WO2015064066A1 - 圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置 - Google Patents
圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015064066A1 WO2015064066A1 PCT/JP2014/005381 JP2014005381W WO2015064066A1 WO 2015064066 A1 WO2015064066 A1 WO 2015064066A1 JP 2014005381 W JP2014005381 W JP 2014005381W WO 2015064066 A1 WO2015064066 A1 WO 2015064066A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
- F02D41/0057—Specific combustion modes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
- F02B3/08—Methods of operating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
- F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
- F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
- F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
- F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
- F02D21/10—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air having secondary air added to the fuel-air mixture
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/006—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] using internal EGR
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
- F02D41/3023—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the stratified charge spark-ignited mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
- F02D41/3035—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the premixed charge compression-ignition mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/401—Controlling injection timing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
- F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B17/00—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders
- F02B17/005—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders having direct injection in the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
- F02D2041/3052—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used the mode being the stratified charge compression-ignition mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/0065—Specific aspects of external EGR control
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the technology disclosed herein relates to a control device for a compression ignition engine.
- Patent Document 1 describes an engine configured to perform compression ignition combustion of an air-fuel mixture in a cylinder when the operating state of the engine is in a predetermined operating range of low speed and partial load.
- Patent Document 2 when the operating state of the engine is in an operating region below a predetermined switching load, the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder is subjected to compression ignition combustion, while in an operating region where the load is higher than the switching load.
- an engine which is configured to perform combustion by forcibly igniting an air-fuel mixture in a cylinder with an ignition plug.
- the exhaust valve when performing compression ignition combustion, the exhaust valve is opened again during the intake stroke, so that a part of the exhaust gas discharged to the exhaust side is introduced into the cylinder, so-called exhaust double opening is performed. .
- the introduction of the internal EGR gas by the double opening of the exhaust gas is advantageous in improving the ignitability of compression ignition and the combustion stability by increasing the compression start temperature and, consequently, the compression end temperature.
- Patent Document 3 describes an engine that switches between compression ignition combustion and spark ignition combustion according to the operating state of the engine. Patent Document 3 also discloses that when switching from compression ignition combustion to spark ignition combustion, a part of the exhaust gas is introduced into the cylinder via the EGR passage, and the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich so as to knock. It is described to avoid.
- the amount of fresh air and the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the cylinder are maximized while the amount of filling of the cylinder is maximized.
- the ratio is changed according to the engine load. Specifically, as the engine load increases, the temperature state in the cylinder also increases, so the amount of internal EGR gas introduced into the cylinder is reduced and the amount of fresh air is increased. This is effective in preventing the temperature state in the cylinder from becoming too high and avoiding a sharp increase in pressure (ie, dP / dt) in the cylinder accompanying compression ignition combustion.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder is substantially 1 regardless of the engine load. This makes it possible to improve exhaust emission performance using a three-way catalyst.
- the amount of heat generated per unit time is relatively low in the low speed region.
- the temperature state inside is also relatively low compared to the region on the high speed side. Therefore, in the low speed region, it is conceivable to adopt a combustion mode different from that of the high speed region from the viewpoint of improving fuel efficiency.
- the technology disclosed herein has been made in view of the above points, and the purpose of the technology is to reduce the load in the region where compression ignition combustion is performed in the compression ignition type engine which performs compression ignition combustion in a predetermined region.
- the purpose is to improve the fuel consumption in the low speed region within the high region.
- the technology disclosed herein relates to a control device for a compression ignition type engine
- the compression ignition type engine control device includes an engine body having a cylinder and a fuel injection valve configured to inject fuel supplied into the cylinder.
- a gas state adjusting system configured to adjust the gas state in the cylinder by adjusting the amount of fresh air introduced into the cylinder and the amount of exhaust gas, respectively, and operation of the engine body
- a controller configured to operate the engine body by subjecting the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to compression ignition combustion when the state is in a preset compression ignition region.
- the controller maximizes the cylinder filling amount by the gas state adjustment system in the low speed region.
- the EGR rate which is the ratio of the amount of the exhaust gas to the total gas amount in the cylinder, is lowered so that the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder becomes larger than 1.
- the EGR rate is increased so that the excess amount ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder is 1 or less while maximizing the filling amount of the cylinder.
- the “gas condition adjustment system” is a system that adjusts the amount of gas introduced into the cylinder (that is, the filling amount) and the ratio between the amount of fresh air introduced into the cylinder and the amount of exhaust gas.
- the amount of fresh air introduced into the cylinder can be adjusted by the opening of the throttle valve, the closing timing of the intake valve, and / or the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the cylinder.
- the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the cylinder is an internal EGR configured such that a part of the exhaust gas remains and / or is introduced into the cylinder by controlling the valve opening periods of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the engine body.
- Adjustment may be made through an external EGR system that introduces part of the exhaust gas into the cylinder via the system and / or an EGR passage that connects the exhaust passage and the intake passage of the engine body. It is preferable to introduce the internal EGR gas from the internal EGR system into the cylinder, particularly when the operating state of the engine body is in the compression ignition region. Since the internal EGR gas has a relatively high temperature, the compression end temperature is increased, which is advantageous for the ignitability of compression ignition and the combustion stability.
- the “low speed region” is a region where the amount of heat generated per unit time is low, thereby lowering the temperature state in the cylinder, and the low temperature state causes compression ignition combustion. This is a region where it is possible to avoid a sudden increase in pressure in the cylinder.
- the low speed side region may be set as appropriate on the low speed side, for example, than 1/2 of the rotation speed region of the engine body.
- the controller when the operating state of the engine body is in a preset compression ignition region, the controller operates the engine body by subjecting the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to compression ignition combustion. Then, when the operating state of the engine body is in a predetermined region where the load in the compression ignition region is high, the cylinder is divided into a low-speed region and a high-speed region that is faster than the low-speed region by the gas state adjustment system. Change the gas state inside.
- the EGR rate is set low so that the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture becomes leaner than 1 while maximizing the filling amount in the cylinder. That is, the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the cylinder is reduced and the amount of fresh air is increased.
- the rotational speed of the engine body is low, the amount of heat generated per unit time is reduced, so that the temperature state in the cylinder is relatively low. This suppresses the compression end temperature from becoming too high. Therefore, it is avoided that the pressure increase (dP / dt) in the cylinder becomes steep, and the generation of RawNOx is also suppressed.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is made leaner than 1, and fuel efficiency is improved by improving thermal efficiency.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ may be an arbitrary value larger than 1, for example, in a configuration including a NOx purification catalyst.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ is preferably set to, for example, 2.4 or more.
- the low-speed side region in which the excess air ratio ⁇ is set to 2.4 or more it is preferable to set to 2.4 or more to a predetermined load or less. This is because when the load on the engine body increases, the fuel injection amount increases, so that it becomes difficult to set the excess air ratio ⁇ to 2.4 or more.
- the “predetermined region with a high load in the compression ignition region” in the above configuration means a region excluding a region where the load on the engine body is too low (for example, a light load region). That is, when the operating state of the engine body is in the light load region, unburned fuel tends to increase. Therefore, the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is leaned to be larger than 1 and the fuel efficiency improvement effect by improving the thermal efficiency is increased in the cylinder. The fuel efficiency improvement effect by increasing the amount of exhaust gas to be introduced and reducing the unburned loss becomes more effective.
- the “low speed region” is limited to the load region of the engine body where the fuel efficiency improvement effect by making the air-fuel mixture lean is relatively advantageous, and the lower load region, that is, the unburned region.
- the EGR rate is preferable to make the EGR rate relatively high while setting the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture to 1 or less.
- the EGR rate is increased so that the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder is 1 or less while maximizing the filling amount of the cylinder.
- Increasing the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the cylinder lowers the combustion temperature, which is advantageous in suppressing the generation of RawNOx.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder is set to substantially 1 (that is, ⁇ is approximately 1), it is possible to maintain good exhaust emission performance using a three-way catalyst.
- the temperature state in the cylinder is higher than that in the low speed side region, but the amount of exhaust gas is relatively large. Therefore, the slow compression combustion combustion is advantageous in reducing combustion noise.
- the fuel injection valve is configured to directly inject fuel into the cylinder, and the controller compresses the fuel injection timing by the fuel injection valve in the low speed side region of the predetermined region. Before the first half, and in the high speed side region of the predetermined region, the fuel injection timing by the fuel injection valve is after the second half of the compression stroke.
- the fuel injection timing into the cylinder by the fuel injection valve after the latter half of the compression stroke it is possible to perform compression ignition combustion in the expansion stroke period in which the pressure in the cylinder gradually decreases due to motoring.
- the second half of the compression stroke corresponds to the second half when the compression stroke is divided into the first half and the second half with respect to the progress of the crank angle
- the second half of the compression stroke is the latter half of the compression stroke and the expansion stroke. And are included.
- fuel injection performed at such a relatively late time may be referred to as retard injection.
- the compression ignition combustion is accompanied in the high speed side region of the predetermined region where the temperature state in the cylinder is relatively higher than in the low speed side region. It is avoided that the pressure rise in the cylinder becomes steep.
- the fuel injection timing by the fuel injection valve is set before the first half of the compression stroke.
- “the first half of the compression stroke” corresponds to the first half when the compression stroke is divided into the first half and the second half with respect to the progress of the crank angle
- “the first half of the compression stroke” includes the first half of the compression stroke and the intake stroke. And are included.
- the air excess ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture can be made larger than 1 by not employing the retard injection.
- the control device of the compression ignition engine further includes an ozone generator configured to add ozone to fresh air introduced into the cylinder, and the controller is configured to perform the control in the low speed side region of the predetermined region.
- Ozone may be added to fresh air introduced into the cylinder by an ozone generator.
- the “ozone generator” may be configured to add ozone to fresh air that is provided on the intake passage and is introduced into the cylinder.
- a relatively large amount of fresh air is introduced into the cylinder in order to set the air-fuel mixture lean in the low speed side region of the predetermined region.
- a large amount of ozone can be introduced into the cylinder by adding ozone to the fresh air introduced into the cylinder. This is advantageous in improving the ignition quality of compression ignition and the stability of compression ignition combustion.
- the controller may add ozone to fresh air introduced into the cylinder by the ozone generator in the low speed side region of the predetermined region when the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature.
- the control device for the compression ignition type engine controls the filling amount of the cylinder when the operating state of the engine body is in the predetermined region where the load in the compression ignition region is high and in the low speed region. While maximizing, the EGR rate is lowered so that the air excess ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture becomes leaner than 1. As a result, it is possible to obtain a fuel efficiency improvement effect by improving the thermal efficiency while suppressing a steep increase in temperature (dP / dt) in the cylinder accompanying the compression ignition combustion.
- the air excess ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is 1 while maximizing the filling amount of the cylinder.
- Increase the EGR rate so that: This suppresses generation of NOx to ensure exhaust emission performance and is advantageous for reducing combustion noise.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a compression ignition engine.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram relating to control of the compression ignition engine.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the combustion chamber.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the configuration of the ozone generator.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a lift curve of an intake valve configured to be switchable between a large lift and a small lift, and an exhaust configured to be switched between a normal valve opening operation and a special operation that is restarted during an intake stroke. It is an illustration with the lift curve of a valve.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an engine operation control map.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a compression ignition engine.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram relating to control of the compression ignition engine.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the combustion chamber.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the configuration of the ozone generator.
- FIG. 7A is an example of the fuel injection timing when the intake stroke injection is performed in the CAI mode, and the heat generation rate of the CAI combustion associated therewith.
- FIG. 7B is an example of the fuel injection timing when performing high pressure retarded injection in the CAI mode, and the heat generation rate of the CAI combustion associated therewith.
- FIG. 7C is an example of the fuel injection timing in the case where the high pressure retarded injection is performed in the region of higher load in the CAI mode, and the heat generation rate of the CAI combustion associated therewith.
- FIG. 7D shows an example of the fuel injection timing and ignition timing when high pressure retarded injection is performed in the SI mode, and the heat generation rate of SI combustion associated therewith. It is a figure which illustrates the relationship of the EGR rate with respect to the level of engine load.
- the engine 1 is a spark ignition gasoline engine that is mounted on a vehicle and supplied with fuel containing at least gasoline.
- the engine 1 includes a cylinder block 11 provided with a plurality of cylinders 18 (only one cylinder is shown in FIG. 1, but four cylinders are provided in series, for example), and the cylinder block 11 is arranged on the cylinder block 11.
- the cylinder head 12 is provided, and an oil pan 13 is provided below the cylinder block 11 and stores lubricating oil.
- a piston 14 connected to the crankshaft 15 via a connecting rod 142 is fitted in each cylinder 18 so as to be able to reciprocate.
- a cavity 141 like a reentrant type in a diesel engine is formed on the top surface of the piston 14 as shown in an enlarged view in FIG.
- the cavity 141 is opposed to an injector 67 described later when the piston 14 is positioned near the compression top dead center.
- the cylinder head 12, the cylinder 18, and the piston 14 having the cavity 141 define a combustion chamber 19.
- the shape of the combustion chamber 19 is not limited to the illustrated shape.
- the shape of the cavity 141, the top surface shape of the piston 14, the shape of the ceiling portion of the combustion chamber 19, and the like can be changed as appropriate.
- This engine 1 is set to a relatively high geometric compression ratio of 15 or more for the purpose of improving theoretical thermal efficiency, stabilizing compression ignition combustion, which will be described later, and the like. In addition, what is necessary is just to set a geometric compression ratio suitably in the range of about 15-20.
- the cylinder head 12 is provided with an intake port 16 and an exhaust port 17 for each cylinder 18.
- the intake port 16 and the exhaust port 17 have an intake valve 21 and an exhaust for opening and closing the opening on the combustion chamber 19 side.
- Each valve 22 is disposed.
- VVL Vehicle Valve Lift
- VVT Vehicle Valve Timing
- the exhaust valve 22 When the operating state of the first cam is transmitted to the exhaust valve 22, as illustrated by a solid line in FIG. 5, the exhaust valve 22 operates in the normal mode in which the valve is opened only once during the exhaust stroke.
- the exhaust valve 22 When the operating state of the second cam is transmitted to the exhaust valve 22, as illustrated by a broken line in FIG. 5, the exhaust valve 22 opens during the exhaust stroke and also opens during the intake stroke. It operates in a special mode that opens the exhaust twice.
- the normal mode and the special mode of the VVL 71 are switched according to the operating state of the engine.
- the special mode is used in the control related to the internal EGR.
- operating the VVL 71 in the normal mode and not opening the exhaust twice is referred to as “turning off the VVL 71”, and operating the VVL 71 in the special mode and opening the exhaust twice. , “Turn on VVL 71”.
- an electromagnetically driven valve system that drives the exhaust valve 22 by an electromagnetic actuator may be employed.
- internal EGR is not realized only by opening the exhaust twice.
- the VVT 75 may employ a hydraulic, electromagnetic, or mechanical structure as appropriate, and illustration of the detailed structure is omitted.
- the exhaust valve 22 can continuously change its valve opening timing and valve closing timing within a predetermined range by the VVT 75.
- a VVL 74 and a VVT 72 are provided on the intake side in the same manner as the valve system on the exhaust side provided with the VVL 71 and the VVT 75.
- the intake side VVL 74 is different from the exhaust side VVL 71.
- the VVL 74 on the intake side includes two types of cams having different cam profiles: a large lift cam that relatively increases the lift amount of the intake valve 21, and a small lift cam that relatively decreases the lift amount of the intake valve 21;
- the lost motion mechanism is configured to selectively transmit the operating state of one of the large lift cam and the small lift cam to the intake valve 21.
- the intake valve 21 is opened with a relatively large lift amount, and the valve opening period is also long. Become. On the other hand, when the VVL 74 is transmitting the operating state of the small lift cam to the intake valve 21, the intake valve 21 is opened with a relatively small lift amount as shown by a broken line in FIG. The valve period is also shortened. The large lift cam and the small lift cam are set to be switched with the same valve opening timing or valve closing timing.
- VVT 72 on the intake side similarly to the VVT 75 on the exhaust side, a well-known structure of a hydraulic type, an electromagnetic type, or a mechanical type may be adopted as appropriate, and illustration of the detailed structure is omitted.
- the valve opening timing and the valve closing timing of the intake valve 21 can also be continuously changed within a predetermined range by the VVT 72.
- the cylinder head 12 is also provided with an injector 67 for each cylinder 18 for directly injecting fuel into the cylinder 18 (direct injection).
- the injector 67 is disposed so that its nozzle hole faces the inside of the combustion chamber 19 from the central portion of the ceiling surface of the combustion chamber 19.
- the injector 67 directly injects an amount of fuel into the combustion chamber 19 at an injection timing set according to the operating state of the engine 1 and according to the operating state of the engine 1.
- the injector 67 is a multi-hole injector having a plurality of nozzle holes, although detailed illustration is omitted. Thereby, the injector 67 injects the fuel so that the fuel spray spreads radially from the center position of the combustion chamber 19.
- the fuel spray injected radially from the central portion of the combustion chamber 19 at the timing when the piston 14 is located near the compression top dead center is a cavity formed on the top surface of the piston. It flows along the wall surface of 141. It can be paraphrased that the cavity 141 is formed so that the fuel spray injected at the timing when the piston 14 is located near the compression top dead center is contained therein.
- This combination of the multi-hole injector 67 and the cavity 141 is an advantageous configuration for shortening the mixture formation period and the combustion period after fuel injection.
- the injector 67 is not limited to a multi-hole injector, and may be an outside-opening type injector.
- the fuel tank (not shown) and the injector 67 are connected to each other by a fuel supply path.
- a fuel supply system 62 including a fuel pump 63 and a common rail 64 and capable of supplying fuel to the injector 67 at a relatively high fuel pressure is interposed on the fuel supply path.
- the fuel pump 63 pumps fuel from the fuel tank to the common rail 64, and the common rail 64 can store the pumped fuel at a relatively high fuel pressure.
- the fuel pump 63 is a plunger type pump and is driven by the engine 1.
- the fuel supply system 62 configured to include this engine-driven pump enables the fuel with a high fuel pressure of 30 MPa or more to be supplied to the injector 67.
- the fuel pressure may be set to about 120 MPa at the maximum.
- the pressure of the fuel supplied to the injector 67 is changed according to the operating state of the engine 1 as will be described later.
- the fuel supply system 62 is not limited to this configuration.
- a spark plug 25 for forcibly igniting the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 19 is attached to the cylinder head 12.
- the spark plug 25 is disposed through the cylinder head 12 so as to extend obliquely downward from the exhaust side of the engine 1.
- the tip of the spark plug 25 is disposed facing the cavity 141 of the piston 14 located at the compression top dead center.
- an intake passage 30 is connected to one side of the engine 1 so as to communicate with the intake port 16 of each cylinder 18.
- an exhaust passage 40 for discharging burned gas (exhaust gas) from the combustion chamber 19 of each cylinder 18 is connected to the other side of the engine 1.
- an air cleaner 31 for filtering the intake air is disposed at the upstream end of the intake passage 30, an air cleaner 31 for filtering the intake air is disposed.
- a surge tank 33 is disposed near the downstream end of the intake passage 30.
- the intake passage 30 on the downstream side of the surge tank 33 is an independent passage branched for each cylinder 18, and the downstream end of each independent passage is connected to the intake port 16 of each cylinder 18.
- a water-cooled intercooler / warmer 34 that cools or heats the air and a throttle valve 36 that adjusts the amount of intake air to each cylinder 18 are arranged. It is installed.
- An intercooler bypass passage 35 that bypasses the intercooler / warmer 34 is also connected to the intake passage 30.
- the intercooler bypass passage 35 is connected to an intercooler for adjusting the flow rate of air passing through the passage 35.
- a bypass valve 351 is provided. Adjusting the temperature of fresh air introduced into the cylinder 18 by adjusting the ratio between the passage flow rate of the intercooler bypass passage 35 and the passage flow rate of the intercooler / warmer 34 through the opening degree adjustment of the intercooler bypass valve 351. Is possible. It should be noted that the intercooler / warmer 34 and its associated members can be omitted.
- the upstream portion of the exhaust passage 40 is constituted by an exhaust manifold having an independent passage branched for each cylinder 18 and connected to the outer end of the exhaust port 17 and a collecting portion where the independent passages gather.
- a direct catalyst 41 and an underfoot catalyst 42 are connected downstream of the exhaust manifold in the exhaust passage 40 as exhaust purification devices for purifying harmful components in the exhaust gas.
- Each of the direct catalyst 41 and the underfoot catalyst 42 includes a cylindrical case and, for example, a three-way catalyst disposed in a flow path in the case.
- the engine 1 does not include a NOx purification catalyst.
- the EGR passage 50 includes a main passage 51 in which an EGR cooler 52 for cooling the exhaust gas with engine coolant is disposed, and an EGR cooler bypass passage 53 for bypassing the EGR cooler 52. ing.
- the main passage 51 is provided with an EGR valve 511 for adjusting the amount of exhaust gas recirculated to the intake passage 30, and the EGR cooler bypass passage 53 has a flow rate of exhaust gas flowing through the EGR cooler bypass passage 53.
- An EGR cooler bypass valve 531 for adjustment is provided.
- an ozone generator (O 3 generator) 76 for adding ozone to fresh air introduced into the cylinder 18 is interposed between the throttle valve 36 and the surge tank 33 in the intake passage 30.
- the ozone generator 76 includes a plurality of electrodes arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions on the cross section of the intake pipe 301.
- the ozone generator 76 generates ozone by silent discharge using oxygen contained in the intake air as a source gas. That is, when a high frequency alternating current high voltage is applied to the electrode from a power source (not shown), silent discharge is generated in the discharge gap, and the air (that is, intake air) passing therethrough is ozonized.
- the intake air thus added with ozone is introduced into each cylinder 18 from the surge tank 33 via the intake manifold.
- the ozone concentration in the intake air after passing through the ozone generator 76 is adjusted by changing the voltage application mode to the electrodes of the ozone generator 76 and / or changing the number of electrodes to which the voltage is applied. It is possible. As will be described later, the PCM 10 adjusts the ozone concentration in the intake air introduced into the cylinder 18 through the control of the ozone generator 76.
- the engine 1 is controlled by a powertrain control module (hereinafter referred to as PCM) 10.
- PCM 10 includes a microprocessor having a CPU, a memory, a counter timer group, an interface, and a path connecting these units. This PCM 10 constitutes a controller.
- detection signals of various sensors SW1 to SW16 are input to the PCM 10.
- the various sensors include the following sensors. That is, the air flow sensor SW1 that detects the flow rate of fresh air, the intake air temperature sensor SW2 that detects the temperature of fresh air, the downstream side of the intercooler / warmer 34, and the intercooler / warmer 34 downstream of the air cleaner 31.
- a second intake air temperature sensor SW3 for detecting the temperature of fresh air after passing through the EGR gas temperature sensor SW4 which is disposed in the vicinity of the connection portion of the EGR passage 50 with the intake passage 30 and detects the temperature of the external EGR gas.
- An intake port temperature sensor SW5 that is attached to the intake port 16 and detects the temperature of the intake air just before flowing into the cylinder 18, and an in-cylinder pressure sensor SW6 that is attached to the cylinder head 12 and detects the pressure in the cylinder 18.
- the exhaust passage 40 is disposed in the vicinity of the connection portion of the EGR passage 50, and the exhaust temperature and the exhaust respectively.
- Exhaust temperature sensor SW7 and exhaust pressure sensor SW8 for detecting a force is disposed on the upstream side of the direct catalyst 41, the linear O 2 sensor SW9, direct catalyst 41 and underfoot catalyst 42 for detecting the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas
- the lambda O 2 sensor SW10 that detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas
- the water temperature sensor SW11 that detects the temperature of the engine coolant
- the crank angle sensor SW12 that detects the rotation angle of the crankshaft 15
- An accelerator opening sensor SW13 for detecting an accelerator opening corresponding to an operation amount of an accelerator pedal (not shown), intake-side and exhaust-side cam angle sensors SW14, SW15, and a common rail 64 of the fuel supply system 62 are attached.
- the fuel pressure sensor SW16 detects the fuel pressure supplied to the injector 67.
- the PCM 10 determines the state of the engine 1 and the vehicle by performing various calculations based on these detection signals, and accordingly, the injector 67, the spark plug 25, the VVT 72 and VVL 74 on the intake valve side, and the exhaust valve side Control signals are output to the VVT 75 and VVL 71, the fuel supply system 62, actuators of various valves (throttle valve 36, intercooler bypass valve 351, EGR valve 511, EGR cooler bypass valve 531), and the ozone generator 76.
- the PCM 10 operates the engine 1.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of an operation control map of the engine 1.
- This engine 1 is a compression ignition combustion in which combustion is performed by compression self-ignition without ignition by the spark plug 25 in a low load region where the engine load is relatively low for the purpose of improving fuel consumption and exhaust emission performance. (In other words, controlled auto-ignition combustion) is performed.
- a region lower than the combustion switching load indicated by a solid line corresponds to a compression ignition region in which compression ignition combustion is performed.
- the compression ignition combustion causes the combustion to become too steep and causes problems such as combustion noise. Therefore, in the engine 1, in a high load region where the engine load is relatively high, the compression ignition combustion is stopped and switched to forced ignition combustion (here, spark ignition combustion) using the spark plug 25.
- a region equal to or higher than the combustion switching load indicated by a solid line corresponds to a spark ignition region in which spark ignition combustion is performed.
- the engine 1 includes a CAI (Controlled Auto Ignition) mode in which compression ignition combustion is performed and an SI (Spark Ignition) mode in which spark ignition combustion is performed according to the operating state of the engine 1, particularly the load of the engine 1. Is configured to switch between.
- CAI Controlled Auto Ignition
- SI Spark Ignition
- the CAI mode is further divided into four areas according to the engine load level and the engine speed. In the four regions, the combination of the gas state in the cylinder 18 and the fuel injection mode injected into the cylinder 18 are different from each other. Note that, in the entire CAI mode, the throttle valve 36 is fully open, and the filling amount of the cylinder 18 is maintained at the maximum. Thereby, the pump loss is reduced.
- hot water having a relatively high temperature is used in order to improve the ignitability and stability of compression ignition combustion.
- EGR gas is introduced into the cylinder 18. As will be described in detail later, this is because the VVL 71 on the exhaust side is turned on and the exhaust valve 22 is opened twice during the intake stroke.
- the introduction of hot EGR gas is advantageous in increasing the compression end temperature in the cylinder 18 and improving the ignitionability and combustion stability of compression ignition in these regions.
- the regions (1-1), (1-2), and (2-1) where hot EGR gas is introduced into the cylinder 18 are as shown in FIG. 7A.
- the injector 67 injects fuel into the cylinder 18 at least during the period from the intake stroke to the first half of the compression stroke. This forms a homogeneous mixture in the cylinder.
- the fuel injection timing is preferably matched with the timing when the exhaust valve 22 is restarted. By doing so, it is advantageous for vaporizing and atomizing the fuel.
- the homogeneous air-fuel mixture undergoes compression self-ignition near the compression top dead center.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is set to 1 or less.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ is substantially 1 ( ⁇ 1).
- the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is made higher than 1 in the region (1-2), that is, in the region where the load is higher than the predetermined load on the low speed side.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ is set to a lean value of 2.4 or more. This is advantageous in improving fuel efficiency by increasing thermal efficiency. Further, by setting the excess air ratio ⁇ to 2.4 or more, the generation of RawNOx is suppressed, and the exhaust emission performance can be ensured in the engine 1 that does not include the NOx purification catalyst.
- the temperature state in the cylinder 18 is high. For this reason, if fuel is injected into the cylinder 18 during the period from the intake stroke to the middle of the compression stroke, abnormal combustion such as pre-ignition occurs or the pressure rise (dP / dt) in the cylinder 18 is steep. This may cause a problem of combustion noise. On the other hand, if the compression start temperature and the compression end temperature are lowered without introducing the hot EGR gas into the cylinder 18, this causes deterioration of the ignition quality of the compression ignition and the stability of the compression ignition combustion. I will.
- This characteristic fuel injection mode is hereinafter referred to as “high pressure retarded injection” or simply “retarded injection”.
- high-pressure retarded injection makes it possible to perform compression ignition combustion stably in the expansion stroke while avoiding abnormal combustion in the region (2-1). Details of the high-pressure retarded injection will be described later.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is set to 1 or less (specifically, ⁇ 1) as in the region (1-1).
- the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is substantially set to 1, and the use of the three-way catalyst is enabled.
- the temperature environment in the cylinder 18 is further increased. For this reason, the amount of hot EGR gas is reduced in order to suppress premature ignition, while cooled EGR gas cooled by passing through the EGR cooler 52 is introduced into the cylinder 18. This prevents the compression end temperature from becoming too high. It is also possible to introduce external EGR gas that bypasses the EGR cooler 52 into the cylinder 18. Further, as shown in FIG. 7C, in this region (2-2), retarded injection is performed in the same manner as in the region (2-1). Thereby, compression ignition combustion is stably performed in an expansion stroke, and abnormal combustion and combustion noise are avoided, respectively. Thus, the engine 1 expands the CAI mode region to the high load side as much as possible.
- the SI mode is not clearly shown in FIG. 6, but the introduction of the hot EGR gas is continued while the VVL 71 on the exhaust side is turned off and the introduction of the hot EGR gas is stopped. .
- the amount of fresh air introduced into the cylinder 18 and the amount of external EGR gas are adjusted by adjusting the opening of the EGR valve 511. adjust.
- the ratio of gas introduced into the cylinder 18 in this way, pump loss is reduced, abnormal combustion is avoided by introducing a large amount of cooled EGR gas into the cylinder 18, and the combustion temperature of spark ignition combustion is kept low. This suppresses the generation of Raw NOx and reduces the cooling loss.
- the external EGR is set to zero by closing the EGR valve 511.
- the geometric compression ratio of the engine 1 is set to 15 or more (for example, 18) as described above. Since a high compression ratio increases the compression end temperature and the compression end pressure, it is advantageous in stabilizing the compression ignition combustion in the CAI mode, particularly in the low load region (for example, the region (1-1) (1-2)). become. On the other hand, the high compression ratio engine 1 has a problem that abnormal combustion such as pre-ignition and knocking is likely to occur in the SI mode which is a high load region.
- the above-described high-pressure retarded injection is performed to avoid abnormal combustion. More specifically, with a high fuel pressure of 30 MPa or more, as shown in FIG. 7D, high-pressure retarded injection is performed to perform fuel injection into the cylinder 18 within the retard period from the latter half of the compression stroke to the early stage of the expansion stroke. The ignition is performed near the compression top dead center.
- a part of the injected fuel is injected into the cylinder 18 in the intake stroke period in which the intake valve 21 is opened. (That is, split injection may be performed).
- the high-pressure retarded injection in the SI mode will be briefly described.
- the reaction possible time includes a period during which the injector 67 injects fuel ((1) injection period) and a period after the end of injection until a combustible mixture is formed around the spark plug 25 ((2) mixture) (The formation period) and the period until the combustion started by ignition is completed ((3) combustion period), that is, (1) + (2) + (3).
- the turbulence in the cylinder becomes stronger and the turbulence energy in the cylinder 18 increases.
- the fuel injection timing By setting the fuel injection timing to a relatively late timing, it becomes possible to start combustion by performing spark ignition while maintaining high turbulent energy. This shortens the combustion period.
- the high pressure retarded injection shortens the injection period, the mixture formation period, and the combustion period, and as a result, the reaction time of the unburned mixture is compared with the case of the fuel injection in the conventional intake stroke. Can be significantly shortened. As a result of shortening the possible reaction time, it is possible to suppress the progress of the reaction of the unburned mixture at the end of combustion and to avoid abnormal combustion.
- the fuel pressure is set to, for example, 30 MPa or more.
- the fuel pressure of 30 MPa or more can effectively shorten the injection period and the mixture formation period, respectively.
- the fuel pressure is preferably set as appropriate according to the properties of the fuel used, which contains at least gasoline.
- the upper limit may be 120 MPa as an example.
- High pressure retarded injection avoids the occurrence of abnormal combustion in the SI mode by devising the form of fuel injection into the cylinder 18. Unlike this, it is conventionally known that the ignition timing is retarded for the purpose of avoiding abnormal combustion. While retarding the ignition timing causes a decrease in thermal efficiency and torque, when performing high pressure retarded injection, it is possible to advance the ignition timing by avoiding abnormal combustion by devising the form of fuel injection. As a result, thermal efficiency and torque are improved. That is, the high pressure retarded injection not only avoids abnormal combustion, but also makes it possible to advance the ignition timing by the amount that can be avoided, which is advantageous in improving fuel consumption.
- the high pressure retarded injection in the SI mode can shorten the injection period, the mixture formation period, and the combustion period, respectively, but the CAI mode regions (2-1) and (2-2)
- the high-pressure retarded injection performed in (1) can shorten the injection period and the mixture formation period.
- the turbulence in the cylinder 18 is increased by injecting the fuel into the cylinder 18 at a high fuel pressure, so that the mixing performance of the atomized fuel is increased and the fuel is injected at a late timing near the compression top dead center.
- a relatively homogeneous air-fuel mixture can be quickly formed.
- the high pressure retarded injection in the CAI mode makes it possible to control the reaction start timing of the unburned mixture.
- the region (1-2) and the region (2-1) are compared.
- the filling amount of the cylinder 18 is set to the maximum over the entire area.
- the amount of fresh air introduced into the cylinder 18 is large and the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the cylinder 18 in order to make the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture leaner than 1.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is set to 1 or less (specifically, ⁇ 1), so that the air is introduced into the cylinder 18 even with the same load.
- the amount of fresh air is relatively small, and the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the cylinder 18 (internal EGR gas amount) is relatively large.
- the load of the engine 1 is high, and the temperature state in the cylinder 18 is accordingly high. Therefore, in order to avoid abnormal combustion and combustion noise, retard injection is employed and the air excess ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is substantially set to 1.
- the rotational speed of the engine 1 is relatively low in the region (1-2) compared to the region (2-1).
- the amount of heat generated per unit time is reduced, so that the temperature state in the cylinder 18 is lower than that in the region (2-1). For this reason, it is possible to avoid abnormal combustion and combustion noise without adopting retard injection. Therefore, in the low speed side region (1-2) in the compression ignition region, the air excess ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is made lean larger than 1 as described above for the purpose of improving fuel consumption.
- Such a region (1-2) may be provided on the lower speed side than 1/2 in the rotational speed region of the engine 1.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture may be made leaner than 1 for the purpose of improving the fuel efficiency even in the low load side light load region corresponding to the lower side of the region (1-2) in FIG. Conceivable.
- the EGR gas amount is increased as much as possible to reduce the EGR gas amount as much as possible, rather than reducing the EGR gas amount by making the excess air ratio of the air-fuel mixture larger than 1.
- the effect of improving fuel efficiency is higher when the loss is reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to set the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture to 1 or less in the lower region of the region (1-2). In other words, it is preferable that the area (1-2) is set to a predetermined load or more.
- the region (1-2) is preferably a region lower than the predetermined load. In an engine equipped with a NOx purification catalyst, even if the region (1-2) in which the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is made leaner than 1 is expanded to a higher load side than the illustrated example. Good.
- the low-speed region (1-2) and the region (1-1) are compared with each other at the same engine load (that is, in the medium to high load in the CAI mode), the low-speed region (1-2) The excess ratio ⁇ is made leaner than 1, and the EGR rate is lowered by that amount, whereas the high-speed region (1-1) has an excess air ratio ⁇ of 1 or less and a high EGR rate. become.
- the high speed region (1-1) by introducing a relatively large amount of EGR gas into the cylinder 18 and reducing the excess air ratio ⁇ to 1 or less, NOx emission is suppressed and combustion noise is avoided. And become possible.
- the ozone generator 76 is turned on from the viewpoint of securing the ignition quality of compression ignition and the stability of compression ignition combustion.
- Ozone may be added to the intake air that is operated and introduced into the cylinder 18. Introducing ozone into the cylinder 18 increases the ignitability of the air-fuel mixture and increases the stability of compression ignition combustion.
- the maximum ozone concentration may be about 50 to 30 ppm, for example.
- the amount of ozone introduced into the cylinder 18 increases even if the ozone concentration is low. Setting the ozone concentration to be low is advantageous in improving fuel consumption by minimizing the power consumption required for generating ozone.
- Introducing ozone in the region (1-2) may be performed particularly when the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature.
- the compression start temperature in the cylinder 18 is lowered, and the compression end temperature is also lowered accordingly.
- the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature, in the region (1-2), ozone may be introduced into the cylinder 18 to improve compression ignition ignition stability and compression ignition combustion stability. .
- the region (1-2) and the region (2-1) are the same in that hot EGR gas is introduced into the cylinder 18 and the EGR rate is set to a predetermined value or more.
- hot EGR gas is introduced into the cylinder 18 and fuel is injected into the cylinder 18 before the first half of the compression stroke while the EGR rate is set to a predetermined value or more.
- the rotational speed of the engine 1 is relatively low and the temperature state in the cylinder 18 is low. Therefore, even if the fuel injection timing is set to a relatively early timing, abnormal combustion or combustion noise Can be avoided.
- the rotational speed of the engine 1 is relatively high and the temperature state in the cylinder 18 is high. Therefore, by setting the fuel injection timing within the retard period, it is possible to effectively avoid abnormal combustion and combustion noise as described above.
- the region (2-2) where the load is higher than these regions is different in that the cooled EGR gas is introduced into the cylinder 18 in addition to the hot EGR gas.
- the temperature state in the cylinder 18 increases regardless of the rotational speed of the engine 1, and as a result, the pressure increase (dP) in the cylinder 18 due to the compression ignition combustion. / Dt) may become steep.
- the temperature in the cylinder at the start of compression is prevented from becoming too high, and the compression end temperature is suppressed to an appropriate temperature. .
- This is advantageous in avoiding combustion noise in the high load region (2-2) of the CAI mode, and allows the CAI mode to be further expanded to the high load side.
- each of the region (2-1) and the region (2-2) corresponds to a region in the load region higher than the load load line RL illustrated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 6 on the high speed side in the compression ignition region. This is common in that both the fuel injection timings are set within the retard period.
- the start timing of fuel injection is set to 30 to 40 ° CA before compression top dead center, for example.
- the fuel injection timing in the relatively high load region (2-2) is the same as that in the relatively low load region (2-1). Be retarded than the season.
- FIG. 8 shows the change in the EGR rate (that is, the change in the gas composition in the cylinder 18) with respect to the load of the engine 1 when the rotational speed is constant at N 1 (see FIG. 6), for example.
- the change in the gas composition in the cylinder 18 will be described in order from the high load side to the low load side.
- Region of a load higher than the switching load T 3 corresponds to SI mode.
- the EGR rate is set to the maximum under the condition that the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is set to the theoretical air-fuel ratio ( ⁇ 1). This is advantageous for reducing pump loss.
- setting the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio makes it possible to use a three-way catalyst. Since the fuel injection amount decreases as the engine load decreases, the EGR rate increases continuously. This is advantageous in improving controllability because the gas composition in the cylinder 18 is continuously changed when the engine load changes continuously.
- EGR rate that is, an EGR limit
- the EGR rate becomes constant at EGR limit, thus, when the EGR rate is limited by the EGR limit air-fuel ratio the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio of the mixture (lambda In setting ⁇ 1), the amount of fresh air introduced into the cylinder 18 must be reduced.
- the amount of fresh air introduced into the cylinder 18 is reduced by delaying the closing timing of the intake valve 21 after the intake bottom dead center.
- fresh air introduced into the cylinder 18 can be reduced by controlling the opening degree of the throttle valve 36, for example, instead of controlling the closing timing of the intake valve 21.
- controlling the closing timing of the intake valve 21 is advantageous in reducing pump loss.
- Threshold engine load T 3 relates to switching between the CAI mode and SI-mode, as described above, the CAI mode in the switching load T 3 or lower load side.
- the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is set to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio ( ⁇ 1) on each of the low load side and the high load side across the switching load between the CAI mode and the SI mode.
- the EGR rate is not limited as described above, so that the filling amount of the cylinder 18 is maximized without reducing the amount of fresh air introduced into the cylinder 18.
- the VVL 71 on the exhaust side is turned on and the internal EGR gas (that is, hot EGR gas) is introduced into the cylinder 18. Therefore, by switching the load T 3 as a boundary switched VVL71 on and off of the exhaust side.
- Region adjacent to the low-load side relative to the switching load T 3 i.e., region (2-2)
- compression ignition combustion is performed by performing high-pressure retarded injection in which fuel is injected at a high fuel pressure of 30 MPa or more and near the compression top dead center.
- the predetermined load T 2 following regions correspond to regions (1-2) in Fig.
- the excess air ratio ⁇ of the air-fuel mixture is made larger than 1 in this region. Accordingly, the amount of fresh air introduced into the cylinder 18 is larger than the line of ⁇ 1 indicated by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 8, and the amount of exhaust gas (in this case, the amount of internal EGR gas) is larger than the line of ⁇ 1. decrease.
- the switching load T 3 and the predetermined load T 2 it is provided with a section for gradually changing the excess air ratio ⁇ of the gas mixture.
- the amount of the hot EGR gas increasing number becomes and, the fresh air amount becomes less and less.
- Increasing the amount of hot EGR gas introduced increases the temperature in the cylinder at the start of compression and accordingly increases the compression end temperature. This is advantageous in improving the ignition quality of compression ignition in the region where the load of the engine 1 is low and improving the stability of compression ignition combustion.
- the amount of hot EGR gas introduced is adjusted by adjusting the overlap of the valve opening period of the intake valve 21 with respect to the valve opening period of the exhaust valve 22 that opens within the intake stroke period.
- the opening timing of the intake valve 21 and the closing timing of the exhaust valve 22 are adjusted by the VVT 72 on the intake side and the VVT 75 on the exhaust side, and the lift amount of the intake valve 21 is adjusted by the VVL 74 on the intake side.
- the amount of hot EGR gas introduced is adjusted by combining switching between a large lift and a small lift.
- the EGR rate that continuously increases as the load of the engine 1 decreases is set to the maximum EGR rate r max at the specific load T 1 .
- the EGR rate is kept constant at the maximum EGR rate r max .
- setting the EGR rate so as not to exceed the maximum EGR rate r max means that if a large amount of exhaust gas is introduced into the cylinder 18 by increasing the EGR rate, the specific heat of the gas in the cylinder 18 is increased. This is because, when the ratio is low, even if the gas temperature at the start of compression is high, the compression end temperature is low.
- exhaust gas contains a large amount of triatomic molecules such as CO 2 and H 2 O, and has a lower specific heat ratio than air containing nitrogen (N 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ). Therefore, when the EGR rate is increased and the exhaust gas introduced into the cylinder 18 increases, the specific heat ratio of the gas in the cylinder 18 decreases.
- the compression end temperature becomes the highest at a predetermined EGR rate r max , and EGR Even if the rate is increased, the compression end temperature is lowered.
- the compression end temperature is set to the highest becomes EGR rate to a maximum EGR rate r max. Then, when the load of the engine 1 is lower than the specific loads T 1 sets the EGR rate to a maximum EGR rate r max, by the compression end temperature is avoided lowered.
- This maximum EGR rate r max may be set to 50 to 90%.
- the maximum EGR rate r max may be set as high as possible as long as a high compression end temperature can be secured, and is preferably 70 to 90%.
- the geometric compression ratio is set to a high compression ratio of 15 or more so that a high compression end temperature can be obtained. Further, in order to introduce exhaust gas having as high a temperature as possible into the cylinder 18, a double exhaust opening is adopted.
- the exhaust gas introduced into the cylinder 18 is once discharged to the exhaust port, so that unlike the configuration in which a negative overlap period is provided, the exhaust gas is compressed during the exhaust stroke to increase the cooling loss.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas can be suppressed, so that the gas temperature at the start of compression is the highest. Is possible.
- the maximum EGR rate r max may be set to about 80%, for example. Setting the maximum EGR rate r max as high as possible is advantageous in reducing the unburned loss of the engine 1.
- fuel may be injected into the intake port 16 through a port injector provided separately in the intake port 16 instead of the injector 67 provided in the cylinder 18 during the intake stroke period.
- the engine 1 may be provided with a NOx purification catalyst.
- the engine 1 is not limited to an in-line 4-cylinder engine, and may be applied to an in-line 3-cylinder, in-line 2-cylinder, in-line 6-cylinder engine, or the like. Further, the present invention can be applied to various engines such as a V type 6 cylinder, a V type 8 cylinder, and a horizontally opposed 4 cylinder.
- the operation control map shown in FIG. 6 is an example, and various other maps can be provided.
- the high pressure retarded injection may be divided as required, and similarly, the intake stroke injection may also be divided as required. In these divided injections, fuel may be injected in each of the intake stroke and the compression stroke.
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Abstract
Description
切替負荷T3よりも負荷の高い領域はSIモードに相当する。このSI領域では、前述したように、クールドEGRガスのみを気筒18内に導入する。すなわち、スロットル弁36の開度は全開に維持されると共に、EGR弁511は、全開負荷では閉弁している一方で、エンジン負荷の低下に従い次第に開く。こうして、SIモードにおいては、混合気の空燃比を理論空燃比(λ≒1)に設定する条件下でEGR率を最大に設定している。これは、ポンプ損失の低減に有利である。また、混合気の空燃比を理論空燃比に設定することは、三元触媒の利用を可能にする。エンジン負荷の低下に従い燃料噴射量が低下するため、EGR率は連続的に高くなる。このことは、エンジン負荷が連続的に変化するようなときには、気筒18内のガス組成を連続的に変化させることになるから、制御性の向上に有利である。
切替負荷T3は、前述したようにCAIモードとSIモードとの切り替えに係り、切替負荷T3以下の低負荷側においてはCAIモードとなる。CAIモードとSIモードとの切替負荷を挟んだ低負荷側と高負荷側とのそれぞれにおいて、混合気の空燃比は理論空燃比(λ≒1)に設定している。CAIモードにおいては、前述したEGR率の制限が無くなることから、気筒18内に導入する新気量を減らさずに、気筒18の充填量を最大にする。
所定負荷T2以下の領域は、図6における領域(1-2)に対応する。前述の通り、この領域では、混合気の空気過剰率λを1よりも大きくする。従って、図8において一点鎖線で示すλ≒1のラインよりも気筒18内に導入される新気量は増えかつ、排気ガス量(ここでは、内部EGRガス量)はλ≒1のラインよりも減る。尚、切替負荷T3と所定負荷T2との間には、混合気の空気過剰率λを徐変する区間を設けている。
エンジン1の負荷が低下するに従い連続的に高くなるEGR率は、特定負荷T1において、最高EGR率rmaxに設定される。特定負荷T1までは、前述の通り、エンジン1の負荷が低下するに従い、EGR率を連続的に高く設定しているが、特定負荷T1よりもエンジン1の負荷が低いときには、エンジン1の負荷の高低に拘わらず、EGR率を最高EGR率rmaxで一定にする。ここで、EGR率を、最高EGR率rmaxを超えないように設定することは、EGR率を高くして気筒18内に大量の排気ガスを導入してしまうと、気筒18内のガスの比熱比が低くなることで、圧縮開始時のガス温度が高くても、圧縮端温度が逆に低くなってしまうためである。
10 PCM(制御器)
18 気筒
21 吸気弁
22 排気弁
25 点火プラグ
50 EGR通路(ガス状態調整システム)
51 主通路(ガス状態調整システム)
511 EGR弁(ガス状態調整システム)
52 EGRクーラ(ガス状態調整システム)
67 インジェクタ(燃料噴射弁)
71 (排気側)VVL(ガス状態調整システム)
72 (吸気側)VVT(ガス状態調整システム)
74 (吸気側)VVL(ガス状態調整システム)
75 (排気側)VVT(ガス状態調整システム)
76 オゾン発生器
Claims (4)
- 気筒を有するエンジン本体と、
前記気筒内に供給する燃料を噴射するよう構成された燃料噴射弁と、
前記気筒内に導入する新気の量と排気ガスの量とをそれぞれ調整することによって、前記気筒のガス状態を調整するように構成されたガス状態調整システムと、
前記エンジン本体の運転状態が、予め設定された圧縮着火領域にあるときには、前記気筒内の混合気を圧縮着火燃焼させることにより、前記エンジン本体を運転するように構成された制御器と、を備え、
前記制御器は、前記エンジン本体の運転状態が前記圧縮着火領域における負荷の高い所定領域内にあるときには、
低速側領域においては、前記ガス状態調整システムによって、前記気筒の充填量を最大にしつつ、前記気筒内の混合気の空気過剰率λが1よりも大きいリーンとなるように、前記気筒内の全ガス量に対する前記排気ガスの量の割合であるEGR率を低くし、
前記低速側領域よりも高速の高速側領域においては、前記気筒の充填量を最大にしつつ、前記気筒内の混合気の空気過剰率λが1以下となるように、前記EGR率を高くする圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置において、
前記気筒内に導入する新気にオゾンを添加するよう構成されたオゾン発生器をさらに備え、
前記制御器は、前記所定領域の低速側領域において、前記オゾン発生器により、前記気筒内に導入する新気にオゾンを添加する圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置において、
前記制御器は、外気温度が所定温度以下のときに、前記所定領域の低速側領域において、前記オゾン発生器により、前記気筒内に導入する新気にオゾンを添加する圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置において、
前記燃料噴射弁は、前記気筒内に燃料を直接噴射するように構成され、
前記制御器は、前記所定領域の低速側領域においては、前記燃料噴射弁による燃料噴射時期を圧縮行程前半以前にし、前記所定領域の高速側領域においては、前記燃料噴射弁による燃料噴射時期を圧縮行程後半以降にする圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置。
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DE112014004936.0T DE112014004936B4 (de) | 2013-10-29 | 2014-10-23 | Steuervorrichtung für Kompressionszündungsmotor |
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JP6311739B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-04-18 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンの制御装置 |
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US10895208B2 (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2021-01-19 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Control system for compression-ignition engine |
JP6555322B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-08-07 | マツダ株式会社 | 圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置 |
JP6642559B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-02-05 | マツダ株式会社 | 圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置 |
JP7043960B2 (ja) | 2018-05-02 | 2022-03-30 | マツダ株式会社 | 圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置 |
JP7024584B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-02 | 2022-02-24 | マツダ株式会社 | 圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置 |
JP7020369B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-30 | 2022-02-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化システム |
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DE112014004936B4 (de) | 2020-06-25 |
CN105683537B (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
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