CN110295063B

CN110295063B - Biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system and method

Info

Publication number: CN110295063B
Application number: CN201910717339.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张瑞亮
Original assignee: Qingdao Delui Huifeng Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Derui Huifeng Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2019-08-05
Filing date: 2019-08-05
Publication date: 2020-05-12
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-05
Also published as: CN110295063A

Abstract

The invention provides a system and a method for co-producing hot carbon by a biomass external heating method, which are characterized in that: comprises a feeding mechanism, a carbonization system, a discharging mechanism, a biomass gasification system, a waste gas incinerator, a steam generator and an external heating furnace which are connected in sequence. The invention adopts fuel gas generated after gasification of biomass raw materials such as straw particles, wood chips, coconut shells and livestock excrement as fuel of a carbonization system, has wide fuel source, is economic and environment-friendly, does not increase carbon emission, has compact structure of the carbonization system, adopts spiral structure design in the carbonization system, improves the heat transfer efficiency of materials, preheats and recovers high-temperature flue gas generated after reaction by using a steam generator, improves the heat efficiency of the whole system, can use generated steam for heat supply or as a steam source of a subsequent process, has wide application, adopts automatic control in the whole system, and has stable performance.

Description

Biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of agricultural solid wastes, and particularly relates to a system and a method for co-producing hot carbon by a biomass external heating method.

Background

In recent years, agriculture in China is continuously and stably developed, wherein the level of large-scale cultivation is obviously improved, the supply of meat, eggs and milk is guaranteed, but a large amount of agricultural wastes are not effectively treated and utilized, and the method becomes a big problem of rural environment management. The method has the advantages of grasping the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, being related to the effective supply of agricultural products and being related to the improvement of production and living environments of rural residents, and being a significant civil engineering.

At present, the livestock and poultry breeding waste resource utilization mode in the market mainly comprises biogas engineering and composting, and the two modes not only consume a large amount of land resources but also cause secondary pollution. Compared with the mode of carbonization, the method is more economical and environment-friendly, and the generated carbide can be used as high-value-added products such as activated carbon, soil remediation agent, carbon-based fertilizer and the like.

Three technical pain points of carbonization equipment or pyrolysis equipment in the market at present limit the development of the carbonization equipment or the pyrolysis equipment:

1. the carbonization equipment on the market at present uses fuel oil or fuel gas as fuel, and the operation cost is very high;

2. the heat utilization rate of the system is very low, so that great energy waste is caused;

3. the carbonization efficiency of the system is very low, and the economy is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at the market demand and the pain point of the prior art, and provides a biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system and method. The generated steam can be used for heat supply or used as a steam source of a subsequent process, the application is wide, the whole system adopts automatic control, and the performance is stable.

The utility model provides a hot charcoal coproduction system of external heating method of living beings, includes charge-in system, carbonization system, discharge system, living beings gasification system, waste gas incineration system, steam generation system and external heating system, charge-in system's material export and carbonization headtotail, the waste outlet and the discharge system of carbonization system are connected, and the exhanst gas outlet and the flue gas entry linkage of waste gas incineration system of carbonization system, the exhanst gas outlet and the external heating headtotail of waste gas incineration system, the gas export of living beings gasification system is connected with the gas entry of waste gas incineration system and external heating system respectively, the exhanst gas outlet and the steam generation headtotail of external heating system.

Preferably, the carbonization system comprises a feeding mechanism, a batching mechanism, a carbonization reactor, an exhaust pipeline a, an exhaust pipeline b and a material collecting mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a hopper and a stirrer, the batching mechanism is arranged below the feeding mechanism, the batching mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of spiral blade assemblies with opposite rotation directions, the carbonization reactor is a plurality of cylinder assemblies, and a plurality of sections of blades and spiral blades and a plurality of axial blades with different screw pitches are arranged in the cylinder assemblies.

Preferably, the carbonisation reactor comprises two side-by-side cylinder assemblies.

Preferably, the cylindrical component of the carbonization reactor is provided with three sections of helical blades with different specifications.

Preferably, the height and pitch of the helical blades decrease sequentially from the feed end to the discharge end of the barrel.

Preferably, the first helical blade region of the helical blade inside the cylinder is provided with a plurality of axial blades, and the axial blades are uniformly arranged along the axial direction.

Preferably, the biomass gasification system comprises a hopper, a gasification reactor, a slag bucket, a cyclone dust collector and an air preheater, the lower part of the hopper is a drying chamber, a spiral feeder is arranged in the drying chamber, an outlet of the spiral feeder is connected with a material inlet of the gasification reactor, a gas outlet of the gasification reactor is connected with a gas inlet of the cyclone dust collector, a slag removing port of the gasification reactor is connected with the slag bucket, a gas outlet of the cyclone dust collector is connected with a gas inlet of the drying chamber, a gas outlet of the drying chamber is connected with a gas inlet of the air preheater, and a gas outlet of the air preheater is connected with a waste gas incineration system and an external heating system.

Preferably, the inner wall of the drying chamber clamping cavity shell is provided with a plurality of small holes communicated with the drying chamber.

Preferably, the pores have a pore size and/or number that increases gradually along the direction of movement of the biomass particles.

Preferably, the size and/or number of the pores increases with increasing magnitude along the direction of movement of the biomass particles.

Preferably, the external heating system comprises a heat insulation cavity surrounding a carbonization reactor cylinder, refractory materials are laid in the cavity, the lower portion of the cavity is a base of the whole system, a gas burner is arranged at one end of the cavity and connected with a gas outlet of an air preheater through a pipeline, the gas burner comprises an automatic igniter and a flame monitor, a flue gas inlet is formed in the side face of the cavity and connected with a waste gas burning system, and a flue gas outlet is formed in the top of the cavity and connected with a flue gas inlet of a steam generation system through a pipeline.

The biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) the materials in the storage bin enter a sealing hopper of a feeding system for temporary storage in a mechanical conveying mode and are conveyed to a feeding hole of a carbonization system through a spiral conveying mechanism;

(2) the carbonization system receives materials from the feeding system, a vibrator and a stirrer are arranged in a feeding mechanism of the carbonization system to avoid the blockage of the materials, a batching mechanism is arranged below the feeding mechanism, the materials are uniformly distributed into two cylinder assemblies of the carbonization reactor by the batching mechanism, and the materials in the cylinders move forward under the drive of the helical blades;

(3) the materials are heated in the high-temperature flue gas atmosphere of the cavity of the external heating system in the cylinder component of the carbonization reactor, the temperature of the materials in the cylinder is gradually increased in the forward moving process, and the following reactions occur:

volatilizing free water in the material at 100-150 ℃;

at 150-200 ℃, the compound water in the material volatilizes, and a small amount of micromolecules volatilize and are analyzed;

volatilizing micromolecule volatile components in the material at 200-350 ℃;

volatilizing macromolecular volatile components in the material at 350-450 ℃ to obtain a final activated carbonized product;

the material collecting mechanism collects the obtained carbonized product and then sends the carbonized product into a discharging system;

in the process: the reaction process of the materials in the reactor is completed in stages, which is beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency and the heat energy utilization rate;

(4) the discharging system receives the high-temperature carbide from the carbonization system, cools the high-temperature carbide and then conveys the cooled high-temperature carbide out of the system;

(5) volatile gas generated by the materials in the carbonization reactor is collected through an exhaust pipeline a and an exhaust pipeline b and then is sent into a waste gas incineration system;

(6) biomass materials such as straw particles, crushed coconut shells and wood chips are mechanically or manually fed into a biomass gasification system, the materials are subjected to drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction reactions in sequence under the high-temperature atmosphere of a reactor to generate combustible gas, and the combustible gas is dedusted and cooled and then fed into an external heating system and a waste gas incineration system through pipelines to serve as heat source fuel;

(7) the waste gas incineration system receives waste gas generated by the carbonization system, combustible gas from the biomass gasification system is ignited by a burner to burn the waste gas in the cylindrical shell, and high-temperature flue gas which is completely burned is introduced into the external heating system; in the process: maintaining a high-temperature atmosphere of 850-900 ℃ in the cylindrical shell, wherein the effective volume of the cylindrical shell ensures that the waste gas stays in the shell for more than 2 seconds, so that harmful substances in the waste gas are fully decomposed;

(8) the outer thermal system receives the high temperature flue gas that comes from the waste gas system of burning, heats carbonization reactor drum subassembly, and the gas that comes from biomass gasification system is as auxiliary fuel, maintains the high temperature atmosphere that is 550 ~ 600 ℃ in the outer thermal system thermal-insulated cavity, and the high temperature flue gas that has heated carbonization reactor is introduced into steam generation system, in this flow: the reactor is heated by high-temperature flue gas generated by a waste incineration system, the waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized, the utilization rate of heat energy is improved, and the consumption of extra fuel is greatly reduced;

(9) the steam generation system receives high-temperature flue gas from the external heating system at about 550 ℃, the flue gas indirectly exchanges heat with water in the shell in the heat exchange tube, the water is heated to about 150 ℃ to generate steam, and the generated steam is used for supplying heat or activating activated carbon; in the process: the steam is generated by utilizing the discharged high-temperature flue gas, the waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized, the heat energy utilization rate is greatly improved, and the economic benefit of the system is improved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

1. the biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system is more environment-friendly and efficient in biomass carbonization and gasification treatment, the generated flue gas is environment-friendly and utilized and is incinerated through the waste gas incineration system, the generated waste gas is less, meanwhile, high-heat flue gas generated by the waste gas incineration system enters the external heating system to heat the carbonization system, the efficiency and the heat energy utilization of the system are integrally improved, the system is economic and environment-friendly, and carbon emission is not increased;

2. compared with the prior art, the carbonization system has a compact structure, adopts a spiral structure design in the carbonization system, sequentially reduces the height and the pitch of the spiral blades from the material inlet end to the material outlet end, improves the heat transfer efficiency of the materials, ensures the full reaction of the materials, preheats and recovers high-temperature flue gas generated after the reaction is finished by using a steam generator, and improves the heat efficiency of the whole system;

3. compared with the prior art, the jacket cavity inner wall of the drying chamber is provided with a plurality of small holes, the small holes are uniquely designed, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, the gas in the drying chamber in the flow is in direct contact with the biomass particles, tar and dust in the gas are adsorbed, the cleanliness of the gas is improved, the particles are heated and evaporated to dryness more fully, the cleanliness of the gas is further improved, the combustion efficiency of the gas is improved, and the efficiency of the whole system is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a main body of a biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a feeding system in a biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a carbonization system in a biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a discharging system in a biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a biomass gasification system in a biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a top view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a waste gas incineration system in a biomass external heat carbon co-production system according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a top view of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an external heating system in a biomass external heating carbon cogeneration system of the invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a steam generation system in a biomass external heat carbon co-production system according to the present invention;

and (4) marking and explaining: the device comprises a feeding system 10, a sealing hopper 11, a spiral conveyor 12, a driving motor 13 and supporting legs 14; the system comprises a carbonization system 20, a feeding mechanism 21, a batching mechanism 22, a carbonization reactor 23, a material collecting mechanism 24, an exhaust pipeline a25, an exhaust pipeline b26, a hopper 27 and a stirrer 28; the device comprises a discharging system 30, a screw conveyor 31, a jacket 32, a driving motor 33 and supporting legs 34; a biomass gasification system 40, a hopper 41, a gasification reactor 42, a slag bucket 43, a cyclone 44, an air preheater 45, a ladder stand 46, a drying chamber 47 and a screw feeder 48; an exhaust gas incineration system 50; an external thermal system 60; steam generating system 70, left pipe box 71, shell pass 72, right pipe box 73, wire mesh demister 74 and support 75.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The following describes a biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system with reference to the attached drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the system for co-producing heat and carbon by biomass external heating method includes a feeding system 10, a carbonization system 20, a discharging system 30, a biomass gasification system 40, a waste gas incineration system 50, an external heating system 60, and a steam generation system 70, wherein a material outlet of the feeding system 10 is connected with the carbonization system 20, a waste material outlet of the carbonization system 20 is connected with the discharging system 30, a flue gas outlet of the carbonization system 20 is connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste gas incineration system 50, a flue gas outlet of the waste gas incineration system 50 and a gas outlet of the biomass gasification system 40 are connected with the external heating system 60, and a flue gas outlet of the external heating system 60 is connected with the steam generation system 70. Above living beings external heating method heat charcoal coproduction system is environmental protection high-efficient more to the processing of biomass carbonization and gasification, and the flue gas environmental protection of production utilizes through the waste gas system of burning, and produced waste gas still less, and the high fever flue gas that the waste gas system of burning produced simultaneously gets into external heating system, heats the carbonization system, and the efficiency and the heat energy utilization of whole improvement system.

As shown in fig. 3, the feeding system comprises a seal hopper 11, a screw conveyor 12, a driving motor 13 and a support leg 14, wherein the screw conveyor 12 is composed of a cylindrical shell and an internal spiral vane assembly, the screw conveyor 12 is powered by the driving motor 13, and the outlet of the screw conveyor is connected with the inlet of a feeding mechanism 21 of a carbonization system 20.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the carbonization system 20 includes a feeding mechanism 21, a dosing mechanism 22, a carbonization reactor 23, a material collecting mechanism 24, an exhaust pipe a25 and an exhaust pipe b26, where the exhaust pipe a25 outputs low-temperature gas, mainly water vapor, and the exhaust pipe b26 outputs high-temperature gas, and the two gases are mixed and then enter the waste gas incineration system, the feeding mechanism includes a hopper 27 and a stirrer 28, the dosing mechanism 22 is below the feeding mechanism 21, the core component of the dosing mechanism is composed of two or more sets of helical blade assemblies with opposite rotation directions, the carbonization reactor 23 is two side-by-side cylinder assemblies, and each cylinder has three or more segments of cylinder assemblies, and helical blades with different pitch and a certain number of axial blades inside.

Preferably, a plurality of groups of cylinder assemblies can be arranged in the carbonization reactor and are arranged as required.

Preferably, the height and pitch of the helical blades inside the cylindrical assembly of the carbonisation reactor 23 decrease in sequence from the feed end to the discharge end. Through above design, the material advances the rising of in-process heating temperature, and the volatile component in the material constantly separates out, and the material can be cracked into little particulate matter at the in-process of high temperature atmosphere motion, and the volume that occupies of material is reducing, and helical blade's height and pitch reduce in proper order and can guarantee that the material fully reacts and heating efficiency.

Preferably, the first helical blade region of the helical blades inside the cylindrical assembly of the carbonisation reactor 23 is provided with a number of axial blades, which are uniformly arranged in the axial direction. Through the setting of axial blade, the material reaction initial stage can make the material layer more stable, keeps the homogeneity of material layer to make the material reaction more abundant.

A method for controlling the time of biomass in a carbonization reactor is controlled by the following steps: the residence time of the material in the carbonization reactor is determined by the average particle size and the water content of the material, and the relevance is described by the following equation:

t=a*m*e^d/m+ b formula wherein: "+" stands for multiply and "/" stands for divide;

t is the residence time of the material in the reactor, unit min;

a is a material particle size correlation constant, and a =52.131 is taken;

b is a material water content correlation constant, and b =15.260 is taken;

e is a natural constant, and e =2.718 is taken;

d is the average grain diameter of the material, and d is more than or equal to 0.003 and less than or equal to 0.05 in the unit m;

m is the moisture content of the dry basis of the material, and m is not less than 0.05 and not more than 0.8.

Preferably 0.010. ltoreq. d.ltoreq.0.045; m is more than or equal to 10 percent and less than or equal to 65 percent.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: d is more than or equal to 0.022 and less than or equal to 0.04; m is more than or equal to 15 percent and less than or equal to 45 percent.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: d is more than or equal to 0.025 and less than or equal to 0.035; m is more than or equal to 16 percent and less than or equal to 35 percent.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: d =0.03 and m = 30%.

t=a*m*e^d/mIn the formula, + b, t is a numerical value only.

Above to control mode of living beings dwell time in carbonization reactor, the inventor is original, through a large amount of experiments, the labour achievement that many times verification obtained, through the control to the material dwell time in the carbonization system, the carbonization degree of control material that can be more efficient, heat with the best time, consume minimum heat energy, produce the best carbonization effect, carbonization efficiency is than the optimum, produce the flue gas of the more environmental protection of being convenient for to utilize more simultaneously, improve the carbonization efficiency of material.

As shown in fig. 6, the discharging system 30 includes a screw conveyor 31, a jacket 32, a driving motor 33, and a leg 34, and the screw conveyor 31 is driven by the driving motor 33. The inlet of which is connected with the outlet of the material collecting mechanism 24 of the carbonization system 20. In the jacket 32 of the discharge system is flowing cooling water for cooling the carbonized product at high temperature.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the biomass gasification system 40 supplies fuel to the whole system, and comprises a hopper 41, a gasification reactor 42, a slag bucket 43, a cyclone 44, an air preheater 45 and a ladder stand 46. The lower part of the hopper 41 is provided with a drying chamber 47 which is connected with a gas inlet of an air preheater through a pipeline, and the inside of the drying chamber is provided with a screw feeder 48. The outlet 48 of the screw feeder is connected with the material inlet of the gasification reactor. The gas outlet of the gasification reactor 42 is connected to a cyclone 44. The slag removing port of the gasification reactor 42 is connected with a slag barrel 43. The gas outlet of the gasification system is arranged at the lower pipe box of the air preheater 45 and is connected with the waste gas incineration system 50 and the external heating system 60 through pipelines.

Preferably, the inner wall of a jacket cavity of the drying chamber is provided with a plurality of small holes, fuel gas in the drying chamber in the process directly contacts with biomass particles, tar and dust in the fuel gas are adsorbed, the cleanliness of the fuel gas is improved, the particles are heated and dried to dryness more fully, and in order to further improve the cleanliness of the fuel gas, a fuel gas outlet of the drying chamber can be provided with a filtering device.

Preferably, the pores have a pore size and/or number that increases gradually along the direction of movement of the biomass particles. The gas quantity entering the drying chamber is increased mainly along the moving direction of the biomass particles through the gradual increase of the pore diameter and/or the quantity of the pores, so that the heat exchange capacity is continuously increased along the moving direction of the biomass particles, a similar countercurrent heat exchange effect is formed, and the heat exchange capacity is improved.

Preferably, the size and/or number of the pores increases with increasing magnitude along the direction of movement of the biomass particles. Mainly along the direction of motion of living beings granule, through aperture and/or the quantity grow of the range of gradually increasing of aperture, the quantity that increases the constantly increasing of the volume of the gas that gets into in the drying chamber is bigger and bigger to the direction of motion along living beings granule that makes, the range grow of the continuous increase of heat transfer ability forms more stable adverse current heat transfer effect, thereby improves heat transfer ability. The above technical features are obtained by a great deal of research by the applicant, and are not common knowledge in the art, and the heat exchange effect improved by about 10% can be achieved by increasing the range.

Preferably, the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the drying chamber are provided on a side wall parallel to the conveyor.

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the exhaust gas incineration system 50 is connected to an exhaust line a25 and an exhaust line b26 of the carbonization system. The main structure of the exhaust incineration system 50 is a cylindrical shell, inside which refractory material is laid. The waste gas incineration system is provided with a gas burner and is connected with a gas outlet of the biomass gasification system through a pipeline. The gas burner comprises an automatic igniter and a flame monitor. And a flue gas outlet of the waste gas incineration system is connected with an external heating system.

As shown in fig. 11, the external thermal system 60 comprises an insulated chamber disposed around the carbonization reactor cylinder, inside which a refractory material is laid; the lower part of the cavity is used for accommodating a base of the whole system; one end of the cavity is provided with a gas burner. The gas burner is connected with a gas outlet of the biomass gasification system through a pipeline. The gas burner comprises an automatic igniter and a flame monitor. The side of the cavity is provided with a flue gas inlet connected with a waste gas incineration system. The top of the cavity is provided with a flue gas outlet which is connected with a flue gas inlet of the steam generation system 70 through a pipeline.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 12, the steam generating system 70 includes a left pipe box 71, a shell pass 72, a right pipe box 73, a wire mesh demister 74, and a support 75, wherein the left pipe box 71 is provided with a flue gas inlet and is connected with the flue gas outlet of the external heating system 60 through a pipeline. The right tube box 73 is provided with a smoke outlet and is connected with an induced draft fan through a pipeline. The bracket 75 may also be other fasteners that secure the steam generating system to the external heating system.

The biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production method comprises the following steps:

(1) the material in the storage bin enters a sealing hopper 11 of a feeding system 10 for temporary storage in a mechanical conveying mode, and is conveyed to a feeding hole of a carbonization system 20 through a screw conveyor 12.

In the process: the interior of the sealing hopper 11 is in a micro negative pressure state, so that the contaminated gas is prevented from leaking out to pollute the air.

(2) The carbonization system receives material from the feed system 10. A vibrator and a stirrer are arranged in the feeding mechanism 21 of the carbonization system 20, so that the blockage of materials is avoided. Below the feed mechanism 21 is a dosing mechanism 22, from which dosing mechanism 22 the material is evenly distributed into the two cylinder assemblies of the carbonisation reactor 23. The material in the barrel is driven by the helical blade to move forward.

In the process: the cylinder assembly is driven by the motor to rotate at a certain rotating speed, the rotating speed of the cylinder assembly is set according to components such as the water content of the entering materials, the reaction efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the materials with different components are guaranteed to fully react in the reactor.

(3) The material is heated in the cylindrical assembly of the carbonization reactor in a high temperature flue gas atmosphere in the cavity of the external thermal system 60. The temperature of the material in the cylinder gradually increases during the forward movement, and the following reaction occurs:

volatilizing free water in the material at 100-150 ℃;

volatilizing micromolecule volatile components in the material at 200-350 ℃;

and volatilizing macromolecular volatile components in the material at 350-450 ℃ to obtain a final activated carbonized product. The material collecting mechanism 24 collects the obtained carbonized product and sends the carbonized product into the discharging system 30.

In the process: the reaction process of the materials in the reactor is completed by stages, which is beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency and the heat energy utilization rate.

(4) The discharging system 30 receives the high-temperature carbide from the carbonization system, cools and then conveys the high-temperature carbide out of the system. In the jacket 32 of the discharge system is flowing cooling water for cooling the carbonized product at high temperature so that the carbonized product temperature discharged from the system is below 60 ℃.

(5) The volatile gases generated in the carbonization reactor 23 are collected by the exhaust line a25 and the exhaust line b26 and sent to the waste gas incineration system 50.

(6) Biomass materials such as straw particles, crushed coconut shells, crushed wood chips and the like are mechanically or manually fed into the biomass gasification system 40. The material undergoes drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction reactions in sequence in the high temperature atmosphere of the gasification reactor 42 to produce combustible gas. After dust removal and cooling, the combustible gas is sent to the external heating system 60 and the waste gas incineration system 50 through pipelines to be used as heat source fuel.

In the process: utilize gasification system to gasify biomass materials such as straw granule into the heat source fuel that combustible gas regarded as the carbonization system, compare prior art and use fossil fuel such as diesel oil, petrol, can not increase carbon emission, more economic environmental protection.

(7) The exhaust gas incineration system 50 receives exhaust gas generated from the carbonization system. Combustible gas from the biomass gasification system is ignited by burners to burn the exhaust gases in the cylindrical shell. The high-temperature flue gas completely combusted is introduced into the external heating system 60;

in the process: the cylinder shell is maintained at 850-900 ℃ high temperature, and the effective volume of the cylinder shell ensures that the waste gas stays in the shell for more than 2S, so that harmful substances in the waste gas are fully decomposed.

(8) The external heating system 60 receives high temperature flue gas from the flue gas incineration system 50 and heats the carbonization reactor cylinder assembly. The fuel gas from the biomass gasification system 40 is used as an auxiliary fuel to maintain the high-temperature atmosphere at 550-600 ℃ in the heat insulation cavity of the external heating system 60. The heated high temperature flue gas from the carbonization reactor is directed to a steam generation system 70.

In the process: the reactor of the carbonization system is heated by high-temperature flue gas generated by the waste incineration system, the waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized, the heat energy utilization rate is improved, and the consumption of additional fuel is greatly reduced.

(9) The steam generation system 70 receives high temperature flue gas at around 550 ℃ from the external heating system 60. The flue gas exchanges heat with water in the shell in the heat exchange tube indirectly, and the water is heated to about 150 ℃ to generate steam. The generated steam is used to heat or activate the activated carbon.

In the process: the steam is generated by utilizing the discharged high-temperature flue gas, the waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized, the heat energy utilization rate is greatly improved, and the economic benefit of the system is improved.

1. the reactor is heated by fully utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas, the heat utilization rate is high, and the fuel consumption is greatly reduced;

2. the biomass gasification reactor has higher efficiency, more compact system structure, equal treatment scale and small occupied area which is only 25 percent of the equipment in the prior art;

3. the biomass gasification system is used for providing fuel for the carbonization system, so that the carbonization system is more economical and environment-friendly;

4. the waste heat of the discharged smoke is utilized to produce the byproduct steam, and the economic benefit of the system is greatly improved.

It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system comprises a feeding system, a carbonization system, a discharging system, a biomass gasification system, a waste gas incineration system, a steam generation system and an external heating system, wherein a material outlet of the feeding system is connected with the carbonization system, and a material outlet of the carbonization system is connected with the discharging system;

the carbonization system comprises a feeding mechanism, a batching mechanism, a carbonization reactor, an exhaust pipeline a, an exhaust pipeline b and a material collecting mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a hopper and a stirrer, the batching mechanism is arranged below the feeding mechanism, the batching mechanism consists of a plurality of groups of spiral blade assemblies with opposite rotation directions, the carbonization reactor is a plurality of cylinder assemblies, and a plurality of sections of spiral blades and a plurality of axial blades are arranged in the cylinder assemblies;

the height and the pitch of the helical blades of the carbonization reactor cylinder assembly are sequentially reduced from the material inlet end to the material outlet end;

the biomass gasification system comprises a hopper, a gasification reactor, a slag bucket, a cyclone dust collector and an air preheater, wherein the lower part of the hopper is a drying chamber, a spiral feeder is arranged inside the drying chamber, the outlet of the spiral feeder is connected with the material inlet of the gasification reactor, the gas outlet of the gasification reactor is connected with the gas inlet of the cyclone dust collector, the slag removing port of the gasification reactor is connected with the slag bucket, the gas outlet of the cyclone dust collector is connected with the gas inlet of the drying chamber, the gas outlet of the drying chamber is connected with the gas inlet of the air preheater, and the gas outlet of the air preheater is connected with a waste gas incineration system and an external heating system.

2. The system for co-production of heat and carbon from biomass by external heating according to claim 1, wherein the first helical blade region of the helical blades inside the cylindrical component is provided with a plurality of axial blades, and the axial blades are uniformly arranged along the axial direction.

3. The system for co-production of heat and carbon by biomass exothermal method according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the cavity housing of the drying chamber is provided with a plurality of small holes communicated with the drying chamber.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the size and/or number of the small holes are gradually increased along the moving direction of the biomass particles.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the pore size and/or number of the small pores are increased along the moving direction of biomass particles.

6. The system for co-production of hot char by biomass external heating method according to claim 1, wherein the external heating system comprises a heat insulation cavity surrounding a cylinder of the carbonization reactor, a refractory material is laid inside the cavity, the lower part of the cavity is a base of the whole system, one end of the cavity is provided with a gas burner, the gas burner is connected with a gas outlet of the air preheater through a pipeline, the gas burner comprises an automatic igniter and a flame monitor, a flue gas inlet is arranged on the side surface of the cavity and connected with a waste gas burning system, and a flue gas outlet is arranged on the top of the cavity and connected with a flue gas inlet of the steam generation system through a pipeline.

7. A biomass external heat method heat and charcoal co-production method of the biomass external heat method heat and charcoal co-production system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:

volatilizing free water in the material at 100-150 ℃;

volatilizing micromolecule volatile components in the material at 200-350 ℃;

(6) the biomass materials of straw particles, crushed coconut shells and crushed wood chips are mechanically or manually fed into a biomass gasification system, the materials are subjected to drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction reactions in sequence under the high-temperature atmosphere of a reactor to generate combustible gas, and the combustible gas is dedusted and cooled and then fed into an external heating system and a waste gas incineration system through pipelines to serve as heat source fuel;

(7) the waste gas incineration system receives waste gas generated by the carbonization system, combustible gas from the biomass gasification system is ignited by a burner to burn the waste gas in the cylindrical shell, and high-temperature flue gas which is completely burned is introduced into the external heating system;

(8) the external heating system receives high-temperature flue gas from the waste gas incineration system, heats a cylinder assembly of the carbonization reactor, fuel gas from the biomass gasification system is used as auxiliary fuel, high-temperature atmosphere at 550-600 ℃ in a heat insulation cavity of the external heating system is maintained, and the high-temperature flue gas after heating the carbonization reactor is guided into the steam generation system;

(9) the steam generation system receives high-temperature flue gas from the external heating system at about 550 ℃, the flue gas indirectly exchanges heat with water in the shell in the heat exchange pipe, and the water is heated to about 150 ℃ to generate steam which is used for supplying heat or activating the activated carbon.