WO2015064781A1 - Seawater desalination system using solar energy - Google Patents

Seawater desalination system using solar energy Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015064781A1
WO2015064781A1 PCT/KR2013/009745 KR2013009745W WO2015064781A1 WO 2015064781 A1 WO2015064781 A1 WO 2015064781A1 KR 2013009745 W KR2013009745 W KR 2013009745W WO 2015064781 A1 WO2015064781 A1 WO 2015064781A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seawater
unit
solar energy
desalination system
condensation
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PCT/KR2013/009745
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
류민웅
김태진
정영신
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(주) 엔티시
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Publication of WO2015064781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015064781A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a seawater desalination system using solar energy, and more particularly, by heating and evaporating seawater to generate seawater steam, and adopting an evaporation seawater desalination system of cooling condensation of the generated seawater steam to obtain fresh water.
  • a seawater desalination system using solar energy which can minimize external energy supply by using solar energy or solar energy using solar power as a heat source for evaporating seawater. .
  • the seawater desalination system refers to a series of systems that obtain water suitable for human use from water that is high in salinity, such as seawater, which is difficult for human use, and low in salinity, such as fresh water.
  • the seawater desalination system is an important part of the alternatives for stable alternative water resources around the world, and the size of the desalination plant is increasing in the global desalination market.
  • RO reverse osmosis
  • distillation distillation
  • Reverse osmosis is a method using a reverse osmosis phenomenon, a method that demand is increasing rapidly in recent years.
  • the reverse osmosis phenomenon is when the seawater is equilibrated with a constant pressure difference (osmotic pressure) higher than that of fresh water with a semi-permeable membrane (membrane) in between, and when the seawater is subjected to a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure (reverse osmosis), the pure water contained in the seawater It is a phenomenon that moves toward fresh water.
  • osmosis seawater is separated into fresh and concentrated water.
  • the evaporation method is a method of heating and evaporating sea water, condensing the steam to obtain fresh water.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the object of the present invention is to adopt a seawater desalination system of the evaporation method, while the structure is relatively simple, solar or solar power generation as a heat source for evaporating seawater
  • the object of the present invention is to adopt a seawater desalination system of the evaporation method, while the structure is relatively simple, solar or solar power generation as a heat source for evaporating seawater
  • solar energy using electric power it is possible to minimize the external energy supply, so it requires less maintenance costs, and uses latent heat, concentrated heat, and geothermal heat generated during the condensation of seawater steam before passing through the evaporator.
  • the present invention provides a seawater desalination system using solar energy having high efficiency by preheating and heating.
  • the present invention has been made in order to achieve the above object, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, in the seawater desalination system to obtain fresh water from seawater by evaporation method, to take seawater to be desalination target
  • a water intake unit A solar energy heat source unit for heating a thermal fluid using solar heat or solar power;
  • An evaporator for generating seawater vapor by evaporating seawater through heat exchange with a heat fluid heated in the solar energy heat source;
  • a condensation unit for condensing seawater vapor generated in the evaporation unit to obtain fresh water;
  • the condensation unit the chamber formed with a concentrated storage space in which the seawater vapor generated in the evaporator is introduced into the interior of the concentrated water is concentrated, and the cooling water into the interior so that the seawater steam introduced into the chamber is cooled and condensed Steam condensation plate with a condensation protrusion protruding downward and a cooling flow path is formed, and the upper and lower narrowing hopper collecting trap is
  • the evaporation unit is provided with a seawater evaporation plate is formed in a tubular or plate shape to evaporate seawater, the seawater evaporation plate is coated with a non-ferrous iron on the surface in contact with the seawater It is characterized by.
  • the seawater desalination system using solar energy in the seawater desalination system to obtain fresh water from the seawater by the evaporation method, the water intake unit for taking in seawater to be desalination; An evaporator which generates seawater vapor by heating seawater using solar heat or photovoltaic power; A condensation unit for condensing seawater vapor generated in the evaporation unit to obtain fresh water; Including, the condensation unit, the chamber formed with a concentrated storage space in which the seawater vapor generated in the evaporator is introduced into the interior of the concentrated water is concentrated, and the cooling water into the interior so that the seawater steam introduced into the chamber is cooled and condensed Steam condensation plate with a condensation protrusion protruding downward and a cooling flow path is formed, and the upper and lower narrowing hopper collecting trap is arranged to collect fresh water falling from the condensation protrusion and disposed below the steam condensation projection Characterized in that it comprises a fresh water collecting plate.
  • the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, the preheater for preheating the seawater before passing through the evaporator;
  • the preheating unit characterized in that for preheating the seawater using the latent heat generated in the process of condensing the seawater steam in the condensation unit.
  • the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention is characterized in that the cooling water flowing in the cooling flow path such that the steam condensation plate is the preheating portion is seawater which is drawn to the intake section and flows toward the evaporation section.
  • the condensation unit is operated by being supplied with power and having a cooling surface and a thermal surface by the Peltier effect, the cooling surface to cool the water vapor condensation plate, the water vapor Characterized in that it further comprises a thermoelectric element disposed in contact with the condensation plate.
  • the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention is disposed in the concentrated storage space of the chamber to heat the seawater before passing through the evaporator, the sea water through heat exchange with the concentrated water collected in the concentrated storage space
  • the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, the second heating unit for heating the seawater using geothermal heat to heat the seawater before passing through the evaporator; It further comprises.
  • the water intake unit is characterized in that it comprises a pre-treatment filter for removing the suspended matter or organic matter of the seawater withdrawn.
  • the seawater desalination system using solar energy is connected to the freshwater collection plate and the freshwater storage unit for storing fresh water discharged from the freshwater collection plate;
  • a concentrated water storage unit connected to the concentrated storage space of the chamber and storing the concentrated water discharged from the chamber; It further comprises.
  • the seawater desalination system using solar energy adopts an evaporation seawater desalination system, while the structure is relatively simple, but solar energy using solar heat or solar power as a heat source for evaporating seawater. By using it can minimize the external energy supply has the advantage of low maintenance costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the main part of the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • thermoelectric element 3 is a structural diagram of a typical thermoelectric element
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a seawater desalination system using solar energy according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of a major part of the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the solar energy source 100 the water intake 10, the preheating unit 20, the first heating The unit 30, the second heating unit 40, the evaporator 50, the condensation unit 60, the fresh water storage unit 70, and the concentrated water storage unit 80 are configured to be included.
  • the solar energy heat source unit 100 is configured to heat a thermal fluid using solar heat or photovoltaic power and use the heated thermal fluid as a heat source of the evaporator 50.
  • PTC Parabolic Trough Collector
  • the reflector plate 101 reflecting light when the reflector plate 101 reflecting light is attached to the inside of the 1/2 cylinder, a rod-shaped focus is formed at a predetermined point.
  • An endothermic receiver 102 is installed along the focus and the heat fluid
  • the heat fluid passing through the endothermic receiver 102 by the circulation motor P2 absorbs heat so that the heat fluid temperature at the outlet end is about 250 to 600 ° C.
  • the water intake unit 10 is configured to take seawater to be desalination, in one embodiment of the present invention is provided with a pre-treatment filter 11 for removing suspended matter or organic matter in the seawater.
  • the water intake section 10 is withdrawn by the pre-treated seawater from which the suspended matter or organic matter is removed by the pretreatment filter 11.
  • the preheating unit 20 is configured to preheat seawater before passing through the evaporation unit 50 which is pumped by the pump P1 from the water intake unit 10, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the condensation unit ( 60) to preheat the seawater using the latent heat generated in the process of condensing the seawater vapor.
  • a latent heat of about 597.3 kW / kg is generally generated in the phase change process in which the seawater vapor (gas) is condensed into fresh water (liquid) in the condensation unit 60.
  • the preheating unit 20 uses the latent heat. Preheat seawater.
  • the preheating unit 20 intakes the cooling water flowing through the cooling passage 621 of the water vapor condensation plate 62, which is one component of the condensation unit 60, to the water intake unit 10 in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the water vapor condensing plate 62 is configured to be the preheating unit 20 by replacing with sea water flowing toward the evaporator 50.
  • the first heating unit 30 is a configuration for heating the seawater before passing through the evaporator 50 past the preheater 20, in one embodiment of the present invention is one constitution of the condensation unit 60 It is arranged in the concentrated storage space 611 of the chamber 61 and is configured to heat the seawater through heat exchange with the relatively high temperature concentrated water collected in the concentrated storage space 611.
  • the second heating unit 40 is configured to heat the seawater before passing through the evaporator 50 past the first heating unit 30, in one embodiment of the present invention to heat the seawater by geothermal heat. It is composed.
  • the evaporator 50 generates seawater vapor by evaporating seawater passing through the second heating unit 40 through heat exchange with a heat fluid heated in the solar energy source 100.
  • the water vapor is configured to supply the chamber 61 of the condensation unit 60.
  • the evaporation unit 50 is formed in a tubular or plate shape is provided with a seawater evaporation plate (not shown) for evaporating seawater, the seawater evaporation plate (not shown) is coated with zero iron on the surface of the seawater contact pores It is configured to improve the seawater evaporation efficiency by being formed.
  • the condensation unit 60 is configured to obtain fresh water by condensing the seawater vapor generated in the evaporator 50.
  • the chamber 61, the steam condensation plate 62, and the freshwater collection are comprised.
  • the chamber 61 has a condensation accumulation space 611 in which the seawater vapor generated by the evaporator 50 is introduced into the condensate and the concentrated water is collected at a lower portion thereof. It is preferable to configure so that the inside may be in a vacuum state, etc.).
  • the first heating unit 30 is disposed in the concentrated storage space 611 to heat seawater through heat exchange with relatively high temperature concentrated water collected in the concentrated storage space 611. It is configured, the concentrated water collected in the concentrated storage space 611 is discharged when a predetermined amount or more is stored in the concentrated water storage unit 80.
  • the water vapor condensing plate 62 is formed with a cooling flow path 621 through which cooling water flows to cool and condense the seawater vapor introduced into the chamber 61, and condenses protruding downward to converge the condensed fresh water.
  • the protrusion 622 is provided, and the cooling surface 641 of the thermoelectric element 64 is in contact with each other for effective cooling.
  • the cooling water flowing through the cooling passage 621 is composed of sea water which is drawn to the water intake unit 10 and flows toward the evaporation unit 50, the steam condensation plate ( 621 is configured to perform the preheating unit 20 as well.
  • the freshwater collecting plate 63 is disposed below the water vapor condensing plate 62 and is provided with a collecting hopper 631 having a normal light narrowing shape to collect fresh water falling from the condensation protrusion 622.
  • the fresh water collected by the fresh water collecting plate 63 is configured to be discharged to the fresh water storage unit (70).
  • the thermoelectric element 64 is operated by being supplied with power and has a cooling surface 641 and a heating surface 642 due to the Peltier effect, and the cooling to condense the water vapor condensing plate 62 for effective condensation of seawater vapor.
  • the surface 641 is configured to be in contact with the water vapor condensation plate 62.
  • thermoelectric element 64 is a device that is utilized as a cooling means by replacing a freon gas, which is one of the substances causing air pollution.
  • thermoelectric element When a current flows through a loop formed by grounding metals through semiconductors, electric potential difference occurs due to the Fermi energy difference, while cooling (absorption) occurs because electrons carry the energy required to move from one metal surface to the other. Since the other metal surface emits heat energy as much as the energy brought by the electrons, heating (heating) occurs, which is called the Peltier effect, which is the operating principle of the cooling device by the thermoelectric element.
  • the location of the endotherm and the heat dissipation is determined according to the type of the semiconductor and the direction in which the current flows.
  • thermoelectric element 64 is a structural diagram of an NP-type semiconductor provided in the thermoelectric element 64. Referring to this, the operating state of the thermoelectric element 64 will be described.
  • the N-type semiconductor (N) and the P-type semiconductor (P) are conductors ( When DC current (DC) is applied to the circuit connected in series through M), at the metal / semiconductor contacts (1, 2) charged with (-), electrons absorbing thermal energy from the surroundings are moved into the semiconductor, and endothermic occurs. At the contacts charged with, (+), heat radiation (3, 4) occurs due to the release of heat energy of electrons. In addition, if the direction of the current is reversed, the endothermic and heat dissipating portions are also reversed.
  • Unexplained symbols 'E.F' and 'H.F' indicate directions of electron flow and hole flow occurring in N-type semiconductors and P-type semiconductors, respectively.
  • the freshwater storage unit 70 is connected to the freshwater collecting plate 63 to store freshwater discharged from the freshwater collecting plate 63.
  • Obtaining fresh water stored in the freshwater storage unit 70 is the final purpose of the seawater desalination system.
  • the concentrated water storage unit 80 is connected to the concentrated storage space 611 of the chamber 61 to store the concentrated water discharged from the chamber 61.
  • the concentrated water stored in the concentrated water storage unit 80 may be used to obtain the salt.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a seawater desalination system using solar energy according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the seawater desalination system using solar energy includes a water intake unit 10, a preheating unit 20, a first heating unit 30, and a second heating unit 40. ), An evaporator 50, a condensation unit 60, a fresh water storage unit 70, and a concentrated water storage unit 80.
  • the evaporator 50 is configured to generate seawater steam by heating seawater using solar heat or solar power.
  • the evaporator 50 in another embodiment of the present invention was configured with a PTC (Parabolic Trough Collector) type solar heat collector.
  • PTC Parabolic Trough Collector
  • the PTC solar collector as the evaporator 50
  • the reflector plate 51 reflecting light is attached to the inside of the 1/2 cylinder
  • a rod-shaped focus is formed at a predetermined point, and the endothermic receiver 52 is located along the focus.
  • the seawater passing through the endothermic receiver 52 is heated to produce seawater steam.
  • the present invention having the same configuration as described above to minimize the external energy supply by using the solar energy using solar heat or solar power as a heat source for evaporating the sea water while the structure is relatively simple by adopting the evaporation seawater desalination system. It is an industrially useful invention that can be kept low on maintenance costs.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a seawater desalination system using solar energy, and more specifically, to a seawater desalination system using solar energy, wherein the structure thereof is relatively simple due to the adoption of a evaporation-type seawater desalination system for generating seawater vapor by heating and evaporating seawater and for obtaining fresh water by cooling and condensing the generated seawater vapor, and an external energy supply can be minimized by using solar energy using solar heat or solar light power generation as a heat source for evaporating seawater, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

Description

태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템Seawater Desalination System Using Solar Energy
본 발명은 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 해수를 가열 증발시켜 해수증기를 생성하고, 생성된 해수증기를 냉각 응축시켜 담수를 얻는 증발 방식의 해수 담수화 시스템을 채택하여 구조가 비교적 단순하면서도, 해수를 증발시키기 위한 열원으로 태양열 또는 태양광 발전 전력을 이용한 태양에너지를 이용함으로써 외부에너지 공급을 최소화할 수 있어 유지 관리 비용이 적게 소요되는 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a seawater desalination system using solar energy, and more particularly, by heating and evaporating seawater to generate seawater steam, and adopting an evaporation seawater desalination system of cooling condensation of the generated seawater steam to obtain fresh water. Is relatively simple, but it relates to a seawater desalination system using solar energy, which can minimize external energy supply by using solar energy or solar energy using solar power as a heat source for evaporating seawater. .
해수 담수화 시스템은 해수와 같이 염도가 높아 인간이 사용하기 어려운 물로부터 담수와 같이 염도가 낮아 인간이 사용하기 적합한 물을 얻는 일련의 시스템을 의미한다.The seawater desalination system refers to a series of systems that obtain water suitable for human use from water that is high in salinity, such as seawater, which is difficult for human use, and low in salinity, such as fresh water.
해수를 이용한 담수 생산은 대부분 중동지역에서 식수 공급을 위해 사용되어 왔는데, 최근에는 담수화 기술의 발달로 에너지 효율이 높아지면서 담수화는 전 세계적으로 미래의 물 수요를 충족하기 위한 수단의 하나로 인식되고 있다.Most of the freshwater production using seawater has been used for drinking water supply in the Middle East. Recently, desalination has been recognized as one of the means to meet the future water demand as the energy efficiency increases due to the development of desalination technology.
해수 담수화 시스템은 세계 각국의 안정적인 대체 수자원을 위한 대안 중 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있으며, 세계 담수화 시장에서 담수화 플랜트의 크기는 점점 대형화 추세를 보이고 있다.The seawater desalination system is an important part of the alternatives for stable alternative water resources around the world, and the size of the desalination plant is increasing in the global desalination market.
현재 해수 담수화 시스템에는 역삼투(RO: Reverse Osmosis) 방식과 증발(distillation) 방식("증류 방식"이라고 함)이 주로 사용되고 있다.Currently, reverse osmosis (RO) and distillation ("distillation") are commonly used in seawater desalination systems.
역삼투 방식은 역삼투 현상을 이용한 방식으로서, 최근 수요가 급증하고 있는 방식이다. 역삼투 현상은 반투막(멤브레인)을 사이에 두고 해수가 담수보다 높은 일정 압력차(삼투압)로 평형을 유지한 상태에서, 해수에 삼투압보다 높은 압력(역삼투압)을 가하면 해수에 포함된 순수한 물이 담수 쪽으로 이동하는 현상이다. 역삼투 방식에 의해 해수는 담수와 농축수로 분리된다.Reverse osmosis is a method using a reverse osmosis phenomenon, a method that demand is increasing rapidly in recent years. The reverse osmosis phenomenon is when the seawater is equilibrated with a constant pressure difference (osmotic pressure) higher than that of fresh water with a semi-permeable membrane (membrane) in between, and when the seawater is subjected to a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure (reverse osmosis), the pure water contained in the seawater It is a phenomenon that moves toward fresh water. By reverse osmosis, seawater is separated into fresh and concentrated water.
한편, 증발 방식은 해수를 가열하여 증발시키고, 그 증기를 응축시켜서 담수를 얻는 방식이다. On the other hand, the evaporation method is a method of heating and evaporating sea water, condensing the steam to obtain fresh water.
기존의 해수 담수화 시스템은 대규모 설비의 경우 주로 증발 방식을 사용하고, 중소 규모의 경우 역삼투 방식을 사용하고 있는데, 증발 방식의 경우 설치 비용이 많이 소요되는 단점이 있고, 역삼투 방식은 구조가 복잡하고 운전비용이 많이 소요되어 유지관리가 용이하지 않은 단점이 있다.Existing seawater desalination system mainly uses evaporation method for large-scale facilities, and reverse osmosis method for small and medium-sized systems, which has a disadvantage in that installation cost is high, and reverse osmosis method is complicated in structure. And it takes a lot of operating costs, there is a disadvantage that maintenance is not easy.
한편, 증발 방식에 의한 해수 담수화 시스템에 관한 종래기술은 등록특허공보 제10-0421331호(공고일자: 2004.03.11.) 및 등록특허공보 제10-0745963호(공고일자: 2007.08.02.)에 제안된 바 있다.On the other hand, the prior art related to the seawater desalination system by the evaporation method is registered in Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0421331 (published date: 2004.03.11.) And Patent Publication No. 10-0745963 (published date: 2007.08.02.) It has been proposed.
하지만, 종래기술에 따른 증발 방식에 의한 해수 담수화 시스템은 현재 화석연료를 이용하여 해수를 가열하는 방식이 많이 사용되고 있어 에너지 소비가 많고, 유지 관리비가 많이 소요되는 문제점이 있었다.However, the seawater desalination system by the evaporation method according to the prior art has been used a lot of methods to heat the seawater using fossil fuel, there is a problem that consumes a lot of energy, maintenance costs.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 종래기술의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로, 본 발명의 목적은 증발 방식의 해수 담수화 시스템을 채택하여 구조가 비교적 단순하면서도, 해수를 증발시키기 위한 열원으로 태양열 또는 태양광 발전 전력을 이용한 태양에너지를 이용함으로써 외부에너지 공급을 최소화할 수 있어 유지 관리 비용이 적게 소요되고, 증발부를 거치기 전의 해수를 해수증기가 응축되는 과정에서 발생되는 잠열, 농축수의 열, 지열 등을 이용하여 예열 및 가열함으로써 효율이 높은 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템을 제공하는 데에 있다.The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the object of the present invention is to adopt a seawater desalination system of the evaporation method, while the structure is relatively simple, solar or solar power generation as a heat source for evaporating seawater By using solar energy using electric power, it is possible to minimize the external energy supply, so it requires less maintenance costs, and uses latent heat, concentrated heat, and geothermal heat generated during the condensation of seawater steam before passing through the evaporator. The present invention provides a seawater desalination system using solar energy having high efficiency by preheating and heating.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 안출된 것으로, 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은, 증발 방식으로 해수로부터 담수를 얻는 해수 담수화 시스템에 있어서, 담수화 대상이 되는 해수를 취수하는 취수부와; 태양열 또는 태양광 발전 전력을 이용하여 열유체를 가열하는 태양에너지 열원부와; 상기 태양에너지 열원부에서 가열된 열유체와 열교환을 통해 해수를 증발시켜 해수증기를 생성하는 증발부와; 상기 증발부에서 생성된 해수증기를 응축시켜 담수를 얻는 응축부를; 포함하되, 상기 응축부는, 상기 증발부에서 생성된 해수증기가 내부로 유입되고 하부로 농축수가 모이는 농축수축적공간이 형성된 챔버와, 상기 챔버 내부로 유입된 해수증기가 냉각되며 응축되도록 내부로 냉각수가 흐르는 냉각유로가 형성되고 하방을 향하여 돌출된 응축돌기가 구비된 수증기응축판과, 상기 수증기응축판의 하부에 배치되고 상기 응축돌기로부터 낙하되는 담수를 포집하도록 상광하협 형상의 포집호퍼가 구비된 담수포집판을 포함하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention has been made in order to achieve the above object, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, in the seawater desalination system to obtain fresh water from seawater by evaporation method, to take seawater to be desalination target A water intake unit; A solar energy heat source unit for heating a thermal fluid using solar heat or solar power; An evaporator for generating seawater vapor by evaporating seawater through heat exchange with a heat fluid heated in the solar energy heat source; A condensation unit for condensing seawater vapor generated in the evaporation unit to obtain fresh water; Including, the condensation unit, the chamber formed with a concentrated storage space in which the seawater vapor generated in the evaporator is introduced into the interior of the concentrated water is concentrated, and the cooling water into the interior so that the seawater steam introduced into the chamber is cooled and condensed Steam condensation plate with a condensation protrusion protruding downward and a cooling flow path is formed, and the upper and lower narrowing hopper collecting trap is arranged to collect fresh water falling from the condensation protrusion and disposed below the steam condensation projection Characterized in that it comprises a fresh water collecting plate.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은, 상기 증발부는, 관형 또는 판형으로 형성되어 해수를 증발시키는 해수증발판이 구비되되, 상기 해수증발판은 상기 해수가 접하는 면에 영가철이 코팅된 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, the evaporation unit is provided with a seawater evaporation plate is formed in a tubular or plate shape to evaporate seawater, the seawater evaporation plate is coated with a non-ferrous iron on the surface in contact with the seawater It is characterized by.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은, 증발 방식으로 해수로부터 담수를 얻는 해수 담수화 시스템에 있어서, 담수화 대상이 되는 해수를 취수하는 취수부와; 태양열 또는 태양광 발전 전력을 이용하여 해수를 가열하여 해수증기를 생성하는 증발부와; 상기 증발부에서 생성된 해수증기를 응축시켜 담수를 얻는 응축부를; 포함하되, 상기 응축부는, 상기 증발부에서 생성된 해수증기가 내부로 유입되고 하부로 농축수가 모이는 농축수축적공간이 형성된 챔버와, 상기 챔버 내부로 유입된 해수증기가 냉각되며 응축되도록 내부로 냉각수가 흐르는 냉각유로가 형성되고 하방을 향하여 돌출된 응축돌기가 구비된 수증기응축판과, 상기 수증기응축판의 하부에 배치되고 상기 응축돌기로부터 낙하되는 담수를 포집하도록 상광하협 형상의 포집호퍼가 구비된 담수포집판을 포함하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, in the seawater desalination system to obtain fresh water from the seawater by the evaporation method, the water intake unit for taking in seawater to be desalination; An evaporator which generates seawater vapor by heating seawater using solar heat or photovoltaic power; A condensation unit for condensing seawater vapor generated in the evaporation unit to obtain fresh water; Including, the condensation unit, the chamber formed with a concentrated storage space in which the seawater vapor generated in the evaporator is introduced into the interior of the concentrated water is concentrated, and the cooling water into the interior so that the seawater steam introduced into the chamber is cooled and condensed Steam condensation plate with a condensation protrusion protruding downward and a cooling flow path is formed, and the upper and lower narrowing hopper collecting trap is arranged to collect fresh water falling from the condensation protrusion and disposed below the steam condensation projection Characterized in that it comprises a fresh water collecting plate.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은, 상기 증발부를 거치기 전의 해수를 예열하는 예열부를; 더 포함하되, 상기 예열부는, 상기 응축부에서 해수증기를 응축시키는 과정에서 발생되는 잠열을 이용하여 상기 해수를 예열하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, the preheater for preheating the seawater before passing through the evaporator; In addition, the preheating unit, characterized in that for preheating the seawater using the latent heat generated in the process of condensing the seawater steam in the condensation unit.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은, 상기 수증기응축판이 상기 예열부가 되도록 상기 냉각유로를 흐르는 냉각수는 상기 취수부에 취수되어 상기 증발부를 향하여 흐르는 해수인 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention is characterized in that the cooling water flowing in the cooling flow path such that the steam condensation plate is the preheating portion is seawater which is drawn to the intake section and flows toward the evaporation section.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은, 상기 응축부는, 전원을 공급받아 작동되며 펠티에 효과에 의한 냉각면과 열면을 갖되, 상기 수증기응축판을 냉각시키도록 상기 냉각면이 상기 수증기응축판에 접촉되게 배치되는 열전소자를 더 포함하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, in the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, the condensation unit is operated by being supplied with power and having a cooling surface and a thermal surface by the Peltier effect, the cooling surface to cool the water vapor condensation plate, the water vapor Characterized in that it further comprises a thermoelectric element disposed in contact with the condensation plate.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은, 상기 증발부를 거치기 전의 해수를 가열하도록 상기 챔버의 농축수축적공간에 배치되어 상기 농축수축적공간에 모인 농축수와의 열교환을 통해 상기 해수를 가열하는 제1가열부를; 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention is disposed in the concentrated storage space of the chamber to heat the seawater before passing through the evaporator, the sea water through heat exchange with the concentrated water collected in the concentrated storage space A first heating unit for heating the; It further comprises.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은, 상기 증발부를 거치기 전의 해수를 가열하도록 지열을 이용하여 상기 해수를 가열하는 제2가열부를; 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, the second heating unit for heating the seawater using geothermal heat to heat the seawater before passing through the evaporator; It further comprises.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은, 상기 취수부는, 취수된 해수의 부유물 또는 유기물을 제거하는 전처리필터를 포함하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, the water intake unit is characterized in that it comprises a pre-treatment filter for removing the suspended matter or organic matter of the seawater withdrawn.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은, 상기 담수포집판에 연결되어 상기 담수포집판으로부터 배출되는 담수를 저장하는 담수저장부와; 상기 챔버의 농축수축적공간에 연결되어 상기 챔버로부터 배출되는 농축수를 저장하는 농축수저장부를; 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention, is connected to the freshwater collection plate and the freshwater storage unit for storing fresh water discharged from the freshwater collection plate; A concentrated water storage unit connected to the concentrated storage space of the chamber and storing the concentrated water discharged from the chamber; It further comprises.
상기와 같은 구성에 의하여 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은 증발 방식의 해수 담수화 시스템을 채택하여 구조가 비교적 단순하면서도, 해수를 증발시키기 위한 열원으로 태양열 또는 태양광 발전 전력을 이용한 태양에너지를 이용함으로써 외부에너지 공급을 최소화할 수 있어 유지 관리 비용이 적게 소요되는 장점이 있다.According to the above configuration, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention adopts an evaporation seawater desalination system, while the structure is relatively simple, but solar energy using solar heat or solar power as a heat source for evaporating seawater. By using it can minimize the external energy supply has the advantage of low maintenance costs.
도 1은 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템의 구성도1 is a block diagram of a seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention
도 2은 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템의 주요부 구성도2 is a block diagram of the main part of the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention
도 3은 일반적인 열전소자의 구조도3 is a structural diagram of a typical thermoelectric element
도 4는 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템의 구성도4 is a block diagram of a seawater desalination system using solar energy according to another embodiment of the present invention
<주요 도면부호에 대한 간단한 설명><Short description of the major reference symbols>
10 취수부 20 예열부 30 제1가열부 40 제2가열부10 Water intake section 20 Preheater section 30 First heating section 40 Second heating section
50 증발부 60 응축부 70 담수저장부 80 농축수저장부50 evaporator 60 condenser 70 freshwater reservoir 80 concentrated water reservoir
이하에서는 도면에 도시된 실시예를 참조하여 본 발명에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템을 보다 상세하게 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings will be described in more detail the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to the present invention.
도 1은 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템의 구성도이고, 도 2는 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템의 주요부 구성도이다.1 is a block diagram of a seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a block diagram of a major part of the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 1 및 도 2를 살펴보면, 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은 태양에너지 열원부(100)와, 취수부(10)와, 예열부(20)와, 제1가열부(30)와, 제2가열부(40)와, 증발부(50)와, 응축부(60)와, 담수저장부(70)와, 농축수저장부(80)를 포함하여 구성된다.1 and 2, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention, the solar energy source 100, the water intake 10, the preheating unit 20, the first heating The unit 30, the second heating unit 40, the evaporator 50, the condensation unit 60, the fresh water storage unit 70, and the concentrated water storage unit 80 are configured to be included.
상기 태양에너지 열원부(100)는 태양열 또는 태양광 발전 전력을 이용하여 열유체를 가열하고, 가열된 열유체를 상기 증발부(50)의 열원으로 이용하기 위한 구성이다.The solar energy heat source unit 100 is configured to heat a thermal fluid using solar heat or photovoltaic power and use the heated thermal fluid as a heat source of the evaporator 50.
도 1에서는 상기 태양에너지 열원부(100)의 일예로 PTC(Parabolic Trough Collector)형 태양열 집열장치를 일예로 도시하였다.1 illustrates a Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) type solar heat collector as an example of the solar energy source 100.
PTC형 태양열 집열장치의 경우 1/2의 원통 내부에 빛이 반사되는 반사판(101)을 부착하면 일정한 지점에 막대형의 초점이 형성되는데 초점을 따라 흡열 리시버(102)를 설치하고 그 속에 열유체를 흘려보내는 구조로, 순환모터(P2)에 의해 상기 흡열 리시버(102)를 통과하는 열유체는 열을 흡수하여 출구단에서의 열유체 온도는 250 ~ 600℃ 정도가 되게 된다.In the case of the PTC solar heat collector, when the reflector plate 101 reflecting light is attached to the inside of the 1/2 cylinder, a rod-shaped focus is formed at a predetermined point. An endothermic receiver 102 is installed along the focus and the heat fluid In this structure, the heat fluid passing through the endothermic receiver 102 by the circulation motor P2 absorbs heat so that the heat fluid temperature at the outlet end is about 250 to 600 ° C.
상기 취수부(10)는 담수화 대상이 되는 해수를 취수하는 구성으로 본 발명의 일실시예에서는 취수된 해수의 부유물 또는 유기물을 제거하는 전처리필터(11)가 구비된다.The water intake unit 10 is configured to take seawater to be desalination, in one embodiment of the present invention is provided with a pre-treatment filter 11 for removing suspended matter or organic matter in the seawater.
따라서, 상기 취수부(10)에는 상기 전처리필터(11)에 의해 부유물 또는 유기물이 제거된 전처리된 해수가 취수된다.Accordingly, the water intake section 10 is withdrawn by the pre-treated seawater from which the suspended matter or organic matter is removed by the pretreatment filter 11.
상기 예열부(20)는 상기 취수부(10)로부터 펌프(P1)에 의해 펌핑되어 흐르는 상기 증발부(50)를 거치기 전의 해수를 예열하는 구성으로, 본 발명의 일실시예에서는 상기 응축부(60)에서 해수증기를 응축시키는 과정에서 발생되는 잠열을 이용하여 상기 해수를 예열하도록 구성된다.The preheating unit 20 is configured to preheat seawater before passing through the evaporation unit 50 which is pumped by the pump P1 from the water intake unit 10, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the condensation unit ( 60) to preheat the seawater using the latent heat generated in the process of condensing the seawater vapor.
즉, 상기 응축부(60)에서 해수증기(기체)가 담수(액체)로 응축되는 상변화 과정에서 대체로 597.3㎉/㎏의 잠열이 발생되는데, 상기 예열부(20)는 이러한 잠열을 이용하여 상기 해수를 예열하는 것이다.That is, a latent heat of about 597.3 kW / kg is generally generated in the phase change process in which the seawater vapor (gas) is condensed into fresh water (liquid) in the condensation unit 60. The preheating unit 20 uses the latent heat. Preheat seawater.
한편, 상기 예열부(20)는 본 발명의 일실시예에서는 상기 응축부(60)의 일구성인 수증기응축판(62)의 냉각유로(621)를 흐르는 냉각수를 상기 취수부(10)에 취수되어 상기 증발부(50)를 향하여 흐르는 해수로 대체함으로써 상기 수증기응축판(62)이 상기 예열부(20)가 되도록 구성된다.On the other hand, the preheating unit 20 intakes the cooling water flowing through the cooling passage 621 of the water vapor condensation plate 62, which is one component of the condensation unit 60, to the water intake unit 10 in one embodiment of the present invention. The water vapor condensing plate 62 is configured to be the preheating unit 20 by replacing with sea water flowing toward the evaporator 50.
상기 제1가열부(30)는 상기 예열부(20)를 지난 상기 증발부(50)를 거치기 전의 해수를 가열하는 구성으로, 본 발명의 일실시예에서는 상기 응축부(60)의 일구성인 챔버(61)의 농축수축적공간(611)에 배치되어 상기 농축수축적공간(611)에 모인 비교적 고온인 농축수와의 열교환을 통해 상기 해수를 가열하도록 구성된다.The first heating unit 30 is a configuration for heating the seawater before passing through the evaporator 50 past the preheater 20, in one embodiment of the present invention is one constitution of the condensation unit 60 It is arranged in the concentrated storage space 611 of the chamber 61 and is configured to heat the seawater through heat exchange with the relatively high temperature concentrated water collected in the concentrated storage space 611.
상기 제2가열부(40)는 상기 제1가열부(30)를 지난 상기 증발부(50)를 거치기 전의 해수를 가열하는 구성으로, 본 발명의 일실시예에서는 지열에 의해 상기 해수를 가열하도록 구성된다.The second heating unit 40 is configured to heat the seawater before passing through the evaporator 50 past the first heating unit 30, in one embodiment of the present invention to heat the seawater by geothermal heat. It is composed.
상기 증발부(50)는 상기 태양에너지 열원부(100)에서 가열된 열유체와 열교환을 통해 상기 제2가열부(40)를 지나 내부를 통과하는 해수를 증발시켜 해수증기를 생성하고, 생성된 해수증기를 상기 응축부(60)의 챔버(61)로 공급하는 구성이다.The evaporator 50 generates seawater vapor by evaporating seawater passing through the second heating unit 40 through heat exchange with a heat fluid heated in the solar energy source 100. The water vapor is configured to supply the chamber 61 of the condensation unit 60.
한편, 상기 증발부(50)는 관형 또는 판형으로 형성되어 해수를 증발시키는 해수증발판(미도시)이 구비되는데, 상기 해수증발판(미도시)은 상기 해수가 접하는 면에 영가철이 코팅되어 기공이 형성됨으로써 해수 증발 효율을 향상시킬 수 있도록 구성된다.On the other hand, the evaporation unit 50 is formed in a tubular or plate shape is provided with a seawater evaporation plate (not shown) for evaporating seawater, the seawater evaporation plate (not shown) is coated with zero iron on the surface of the seawater contact pores It is configured to improve the seawater evaporation efficiency by being formed.
상기 응축부(60)는 상기 증발부(50)에서 생성된 해수증기를 응축시켜 담수를 얻는 구성으로, 본 발명의 일실시예에서는 챔버(61)와, 수증기응축판(62)과, 담수포집판(63)과, 열전소자(64)를 포함하여 구성된다.The condensation unit 60 is configured to obtain fresh water by condensing the seawater vapor generated in the evaporator 50. In one embodiment of the present invention, the chamber 61, the steam condensation plate 62, and the freshwater collection The board 63 and the thermoelectric element 64 are comprised.
상기 챔버(61)는 상기 증발부(50)에서 생성된 해수증기가 내부로 유입되고 하부로 농축수가 모이는 농축수축적공간(611)이 형성되는 구성으로, 해수증기의 효과적인 응축을 위해 이젝터펌프(미도시) 등에 의해 내부가 진공상태가 되도록 구성하는 것이 바람직하다.The chamber 61 has a condensation accumulation space 611 in which the seawater vapor generated by the evaporator 50 is introduced into the condensate and the concentrated water is collected at a lower portion thereof. It is preferable to configure so that the inside may be in a vacuum state, etc.).
한편, 상기 농축수축적공간(611)에는 전술한 바와 같이 상기 제1가열부(30)가 배치되어 상기 농축수축적공간(611)에 모인 비교적 고온인 농축수와의 열교환을 통해 해수를 가열하도록 구성되고, 상기 농축수축적공간(611)에 모인 농축수는 일정량 이상이 되는 경우 배출되며 상기 농축수저장부(80)에 저장된다.Meanwhile, the first heating unit 30 is disposed in the concentrated storage space 611 to heat seawater through heat exchange with relatively high temperature concentrated water collected in the concentrated storage space 611. It is configured, the concentrated water collected in the concentrated storage space 611 is discharged when a predetermined amount or more is stored in the concentrated water storage unit 80.
상기 수증기응축판(62)은 상기 챔버(61) 내부로 유입된 해수증기가 냉각되며 응축되도록 내부로 냉각수가 흐르는 냉각유로(621)가 형성되고, 응축된 담수가 수렴되도록 하방을 향하여 돌출된 응축돌기(622)가 구비되며, 효과적인 냉각을 위해 상기 열전소자(64)의 냉각면(641)이 접촉되는 구성이다.The water vapor condensing plate 62 is formed with a cooling flow path 621 through which cooling water flows to cool and condense the seawater vapor introduced into the chamber 61, and condenses protruding downward to converge the condensed fresh water. The protrusion 622 is provided, and the cooling surface 641 of the thermoelectric element 64 is in contact with each other for effective cooling.
한편, 본 발명의 일실시예에서 상기 냉각유로(621)를 흐르는 냉각수는 상기 취수부(10)에 취수되어 상기 증발부(50)를 향하여 흐르는 해수로 구성하여 전술한 바와 같이 상기 수증기응축판(621)이 상기 예열부(20)의 아울러 수행하도록 구성된다.On the other hand, in one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling water flowing through the cooling passage 621 is composed of sea water which is drawn to the water intake unit 10 and flows toward the evaporation unit 50, the steam condensation plate ( 621 is configured to perform the preheating unit 20 as well.
상기 담수포집판(63)은 상기 수증기응축판(62)의 하부에 배치되고 상기 응축돌기(622)로부터 낙하되는 담수를 포집하도록 상광하협 형상의 포집호퍼(631)가 구비되는 구성이다.The freshwater collecting plate 63 is disposed below the water vapor condensing plate 62 and is provided with a collecting hopper 631 having a normal light narrowing shape to collect fresh water falling from the condensation protrusion 622.
한편, 상기 담수포집판(63)으로 포집되는 담수는 상기 담수저장부(70)로 배출되도록 구성된다.On the other hand, the fresh water collected by the fresh water collecting plate 63 is configured to be discharged to the fresh water storage unit (70).
상기 열전소자(64)는 전원을 공급받아 작동되며 펠티에 효과에 의한 냉각면(641)과 열면(642)을 갖되, 해수증기의 효과적인 응축을 위해 상기 수증기응축판(62)을 냉각시키도록 상기 냉각면(641)이 상기 수증기응축판(62)에 접촉되게 배치되는 구성이다.The thermoelectric element 64 is operated by being supplied with power and has a cooling surface 641 and a heating surface 642 due to the Peltier effect, and the cooling to condense the water vapor condensing plate 62 for effective condensation of seawater vapor. The surface 641 is configured to be in contact with the water vapor condensation plate 62.
상기 열전소자(64)는 주지된 바와 같이 대기오염을 일으키는 원인물질의 하나인 프레온 가스 등을 대체하여 냉각수단으로 활용되고 있는 소자이다.As is well known, the thermoelectric element 64 is a device that is utilized as a cooling means by replacing a freon gas, which is one of the substances causing air pollution.
반도체를 매개로 금속이 상호 접지되어져 형성된 루프에 전류를 흘리면 페르미에너지 차이로 전위차가 발생하게 되고, 전자가 한쪽 금속면에서 다른 쪽으로 이동하기 위해 필요한 에너지를 가지고 가기 때문에 냉각(흡열)이 일어나는 반면, 다른 금속면은 상기 전자가 가지고 온 에너지만큼 열에너지를 내놓기 때문에 가열(방열)이 일어나는데, 이를 펠티에 효과(Peltier effect)라고 하며 열전소자에 의한 냉각장치의 작동원리가 된다.When a current flows through a loop formed by grounding metals through semiconductors, electric potential difference occurs due to the Fermi energy difference, while cooling (absorption) occurs because electrons carry the energy required to move from one metal surface to the other. Since the other metal surface emits heat energy as much as the energy brought by the electrons, heating (heating) occurs, which is called the Peltier effect, which is the operating principle of the cooling device by the thermoelectric element.
이때, 상기 반도체의 종류와, 전류가 흐르는 방향에 따라 흡열과 방열의 위치가 결정되며, 재질에 따라 그 효과에도 차이가 발생한다.At this time, the location of the endotherm and the heat dissipation is determined according to the type of the semiconductor and the direction in which the current flows.
도 3은 열전소자(64)에 구비된 N.P형 반도체의 구조도인바, 이를 참조하여 상기 열전소자(64)의 작동상태를 설명하면, N형 반도체(N)와 P형 반도체(P)가 도체(M)를 매개로 직렬연결된 회로에 직류전류(D.C)가 가해지면, (-)로 대전된 금속/반도체 접점(1,2)에서는 주위로부터 열에너지를 흡수한 전자가 반도체 내부로 이동되어 흡열이 일어나고, (+)로 대전된 접점에서는 전자의 열에너지 방출에 의해 방열(3, 4)이 일어나게 된다. 또한, 전류의 방향을 역으로 하면 상기 흡열 및 방열부위 또한 뒤바뀌게 된다.3 is a structural diagram of an NP-type semiconductor provided in the thermoelectric element 64. Referring to this, the operating state of the thermoelectric element 64 will be described. The N-type semiconductor (N) and the P-type semiconductor (P) are conductors ( When DC current (DC) is applied to the circuit connected in series through M), at the metal / semiconductor contacts (1, 2) charged with (-), electrons absorbing thermal energy from the surroundings are moved into the semiconductor, and endothermic occurs. At the contacts charged with, (+), heat radiation (3, 4) occurs due to the release of heat energy of electrons. In addition, if the direction of the current is reversed, the endothermic and heat dissipating portions are also reversed.
미설명부호인 'E.F' 및 'H.F'는 N형 반도체와 P형 반도체에서 각각 일어나는 전자류(Electron Flow)와 정공류(Hole Flow)의 방향을 나타낸 것이다.Unexplained symbols 'E.F' and 'H.F' indicate directions of electron flow and hole flow occurring in N-type semiconductors and P-type semiconductors, respectively.
상기 담수저장부(70)는 상기 담수포집판(63)에 연결되어 상기 담수포집판(63)으로부터 배출되는 담수를 저장하는 구성이다.The freshwater storage unit 70 is connected to the freshwater collecting plate 63 to store freshwater discharged from the freshwater collecting plate 63.
상기 담수저장부(70)에 저장된 담수를 얻는 것이 해수 담수화 시스템의 최종 목적인 것이다.Obtaining fresh water stored in the freshwater storage unit 70 is the final purpose of the seawater desalination system.
상기 농축수저장부(80)는 상기 챔버(61)의 농축수축적공간(611)에 연결되어 상기 챔버(61)로부터 배출되는 농축수를 저장하는 구성이다.The concentrated water storage unit 80 is connected to the concentrated storage space 611 of the chamber 61 to store the concentrated water discharged from the chamber 61.
*상기 농축수저장부(80)에 저장된 농축수는 염분을 얻는데 이용할 수 있다할 것이다.* The concentrated water stored in the concentrated water storage unit 80 may be used to obtain the salt.
이상에서는 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템을 살펴보았고, 이하에서는 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템를 보다 상세하게 설명하기로 한다.In the above, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention has been described. Hereinafter, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
도 4는 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템의 구성도이다.4 is a block diagram of a seawater desalination system using solar energy according to another embodiment of the present invention.
도 4를 살펴보면, 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따른 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은 취수부(10)와, 예열부(20)와, 제1가열부(30)와, 제2가열부(40)와, 증발부(50)와, 응축부(60)와, 담수저장부(70)와, 농축수저장부(80)를 포함하여 구성된다.Referring to FIG. 4, the seawater desalination system using solar energy according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a water intake unit 10, a preheating unit 20, a first heating unit 30, and a second heating unit 40. ), An evaporator 50, a condensation unit 60, a fresh water storage unit 70, and a concentrated water storage unit 80.
상기 증발부(50)를 제외한 다른 구성은 본 발명의 일실시예와 동일하므로 이하에서는 상기 증발부(50)의 구성에 대해서만 상술하기로 한다.Since other components except for the evaporator 50 are the same as one embodiment of the present invention, only the configuration of the evaporator 50 will be described below.
상기 증발부(50)는 태양열 또는 태양광 발전 전력을 이용하여 해수를 가열하여 해수증기를 생성하는 구성이다.The evaporator 50 is configured to generate seawater steam by heating seawater using solar heat or solar power.
본 발명의 다른 실시예에서의 상기 증발부(50)는 PTC(Parabolic Trough Collector)형 태양열 집열장치로 구성하였다.The evaporator 50 in another embodiment of the present invention was configured with a PTC (Parabolic Trough Collector) type solar heat collector.
상기 증발부(50)로서의 PTC형 태양열 집열장치의 경우 1/2의 원통 내부에 빛이 반사되는 반사판(51)을 부착하면 일정한 지점에 막대형의 초점이 형성되는데 초점을 따라 흡열 리시버(52)를 설치하고 그 속에 가열을 위한 해수를 흘려보내는 구조로, 상기 흡열 리시버(52)를 통과하는 해수는 가열되어 해수증기가 생성되는 것이다.In the case of the PTC solar collector as the evaporator 50, when the reflector plate 51 reflecting light is attached to the inside of the 1/2 cylinder, a rod-shaped focus is formed at a predetermined point, and the endothermic receiver 52 is located along the focus. To install the structure and to send the seawater for heating therein, the seawater passing through the endothermic receiver 52 is heated to produce seawater steam.
앞에서 설명되고, 도면에 도시된 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템은 본 발명을 실시하기 위한 하나의 실시예에 불과하며, 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 한정하는 것으로 해석되어서는 안된다. 본 발명의 보호범위는 이하의 특허청구범위에 기재된 사항에 의해서만 정하여지며, 본 발명의 요지를 벗어남이 없이 개량 및 변경된 실시예는 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 자명한 것인 한 본 발명의 보호범위에 속한다고 할 것이다.The seawater desalination system using the solar energy described above and shown in the drawings is only one embodiment for carrying out the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the technical idea of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined only by the matters set forth in the claims below, and the embodiments which have been improved and changed without departing from the gist of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It will be said to belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
상기와 같은 구성을 같는 본 발명은 증발 방식의 해수 담수화 시스템을 채택하여 구조가 비교적 단순하면서도, 해수를 증발시키기 위한 열원으로 태양열 또는 태양광 발전 전력을 이용한 태양에너지를 이용함으로써 외부에너지 공급을 최소화할 수 있어 유지 관리 비용이 적게 소요되는 산업상 유용한 발명이다.The present invention having the same configuration as described above to minimize the external energy supply by using the solar energy using solar heat or solar power as a heat source for evaporating the sea water while the structure is relatively simple by adopting the evaporation seawater desalination system. It is an industrially useful invention that can be kept low on maintenance costs.

Claims (8)

  1. 증발 방식으로 해수로부터 담수를 얻는 해수 담수화 시스템에 있어서,In a seawater desalination system of obtaining fresh water from seawater by evaporation,
    담수화 대상이 되는 해수를 취수하는 취수부와; 태양열 또는 태양광 발전 전력을 이용하여 열유체를 가열하는 태양에너지 열원부와; 상기 태양에너지 열원부에서 가열된 열유체와 열교환을 통해 해수를 증발시켜 해수증기를 생성하는 증발부와; 상기 증발부에서 생성된 해수증기를 응축시켜 담수를 얻는 응축부를; 포함하되,A water intake unit for collecting seawater to be desalination; A solar energy heat source unit for heating a thermal fluid using solar heat or solar power; An evaporator for generating seawater vapor by evaporating seawater through heat exchange with a heat fluid heated in the solar energy heat source; A condensation unit for condensing seawater vapor generated in the evaporation unit to obtain fresh water; Including,
    상기 응축부는, 상기 증발부에서 생성된 해수증기가 내부로 유입되고 하부로 농축수가 모이는 농축수축적공간이 형성된 챔버와, 상기 챔버 내부로 유입된 해수증기가 냉각되며 응축되도록 내부로 냉각수가 흐르는 냉각유로가 형성되고 하방을 향하여 돌출된 응축돌기가 구비된 수증기응축판과, 상기 수증기응축판의 하부에 배치되고 상기 응축돌기로부터 낙하되는 담수를 포집하도록 상광하협 형상의 포집호퍼가 구비된 담수포집판을 포함하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템.The condensing unit includes a chamber in which a concentrated water storage space in which the seawater steam generated in the evaporator is introduced and concentrated water is collected at the bottom, and the seawater steam introduced into the chamber is cooled and condensed, and the cooling water flows inwardly. Steam condensation plate with a condensation protrusion protruding downward and a flow path is formed, and a freshwater collecting plate provided with a collecting hopper of the upper and lower narrow shape arranged to collect fresh water falling from the condensation protrusion and disposed in the lower portion of the steam condensation projection Seawater desalination system using solar energy, characterized in that configured to include.
  2. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 증발부는, 관형 또는 판형으로 형성되어 해수를 증발시키는 해수증발판이 구비되되, 상기 해수증발판은 상기 해수가 접하는 면에 영가철이 코팅된 것을 특징으로 하는 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템.The evaporation unit is provided with a seawater evaporation plate is formed in a tubular or plate shape to evaporate the seawater, the seawater evaporation plate is seawater desalination system using solar energy, characterized in that the surface is in contact with the seawater.
  3. 증발 방식으로 해수로부터 담수를 얻는 해수 담수화 시스템에 있어서,In a seawater desalination system of obtaining fresh water from seawater by evaporation,
    담수화 대상이 되는 해수를 취수하는 취수부와; 태양열 또는 태양광 발전 전력을 이용하여 해수를 가열하여 해수증기를 생성하는 증발부와; 상기 증발부에서 생성된 해수증기를 응축시켜 담수를 얻는 응축부를; 포함하되,A water intake unit for collecting seawater to be desalination; An evaporator which generates seawater vapor by heating seawater using solar heat or photovoltaic power; A condensation unit for condensing seawater vapor generated in the evaporation unit to obtain fresh water; Including,
    상기 응축부는, 상기 증발부에서 생성된 해수증기가 내부로 유입되고 하부로 농축수가 모이는 농축수축적공간이 형성된 챔버와, 상기 챔버 내부로 유입된 해수증기가 냉각되며 응축되도록 내부로 냉각수가 흐르는 냉각유로가 형성되고 하방을 향하여 돌출된 응축돌기가 구비된 수증기응축판과, 상기 수증기응축판의 하부에 배치되고 상기 응축돌기로부터 낙하되는 담수를 포집하도록 상광하협 형상의 포집호퍼가 구비된 담수포집판을 포함하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템.The condensing unit includes a chamber in which a concentrated water storage space in which the seawater steam generated in the evaporator is introduced and concentrated water is collected at the bottom, and the seawater steam introduced into the chamber is cooled and condensed, and the cooling water flows inwardly. Steam condensation plate with a condensation protrusion protruding downward and a flow path is formed, and a freshwater collecting plate provided with a collecting hopper of the upper and lower narrow shape arranged to collect fresh water falling from the condensation protrusion and disposed in the lower portion of the steam condensation projection Seawater desalination system using solar energy, characterized in that configured to include.
  4. 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서,The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    상기 증발부를 거치기 전의 해수를 예열하는 예열부를; 더 포함하되,A preheater for preheating the seawater before passing through the evaporator; Include more,
    상기 예열부는, 상기 응축부에서 해수증기를 응축시키는 과정에서 발생되는 잠열을 이용하여 상기 해수를 예열하는 것을 특징으로 하는 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템.The preheating unit, the seawater desalination system using solar energy, characterized in that for preheating the seawater using the latent heat generated in the process of condensing the seawater steam in the condensation unit.
  5. 제4항에 있어서,The method of claim 4, wherein
    상기 수증기응축판이 상기 예열부가 되도록 상기 냉각유로를 흐르는 냉각수는 상기 취수부에 취수되어 상기 증발부를 향하여 흐르는 해수인 것을 특징으로 하는 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템.Cooling water flowing through the cooling flow path such that the steam condensation plate is the preheating portion is seawater desalination system using solar energy, characterized in that the intake portion is seawater flowing toward the evaporator.
  6. 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서,The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    상기 응축부는, 전원을 공급받아 작동되며 펠티에 효과에 의한 냉각면과 열면을 갖되, 상기 수증기응축판을 냉각시키도록 상기 냉각면이 상기 수증기응축판에 접촉되게 배치되는 열전소자를 더 포함하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템. The condensing unit is operated by a power source, and has a cooling surface and a thermal surface by the Peltier effect, and further comprises a thermoelectric element disposed so that the cooling surface is in contact with the steam condensation plate to cool the steam condensation plate. Seawater desalination system using solar energy characterized by.
  7. 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서,The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    상기 증발부를 거치기 전의 해수를 가열하도록 상기 챔버의 농축수축적공간에 배치되어 상기 농축수축적공간에 모인 농축수와의 열교환을 통해 상기 해수를 가열하는 제1가열부를; 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템.A first heating unit disposed in the concentrated storage space of the chamber to heat the seawater before passing through the evaporator, and heating the sea water through heat exchange with the concentrated water collected in the concentrated storage space; Seawater desalination system using solar energy, characterized in that it further comprises.
  8. 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 하나의 항에 있어서,The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    상기 증발부를 거치기 전의 해수를 가열하도록 지열을 이용하여 상기 해수를 가열하는 제2가열부를; 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 태양에너지를 이용한 해수 담수화 시스템.A second heating unit for heating the seawater using geothermal heat to heat the seawater before passing through the evaporator; Seawater desalination system using solar energy, characterized in that it further comprises.
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