WO2015074404A1 - 一种滚珠高速电主轴 - Google Patents
一种滚珠高速电主轴 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015074404A1 WO2015074404A1 PCT/CN2014/079296 CN2014079296W WO2015074404A1 WO 2015074404 A1 WO2015074404 A1 WO 2015074404A1 CN 2014079296 W CN2014079296 W CN 2014079296W WO 2015074404 A1 WO2015074404 A1 WO 2015074404A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air
- receiving cavity
- disposed
- bearing assembly
- electric spindle
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
- B23Q11/126—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only
- B23Q11/127—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only for cooling motors or spindles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ball high speed electric spindle, and more particularly to a ball high speed electric spindle with an air cooling system. Background technique
- the electric spindle is a new technology that has integrated machine tool spindles and spindle motors in the field of CNC machine tools in recent years. Since the electric spindle integrates the motor into the spindle unit and the rotation speed is high, a large amount of heat is generated during operation, causing the temperature rise of the electric spindle, which deteriorates the thermal characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the electric spindle, thereby affecting the normal operation of the electric spindle.
- a ball high-speed electric spindle comprises a body provided with a first receiving cavity, an aluminum water jacket, a bearing seat disposed between the body and the aluminum water jacket, a rotor shaft core, a motor, and a clamping tool for processing operations Tool change system and air cooling system.
- the body and the bearing seat are enclosed to form a second receiving cavity, and the bearing seat and the aluminum water jacket are encircled to form a third receiving cavity.
- the rotor core extends through the first receiving cavity, the second receiving cavity, and the third receiving cavity.
- the motor is disposed in the second receiving cavity for driving the rotor core to rotate.
- the air cooling system includes a fan disposed on the rotor core And a cooling air passage, the cooling air passage includes a plurality of air inlets disposed on the aluminum water jacket and communicating with the third receiving cavity, a plurality of air outlets disposed on the bearing seat, and a first ventilation connected between the plurality of air inlets and the air outlets Road.
- the fan is located in the third receiving cavity and is rotated together with the rotor core by the motor to introduce external air into the third receiving cavity through a plurality of air inlets, and the heat generated by the motor is discharged from the plurality of air outlets through the first air passage. .
- the second air passage is a plurality of heat dissipation ribs made of aluminum alloy disposed on the surface of the bearing housing.
- the rotor core is disposed in the direction of the first receiving cavity toward the third receiving cavity, and has three rows of lower bearing assemblies, a middle bearing assembly and an upper bearing assembly.
- the lower bearing assembly is disposed in the first receiving cavity, and the middle bearing assembly is disposed at the first
- the upper bearing assembly is disposed between the second receiving cavity and the third receiving cavity between the receiving cavity and the second receiving cavity.
- the upper bearing assembly, the middle bearing assembly, and the lower bearing assembly are all ceramic ball bearings.
- the upper bearing assembly includes two ceramic ball bearings
- the middle bearing assembly includes a ceramic ball bearing
- the lower bearing assembly includes two ceramic ball bearings.
- a ball high-speed electric spindle further includes a gas sealing system
- the air sealing system includes an air inlet, an air flow passage, an air flow slot and an air outlet, which are disposed on the body and communicate with the first receiving cavity, and the air flow channel communicates with the air inlet and the lower air
- the bearing assembly is away from one end of the bottom of the first receiving cavity, and the air flow groove is connected between opposite ends of the lower bearing assembly, and the air outlet is connected between the body and the air flow groove.
- the air flow slots are annular air flow slots that are disposed in communication with opposite ends of the lower bearing assembly.
- the tool change system includes a cylinder assembly, a push rod, an elastic member, a shaft, a disc spring, and an axial movement for clamping the rotor core; an elastic member is disposed between the cylinder assembly and the push rod to provide a restoring force; It is disposed in the rotor core and located between the push rod and the chuck.
- the disc spring abuts between the axle and the chuck and can be deformed when the push rod abuts the top axle.
- the chuck is disposed on the rotor core and the pusher. The opposite ends of the rods are rotatable at high speeds with the rotor core.
- the motor is an AC synchronous motor, and the rotor core and the motor are both made of permanent magnets.
- the upper end portion of the rotor core is provided with a fan which performs high-speed rotational motion together.
- the air flow generated by the fan takes away the heat generated by the motor work and reaches the role of the air-cooled motor.
- the heat dissipation method has a simple structure, saves energy, and reduces pollution.
- the ball high-speed electric spindle is provided with a gas sealing system, which can cool the lower bearing assembly and prevent impurities such as cutting fluid and oil from entering the body to damage the lower bearing assembly, thereby protecting and extending the use of the lower bearing assembly. life.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a ball high speed electric spindle of the present invention. Main component symbol description
- the present invention relates to a ball high speed electric spindle 100, which comprises a body
- the body 10 is substantially T-shaped, and its central portion is recessed inward to form a first receiving cavity 11.
- the bearing housing 20 is disposed between the body 10 and the aluminum water jacket 30, and is disposed around the end of the body 10 to form a second receiving cavity 21.
- the aluminum water jacket 30 is disposed on the bearing housing 20 and is disposed to surround the end of the bearing housing 20 away from the body 10 to form a third receiving cavity 31.
- the first receiving cavity 11, the second receiving cavity 21 and the third receiving cavity 31 communicate with each other.
- Axle core assembly 40 includes
- the motor 42 includes a rotor 43 disposed on the rotor core 41 and a stator 45 mated with the rotor 43.
- the rotor 43 and the stator 45 are disposed in the second housing chamber 21.
- the rotor 43 drives the rotor core 41 to perform high-speed rotational motion under the driving of the stator 45.
- the rotor core 41 extends through the first receiving cavity
- the rotor core 41 is sequentially sleeved from the first receiving cavity 11 to the third receiving cavity 31 with a lower bearing assembly 410 and a middle bearing set.
- Piece 412 and upper bearing assembly 414 three volleyball bearings.
- the lower bearing assembly 410 is disposed at the bottom of the first receiving cavity 11.
- the middle bearing assembly 412 is disposed between the first receiving cavity 11 and the second receiving cavity 21 .
- the upper bearing assembly 414 is disposed between the second receiving cavity 21 and the third receiving cavity 31.
- the motor 42 is an AC synchronous motor.
- the rotor core 41 and the motor 42 are both made of permanent magnets, which is advantageous for improving electromagnetic conversion efficiency and reducing electromagnetic loss.
- the tool change system 50 is mounted to the bearing housing 20 via an aluminum water jacket 30, which includes a cylinder assembly 51, a push rod 53, an elastic member 54, a shaft 55, a disc spring 58, and a collet 59.
- the push rod 53 is coupled to the cylinder assembly 51 and penetrates the rotor core 41 in a direction in which the third housing chamber 31 is directed toward the first housing chamber 11.
- the elastic member 54 is disposed between the cylinder assembly 51 and the push rod 53 to provide a restoring force.
- the axle 55 is disposed in the rotor core 41 and opposed to the push rod 53.
- the disc spring 58 abuts between the axle 55 and the collet 59 and is deformable under the compression of the axle 55.
- the collet 59 is coupled to the end of the rotor core 41 and is rotatable with the rotor core 41 at a high speed. An end of the collet 59 opposite to the disc spring 58 is exposed outside the rotor core 41 for holding the cutter 99.
- the air cooling system 60 includes a fan 61 and a cooling air passage 63.
- the fan 61 is disposed at the top end of the rotor core 41 and is located in the third receiving cavity 31 surrounded by the shaft seat 20 and the aluminum water jacket 30, and can rotate with the rotor core 41 at a high speed to form surrounding air. The airflow takes away the heat generated by the motor 42.
- the size of the rotation of the fan 61 is the same as the rotation speed of the rotor core 41.
- the cooling air passage 63 includes a plurality of air inlets 631 disposed on the surface of the aluminum water jacket 30, a plurality of first air passages 632, a plurality of air outlets 633, and a wind shield 634.
- the windshield 634 is generally L-shaped, one end of which is mounted on the surface of the bearing housing 20, and the other end is spaced apart from the bearing housing 20 and forms a second air passage 635 surrounding the surface of the bearing housing 20.
- a plurality of air outlets 633 are blocked in the wind shields 634.
- the air sealing system 70 includes an air inlet 71, an air flow passage 72, an air flow groove 73, and an air outlet 74 that are disposed on the body 10 and communicate with the first receiving cavity 11.
- the air inlet 71 is disposed at one end of the body 10 away from the lower bearing assembly 410, and is supplied by an external air source.
- the air flow passage 72 communicates between the air inlet 71 and the end of the lower bearing assembly 410 away from the bottom of the first receiving cavity 11.
- the air flow groove 73 communicates with the lower shaft and between opposite ends of the member 410.
- the air outlet 74 is in communication with the air flow groove 73.
- the air flow groove 73 is an annular air flow groove that surrounds the ends of the lower bearing assembly 410.
- the air outlet 74 is also not additionally provided, but is formed by a gap between the body 10 and the collet 59.
- the lower bearing assembly 410 includes two ceramic ball shafts. The pressurized air that is introduced into the lower shaft and the shaft at the top of the member 410 passes through the air flow passage 72. The inside of the bearing body enters the bearing at the bottom of the lower bearing assembly 410 through the air flow groove 73, and finally flows out of the body 10 through the gap between the body 10 and the collet 59. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the shape of the air flow groove 73 and the shape and position of the air outlet 74 can be determined according to user requirements, and are not limited herein.
- the stator 45 of the motor 42 inputs a required three-phase AC variable frequency voltage to drive the rotor core 41 for high-speed rotational motion, so that the chuck 59 mounted on the rotor core 41 clamps the required tool 99 for high efficiency.
- High-precision engraving and milling the operator can control the speed of the electric spindle by adjusting the size of the input three-phase AC variable voltage according to the actual processing requirements.
- the maximum speed can reach 30,000 rpm.
- the fan 61 rotates with the rotor core 41 at a high speed, and the external cold air flows into the third receiving cavity 31 from the plurality of air inlets 631 in the direction indicated by the arrow ⁇ and carries the hot air in the third receiving cavity 31 through a plurality of The first air passage 632 is exhausted by a plurality of air outlets 633.
- the discharged air stream then carries away heat from the surface of the bearing housing 20 via the second air passage 635 to further dissipate heat from the motor 42 located in the second receiving chamber 21.
- the required pressure air is introduced into the air inlet 71, and the pressurized air enters one end of the lower bearing assembly 410 through the air flow passage 72, and then enters the other end of the lower bearing assembly 410 through the air flow groove 73, and finally from the air outlet 74.
- the gap between the body 10 and the collet 59 flows out of the body 10. In this way, the heat generated by the friction of the lower bearing assembly 410 during operation can be taken away, so that the inside of the body 10 is kept unblocked, and impurities such as cutting fluid and oil dirt are prevented from entering the inside of the body 10 to damage the lower bearing assembly 410, thereby protecting and extending the lower bearing assembly 410.
- the service life is provided into the air inlet 71, and the pressurized air enters one end of the lower bearing assembly 410 through the air flow passage 72, and then enters the other end of the lower bearing assembly 410 through the air flow groove 73, and finally from the air outlet 74.
- the upper end portion of the rotor core 41 is provided with a fan 61 which performs high-speed rotational motion together, and the air flow generated by the fan 61 takes away the heat generated by the operation of the motor 42 to reach the air-cooled motor 42. effect.
- This type of heat dissipation is simple in structure, saves energy and reduces pollution.
- the ball high speed electric spindle 100 is provided with a gas sealing system 70, which can prevent the cutting fluid, oil and the like from entering the body 10 and damaging the lower bearing assembly 410 while cooling the lower bearing assembly 410, thereby protecting and extending. The service life of the lower bearing assembly 410.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
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Abstract
一种滚珠高速电主轴(100),其包括设置有第一收容腔(11)的机体(10)、铝水套(30)、轴承座(20)、转子轴芯(41)、电机(42)、换刀***(50)及风冷***(60)。机体与轴承座围设形成第二收容腔(21),轴承座与铝水套围设形成第三收容腔(31)。转子轴芯贯穿于第一收容腔、第二收容腔与第三收容腔之间。风冷***包括风扇(61)及冷却风通道(63),冷却风通道包括若干进风口(631)、若干出风口(633)以及第一通风道(632)。风扇位于第三收容腔内并在电机的驱动下随转子轴芯一同旋转。
Description
一种滚珠高速电主轴 技术领域
本发明涉及一种滚珠高速电主轴,特别涉及一种带有风冷***的 滚珠高速电主轴。 背景技术
电主轴是最近几年在数控机床领域出现的将机床主轴与主轴电 机融为一体的新技术。 由于电主轴将电机集成于主轴单元中, 且转速 很高, 运转时会产生大量热量, 引起电主轴温升, 使电主轴的热态特 性和动态特性变差, 从而影响电主轴的正常工作。 发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的旨在于提供一种带有风冷系 统的滚珠高速电主轴。
为实现上述目的, 本发明釆用如下技术方案:
一种滚珠高速电主轴,其包括设置有第一收容腔的机体、铝水套、 设置于机体与铝水套之间的轴承座、 转子轴芯、 电机、 用于夹持刀具 进行加工操作的换刀***以及风冷***。机体与轴承座共同围设形成 第二收容腔, 轴承座与铝水套围设形成第三收容腔。转子轴芯贯穿于 第一收容腔、 第二收容腔以及第三收容腔之间。 电机设置于第二收容 腔内用于驱动转子轴芯转动。风冷***包括设置于转子轴芯上的风扇
及冷却风通道,冷却风通道包括设置于铝水套上与第三收容腔连通的 若干进风口、设置于轴承座上的若干出风口以及连通于若干进风口与 出风口之间的第一通风道。风扇位于第三收容腔内并在电机的驱动下 随转子轴芯一同旋转,以将外部空气由若干进风口引入第三收容腔内 并经第一通风道将电机产生的热量由若干出风口排出。
冷却风通道包括设置于轴承座表面挡风件,若干出风口遮挡于挡 风件内,该挡风件与轴承座表面形成供由若干出风口流出的气流经过 的第二通风道。
第二通风道为设置于轴承座表面由铝合金制成的若干散热筋。 转子轴芯沿第一收容腔指向第三收容腔方向依次设置有三排下 轴承组件、 中轴承组件以及上轴承组件, 该下轴承组件设置于第一收 容腔内, 该中轴承组件设置于第一收容腔与第二收容腔之间, 该上轴 承组件设置于第二收容腔与第三收容腔之间。
上轴承组件、 中轴承组件以及下轴承组件均为陶瓷球轴承。
上轴承组件包括两个陶瓷球轴承,中轴承组件包括一个陶瓷球轴 承, 下轴承组件包括两个陶瓷球轴承。
一种滚珠高速电主轴还包括气封***,该气封***包括设置于机 体上与第一收容腔连通的进气口、 气流通道、 气流槽以及出气口, 气 流通道连通于进气口与下轴承组件远离第一收容腔底部的一端之间, 气流槽连通于下轴承组件相对的两端之间 ,该出气口连通于机体与气 流槽之间。
气流槽为设置连通于下轴承组件相对两端的环形气流槽。
换刀***包括气缸组件、 推杆、 弹性件、 轴霸、 碟簧以及用于夹 转子轴芯的轴向移动; 弹性件设置于气缸组件与推杆之间, 用以提供 恢复力; 轴霸设置于转子轴芯内且位于推杆与夹头之间,碟簧抵接于 轴霸与夹头之间并可在推杆抵顶轴霸时发生形变,夹头设置于转子轴 芯与推杆相对的末端并可随转子轴芯作高速旋转。
电机为交流同步电机, 转子轴芯与电机均釆用永磁体制造而成。 本发明中滚珠高速电主轴,转子轴芯的上端部设置有随其一起做 高速旋转运动的风扇。 风扇产生的空气流带走电机工作产生的热量, 达到风冷电机的作用。此种散热方式结构简单、节约能源且减少污染。 另外, 滚珠高速电主轴内设置有气封***, 其可以在对下轴承组件进 行冷却的同时亦可防止切削液、油污等杂质进入机体内部损坏下轴承 组件, 从而保护和延长下轴承组件的使用寿命。 附图说明
图 1为本发明滚珠高速电主轴的结构示意图。 主要元件符号说明
100、 滚珠高速电主轴; 99、 刀具; 10、 机体; 11、 第一收容腔; 20、 轴承座; 21、 第二收容腔; 30、 铝水套; 31、 第三收容腔; 40、 轴芯组件; 41、转子轴芯; 410、下轴^ ^且件; 412、中轴^ ^且件; 414、 上轴承组件; 42、 电机; 43、 转子; 45、 定子; 50、 换刀***; 51、
气缸组件; 53、推杆; 54、 弹性件; 55、 轴霸; 58、碟簧; 59、 夹头; 60、 风冷***; 61、 风扇; 63、 冷却风通道; 631、 进风口; 632、 第 一通风道; 633、 出风口; 634、 挡风件; 635、 第二通风道; 70、 气 封***; 71、 进气口; 72、 气流通道; 73、 气流槽; 74、 出气口。 具体实施方式
下面将结合附图以及具体实施方式, 对本发明做进一步描述: 请参见图 1 , 本发明涉及一种滚珠高速电主轴 100 , 其包括机体
10、 轴承座 20、 铝水套 30、 轴芯组件 40、 用于更换刀具 99的换刀 *** 50、 风冷*** 60以及气封*** 70。 机体 10大体呈 T字形, 其 中部向内凹陷形成第一收容腔 11。 轴承座 20设置于机体 10与铝水 套 30之间, 并与机体 10的一端共同围设形成第二收容腔 21。 铝水 套 30设置于轴承座 20上,并与轴承座 20远离机体 10的一端共同围 设形成第三收容腔 31。 其中, 第一收容腔 11、 第二收容腔 21以及第 三收容腔 31相互连通。
轴芯组件 40包括
电机 42包括设置于转子轴芯 41上的转子 43以及与转子 43配合的定 子 45。 转子 43与定子 45设置于第二收容腔 21内。 工作时, 向定子 45输入符合要求的三相交流变频电压时, 转子 43在定子 45的驱动 下带动转子轴芯 41作高速旋转运动。转子轴芯 41贯穿于第一收容腔
11、 第二收容腔 21 以及第三收容腔 31之间。 转子轴芯 41 自第一收 容腔 11至第三收容腔 31方向依次套设有下轴承组件 410、 中轴承组
件 412以及上轴承组件 414三排球轴承。下轴承组件 410设置于第一 收容腔 11的底部。中轴承组件 412设置于第一收容腔 11与第二收容 腔 21之间。 上轴承组件 414设置于第二收容腔 21与第三收容腔 31 之间。 在本实施例中, 电机 42为交流同步电机。 转子轴芯 41与电机 42 均釆用永磁体制造而成, 从而有利于提高电磁转换效率、 降低电 磁损耗。 下轴承组件 410、 中轴承组件 412以及上轴承组件 414均为 陶瓷球轴承。 其中, 下轴承组件 410的数量为两个, 中轴承组件 412 数量为一个, 上轴承组件 414的数量为一个。 如此, 保证滚珠高速电 主轴 100在高速运转时轴向与径向具有足够的刚度,确保滚珠高速电 主轴 100加工质量和使用寿命。
换刀*** 50通过铝水套 30安装于轴承座 20上, 其包括气缸组 件 51、 推杆 53、 弹性件 54、 轴霸 55、 碟簧 58以及夹头 59。 推杆 53 与气缸组件 51连接, 且其沿第三收容腔 31指向第一收容腔 11的方 向贯穿于转子轴芯 41内。弹性件 54设置气缸组件 51与推杆 53之间 , 用以提供恢复力。 轴霸 55设置于转子轴芯 41 内并与推杆 53相对。 碟簧 58抵接于轴霸 55与夹头 59之间,并可在轴霸 55的挤压下发生 形变。 夹头 59与转子轴芯 41的末端连接并可随转子轴芯 41作高速 旋转。 夹头 59与碟簧 58相对的一端外露于转子轴芯 41外, 用以夹 持刀具 99。
风冷*** 60包括风扇 61与冷却风通道 63。 风扇 61设置于转子 轴芯 41的顶端且位于由轴 座 20与铝水套 30围成的第三收容腔 31 内, 其可随转子轴芯 41 一同做高速旋转运动, 使得周围的空气形成
气流并带走由电机 42产生的热量。 其中, 风扇 61的转动大小与转子 轴芯 41的转动速度大小相同。 冷却风通道 63包括设置于铝水套 30 表面的若干进风口 631、 若干第一通风道 632、 若干出风口 633以及 挡风件 634。 若干进风口 631 间隔且分散的设置于铝水套 30的表面 并与第三收容腔 31连通。 若干第一通风道 632环绕设置于轴承座 20 表面并与若干出风口 633 连通。 其中, 本实施例中, 设置于轴 座 20的若干第一通风道 632是由铝合金制造而成的若干散热筋, 气流 在通过这些散热筋时可带走电机 42产生的大部分热量并通过若干出 风口 633流出。 挡风件 634大体呈 L形状, 其一端安装于轴承座 20 的表面, 另一端与轴承座 20之间保持一定间隔并形成环绕于轴承座 20表面的第二通风道 635。 若干出风口 633被遮挡于挡风件 634内, 当气流由若干出风口 633流出经过第二通风道 635时对位于第二收容 腔 21内的电机 42进行进一步散热。
气封*** 70包括设置于机体 10上与第一收容腔 11连通的进气 口 71、 气流通道 72、 气流槽 73以及出气口 74。 进气口 71设置于机 体 10远离下轴承组件 410的一端, 并通过外部气源进行供气。 气流 通道 72连通于进气口 71与下轴承组件 410远离第一收容腔 11底部 的一端之间。 气流槽 73连通于下轴^ ^且件 410相对的两端之间。 出 气口 74与气流槽 73连通。 在本实施例中, 气流槽 73为环绕于下轴 承组件 410两端之间的环形气流槽。 出气口 74亦未额外设置, 而由 机体 10与夹头 59之间的缝隙形成。下轴承组件 410包括两个陶瓷球 轴^^ 通入的压力空气由气流通道 72进入下轴^ ^且件 410顶部的轴
承内, 再通过气流槽 73进入下轴承组件 410底部的轴承内, 最后通 过机体 10与夹头 59之间的缝隙流出机体 10外。 可以理解地, 在其 它一些实施例中,气流槽 73的形状以及出气口 74的设置形状与位置 均可根据用户需求而定, 在此不做限制。
在工作时,电机 42的定子 45输入符合要求的三相交流变频电压 驱动转子轴芯 41作高速旋转运动,从而使得安装在转子轴芯 41的夹 头 59夹持所需的刀具 99进行高效率、 高精度的雕刻、 铣削加工。 其 中,操作者可根据实际加工需求, 通过调节输入三相交流变频电压的 大小控制电主轴的转速高低。 其中, 最高转速可达 3万转每分钟。 在 此过程中, 风扇 61随着转子轴芯 41一同高速旋转, 外部冷风沿箭头 Α所指方向由若干进风口 631流入第三收容腔 31 内并携带第三收容 腔 31内的热空气经若干第一通风道 632由若干出风口 633排出。 排 出的气流再经第二通风道 635带走轴承座 20表面热量, 以对位于第 二收容腔 21 内的电机 42进行进一步散热。 同时, 工作中由进气口 71通入符合要求的压力空气, 压力空气通过气流通道 72进入下轴承 组件 410的一端, 再通过气流槽 73进入下轴承组件 410的另一端, 最后从出气口 74 (机体 10与夹头 59之间的缝隙) 流出机体 10夕卜。 如此, 可带走下轴承组件 410在运转过程中摩擦产生的热量, 使机体 10内部保持畅通, 防止切削液、 油污等杂质进入机体 10内部损坏下 轴承组件 410 , 从而保护和延长下轴承组件 410的使用寿命。
当需要换刀时, 电机 42停止工作, 转子轴芯 41处于完全停止运 动的状态。 从气缸组件 51的顶盖 (未标号)处通入符合要求的压力
空气, 压力空气推动气缸组件 51内部的活塞(未标号)及推杆 53— 起向下运动。推杆 53端面接触轴霸 55后继续推动轴霸 55向下运动, 通过压缩碟簧 58使夹头 59外表面与转子轴芯 41内锥孔面分离。 此 时, 夹头 59张开, 刀具 99被释放, 即可更换所需的刀具 99。 刀具 99更换完毕后, 关闭压力空气, 弹性件 54带动推杆 53与活塞一起 向上运动。 此时, 推杆 53端面与轴霸 55分离, 碟簧 58复位且带动 夹头 59与刀具 99向上运动, 夹头 59收紧, 刀具 99被夹持信, 整个 换刀操作完成。
本发明中滚珠高速电主轴 100, 转子轴芯 41 的上端部设置有随 其一起做高速旋转运动的风扇 61 ,风扇 61产生的空气流带走电机 42 工作产生的热量,达到风冷电机 42的作用。此种散热方式结构简单、 节约能源且减少污染。 另外, 滚珠高速电主轴 100内设置有气封*** 70, 其可以在对下轴承组件 410进行冷却的同时亦可防止切削液、 油 污等杂质进入机体 10 内部损坏下轴承组件 410, 从而保护和延长下 轴承组件 410的使用寿命。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构 思,做出其它各种相应的改变以及变形, 而所有的这些改变以及变形 都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims
1. 一种滚珠高速电主轴, 其特征在于: 包括设置有第一收容腔的机 体、 铝水套、 设置于机体与铝水套之间的轴承座、 转子轴芯、 电 机、 用于夹持刀具进行加工操作的换刀***以及风冷***; 机体 与轴承座共同围设形成第二收容腔, 轴承座与铝水套围设形成第 三收容腔; 转子轴芯贯穿于第一收容腔、 第二收容腔以及第三收 容腔之间, 电机设置于第二收容腔内用于驱动转子轴芯转动; 风 冷***包括设置于转子轴芯上的风扇及冷却风通道, 冷却风通道 包括设置于铝水套上与第三收容腔连通的若干进风口、 设置于轴 承座上的若干出风口以及连通于若干进风口与出风口之间的第一 通风道; 风扇位于第三收容腔内并在电机的驱动下随转子轴芯一 同旋转, 以将外部空气由若干进风口引入第三收容腔内并经第一 通风道将电机产生的热量由若干出风口排出。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的滚珠高速电主轴, 其特征在于: 该冷却风通 道包括设置于轴承座表面挡风件, 若干出风口遮挡于挡风件内, 该挡风件与轴承座表面形成供由若干出风口流出的气流经过的第 二通风道。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的滚珠高速电主轴, 其特征在于: 该第二通风 道为设置于轴承座表面由铝合金制成的若干散热筋。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的滚珠高速电主轴, 其特征在于: 转子轴芯沿 第一收容腔指向第三收容腔方向依次设置有三排下轴承组件、 中 轴承组件以及上轴承组件, 该下轴承组件设置于第一收容腔内, 该中轴承组件设置于第一收容腔与第二收容腔之间, 该上轴承组
件设置于第二收容腔与第三收容腔之间。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的滚珠高速电主轴,其特征在于:上轴承组件、 中轴承组件以及下轴承组件均为陶瓷球轴承。
6. 如权利要求 4所述的滚珠高速电主轴, 其特征在于: 上轴承组件 包括两个陶瓷球轴承, 中轴承组件包括一个陶瓷球轴承, 下轴承 组件包括两个陶瓷球轴承。
7. 如权利要求 4所述的滚珠高速电主轴, 其特征在于: 还包括气封 ***,该气封***包括设置于机体上与第一收容腔连通的进气口、 气流通道、 气流槽以及出气口, 气流通道连通于进气口与下轴承 组件远离第一收容腔底部的一端之间, 气流槽连通于下轴承组件 相对的两端之间, 该出气口连通于机体与气流槽之间。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的滚珠高速电主轴, 其特征在于: 该气流槽为 设置连通于下轴承组件相对两端的环形气流槽。
9. 如权利要求 1所述的滚珠高速电主轴, 其特征在于: 该换刀*** 包括气缸组件、 推杆、 弹性件、 轴霸、 碟簧以及用于夹持刀具的 轴芯的轴向移动; 弹性件设置于气缸组件与推杆之间, 用以提供 恢复力; 轴霸设置于转子轴芯内且位于推杆与夹头之间, 碟簧抵 接于轴霸与夹头之间并可在推杆抵顶轴霸时发生形变, 夹头设置 于转子轴芯与推杆相对的末端并可随转子轴芯作高速旋转。
10.如权利要求 1所述的滚珠高速电主轴, 其特征在于: 电机为交流 同步电机, 转子轴芯与电机均釆用永磁体制造而成。
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