工程Ｓ３と冷却工程Ｓ４との間に、サイクロン等を用いて熱分解ガスから除塵する工程を設けてもよい。 In addition, you may provide the process of removing dust from pyrolysis gas using a cyclone etc. between gasification / carbonization process S3 and cooling process S4.
　気液接触工程Ｓ５では、図４に例示する気液接触装置５０を使用する。この気液接触装置５０は、熱分解ガスを導入する導入口５２、及び、熱分解ガスを排出する排出口５３を有する容器状の装置本体５１と、装置本体５１の内部で液体をノズル５４ｎから噴霧する液体噴霧部５４と、装置本体５１の底部に溜まった液体を吸引するポンプ５５と、吸引された液体を液体噴霧部５４に戻す循環路５６と、吸引された液体を外部に排出する排出路５７と、液体の流路を循環路５６と排出路５７との間で切り替える切替弁５８とを備えている。 In the gas-liquid contact step S5, the gas-liquid contact device 50 illustrated in FIG. 4 is used. The gas-liquid contact device 50 includes a container-like device main body 51 having an introduction port 52 for introducing a pyrolysis gas and a discharge port 53 for discharging the pyrolysis gas, and liquid from the nozzle 54n inside the device main body 51. Liquid spraying part 54 for spraying, pump 55 for sucking the liquid accumulated at the bottom of the apparatus main body 51, circulation path 56 for returning the sucked liquid to the liquid spraying part 54, and discharge for discharging the sucked liquid to the outside A path 57 and a switching valve 58 for switching the liquid flow path between the circulation path 56 and the discharge path 57 are provided.
　上記構成の気液接触装置５０の装置本体５１に、冷却装置から排出された熱分解ガスを導入すると、熱分解ガスはノズル５４ｎから噴霧された液体のミストと衝突し、熱分解ガス中の特定の成分が液体に捕集される。装置本体５１の底部に溜まった液体は、循環路５６を介して再びノズル５４ｎから噴霧され、新たに導入された熱分解ガスと接触し、熱分解ガス中の成分を捕集する。このサイクルにより、液体中に捕集された成分の濃度が高められたら、液体の流路を循環路５６から排出路５７に切り替え、液体を排出する。一方、液体と接触した後の熱分解ガスは、排出口５３から排出される。 When the pyrolysis gas discharged from the cooling device is introduced into the apparatus main body 51 of the gas-liquid contact apparatus 50 having the above-described configuration, the pyrolysis gas collides with the mist of the liquid sprayed from the nozzle 54n, and the pyrolysis gas is identified. Are collected in the liquid. The liquid accumulated at the bottom of the apparatus main body 51 is sprayed again from the nozzle 54n through the circulation path 56, comes into contact with the newly introduced pyrolysis gas, and collects the components in the pyrolysis gas. When the concentration of the component collected in the liquid is increased by this cycle, the liquid flow path is switched from the circulation path 56 to the discharge path 57, and the liquid is discharged. On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas after coming into contact with the liquid is discharged from the discharge port 53.
　気液接触装置５０の排出路５７を介して排出された液体を、遠心分離等により分離する工程Ｓ５ｂを経ることにより、液体から軽質油状物が分離される。この軽質油状物は、冷却工程Ｓ４で得られた重質油状物と比べると、極めて粘度が小さい（水の粘度と略等しい粘度）。また、この軽質油状物は着火または発火により燃焼するため、液体燃料として使用することが可能である。加えて、このように鶏糞を原料として得られた軽質油状物は、軽油と混合することが可能である。 The light oily matter is separated from the liquid through the step S5b in which the liquid discharged through the discharge path 57 of the gas-liquid contact device 50 is separated by centrifugation or the like. This light oily substance has an extremely small viscosity (viscosity approximately equal to the viscosity of water) as compared with the heavy oily substance obtained in the cooling step S4. Moreover, since this light oily substance burns by ignition or ignition, it can be used as a liquid fuel. In addition, the light oil obtained from chicken dung as a raw material can be mixed with light oil.
　発電工程Ｓ６では、気液接触工程Ｓ５を経た熱分解ガスを、熱機関６１に供給する。上記のように、冷却工程Ｓ４及び気液接触工程Ｓ５を経た熱分解ガスは、タール分をほとんど含まず、ＣＯやＨ２等の高カロリーの可燃性ガスを主成分とするため、その燃焼による熱エネルギーを、効率よく電気エネルギーに変換することができる。 In the power generation step S <b> 6, the pyrolysis gas that has passed through the gas-liquid contact step S <b> 5 is supplied to the heat engine 61. As described above, the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the cooling step S4 and the gas-liquid contact step S5 contains almost no tar content, and is mainly composed of high-calorie combustible gas such as CO and H 2. Thermal energy can be efficiently converted into electrical energy.
　ここで、熱機関６１としては、ガスエンジンやガスタービンの他、スターリングエンジンを使用可能である。ここで、スターリングエンジンは、密閉された空間内の気体を、外側から、ある部分では加熱し他の部分では冷却することにより、気体を膨張・収縮させてピストンを動作させる外燃機関であるため、燃焼させるガスの自由度が高い利点がある。 Here, as the heat engine 61, a Stirling engine can be used in addition to a gas engine and a gas turbine. Here, the Stirling engine is an external combustion engine that operates the piston by expanding and contracting the gas by heating the gas in the sealed space from the outside and cooling the other part from the outside. There is an advantage that the degree of freedom of the gas to be burned is high.
　上記のように熱機関６１に熱分解ガスを供給して行う発電に加えて、熱分解ガスが供給された熱機関６１から排出される高温の排気を利用して水蒸気を発生させ、これを蒸気機関（蒸気タービン、蒸気往復動型熱機関）に供給して行う発電を、組み合わせて行うことができる。これにより、同量の熱分解ガスを、より大きい電気エネルギーに変換することができる。 In addition to the power generation performed by supplying the pyrolysis gas to the heat engine 61 as described above, steam is generated using the high-temperature exhaust discharged from the heat engine 61 to which the pyrolysis gas is supplied. Power generation performed by supplying to an engine (steam turbine, steam reciprocating heat engine) can be performed in combination. Thereby, the same amount of pyrolysis gas can be converted into larger electrical energy.
　なお、気液接触工程Ｓ５を経た熱分解ガスを発電工程Ｓ６に供する前に、ろ過材が充填された充填材層を通過させる精製工程を設けてもよい。このような精製工程により、それ以前の工程で熱分解ガスから液分（油分）を完全には除くことができなかった場合であっても、ろ過材によって捕集・除去される。また、熱機関６１に供給する前の熱分解ガスを、いったんガス容器に収容させておく貯留工程を設けてもよい。これにより、常に一定の圧力及び流量で、熱分解ガスを熱機関６１に供給することができる。 In addition, you may provide the refinement | purification process which passes the filler layer filled with the filter material, before providing pyrolysis gas which passed through gas-liquid contact process S5 to electric power generation process S6. Even if the liquid component (oil component) cannot be completely removed from the pyrolysis gas in the previous step by such a purification step, it is collected and removed by the filter medium. Moreover, you may provide the storage process which once accommodates the pyrolysis gas before supplying to the heat engine 61 in a gas container. Thus, the pyrolysis gas can be supplied to the heat engine 61 at a constant pressure and flow rate.
　熱回収工程Ｓ７では、発電工程Ｓ６で排出される廃熱を回収する。本実施形態の熱回収装置７０は、熱機関６１から排出される高温の排気を、配管を介して移送するブロワ７１と、移送された排気を水と熱交換させて温水とする熱交換器７２を備えている。また、熱機関６１としてのエンジンを冷却した冷却水を、温水として回収する。更に、冷却工程Ｓ４において、熱分解ガスを流通させる流通路を冷却するために使用して高温となった水も、温水として回収する。 In the heat recovery step S7, the waste heat discharged in the power generation step S6 is recovered. The heat recovery apparatus 70 of the present embodiment includes a blower 71 that transfers high-temperature exhaust discharged from the heat engine 61 via a pipe, and a heat exchanger 72 that exchanges heat with the transferred exhaust to make hot water. It has. Moreover, the cooling water which cooled the engine as the heat engine 61 is collect | recovered as warm water. Furthermore, in the cooling step S4, water that has been used to cool the flow passage through which the pyrolysis gas flows is also recovered as hot water.
　本実施形態の熱回収装置７０は、回収された温水を、乾燥装置１０の板状体２２の裏面に配された前述のチューブ２８に送る温水送り装置７３を備えている。温水送り装置７３は、熱回収装置７０において温水が収容されたタンク（図示しない）とチューブ２８とをつなぐ配管、ポンプ、流量制御装置、複数のチューブ２８間で流路を切り替え可能な弁体を有している。温水がチューブ２８内を流通する過程で、温水の有する熱は上述のように鶏糞の乾燥に使用される。すなわち、温水として回収された熱は、乾燥工程Ｓ１で鶏糞の乾燥に使用する「廃熱」として使用される。 The heat recovery device 70 of the present embodiment includes a hot water feeding device 73 that sends the recovered hot water to the tube 28 arranged on the back surface of the plate-like body 22 of the drying device 10. The hot water feeding device 73 includes a pipe, a pump, a flow rate control device, and a valve body that can switch the flow path between the plurality of tubes 28, connecting the tank (not shown) in which the hot water is stored in the heat recovery device 70 and the tube 28. Have. During the process of warm water flowing through the tube 28, the heat of the warm water is used to dry the chicken manure as described above. That is, the heat recovered as hot water is used as “waste heat” used for drying chicken manure in the drying step S1.
　更に、本実施形態の熱回収装置７０は、熱機関６１から排出される高温の排気を、高温の排気の形態で移送し回収するブロワ７５を備えている。高温の排気は、乾燥装置１０の乾燥室１１に送風機１３で送り込むことにより、鶏糞の乾燥に使用することができる。すなわち、高温のガスの形態のまま回収された熱は、乾燥工程Ｓ１で鶏糞の乾燥に使用する「廃熱」として使用される。 Furthermore, the heat recovery apparatus 70 of this embodiment includes a blower 75 that transfers and recovers high-temperature exhaust discharged from the heat engine 61 in the form of high-temperature exhaust. The high-temperature exhaust can be used for drying chicken droppings by sending it to the drying chamber 11 of the drying apparatus 10 with the blower 13. That is, the heat recovered in the form of high-temperature gas is used as “waste heat” used for drying chicken manure in the drying step S1.
　以上のように、本実施形態の鶏糞処理方法及び鶏糞処理システム１によれば、乾燥工程Ｓ１、前処理工程Ｓ２、ガス化・炭化工程Ｓ３、冷却工程Ｓ４、気液接触工程Ｓ５、発電工程Ｓ６という一連の工程で鶏糞を処理することにより、鶏糞をエネルギー源として、炭化物、酢液、油状物質（重質油状物、軽質油状物）、電気、熱、という五つのエネルギー資源に変換することができる。これにより、鶏糞の用途が多様なものとなり、養鶏場から多量に排出される鶏糞を、エネルギー源として有効に活用することができる。 As described above, according to the chicken manure treatment method and the chicken manure treatment system 1 of the present embodiment, the drying step S1, the pretreatment step S2, the gasification / carbonization step S3, the cooling step S4, the gas-liquid contact step S5, and the power generation step S6. By processing chicken manure in a series of processes, it can be converted into five energy resources: charcoal, vinegar, oil (heavy oil, light oil), electricity, and heat using chicken manure as an energy source. it can. Thereby, the use of chicken manure becomes various, and the chicken manure discharged | emitted in large quantities from a poultry farm can be utilized effectively as an energy source.
　本実施形態の鶏糞処理システム１におけるエネルギー収支の例を、以下に示す。
乾燥された鶏糞の供給量：１５０ｋｇ／ｈ、６００，０００ｋｃａｌ／ｈ
炭化物の排出量：３８ｋｇ／ｈ、２６２，５００ｋｃａｌ／ｈ
酢液の回収量：３０Ｌ／ｈ
重質油状物の回収量：３Ｌ／ｈ、２２，５００ｋｃａｌ／ｈ
軽質油状物の回収量：７．５Ｌ／ｈ、３７，５００ｋｃａｌ／ｈ
発電の出力：７５ｋＷ
廃熱の回収量：１８７，５００ｋｃａｌ／ｈ An example of the energy balance in the chicken manure processing system 1 of the present embodiment is shown below.
Supply amount of dried chicken manure: 150 kg / h, 600,000 kcal / h
Carbide emissions: 38 kg / h, 262,500 kcal / h
Amount of vinegar recovered: 30 L / h
Recovery amount of heavy oil: 3 L / h, 22,500 kcal / h
Amount of recovered light oil: 7.5 L / h, 37,500 kcal / h
Power output: 75kW
Waste heat recovery: 187,500 kcal / h
　以上、本発明について好適な実施形態を挙げて説明したが、本発明は上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において、種々の改良及び設計の変更が可能である。 Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various improvements and design changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It is.
　例えば、本発明者らの検討により、鶏糞を原料として得られた軽質油状物は、それ自体が燃料となることに加え、木質チップや紙など他のバイオマスを同様の処理方法及び処理システムで処理した場合に得られる軽質油状物とは異なり、軽油と容易に混合することが確認された。従って、鶏糞を原料として得られた軽質油状物に軽油を補助燃料として混合することにより、ディーゼルエンジンに供給して発電を行うことができる（図１における破線矢印を参照）。 For example, the light oil obtained from chicken manure as a raw material by the study of the present inventors, in addition to being a fuel itself, other biomass such as wood chips and paper is treated with the same treatment method and treatment system. Unlike the light oil obtained in this case, it was confirmed that it was easily mixed with the light oil. Therefore, by mixing light oil as a supplementary fuel with light oil obtained from chicken manure as a raw material, power can be supplied to the diesel engine (see broken line arrows in FIG. 1).

Claims (6)

  1. 　鶏糞を廃熱により乾燥させる乾燥工程と、
    　乾燥された鶏糞を熱分解させ、熱分解ガスと炭化物とを得るガス化・炭化工程と、
    　該ガス化・炭化工程を経た熱分解ガスを冷却し、凝集成分を分離して酢液及び重質油状物を得る冷却工程と、
    　該冷却工程を経た熱分解ガスを液体と接触させ、軽質油状物を捕集する気液接触工程と、
    　該気液接触工程を経た熱分解ガスを熱機関に供給し、該熱機関で発電機を駆動して発電する発電工程と、
    　該発電工程で排出される熱を回収する熱回収工程と
    を具備することを特徴とする鶏糞処理方法。     A drying process for drying chicken dung with waste heat;
    A gasification and carbonization process for pyrolyzing dried chicken manure to obtain pyrolysis gas and carbide;
    Cooling the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the gasification and carbonization step, separating the agglomerated components to obtain a vinegar and heavy oil,
    A gas-liquid contact step in which the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the cooling step is brought into contact with a liquid to collect a light oil;
    A power generation step of supplying the pyrolysis gas that has undergone the gas-liquid contact step to a heat engine, and driving the generator with the heat engine to generate power;
    And a heat recovery process for recovering heat discharged in the power generation process.
  2. 　前記気液接触工程で捕集された軽質油状物を軽油と混合し、ディーゼルエンジンに供給して発電する第二発電工程を、更に具備する
    ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の鶏糞処理方法。     The chicken manure treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising a second power generation step of mixing the light oil collected in the gas-liquid contact step with light oil and supplying the diesel oil to a diesel engine to generate electric power. .
  3. 　前記ガス化・炭化工程に先立ち、前記乾燥工程を経た鶏糞の粒度を５ｍｍ～１０ｍｍに調整する前処理工程を、更に具備する
    ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の鶏糞処理方法。     2. The chicken manure treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising a pretreatment step of adjusting the particle size of the chicken manure after the drying step to 5 mm to 10 mm prior to the gasification and carbonization step.
  4. 　前記ガス化・炭化工程に先立ち、前記乾燥工程を経た鶏糞の粒度を５ｍｍ～１０ｍｍに調整する前処理工程を、更に具備する
    ことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の鶏糞処理方法。     3. The chicken manure treatment method according to claim 2, further comprising a pretreatment step of adjusting the particle size of the chicken manure after the drying step to 5 to 10 mm prior to the gasification and carbonization step.
  5. 　通気孔を有する板状体、及び、該板状体に載置された鶏糞に、廃熱を有する空気を前記通気孔を介して送風する送風機を有する乾燥装置と、
    　乾燥された鶏糞を投入する投入口、及び、鶏糞の熱分解により発生した熱分解ガスを排出する排出口が上部に形成されていると共に、鶏糞が炭化した炭化物を搬出する搬出部が下部に形成されている熱分解炉、該熱分解炉の炉壁を外部から加熱する外部加熱部、及び、酸素を含む気体を前記熱分解炉に下方から供給する酸素供給部を有するガス化・炭化装置と、
    　該ガス化・炭化装置を経た熱分解ガスを流通させる流通路を有し、該流通路を冷却する冷却装置と、
    　該冷却装置を経た熱分解ガスを導入する容器状の装置本体、及び、該装置本体内にノズルを介して液体を噴霧する液体噴霧部を有する気液接触装置と、
    　該気液接触装置を経た熱分解ガスの有する熱エネルギーを機械的エネルギーに変換する熱機関、及び、該熱機関により駆動される発電機を有する発電装置と、
    　該発電装置から排出される熱を回収する熱回収装置と
    を具備することを特徴とする鶏糞処理システム。     A plate-like body having a ventilation hole, and a drying apparatus having a blower that blows air having waste heat through the ventilation hole to chicken manure placed on the plate-like body;
    An inlet for feeding dried chicken manure and an outlet for discharging pyrolysis gas generated by the thermal decomposition of chicken manure are formed at the top, and a carry-out section for carrying out carbonized char from chicken manure is formed at the bottom A gasification / carbonization apparatus having an external heating unit that heats a furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace from the outside, and an oxygen supply unit that supplies a gas containing oxygen to the pyrolysis furnace from below ,
    A cooling device having a flow passage for circulating the pyrolysis gas that has passed through the gasification / carbonization device, and cooling the flow passage;
    A container-like device main body for introducing the pyrolysis gas that has passed through the cooling device, and a gas-liquid contact device having a liquid spraying section for spraying liquid through the nozzle in the device main body,
    A heat engine that converts thermal energy of the pyrolysis gas that has passed through the gas-liquid contact device into mechanical energy, and a power generation device that includes a generator driven by the heat engine;
    A chicken dung processing system comprising: a heat recovery device that recovers heat discharged from the power generation device.
  6. 　前記乾燥装置は、前記板状体の裏面に配されたチューブを有しており、
    　前記熱回収装置は、前記発電装置から排出される熱の少なくとも一部を温水として回収すると共に、回収した温水を前記乾燥装置の前記チューブに送る温水送り装置を有する
    ことを特徴とする請求項５に記載の鶏糞処理システム。     The drying device has a tube disposed on the back surface of the plate-like body,
    6. The heat recovery apparatus includes a hot water feeding device that recovers at least a part of heat discharged from the power generation device as hot water and sends the recovered hot water to the tube of the drying device. The chicken dung processing system described in 1.
PCT/JP2014/065468 2013-12-13 2014-06-11 Poultry manure treatment method and poultry manure treatment system WO2015087568A1 (en)

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