WO2015068316A1 - 物品管理システム及び物品管理方法 - Google Patents
物品管理システム及び物品管理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015068316A1 WO2015068316A1 PCT/JP2014/002897 JP2014002897W WO2015068316A1 WO 2015068316 A1 WO2015068316 A1 WO 2015068316A1 JP 2014002897 W JP2014002897 W JP 2014002897W WO 2015068316 A1 WO2015068316 A1 WO 2015068316A1
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- tag
- article
- pattern
- identification
- antenna
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10366—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10366—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications
- G06K7/10415—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications the interrogation device being fixed in its position, such as an access control device for reading wireless access cards, or a wireless ATM
- G06K7/10425—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications the interrogation device being fixed in its position, such as an access control device for reading wireless access cards, or a wireless ATM the interrogation device being arranged for interrogation of record carriers passing by the interrogation device
- G06K7/10435—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications the interrogation device being fixed in its position, such as an access control device for reading wireless access cards, or a wireless ATM the interrogation device being arranged for interrogation of record carriers passing by the interrogation device the interrogation device being positioned close to a conveyor belt or the like on which moving record carriers are passing
- G06K7/10445—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications the interrogation device being fixed in its position, such as an access control device for reading wireless access cards, or a wireless ATM the interrogation device being arranged for interrogation of record carriers passing by the interrogation device the interrogation device being positioned close to a conveyor belt or the like on which moving record carriers are passing the record carriers being fixed to further objects, e.g. RFIDs fixed to packages, luggage, mail-pieces or work-pieces transported on a conveyor belt
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
- G06Q10/087—Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2451—Specific applications combined with EAS
- G08B13/2462—Asset location systems combined with EAS
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an article management system and an article management method using an RF tag.
- an RF tag is attached to a management target article and used for article management such as inventory management.
- article management such as inventory management.
- an RFID system when an RF tag is attached to an article to be managed and tag information of the RF tag can be read, it is determined that there is an article to be managed, and when tag information cannot be read, the object to be managed
- the management target article is managed by determining that there is no article.
- the cost of the RF tag was high.
- the UHF band tag has been reduced in cost to a level of less than 10 yen per sheet.
- the cost is about two digits higher than that of bar codes used for article management, especially for article management. Is in the situation.
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 disclose techniques for dealing with such problems.
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 similar to the method of using the RFID system described above, it is a technique for managing articles. More specifically, Patent Documents 1 to 5 relate to techniques for monitoring the presence or absence of articles on a shelf by providing RF tags on the shelf.
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 RF tags are arranged on the shelf. Then, the articles are arranged so that the articles (hereinafter referred to as managed articles) targeted for the reading operation of the RFID reader with respect to the plurality of RF tags arranged on the shelf are hindered.
- the managed object is disposed between the RF tag and the antenna attached to the RFID reader, and the managed object is disposed on the managed object between the RFID reader and the shelf. The reading of the RFID reader is obstructed by the managed article.
- Patent Documents 3 to 5 the RF tag and the RFID reader are arranged on the shelf side, and the reading operation of the RFID reader is disturbed by bringing the disturbing portion provided in the managed article close to the RF tag.
- the manageable article or the obstructing part is premised on an object including metal, water, or the like that obstructs transmission of radio frequency energy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an article management system and an article management method for solving such problems.
- An article management system includes a reader antenna that transmits and receives radio signals, each of which includes an RF tag, a plurality of tag sheets laid on the reader antenna, and the RF tag via the reader antenna.
- An RFID reader for reading unique tag information, and an identification tag attached to the management target article and disposed between the management target article and the tag sheet, and facing the tag sheet of the identification tag
- An identification pattern for specifying an identification tag is formed on the surface by the first pattern and the second pattern having a dielectric constant or conductivity lower than that of the first pattern.
- the article management method includes a reader antenna that transmits and receives a radio signal, a plurality of tag sheets each including an RF tag, and a plurality of tag sheets laid on the reader antenna, and the RF through the reader antenna.
- An RFID reader that reads tag information unique to a tag
- an article management method of an article management system that includes the tag information that the RFID reader can read within a predetermined area and the tag information that cannot be read A pattern is recognized, and the management target article is specified and the position of the management target article is specified based on the identification pattern.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a part of an article management system according to a first embodiment.
- 3 is a top view of the article management system showing the arrangement of articles to be managed and the positional relationship between the RF tag and the reader antenna in the article management system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. It is sectional drawing of the front side of the article management system which shows arrangement
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an article management system according to a first embodiment. It is the schematic for demonstrating the identification tag of the article
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the identification pattern of the identification tag concerning Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is the schematic which shows the utilization condition of the article
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the identification pattern of the identification tag concerning Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an article management system according to a first embodiment. It is the schematic for demonstrating the identification tag of the article
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the identification pattern of the identification tag concerning Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is the schematic which shows the utilization condition of the article
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the identification pattern of the identification tag concerning Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is the schematic which shows the utilization condition of the article
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the identification pattern of the identification tag concerning Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is the schematic which shows the utilization condition of the article
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the identification pattern of the identification tag concerning Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is the schematic which shows the utilization condition of the article
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a part of the article management system according to the first embodiment.
- a part of the article management system according to the first embodiment is referred to as an article management system 1.
- the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment includes a reader antenna 102, an RFID reader 103, an RF tag 104, and a management target article 105.
- the reader antenna 102 includes the dielectric layer 101, the strip conductor 102a, the ground conductor 102g, and the matching termination resistor Rt.
- the dielectric layer 101 is a plate-like member formed of a dielectric, for example.
- the surface on which the article to be managed of the dielectric layer 101 is placed is referred to as a surface.
- 102 is used as a symbol for the reader antenna except when the strip conductor and the ground conductor are individually described.
- the reader antenna 102 is configured by an open transmission line that is matched and terminated, and transmits and receives radio signals to and from the RF tag 104.
- the reader antenna 102 is a traveling wave near-field antenna for a reader using a microstrip line that is an open transmission line.
- the reader antenna 102 is open to those that generate an electromagnetic field distribution mainly composed of a quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and an induction electromagnetic field around the transmission line, such as a coplanar line, a grounded coplanar line, a slot line, and a balanced two-wire transmission line. It can be used as a transmission line.
- the coaxial cable or waveguide that shields the periphery of the transmission line is a shielded transmission line that does not generate such an electromagnetic field around the transmission line. Cannot be used.
- the RFID reader 103 sends a transmission signal to the reader antenna 102 and receives a response signal generated by the tag antenna of the RF tag 104 via the reader antenna 102. More specifically, one end of the reader antenna 102 is connected to the RFID reader 103. Then, the RFID reader 103 sends the generated transmission signal to the reader antenna 102 and transmits the transmission signal to the tag antenna of the RF tag 104 that is electromagnetically coupled to the reader antenna 102. On the other hand, the RFID reader 103 receives a response signal generated by the RF tag 104 transmitted to the reader antenna 102 by wireless communication.
- a matching termination resistor Rt is connected to the other end of the strip conductor of the reader antenna 102.
- the RF tag 104 is installed at a position where the article to be managed can be seen from the reader antenna 102 in a state where the article to be managed is placed in the vicinity, and where the RF tag 104 is electromagnetically coupled to the reader antenna 102.
- a passive tag is used as the RF tag 104
- an active tag can also be used as the RF tag 104.
- the passive tag receives a signal for inquiring an ID (hereinafter referred to as tag information) from the reader antenna 102
- the passive tag automatically uses a power circuit (not shown) in the chip by a part of the signal obtained via the tag antenna. Generates power to operate the chip.
- the passive tag decodes a part of the received signal and generates reception data.
- the passive tag refers to the tag information stored in the memory circuit in the chip, operates a modulation circuit (not shown) to generate a modulation signal, and sends the modulation signal to the antenna 102a via the tag antenna. Send.
- the article to be managed 105 is disposed at a position where the tag antenna of the RF tag 104 is electromagnetically coupled.
- the position where the management target article 105 is placed is referred to as a management target article placement area 110.
- the management target article 105 preferably includes a material having a high dielectric constant such as moisture or a metal, but is not limited thereto. More specifically, in addition to PET bottle drinks, can drinks, snack foods packed in aluminum packages, bundles of thick paper such as books, rice balls, bread, side dishes in plastic packs, human bodies with hands and feet, and shoes It can be an article.
- the correspondence to various articles such as an article having a lot of moisture is caused by using an RFID system in a UHF band or a microwave band.
- electromagnetic induction is used for coupling between the reader and the tag. Since electromagnetic induction is a coupling by a magnetic field, it is sensitive to a difference in relative permeability, but is not sensitive to a difference in relative permittivity. Therefore, even if the relative dielectric constant of water is as high as 80, the operation of the tag antenna does not react sensitively to moisture in the case of electromagnetic induction. In general, the relative permeability takes a value in the vicinity of 1 unless many of the substances are magnetic materials. On the other hand, the dielectric constant is often very different from 1.
- the present invention uses the electromagnetic field components of the quasi-electrostatic magnetic field, the induction electromagnetic field, and the radiated electromagnetic field. Get higher.
- the RF tag 104 may be covered with a plastic plate or the like. Thereby, durability of a tag can be mentioned.
- the surface of the RF tag may get a small amount of moisture such as condensation. In such a case, the influence of the minute amount of water is eliminated by adjusting the coupling coefficient between the tag antenna and the managed product. It is also possible to do.
- the article management system 1 detects the presence / absence of an article to be managed based on the response signal generated by the RF tag 104. In performing this detection operation, the article management system 1 first sends a tag information read command from the RFID reader 103 via the reader antenna 102 as a transmission signal.
- the RF tag 104 receives a transmission signal. Then, the RF tag 104 generates power using a part of the received signal and starts operation. Thereafter, the RF tag 104 decodes the received signal and reproduces the received data included in the received signal.
- the RF tag 104 refers to the received data and the tag information included in the built-in storage circuit, and when it should respond by judging from the tag information and the received data, the modulation signal generated based on the tag signal Is sent to the reader antenna 102 as a response signal.
- the RFID reader 103 determines the presence or absence of an article to be managed based on the intensity or phase change of the response signal from the RF tag 104 corresponding to the transmitted tag information read command. As a more specific example, the RFID reader 103 determines that there is no article to be managed if the signal strength of the response signal from the RF tag 104 is strong, and manages if the signal strength of the response signal from the RF tag 104 is weak. Judge that there is an article. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 1, since there is no managed article on the RF tag 104 arranged on the rightmost side of the drawing, the RF tag 104 has a stronger signal strength than when there is a managed article.
- the RFID reader 103 determines that there is no management target article 105 at the position of the RF tag 104 based on the strength of the signal intensity.
- the signal intensity of the response signal transmitted by the other three RF tags 104 does not exist for the management target article. It becomes weaker than the case. Therefore, the RFID reader 103 determines that there is a management target article 105 at the position of the other three RF tags 104.
- An example of the case where the signal strength of the response signal is weak includes a case where the response signal is below the reception sensitivity of the RFID reader 103 and the response signal cannot be detected.
- the RFID reader 103 is connected to a computer or functions as a part of the computer, and it is assumed that the presence / absence of the management target article 105 is determined by the computer.
- the signal intensity of the response signal changes as described above because the managed object 105 and the tag antenna of the RF tag 104 are electromagnetically coupled. Therefore, in the following, the positional relationship among the management target article 105, the RF tag 104, and the reader antenna 102 will be described in more detail.
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- region where one management object 105 is placed was shown as a top view.
- the strip conductor 102 a of the reader antenna 102 is formed on the dielectric layer 101.
- the RF tag 104 is installed above the strip conductor 102a.
- a management target article placement area 110 is set in which the management target article is placed at a position above the RF tag 104 and covered with the RF tag 104.
- the position where the RF tag 104 is covered is described.
- the RF tag 104 includes an RFID chip 111 and a tag antenna 112.
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the front side of the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of a region where one managed object 105 is placed as in FIG.
- the strip conductor 102 a is provided on the front surface side of the dielectric layer 101, and the ground conductor 102 g is provided on the back surface of the dielectric layer 101 to form the reader antenna 102.
- a microstrip line which is a kind of transmission line is formed.
- One end of the strip conductor 102a and the ground conductor 102g are connected via a matching termination resistor Rt.
- the RFID reader 103 is connected to the other end of the strip conductor 102a. With this connection, the strip conductor 102a is terminated with matching.
- a cover mainly for improving durability may be disposed above the strip conductor 102a and below the ground conductor 102g.
- the management target article 105 is disposed at a position where the distance between the RF tag 104 and the tag antenna 112 is the first distance L1.
- the tag antenna 112 of the RF tag 104 is disposed at a position where the distance from the reader antenna 102 is the second distance L2.
- the first distance L1 and the second distance L2 are preferably set to have a relationship of L1 ⁇ L2. This facilitates the relationship between coupling coefficients k1 and k2, which will be described later, to be k1 ⁇ k2. Note that FIG. 3 shows only the distance relationship between the management target article 105, the tag antenna 112, and the reader antenna 102.
- the RF tag 104 is covered with a plastic plate or the like.
- the thickness of the plastic plate can be used. That is, the relationship between the first distance L1 and the second distance L2 can be ensured by incorporating the RF tag 104 in a plastic plate and forming a sheet in which the RF tag is incorporated by the plastic plate.
- the method of forming a sheet with a plastic plate is one form for securing the relationship between the first distance L1 and the second distance L2, and other methods can be used.
- the distance here is more preferably an electrical length considering the wavelength shortening rate. Further, the distance here is preferably a line-of-sight distance.
- FIG. 4 shows a side sectional view of the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of a region where one managed object 105 is placed as in FIG.
- the strip conductor 102 a is installed at a part of the lower portion of the RF tag 104.
- the RF tag 104 and the management target article 105 are installed so that the relationship between the first distance L1 and the second distance L2 satisfies the condition of L1 ⁇ L2 also in a side view.
- the article to be managed 105 is arranged above the tag antenna 112 of the RF tag 104 at a position where the distance is the first distance L1. Further, the reader antenna 102 connected to the RFID reader 103 is disposed below the RF tag 104 and the line-of-sight distance between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 is separated by the second distance L2. As described above, in the article management system 1, the management target article 105 is disposed outside the region sandwiched between the reader antenna 102 and the RF tag 104. Therefore, the line of sight between the reader antenna 102 and the RF tag 104 is not blocked by the management target article 105. In the article management system 1, the distance between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 is set as the second distance L2.
- the first distance L1 between the article to be managed 105 and the tag antenna 112 and the second distance L2 that is the line-of-sight distance between the tag antenna 112 and the reader antenna 102 are adjusted.
- the coupling coefficient k2 between the article to be managed 105 and the tag antenna 112 and the coupling coefficient between the tag antenna 112 and the reader antenna 102 are adjusted by adjusting the first distance L1 and the second distance L2. Adjust k1.
- the signal intensity between the tag antenna 112 and the reader antenna 102 is changed according to the coupling coefficient k2 that changes depending on the presence or absence of the article to be managed 105, and the article to be managed 105 is changed by the change in the signal intensity. Determine the presence or absence.
- the relationship between the first distance L1, the second distance L2, the coupling coefficients k1, k2, and the effect of the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment based on the setting will be described below.
- electromagnetic coupling is used, but the coupling coefficient indicating the strength of this electromagnetic coupling can be evaluated relatively easily by an electromagnetic simulator.
- the electromagnetic field coupling when the wavelength of the radio signal between the tag antenna 112 and the reader antenna 102 is ⁇ , the distance from the wave source (for example, the antenna) is ⁇ / 2 ⁇ ( ⁇ is the pi).
- the near region is the reactive near field, the distance is longer than ⁇ / 2 ⁇ and the near region is the radiative near field, and these two regions are combined to form the near field ( near-field region).
- the electromagnetic field has a complex aspect, and there exists a non-negligible intensity ratio between the quasi-electrostatic magnetic field, the induction electromagnetic field, and the radiated electromagnetic field, and the resultant electromagnetic field vector is also spatial.
- Changes in time variously.
- the electric field E [V / m] and the magnetic field H [A / m] formed by this antenna are indicated by a spherical coordinate system (r, ⁇ , ⁇ ) and a phasor display. It can be represented by formulas (1) to (4).
- the charge stored in the minute dipole antenna is q [C]
- the length of the antenna is l [m]
- the wavelength is ⁇ [m]
- from the wave source to the observation point was set to r [m].
- ⁇ is a circular constant
- ⁇ is a dielectric constant
- ⁇ is a magnetic permeability.
- the term proportional to 1 / r 3 is a quasi-electrostatic magnetic field
- the term proportional to 1 / r 2 is an induction electromagnetic field
- the term proportional to 1 / r is radiated.
- the electromagnetic field is shown. Since these electromagnetic field components have different dependencies on the distance r, the relative strength changes depending on the distance r.
- FIG. 5 shows a table illustrating the quasi-electrostatic field in FIG. 5 in a field E theta, induced electric field, the dependence on the distance r normalized by the wavelength ⁇ for the relative intensity of the radiation field.
- the second row of the table shown in FIG. 5 shows the distance converted with a free space wavelength of 950 MHz which is almost the same as the frequency of UHF (Ultra High Frequency) band RFID permitted by the domestic radio law.
- UHF Ultra High Frequency
- each electric field strength decreases and each component ratio also changes.
- the electric field strength increases in the order of quasi-electrostatic field, induction field, and radiation field
- the field strength decreases in order of quasi-electrostatic field, induction field, and radiation field.
- the contribution of the quasi-electrostatic field and the induced electric field is extremely small in the region where r> ⁇ , and only the radiated electric field component is present in the far field where r> 2 ⁇ .
- the quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and the induction electromagnetic field have an r-direction component and a ⁇ -direction component in addition to the ⁇ -direction component, It has components in various directions.
- the quasi-electrostatic field and the induced electromagnetic field that remain in the vicinity of the antenna are dominant in the reactive near field. Strong electromagnetic field strength. In the near field of radiation, in general, the absolute electromagnetic field strength becomes weaker as the distance from the wave source becomes longer. In addition, the relative strength of the quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and the induction electromagnetic field is weakened, and the relative strength of the radiated electromagnetic field is increased. As described above, a quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and an induction electromagnetic field exist in the near field, and the coupling between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 and the coupling between the tag antenna 112 and the managed article 105 are performed by these electromagnetic fields. Arise.
- the distance r between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 satisfies the relationship r> ⁇ , and a radiated electromagnetic field is used for communication.
- the reader antenna 102 is a resonant antenna typified by a patch antenna.
- the electromagnetic field strength varies greatly depending on the location along the antenna due to the standing wave in the resonant antenna. For example, the amplitude is the largest near the top of the standing wave, and the amplitude is 0 at the midpoint of the standing wave.
- a coupling circuit can be formed by electromagnetic coupling between antennas through a quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and an induction electromagnetic field that exist in the near field of r ⁇ , and more preferably in the reactive near field of r ⁇ / 2 ⁇ . .
- a large space is not required between the RFID reader and the RF tag according to the conditions.
- a resonant antenna is simply used as the reader antenna 102, a dead area is formed, which hinders use.
- the standing wave antenna is generally about ⁇ in size, and when used in proximity to the tag, the cover area becomes extremely narrow.
- the reader antenna 102 connected to the RFID reader 103 is configured with an open transmission line that is matched and terminated, and the tag transmission antenna 112 of the RF tag 104 and the open transmission line.
- the RF tag 104 is arranged so that and are electromagnetically coupled.
- an open transmission line with less radio wave emission is used as the reader antenna 102 of the RFID reader 103, so that the reader antenna 102 passes through a quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and an induction electromagnetic field generated around the open transmission line.
- the tag antenna 112 are electromagnetically coupled to form a coupling circuit. That is, an open transmission line is used as a traveling wave antenna that operates in the near field.
- the reader antenna 102 With this configuration, a large space is not required between the reader antenna 102 and the RF tag 104.
- communication between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 is performed at a short distance through the coupling circuit, there is no human or the like between the occurrence of the multipath phenomenon and the place where the reader antenna 102 and the managed article 105 are disposed. It is possible to suppress erroneous detection due to a thing entering.
- an open transmission line terminated with matching is used as the reader antenna 102, the main component of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the antenna does not generate a standing wave but propagates as a traveling wave to the matching end.
- the standing wave ratio is 2 or less, preferably 1.2 or less. means.
- a traveling wave antenna can be formed by utilizing the electromagnetic field distribution in such a transmission line.
- the electromagnetic field formed in the space around the line has a relatively small radiated electromagnetic field, and an electrostatic magnetic field and an induction electromagnetic field are main components.
- the electromagnetic field intensity of the electrostatic magnetic field and the induction electromagnetic field is stronger than that of the radiated electromagnetic field, and the electromagnetic field intensity obtained from the RF tag 104 is increased even when the reader is operating with the same output. In other words, it is possible to form an environment in which the radiation electromagnetic field is not scattered around while guaranteeing the operation of the tag.
- the electromagnetic field distribution in the vicinity of the antenna is extremely non-uniform according to the standing wave inside the antenna.
- the area where 105 can be managed is limited.
- a traveling wave antenna composed of an open transmission line described in the present embodiment there is no portion that does not change like a node in the electromagnetic field distribution even in the vicinity of the antenna, and it always changes everywhere. Therefore, even in the near field, the electromagnetic field associated with the standing wave along the antenna becomes uniform, so that there is no area where the tag information of the RF tag 104 cannot be read. That is, the degree of freedom of arrangement of the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 is improved.
- the article management system 1 since this traveling wave is used as a signal to communicate through electromagnetic coupling between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112, unlike the resonance type antenna, there is no insensitive area, which hinders use. It does not occur. Therefore, the article management system 1 extends the transmission line regardless of the wavelength within a range in which the strength of the quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and the induction electromagnetic field generated around the open transmission line is sufficiently large to operate the RF tag 104, A large cover area can be taken. That is, in the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment, by using the above-described open transmission line, the radiation loss of power is suppressed and the cover area can be easily expanded.
- the open transmission line referred to here is basically a transmission line intended to transmit electromagnetic waves in the longitudinal direction of the line while suppressing radiation, and refers to an open type.
- Examples include balanced two-wire transmission lines and similar transmission lines, transmission lines such as microstrip lines, coplanar lines, and slot lines, and grounded coplanar lines and triplate lines that are modifications of these transmission lines.
- an antenna that spreads in a plane that transmits signals by changing the electromagnetic field in the gap region sandwiched between the mesh-like conductor portion and the sheet-like conductor portion and the leaching region on the outer side of the mesh-like conductor portion depends on the conditions. It is possible to use.
- This planar antenna has a standing wave mixed therein and operates as a traveling wave antenna although it is incomplete, and can be used if the non-uniformity of the electromagnetic field distribution caused by the standing wave can be ignored.
- a shielded transmission line that does not generate such an electromagnetic field around the transmission line such as a coaxial cable or a waveguide that shields the periphery of the transmission line, cannot be used without special measures for leaking the electromagnetic field.
- an electromagnetic field exists in a region between the opposing conductive sheet bodies, and the electromagnetic field is changed by changing the voltage between the two conductive sheet bodies.
- an electromagnetic wave transmission sheet that changes the voltage between them to advance the electromagnetic field in a desired direction.
- this electromagnetic wave transmission sheet may be regarded as a kind of the open transmission line of the present invention when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the sheet.
- the electromagnetic wave transmission sheet is not necessarily optimal for the implementation of the present invention due to the standing wave in the sheet.
- the upper surface of the waveguide becomes a metal mesh sufficiently finer than the wavelength, and the evanescent wave can be regarded as leaking from the upper surface.
- Such a transmission line having a plurality of slots in which electromagnetic fields leak with an interval, width and length generally less than 1/10 of the wavelength is an open transmission line of the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- crankline antennas and meanders are designed to obtain a certain radiated electromagnetic field strength by designing a crank shape with the intention of radiating strongly from an open transmission line or by actively using higher-order modes.
- a traveling wave antenna for electromagnetic radiation in the far field using a line antenna, a leaky coaxial cable, etc. is different from an open transmission line of the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- These are preferentially radiated from a crank shape or slot periodically provided with a size of about the wavelength, generally 1/10 or more of the wavelength. The intensity varies greatly depending on the location. Therefore, when using in the near field, the reading of tag information may become unstable, or the tag may not be read depending on the location.
- the allocated frequency is different in each country in the world, and it is distributed in a band of about 860 to 960 MHz. This has a wide range of about 10% as a specific band, and requires a significant change in the design of the resonance point of the resonance antenna and the cycle of the crank, meander, and slot.
- the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment uses an open transmission line with an extremely wide band from the beginning, the same antenna can be used as the reader antenna 102 without any particular change.
- the management target article 105 is placed apart from the RF tag 104 so that the management target article 105 and the tag antenna 112 of the RF tag 104 are electromagnetically coupled.
- a managed article placement area 110 is provided. Therefore, when the management target article 105 is present, the management target article 105 and the tag antenna 112 form a coupling circuit, so that the resonance frequency of the tag antenna 112 changes compared to the case where the management target article 105 is not present, The feeding point impedance of the antenna 112 changes.
- the tag antenna 112 generally resonates at the frequency of the signal used for communication in free space, the feed point impedance is adjusted, and the reception sensitivity is maximized.
- the reception sensitivity is lowered, and the operation of the tag antenna 112 when a reflected signal is sent to the RFID reader 103 is also adversely affected. As a result, the power reception sensitivity with respect to the signal used for communication falls. Further, the transmission output of the signal reflected by the RF tag 104 is also reduced. Therefore, the RF tag 104 cannot receive a signal from the RFID reader 103, or the received power of the signal is low, so that the operation power of the tag cannot be secured, or the tag cannot generate a reflected electromagnetic field with sufficient strength. As a result, the RFID reader 103 cannot read the tag information of the RF tag 104. Alternatively, the intensity and phase of the reflected electromagnetic field that reaches the RFID reader 103 change greatly with changes in the resonance frequency of the tag.
- the RFID reader 103 can detect that there is an article to be managed 105. That is, as a result of the change in the operational characteristics of the tag antenna 112 due to the presence / absence of the management target article 105, the RFID reader 103 can detect the intensity and phase change of the reflected signal from the RF tag 104, and manage from the detection result. The presence or absence of the target article can be detected.
- the management target article 105 it is not always necessary for the management target article 105 to block the prospects of the RF tag 104 and the RFID reader 103 to detect the presence or absence of the management target article 105. Since it is only necessary to provide a place to place the management target article 105 away from the tag antenna 112 (or the RF tag 104) so that the tag 105 is electromagnetically coupled to the tag antenna 112, the arrangement of the articles to be managed is not necessarily RFID. The arrangement is not limited between the reader 103 and the RF tag 104, and a free arrangement is possible.
- the article management system 1 does not look at the fact that the article is arranged in the vicinity of the reader antenna 102 to which power is supplied, from the change of the operating characteristics of the reader antenna 102, A change in operating characteristics is determined based on a change in a read signal of tag information in the RFID reader 103 via the reader antenna 102.
- the RF tag 104 by interposing the RF tag 104, the degree of freedom of the relative position of the place where the reader antenna 102 and the management target article 105 are arranged can be improved.
- the presence or absence of a plurality of management target articles 105 can be detected by arranging a plurality of RF tags 104.
- the electromagnetic field formed in the place where the tag antenna 112 places the management target article 105 includes components of a quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and an induction electromagnetic field in addition to the radiated electromagnetic field. Therefore, the electromagnetic field component spreads in various directions as compared with a normal far-field radiation electromagnetic field component. Therefore, the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment can improve the degree of freedom of the relative position between the article to be managed and the tag.
- the article management system 1 is based on the RFID system, and the RF tag 104 has a unique ID (tag information), and multiple access is possible based on the tag information. Therefore, if the tag information of the RF tag 104 and the location where the management target article 105 is arranged are linked, the location where the management target article 105 is located can be identified from the tag information of the RF tag 104 that cannot be read. On the other hand, when there is no management target article 105, the RF tag 104 responds to a signal from the RFID reader 103, and the RFID reader 103 can read the tag information of the RF tag 104.
- the tag information of the RF tag 104 can be read with the intensity of the normal reflected electromagnetic field, so that it can be detected that there is no management target article 105. Further, the location where the management target article 105 is not present can be identified from the tag information of the read RF tag 104. Also, when managing a plurality of management target articles 105, the tag information attached to the location where the management target article 105 is arranged is different, so that the location can be specified and the article management can be performed. Since the presence / absence of the management target article 105 can be detected as described above, the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment can manage the presence / absence of the management target article 105 without having to attach the RF tag 104 to the management article.
- a place for placing the management target article 105 away from the RF tag 104 is provided so that the management target article 105 is electromagnetically coupled to the tag antenna 112 of the RF tag 104. Since the RF tag 104 is not attached to the management target article 105 and the RF tag 104 can be used repeatedly, the tag cost per article is substantially divided by the number of times the tag is used. . That is, it goes without saying that the problem of the high cost of the RF tag 104 can be solved by repeating a sufficient number of times of use.
- the article management system 1 since the RF tag 104 is not attached to the management target article 105, privacy infringement or information caused by illegally reading the RF tag 104 attached to the management target article 105. Does not cause security problems. That is, the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment does not cause a problem of illegal reading of tag information by a third party.
- the article management system 1 is configured such that the wavelength of the signal used for communication between the RFID reader 103 and the RF tag 104 is ⁇ , and the first management between the management target article 105 and the tag antenna 112 is performed.
- a managed article placement area 110 is provided in which the managed article 105 is placed so that the distance L1 satisfies the relationship of L1 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the second distance L2 that is the line-of-sight distance between the reader antenna 102 of the RFID reader 103 and the tag antenna 112 of the RF tag 104 satisfies the relationship L2 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the distance in the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment is a distance in radio wave propagation, and substantially coincides with the shortest geometric distance.
- the tag antenna 112 of the RF tag 104 can be electromagnetically coupled through a quasi-electrostatic magnetic field or an induction electromagnetic field. Since the human body also contains a large amount of moisture as the management target article 105, it can be detected and used for human flow line management.
- the components of the quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and the induction electromagnetic field exist in the near field of the tag antenna 112 with non-negligible intensities.
- the component causes electromagnetic field coupling between the tag antenna 112 and the managed article 105 via mutual inductance, capacitance, or the like. Therefore, the circuit constant of the tag antenna 112 changes depending on the presence / absence of the management target article 105, and the operating characteristics of the tag antenna 112 change. Further, the resonance frequency of the tag antenna 112 changes as a more easily understandable change depending on the presence / absence of the management target article 105.
- the tag antenna 112 is a standing wave antenna based on a dipole antenna.
- high sensitivity is realized by setting the resonance frequency of the tag antenna 112 according to the frequency of wireless communication.
- the state where the resonance frequency of the tag antenna 112 resonates at the set frequency corresponds to the state where there is no managed object 105.
- the tag antenna 112 is coupled to the management target article 105, so that the resonance frequency generally decreases. Therefore, the sensitivity of the tag antenna 112 at the radio communication frequency is greatly reduced. For example, when the operating power of the RFID chip 111 cannot be provided due to a decrease in reception sensitivity, the RF tag 104 does not respond to an inquiry from the RFID reader 103. Alternatively, even when operating power can be covered, the tag antenna 112 cannot cause an electromagnetic field change in a sufficiently strong space due to the modulation signal generated by the RFID chip 111.
- the RF tag 104 does not respond to the inquiry from the RFID reader 103 when the management target article 105 is present, or the reflected electromagnetic field from the RF tag 104 is smaller than when the management target article 105 is not present.
- the intensity changes greatly.
- the article management system 1 detects the presence / absence of the management target article 105 without attaching the RF tag 104 to the management target article 105, and manages the presence / absence of the management target article 105. be able to.
- the article management system 1 in order to cause a change in the response of the RF tag 104 depending on the presence / absence of the management target article 105, a first distance between the RF tag 104 and the management target article 105 is used.
- L1 only needs to satisfy the relationship of L1 ⁇ ⁇ , and the prospect of the RF tag 104 and the reader antenna 102 does not need to be blocked by the management target article 105. That is, the arrangement of the management target article 105 is not limited between the tag antenna 112 and the RF tag 104 of the RFID reader 103, and the degree of freedom of arrangement is improved. For example, when detecting the presence / absence of a product on a product display shelf, the reader antenna 102 and the RF tag 104 can be incorporated into the shelf board, and the antenna is hidden, so that the appearance is extremely excellent.
- the present invention is not limited to this. If the resonance frequency is shifted, the presence / absence of the article may be detected by sweeping the wireless communication frequency within a range legally permitted by the reader and detecting the deviation of the resonance frequency. Also, the phase changes greatly before and after the resonance frequency. Therefore, it goes without saying that the presence / absence of an article can also be detected by observing the phase change.
- the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 are within the range of the near field. Be inside.
- the line-of-sight distance L ⁇ b> 2 means the distance between the strip conductor 102 a that is a particularly strong wave source in the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112.
- the article management system 1 since the presence or absence of an article is determined based on an analog quantity, that is, the intensity of the reflected electromagnetic field from the RF tag 104, a change in the reflected electromagnetic field intensity due to radio wave interference causes erroneous detection.
- an analog quantity that is, the intensity of the reflected electromagnetic field from the RF tag 104
- a change in the reflected electromagnetic field intensity due to radio wave interference causes erroneous detection.
- the radio communication between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 is centered on direct waves, and radio wave interference due to the multipath phenomenon hardly occurs. Therefore, erroneous detection can be suppressed.
- the electromagnetic field formed by each antenna of the RFID reader 103 and the RF tag 104 includes a quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and an induction electromagnetic field component in addition to the radiated electromagnetic field. Therefore, the electromagnetic field component spreads in various directions as compared with the case of only a normal far-field radiation electromagnetic field component. Therefore, in the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment, the degree of freedom of the relative position between the reader antenna 102 and the RF tag 104 can be improved.
- the presence / absence of an article such as the intensity or phase change of the reflected electromagnetic field from the RF tag 104 or the resonance frequency change of the tag antenna 112 is determined.
- the accompanying radio wave interference leads to false detection.
- the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment by satisfying the relationship of L2 ⁇ ⁇ , the wireless communication between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 is centered on the direct wave and reflects the surrounding environment.
- the radio interference caused by the multipath phenomenon is less likely to occur. Therefore, erroneous detection can be suppressed.
- the shelf is often made of metal or a metal refrigerated case, but the system can be stably operated even in such an environment.
- the line-of-sight distance L2 between the reader antenna 102 and the RF tag 104 is UHF, which is one of the frequencies of the RFID standard, by satisfying the relationship of L2 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the band is about 0.3 m or less, and the 2.4 GHz band is about 0.12 m or less.
- the distance L1 between the managed article placement region 110 and the RF tag 104 also satisfies the relationship of L1 ⁇ ⁇ , in the UHF band, which is one of the frequencies of the RFID standard, about 0.3 m or less, 2.4 GHz The band is about 0.12 m or less.
- the interval between the reader antenna 102 and the managed object placement area 110 is also in this order and becomes narrower. Therefore, by using the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment, by narrowing the interval between the management target article 105 and the RF tag 104 or the reader antenna 102, an object or person different from the management target article 105 may enter. Can be suppressed and erroneous detection can be suppressed.
- the first distance L1 satisfies the relationship L1 ⁇ ⁇ / 2 ⁇ when the circumference ratio is ⁇ .
- the managed object 105 affects the frequency characteristics of the tag antenna 112
- the first distance L1 is located within the reactive near field that satisfies the relationship of L1 ⁇ ⁇ / 2 ⁇ , L1> ⁇ /
- the intensity of the electromagnetic field formed by the tag antenna 112 is stronger than in the case of the 2 ⁇ radiation near field.
- the contribution of the quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and the induction electromagnetic field that remain in the vicinity of the antenna becomes relatively large, and the contribution of the radiated electromagnetic field becomes small.
- the coupling between the management target article 105 and the tag antenna 112 becomes strong.
- the influence of the presence / absence of the management target article 105 on the operation characteristics of the tag antenna 112 is increased. Therefore, the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment also increases the change in the reflected electromagnetic field transmitted from the RF tag 104 to the RFID reader 103, becomes an article management system that is resistant to disturbances and noise, and can suppress false detection.
- the article management system 1 it is desirable that the line-of-sight distance L2 satisfies the relationship of L2 ⁇ ⁇ / 2 ⁇ .
- the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment is closer to the antenna than the case where the line-of-sight distance L2 is L2> ⁇ / 2 ⁇ .
- the contribution of the remaining quasi-electrostatic magnetic field and induction electromagnetic field is relatively large, and the coupling between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 is strengthened.
- the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment communication between the RFID reader 103 and the RF tag 104 is also less susceptible to disturbance and noise.
- the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment can realize an article management system that is less susceptible to disturbance and noise.
- the electromagnetic field components of the quasi-electrostatic magnetic field, the induction electromagnetic field, and the radiated electromagnetic field are mixed with sufficient strength, and the vector direction changes with time, the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment. Can improve the degree of freedom of the relative orientation of the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112.
- the line-of-sight distance between the reader antenna 102 and the RF tag 104 is one of the frequencies of the RFID standard by satisfying the relationship of L2 ⁇ ⁇ / 2 ⁇ .
- the band is about 0.05 m or less and the 2.4 GHz band is about 0.02 m or less. Therefore, according to the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment, an article management system that does not require a large space between the reader antenna 102 and the RF tag 104 can be realized.
- the reader antenna 102, the RF tag 104, and an article to be managed can be stored in a product shelf.
- by narrowing the interval it is possible to further prevent people and objects from entering between them, and to suppress erroneous detection caused by blocking the line of sight.
- the RF tag 104 is not affixed to a product, for example, the reader antenna 102 is laid on the bottom of the product shelf, and the coupling coefficient is adjusted on the RF tag 104. It is easy to arrange 104 so as to satisfy the relationship of L2 ⁇ ⁇ / 2 ⁇ , and further to arrange a product to be managed thereon. Therefore, in the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment, it is possible to use an open transmission line for the purpose of basically suppressing radiation and transmitting electromagnetic waves in the longitudinal direction of the line.
- the reader antenna 102 that suppresses radiation whose intensity is attenuated only at 1 / r and uses a quasi-electrostatic magnetic field attenuated at 1 / r 3 or an induced electromagnetic field attenuated at 1 / r 2 as a main electromagnetic field component.
- the first distance L1 and the second distance L2 satisfy the relationship of L2> L1.
- the strength of electromagnetic coupling varies depending on the structure of the antenna and resonator, and the characteristics of the medium between the antennas, but also greatly depends on the distance.
- the coupling coefficient k2 between the management target article placement area 110 where the management target article 105 is placed and the tag antenna 112 is determined as a reader antenna.
- the coupling coefficient k1 between 102 and the tag antenna 112 can be made larger.
- the change in the reflected wave intensity due to the change in the frequency characteristics of the tag antenna 112 due to the presence or absence of the article becomes larger than the maintenance of the communication between the tag antenna 112 and the reader antenna 102. . That is, since the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment can reliably grasp the presence / absence of the article to be managed 105, erroneous detection can be suppressed.
- the coupling coefficient k1 between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 is preferably set to a value of 10 ⁇ 5 or more.
- the power receiving sensitivity that gives the operation limit of the current UHF band RF tag is approximately ⁇ 20 dBm.
- the output of the high-power UHF band RFID reader is 30 dBm. Therefore, when the coupling coefficient k1 is a value of 10 ⁇ 5 or more, power for operating the UHF band RF tag can be supplied.
- the coupling coefficient k1 between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112 is set to a value of 10 ⁇ 2 or less.
- the tag antenna 112 is regarded as a dipole resonator
- the reader antenna 102 for example, an open transmission line
- the tag antenna 112 are electromagnetically coupled.
- the open transmission line and the resonator are coupled, a circuit is obtained. Can be interpreted. Therefore, if the coupling coefficient is too strong, the operation of the open transmission line is greatly affected, and as a result, the operation of the other RF tag 104 as a coupled resonator system is also affected.
- a situation where a plurality of resonators are coupled in parallel to the open transmission line is considered as a circuit of a band rejection filter.
- the no-load Q value is approximately 100 or less, so if the coupling coefficient k1 that determines the ratio band is 10 ⁇ 2 or less, Almost no influence on the operation of the open transmission line. Therefore, by setting the coupling coefficient k1 to a value of 10 ⁇ 2 or less, it is possible to suppress the coupling of the tag antenna 112 from affecting the open transmission line, and the RFID reader 103 coupled in parallel to the open transmission line can be suppressed. The mutual influence between them can also be suppressed.
- the article management system 1 includes the management target article 105 and the tag antenna 112 when the management target article 105 exists in the management target article placement area 110 and the coupling coefficient k1 between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112. It is desirable that the coupling coefficient k2 satisfies the relationship of k1 ⁇ k2. According to the present invention, k1 ⁇ k2, that is, the coupling coefficient k2 between the managed article placement region 110 and the tag antenna 112 is made larger than the coupling coefficient k1 between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112.
- the change in the reflected signal intensity due to the change in the frequency characteristics of the tag antenna 112 due to the presence or absence of an article becomes larger than the maintenance of the communication between the reader antenna 102 and the tag antenna 112. That is, in the article management system 1 according to the first embodiment, the presence / absence of the article to be managed 105 can be reliably detected, so that erroneous detection can be suppressed.
- the arrangement relationship between the reader antenna 102, the RF tag 104, and the management target article 105 has been specifically described.
- the relative positions and orientations of these components are the specific examples shown in FIG. It is not limited to.
- the presence / absence of a management target article can be managed without providing the management target article with an RF tag.
- the management target article can be specified using the configuration of the article management system 1 by providing an identification tag for the management target article.
- the article management system 10 according to the first embodiment using an identification tag will be described in detail.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the article management system 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the article management system 10 according to the first embodiment includes a reader 103, a management shelf 11, and an RF tag 104.
- the identification tag 20 used in the article management system 10 according to the first embodiment and the management target article 105 provided with the identification tag 20 are not shown.
- the management shelf 11 includes a dielectric layer 101 and a reader antenna 102.
- a tag sheet including the RF tag 104 is laid on the upper part of the management shelf 11 (the surface on which the reader antenna 102a is disposed). This tag sheet is spread on the surface of the management shelf 11 in a grid pattern.
- the reader antenna 102a is wired under each tag sheet.
- the reader 103 includes, for example, a processing unit 11 that can perform arithmetic processing, such as a computer, and a storage unit 12.
- the storage unit 12 includes a first table indicating a correspondence relationship between the tag sheet position and the tag information of the RF tag, and a second table indicating a correspondence relationship between an identification pattern formed on an identification tag, which will be described later, and an article to be managed. And the table.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining the identification tag 20 used in the article management system 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the identification tag 20 is provided on the back surface (the surface facing the tag sheet) of the management target article 105.
- the identification tag 20 has the pattern formation sheet 21 in which an identification pattern is formed, and the spacer 22 provided in the surface by the side of the management object goods of a pattern formation sheet.
- the coupling coefficient between the RF tag 104 and the management target article 105 differs depending on the property such as the difference in dielectric constant of the management target article 105. Therefore, by adjusting the thickness T of the spacer 22 of the identification tag 20 according to the property of the management target article 105, malfunction of the article management system 10 can be prevented. For example, it is preferable to increase the thickness T of the spacer 22 when the dielectric constant of the article to be managed 105 is high, and to reduce the thickness T of the spacer 22 when the dielectric constant of the article to be managed 105 is low.
- an identification pattern for identifying an identification tag is formed on the pattern forming sheet 21.
- the identification pattern includes a first pattern 23 having a high dielectric constant and a second pattern 24 having a low dielectric constant.
- the shape is specified by the first pattern 23 having a high conductivity and the second pattern 24 having a low conductivity.
- the pattern forming sheet 21 is provided with a frame set in a lattice shape. Then, either one of the first pattern and the second pattern is formed on the pattern forming sheet 21 for each frame.
- a member having a high conductivity such as a metal foil is suitable for the first pattern
- a member having a low conductivity such as a plastic is suitable for the second pattern.
- an adhesive member such as a double-sided tape or an adhesive member is provided on the surface of the identification tag 20 that faces the management target article 105.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the identification pattern of the identification tag according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows four examples.
- the identification pattern has a different shape for each identification tag 20.
- it is preferable that each pattern is a different pattern even when the identification tag 20 is rotated.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a usage state of the article management system 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the articles to be managed 31 to 34 are placed on the tag sheet.
- the management target article 31 is provided with the pattern A identification tag 20 shown in FIG.
- the management object 32 is provided with the pattern B identification tag 20 shown in FIG.
- the management target article 33 is provided with the identification card 20 of the pattern C shown in FIG.
- the management object 34 is provided with the identification tag 20 having the pattern D shown in FIG.
- the RFID reader 103 reads the tag information of the RF tag 104 included in the tag sheet. Then, the RFID reader 103 recognizes the identification pattern in the processing unit 12 based on the read tag information. Further, the processing unit 12 refers to the first table and the second table stored in the storage unit 13 and specifies the positions of the management target articles 31 to 34 and the management target articles.
- the processing unit 12 can recognize that the management target article 31 exists at the position where the tag information is read.
- the signal intensity of the response signal from the RF tag 104 is small.
- the signal strength of the response signal from the RF tag 104 is large. Therefore, in the processing unit 12, the pattern that can identify the tag information by the response signal having a strong signal strength is a pattern formed by the white frame of the identification pattern shown in FIG. 8. In the pattern recognition process in the processing unit 12, various pattern recognition processes in the field of image processing and the like can be applied.
- the identification tag 20 having a different identification pattern for each identification tag is provided in the management target article, and the identification pattern is identified from the read result of the tag information of the RF tag 104. Recognize patterns. Thereby, in the article management system 10 according to the first exemplary embodiment, it is possible to specify the management target article associated with the recognized identification pattern.
- the identification tag 20 does not include an expensive member such as a semiconductor chip like the RF tag 104, an increase in running cost due to the use of the identification tag 20 can be suppressed.
- the identification pattern can be manufactured by an inexpensive manufacturing method such as a printing technique.
- the identification tag 20 one identification pattern and one identification tag are associated with each other. However, the same identification pattern is formed on a plurality of identification tags, and the identification pattern is used as an identification tag indicating the type of article to be managed. You can also
- Embodiment 2 In the second embodiment, another form of the identification pattern of the identification tag 20 will be described.
- An example of the identification pattern of the identification tag 40 according to the second embodiment is shown in FIG.
- the size of the frame provided in a lattice shape is set based on the size of the tag sheet.
- the vertical width H2 of the frame is set to be twice or more the vertical width H1 of the tag sheet.
- the horizontal width W2 of the frame is set to be twice or more the horizontal width W1 of the tag sheet.
- the vertical width H2 of the frame is preferably at least three times the vertical width H1 of the tag sheet.
- it is preferable that the horizontal width W2 of the frame is not less than three times the horizontal width W1 of the tag sheet.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a usage state of the article management system using the identification tag 40 according to the second embodiment.
- a management target article 41 provided with an identification tag 40 having a pattern A and a management target article 42 provided with an identification tag 40 having a pattern B are placed on a tag sheet. Is.
- the area where the tag sheet and one frame of the identification pattern overlap is increased even if the position of the identification tag 40 is shifted from the grid of the tag sheet.
- the vertical width H2 of one frame of the identification pattern is set to three times or more of the vertical width H1 of the tag sheet and the horizontal width W2 of one frame of the identification pattern is set to three times or more of the horizontal width W1 of the tag sheet, Even if the position 40 is deviated from the grid of the tag sheet, at least one tag sheet is positioned under the frame of the identification pattern.
- the article management system 10 according to the second embodiment has a higher detection than the article management system according to the first embodiment, regardless of the position of the identification tag 40 and the position of the tag sheet. Accuracy can be ensured.
- Embodiment 3 In the third embodiment, another form of the identification pattern of the identification tag 20 will be described.
- An example of the identification pattern of the identification tag 50 according to the third embodiment is shown in FIG.
- the size of the frame provided in a lattice shape is set based on the size of the tag sheet.
- the vertical width H2 and the horizontal width W2 of the frame are set to be twice or more the diagonal length D of the tag sheet.
- the vertical width H2 and the horizontal width W2 of a frame shall be 3 times or more of the length D height of the diagonal of a tag sheet.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a usage state of the article management system using the identification tag 50 according to the third embodiment.
- a management target article 51 provided with an identification tag 50 having a pattern A and a management target article 52 provided with an identification tag 50 having a pattern B are placed on a tag sheet. Is.
- the identification tag 50 even when the position of the identification tag 50 is inclined with respect to the lattice of the tag sheet, the area where the tag sheet and one frame of the identification pattern overlap. Can be increased.
- the vertical width H2 and the horizontal width W2 of one frame of the identification pattern are set to be not less than three times the diagonal length D of the tag sheet, the position of the identification tag 50 is inclined with respect to the grid of the tag sheet. Even if it exists, at least 1 tag sheet will be located under the frame of an identification pattern.
- the article management system 10 uses the identification tag 50 even when the position of the identification tag 50 is inclined with respect to the grid of the tag sheet. Higher detection accuracy than the article management system can be ensured.
- FIG. 14 shows an example of the identification pattern of the identification tag 60 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the identification pattern has a reserved pattern formed by a predetermined pattern. This reserved pattern is a part of another pattern, and is formed at a predetermined position in the identification pattern.
- the reservation pattern area RSV in which the reservation pattern is formed is shown.
- a reserved pattern area RSV is set in an area located in the lower part of the identification pattern.
- a reserved pattern area RSV is set in an area located at the lower right of the identification pattern.
- the entire identification pattern of the patterns I and J is a reserved pattern.
- the patterns I and J are obtained by patterning the footprints on the back of the shoe, and the shape of the reserved pattern itself indicates the left foot pattern and the right foot pattern.
- hatching is changed between the first pattern constituting the reservation pattern and the first pattern constituting the normal identification pattern.
- This reservation pattern is a pattern that is commonly used for a plurality of identification tags.
- the RFID reader 103 recognizes the range of the identification tag by recognizing the shape of the reserved pattern in the processing unit 12. Further, the RFID reader 103 recognizes the direction of the identification tag by recognizing the shape of the reservation pattern, and recognizes the direction of the management target article based on the recognized direction.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a usage state of the article management system 10 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the articles to be managed 61 to 65 are arranged on the tag sheet.
- the management object 61 is provided with an identification tag 60 of pattern E, and is tilted to the left with respect to the lattice of the tag sheet.
- the RFID reader 103 recognizes the inclination of the management target article 61 based on the inclination of the reservation pattern.
- the management target article 62 is provided with an identification tag 60 of a pattern F, and is arranged so as to be inverted with respect to the normal position. Then, the RFID reader 103 recognizes that the managed article 62 is placed in an inverted position based on the position of the reservation pattern.
- the management target articles 63 and 64 are arranged close to each other.
- the RFID reader 103 recognizes the identification pattern range based on the position of the reserved pattern, and determines the identification pattern for each recognized range. Thereby, the RFID reader 103 recognizes that the management target articles 63 and 64 are arranged on the tag sheet.
- the management target item 65 has a pattern I identification tag 60. This pattern I is determined as a left foot pattern, and the RFID reader 103 recognizes that the left foot is upward in the drawing at the position of the management target article 65 by recognizing the shape of the pattern I.
- the identification tag 60 includes a reservation pattern.
- the article management system 10 according to the fourth embodiment can recognize not only the specification of the management target article and the position of the management target article, but also the inclination and orientation of the management target article. Further, in the article management system 10 according to the fourth embodiment, erroneous recognition of the identification pattern can be prevented even when the identification tag 60 provided on the management target article is adjacent.
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Abstract
Description
以下では、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態について説明する。まず、実施の形態1にかかる物品管理システムの全体を説明する前に、実施の形態1にかかる物品管理システムにおけるリーダアンテナ及びRFタグとの関係について説明する。そこで、図1に実施の形態1にかかる物品管理システムの一部を示す概略図を示す。以下の説明では、実施の形態1にかかる物品管理システムの一部を物品管理システム1と称す。図1に示すように、実施の形態1にかかる物品管理システム1は、リーダアンテナ102、RFIDリーダ103、RFタグ104、管理対象物品105を有する。ここで、リーダアンテナ102は、誘電体層101、ストリップ導体102a、グランド導体102g及び整合終端抵抗Rtにより構成されるものである。
実施の形態2では、識別票20の識別パターンの別の形態について説明する。そこで、実施の形態2にかかる識別票40の識別パターンの一例を図10に示す。図10に示すように、実施の形態2にかかる識別票40では、格子状に設けられた枠の大きさをタグシートの大きさに基づき設定する。
実施の形態3では、識別票20の識別パターンの別の形態について説明する。そこで、実施の形態3にかかる識別票50の識別パターンの一例を図12に示す。図12に示すように、実施の形態3にかかる識別票50では、格子状に設けられた枠の大きさをタグシートの大きさに基づき設定する。
実施の形態4では、識別票20の識別パターンの別の形態について説明する。そこで、実施の形態4にかかる識別票60の識別パターンの一例を図14に示す。図14に示すように、実施の形態4にかかる識別票60では、識別パターンが予め決定されたパターンにより形成される予約パターンを有する。この予約パターンは、別パターン内の一部であって、識別パターン内において予め決定された位置に形成される。
11 管理棚
12 処理部
13 記憶部
20 識別票
21 パターン形成シート
22 スペーサー
23 第1のパターン
24 第2のパターン
31~34 管理対象物品
40 識別票
41、42 管理対象物品
50 識別票
51、52 管理対象物品
60 識別票
61~65 管理対象物品
101 誘電体層
102 リーダアンテナ
102a リーダアンテナ
102ag グランド導体
102g グランド導体
103 RFIDリーダ
104 RFタグ
105 管理対象物品
110 管理対象物品配置領域
111 RFIDチップ
112 タグアンテナ
Rt 整合終端抵抗
Claims (20)
- 無線信号を送受信するリーダアンテナと、
それぞれがRFタグを含み、前記リーダアンテナの上部に敷設される複数のタグシートと、
前記リーダアンテナを介して前記RFタグに固有のタグ情報を読み出すRFIDリーダと、
管理対象物品に取り付けられ、前記管理対象物品と前記タグシートとの間に配置される識別票と、を有し、
前記識別票の前記タグシートに面する面には、第1のパターンと前記第1のパターンよりも誘電率又は導電率が低い第2のパターンとにより前記識別票を特定する識別パターンが形成される物品管理システム。 - 前記RFタグは、前記識別票の前記第1のパターンに近接する場合よりも、前記識別票の前記第2のパターンに近接する、或いは、前記識別票が上部にない場合の方が、強い信号強度で前記タグ情報を含む応答信号を出力する請求項1に記載の物品管理システム。
- 前記RFIDリーダは、
前記タグシートの位置と前記RFタグの前記タグ情報との対応関係を示す第1のテーブルと、前記識別パターンと前記管理対象物品との対応関係を示す第2のテーブルと、を格納する記憶手段と、
前記複数のタグシートのうち所定の範囲に敷設されたタグシートから読み出した前記タグ情報に基づき前記識別パターンを認識し、前記第1のテーブル及び前記第2のテーブルを参照して、前記管理対象物品の位置の特定と、前記管理対象物品の特定と、を行う処理手段とを有する請求項1又は2に記載の物品管理システム。 - 前記識別票は、
前記識別パターンが形成されるパターン形成シートと、
前記パターン形成シートの前記管理対象物品側の面に設けられるスペーサーと、を有する請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の物品管理システム。 - 前記識別パターンは、格子状に設定された枠毎に前記第1のパターンと前記第2のパターンとのいずれか一方が形成される請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の物品管理システム。
- 前記枠の縦幅は、前記タグシートの縦幅の2倍以上の大きさを有し、
前記枠の横幅は、前記タグシートの横幅の2倍以上の大きさを有する請求項5に記載の物品管理システム。 - 前記枠の縦幅及び横幅は、前記タグシートの対角線の長さの2倍以上の大きさを有する請求項5に記載の物品管理システム。
- 前記識別パターンは、予め決定されたパターンが形成される予約パターンを有する請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の物品管理システム。
- 前記予約パターンは、前記識別パターン内の一部であって、前記識別パターン内において予め決定された位置に形成される請求項8に記載の物品管理システム。
- 無線信号を送受信するリーダアンテナと、
それぞれがRFタグを含み、前記リーダアンテナの上部に敷設される複数のタグシートと、
前記リーダアンテナを介して前記RFタグのタグ情報を読み出すRFIDリーダと、
を有する物品管理システムの物品管理方法であって、
前記RFIDリーダが
所定の領域内で読み出せた前記タグ情報と読み出せなかった前記タグ情報とにより識別パターンを認識し、
前記識別パターンに基づき管理対象物品の特定と前記管理対象物品の位置の特定とを行う物品管理方法。 - 前記RFIDリーダは、
前記タグシートの位置と前記RFタグの前記タグ情報との対応関係を示す第1のテーブルと、前記識別パターンと前記管理対象物品との対応関係を示す第2のテーブルと、を格納する記憶手段と、
読み出した前記タグ情報に基づき前記識別パターンを認識し、前記第1のテーブル及び前記第2のテーブルを参照して、前記管理対象物品の位置の特定と、前記管理対象物品の特定と、を行う処理手段とを有する請求項10に記載の物品管理方法。 - 前記処理手段は、認識した前記識別パターン内に予め決定された予約パターンを認識し、前記予約パターンに基づき前記識別パターンの範囲を認識する請求項11に記載の物品管理方法。
- 前記処理手段は、前記予約パターンの向きに基づき前記管理対象物品の向きを認識する請求項12に記載の物品管理方法。
- 前記識別パターンは、前記管理対象物品に設けられ、前記管理対象物品と前記タグシートとの間に配置される識別票に設けられるパターンであって、
前記識別票には、第1のパターンと前記第1のパターンよりも誘電率又は導電率が低い第2のパターンとにより識別パターンが形成される請求項10乃至13のいずれか1項に記載の物品管理方法。 - 前記RFタグは、前記識別票の前記第1のパターンに近接する場合よりも、前記識別票の前記第2のパターンに近接する、或いは、前記識別票が上部にない場合の方が、強い信号強度で前記タグ情報を含む応答信号を出力する請求項14に記載の物品管理方法。
- 前記識別票は、
前記識別パターンが形成されるパターン形成シートと、
前記パターン形成シートの前記管理対象物品側の面に設けられるスペーサーと、を有する請求項14又は15に記載の物品管理方法。 - 前記識別パターンは、格子状に設定された枠毎に前記第1のパターンと前記第2のパターンとのいずれか一方が形成される請求項14乃至16のいずれか1項に記載の物品管理方法。
- 前記枠の縦幅は、前記タグシートの縦幅の2倍以上の大きさを有し、
前記枠の横幅は、前記タグシートの横幅の2倍以上の大きさを有する請求項17に記載の物品管理方法。 - 前記枠の縦幅及び横幅は、前記タグシートの対角線の長さの2倍以上の大きさを有する請求項17に記載の物品管理方法。
- 無線信号を送受信するリーダアンテナと、
それぞれがRFタグを含み、前記リーダアンテナの上部に敷設される複数のタグシートと、
前記リーダアンテナを介して前記RFタグに固有のタグ情報を読み出すRFIDリーダと、
を有し、
前記RFIDリーダは、前記複数のタグシートのうち所定の範囲に敷設されたタグシートから読み出した前記タグ情報に基づき認識した識別パターンの形状に基づき、管理対象物品の位置の特定と、前記管理対象物品の特定と、を行う物品管理システム。
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