WO2015039583A1 - 采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池及控制方法 - Google Patents

采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池及控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2015039583A1
WO2015039583A1 PCT/CN2014/086369 CN2014086369W WO2015039583A1 WO 2015039583 A1 WO2015039583 A1 WO 2015039583A1 CN 2014086369 W CN2014086369 W CN 2014086369W WO 2015039583 A1 WO2015039583 A1 WO 2015039583A1
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Prior art keywords
ion battery
lithium ion
charging
integrated
resistor
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PCT/CN2014/086369
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李松
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李松
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Publication of WO2015039583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015039583A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of secondary battery or electronic power supply technology, and in particular, to a universal rechargeable battery and a control method using the lithium ion battery.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter referred to as a lithium ion battery) has the advantages of large specific energy, rapid charge and discharge, long cycle life, small self-discharge, no pollution, no memory effect, etc., and is currently replacing a general-purpose primary battery and nickel-hydrogen.
  • An ideal secondary battery for rechargeable batteries is relatively high, and the output voltage varies with the use of the positive electrode system.
  • the commercial lithium ion battery has a nominal voltage of 3.2V to 3.8V, and with lithium. With the development of ion battery technology, the nominal voltage of lithium-ion batteries will also increase. It is obvious that lithium-ion batteries cannot be directly used to replace general-purpose batteries with a nominal voltage of 1.5V and nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries with a nominal voltage of 1.2V.
  • lithium-ion batteries Although lithium-ion batteries have good charge and discharge performance, they have problems such as poor over-charging and over-discharge resistance, poor charging and over-heating resistance, and poor aging and damage of lithium-ion batteries. If it is heavy, it will cause burning or even explosion. Therefore, it must be controlled in strict accordance with the charging and discharging technical conditions of the lithium ion battery.
  • a negative-capacity lithium-ion battery (usually in a steel casing) that is connected by a negative current collector and an outer casing; and second, a positive electrode set is adopted.
  • a positive-packaged lithium-ion battery (usually in an aluminum casing) that is connected to the outer casing of the fluid; and a quasi-insulating lithium-ion battery (usually packaged in an aluminum-plastic composite film material) in a soft-packed casing;
  • the outer casing is made of an insulating and encapsulating lithium-ion battery (usually packaged in polypropylene and polyethylene).
  • the rechargeable battery uses a computer USB interface and a universal lithium-ion battery charging adapter as a charging power source, which can reduce the cost of purchase and save social resources.
  • the rechargeable battery does not have lithium ion battery charging control and charging overheat protection
  • the lithium ion battery charging control and the overheat protection circuit are not provided inside the rechargeable battery, it is necessary to take an access diode to isolate the charging and discharging circuit during charging, and use a dedicated lithium ion battery charging control circuit and a temperature sensing circuit. Set the charging device to charge. Therefore, the following technical performance defects exist: First, the forward voltage drop of the diode during charging varies with the operating current and temperature, which reduces the detection and charging control accuracy of the charging control circuit for the lithium ion battery, and the diode is guided. When the voltage drop is high, there is a problem that the lithium ion battery cannot be fully charged.
  • the charging circuit is connected to the isolation diode, the charging input voltage of the rechargeable battery is raised. Since the upper limit voltage of the existing lithium-lithium battery of the lithium-lithium system has reached 4.35V and will increase in the future, if the nominal voltage is 5V ⁇ The 0.25V existing universal lithium-ion battery charging adapter or computer USB interface charges the rechargeable battery, even with a Schottky device with a low forward voltage drop, the lower limit of the charging input voltage and the upper limit of the isolation diode's conduction voltage drop.
  • the external temperature sensing circuit can only indirectly detect the temperature of the lithium ion battery through the outer package housing or electrode of the rechargeable battery, reducing Lithium-ion battery charging temperature detection accuracy, so that the rechargeable battery has a problem that the lithium-ion battery is overheated to reduce cycle life and safety.
  • the rechargeable battery does not have lithium ion battery discharge overheat protection
  • the lithium ion battery temperature sensing and control circuit is not installed inside the rechargeable battery, so that the rechargeable battery does not have the overheat protection function of the lithium ion battery discharge process, so that the lithium ion battery temperature exceeds when the rechargeable battery is discharged at a high rate in a high temperature environment.
  • the circuit connection between the negative electrode of the charge and discharge controller and the rechargeable battery package housing adopts a radial elastic compression connection structure.
  • the elastic negative electrode When the rechargeable battery is assembled, the elastic negative electrode must be pressed down in the radial direction to be charged.
  • the discharge controller is pushed into the package housing of the rechargeable battery.
  • the elastic negative electrode is a movable component, and its structure occupies a large internal space of the charge and discharge controller, and makes it difficult for the charge and discharge controller to achieve sealing.
  • the charging and discharging controller is bulky and the manufacturing process is complicated. The difficulty is high, it is not conducive to automated mass production assembly, and waterproof sealing cannot be realized. Therefore, there is a problem that the rechargeable battery has low storage capacity, high production cost, and is liable to cause circuit failure after being wetted and immersed in water.
  • the charging and discharging controller for R20 rechargeable battery and R14 rechargeable battery is connected with the positive electrode of lithium ion battery by elastic crimping. Because the contact surface between the electrodes is limited by space, it is easy to generate contact when the rechargeable battery is charged and discharged at high current. Point ablation. Contact ablation oxidation will cause the internal resistance of the rechargeable battery system to rise, the heat generated during charging and discharging will increase the operating temperature of the rechargeable battery, and in severe cases, an open circuit will cause the rechargeable battery to fail.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a universal rechargeable battery comprising a lithium ion battery, which has a regulated output of 1.5V and a regulated output of 1.1V when the lithium ion battery is low, and can be charged by a computer USB interface or a universal lithium ion battery.
  • the adapter is charged with its body structure and discharge performance in accordance with GB/T 8897.2-2013 and IEC 60086-2 technical specifications, which can directly replace the existing general-purpose primary battery and nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery, and its charging controller and lithium-ion battery It is assembled in the same outer package by press-fit and the two are connected by positive electrode pads to prevent contact ablation during high current charging and discharging, and improve the reliability of the connection between the charge controller and the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery;
  • the discharge controller structure and assembly process are simple, which is conducive to automated mass production assembly.
  • the controller housing is used as the electrode structure of the lithium ion battery negative electrode to connect to the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit, which saves the internal space of the large charge and discharge controller.
  • the charge and discharge controller is equipped with a lithium ion battery charging control circuit, a lithium ion battery detection circuit and a DC-DC buck type.
  • the regulated discharge circuit has a high-precision temperature detection function, which realizes the control and protection of the charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery, and improves the cycle life and safety of the lithium ion battery.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a universal rechargeable battery using a lithium ion battery, and to provide a lithium ion battery charging control circuit and a lithium ion battery according to the charging and discharging working technical conditions required for the lithium ion battery.
  • Detection circuit and DC-DC step-down voltage regulator discharge circuit control and protect the charging and discharging process of lithium ion battery, realize overcharge protection, over discharge protection, charge and discharge rate protection and charge and discharge of lithium ion battery Overheat protection improves the cycle life and safety of lithium-ion batteries, achieving a regulated output of 1.5V for general-purpose rechargeable batteries and 1.1V for regulated output when lithium-ion batteries are low.
  • the USB interface or the universal lithium-ion battery charging adapter charges the universal rechargeable battery, and realizes the general-purpose rechargeable battery structure and discharge performance in accordance with GB/T 8897.2-2013 and IEC 60086-2 technical specifications, so that the lithium-ion battery is used.
  • the universal rechargeable battery can directly replace the existing general-purpose primary battery and nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery, and comprehensively improve the performance of the universal rechargeable battery.
  • the present invention provides a universal rechargeable battery comprising a lithium ion battery, comprising: an outer package housing, and a charge and discharge controller, a positive electrode solder tab, and a lithium ion which are sequentially assembled and assembled in the outer package housing.
  • the charge and discharge controller includes: a charge and discharge controller housing, and a charge and discharge control circuit soldering body, a charge and discharge controller bracket disposed in the charge and discharge controller housing, the charge and discharge
  • the control circuit welding body is equipped with a lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit, and the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery is connected to the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit through a positive electrode soldering piece
  • the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit includes: welding a lithium ion battery charging control circuit, a lithium ion battery detecting circuit, and a lithium ion battery, a positive electrode end cover, and a lithium ion battery charging control circuit electrically connected to the negative electrode end cover through the charging and discharging controller housing and the outer package housing, respectively And DC-DC step-down regulator discharge circuit.
  • the invention also provides a control method for a general-purpose rechargeable battery comprising a lithium ion battery
  • the universal rechargeable battery comprising the lithium ion battery comprises: an outer package shell, and the charge and discharge assembled in the outer package shell in sequence a controller, a positive electrode soldering piece, a lithium ion battery, and a negative electrode end cover
  • the charge and discharge controller includes: a charging and discharging controller housing, and a charging and discharging control circuit soldering body and a charging device disposed in the charging and discharging controller housing
  • the discharge controller bracket, the charge and discharge control circuit is soldered to the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit
  • the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit comprises: soldering on the circuit substrate and respectively corresponding to the lithium ion battery and the positive terminal a lid, and a lithium ion battery charging control circuit electrically connected to the negative end cap through the charging and discharging controller housing and the outer package housing, a lithium ion battery detecting circuit, and
  • the charging and discharging control method of the universal type rechargeable battery includes the following control conditions:
  • Control condition 1 When the charging power source is connected to the universal charging battery, the lithium ion battery detecting circuit detects the charging voltage that is connected, and controls the DC-DC buck type voltage stabilizing discharge circuit and the lithium ion battery charging control circuit to enter the charging. State, in the charging state, the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit turns off the regulated output, and the lithium ion battery charging control circuit turns on to charge the lithium ion battery;
  • Controlling condition 2 in the charging state, the lithium ion battery charging control circuit detects an output voltage of the lithium ion battery, and selects trickle charging, constant current charging or constant voltage charging according to an output voltage state of the lithium ion battery.
  • the method is to charge a lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery charging control circuit detects a maximum allowable output current of the charging power source. When the maximum allowable output current of the charging power source is less than a set charging current value, the charging power source is charged. Maximum allowable The output current charges the lithium ion battery, and stops charging the lithium ion battery when the charging current of the constant voltage charging state drops to the set full state determining current;
  • Control condition three when the charging power source is separated from the universal charging battery, the lithium ion battery detecting circuit detects that the charging power source is detached, and releases excess energy stored by the filter capacitor during charging, so that the positive and negative electrodes of the universal rechargeable battery are The voltage quickly drops to or below the maximum open circuit voltage, and controls the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit and the lithium ion battery charge control circuit to enter a discharge state. In the discharge state, the lithium ion battery charge control circuit turns off the charge output, DC -DC buck regulator discharge circuit turns on the regulated discharge, and according to the control condition four regulated discharge output;
  • Control condition four in the discharge state, the lithium ion battery detection circuit monitors the output voltage of the lithium ion battery, and controls the output feedback depth of the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit, and the output voltage of the lithium ion battery is higher than the low battery
  • the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit is controlled to reduce the output voltage of the lithium ion battery to the first output voltage regulated output; when the output voltage of the lithium ion battery is higher than the discharge cutoff voltage V D but equal to or lower than
  • the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit is controlled to reduce the output voltage of the lithium ion battery to the second output voltage regulated output, and the output voltage after charging the lithium ion battery is higher than V L + ⁇
  • V 1 the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit is controlled to restore the first output voltage regulated output; V L is the set lithium ion battery low battery voltage, and ⁇ V 1 is the set lithium ion battery low battery voltage. Detecting the threshold voltage of
  • Control condition 5 in the discharge state, the lithium ion battery detection circuit monitors the output voltage of the lithium ion battery, and controls the DC-DC step-down mode when the output voltage of the lithium ion battery drops to be equal to or lower than the discharge cutoff voltage V D
  • the voltage discharge circuit turns off the regulated output, and when the output voltage of the lithium ion battery is higher than V D + ⁇ V 2 , the voltage output is restored according to the control condition 4; ⁇ V 2 is the set discharge voltage of the lithium ion battery. Detecting the threshold voltage of the threshold;
  • Control condition six in the charging process of the universal rechargeable battery, the lithium ion battery detecting circuit detects the temperature of the lithium ion battery, and controls the charging of the lithium ion battery when the temperature of the lithium ion battery rises to the charging upper limit temperature T CH
  • the control circuit stops charging the lithium ion battery, and resumes charging again when the temperature of the lithium ion battery drops below T CH - ⁇ T 1
  • T CH is the set lithium ion battery charging upper limit temperature
  • ⁇ T 1 is the setting The temperature difference corresponding to the hysteresis voltage of the T CH detection threshold
  • Control condition seven in the discharge process of the universal rechargeable battery, the lithium ion battery detection circuit detects the temperature of the lithium ion battery, and controls the DC-DC voltage drop when the temperature of the lithium ion battery rises to the discharge upper limit temperature T DH
  • the type regulated discharge circuit stops the regulated output, and restores the regulated output again when the temperature of the lithium ion battery drops below T DH - ⁇ T 2
  • T DH is the set upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery, ⁇ T 2
  • control condition 1 gives the charging power source to the universal rechargeable battery, and the control condition 6 allows the lithium ion battery to be charged, the lithium ion battery is charged according to the control condition 2, and the lithium ion battery is not allowed to be charged when the control condition 6 is not allowed. Stop charging the Li-ion battery;
  • control condition three gives the general-purpose rechargeable battery out of the charging power supply
  • control condition 5 and the control condition 7 both allow the lithium ion battery to discharge the output
  • the control condition four the lithium ion battery output power is stepped down and the output is stabilized, when the control is performed.
  • the condition 5 or the control condition 7 does not allow the lithium ion battery to discharge output
  • the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit is controlled to turn off the regulated output.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the universal rechargeable battery comprising the lithium ion battery of the invention has a regulated output of 1.5V and a regulated output of 1.1V when the lithium ion battery is low, and can be charged by a computer USB interface or a universal lithium ion battery.
  • the adapter charges it, its body structure and discharge performance meet the technical specifications of GB/T 8897.2-2013 and IEC 60086-2, which can directly replace the existing universal primary battery and nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery, with high performance and charging.
  • the controller and the lithium ion battery are assembled in the same outer package by pressing together and the two are connected through the positive electrode tab to prevent contact ablation during high current charging and discharging, and improve the charging controller and the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery.
  • the reliability of the connection, the structure of the charge and discharge controller and the assembly process are simple, which is conducive to automated mass production assembly.
  • the controller housing is used as the electrode structure of the lithium ion battery negative electrode to connect to the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit, which saves a large Charge and discharge the internal space of the controller, eliminating the moving parts that hinder the sealing of the charge and discharge controller, and realizing the charge and discharge controller Waterproof sealing to prevent the problem of circuit failure after damp and water immersion, which is beneficial to improve the storage capacity of general-purpose rechargeable battery and reduce production cost.
  • the charge and discharge controller is equipped with lithium ion battery charging control circuit, lithium ion battery detection circuit and DC-
  • the DC step-down type regulated discharge circuit has high-precision temperature detection function, realizes the control and protection of the charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery, improves the cycle life and safety of the lithium ion battery, and uses the lithium ion of the present invention.
  • the control method of the general-purpose rechargeable battery composed of the battery according to the charging and discharging working technical conditions required for the lithium ion battery, by setting the lithium ion battery charging control circuit, the lithium ion battery detecting circuit and the DC-DC buck type voltage stabilizing discharging circuit Control and protect the charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery, and realize the control and protection of the charging mode, charging rate, overcharging, overdischarging, discharging rate and charging and discharging overheating of the charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery.
  • Lithium-ion battery cycle life and safety, and the realization of universal charging The tank regulator output is 1.5V and the regulated output is 1.1V when the lithium-ion battery is low.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a positive end of a rechargeable battery after assembly of an R20 rechargeable battery composed of a lithium ion battery;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the negative end of the rechargeable battery after assembly of the R20 rechargeable battery composed of a lithium ion battery;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a positive end of a negative-capacity single-cell lithium ion battery of a R20 rechargeable battery using a lithium ion battery;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the negative end of a negative-capacity single-cell lithium ion battery of a R20 rechargeable battery using a lithium ion battery;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the internal assembly structure of the outer package housing along the axis after the assembly of the R20 rechargeable battery composed of the single-capacitor lithium-ion battery;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic exploded view of the R20 rechargeable battery assembled by using a single-cell lithium-ion battery with a negative-case package;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a positive end of a positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery of a R20 rechargeable battery using a plurality of lithium ion batteries connected in parallel;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a negative end of a positive-electrode packaged single-cell lithium ion battery of a R20 rechargeable battery using a plurality of lithium ion batteries connected in parallel;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the negative end of the parallel assembly of the positive electrode package unit lithium ion battery of the R20 rechargeable battery using a plurality of lithium ion batteries connected in parallel;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic exploded view showing a parallel assembly of a positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery using a R20 rechargeable battery in which a plurality of lithium ion batteries are connected in parallel;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the internal assembly structure of the outer package housing along the axis after assembly of the R20 rechargeable battery comprising a plurality of outer casing positive package lithium ion batteries;
  • Figure 12 is a R20 rechargeable battery composed of a plurality of positive-case packaged single-cell lithium-ion batteries. Schematic diagram of the exploded structure after assembly;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a positive end of a soft-packaged single-cell lithium ion battery used in an R20 rechargeable battery in which a plurality of lithium ion batteries are connected in parallel;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a positive end of a parallel assembly of a soft-packaged single-cell lithium-ion battery equipped with a plurality of lithium-ion batteries in parallel;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic exploded view of a lithium-ion battery parallel assembly assembled with a flexible packaged single-cell lithium-ion battery using a plurality of lithium-ion batteries in parallel;
  • 16 is a schematic view showing the internal assembly structure of the outer package housing along the axis after assembly of the R20 rechargeable battery composed of a plurality of soft packaged single lithium ion batteries;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic exploded view of an R20 rechargeable battery constructed by using a plurality of soft packaged single lithium ion batteries;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of one end of a positive electrode end cover of a charging and discharging controller for a R20 rechargeable battery;
  • 19 is a schematic structural view of the R20 rechargeable battery equipped with a charge and discharge controller for the positive end of the lithium ion battery;
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic view showing the internal assembly structure of the charging and discharging controller housing, the charging and discharging controller bracket and the positive electrode end cover along the axis after the R20 rechargeable battery is assembled with the charging and discharging controller;
  • 21 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of an R20 rechargeable battery equipped with a charge and discharge controller
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural view of one end of a positive electrode end cover of a PCB soldering body in a charge and discharge controller of an R20 rechargeable battery;
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view showing the structure of the anode of the PCB soldering body lithium ion battery in the R20 rechargeable battery with the charge and discharge controller;
  • Figure 24 is a schematic view showing the explosion structure of the PCB soldering body in the charging and discharging controller of the R20 rechargeable battery;
  • 25 is a schematic structural view of a positive end of a rechargeable battery after assembly of an R14 rechargeable battery composed of a lithium ion battery;
  • 26 is a schematic structural view of the negative end of the rechargeable battery after assembly of the R14 rechargeable battery composed of a lithium ion battery;
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic view showing the structure of a positive end of a positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery of a R14 rechargeable battery using a lithium ion battery;
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic view showing the structure of the negative end of the positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery of the R14 rechargeable battery using the lithium ion battery;
  • 29 is a schematic view showing the internal assembly structure of the outer package housing along the axis after the assembly of the R14 rechargeable battery composed of the positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery;
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic exploded view of the assembled R14 rechargeable battery comprising a single-cell lithium-ion battery with a positive electrode package;
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a positive end of a negative electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery of a R14 rechargeable battery using a plurality of lithium ion batteries;
  • 32 is a schematic view showing the structure of the negative end of the negative electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery of the R14 rechargeable battery using a plurality of lithium ion batteries;
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a positive end of a parallel assembly of a negative electrode package unit lithium ion battery using a R14 rechargeable battery composed of a plurality of lithium ion batteries;
  • FIG. 34 is a schematic exploded view showing a parallel assembly of a negative electrode package unit lithium ion battery using a R14 rechargeable battery composed of a plurality of lithium ion batteries;
  • 35 is a schematic view showing the internal assembly structure of the outer package housing along the axis after assembly of the R14 rechargeable battery comprising a plurality of outer casing negative package lithium ion batteries;
  • FIG. 36 is a schematic exploded view of the assembled R14 rechargeable battery comprising a plurality of outer casing negative-package single-cell lithium ion batteries;
  • FIG. 37 is a schematic structural view of one end of a positive electrode end cover of a charging and discharging controller for a R14 rechargeable battery;
  • FIG. 38 is a schematic structural view of the R14 rechargeable battery equipped with a charge and discharge controller for the positive end of the lithium ion battery;
  • 39 is a schematic view showing the internal assembly structure of the charging and discharging controller housing, the charging and discharging controller bracket and the positive electrode end cover along the axis after the R14 rechargeable battery is assembled with the charging and discharging controller;
  • 40 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of the R14 rechargeable battery equipped with a charge and discharge controller
  • 41 is a structural schematic view showing one end of a positive electrode end cover of a PCB soldering body in a charging and discharging controller of a R14 rechargeable battery;
  • FIG. 42 is a structural schematic view showing the end of the positive electrode of the PCB soldering body lithium ion battery in the charging and discharging controller of the R14 rechargeable battery;
  • 43 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of a PCB soldering body in a charging and discharging controller for a R14 rechargeable battery;
  • a rechargeable battery of the present invention which adopts an integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip, an integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detecting and controlling chip, and an integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip to form a rechargeable battery.
  • FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of a discharge process voltage curve of a rechargeable battery using a lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ) battery and a lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) battery and a discharge voltage curve of the rechargeable battery.
  • LiCoO 2 lithium cobaltate
  • LiFePO 4 lithium iron phosphate
  • the present invention provides a universal rechargeable battery comprising a lithium ion battery, comprising: an outer package housing, and a charge and discharge controller, a positive electrode solder tab, a lithium ion battery, and a negative terminal end which are sequentially assembled and assembled in the outer package housing a cap of the charging and discharging controller is provided with a positive electrode end cover exposed to the outer package housing, the positive electrode contact point is a positive electrode of the universal rechargeable battery, and one end of the negative electrode end cover is exposed A negative electrode contact point of the package case, the negative electrode contact point serving as a negative electrode of a general-purpose rechargeable battery.
  • the charge and discharge controller 150 includes: a charge and discharge controller housing 151 (251), and a charge and discharge controller housing 151 (251).
  • the charge and discharge control circuit soldering body 160 (260) and the charge and discharge controller holder 152 (252) are mounted, and the charge and discharge control circuit solder body 160 (260) is soldered with a lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit.
  • the circuit structure on the soldering and discharging body 160 (260) of the charging and discharging control circuit a component for soldering and discharging a lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit and a positive electrode end cover 101 (201) on the front surface of the PCB circuit substrate 171 (271) are used.
  • the positive electrode tab 161 (261) is welded to the back surface of the PCB circuit board 171 (271), and the charge and discharge controller case 151 (251) is welded to the PCB circuit board 171 (271).
  • the charging/discharging controller 150 has a structure in which a charging and discharging controller bracket 152 (252) and a charging and discharging control circuit welding body 160 (260) are mounted in the charging and discharging controller housing 151 (251). After the charge and discharge controller housing 151 (251) is edge-sealed, the charge and discharge controller housing 151 (251) is crimped to the V-side of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit of the PCB circuit board 171 (271). The copper part is composed.
  • the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery is connected to the node Jb+ of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit through the positive electrode tab 161 (261) (as shown in FIG.
  • the package housing 102 (202) and the charge and discharge controller housing 151 (251) are connected to the V-end of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit, and the positive end cover 101 (201) is connected to the V+ of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit. end.
  • the assembling step of the charging and discharging control circuit soldering body 160 includes: step 1. soldering components of the lithium ion battery charging and discharging control circuit on the front surface of the PCB circuit substrate 171 (271) to form the PCB soldering body 170 (270); Step 2, on the front side of the PCB circuit substrate 171 (271) of the PCB solder body 170 (270), the copper-plated portion of the lithium-ion battery charge and discharge control circuit V + end, welding the positive electrode end cover 101 (201); Step 3.
  • the copper-clad portion is welded to the positive electrode tab 161 (261) to constitute a charge-discharge control circuit solder body 160 (260).
  • the assembly step of the charge and discharge controller 150 includes: Step 1, loading and discharging the controller 152 (252) into the charge and discharge controller housing 151 (251); Step 2, charging and discharging the control circuit
  • the soldering body 160 (260) is loaded into the charging and discharging controller bracket 152 (252); in step 3, the charging and discharging controller housing 151 (251) is edge-sealed by the edger; step 4, the PCB circuit board 171 (271)
  • the lithium-ion battery charge and discharge control circuit V-end copper-clad portion and the charge-discharge controller housing 151 (251) are crimped after the hem; step 5, through the injection hole of the PCB circuit board 171 (271)
  • the glue after the adhesive is cured, constitutes a charge and discharge controller 150 (250).
  • the charge and discharge controller housing 151 becomes the access electrode of the V-terminal of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit, and the positive electrode end cover 101 (201) becomes a lithium ion.
  • the charge and discharge controller bracket 152 (252) is made of a light-guiding type insulating material for mounting the charging and discharging control circuit welding body 160 (260), and will be used to display the charging state of the general-purpose rechargeable battery.
  • the optical signal emitted by D1 is conducted to the outside of the general-purpose rechargeable battery to display the state of charge of the universal rechargeable battery.
  • the structure of the charge and discharge controller 150 satisfies the technical conditions of the R20 rechargeable battery, and the structure of the charge and discharge controller 250 satisfies the technical conditions for the R14 rechargeable battery.
  • the lithium ion battery is selected from a negative electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery, a positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery, or a plurality of parallel outer casings of a lithium-ion battery connected by a current collecting device, and a plurality of parallel lithium-ion batteries.
  • the casing is provided with a single-cell lithium-ion battery and a plurality of parallel-packed soft-packaged single-cell lithium-ion batteries.
  • the current collecting device comprises a positive current collecting tab and a negative current collecting soldering fin disposed at two ends of a single lithium ion battery.
  • the step of assembling a universal rechargeable battery using a single-cell lithium-ion battery includes: step 1, using a spot welder to solder the negative electrode end cap to the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery; and step 2, using a spot welder to solder the positive electrode of the charge and discharge controller
  • the sheet is soldered to the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery;
  • step 3 the charged charge and discharge controller, the single lithium ion battery and the negative electrode end cover are loaded into the outer package housing along the axial direction, and placed in the insulation positioning tool pressure of the edge sealing machine After the fixing, the outer package housing is sealed and sealed to complete the universal rechargeable battery assembly;
  • step 4 the outer packaging shell of the assembled universal rechargeable battery is coated or coated with insulating and decorative materials to form a universal rechargeable battery product.
  • Embodiments employing such an assembly method include: an R20 rechargeable battery comprising a single-capacitor lithium-ion battery with a negative-case package, and an R14 rechargeable battery comprising a single-cell lithium-ion battery with a positive-case package.
  • the step of the battery includes: Step 1.
  • the side of the positive current collecting tab to which the insulating film is attached is directed toward the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery, and the positive current collecting soldering piece is respectively welded to the positive electrode of each single lithium ion battery by using a spot welding machine.
  • the positive current collecting soldering piece is made into a parallel positive electrode of each single-cell lithium ion battery; in step 2, the side of the negative current collecting current piece to which the insulating film is attached is directed to the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery, and the negative electrode current collecting is performed by a spot welding machine.
  • the sheets are respectively soldered to the negative electrodes of the individual lithium ion batteries, so that the negative current collecting tabs become the parallel negative electrodes of the individual lithium ion batteries, and constitute a parallel assembly of several single lithium ion batteries;
  • Step 3 using spot welding
  • the negative electrode end cover is welded on the negative current collecting tab of the lithium ion battery parallel assembly;
  • step 4 the spot welding machine is used to weld the positive electrode welding piece of the charge and discharge controller and the positive current collecting piece of the lithium ion battery parallel assembly
  • Step 5 Insert the soldered charge and discharge controller, the lithium ion battery parallel assembly and the negative electrode end cover into the outer package housing along the axial direction, and put them into the insulation positioning tool press of the edge sealing machine.
  • Step 6 the outer housing outer package assembled in general-purpose rechargeable battery and an insulating covering or decorative material coated universal rechargeable battery product.
  • Embodiments adopting such an assembly method include: an R20 rechargeable battery in which a plurality of outer casing positive-package single-cell lithium ion batteries are connected in parallel, and an R14 rechargeable battery in which a plurality of outer casing negative-package single-cell lithium ion batteries are connected in parallel.
  • the positive electrode end cover, the outer package housing, the negative electrode end cover, the charge and discharge controller housing, the positive electrode solder tab, the positive current collecting tab, and the negative current collecting tab are all made of high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity.
  • the metal material of the performance is manufactured, and the surface is subjected to conductive oxidation prevention treatment, wherein the positive current collecting tab and the negative current collecting soldering piece are adhered to the insulating portion of the welded portion by a conductive anti-oxidation treatment. .
  • the forming process of the outer package shell is formed by prefabricated thin-walled pipe, or by sheet metal forming, or by sheet metal forming; the forming process of the charging and discharging controller shell is formed by prefabricating thin-walled pipe, or Formed by sheet metal or formed by sheet metal.
  • the PCB circuit substrate is made of an insulating material with a high thermal conductivity, and can transfer heat generated by the lithium ion battery and components to the outer package housing for heat dissipation.
  • the heat dissipation principle of the universal rechargeable battery after assembly is: the heat generated by the power device of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit is transmitted to the general-purpose rechargeable battery through the PCB circuit substrate and the circuit copper-clad heat conduction structure and the charge and discharge controller housing.
  • the package case heats up; the heat generated by the lithium ion battery is conducted at the positive end of the lithium ion battery through the positive electrode solder tab, the PCB circuit substrate, the circuit copper-clad heat conduction structure, and the charge and discharge controller housing to the universal rechargeable battery outer package.
  • Body heat dissipation At the negative end of the lithium ion battery, the negative end cap is conducted to the outer package of the universal rechargeable battery to dissipate heat.
  • the charge and discharge control circuit is equipped with a lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit, and the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit comprises: soldering on the circuit substrate and respectively respectively, and the lithium ion battery, The positive pole cover and the lithium ion battery charging control circuit, the lithium ion battery detecting circuit, and the DC-DC buck type voltage stabilizing discharging circuit electrically connected to the negative electrode end cover through the charging and discharging controller housing and the outer package housing.
  • the universal rechargeable battery of the present invention is charged by a computer USB interface or a universal lithium ion battery charging adapter. When the universal rechargeable battery is connected to the charging power source, the lithium ion battery detecting circuit detects the connected charging voltage and controls the DC.
  • the -DC buck regulator discharge circuit turns off the regulated output and controls the Li-Ion battery charge control circuit to charge the Li-Ion battery.
  • the charging input voltage of the lithium ion battery charging control circuit of the R20 and R14 universal rechargeable batteries is compatible with the computer USB interface and the universal lithium ion battery charging adapter.
  • the maximum charging current I CHG of the lithium ion battery charging control circuit of the R20 and R14 universal rechargeable batteries is set by the resistance value of the second resistor R2 according to the capacity and charging characteristics of the lithium ion battery to be used, but if the charging power source is used When the maximum allowable output current is less than the set charging current I CHG , the lithium ion battery charging control circuit charges the lithium ion battery according to the maximum allowable output current of the charging power source, so that the charging input current of the R20 and R14 universal rechargeable batteries is compatible with the computer USB.
  • the difference in the actual charging effect is that if the maximum allowable output current of the charging power source is greater than the set charging current I CHG , the charging time of the universal charging battery is shorter, if the maximum allowable output current of the charging power source is less than the set charging current.
  • I CHG the general-purpose rechargeable battery has a longer charging time.
  • the universal rechargeable battery constructed by using the lithium ion battery of the present invention has a charging state in which the charging power source is connected and a discharging state in which the charging power source is disconnected.
  • the charge and discharge control method of the universal type rechargeable battery includes the following control conditions:
  • Control condition 1 When the charging power source is connected to the universal charging battery, the lithium ion battery detecting circuit detects the charging voltage that is connected, and controls the DC-DC buck type voltage stabilizing discharge circuit and the lithium ion battery charging control circuit to enter the charging. status. In the charging state, the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit turns off the regulated output, and the lithium ion battery charging control circuit turns on to charge the lithium ion battery.
  • Controlling condition 2 in the charging state, the lithium ion battery charging control circuit detects an output voltage of the lithium ion battery, and selects trickle charging, constant current charging or constant voltage charging according to an output voltage state of the lithium ion battery.
  • the method is to charge a lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery charging control circuit detects a maximum allowable output current of the charging power source. When the maximum allowable output current of the charging power source is less than a set charging current value, the charging power source is charged. The maximum allowable output current charges the lithium ion battery, and when the charging current in the constant voltage charging state drops to the set full state determination current, the charging of the lithium ion battery is stopped.
  • Control condition three when the charging power source is separated from the universal rechargeable battery, the lithium ion battery is inspected
  • the measuring circuit detects that the charging power source is disconnected, and the excess energy stored by the filter capacitor during the charging process is released, so that the voltage between the positive and negative electrodes of the universal rechargeable battery is rapidly reduced to be equal to or lower than the maximum open circuit voltage, and the DC-DC voltage is controlled.
  • the type regulated discharge circuit and the lithium ion battery charging control circuit enter a discharge state. In the discharge state, the lithium ion battery charging control circuit turns off the charging output, and the DC-DC buck type voltage stabilizing discharging circuit turns on the voltage stabilizing discharge, and discharges according to the control condition four voltage stabilizing outputs.
  • Control condition four in the discharge state, the lithium ion battery detection circuit monitors the output voltage of the lithium ion battery, and controls the output feedback depth of the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit, and the output voltage of the lithium ion battery is higher than the low battery
  • the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit is controlled to reduce the output voltage of the lithium ion battery to the first output voltage regulated output; when the output voltage of the lithium ion battery is higher than the discharge cutoff voltage V D but equal to or lower than
  • the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit is controlled to reduce the output voltage of the lithium ion battery to the second output voltage regulated output, and the output voltage after charging the lithium ion battery is higher than V L + ⁇
  • V 1 the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit is controlled to restore the first output voltage regulated output;
  • V L is the lithium ion set by the voltage detecting circuit according to the voltage/capacity characteristic of the lithium ion battery matched with the universal rechargeable
  • ⁇ V 1 voltage detection circuit is set low battery voltage of the lithium ion detector threshold hysteresis
  • V D is the voltage detecting circuit according to general rechargeable batteries lithium-ion supporting The discharge characteristics of the lithium ion battery set discharge cutoff voltage.
  • Control condition 5 in the discharge state, the lithium ion battery detection circuit monitors the output voltage of the lithium ion battery, and controls the DC-DC step-down mode when the output voltage of the lithium ion battery drops to be equal to or lower than the discharge cutoff voltage V D
  • the piezoelectric discharge circuit turns off the regulated output, and when the output voltage of the lithium ion battery is higher than V D + ⁇ V 2 , the regulated output is restored according to the control condition 4;
  • ⁇ V 2 is the lithium ion battery set by the voltage detecting circuit.
  • Control condition six in the charging process of the universal rechargeable battery, the lithium ion battery detecting circuit detects the temperature of the lithium ion battery, and controls the charging of the lithium ion battery when the temperature of the lithium ion battery rises to the charging upper limit temperature T CH
  • the control circuit stops charging the lithium ion battery, and resumes charging again when the temperature of the lithium ion battery drops below the charging upper limit temperature minus the difference temperature (ie, T CH - ⁇ T 1 ), and the T CH is in accordance with the general-purpose rechargeable battery.
  • the lithium ion battery charging upper limit temperature set by the charging technical condition of the lithium ion battery and ⁇ T 1 is the hysteresis temperature corresponding to the hysteresis voltage of the T CH detecting threshold set by the thermistor Rt voltage detecting circuit;
  • Control condition seven in the discharge process of the universal rechargeable battery, the lithium ion battery detecting circuit detects the temperature of the lithium ion battery, and controls the DC-DC drop when the temperature of the lithium ion battery rises to the discharge upper limit temperature T DH
  • the voltage-type regulated discharge circuit stops the regulated output, and restores the regulated output again when the temperature of the lithium-ion battery drops below the discharge upper limit temperature minus the return difference temperature (ie, T DH - ⁇ T 2 ), and the T DH is in accordance with the general
  • the discharge upper limit temperature of the lithium ion battery set by the discharge technical condition of the lithium ion battery of the type rechargeable battery, ⁇ T 2 is the hysteresis temperature corresponding to the hysteresis voltage of the T DH detection threshold set by the thermistor Rt voltage detecting circuit.
  • control condition 1 gives the charging power source to the universal rechargeable battery, and the control condition 6 allows the lithium ion battery to be charged, the lithium ion battery is charged according to the control condition 2, and the lithium ion battery is not allowed to be charged when the control condition 6 is not allowed. Stop charging the Li-ion battery;
  • control condition three gives the general-purpose rechargeable battery out of the charging power supply
  • control condition 5 and the control condition 7 both allow the lithium ion battery to discharge the output
  • the control condition four the lithium ion battery output power is stepped down and the output is stabilized, when the control is performed.
  • the condition 5 or the control condition 7 does not allow the lithium ion battery to discharge output
  • the DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit is controlled to turn off the regulated output.
  • the first output voltage of the general-purpose rechargeable battery of the present invention may be any voltage value of 1.35V to 1.725V, and the second output voltage may be any voltage value of 0.9V to 1.35V, and the maximum open circuit voltage may be It is an arbitrary voltage value of 1.5V to 1.725V; preferably, the first output voltage is 1.5V, the second output voltage is 1.1V, and the maximum open circuit voltage is 1.65V.
  • the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit includes: a lithium ion battery LIB, an integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1, an integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2, and an integrated DC.
  • the second capacitor C2, the fourth capacitor C4, the first inductor L1, and the light emitting diode D1 constitute a lithium ion battery charging control circuit, and integrate the lithium ion battery charge and discharge detecting and controlling chip U2, the fourth resistor R4, the
  • the signal ground pin AGND of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium-ion battery charge control chip U1 is connected to the negative pole of the first capacitor C1, the cathode of the fourth capacitor C4, and the V- terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit of the lithium ion battery, integrated DC- Thermistor of DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1
  • the access pin NTC is connected to the signal ground pin AGND of the DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1, and the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 is charged and the detection pin BAT is connected.
  • the charging current setting pin IBSET of the ion battery charging control chip U1 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2, and the output tracking detection pin BSC of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 is connected to the positive pole of the first capacitor C1.
  • the charge enable pin EN is connected to one end of the charge control pin CEC and the third resistor R3 of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2; the lithium ion battery of the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 Access
  • the foot VBSE is connected to the positive pole of the lithium ion battery LIB, the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 power ground pin GND is connected to the V-terminal of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit, and the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 temperature detection setting pin DTCS is connected to node P1, integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 NTC voltage detection pin NTC is connected to the voltage point
  • the input pin AVDD is connected to the positive pole of the lithium ion battery LIB and the positive pole of the second capacitor C2, and the power ground pin PGND of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 is connected to the negative pole of the second capacitor C2 and the cathode of the fourth capacitor C4.
  • the signal ground pin AGND of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 is connected to the negative pole of the second capacitor C2, the cathode of the third capacitor C3, and the lithium ion battery charge and discharge.
  • the V-terminal of the control circuit, the error amplifier of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3, the external compensation pin SHDN/RT is connected to one end of the twelfth resistor R12, and the oscillation of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3
  • the external setting pin COMP is connected to one end of the eleventh resistor R11, and the feedback input pin FB of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 is connected to the voltage dividing point P4, and the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3
  • the output enable pin EN is connected to the discharge control pin DEN of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2.
  • the first end of the seventh resistor R7, the modulation output pin SW of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 is connected to one end of the second inductor L2;
  • the first resistor R1 is a current limiting resistor of the LED D1,
  • One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the V+ end of the charge and discharge control circuit of the lithium ion battery, and the other end is connected to the anode of the light emitting diode D1;
  • the second resistor R2 is the charging current setting of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1.
  • the second resistor R2 is connected to the charging current setting pin IBSET of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium-ion battery charging control chip U1, and the other end is connected to the signal ground of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1.
  • the third resistor R3 is a pull-up resistor of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 charging enable pin EN, and the third resistor R3 is connected with an integrated DC-DC step-down lithium
  • the charging enable chip EN of the ion battery charging control chip U1 is connected to the positive terminal of the lithium ion battery LIB
  • the fourth resistor R4 is the upper bias voltage dividing resistor of the voltage dividing point P2, and the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the lithium terminal.
  • the positive pole of the ion battery LIB the other end is connected to the fifth resistor R5
  • the node P1; the fifth resistor R5 is an upper bias voltage dividing resistor of the voltage dividing point P2, the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the fourth resistor R4 at the node P1, and the other end is connected to the negative temperature coefficient thermistor Rt for voltage division.
  • the sixth resistor R6 is the charging residual energy discharge current limiting resistor of the fourth capacitor C4, and the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the remaining energy release pin DECO of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 at one end, One end is connected to the positive pole of the fourth capacitor C4;
  • the seventh resistor R7 is a pull-up resistor of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 output enable pin EN, and the seventh resistor R7 is connected with an integrated DC-DC buck.
  • the output regulator chip U3 has an output enable pin EN, and the other end is connected to the anode of the lithium ion battery LIB; the eighth resistor R8 is an upper bias voltage dividing resistor of the voltage dividing point P4, and the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the lithium ion at one end.
  • the V+ end of the battery charge and discharge control circuit the other end is connected to the ninth resistor R9 at the voltage dividing point P4; the ninth resistor R9 is the lower bias voltage dividing resistor of the voltage dividing point P4, and the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the eighth resistor R8 is at a voltage dividing point P4, and the other end is connected to a tenth resistor R10 at a node P3; the tenth resistor R10 is a voltage dividing point P4.
  • Bias voltage divider resistor the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the ninth resistor R9 at node P3, and the other end is connected to the lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 power ground pin GND and integrated DC-DC buck regulator
  • the external set pin COMP of the oscillator of the chip U3 is connected, and the signal ground pin AGND of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 is connected to the other end;
  • the twelfth resistor R12 is integrated DC-DC step-down type stable
  • the error amplifier of the voltage chip U3 compensates for the loop resistance, and the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the error amplifier external compensation pin SHDN/RT of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3, and the other end is connected to one end of the third capacitor C3;
  • the negative temperature coefficient thermistor Rt is the negative temperature coefficient thermistor of the lithium ion battery LIB temperature sensing, the negative temperature coefficient thermistor Rt is connected to the fifth resistor R5 at the voltage dividing point P2, and the other end is connected to the integrated lithium ion battery.
  • Charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 power supply ground pin GND, negative temperature system
  • the body insulation portion of the number thermistor Rt is abutted on the heat conduction circuit structure connected to the LIB output electrode of the lithium ion battery
  • the light emitting diode D1 is a charging operation state of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 Displaying a light emitting diode, the anode of the light emitting diode D1 is connected to the other end of the first resistor R1, and the cathode of the light emitting diode D1 is connected to the charging state output pin LDD of the DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1;
  • Inductor L1 is the output filter and compensation inductor of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium-ion battery charge control chip U1.
  • the first inductor L1 is connected to the output tracking detection pin of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium-ion battery charge control chip U1.
  • the BSC and the positive pole of the first capacitor C1 are connected to the modulation output pin SW of the DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1;
  • the second inductor L2 is an integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip.
  • U3's output filtering and compensation inductance, the second inductor L2 is connected to the modulation output pin SW of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3, and the other end is connected to the positive electrode of the fourth capacitor C4 and the charge and discharge control of the lithium ion battery.
  • the first capacitor C1 is a charging output filter and a compensation capacitor of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1, and the anode of the first capacitor C1 is integrated with a DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery.
  • the output of the charging control chip U1 tracks the detecting pin BSC and one end of the first inductor L1, and the negative terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the power ground pin PGND of the DC-DC buck type lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 and the integrated DC- DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 signal ground pin AGND and lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit V-end;
  • the second capacitor C2 is integrated DC-DC buck lithium ion battery charge control chip
  • the charging output filter capacitor of U1 and the input filter and compensation capacitor of integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3, the positive terminal of the second capacitor C2 is integrated with the charging output of DC-DC buck lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 and Detect pin
  • the other end of the twelve resistor R12 is connected to the signal ground pin AGND of the DC-DC buck regulator chip U3; the fourth capacitor C4 is an integrated DC-DC buck lithium ion battery charge control chip U1.
  • the input filter and compensation capacitor and the output filter and compensation capacitor of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator U3, the positive terminal of the fourth capacitor C4 is integrated with the DC-DC buck lithium-ion battery charge control chip U1.
  • the pin PVin and the second inductor L2 and the V+ terminal of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit, and the negative terminal of the fourth capacitor C4 are connected to the power ground pin PGND of the DC-DC buck lithium ion battery charge control chip U1, integrated DC -DC buck regulator chip U3 power ground pin PGND, integrated DC-DC drop Lithium ion battery charge control chip U1, and the signal ground pin AGND integrated DC-DC step-down regulator chip U3 signal ground pin AGND.
  • the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 is a model of MGS2520A or MGS2520B or MGS2520C of ShenZhen Migison Electric Co., Ltd., and its main control parameters include Charging input voltage 4V ⁇ 6V, charging upper limit voltage V H (4.2V for MGS2520A, 3.65V for MGS2520B, 4.35V for MGS2520C), maximum charge output current 2A (I CHG ), full state determination current I CHG /10;
  • the model of integrated lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 is MGS1700A or MGS1700B of Shenzhen Magesson Electric Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the main control parameters include: input voltage 2.25V ⁇ 9V, NTC voltage detection threshold is 0.5V LIB , Discharge low battery voltage V L (3.4V for MGS1700A, 3.0V for MGS1700B), discharge cutoff voltage V D (3.0V for MGS1700A, 2.55V for MGS1700B), and a residual power release threshold of 1.65V; the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 model Shenzhen Maige Song electric Co., Ltd. or the MGS3050 MGS3035, which comprises a main control parameters, input voltage 2.25V ⁇ 6V, the feedback reference voltage 0.6V (V FB), the maximum output Stream (MGS3050 as 5A, MGS3035 to 3.5A).
  • Charge and discharge mode switching control method when the universal rechargeable battery is not connected to the charging power state, the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 charging power supply pin VCS voltage is less than 4V, integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and The charge control pin CEC and the discharge control pin DEN output of the control chip U2 are both high impedance state. In this state, the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charge control chip U1 is replaced by the third resistor due to the charge enable pin EN. R3 pull-up is high and the charging is turned off. The integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 turns on the regulated discharge output because the output enable pin EN is pulled up to the high level by the seventh resistor R7.
  • the type rechargeable battery enters the steady state discharge state.
  • the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 detects that the charging input voltage is higher than the charging power input pin VCS.
  • the charge control pin CEC and the discharge control pin DEN output of the integrated lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 are both low level.
  • the DC-DC step-down lithium-ion battery charge control chip U1 is integrated.
  • the charging enable pin EN is integrated with the lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2's charge control pin CEC is pulled low to charge the lithium ion battery LIB, integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 Since the output enable pin EN is integrated with the lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and the discharge control pin DEN of the control chip U2 is pulled down to a low level, the regulated discharge is turned off, and the general-purpose rechargeable battery enters a charging state.
  • the integrated lithium ion battery charging and discharging detecting and controlling chip U2's remaining power releasing pin DECO output is low level, so that the fourth capacitor C4
  • the excess electric energy charged during charging is discharged by the sixth resistor R6, so that the no-load voltage of the universal rechargeable battery is rapidly reduced to the maximum open circuit voltage, and after the voltage of the fourth capacitor C4 falls to be equal to or lower than the maximum open circuit voltage.
  • the integrated Li-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2's residual power release pin DECO output is converted to a high-impedance state.
  • Charging process control method After the charging power source is connected to the universal charging battery, the positive pole of the charging power source is connected with the positive electrode V+ of the universal charging battery, and the negative pole of the charging power source is connected with the negative electrode V- of the universal charging battery, due to the general-purpose rechargeable battery
  • the positive V+ is the V+ of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit
  • the negative V- of the universal rechargeable battery is the V- of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit, which is equivalent to the positive connection of the charging power supply to the integrated DC-DC buck type.
  • the charging power input pin PVin of the lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 and the negative electrode of the charging power source are connected to the power ground pin PGND of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1.
  • integrated DC-DC step-down lithium-ion battery charge control chip U1 is turned on to charge Li-ion battery LIB, integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion
  • the battery charging control chip U1 detects the output voltage V LIB of the lithium ion battery LIB through the charging output and the detection pin BAT, and is charged and outputted according to the V LIB state.
  • the foot BAT output charges the Li-ion battery LIB.
  • V LIB of the Li-ion battery LIB is equal to or less than the Li-ion battery LIB discharge cut-off voltage V D (V LIB ⁇ V D )
  • V D Li-ion battery LIB discharge cut-off voltage
  • the battery charging control chip U1 trickle charges the lithium ion battery LIB when the output voltage V LIB of the lithium ion battery LIB is greater than the discharge cutoff voltage V D of the lithium ion battery LIB but less than the charging upper limit voltage V H of the lithium ion battery LIB (V When D ⁇ V LIB ⁇ V H ), the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium-ion battery charging control chip U1 uses I CHG to charge the lithium ion battery LIB with constant current, when the output voltage V LIB of the lithium ion battery LIB is equal to lithium ion.
  • the state determination current is I CHG /10.
  • Charging power supply output current adaptation control method integrated DC-DC step-down lithium-ion battery charging control chip U1 through the charging power input pin PVin, detecting the charging power supply's no-load state output voltage and pulse loading state output voltage voltage drop amplitude The value determines the maximum allowable output current of the charging power source.
  • the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium-ion battery charging control chip U1 uses the maximum current allowed by the charging power source as the current limiting value.
  • the lithium ion battery LIB is charged.
  • the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 monitors the output voltage of the lithium ion battery LIB through the lithium ion battery access pin VBAT LIB , when the output voltage V LIB of the lithium ion battery LIB is higher than the low battery voltage (V LIB >V L ), the discharge feedback control pin DFBC output of the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 is in a high impedance state.
  • the output voltage feedback of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator U3 is provided by the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9, and the voltage divider point P4 of the tenth resistor R10 series voltage dividing circuit, and the DC-DC is integrated in this state.
  • the discharge feedback control pin DFBC output of the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 is low, equal to Connect the node P3 of the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9 and the tenth resistor R10 series voltage dividing circuit to the signal ground pin AGND of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3, which is equal to the integrated DC-DC step-down type.
  • the output voltage feedback of the voltage regulator chip U3 is provided by the voltage dividing point P4 of the voltage dividing circuit composed of the eighth resistor R8 and the ninth resistor R9 in series, and the regulated output of the DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 is integrated in this state.
  • the integrated lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 detects the low-voltage voltage V L of the lithium-ion battery LIB as a multi-point sampling mean, and the sampling frequency is proportional to the output voltage change rate of the Li-ion battery LIB, and the detection thereof is detected.
  • the hysteresis voltage of the threshold is ⁇ V 1 , so after the voltage V LIB of the lithium ion battery LIB is raised to be equal to or higher than V L + ⁇ V 1 , the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 controls the integrated DC -DC buck regulator chip U3 restores 1.5V regulated output.
  • Over-discharge protection method In the discharge state of the universal rechargeable battery not connected to the charging power source, the integrated lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 monitors the output voltage V LIB of the lithium ion battery LIB through the lithium ion battery access pin VBAT, When the output voltage V LIB of the lithium ion battery LIB is higher than the discharge cutoff voltage (V LIB >V D ), the discharge control pin DEN output of the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 is in a high impedance state. The output enable pin of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 is pulled up to the high level by the seventh resistor R7, so that the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 turns on the regulated output.
  • the discharge control pin DEN output of the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 is low and The output enable pin of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator U3 connected to it is pulled down to a low level, so that the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 turns off the regulated output.
  • the integrated lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 detects the discharge cut-off voltage V D of the Li-ion battery LIB as a multi-point sampling mean, and the sampling frequency is proportional to the output voltage change rate of the Li-ion battery LIB, and the detection thereof is detected.
  • the hysteresis voltage of the threshold is ⁇ V 2 , so after the output voltage V LIB of the lithium ion battery LIB is raised to be equal to or higher than V D + ⁇ V 2 , the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 control integration
  • the DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 restores the regulated output.
  • Output overload or short-circuit control method Integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 has output overload or short-circuit protection circuit.
  • the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 When the general-purpose rechargeable battery output is overloaded or short-circuited, the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 is used.
  • the maximum output current I LIM is the current-limit regulated output.
  • the maximum output current I LIM of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 is configured to avoid the lithium ion battery LIB super when the general-purpose rechargeable battery output is overloaded or short-circuited. Rate discharge damage.
  • the voltage of the NTC voltage detection pin NTC of the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 is higher than 0.5V LIB , and the integrated lithium ion battery charge
  • the charge detection pin CEC of the discharge detection and control chip U2 outputs a low level and pulls down the charge enable pin EN of the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charge control chip U1 connected thereto. In this state, the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 is turned on to charge the lithium ion battery LIB.
  • the voltage of the NTC voltage detecting pin NTC of the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detecting and controlling chip U2 is equal to or lower than 0.5V LIB
  • integrated lithium Ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 charge control pin CEC output is high impedance state, in this state integrated DC-DC buck lithium-ion battery charge control chip U1 charge enable pin EN is the third resistor R3
  • the pull-up is high, so that the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium-ion battery charging control chip U1 is turned off to charge the lithium ion battery LIB.
  • the lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2's NTC voltage detection threshold has a hysteresis voltage of ⁇ V T , so the operating temperature of the Li-ion battery LIB is reduced to the NTC of the integrated lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2.
  • the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 controls the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charge control chip U1 to recover to lithium ion The battery LIB is charged.
  • the voltage of the NTC voltage detection pin NTC of the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 is higher than 0.5V LIB , and the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection And the discharge control pin DEN output of the control chip U2 is in a high impedance state, so that the output enable pin EN of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 connected thereto is pulled up to the high level by the seventh resistor R7. In this state, the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 turns on the regulated output.
  • the voltage of the NTC voltage detection pin NTC of the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 is equal to or lower than 0.5V LIB
  • integrated lithium Ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 discharge control pin DEN output is low level
  • the output enable pin of the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 connected thereto is pulled down to low level In this state, the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 turns off the regulated output.
  • the hysteresis voltage of the NTC voltage detection threshold of the integrated lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 is ⁇ V T , so the operating temperature of the Li-ion battery LIB is reduced to the NTC voltage of the integrated lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2.
  • the integrated lithium-ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 controls the integrated DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 to restore the regulated output.
  • the R20 rechargeable battery 100 includes an outer package housing 102 , and a charge and discharge controller 150 and a lithium ion battery 110 ( 120 , 130 ) and a negative end cover 103 encapsulated in the outer package housing 102 .
  • the protruding structure of the positive electrode end cover 101 of the outer package housing 102 is exposed as the positive electrode of the R20 rechargeable battery 100,
  • the light guide flange structure of the charge and discharge controller holder 152 made of the light guide type insulating material serves as a charging operation state of the R20 rechargeable battery 100; at the negative end of the R20 rechargeable battery 100, the negative of the outer package case 102 is exposed.
  • the protruding structure of the extreme cover 103 serves as a negative electrode of the R20 rechargeable battery 100.
  • the R20 rechargeable battery 100 under the structural technical specifications of the R20 battery structure and the structural technical condition of the charge and discharge controller 150, adopts a housing negative electrode package unit lithium ion battery 110, a plurality of outer casing positive package monomer lithium ion battery 120 in parallel, and more A soft package encapsulating a single lithium ion battery 130 in parallel constitutes a structural method, as follows:
  • the R20 rechargeable battery 100 is constructed by using a negative-case package single-cell lithium-ion battery 110:
  • the outer casing of the negative electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery 110 and the bottom end of the lithium ion battery 110 are the negative electrode 112 of the lithium ion battery 110, and the other end of the cover is the positive electrode 111 of the lithium ion battery 110;
  • the single-cell lithium ion battery 110 is a lithium ion battery in which an outer casing of a steel outer casing or other outer casing of a conductive material is a negative electrode.
  • the lithium ion battery 110 of the outer casing of the outer casing is packaged with a 3300 mAh lithium manganese oxide battery by using a R33520 steel shell.
  • the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 used in the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit of the embodiment adopts MGS2520A
  • the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 adopts MGS1700A, and is integrated.
  • the DC-DC buck regulator U3 uses MGS3050; the main control parameters include: charging input voltage 4V ⁇ 6V, charging upper limit voltage (V H ) 4.2V, maximum charging output current 2A (I CHG ), full state determination current I CHG /10, discharge low battery voltage 3.4V (V L ), discharge cutoff voltage 3.0V (V D ), maximum regulated output current 5A.
  • the main control parameters of the general-purpose rechargeable battery of the present embodiment which can be realized on the basis of the present invention include: the charging input voltage is 5V ⁇ 0.7V, and the maximum charging current (I CHG ) is designed to be 1.0A (the maximum charging magnification of the lithium ion battery LIB is about 0.3).
  • Lithium-ion battery LIB charging upper limit temperature T CH is designed to be 45 ° C
  • lithium-ion battery LIB discharge upper limit temperature T DH is designed to be 50 ° C
  • regulated output voltage 1.5V low-voltage regulated output voltage 1.1V
  • the output current is 5A (the maximum discharge rate of the lithium ion battery LIB is about 0.7C)
  • the storage capacity is about 7700mAh.
  • the lithium ion battery LIB is a negative electrode package unit lithium ion battery 110
  • the positive electrode 111 of the outer case negative package lithium ion battery 110 is a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery LIB
  • the negative electrode 112 of the negative electrode package unit lithium ion battery 110 is the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery LIB.
  • the assembly step of forming the R20 rechargeable battery 100 by using the negative-case package single-cell lithium-ion battery 110 can be directly assembled according to the above assembly steps, and the heat dissipation principle after assembly is the same as the above-mentioned heat dissipation principle, and details are not described herein again.
  • the circuit connection relationship of the R20 rechargeable battery 100 composed of the single-capacitor negative-package single-cell lithium-ion battery 110 is assembled: soldered to the positive electrode end of V+ in FIG. 45 .
  • the cover 101 serves as a positive electrode for the discharge output and the charge input of the R20 rechargeable battery 100; the positive electrode 111 of the negative electrode package unit lithium ion battery 110 is soldered to the positive electrode tab 161 soldered to the node Jb+ in FIG. 45, and the circuit connection meaning is equal to the case negative package
  • the positive electrode 111 of the single-cell lithium ion battery 110 is connected to the node Jb+ in FIG.
  • the negative electrode end cover 103 of 112 is pressed to establish a circuit connection, and the circuit connection is equal to the negative electrode 112 of the single lithium ion battery 110 through the negative electrode end cover 103, the rechargeable battery outer package housing 102, and the charge and discharge controller housing 151.
  • the negative electrode end cap 103 becomes the negative electrode of the discharge output and the charge input of the R20 rechargeable battery 100.
  • R20 rechargeable battery 100 consisting of several shells and a single-cell lithium-ion battery 120 connected in parallel:
  • the circular outer casing and the bottom end of the single-element lithium-ion battery 120 of the outer casing of the outer casing are the positive electrode 121 of the single-cell lithium ion battery 120 , and the convex cover at the other end is the negative electrode 122 of the single-cell lithium ion battery 120 .
  • the outer surface of the circular outer casing is thermoplastically coated with an insulating covering sheath 123.
  • the insulating covering sheath 123 covers the outer casing and exposes the bottom portion of the outer casing portion as the positive electrode of the single lithium ion battery 120 only at the bottom end.
  • the outer casing of the outer casing of the lithium ion battery 120 is a lithium ion battery with a positive outer casing of an outer casing or other electrically conductive outer casing.
  • the outer-case package single-cell lithium-ion battery 120 is packaged with a R11510 aluminum-clad 700 mAh high-energy lithium cobalt oxide battery.
  • the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 used in the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit of the embodiment adopts the MGS2520C
  • the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 adopts the MGS1700A, and is integrated.
  • the DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 uses MGS3050; the main control parameters include: charging input voltage 4V ⁇ 6V, charging upper limit voltage (V H ) 4.35V, maximum charging output current 2A (I CHG ), full state determination current I CHG /10, discharge low battery voltage 3.4V (V L ), discharge cutoff voltage (V D ) 3.0V, maximum regulated output current 5A.
  • the main control parameters of the general-purpose rechargeable battery of the present embodiment which can be realized on the basis of the present invention include: the charging input voltage is 5V ⁇ 0.7V, and the maximum charging current (I CHG ) is designed to be 1.5A (the maximum charging magnification of the lithium ion battery LIB is about 0.3).
  • Lithium-ion battery LIB charging upper limit temperature T CH is designed to 45 ° C
  • lithium-ion battery LIB discharge upper limit temperature T DH is designed to 55 ° C
  • regulated output voltage 1.5V low-voltage regulated output voltage 1.1V
  • the output current is 5A (the maximum discharge rate of the lithium ion battery LIB is about 0.5C)
  • the storage capacity is about 12000 mAh.
  • the lithium ion battery The LIB consists of 7 shell positive-packaged single-cell lithium-ion batteries 120 connected in parallel, and the total charge capacity after parallel connection is 4900 mAh.
  • the anode of the lithium ion battery LIB is the cathode current collecting tab 126 of the lithium ion battery parallel assembly 125
  • the cathode of the lithium ion battery LIB is the cathode current collecting tab 127 of the lithium ion battery parallel assembly 125.
  • the assembly process of the lithium-ion battery parallel assembly 125 and the lithium-ion battery parallel assembly 125 to form the R20 rechargeable battery 100 by using 7 shell positive-package single-cell lithium-ion batteries 120 in parallel, can be assembled and assembled according to the above assembly steps.
  • the principle of heat dissipation is the same as that of the above heat dissipation, and will not be described here.
  • the circuit connection relationship of the R20 rechargeable battery 100 constructed by using the positive electrode package single-cell lithium-ion battery 120 in parallel is assembled: soldering the positive electrode end of V+ in FIG.
  • the cover 101 serves as a positive electrode for discharging output and charging input of the R20 rechargeable battery 100; the positive current collecting tab 126 of the lithium ion battery parallel welded body 125 is soldered to the positive electrode tab 161 soldered to the node Jb+ in FIG. 45, and the circuit connection meaning is equal to
  • the positive electrodes 121 of all the single-cell lithium-ion batteries 120 are connected in parallel to the node Jb+ in FIG.
  • the charge-discharge controller housing 151 soldered in FIG. 45 is connected in parallel with the lithium-ion battery.
  • the negative electrode end cover 103 on the negative electrode current collecting pad 127 of the solder body 125 is pressed to establish a circuit connection, and the circuit connection meaning is equal to the negative electrode 122 of all the single lithium ion batteries 120 connected in parallel through the negative current collecting tab 127 and the negative electrode end cover 103.
  • the rechargeable battery outer package case 102 and the charge and discharge controller case 151 are connected to V- in FIG. 45, so that the negative electrode end cover 103 becomes the negative electrode of the discharge output and the charge input of the R20 rechargeable battery 100.
  • the R20 rechargeable battery 100 consisting of a plurality of soft packs and a single lithium ion battery 130 connected in parallel:
  • the flexible packaged single-cell lithium-ion battery 130 has a positive electrode 131 at one end and a negative electrode 132 at the other end.
  • the soft-packaged single-cell lithium-ion battery 130 is a soft package made of an aluminum-plastic composite film 133 or other materials.
  • the packaged single-cell lithium-ion battery in the embodiment, prior to the consideration of improving the safety performance and cycle life of the universal-type rechargeable battery, the soft-package-packaged single-cell lithium-ion battery 130 is packaged with a R11500 soft package 320 mAh lithium iron phosphate battery.
  • the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 of the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit of the embodiment adopts MGS2520B
  • the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 adopts MGS1700B, and is integrated.
  • the DC-DC buck regulator U3 uses MGS3035; the main control parameters include: charging input voltage 4V ⁇ 6V, charging upper limit voltage 3.65V (V H ), maximum charging output current 2A (I CHG ), full state determination current I CHG /10, discharge low battery voltage 3.0V (V L ), discharge cutoff voltage 2.55V (V D ), maximum regulated output current 3.5A.
  • the main control parameters of the general-purpose rechargeable battery of this embodiment that can be realized on this basis include: the charging input voltage is 5V ⁇ 0.7V, and the maximum charging current (I CHG ) is designed to be 0.7A (the maximum charging magnification of the lithium ion battery LIB is about 0.3).
  • Lithium-ion battery LIB charging upper limit temperature T CH is designed to be 50 ° C
  • lithium-ion battery LIB discharge upper limit temperature T DH is designed to be 60 ° C
  • regulated output voltage 1.5V low-voltage regulated output voltage 1.1V
  • the output current is 3.5A (the maximum discharge rate of the Li-ion battery LIB is about 0.7C)
  • the storage capacity is about 4500mAh.
  • the lithium ion battery LIB is composed of seven soft packaged single lithium ion batteries 130 connected in parallel, and the total charged capacity after parallel connection is 2240 mAh. .
  • the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery LIB is the positive electrode current collecting plate 136 of the lithium ion battery parallel welding body 135, and the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery LIB is the negative electrode current collecting plate 137 of the lithium ion battery parallel welding body 135.
  • the assembly steps of the R20 rechargeable battery 100 using the seven soft-packaged single-cell lithium-ion batteries 130 in parallel to form the lithium-ion battery parallel assembly 135 and the lithium-ion battery parallel-welded body 135 include: Step 1.
  • the positive current collecting plate 136 The insulating surface faces the insulating positioning bracket 138 and is inserted into the guiding slot of the insulating positioning bracket 138 of the single-cell lithium ion battery 130, so that the positive electrode tab 131 is provided by the positive current collecting plate 136.
  • the positive electrode tabs 131 of each of the single-cell lithium-ion batteries 130 are bent to be placed on the positive current collecting plate; in step 2, the single-cell lithium-ion battery 130 is respectively used by the spot welding machine.
  • the positive electrode tab 131 is welded to the positive electrode current collecting plate 136, so that the positive electrode current collecting plate 136 becomes a parallel positive electrode of the lithium ion battery parallel assembly 135; in step 3, the insulating surface of the negative electrode current collecting plate 137 is directed toward the insulating positioning bracket 139.
  • the negative electrode tabs 132 of the respective single-cell lithium-ion batteries are respectively inserted along the guiding slots of the insulating positioning bracket 139, so that the negative electrode tabs 132 are pierced by the corresponding tab holes of the negative current collecting plate 137, and the respective monomers are Negative lithium battery 130
  • the pole tab 132 is bent to abut against the negative current collecting plate 137; in step 4, the negative electrode tab 132 of each single-cell lithium ion battery 130 and the negative electrode current collecting plate 137 are respectively welded by a spot welding machine to make the negative electrode set
  • the flow plate 137 becomes a parallel negative electrode of the lithium ion battery parallel assembly 135; in step 5, the negative electrode end cover 103 is welded to the negative current collecting plate 137 of the lithium ion battery parallel assembly 135 by using a spot welder;
  • the welding machine welds the positive electrode tab 161 of the charge and discharge controller 150 to the positive electrode current collector 136 of the lithium ion battery parallel assembly 135; step 7,
  • the outer package housing 102 of the R20 rechargeable battery 100 is externally coated or coated with insulating and decorative materials to form a finished R20 rechargeable battery 100.
  • the heat dissipation principle of the assembled R20 rechargeable battery 100 is the same as the heat dissipation principle described above, and will not be described herein.
  • the positive electrode current collecting plate 136 and the negative electrode current collecting plate 137 are composited by a metal plate having high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity and a high thermal conductivity insulating plate, and have strong strain resistance.
  • the other side of the metal conductor is an insulator.
  • the circuit connection relationship of the R20 rechargeable battery 100 constructed by using seven soft-packaged single-cell lithium-ion batteries 130 in parallel is as follows: welding the positive voltage of V+ in FIG.
  • the extreme cover 101 serves as a positive electrode for the discharge output and charge input of the R20 rechargeable battery 100; the positive electrode current collector plate 136 of the lithium ion battery parallel soldering body 135 is soldered to the positive electrode solder tab 161 soldered to the node Jb+ in FIG. 45, and the circuit connection meaning is equal to
  • the positive electrodes 131 of all the single-cell lithium-ion batteries 130 are connected in parallel to the node Jb+ in FIG.
  • the charge-discharge controller housing 151 soldered in FIG. 45 is connected in parallel with the lithium-ion battery.
  • the negative electrode end cap 103 on the negative current collecting plate 137 of the soldering body 135 is pressed to establish a circuit connection.
  • the circuit connection is equal to the negative electrode 132 of all the single-cell lithium ion batteries 130 connected in parallel through the negative current collecting plate 137 and the negative electrode end cover 103.
  • the rechargeable battery outer package case 102 and the charge and discharge controller case 151 are connected to V- in FIG. 45, so that the negative electrode end cover 103 becomes the negative electrode of the discharge output and the charge input of the R20 rechargeable battery 100.
  • the R14 rechargeable battery 200 includes an outer package housing 202, a charge and discharge controller 250 housed in the outer package housing 202, and a lithium ion battery 210 (220) and a negative end cap 203.
  • the protruding structure of the positive electrode end cover 201 of the outer package housing 202 is exposed as the positive electrode of the R14 rechargeable battery 200, and the charge and discharge controller holder 252 is made of a light guiding type insulating material.
  • the light flange structure serves as a charging operation state of the R14 rechargeable battery 200; at the negative end of the R14 rechargeable battery 200, the protruding structure of the negative end cap 203 of the outer package housing 202 is exposed as the negative electrode of the R14 rechargeable battery 200 .
  • the R14 rechargeable battery 200 in the structural technical specification of the R14 rechargeable battery structure and the structural technical condition of the charge and discharge controller 250, adopts a positive electrode package of a single-cell lithium-ion battery 220, and a plurality of outer-case negative-package single-cell lithium-ion battery 210 in parallel.
  • the structure method consists of the following:
  • the R14 rechargeable battery 200 is constructed by using a positive electrode package of a single-cell lithium-ion battery 220:
  • the circular outer casing and the bottom end of the positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery 220 are the positive electrode 221 of the lithium ion battery 220, and the other end of the cover is the negative electrode 222 of the lithium ion battery 220, in the lithium ion.
  • the circular outer casing of the battery 220 is thermoplastically coated with a plastic insulating film 223.
  • the plastic insulating film 223 covers the casing and exposes only the bottom of the outer casing portion at the bottom end as a positive electrode of the lithium ion battery 221;
  • the ion battery 220 is a lithium ion battery with a positive outer casing encased by an aluminum outer casing or other conductive outer casing.
  • the outer casing package of the outer casing is preferentially improved under the condition of improving the storage capacity of the universal rechargeable battery.
  • the body lithium ion battery 220 is packaged with a 2600 mAh nickel cobalt manganese manganate battery in a R25410 aluminum case.
  • the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 used in the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit of the embodiment adopts MGS2520A
  • the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 adopts MGS1700A, and is integrated.
  • the DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 uses MGS3035; the main control parameters include: charging input voltage 4V ⁇ 6V, charging upper limit voltage 4.2V (V H ), maximum charging output current 2A (I CHG ), full state determination current I CHG /10, discharge low battery voltage 3.4V (V L ), discharge cutoff voltage 3.0V (V D ), maximum regulated output current 3.5A.
  • the main control parameters of the general-purpose rechargeable battery of the present embodiment which can be realized on the basis of the present invention include: the charging input voltage is 5V ⁇ 0.7V, and the maximum charging current (I CHG ) is designed to be 0.8A (the maximum charging magnification of the lithium ion battery LIB is about 0.3).
  • Lithium-ion battery LIB charging upper limit temperature T CH is designed to 45 ° C
  • lithium-ion battery LIB discharge upper limit temperature T DH is designed to 55 ° C
  • regulated output voltage 1.5V low-voltage regulated output voltage 1.1V
  • the output current is 3.5A (the maximum discharge rate of the Li-ion battery LIB is about 0.7C)
  • the storage capacity is about 5900mAh.
  • the lithium ion battery LIB is a positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery 220
  • the positive electrode 221 of the positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery 220 is a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery LIB
  • the negative electrode 222 of the positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery 220 is the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery LIB.
  • the assembling step of assembling the R14 rechargeable battery 200 by using the positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery 220 can be directly assembled according to the above assembly steps, and the heat dissipation principle after assembly is the same as the above heat dissipation principle, and details are not described herein again.
  • the circuit connection relationship of the R14 rechargeable battery 200 assembled by using the positive electrode package single-cell lithium ion battery 220 includes: welding the positive electrode end cover of V+ in FIG. 201 is used as the positive electrode of the discharge output and the charging input of the R14 rechargeable battery 200; the positive electrode 221 of the single-cell lithium-ion battery 220 is soldered to the positive electrode tab 261 soldered to the node Jb+ in FIG. 45, and the circuit connection meaning is equal to that of the single-cell lithium-ion battery 220.
  • the positive electrode 221 is connected to the node Jb+ in FIG. 45; through the outer package housing 202, the charge and discharge controller case 251 soldered in FIG.
  • the negative electrode end cover is connected to the V- in FIG. 45 through the negative electrode end cover 203, the outer package housing 202, and the charge and discharge controller housing 251. 203 becomes the negative electrode of the discharge output and the charge input of the R14 rechargeable battery 200.
  • the circular outer casing and the bottom end of the single-capacitor lithium-ion battery 210 of the outer casing are the negative electrode 212 of the single-cell lithium ion battery 210, and the other end of the cover is the positive electrode 211 of the single-cell lithium-ion battery 210.
  • the outer casing of the outer casing of the lithium ion battery 210 is a steel outer casing
  • the outer casing of the other conductive material outer casing is a lithium ion battery with a negative electrode.
  • the lithium ion battery 210 of the negative electrode package of the outer casing is packaged in a R10410 steel shell under the condition of improving the storage capacity of the universal rechargeable battery. 500mAh ordinary lithium cobalt oxide battery.
  • the integrated DC-DC step-down lithium ion battery charging control chip U1 used in the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit of the embodiment adopts MGS2520A
  • the integrated lithium ion battery charge and discharge detection and control chip U2 adopts MGS1700A, and is integrated.
  • the DC-DC buck regulator chip U3 uses MGS3035; the main control parameters include: charging input voltage 4V ⁇ 6V, charging upper limit voltage 4.2V (V H ), maximum charging output current 2A (I CHG ), full state determination current I CHG /10, discharge low battery voltage 3.4V (V L ), discharge cutoff voltage 3.0V (V D ), maximum regulated output current 3.5A.
  • the main control parameters of the general-purpose rechargeable battery of the present embodiment which can be realized on the basis of the present invention include: the charging input voltage is 5V ⁇ 0.7V, and the maximum charging current (I CHG ) is designed to be 0.6A (the maximum charging magnification of the lithium ion battery LIB is about 0.3).
  • Lithium-ion battery LIB charging upper limit temperature T CH is designed to 45 ° C
  • lithium-ion battery LIB discharge upper limit temperature T DH is designed to 55 ° C
  • regulated output voltage 1.5V low-voltage regulated output voltage 1.1V
  • the output current is 3.5A (the maximum discharge rate of the Li-ion battery LIB is about 0.9C)
  • the storage capacity is about 4600mAh.
  • the lithium ion battery LIB is composed of four outer casing negative package lithium ion batteries 210 connected in parallel, and the total charge capacity after parallel connection is 2000 mAh.
  • the anode of the lithium ion battery LIB is the cathode current collecting plate 216 of the lithium ion battery parallel assembly 215, and the cathode of the lithium ion battery LIB is the cathode current collecting plate 217 of the lithium ion battery parallel assembly 215.
  • the assembly process of the R14 rechargeable battery 200 using the four-shell negative-package single-cell lithium-ion battery 210 in parallel to form the lithium-ion battery assembly 215 and the lithium-ion battery parallel assembly 215 can be directly assembled according to the above assembly steps, and after assembly.
  • the heat dissipation principle is the same as the above heat dissipation principle, and will not be described here.
  • the four-shell negative-cell single-cell lithium-ion battery 210 is connected in parallel with the solder body 215.
  • the cover 201 serves as a positive electrode for the discharge output and the charging input of the R14 rechargeable battery 200; the positive current collecting tab 216 of the lithium ion battery parallel welded body 215 is soldered to the positive electrode tab 261 soldered to the node Jb+ in FIG. 45, and the circuit connection meaning is equal to
  • the anodes 211 of all the single-cell lithium-ion batteries 210 are connected in parallel to the node Jb+ in FIG.
  • the charge-discharge controller housing 251 soldered in FIG. 45 is connected in parallel with the lithium-ion battery.
  • the negative electrode end cap 203 on the negative current collecting tab 217 of the soldering body 215 is pressed to establish a circuit connection.
  • the circuit connection is equal to the negative electrode 212 of all the single lithium ion batteries 210 connected in parallel through the negative current collecting tab 217 and the negative electrode end cap.
  • the outer package housing 202 and the charge and discharge controller housing 251 are connected to V- in FIG. 45, so that the negative electrode end cover 203 becomes the discharge output of the R14 rechargeable battery 200. And the negative electrode of the charging input.
  • the present invention uses a universal rechargeable battery composed of a lithium ion battery, and uses a computer USB interface or a universal lithium ion battery charging adapter as a charging power source to charge the universal rechargeable battery.
  • the charging device circuit of the single-cell rechargeable battery is the simplest structure with two electrodes and two wires, one of which connects the positive pole of the charging power source to the positive electrode of the universal rechargeable battery, and the other connects the negative pole of the charging power source. Connect to the negative electrode of the universal rechargeable battery.
  • the charging circuit of the R14 rechargeable battery has the same wiring principle as the R20 rechargeable battery; the universal rechargeable battery can be directly connected in parallel (including different models), but the maximum output current of the charging power source is smaller than the maximum charging current of all the rechargeable batteries after the parallel connection. At the time of the sum, the required charging time is longer.
  • FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of a lithium ion battery output voltage curve and a general-purpose rechargeable battery output voltage curve in a general-purpose rechargeable battery discharge process using a lithium ion battery.
  • LC is the output voltage curve of the lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) battery used in the general-purpose rechargeable battery
  • LF is the output voltage of the lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) battery used in the general-purpose rechargeable battery.
  • Curve, LE is the output voltage curve of the general-purpose rechargeable battery discharge process; the correspondence between the output voltage of the lithium-ion battery and the output voltage of the general-purpose rechargeable battery after the general-purpose rechargeable battery is fully charged is: the output voltage of the lithium-ion battery is V LIB >V L interval, the general-purpose rechargeable battery output voltage is 1.5V; in the lithium-ion battery output voltage is V L ⁇ V LIB >V D range, the general-purpose rechargeable battery output voltage is 1.1V; when the lithium-ion battery output voltage V LIB When ⁇ V D , the universal rechargeable battery turns off the output.
  • the lithium ion battery discharge curve described in the figure is a schematic curve under the condition of an ambient temperature of about 25 ° C and a lithium ion battery discharge rate of about 0.4 C. Under different ambient temperature and discharge rate conditions, the lithium ion battery output voltage V The functional relationship with time t will be different from the one shown in Figure 46.
  • the lithium ion battery composed of different positive electrode system, negative electrode system, electrolyte solution and battery structure, the discharge curve, the terminal voltage V H at the completion of charging, the discharge cutoff voltage V D and the like are different from those indicated in Fig. 46.
  • the universal rechargeable battery comprising the lithium ion battery of the invention has a regulated output of 1.5V and a regulated output of 1.1V when the lithium ion battery is low, and can be used with a computer USB interface or a universal lithium ion battery charging adapter. It is charged, its structure and discharge performance meet the technical specifications of GB/T 8897.2-2013 and IEC 60086-2, which can directly replace the existing general-purpose primary battery and nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery, with high performance and charging control.
  • the lithium ion battery is assembled in the same outer package by pressing and the two are connected through the positive electrode pads to prevent contact ablation during high current charging and discharging, and the charging controller and the lithium ion battery are improved.
  • the reliability of the pole connection, the structure of the charge and discharge controller and the assembly process are simple, which is conducive to automated mass production assembly.
  • the controller housing is used as the electrode structure of the lithium ion battery negative electrode to connect to the lithium ion battery charge and discharge control circuit, which saves a large
  • the internal space of the charge and discharge controller eliminates the moving parts that hinder the sealing of the charge and discharge controller, and can realize the waterproof sealing of the charge and discharge controller, prevent the circuit from being damaged after moisture and water immersion, and is beneficial to improving the storage capacity of the universal rechargeable battery. The production cost is reduced.
  • the charging and discharging controller is equipped with a lithium ion battery charging control circuit, a lithium ion battery detecting circuit and a DC-DC buck type voltage stabilizing discharge circuit, thereby realizing the control and protection of the charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery.
  • the cycle life and safety of the lithium ion battery are improved; the control method of the universal rechargeable battery using the lithium ion battery according to the present invention is charged by setting the lithium ion battery according to the charging and discharging working technical conditions required for the lithium ion battery.
  • Control circuit, lithium ion battery detection circuit and DC-DC buck regulator discharge circuit Control and protect the charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery, and realize the control and protection of the charging mode, charging rate, overcharging, overdischarging, discharging rate and charging and discharging overheating of the charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery.
  • the adapter charges the universal rechargeable battery, realizes the general-purpose rechargeable battery structure and discharge performance in accordance with GB/T 8897.2-2013 and IEC 60086-2 technical specifications, and can directly replace the existing general-purpose primary battery and nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery, and It is superior to the existing general-purpose primary battery in terms of reversible charge and discharge, constant output voltage and environmental protection, with a nominal output voltage of 1.5V, constant output voltage during discharge, short charging time, no memory effect and cycle life.
  • the long-term aspect is superior to the existing nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery, and comprehensively improves the performance of the universal rechargeable battery.

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Abstract

一种采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池及控制方法，该采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池包括：外封装壳体，以及该外封装壳体内依次压合组装的充放电控制器、正极焊接片、锂离子电池、及负极端盖；所述充放电控制器包括：充放电控制器壳体，以及设于充放电控制器壳体内的充放电控制电路焊装体、充放电控制器支架，所述充放电控制电路焊装体焊装有锂离子电池充放电控制电路，该锂离子电池充放电控制电路包括：焊装在电路基板上且分别与锂离子电池、正极端盖、及通过充放电控制器壳体和外封装壳体与负极端盖电性连接的锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路、及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路。

Description

采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池及控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及二次电池或电子电源技术领域，尤其涉及一种采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池及控制方法。
背景技术
锂离子二次电池(以下简称为锂离子电池)具有比能量大、可快速充放电、循环寿命长、自放电小、无公害、无记忆效应等优点，是目前替代通用型一次电池和镍氢充电电池较理想的二次电池。但现有的锂离子电池的输出电压较高，其输出电压随采用正极体系不同而有所差异，目前已商品化的锂离子电池，其标称电压为3.2V～3.8V，且随着锂离子电池技术的发展，锂离子电池的标称电压还会提高，显然锂离子电池不能直接用来替代标称电压为1.5V的通用型电池和标称电压为1.2V的镍氢充电电池。
锂离子电池虽然具有较好的充放电性能，但存在着过充电和过放电耐受性能差、充电过热及放电过热耐受性能差等问题，若控制失当轻则造成锂离子电池快速老化和损坏，重则会产生燃烧甚至***，因而必须严格按照锂离子电池的充放电技术条件控制其充放电工作。
目前已成熟的锂离子电池结构封装工艺主要有四种类型：其一，采取负极集流体与外壳体连接构成的外壳负极封装锂离子电池(通常采用钢质外壳封装)；其二，采取正极集流体与外壳体连接构成的外壳正极封装锂离子电池(通常采用铝质外壳封装)；其三，采用软包封装的外壳准绝缘封装锂离子电池(通常采用铝塑复合膜材料封装)；其四，外壳体采用绝缘封装材料构成的外壳绝缘封装锂离子电池(通常采用聚丙烯及聚乙烯外壳封装)。
由于通用型一次电池和镍氢充电电池的应用历史较长且已标准化，在许多通用电池应用领域，已形成了以电池输出电压检测其低电量的方法，例如：数码相机、MP3、MP4、电子智能锁具、电子仪器仪表等电子装置，均采用检测电池实时输出电压的方法来实现对电池低电量状态的判定。
另，目前个人计算机、平板电脑和手机等产品的普及程度已很高，充电电池采用计算机USB接口、通用型锂离子电池充电适配器作为充电电源，既可降低购置成本又可节约社会资源。
针对上述问题，中国专利局公开了一篇专利申请号为201110219892.0(采用锂离子电池构成的充电电池及控制方法)的专利申请，该申请采取将锂离子电池与放电控制电路封装为一体，构成的通用型充电电池。其存在下列几方面的功能及性能不足问题：
第一、充电电池内部不具有锂离子电池充电控制及充电过热保护
由于充电电池内部未设置锂离子电池充电控制及过热保护电路，因而在充电时必需采取接入二极管来隔离充电及放电电路，并采用带有锂离子电池充电控制电路和温度传感电路的专用外置充电装置进行充电。因而存在下列技术性能缺陷，其一：充电时二极管的正向导通压降会随工作电流和温度的不同而变化，降低了充电控制电路对锂离子电池的检测和充电控制精度，在二极管正向导通压降较高时会产生锂离子电池不能充满的问题，在二极管正向导通压降较低时易产生锂离子电池过充电问题，降低了锂离子电池的充电性能和安全性；其二：由于充电回路接入了隔离二极管，因而抬升了充电电池的充电输入电压，由于现有钴锂体系锂离子电池的充电上限电压已达4.35V且未来还会提高，若采用标称电压为5V±0.25V的现有通用型锂离子电池充电适配器或计算机USB接口给充电电池充电，即使采用正向导通压降较低的肖特基器件，在充电输入电压下限和隔离二极管导通压降上限状态下，仍存在锂离子电池不能完全充满的问题，虽然可以在外置充电装置内采用升压电路解决此问题，但会造成充电装置成本上升、效率及可靠性降低等问题；其三：外置温度传感电路只能通过充电电池的外封装壳体或电极间接检测锂离子电池的温度，降低了锂离子电池充电温度检测精度，使充电电池存在锂离子电池充电过热而降低循环寿命和安全性的问题。
第二、充电电池不具有锂离子电池放电过热保护
在充电电池内部未装置锂离子电池温度传感及控制电路，使得充电电池不具有锂离子电池放电过程的过热保护功能，从而使充电电池在高温环境下高倍率放电时，存在锂离子电池温度超过上限工作温度的风险，因而存在降低锂离子电池循环寿命和安全性的问题。
第三、充放电控制器结构及装配工艺复杂
充放电控制器的负电极与充电电池封装壳体间的电路连接，采用了径向弹性压紧连接结构设计，在充电电池装配时，必须将弹性负电极径向下压到位后，才能将充放电控制器推入充电电池的封装壳体内。此外，弹性负电极为活动部件，其结构占用了较大的充放电控制器内部空间，并使充放电控制器难以实现密封。造成充放电控制器体积较大、制装工艺复杂且 难度较高、不利于自动化量产装配、不能实现防水密封，因而存在充电电池的蓄电容量较低、生产成本较高、受潮及浸水后易产生电路失效的问题。
第四、充放电控制器与锂离子电池正极连接可靠性差
R20充电电池及R14充电电池配用的充放电控制器与锂离子电池正极连接采用了弹性压接方式连接，由于电极间的接触面受空间限制，在充电电池大电流充放电时，容易产生触点烧蚀现象。触点烧蚀氧化会造成充电电池***内阻上升、充放电时产生的热量使充电电池工作温度升高，严重时会产生断路使充电电池失效问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，其稳压输出1.5V和在锂离子电池低电量时稳压输出1.1V，可用计算机USB接口或通用型锂离子电池充电适配器给其充电，其形体结构和放电性能符合GB/T 8897.2-2013和IEC 60086-2技术规范，能够直接替代现有通用型一次电池和镍氢充电电池，且其充电控制器与锂离子电池通过压合组装在同一外封装壳体内并且两者通过正极焊接片相连接，防止在大电流充放电时产生触点烧蚀问题，提升了充电控制器与锂离子电池正极连接的可靠性；充放电控制器结构及装配工艺简单，有利于自动化量产装配，利用控制器壳体作为锂离子电池负极接入锂离子电池充放电控制电路的电极结构，节省了较大的充放电控制器内部空间，消除了阻碍充放电控制器密封的活动部件，可实现充放电控制器的防水密封，防止受潮及浸水后电路失效问题，有利于提高通用型充电电池的蓄电容量，降低生产成本；同时充放电控制器内装有锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路，具有高精度的温度检测功能，实现了锂离子电池的充电及放电过程的管控和保护，提高了锂离子电池的循环寿命和安全性。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池的控制方法，按照锂离子电池所需的充电及放电工作技术条件，通过设置锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路，对锂离子电池的充电及放电过程进行管控和保护，实现了对锂离子电池的过充电保护、过放电保护、充放电倍率保护及充放电过热保护，提高了锂离子电池的循环寿命和安全性，实现了通用型充电电池稳压输出1.5V和在锂离子电池低电量时稳压输出1.1V，实现了可用计算机 USB接口或通用型锂离子电池充电适配器给通用型充电电池充电，实现了通用型充电电池形体结构和放电性能符合GB/T 8897.2-2013和IEC 60086-2技术规范，使该采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池能够直接替代现有通用型一次电池和镍氢充电电池，全面提高通用型充电电池的性能。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，包括：外封装壳体，以及该外封装壳体内依次压合组装的充放电控制器、正极焊接片、锂离子电池、及负极端盖；所述充放电控制器包括：充放电控制器壳体，以及设于充放电控制器壳体内的充放电控制电路焊装体、充放电控制器支架，所述充放电控制电路焊装体焊装有锂离子电池充放电控制电路，所述锂离子电池的正极通过正极焊接片接入所述锂离子电池充放电控制电路，该锂离子电池充放电控制电路包括：焊装在电路基板上且分别与锂离子电池、正极端盖、及通过充放电控制器壳体和外封装壳体与负极端盖电性连接的锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路、及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路。
本发明还提供一种采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池的控制方法，采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池包括：外封装壳体，以及该外封装壳体内依次压合组装的充放电控制器、正极焊接片、锂离子电池、及负极端盖；所述充放电控制器包括：充放电控制器壳体，以及设于充放电控制器壳体内的充放电控制电路焊装体、充放电控制器支架，所述充放电控制电路焊装体焊装有锂离子电池充放电控制电路，该锂离子电池充放电控制电路包括：焊装在电路基板上且分别与锂离子电池、正极端盖、及通过充放电控制器壳体和外封装壳体与负极端盖电性连接的锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路、及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路；
所述通用型充电电池的充电和放电控制方法包括以下控制条件：
控制条件一，当充电电源接入通用型充电电池时，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测到接入的充电电压，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路和锂离子电池充电控制电路进入充电状态，在充电状态，DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出，锂离子电池充电控制电路开启对锂离子电池进行充电；
控制条件二，在充电状态，所述锂离子电池充电控制电路检测所述锂离子电池的输出电压，并根据所述锂离子电池的输出电压状态选择以涓流充电、恒流充电或恒压充电方式对锂离子电池进行充电，在充电过程中，所述锂离子电池充电控制电路检测充电电源的最大允许输出电流，在充电电源最大允许输出电流小于设定的充电电流值时，以充电电源的最大允许 输出电流对锂离子电池进行充电，当恒压充电状态的充电电流降为设定的充满态判定电流时，停止对锂离子电池的充电；
控制条件三，当充电电源脱离通用型充电电池时，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测到充电电源脱离，将充电过程中滤波电容存储的多余电能释放掉，使通用型充电电池的正负电极间电压快速降至等于或低于最大开路电压，并控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路和锂离子电池充电控制电路进入放电状态，在放电状态，锂离子电池充电控制电路关闭充电输出，DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路开启稳压放电，并按控制条件四稳压放电输出；
控制条件四，在放电状态，所述锂离子电池检测电路监测锂离子电池的输出电压，并控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路的输出反馈深度，在锂离子电池输出电压高于低电量电压VL时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路将锂离子电池输出电压降为第一输出电压稳压输出；在锂离子电池输出电压高于放电截止电压VD但等于或低于低电量电压VL时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路将锂离子电池输出电压降为第二输出电压稳压输出，并在锂离子电池充电后的输出电压高于VL+△V1时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路恢复第一输出电压稳压输出；VL为设定的锂离子电池低电量电压，△V1为设定的锂离子电池低电量电压检测门限的回差电压，VD为设定的锂离子电池放电截止电压；
控制条件五，在放电状态，所述锂离子电池检测电路监测锂离子电池的输出电压，在锂离子电池输出电压降至等于或低于放电截止电压VD时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出，并在锂离子电池充电后的输出电压高于VD+△V2时，按控制条件四恢复稳压输出；△V2为设定的锂离子电池放电截止电压检测门限的回差电压；
控制条件六，在对通用型充电电池充电过程中，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测锂离子电池的温度，在锂离子电池的温度上升至充电上限温度TCH时，控制所述锂离子电池充电控制电路停止对锂离子电池充电，并在锂离子电池的温度下降至低于TCH-△T1时再次恢复充电，TCH为设定的锂离子电池充电上限温度，△T1为设定的TCH检测门限的回差电压对应的回差温度；
控制条件七，在通用型充电电池放电过程中，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测锂离子电池的温度，在锂离子电池的温度上升至放电上限温度TDH时，控制所述DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路停止稳压输出，并在锂离子电池的温度下降至低于TDH-△T2时再次恢复稳压输出，TDH为设定的锂离子电池放电上限温度，△T2为设定的TDH检测门限的回差电压对应的回差温 度；
当控制条件一给出充电电源接入通用型充电电池，且控制条件六允许对锂离子电池充电时，按照控制条件二对锂离子电池进行充电，当控制条件六不允许对锂离子电池进行充电时，停止对锂离子电池充电；
当控制条件三给出通用型充电电池脱离充电电源，且控制条件五和控制条件七均允许锂离子电池放电输出时，按照控制条件四将锂离子电池输出电能降压并稳压输出，当控制条件五或控制条件七其中之一不允许锂离子电池放电输出时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，稳压输出1.5V和在锂离子电池低电量时稳压输出1.1V，可用计算机USB接口或通用型锂离子电池充电适配器给其充电，其形体结构和放电性能符合GB/T 8897.2-2013和IEC 60086-2技术规范，能够直接替代现有通用型一次电池和镍氢充电电池，具有较高的性能，且其充电控制器与锂离子电池通过压合组装在同一外封装壳体内并且两者通过正极焊接片相连接，防止在大电流充放电时产生触点烧蚀问题，提升了充电控制器与锂离子电池正极连接的可靠性，充放电控制器结构及装配工艺简单，有利于自动化量产装配，利用控制器壳体作为锂离子电池负极接入锂离子电池充放电控制电路的电极结构，节省了较大的充放电控制器内部空间，消除了阻碍充放电控制器密封的活动部件，可实现充放电控制器的防水密封，防止受潮及浸水后电路失效问题，有利于提高通用型充电电池的蓄电容量，降低生产成本，同时充放电控制器内装有锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路，具有高精度的温度检测功能，实现了锂离子电池的充电及放电过程的管控和保护，提高了锂离子电池的循环寿命和安全性；本发明的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池的控制方法，按照锂离子电池所需的充电及放电工作技术条件，通过设置锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路，对锂离子电池的充电及放电过程进行管控和保护，实现了对锂离子电池充电及放电过程的充电模式、充电倍率、过充电、过放电、放电倍率及充放电过热进行控制和保护，提高了锂离子电池的循环寿命和安全性，且实现了通用型充电电池稳压输出1.5V和在锂离子电池低电量时稳压输出1.1V，实现了可用计算机USB接口或通用型锂离子电池充电适配器给通用型充电电池充电，实现了通用型充电电池形体结构和放电性能符合GB/T 8897.2-2013和IEC 60086-2技术规范，能够直接替代现有通用型一次电池和镍氢充电电池，并在可循环充放电、放电过程输出电压恒定和 环保性等方面优于现有通用型一次电池，在标称输出电压为1.5V、放电过程输出电压恒定、充电时间短、无记忆效应和循环寿命长等方面优于现有镍氢充电电池，全面提高通用型充电电池的性能。
为了能更进一步了解本发明的特征以及技术内容，请参阅以下有关本发明的详细说明与附图，然而附图及实施例所标示的参数仅提供参考与说明用，并非用来对本发明加以限制。
附图说明
下面结合附图，通过对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述，将使本发明的技术方案及其它有益效果显而易见。
附图中，
图1为采用锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池装配后的充电电池正极一端的结构示意图；
图2为采用锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池装配后的充电电池负极一端的结构示意图；
图3为采用锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池配用的外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池的正极一端结构示意图；
图4为采用锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池配用的外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池的负极一端结构示意图；
图5为采用外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池装配后，外封装壳体沿轴线剖视的内部装配结构示意图；
图6为采用外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池装配后的***结构示意图；
图7为采用多个锂离子电池并联构成的R20充电电池配用的外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池的正极一端结构示意图；
图8为采用多个锂离子电池并联构成的R20充电电池配用的外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池的负极一端结构示意图；
图9为采用多个锂离子电池并联构成的R20充电电池配用的外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池并联装配体的负极一端结构示意图；
图10为采用多个锂离子电池并联构成的R20充电电池配用的外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池并联装配体的***结构示意图；
图11为采用多个外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池装配后，外封装壳体沿轴线剖视的内部装配结构示意图；
图12为采用多个外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池 装配后的***结构示意图；
图13为采用多个锂离子电池并联构成的R20充电电池配用的软包封装单体锂离子电池的正极一端结构示意图；
图14为采用多个锂离子电池并联构成的R20充电电池配用的软包封装单体锂离子电池并联装配体的正极一端结构示意图；
图15为采用多个锂离子电池并联构成的R20充电电池配用的软包封装单体锂离子电池并联装配体装配后的***结构示意图；
图16为采用多个软包封装单体锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池装配后，外封装壳体沿轴线剖视的内部装配结构示意图；
图17为采用多个软包封装单体锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池装配后的***结构示意图；
图18为R20充电电池配用充放电控制器的正电极端盖一端结构示意图；
图19为R20充电电池配用充放电控制器的锂离子电池正极接入一端的结构示意图；
图20为R20充电电池配用充放电控制器装配后，充放电控制器壳体、充放电控制器支架和正电极端盖沿轴线剖视的内部装配结构示意图；
图21为R20充电电池配用充放电控制器装配后的***结构示意图；
图22为R20充电电池配用充放电控制器中PCB焊装体正电极端盖一端的结构示意图；
图23为R20充电电池配用充放电控制器中PCB焊装体锂离子电池正极接入一端的结构示意图；
图24为R20充电电池配用充放电控制器中PCB焊装体***结构示意图；
图25为采用锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池装配后充电电池正极一端的结构示意图；
图26为采用锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池装配后充电电池负极一端的结构示意图；
图27为采用锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池配用的外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池的正极一端结构示意图；
图28为采用锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池配用的外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池的负极一端结构示意图；
图29为采用外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池装配后，外封装壳体沿轴线剖视的内部装配结构示意图；
图30为采用外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池装配后的***结构示意图；
图31为采用多个锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池配用的外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池的正极一端结构示意图；
图32为采用多个锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池配用的外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池的负极一端结构示意图；
图33为采用多个锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池配用的外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池并联装配体的正极一端结构示意图；
图34为采用多个锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池配用的外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池并联装配体的***结构示意图；
图35为采用多个外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池装配后，外封装壳体沿轴线剖视的内部装配结构示意图；
图36为采用多个外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池装配后的***结构示意图；
图37为R14充电电池配用充放电控制器的正电极端盖一端结构示意图；
图38为R14充电电池配用充放电控制器的锂离子电池正极接入一端的结构示意图；
图39为R14充电电池配用充放电控制器装配后，充放电控制器壳体、充放电控制器支架和正电极端盖沿轴线剖视的内部装配结构示意图；
图40为R14充电电池配用充放电控制器装配后的***结构示意图；
图41为R14充电电池配用充放电控制器中PCB焊装体正电极端盖一端的结构示意图；
图42为R14充电电池配用充放电控制器中PCB焊装体锂离子电池正极接入一端的结构示意图；
图43为R14充电电池配用充放电控制器中PCB焊装体***结构示意图；
图44为本发明R20充电电池的充电接线原理示意图；
图45为本发明充电电池中，采用集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片、集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片，构成充电电池的锂离子电池充放电控制电路的电原理示意图；
图46为充电电池采用钴酸锂(LiCoO2)电池及磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)电池的放电过程电压曲线和充电电池放电过程电压曲线对比示意图。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明所采取的技术手段及其效果，以下结合本发明的优选实施例及其附图进行详细描述。
本发明提供一种采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，包括：外封装壳体，以及该外封装壳体内依次压合组装的充放电控制器、正极焊接片、锂离子电池、及负极端盖；所述充放电控制器一端设有正极接触点外露于外封装壳体的正极端盖，所述正极接触点作为通用型充电电池的正电极，所述负极端盖一端设有一外露于外封装壳体的负极接触点，所述负极接触点作为通用型充电电池的负电极。
请参阅图18至24和图37至43及图45，所述充放电控制器150(250)包括：充放电控制器壳体151(251)，以及设于充放电控制器壳体151(251)内的充放电控制电路焊装体160(260)、充放电控制器支架152(252)，所述充放电控制电路焊装体160(260)焊装有锂离子电池充放电控制电路。所述充放电控制电路焊装体160(260)上的电路结构：采用在PCB电路基板171(271)的正面焊装锂离子电池充放电控制电路的元器件和正极端盖101(201)，在PCB电路基板171(271)的背面焊装正极焊接片161(261)，并将充放电控制器壳体151(251)与PCB电路基板171(271)焊接构成。所述充放电控制器150(250)上的结构：采用在充放电控制器壳体151(251)内装配充放电控制器支架152(252)、充放电控制电路焊装体160(260)，并将充放电控制器壳体151(251)滚边封口后，将充放电控制器壳体151(251)褶边焊接在PCB电路基板171(271)的锂离子电池充放电控制电路V-端的敷铜部位构成。所述锂离子电池的正极通过正极焊接片161(261)接入锂离子电池充放电控制电路的节点Jb+(如图45所示)，锂离子电池的负极通过负极端盖103(203)和外封装壳体102(202)及充放电控制器壳体151(251)接入锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，正极端盖101(201)接入锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端。
所述充放电控制电路焊装体160(260)的装配步骤包括：步骤1、在PCB电路基板171(271)正面上焊装锂离子电池充放电控制电路的元器件，构成PCB焊装体170(270)；步骤2、在PCB焊装体170(270)的PCB电路基板171(271)正面的锂离子电池充放电控制电路V+端的敷铜部位，焊装正电极端盖101(201)；步骤3、在PCB焊装体170(270)的PCB电路基板171(272)背面的锂离子电池充放电控制电路节点Jb+的 敷铜部位，焊装正极焊接片161(261)，构成充放电控制电路焊装体160(260)。
所述充放电控制器150(250)的装配步骤包括：步骤1、将充放电控制器支架152(252)装入充放电控制器壳体151(251)中；步骤2、将充放电控制电路焊装体160(260)装入充放电控制器支架152(252)中；步骤3、用滚边机将充放电控制器壳体151(251)滚边封口；步骤4、将PCB电路基板171(271)的锂离子电池充放电控制电路V-端敷铜部位与充放电控制器壳体151(251)滚边后的褶边焊接；步骤5、通过PCB电路基板171(271)的注胶孔灌注封装胶，待封装胶固化后构成充放电控制器150(250)。装配完成后的充放电控制器150(250)中，充放电控制器壳体151(251)成为锂离子电池充放电控制电路V-端的接入电极，正电极端盖101(201)成为锂离子电池充放电控制电路V+端的接入电极，正极焊接片161(261)成为锂离子电池充放电控制电路节点Jb+的接入电极。
所述充放电控制器支架152(252)采用导光型绝缘材料制造而成，用于安装充放电控制电路焊装体160(260)，并将用来显示通用型充电电池充电状态的发光二极管D1发出的光信号传导至通用型充电电池外部，以显示该通用型充电电池的充电状态。
该充放电控制器150的结构满足R20充电电池配用技术条件，充放电控制器250的结构满足R14充电电池配用技术条件。
所述锂离子电池选用外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池、外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池，或者，通过集流装置接入的数只并联的外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池、数只并联的外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池、数只并联的软包封装单体锂离子电池。所述集流装置包括设于单体锂离子电池两端的正极集流焊片及负极集流焊片。
采用单体锂离子电池装配通用型充电电池的步骤包括：步骤1、采用点焊机将负电极端盖焊接在锂离子电池的负极上；步骤2、采用点焊机将充放电控制器的正极焊接片与锂离子电池正极焊接；步骤3、将焊接后的充放电控制器、单体锂离子电池和负电极端盖沿轴线方向装入外封装壳体，并放入滚边封口机的绝缘定位工装压合固定后，将外封装壳体滚边封口完成通用型充电电池装配；步骤4、在装配完成的通用型充电电池的外封装壳体外部包覆或涂敷绝缘及装饰材料构成通用型充电电池成品。采用此类装配方法的实施例包括：采用外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池构成的R20充电电池、采用外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池构成的R14充电电池。
采用通过集流装置接入的数只并联的单体锂离子电池装配通用型充电 电池的步骤包括：步骤1、将正极集流焊片贴附有绝缘膜的一面朝向锂离子电池的正极，采用点焊机将正极集流焊片分别与各单体锂离子电池的正极焊接，使正极集流焊片成为各单体锂离子电池的并联正电极；步骤2、将负极集流焊片贴附有绝缘膜的一面朝向锂离子电池的负极，采用点焊机将负极集流焊片分别与各单体锂离子电池的负极焊接，使负极集流焊片成为各单体锂离子电池的并联负电极，构成数只单体锂离子电池的并联装配体；步骤3、采用点焊机将负电极端盖焊接在锂离子电池并联装配体的负极集流焊片上；步骤4、采用点焊机将充放电控制器的正极焊接片与锂离子电池并联装配体的正极集流焊片焊接；步骤5、将焊接后的充放电控制器、锂离子电池并联装配体和负电极端盖沿轴线方向装入外封装壳体，并放入滚边封口机的绝缘定位工装压合固定后，将外封装壳体滚边封口完成通用型充电电池装配；步骤6、在装配完成的通用型充电电池的外封装壳体外部包覆或涂敷绝缘及装饰材料构成通用型充电电池成品。采用此类装配方法的实施例包括：采用数只外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池并联构成的R20充电电池、采用数只外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池并联构成的R14充电电池。
本发明中，所述正极端盖、外封装壳体、负极端盖、充放电控制器壳体、正极焊接片、正极集流焊片、负极集流焊片均采用具有高导热率、高导电性能的金属材料制造而成，并且表面经过导电性防氧化处理，其中，正极集流焊片和负极集流焊片，经导电性防氧化处理后在其一面贴附有焊接部位镂空的绝缘膜。所述外封装壳体的成型工艺为采用预制薄壁管材成型，或采用板材滚筒成型，或采用板材卷筒成型；所述充放电控制器壳体的成型工艺为采用预制薄壁管材成型，或采用板材滚筒成型，或采用板材卷筒成型。所述PCB电路基板采用导热率较高的绝缘材料制造而成，可以将锂离子电池和元器件产生的热量传递至外封装壳体散热。
所述通用型充电电池装配后的散热原理为：锂离子电池充放电控制电路功率器件产生的热量，经PCB电路基板及电路敷铜导热结构、充放电控制器壳体传导至通用型充电电池外封装壳体散热；锂离子电池产生的热量，在锂离子电池的正极一端，经正极焊接片、PCB电路基板及电路敷铜导热结构、充放电控制器壳体传导至通用型充电电池外封装壳体散热。在锂离子电池的负极一端，经负极端盖传导至通用型充电电池外封装壳体散热。
所述充放电控制电路焊装体焊装有锂离子电池充放电控制电路，该锂离子电池充放电控制电路包括：焊装在电路基板上且分别与锂离子电池、 正极端盖、及通过充放电控制器壳体和外封装壳体与负极端盖电性连接的锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路、及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路。本发明的通用型充电电池采用计算机USB接口或通用型锂离子电池充电适配器充电，当通用型充电电池连接至充电电源时，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测到接入的充电电压时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出，并控制锂离子电池充电控制电路开启对锂离子电池进行充电。
本发明给出的实施例中，所述R20和R14通用型充电电池的锂离子电池充电控制电路的充电输入电压与计算机USB接口及通用型锂离子电池充电适配器兼容。所述R20和R14通用型充电电池的锂离子电池充电控制电路的最大充电电流ICHG按照配用的锂离子电池容量和充电特性通过第二电阻R2的电阻值设置，但若采用的充电电源的最大允许输出电流小于设定的充电电流ICHG时，锂离子电池充电控制电路按充电电源的最大允许输出电流对锂离子电池进行充电，使R20和R14通用型充电电池的充电输入电流兼容计算机USB接口及通用型锂离子电池充电适配器。其实际充电效果的差别为，若充电电源的最大允许输出电流大于设定的充电电流ICHG时，通用型充电电池的充电时间较短，若充电电源的最大允许输出电流小于设定的充电电流ICHG时，通用型充电电池的充电时间较长。
本发明采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池具有接入充电电源的充电状态与脱离充电电源的放电状态。所述通用型充电电池的充放电控制方法包括以下控制条件：
控制条件一，当充电电源接入通用型充电电池时，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测到接入的充电电压，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路和锂离子电池充电控制电路进入充电状态。在充电状态，DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出，锂离子电池充电控制电路开启对锂离子电池进行充电。
控制条件二，在充电状态，所述锂离子电池充电控制电路检测所述锂离子电池的输出电压，并根据所述锂离子电池的输出电压状态选择以涓流充电、恒流充电或恒压充电方式对锂离子电池进行充电，在充电过程中，所述锂离子电池充电控制电路检测充电电源的最大允许输出电流，在充电电源最大允许输出电流小于设定的充电电流值时，以充电电源的最大允许输出电流对锂离子电池进行充电，当恒压充电状态的充电电流降为设定的充满态判定电流时，停止对锂离子电池的充电。
控制条件三，当充电电源脱离通用型充电电池时，所述锂离子电池检 测电路检测到充电电源脱离，将充电过程中滤波电容存储的多余电能释放掉，使通用型充电电池的正负电极间电压快速降至等于或低于最大开路电压，并控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路和锂离子电池充电控制电路进入放电状态。在放电状态，锂离子电池充电控制电路关闭充电输出，DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路开启稳压放电，并按控制条件四稳压放电输出。
控制条件四，在放电状态，所述锂离子电池检测电路监测锂离子电池的输出电压，并控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路的输出反馈深度，在锂离子电池输出电压高于低电量电压VL时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路将锂离子电池输出电压降为第一输出电压稳压输出；在锂离子电池输出电压高于放电截止电压VD但等于或低于低电量电压VL时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路将锂离子电池输出电压降为第二输出电压稳压输出，并在锂离子电池充电后的输出电压高于VL+△V1时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路恢复第一输出电压稳压输出；VL为电压检测电路按照通用型充电电池配套的锂离子电池的电压/容量特性设定的锂离子电池低电量电压，△V1为电压检测电路设定的锂离子电池低电量电压检测门限的回差电压，VD为电压检测电路按照通用型充电电池配套的锂离子电池的放电特性设定的锂离子电池放电截止电压。
控制条件五，在放电状态，所述锂离子电池检测电路监测锂离子电池的输出电压，在锂离子电池输出电压降至等于或低于放电截止电压VD时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出，并在锂离子电池充电后的输出电压高于VD+△V2时，按控制条件四恢复稳压输出；△V2为电压检测电路设定的锂离子电池放电截止电压检测门限的回差电压；
控制条件六，在对通用型充电电池充电过程中，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测锂离子电池的温度，在锂离子电池的温度上升至充电上限温度TCH时，控制所述锂离子电池充电控制电路停止对锂离子电池充电，并在锂离子电池的温度下降至低于充电上限温度减回差温度(即TCH-△T1)时再次恢复充电，TCH为按照通用型充电电池配套的锂离子电池的充电技术条件设定的锂离子电池充电上限温度，△T1为热敏电阻Rt电压检测电路设定的TCH检测门限的回差电压对应的回差温度；
控制条件七，在通用型充电电池放电过程中，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测锂离子电池的温度，并在锂离子电池的温度上升至放电上限温度TDH时，控制所述DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路停止稳压输出，并在锂离子电池的温度下降至低于放电上限温度减回差温度(即TDH-△T2)时再次恢复稳压输出，TDH为按照通用型充电电池配套的锂离子电池的放电技术条 件设定的锂离子电池放电上限温度，△T2为热敏电阻Rt电压检测电路设定的TDH检测门限的回差电压对应的回差温度。
当控制条件一给出充电电源接入通用型充电电池，且控制条件六允许对锂离子电池充电时，按照控制条件二对锂离子电池进行充电，当控制条件六不允许对锂离子电池进行充电时，停止对锂离子电池充电；
当控制条件三给出通用型充电电池脱离充电电源，且控制条件五和控制条件七均允许锂离子电池放电输出时，按照控制条件四将锂离子电池输出电能降压并稳压输出，当控制条件五或控制条件七其中之一不允许锂离子电池放电输出时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出。
其中，本发明给出的通用型充电电池的第一输出电压可以是1.35V～1.725V的任意电压值，第二输出电压可以是0.9V～1.35V的任意电压值，所述最大开路电压可以是1.5V～1.725V的任意电压值；优选的，所述第一输出电压为1.5V，所述第二输出电压为1.1V，所述最大开路电压为1.65V。
请参阅图45，所述锂离子电池充放电控制电路包括：锂离子电池LIB、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1、集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3、第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6、第七电阻R7、第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9、第十电阻R10、第十一电阻R11、第十二电阻R12、负温度系数热敏电阻Rt、发光二极管D1、第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第一电容C1、第二电容C2、第三电容C3、第四电容C4；其中，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3、第一电容C1、第二电容C2、第四电容C4、第一电感L1、发光二极管D1构成锂离子电池充电控制电路，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2、第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6、负温度系数热敏电阻Rt构成锂离子电池检测电路，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3、第七电阻R7、第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9、第十电阻R10、第十一电阻R11、第十二电阻R12、第二电感L2、第二电容C2、第三电容C3、第四电容C4构成DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路；所述锂离子电池LIB的正极接节点Jb+，锂离子电池LIB的负极接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端；所述集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电电源输入引脚PVin接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端和第四电容C4的正极，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的电源地引脚PGND接第二电容C2的负极、第四电容C4的负极及 锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的信号地引脚AGND接第一电容C1的负极、第四电容C4的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的热敏电阻接入引脚NTC接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的信号地引脚AGND，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电输出及检测引脚BAT接锂离子电池LIB的正极和第二电容C2的正极，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电状态输出引脚LDD接发光二极管D1的阴极，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电电流设置引脚IBSET接第二电阻R2的一端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的输出跟踪检测引脚BSC接第一电容C1的正极和第一电感L1的一端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的调制输出引脚SW接第一电感L1的另一端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电使能引脚EN接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充电控制引脚CEC和第三电阻R3的一端；所述集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的锂离子电池接入引脚VBSE接锂离子电池LIB的正极，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的电源地引脚GND接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的温度检测设置引脚DTCS接节点P1，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的NTC电压检测引脚NTC接分压点P2，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充电电源接入引脚VCS接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充电控制引脚CEC接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电使能引脚EN，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的放电控制引脚DEN接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出使能引脚EN，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的放电反馈控制引脚DFBC接节点P3，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充余电能释放引脚DECO接第六电阻R6的一端；所述集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的功率电源输入引脚PVDD接锂离子电池LIB的正极和第二电容C2的正极，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的信号电源输入引脚AVDD接锂离子电池LIB的正极和第二电容C2的正极，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的电源地引脚PGND接第二电容C2的负极、第四电容C4的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的信号地引脚AGND接第二电容C2的负极、第三电容C3的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成 DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的误差放大器外部补偿引脚SHDN/RT接第十二电阻R12的一端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的震荡器外部设定引脚COMP接第十一电阻R11的一端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的反馈输入引脚FB接分压点P4，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出使能引脚EN接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的放电控制引脚DEN和第七电阻R7的第一端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的调制输出引脚SW接第二电感L2的一端；所述第一电阻R1为发光二极管D1的限流电阻，第一电阻R1一端接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，另一端接发光二极管D1的阳极；所述第二电阻R2为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电电流设置电阻，第二电阻R2一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电电流设置引脚IBSET，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的信号地引脚AGND；所述第三电阻R3为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1充电使能引脚EN的上拉电阻，第三电阻R3一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电使能引脚EN，另一端接锂离子电池LIB的正极；所述第四电阻R4为分压点P2的上偏置分压电阻，第四电阻R4一端接锂离子电池LIB的正极，另一端接第五电阻R5于节点P1；所述第五电阻R5为分压点P2的上偏置分压电阻，第五电阻R5一端接第四电阻R4于节点P1，另一端接负温度系数热敏电阻Rt于分压点P2；所述第六电阻R6为第四电容C4的充电剩余电能放电限流电阻，第六电阻R6一端接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充余电能释放引脚DECO，另一端接第四电容C4的正极；所述第七电阻R7为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3输出使能引脚EN的上拉电阻，第七电阻R7一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出使能引脚EN，另一端接锂离子电池LIB的正极；所述第八电阻R8为分压点P4的上偏置分压电阻，第八电阻R8一端接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，另一端接第九电阻R9于分压点P4；所述第九电阻R9为分压点P4的下偏置分压电阻，第九电阻R9一端接第八电阻R8于分压点P4，另一端接第十电阻R10于节点P3；所述第十电阻R10为分压点P4的下偏置分压电阻，第十电阻R10一端接第九电阻R9于节点P3，另一端接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的电源地引脚GND和集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的信号地引脚AGND；所述第十一电阻R11为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的震荡频率设定电阻，第十一电阻R11一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的震荡器外部设定引脚COMP，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片 U3的信号地引脚AGND；所述第十二电阻R12为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的误差放大器补偿回路电阻，第十二电阻R12一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的误差放大器外部补偿引脚SHDN/RT，另一端接第三电容C3的一端；所述负温度系数热敏电阻Rt为锂离子电池LIB温度传感的负温度系数热敏电阻，负温度系数热敏电阻Rt一端接第五电阻R5于分压点P2，另一端接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的电源地引脚GND，负温度系数热敏电阻Rt的本体绝缘部分贴靠在与锂离子电池LIB输出电极连接的导热电路结构上；所述发光二极管D1为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电工作状态显示发光二极管，发光二极管D1的阳极接第一电阻R1的另一端，发光二极管D1的阴极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电状态输出引脚LDD；所述第一电感L1为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的输出滤波及补偿电感，第一电感L1一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的输出跟踪检测引脚BSC和第一电容C1的正极，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的调制输出引脚SW；所述第二电感L2为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出滤波及补偿电感，第二电感L2一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的调制输出引脚SW，另一端接第四电容C4的正极和锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端；所述第一电容C1为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电输出滤波及补偿电容，第一电容C1的正极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的输出跟踪检测引脚BSC和第一电感L1的一端，第一电容C1的负极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的电源地引脚PGND和集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的信号地引脚AGND及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端；所述第二电容C2为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电输出滤波电容和集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输入滤波及补偿电容，第二电容C2的正极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电输出及检测引脚BAT、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的信号电源输入引脚AVDD及集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的功率电源输入引脚PVDD，第二电容C2的负极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的电源地引脚PGND、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的信号地引脚AGND、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的信号地引脚AGND及集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的电源地引脚PGND；所述第三电容C3为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的误差放大器补偿回路 电容，第三电容C3的一端接第十二电阻R12的另一端，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的信号地引脚AGND；所述第四电容C4为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的输入滤波及补偿电容和集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出滤波及补偿电容，第四电容C4的正极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电电源输入引脚PVin和第二电感L2及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，第四电容C4的负极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的电源地引脚PGND、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的电源地引脚PGND、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的信号地引脚AGND及集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的信号地引脚AGND。所述集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的型号为深圳市麦格松电气科技有限公司(ShenZhen Migison Electric Co.,Ltd)的MGS2520A或MGS2520B或MGS2520C，其主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压4V～6V，充电上限电压VH(MGS2520A为4.2V，MGS2520B为3.65V，MGS2520C为4.35V)，最大充电输出电流2A(ICHG)，充满态判定电流ICHG/10；所述集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的型号为深圳市麦格松电气科技有限公司的MGS1700A或MGS1700B，其主要控制参数包括，输入电压2.25V～9V，NTC电压检测门限为0.5VLIB，放电低电量电压VL(MGS1700A为3.4V，MGS1700B为3.0V)，放电截止电压VD(MGS1700A为3.0V，MGS1700B为2.55V)，充余电能释放门限为1.65V；所述集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的型号为深圳市麦格松电气科技有限公司的MGS3050或MGS3035，其主要控制参数包括，输入电压2.25V～6V，反馈参考电压0.6V(VFB)，最大输出电流(MGS3050为5A，MGS3035为3.5A)。
所述锂离子电池充放电控制电路各工作状态的具体控制方法
充放电模式转换控制方法：在通用型充电电池未接入充电电源状态，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充电电源接入引脚VCS电压小于4V，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充电控制引脚CEC和放电控制引脚DEN输出均为高阻态，此状态下集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1因充电使能引脚EN被第三电阻R3上拉为高电平而关闭充电，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3因输出使能引脚EN被第七电阻R7上拉为高电平而开启稳压放电输出，此时通用型充电电池进入稳压放电状态。在通用型充电电池接入充电电源后，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2通过充电电源接入引脚VCS检测到充电输入电压高于 4V时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充电控制引脚CEC和放电控制引脚DEN输出均为低电平，此状态下集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1因充电使能引脚EN被集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充电控制引脚CEC下拉为低电平而开启向锂离子电池LIB充电，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3因输出使能引脚EN被集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的放电控制引脚DEN下拉为低电平而关闭稳压放电，此时通用型充电电池进入充电状态。此外，通用型充电电池在充电电源脱离后由充电状态转换为放电状态时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充余电能释放引脚DECO输出为低电平，使第四电容C4在充电时充入的多余电能通过第六电阻R6限流释放，使通用型充电电池的空载电压快速降至最大开路电压，在第四电容C4的电压降至等于或低于最大开路电压后，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充余电能释放引脚DECO输出转换为高阻态。
充电过程控制方法：充电电源接入通用型充电电池后，充电电源的正极与通用型充电电池的正极V+连接，充电电源的负极与通用型充电电池的负极V-连接，由于通用型充电电池的正极V+即为锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+，通用型充电电池的负极V-即为锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-，就等于充电电源的正极连接至集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电电源输入引脚PVin、充电电源的负极连接至集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的电源地引脚PGND，此时若集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充电控制引脚CEC输出为低电平状态，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1开启对锂离子电池LIB充电，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1通过充电输出及检测引脚BAT检测锂离子电池LIB的输出电压VLIB，并根据VLIB状态由充电输出及检测引脚BAT输出对锂离子电池LIB充电，当锂离子电池LIB的输出电压VLIB等于或小于锂离子电池LIB放电截止电压VD(VLIB≤VD)时，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1对锂离子电池LIB进行涓流充电，当锂离子电池LIB的输出电压VLIB大于锂离子电池LIB的放电截止电压VD但小于锂离子电池LIB的充电上限电压VH(VD＜VLIB＜VH)时，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1以ICHG对锂离子电池LIB进行恒流充电，当锂离子电池LIB的输出电压VLIB等于锂离子电池LIB的充电上限电压VH(VLIB＝VH)时，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1以充电上限电压VH对锂离子电池LIB进行恒压充电，直至充电电流降至ICHG/10后停止充电。在充电过程中发光二极 管D1由充电电源供电，并由集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1通过充电状态输出引脚LDD驱动显示充电过程的工作状态。
充电电流控制方法：集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1向锂离子电池LIB充电的恒流态最大充电电流由第二电阻R2的电阻值设定，即R2＝1000V/ICHG(ICHG为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1在恒流充电状态输出的最大充电电流)，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的锂离子电池LIB充满态判定电流为ICHG/10。
充电电源输出电流适配控制方法：集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1通过充电电源输入引脚PVin，检测充电电源的空载状态输出电压和脉冲加载状态输出电压的压降幅值，判定充电电源的允许输出最大电流，在充电电源允许输出的最大电流小于ICHG时，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1以充电电源允许输出的最大电流为限流值对锂离子电池LIB进行充电。
稳压输出电压控制方法：在通用型充电电池未接入充电电源的放电状态，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2通过锂离子电池接入引脚VBAT监测锂离子电池LIB的输出电压VLIB，当锂离子电池LIB的输出电压VLIB高于低电量电压(VLIB＞VL)时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的放电反馈控制引脚DFBC输出为高阻态，使集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出电压反馈由第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9和第十电阻R10串联分压电路的分压点P4提供，在此状态下集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的稳压输出电压为：Vout＝VFB{1+[R8/(R9+R10)]}＝1.5V。当锂离子电池LIB输出电压VLIB等于或低于低电量电压(VLIB≤VL)时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的放电反馈控制引脚DFBC输出为低电平，等于将第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9和第十电阻R10串联分压电路的节点P3接至集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的信号地引脚AGND，等于集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出电压反馈由第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9串联组成的分压电路的分压点P4提供，在此状态下集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的稳压输出电压为：Vout＝VFB[1+(R8/R9)]＝1.1V。集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2对锂离子电池LIB的低电量电压VL的检测判定值为多点采样均值，其采样频率与锂离子电池LIB的输出电压变化率成正比，其检测门限的回差电压为△V1，因而在锂离子电池LIB充电后的电压VLIB升至等于或高于VL+△V1后，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2控制集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3恢复1.5V稳压输出。
过放电保护方法：在通用型充电电池未接入充电电源的放电状态，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2通过锂离子电池接入引脚VBAT监测锂离子电池LIB的输出电压VLIB，在锂离子电池LIB的输出电压VLIB高于放电截止电压(VLIB＞VD)时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的放电控制引脚DEN输出为高阻态，此状态下集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出使能引脚EN被第七电阻R7上拉为高电平，使集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3开启稳压输出。在锂离子电池LIB的输出电压VLIB等于或低于放电截止电压(VLIB≤VD)时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的放电控制引脚DEN输出为低电平并将与其相连接的集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出使能引脚EN下拉为低电平，使集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3关闭稳压输出。集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2对锂离子电池LIB的放电截止电压VD的检测判定值为多点采样均值，其采样频率与锂离子电池LIB的输出电压变化率成正比，其检测门限的回差电压为△V2，因而在锂离子电池LIB充电后的输出电压VLIB升至等于或高于VD+△V2后，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2控制集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3恢复稳压输出。
输出过载或短路控制方法：集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3具有输出过载或短路保护电路，在通用型充电电池输出过载或短路时，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3按其最大输出电流ILIM为限流值稳压输出。按照通用型充电电池配用的锂离子电池的放电倍率特性配置集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的最大输出电流ILIM，避免在通用型充电电池输出过载或短路时锂离子电池LIB超倍率放电损伤。
充电过热保护控制方法：集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的NTC电压检测引脚NTC的门限电压为0.5VLIB，在充电状态，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的温度检测设置引脚DTCS输出为高阻态，第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5和负温度系数热敏电阻Rt的电阻值需满足：Rtch＝R4+R5(Rtch为负温度系数热敏电阻Rt在锂离子电池温度等于TCH时的电阻值)。在锂离子电池LIB工作温度低于设定的充电上限温度TCH时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的NTC电压检测引脚NTC的电压高于0.5VLIB，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充电控制引脚CEC输出为低电平并将与其相连接的集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电使能引脚EN下拉为低电平，此状态下集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1开启向锂离子电池LIB充电。在锂离子电池LIB工作温度上升至等于或高于充电上限温度TCH时， 集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的NTC电压检测引脚NTC的电压等于或低于0.5VLIB，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的充电控制引脚CEC输出为高阻态，此状态下集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1的充电使能引脚EN被第三电阻R3上拉为高电平，使集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1关闭向锂离子电池LIB充电。集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的NTC电压检测门限的回差电压为△VT，因而在锂离子电池LIB的工作温度降至使集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的NTC电压检测引脚NTC的电压等于或高于0.5VLIB+△VT时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2控制集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1恢复向锂离子电池LIB充电。
放电过热保护控制方法：在充电状态，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2将温度检测设置引脚DTCS与NTC电压检测引脚NTC通过内置开关电路短接，此状态下，第四电阻R4和负温度系数热敏电阻Rt的电阻值需满足：Rtdh＝R4(Rtdh为负温度系数热敏电阻Rt在锂离子电池温度等于TDH时的电阻值)。在锂离子电池LIB的工作温度低于放电上限温度TDH时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的NTC电压检测引脚NTC的电压高于0.5VLIB，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的放电控制引脚DEN输出为高阻态，使与其相连接的集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出使能引脚EN被第七电阻R7上拉为高电平，此状态下集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3开启稳压输出。在锂离子电池LIB工作温度上升至等于或高于放电上限温度TDH时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的NTC电压检测引脚NTC的电压等于或低于0.5VLIB，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的放电控制引脚DEN输出为低电平，并将与其相连接的集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3的输出使能引脚EN下拉为低电平，此状态下集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3关闭稳压输出。集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的NTC电压检测门限的回差电压为△VT，因而在锂离子电池LIB工作温度降至使集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2的NTC电压检测引脚NTC的电压等于或高于0.5VLIB+△VT时，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2控制集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3恢复稳压输出。
请参阅图1及图2，R20充电电池100包括：外封装壳体102、及封装在外封装壳体102内的充放电控制器150和锂离子电池110(120、130)及负极端盖103。在R20充电电池100的正极一端，露出外封装壳体102的正电极端盖101的凸出结构作为R20充电电池100的正电极，由 导光型绝缘材料制造的充放电控制器支架152的导光凸缘结构，作为R20充电电池100的充电工作状态发光显示体；在R20充电电池100的负极一端，露出外封装壳体102的负极端盖103的凸出结构作为R20充电电池100的负电极。
所述的R20充电电池100，在R20电池结构技术规范和充放电控制器150结构技术条件下，采用外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110、多个外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池120并联、多个软包封装单体锂离子电池130并联的结构方法构成，具体如下：
(一)采用外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110构成R20充电电池100：
请参阅图3及图4，外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110的圆形外壳体及底端为锂离子电池110的负极112，另一端凸盖为锂离子电池110的正极111；外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110为采用钢质外壳体或其它导电材质外壳体封装的外壳体为负极的锂离子电池。本实施例在优先考虑降低通用型充电电池成本条件下，所述外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110采用R33520钢壳封装3300mAh锰酸锂电池。
请参阅图45，本实施例锂离子电池充放电控制电路配用的集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1采用MGS2520A，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2采用MGS1700A，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3采用MGS3050；主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压4V～6V，充电上限电压(VH)4.2V，最大充电输出电流2A(ICHG)，充满态判定电流ICHG/10，放电低电量电压3.4V(VL)，放电截止电压3.0V(VD)，最大稳压输出电流5A。在此基础上可实现的本实施例通用型充电电池主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压5V±0.7V，最大充电电流(ICHG)设计为1.0A(锂离子电池LIB的最大充电倍率约为0.3C)，锂离子电池LIB充电上限温度TCH设计为45℃，锂离子电池LIB放电上限温度TDH设计为50℃，稳压输出电压1.5V，低电量稳压输出电压1.1V，最大稳压输出电流5A(锂离子电池LIB的最大放电倍率约为0.7C)，蓄电容量约7700mAh。
请参阅图1至图6，在本实施例中，所述锂离子电池LIB为外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110，外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110的正极111为锂离子电池LIB的正极，外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110的负极112为锂离子电池LIB的负极。采用外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110构成R20充电电池100的装配步骤，可以直接按照上述装配步骤进行装配，及装配后的散热原理与上述散热原理相同，此处不再赘述。
请结合参阅图3至图6、图18至24及图45，采用外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110构成的R20充电电池100装配后的电路连接关系：焊接在图45中V+的正电极端盖101作为R20充电电池100放电输出和充电输入的正电极；外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110的正极111与焊接在图45中节点Jb+的正极焊接片161焊接，电路连接意义等于外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池110的正极111接入图45中的节点Jb+；通过外封装壳体102，焊接在图45中V-的充放电控制器壳体151与焊接在单体锂离子电池110负极112的负电极端盖103压合建立电路连接，电路连接意义等于单体锂离子电池110的负极112通过负电极端盖103、充电电池外封装壳体102及充放电控制器壳体151接入图45中的V-，使负电极端盖103成为R20充电电池100的放电输出和充电输入的负电极。
(二)采用数只外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池120并联构成的R20充电电池100：
请参阅图7及图8，外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池120的圆形外壳体及底端为单体锂离子电池120的正极121，另一端凸盖为单体锂离子电池120的负极122，在圆形外壳体外部热塑包覆有绝缘包覆护套123，绝缘包覆护套123将外壳体包覆后仅在底端露出外壳体部分底部作为单体锂离子电池120的正极121；外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池120为采用铝质外壳体或其它导电材质外壳体封装的外壳体为正极的锂离子电池。本实施例在优先考虑提高通用型充电电池蓄电容量条件下，所述外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池120采用R11510铝壳封装700mAh高能钴酸锂电池。
请参阅图45，本实施例锂离子电池充放电控制电路配用的集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1采用MGS2520C，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2采用MGS1700A，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3采用MGS3050；主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压4V～6V，充电上限电压(VH)4.35V，最大充电输出电流2A(ICHG)，充满态判定电流ICHG/10，放电低电量电压3.4V(VL)，放电截止电压(VD)3.0V，最大稳压输出电流5A。在此基础上可实现的本实施例通用型充电电池主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压5V±0.7V，最大充电电流(ICHG)设计为1.5A(锂离子电池LIB的最大充电倍率约为0.3C)，锂离子电池LIB充电上限温度TCH设计为45℃，锂离子电池LIB放电上限温度TDH设计为55℃，稳压输出电压1.5V，低电量稳压输出电压1.1V，最大稳压输出电流5A(锂离子电池LIB的最大放电倍率约为0.5C)，蓄电容量约12000mAh。
请参阅图1和图2、图7至图12，在本实施例中，所述锂离子电池 LIB由7只外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池120并联构成，并联后的总荷电容量为4900mAh。锂离子电池LIB的正极为锂离子电池并联装配体125的正极集流焊片126，锂离子电池LIB的负极为锂离子电池并联装配体125的负极集流焊片127。采用7只外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池120并联构成锂离子电池并联装配体125、采用锂离子电池并联装配体125构成R20充电电池100的装配步骤，可以直接按照上述装配步骤进行装配，及装配后的散热原理与上述散热原理相同，此处不再赘述。
请参阅图7至12、图18至图24及图45，采用外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池120并联构成的R20充电电池100装配后的电路连接关系：焊接在图45中V+的正电极端盖101作为R20充电电池100放电输出和充电输入的正电极；锂离子电池并联焊装体125的正极集流焊片126与焊接在图45中节点Jb+的正极焊接片161焊接，电路连接意义等于所有单体锂离子电池120的正极121并联后接入图45中的节点Jb+；通过外封装壳体102，焊接在图45中V-的充放电控制器壳体151与焊接在锂离子电池并联焊装体125负极集流焊片127上的负电极端盖103压合建立电路连接，电路连接意义等于所有单体锂离子电池120的负极122并联后通过负极集流焊片127、负电极端盖103、充电电池外封装壳体102及充放电控制器壳体151接入图45中的V-，使负电极端盖103成为R20充电电池100的放电输出和充电输入的负电极。
(三)采用数只软包封装单体锂离子电池130并联构成的R20充电电池100：
请参阅图13，软包封装单体锂离子电池130的一端为正极131，另一端为负极132；软包封装单体锂离子电池130为采用铝塑复合膜133或其它材料制成的软包封装单体锂离子电池，本实施例在优先考虑提高通用型充电电池安全性能和循环寿命条件下，所述软包封装单体锂离子电池130采用R11500软包封装320mAh磷酸铁锂电池。
请参阅图45，本实施例锂离子电池充放电控制电路配用的集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1采用MGS2520B，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2采用MGS1700B，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3采用MGS3035；主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压4V～6V，充电上限电压3.65V(VH)，最大充电输出电流2A(ICHG)，充满态判定电流ICHG/10，放电低电量电压3.0V(VL)，放电截止电压2.55V(VD)，最大稳压输出电流3.5A。在此基础上可实现的本实施例通用型充电电池主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压5V±0.7V，最大充电电流(ICHG)设计为0.7A (锂离子电池LIB的最大充电倍率约为0.3C)，锂离子电池LIB充电上限温度TCH设计为50℃，锂离子电池LIB放电上限温度TDH设计为60℃，稳压输出电压1.5V，低电量稳压输出电压1.1V，最大稳压输出电流3.5A(锂离子电池LIB的最大放电倍率约为0.7C)，蓄电容量约4500mAh。
请参阅图1和图2、图13至图17，在本实施例中，所述锂离子电池LIB为7只软包封装单体锂离子电池130并联构成，并联后的总荷电容量为2240mAh。锂离子电池LIB的正极为锂离子电池并联焊装体135的正极集流板136，锂离子电池LIB的负极为锂离子电池并联焊装体135的负极集流板137。采用7只软包封装单体锂离子电池130并联构成锂离子电池并联装配体135、采用锂离子电池并联焊装体135构成R20充电电池100的装配步骤包括：步骤1、将正极集流板136的绝缘面朝向绝缘定位支架138并装入，分别将各单体锂离子电池130的正极极耳131沿绝缘定位支架138的导向槽孔穿入，使正极极耳131由正极集流板136的对应极耳孔穿出，并将各单体锂离子电池130的正极极耳131折弯使之贴靠在正极集流板上；步骤2、采用点焊机分别将各单体锂离子电池130的正极极耳131与正极集流板136焊接，使正极集流板136成为锂离子电池并联装配体135的并联正电极；步骤3、将负极集流板137的绝缘面朝向绝缘定位支架139并装入，分别将各单体锂离子电池的负极极耳132沿绝缘定位支架139的导向槽孔穿入，使负极极耳132由负极集流板137的对应极耳孔穿出，并将各单体锂离子电池130的负极极耳132折弯使之贴靠在负极集流板137上；步骤4，采用点焊机分别将各单体锂离子电池130的负极极耳132与负极集流板137焊接，使负极集流板137成为锂离子电池并联装配体135的并联负电极；步骤5、采用点焊机将负电极端盖103焊接在锂离子电池并联装配体135的负极集流板137上；步骤6、采用点焊机将充放电控制器150的正极焊接片161与锂离子电池并联装配体135的正极集流板136焊接；步骤7、将焊接后的充放电控制器150、锂离子电池并联装配体135和负电极端盖103沿轴线方向装入外封装壳体102，并放入滚边封口机的绝缘定位工装压合固定后将外封装壳体102滚边封口完成R20充电电池100装配；步骤8、在装配完成的R20充电电池100的外封装壳体102外部包覆或涂敷绝缘及装饰材料构成R20充电电池100成品。装配后的R20充电电池100的散热原理与前述的散热原理相同，此处不再赘述。
所述正极集流板136及负极集流板137，采用具有高导热率、高导电性能的金属板材和导热率较高的绝缘板材复合而成，具有较强抗应变强度 且一面为金属导体另一面为绝缘体。
请参阅图13至17、图18至24及图45，采用7只软包封装单体锂离子电池130并联构成的R20充电电池100装配后的电路连接关系：焊接在图45中V+的正电极端盖101作为R20充电电池100放电输出和充电输入的正电极；锂离子电池并联焊装体135的正极集流板136与焊接在图45中节点Jb+的正极焊接片161焊接，电路连接意义等于所有单体锂离子电池130的正极131并联后接入图45中的节点Jb+；通过外封装壳体102，焊接在图45中V-的充放电控制器壳体151与焊接在锂离子电池并联焊装体135的负极集流板137上的负电极端盖103压合建立电路连接，电路连接意义等于所有单体锂离子电池130的负极132并联后通过负极集流板137、负电极端盖103、充电电池外封装壳体102及充放电控制器壳体151接入图45中的V-，使负电极端盖103成为R20充电电池100的放电输出和充电输入的负电极。
请参阅图25及图26，R14充电电池200包括：外封装壳体202、及封装在外封装壳体202内的充放电控制器250和锂离子电池210(220)及负极端盖203构成。在R14充电电池200的正极一端，露出外封装壳体202的正电极端盖201的凸出结构作为R14充电电池200的正电极，由导光型绝缘材料制造的充放电控制器支架252的导光凸缘结构，作为R14充电电池200的充电工作状态发光显示体；在R14充电电池200的负极一端，露出外封装壳体202的负极端盖203的凸出结构作为R14充电电池200的负电极。
所述的R14充电电池200，在R14充电电池结构技术规范和充放电控制器250结构技术条件下，采用外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池220、多个外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池210并联的结构方法构成，具体如下：
(一)采用外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池220构成R14充电电池200：
请参阅图27及图28，外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池220的圆形外壳体及底端为锂离子电池220的正极221，另一端凸盖为锂离子电池220的负极222，在锂离子电池220的圆形外壳体上热塑包覆有塑料绝缘膜223，塑料绝缘膜223将壳体包覆后仅在底端露出外壳体部分底部作为锂离子电池正极221；外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池220为采用铝质外壳体或其它导电材质外壳体封装的外壳体为正极的锂离子电池，本实施例在优先考虑提高通用型充电电池蓄电容量性价比条件下，所述外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池220采用R25410铝壳封装2600mAh镍钴锰酸锂电池。
请参阅图45，本实施例锂离子电池充放电控制电路配用的集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1采用MGS2520A，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2采用MGS1700A，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3采用MGS3035；主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压4V～6V，充电上限电压4.2V(VH)，最大充电输出电流2A(ICHG)，充满态判定电流ICHG/10，放电低电量电压3.4V(VL)，放电截止电压3.0V(VD)，最大稳压输出电流3.5A。在此基础上可实现的本实施例通用型充电电池主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压5V±0.7V，最大充电电流(ICHG)设计为0.8A(锂离子电池LIB的最大充电倍率约为0.3C)，锂离子电池LIB充电上限温度TCH设计为45℃，锂离子电池LIB放电上限温度TDH设计为55℃，稳压输出电压1.5V，低电量稳压输出电压1.1V，最大稳压输出电流3.5A(锂离子电池LIB的最大放电倍率约为0.7C)，蓄电容量约5900mAh。
请参阅图27及图30，在本实施例中，所述锂离子电池LIB为外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池220，外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池220的正极221为锂离子电池LIB的正极，外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池220的负极222为锂离子电池LIB的负极。采用外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池220组装R14充电电池200的装配步骤，可以直接按照上述装配步骤进行装配，及装配后的散热原理与上述散热原理相同，此处不再赘述。
请参阅图27至30、图37至43及图45，采用外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池220组装的R14充电电池200装配后的电路连接关系包括：焊接在图45中V+的正电极端盖201作为R14充电电池200放电输出和充电输入的正电极；单体锂离子电池220的正极221与焊接在图45中节点Jb+的正极焊接片261焊接，电路连接意义等于单体锂离子电池220的正极221接入图45中的节点Jb+；通过外封装壳体202，焊接在图45中V-的充放电控制器壳体251与焊接在单体锂离子电池220负极222的负电极端盖203压合建立电路连接，电路连接意义等于单体锂离子电池220的负极222通过负电极端盖203、外封装壳体202及充放电控制器壳体251接入图45中的V-，使负电极端盖203成为R14充电电池200的放电输出和充电输入的负电极。
(二)采用数只外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池210并联构成R14充电电池200：
请参阅图31及图32，外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池210的圆形外壳体及底端为单体锂离子电池210的负极212，另一端凸盖为单体锂离子电池210的正极211；外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池210为采用钢质外壳体 或其它导电材质外壳体封装的外壳体为负极的锂离子电池，本实施例在优先考虑提高通用型充电电池蓄电容量条件下，所述外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池210采用R10410钢壳封装500mAh普通钴酸锂电池。
请参阅图45，本实施例锂离子电池充放电控制电路配用的集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片U1采用MGS2520A，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片U2采用MGS1700A，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片U3采用MGS3035；主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压4V～6V，充电上限电压4.2V(VH)，最大充电输出电流2A(ICHG)，充满态判定电流ICHG/10，放电低电量电压3.4V(VL)，放电截止电压3.0V(VD)，最大稳压输出电流3.5A。在此基础上可实现的本实施例通用型充电电池主要控制参数包括，充电输入电压5V±0.7V，最大充电电流(ICHG)设计为0.6A(锂离子电池LIB的最大充电倍率约为0.3C)，锂离子电池LIB充电上限温度TCH设计为45℃，锂离子电池LIB放电上限温度TDH设计为55℃，稳压输出电压1.5V，低电量稳压输出电压1.1V，最大稳压输出电流3.5A(锂离子电池LIB的最大放电倍率约为0.9C)，蓄电容量约4600mAh。
请参阅33及34，在本实施例中，所述锂离子电池LIB为4只外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池210并联构成，并联后的总荷电容量为2000mAh。锂离子电池LIB的正极为锂离子电池并联装配体215的正极集流板216，锂离子电池LIB的负极为锂离子电池并联装配体215的负极集流板217。采用4只外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池210并联构成锂离子电池装配体215、采用锂离子电池并联装配体215构成R14充电电池200的装配步骤，可以直接按照上述装配步骤进行装配，及装配后的散热原理与上述散热原理相同，此处不再赘述。
请参阅图31至43及图45，采用4只外壳负极单体锂离子电池210并联焊装体215组装R14充电电池200装配完成后的电路连接关系包括：焊接在图45中V+的正电极端盖201作为R14充电电池200放电输出和充电输入的正电极；锂离子电池并联焊装体215的正极集流焊片216与焊接在图45中节点Jb+的正极焊接片261焊接，电路连接意义等于所有单体锂离子电池210的正极211并联后接入图45中的节点Jb+；通过外封装壳体202，焊接在图45中V-的充放电控制器壳体251与焊接在锂离子电池并联焊装体215的负极集流焊片217上的负电极端盖203压合建立电路连接，电路连接意义等于所有单体锂离子电池210的负极212并联后通过负极集流焊片217、负电极端盖203、外封装壳体202及充放电控制器壳体251接入图45中的V-，使负电极端盖203成为R14充电电池200的放电输出 和充电输入的负电极。
请参阅图44，本发明采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，采用计算机USB接口或通用型锂离子电池充电适配器作为充电电源对通用型充电电池充电。单节充电电池的充电装置电路为设有两个电极和两根导线的最简结构，其中一根导线将充电电源的正极连接至通用型充电电池的正电极，另一根将充电电源的负极连接至通用型充电电池的负电极。所述R14充电电池的充电装置电路接线原理与R20充电电池相同；通用型充电电池可以直接并联充电(包括不同型号)，但在充电电源的最大输出电流小于并联后的所有充电电池的最大充电电流之和时，所需的充电时间较长。
请参阅图46，为本发明采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池放电过程的锂离子电池输出电压曲线和通用型充电电池输出电压曲线对比示意图。其中，LC为通用型充电电池中配用的钴酸锂(LiCoO2)电池放电过程的输出电压曲线；LF为通用型充电电池中配用的磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)电池放电过程的输出电压曲线，LE为通用型充电电池放电过程的输出电压曲线；通用型充电电池充满后放电过程的锂离子电池输出电压和通用型充电电池输出电压的对应关系为：在锂离子电池输出电压为VLIB＞VL区间，通用型充电电池输出电压为1.5V；在锂离子电池输出电压为VL≥VLIB＞VD区间，通用型充电电池输出电压为1.1V；当锂离子电池输出电压VLIB≤VD时，通用型充电电池关闭输出。图中描述的锂离子电池放电曲线，为环境温度约为25℃及锂离子电池放电倍率约为0.4C条件下的示意曲线，在不同的环境温度和放电倍率条件下，锂离子电池输出电压V与时间t的函数关系会与图46标示有所不同。采用不同正极体系、负极体系、电解液及电池结构构成的锂离子电池，其放电曲线、充电完成时的端电压VH、放电截止电压VD等与图46标示参数会有所不同。
本发明给出的上述所有参数以及实施例的控制参数配置、实施例的锂离子电池设计引用等，仅为对本发明技术原理的辅助说明，而非对本发明技术原理的限制。
综上所述，本发明的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，稳压输出1.5V和在锂离子电池低电量时稳压输出1.1V，可用计算机USB接口或通用型锂离子电池充电适配器给其充电，其形体结构和放电性能符合GB/T 8897.2-2013和IEC 60086-2技术规范，能够直接替代现有通用型一次电池和镍氢充电电池，具有较高的性能，且其充电控制器与锂离子电池通过压合组装在同一外封装壳体内并且两者通过正极焊接片相连接，防止在大电流充放电时产生触点烧蚀问题，提升了充电控制器与锂离子电池正 极连接的可靠性，充放电控制器结构及装配工艺简单，有利于自动化量产装配，利用控制器壳体作为锂离子电池负极接入锂离子电池充放电控制电路的电极结构，节省了较大的充放电控制器内部空间，消除了阻碍充放电控制器密封的活动部件，可实现充放电控制器的防水密封，防止受潮及浸水后电路失效问题，有利于提高通用型充电电池的蓄电容量，降低生产成本，同时充放电控制器内装有锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路，实现了锂离子电池的充电及放电过程的管控和保护，提高了锂离子电池的循环寿命和安全性；本发明的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池的控制方法，按照锂离子电池所需的充电及放电工作技术条件，通过设置锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路，对锂离子电池的充电及放电过程进行管控和保护，实现了对锂离子电池充电及放电过程的充电模式、充电倍率、过充电、过放电、放电倍率及充放电过热进行控制和保护，提高了锂离子电池的循环寿命和安全性，且实现了通用型充电电池稳压输出1.5V和在锂离子电池低电量时稳压输出1.1V，实现了可用计算机USB接口或通用型锂离子电池充电适配器给通用型充电电池充电，实现了通用型充电电池形体结构和放电性能符合GB/T 8897.2-2013和IEC 60086-2技术规范，能够直接替代现有通用型一次电池和镍氢充电电池，并在可循环充放电、放电过程输出电压恒定和环保性等方面优于现有通用型一次电池，在标称输出电压为1.5V、放电过程输出电压恒定、充电时间短、无记忆效应和循环寿命长等方面优于现有镍氢充电电池，全面提高通用型充电电池的性能。
以上所述，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的技术方案和技术构思作出其他各种相应的改变和变形，而所有这些改变和变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，包括：外封装壳体，以及该外封装壳体内依次压合组装的充放电控制器、正极焊接片、锂离子电池、及负极端盖；所述充放电控制器包括：充放电控制器壳体，以及设于充放电控制器壳体内的充放电控制电路焊装体、充放电控制器支架，所述充放电控制电路焊装体焊装有锂离子电池充放电控制电路，所述锂离子电池的正极通过正极焊接片接入所述锂离子电池充放电控制电路，该锂离子电池充放电控制电路包括：焊装在电路基板上且分别与锂离子电池、正极端盖、及通过充放电控制器壳体和外封装壳体与负极端盖电性连接的锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路、及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，其中，所述充放电控制器一端设有正极接触点外露于外封装壳体的正极端盖，所述正极接触点作为通用型充电电池的正电极；所述负极端盖一端设有一外露于外封装壳体的负极接触点，所述负极接触点作为通用型充电电池的负电极。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，其中，所述锂离子电池选用外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池、外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池，或者，通过集流装置接入的数只并联的外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池、数只并联的外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池、数只并联的软包封装单体锂离子电池；所述通用型充电电池为R20充电电池或R14充电电池；所述通用型充电电池采用计算机USB接口或通用型锂离子电池充电适配器作为充电电源对通用型充电电池充电。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，其中，所述正极端盖、外封装壳体、负极端盖、充放电控制器壳体及正极焊接片均采用具有高导热率、高导电性能的金属材料制造而成；所述外封装壳体的成型工艺为采用预制薄壁管材成型，或采用板材滚筒成型，或采用板材卷筒成型；所述充放电控制器壳体的成型工艺为采用预制薄壁管材成型，或采用板材滚筒成型，或采用板材卷筒成型；所述充放电控制器支架采用导光型绝缘材料制造而成，用于安装充放电控制电路焊装体，并将用来显示通用型充电电池充电状态的发光二极管发出的光信号传导至通用型充电电池外部。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，其中，所述通用型充电电池具有接入充电电源的充电状态与脱离充电电源的放电状态，在充电状态时，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测锂离子电池的温度，当锂离子电池的温度上升至设定的充电上限温度时，控制所述锂离子电池充电控制电路停止对锂离子电池充电，并在锂离子电池的温度下降至低于设定的充电上限温度减回差温度时再次恢复充电；在放电状态时，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测锂离子电池的温度，在锂离子电池的温度上升至设定的放电上限温度时，控制所述DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路停止稳压输出，并在锂离子电池的温度下降至低于设定的放电上限温度减回差温度时再次恢复稳压输出。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，其中，所述通用型充电电池处于充电状态时，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测到接入的充电电压，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出，所述锂离子电池充电控制电路检测所述锂离子电池的输出电压，并根据所述锂离子电池的输出电压状态选择以涓流充电、恒流充电或恒压充电方式对锂离子电池进行充电，在充电过程中，所述锂离子电池充电控制电路检测充电电源的最大允许输出电流，在充电电源最大允许输出电流小于设定的充电电流值时，以充电电源的最大允许输出电流对锂离子电池进行充电，在恒压充电状态的充电电流降至设定的充满判定电流时，停止对锂离子电池充电；所述通用型充电电池处于放电状态时，所述锂离子电池检测电路控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路开启稳压输出，所述锂离子电池检测电路监测锂离子电池的输出电压，并根据锂离子电池的输出电压状态控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路的输出反馈深度，在锂离子电池输出电压高于低电量电压VL时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路将锂离子电池的输出电压降为第一输出电压稳压输出，在锂离子电池输出电压等于或低于低电量电压VL时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路将锂离子电池的输出电压降为第二输出电压稳压输出，在锂离子电池输出电压等于或低于放电截止电压VD时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出；
    所述VL为设定的锂离子电池低电量电压，VD为设定的锂离子电池放电截止电压，所述第一输出电压为1.35V～1.725V，所述第二输出电压为0.9V～1.35V；优选的，所述第一输出电压为1.5V，所述第二输出电压为1.1V。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，其中，所述充放电控制器结构：采用在充放电控制器壳体内装配充放电控制 器支架、充放电控制电路焊装体，并将充放电控制器壳体滚边封口后，将充放电控制器壳体褶边焊接在PCB电路基板的锂离子电池充放电控制电路V-端的敷铜部位构成；所述充放电控制电路焊装体电路结构：采用在PCB电路基板的正面焊装锂离子电池充放电控制电路的元器件和正极端盖，在PCB电路基板的背面焊装正极焊接片，并将充放电控制器壳体与PCB电路基板焊接构成。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池，其中，所述锂离子电池充放电控制电路包括：锂离子电池、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片、集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片、第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻、第四电阻、第五电阻、第六电阻、第七电阻、第八电阻、第九电阻、第十电阻、第十一电阻、第十二电阻、负温度系数热敏电阻、发光二极管、第一电感、第二电感、第一电容、第二电容、第三电容、第四电容；其中，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片、第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻、第一电容、第二电容、第四电容、第一电感、发光二极管构成锂离子电池充电控制电路，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片、第四电阻、第五电阻、第六电阻、负温度系数热敏电阻构成锂离子电池检测电路，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片、第七电阻、第八电阻、第九电阻、第十电阻、第十一电阻、第十二电阻、第二电感、第二电容、第三电容、第四电容构成DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路；所述锂离子电池的正极接节点Jb+，锂离子电池的负极接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端；所述集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电电源输入引脚接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端和第四电容的正极，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的电源地引脚接第二电容的负极、第四电容的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号地引脚接第一电容的负极、第四电容的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的热敏电阻接入引脚接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号地引脚，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电输出及检测引脚接锂离子电池的正极和第二电容的正极，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电状态输出引脚接发光二极管的阴极，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电电流设置引脚接第二电阻的一端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的输出跟踪检测引脚接第一电容的正极和第一电感的一端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯 片的调制输出引脚接第一电感的另一端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电使能引脚接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的充电控制引脚和第三电阻的一端；所述集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的锂离子电池接入引脚接锂离子电池的正极，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的电源地引脚接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的温度检测设置引脚接节点P1，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的NTC电压检测引脚接分压点P2，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的充电电源接入引脚接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的充电控制引脚接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电使能引脚，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的放电控制引脚接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输出使能引脚，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的放电反馈控制引脚接节点P3，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的充余电能释放引脚接第六电阻的一端；所述集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的功率电源输入引脚接锂离子电池的正极和第二电容的正极，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号电源输入引脚接锂离子电池的正极和第二电容的正极，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的电源地引脚接第二电容的负极、第四电容的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚接第二电容的负极、第三电容的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的误差放大器外部补偿引脚接第十二电阻的一端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的震荡器外部设定引脚接第十一电阻的一端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的反馈输入引脚接分压点P4，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输出使能引脚接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的放电控制引脚和第七电阻的一端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的调制输出引脚接第二电感的一端；所述第一电阻为发光二极管的限流电阻，第一电阻一端接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，另一端接发光二极管的阳极；所述第二电阻为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电电流设置电阻，第二电阻一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电电流设置引脚，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号地引脚；所述第三电阻为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片充电使能引脚的上拉电阻，第三电阻一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电使能引脚，另一端接锂离子电池的正极；所述第四电阻为分压点P2的上偏置分压电阻，第四电阻一端接锂离子电池的正极，另一端接第五电阻于节点 P1；所述第五电阻为分压点P2的上偏置分压电阻，第五电阻一端接第四电阻于节点P1，另一端接负温度系数热敏电阻于分压点P2；所述第六电阻为第四电容的充电剩余电能放电限流电阻，第六电阻一端接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的充余电能释放引脚，另一端接第四电容的正极；所述第七电阻为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片输出使能引脚的上拉电阻，第七电阻一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输出使能引脚，另一端接锂离子电池的正极；所述第八电阻为分压点P4的上偏置分压电阻，第八电阻一端接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，另一端接第九电阻于分压点P4；所述第九电阻为分压点P4的下偏置分压电阻，第九电阻一端接第八电阻于分压点P4，另一端接第十电阻于节点P3；所述第十电阻为分压点P4的下偏置分压电阻，第十电阻一端接第九电阻于节点P3，另一端接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的电源地引脚和集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚；所述第十一电阻为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的震荡频率设定电阻，第十一电阻一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的震荡器外部设定引脚，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚；所述第十二电阻为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的误差放大器补偿回路电阻，第十二电阻一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的误差放大器外部补偿引脚，另一端接第三电容的一端；所述负温度系数热敏电阻为锂离子电池温度传感的负温度系数热敏电阻，负温度系数热敏电阻一端接第五电阻于分压点P2，另一端接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的电源地引脚，负温度系数热敏电阻的本体绝缘部分贴靠在与锂离子电池输出电极连接的导热电路结构上；所述发光二极管为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电工作状态显示发光二极管，发光二极管的阳极接第一电阻的另一端，发光二极管的阴极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电状态输出引脚；所述第一电感为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的输出滤波及补偿电感，第一电感一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的输出跟踪检测引脚和第一电容的正极，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的调制输出引脚；所述第二电感为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输出滤波及补偿电感，第二电感一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的调制输出引脚，另一端接第四电容的正极和锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端；所述第一电容为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电输出滤波及补偿电容，第一电容的正极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的输出跟踪检测引脚和第一电感的一端，第一电容的负极接集成 DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的电源地引脚、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号地引脚及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端；所述第二电容为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电输出滤波电容和集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输入滤波及补偿电容，第二电容的正极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电输出及检测引脚、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号电源输入引脚及集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的功率电源输入引脚，第二电容的负极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的电源地引脚、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号地引脚、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚及集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的电源地引脚；所述第三电容为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的误差放大器补偿回路电容，第三电容的一端接第十二电阻的另一端，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚；所述第四电容为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的输入滤波及补偿电容和集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输出滤波及补偿电容，第四电容的正极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电电源输入引脚和第二电感及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，第四电容的负极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的电源地引脚、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的电源地引脚、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号 地引脚及集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚；所述集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的型号为MGS2520A或MGS2520B或MGS2520C，所述集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的型号为MGS1700A或MGS1700B，所述集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的型号为MGS3050或MGS3035。
  9. 一种采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池的控制方法，其中，采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池包括：外封装壳体，以及该外封装壳体内依次压合组装的充放电控制器、正极焊接片、锂离子电池、及负极端盖；所述充放电控制器包括：充放电控制器壳体，以及设于充放电控制器壳体内的充放电控制电路焊装体、充放电控制器支架，所述充放电控制电路焊装体焊装有锂离子电池充放电控制电路，该锂离子电池充放电控制电路包括：焊装在电路基板上且分别与锂离子电池、正极端盖、及通过充放电控制器壳体和外封装壳体与负极端盖电性连接的锂离子电池充电控制电路、锂离子电池检测电路、及DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路；
    所述通用型充电电池的充电和放电控制方法包括以下控制条件：
    控制条件一，当充电电源接入通用型充电电池时，所述锂离子电池检 测电路检测到接入的充电电压，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路和锂离子电池充电控制电路进入充电状态，在充电状态，DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出，锂离子电池充电控制电路开启对锂离子电池进行充电；
    控制条件二，在充电状态，所述锂离子电池充电控制电路检测所述锂离子电池的输出电压，并根据所述锂离子电池的输出电压状态选择以涓流充电、恒流充电或恒压充电方式对锂离子电池进行充电，在充电过程中，所述锂离子电池充电控制电路检测充电电源的最大允许输出电流，在充电电源最大允许输出电流小于设定的充电电流值时，以充电电源的最大允许输出电流对锂离子电池进行充电，当恒压充电状态的充电电流降为设定的充满态判定电流时，停止对锂离子电池的充电；
    控制条件三，当充电电源脱离通用型充电电池时，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测到充电电源脱离，将充电过程中滤波电容存储的多余电能释放掉，使通用型充电电池的正负电极间电压快速降至等于或低于最大开路电压，并控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路和锂离子电池充电控制电路进入放电状态，在放电状态，锂离子电池充电控制电路关闭充电输出，DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路开启稳压放电，并按控制条件四稳压放电输出；
    控制条件四，在放电状态，所述锂离子电池检测电路监测锂离子电池的输出电压，并控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路的输出反馈深度，在锂离子电池输出电压高于低电量电压VL时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路将锂离子电池输出电压降为第一输出电压稳压输出；在锂离子电池输出电压高于放电截止电压VD但等于或低于低电量电压VL时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路将锂离子电池输出电压降为第二输出电压稳压输出，并在锂离子电池充电后的输出电压高于VL+△V1时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路恢复第一输出电压稳压输出；VL为设定的锂离子电池低电量电压，△V1为设定的锂离子电池低电量电压检测门限的回差电压，VD为设定的锂离子电池放电截止电压；
    控制条件五，在放电状态，所述锂离子电池检测电路监测锂离子电池的输出电压，在锂离子电池输出电压降至等于或低于放电截止电压VD时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出，并在锂离子电池充电后的输出电压高于VD+△V2时，按控制条件四恢复稳压输出；△V2为设定的锂离子电池放电截止电压检测门限的回差电压；
    控制条件六，在对通用型充电电池充电过程中，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测锂离子电池的温度，在锂离子电池的温度上升至充电上限温度 TCH时，控制所述锂离子电池充电控制电路停止对锂离子电池充电，并在锂离子电池的温度下降至低于TCH-△T1时再次恢复充电，TCH为设定的锂离子电池充电上限温度，△T1为设定的TCH检测门限的回差电压对应的回差温度；
    控制条件七，在通用型充电电池放电过程中，所述锂离子电池检测电路检测锂离子电池的温度，在锂离子电池的温度上升至放电上限温度TDH时，控制所述DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路停止稳压输出，并在锂离子电池的温度下降至低于TDH-△T2时再次恢复稳压输出，TDH为设定的锂离子电池放电上限温度，△T2为设定的TDH检测门限的回差电压对应的回差温度；
    当控制条件一给出充电电源接入通用型充电电池，且控制条件六允许对锂离子电池充电时，按照控制条件二对锂离子电池进行充电，当控制条件六不允许对锂离子电池进行充电时，停止对锂离子电池充电；
    当控制条件三给出通用型充电电池脱离充电电源，且控制条件五和控制条件七均允许锂离子电池放电输出时，按照控制条件四将锂离子电池输出电能降压并稳压输出，当控制条件五或控制条件七其中之一不允许锂离子电池放电输出时，控制DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路关闭稳压输出。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池的控制方法，其中，所述充放电控制器一端设有正极接触点外露于外封装壳体的正极端盖，所述正极接触点作为通用型充电电池的正电极；所述负极端盖一端设有一外露于外封装壳体的负极接触点，所述负极接触点作为通用型充电电池的负电极；所述锂离子电池选用外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池、外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池，或者，通过集流装置接入的数只并联的外壳负极封装单体锂离子电池、数只并联的外壳正极封装单体锂离子电池、数只并联的软包封装单体锂离子电池；所述通用型充电电池为R20充电电池或R14充电电池；所述通用型充电电池采用计算机USB接口或通用型锂离子电池充电适配器作为充电电源对通用型充电电池充电；所述第一输出电压为1.35V～1.725V，所述第二输出电压为0.9V～1.35V，所述最大开路电压为1.5V～1.725V；优选的，所述第一输出电压为1.5V，所述第二输出电压为1.1V，所述最大开路电压为1.65V。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池的控制方法，其中，所述正极端盖、外封装壳体、负极端盖、充放电控制器壳体及正极焊接片均采用具有高导热率、高导电性能的金属材料制造而成；所述外封装壳体的成型工艺为采用预制薄壁管材成型，或采用板材滚筒成 型，或采用板材卷筒成型；所述充放电控制器壳体的成型工艺为采用预制薄壁管材成型，或采用板材滚筒成型，或采用板材卷筒成型；所述充放电控制器支架采用导光型绝缘材料制造而成，用于安装充放电控制电路焊装体，并将用来显示通用型充电电池充电状态的发光二极管发出的光信号传导至通用型充电电池外部。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池的控制方法，其中，所述充放电控制器结构：采用在充放电控制器壳体内装配充放电控制器支架、充放电控制电路焊装体，并将充放电控制器壳体滚边封口后，将充放电控制器壳体褶边焊接在PCB电路基板的锂离子电池充放电控制电路V-端的敷铜部位构成；所述充放电控制电路焊装体电路结构：采用在PCB电路基板的正面焊装锂离子电池充放电控制电路的元器件和正极端盖，在PCB电路基板的背面焊装正极焊接片，并将充放电控制器壳体与PCB电路基板焊接构成。
  13. 如权利要求9所述的采用锂离子电池构成的通用型充电电池的控制方法，其中，所述锂离子电池充放电控制电路包括：锂离子电池、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片、集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片、第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻、第四电阻、第五电阻、第六电阻、第七电阻、第八电阻、第九电阻、第十电阻、第十一电阻、第十二电阻、负温度系数热敏电阻、发光二极管、第一电感、第二电感、第一电容、第二电容、第三电容、第四电容；其中，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片、第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻、第一电容、第二电容、第四电容、第一电感、发光二极管构成锂离子电池充电控制电路，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片、第四电阻、第五电阻、第六电阻、负温度系数热敏电阻构成锂离子电池检测电路，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片、第七电阻、第八电阻、第九电阻、第十电阻、第十一电阻、第十二电阻、第二电感、第二电容、第三电容、第四电容构成DC-DC降压型稳压放电电路；所述锂离子电池的正极接节点Jb+，锂离子电池的负极接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端；所述集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电电源输入引脚接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端和第四电容的正极，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的电源地引脚接第二电容的负极、第四电容的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号地引脚接第一电容的负极、第四电容的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯 片的热敏电阻接入引脚接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号地引脚，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电输出及检测引脚接锂离子电池的正极和第二电容的正极，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电状态输出引脚接发光二极管的阴极，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电电流设置引脚接第二电阻的一端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的输出跟踪检测引脚接第一电容的正极和第一电感的一端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的调制输出引脚接第一电感的另一端，集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电使能引脚接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的充电控制引脚和第三电阻的一端；所述集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的锂离子电池接入引脚接锂离子电池的正极，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的电源地引脚接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的温度检测设置引脚接节点P1，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的NTC电压检测引脚接分压点P2，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的充电电源接入引脚接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的充电控制引脚接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电使能引脚，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的放电控制引脚接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输出使能引脚，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的放电反馈控制引脚接节点P3，集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的充余电能释放引脚接第六电阻的一端；所述集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的功率电源输入引脚接锂离子电池的正极和第二电容的正极，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号电源输入引脚接锂离子电池的正极和第二电容的正极，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的电源地引脚接第二电容的负极、第四电容的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚接第二电容的负极、第三电容的负极及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的误差放大器外部补偿引脚接第十二电阻的一端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的震荡器外部设定引脚接第十一电阻的一端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的反馈输入引脚接分压点P4，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输出使能引脚接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的放电控制引脚和第七电阻的一端，集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的调制输出引脚接第二电感的一端；所述第一电阻为发光二极管的限流电阻，第一电阻一端接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，另一端接发光二极管的阳极；所述第二电阻为集成 DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电电流设置电阻，第二电阻一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电电流设置引脚，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号地引脚；所述第三电阻为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片充电使能引脚的上拉电阻，第三电阻一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电使能引脚，另一端接锂离子电池的正极；所述第四电阻为分压点P2的上偏置分压电阻，第四电阻一端接锂离子电池的正极，另一端接第五电阻于节点P1；所述第五电阻为分压点P2的上偏置分压电阻，第五电阻一端接第四电阻于节点P1，另一端接负温度系数热敏电阻于分压点P2；所述第六电阻为第四电容的充电剩余电能放电限流电阻，第六电阻一端接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的充余电能释放引脚，另一端接第四电容的正极；所述第七电阻为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片输出使能引脚的上拉电阻，第七电阻一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输出使能引脚，另一端接锂离子电池的正极；所述第八电阻为分压点P4的上偏置分压电阻，第八电阻一端接锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，另一端接第九电阻于分压点P4；所述第九电阻为分压点P4的下偏置分压电阻，第九电阻一端接第八电阻于分压点P4，另一端接第十电阻于节点P3；所述第十电阻为分压点P4的下偏置分压电阻，第十电阻一端接第九电阻于节点P3，另一端接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的电源地引脚和集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚；所述第十一电阻为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的震荡频率设定电阻，第十一电阻一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的震荡器外部设定引脚，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚；所述第十二电阻为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的误差放大器补偿回路电阻，第十二电阻一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的误差放大器外部补偿引脚，另一端接第三电容的一端；所述负温度系数热敏电阻为锂离子电池温度传感的负温度系数热敏电阻，负温度系数热敏电阻一端接第五电阻于分压点P2，另一端接集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的电源地引脚，负温度系数热敏电阻的本体绝缘部分贴靠在与锂离子电池输出电极连接的导热电路结构上；所述发光二极管为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电工作状态显示发光二极管，发光二极管的阳极接第一电阻的另一端，发光二极管的阴极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电状态输出引脚；所述第一电感为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的输出滤波及补偿电感，第一电感一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的输出跟踪检测 引脚和第一电容的正极，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的调制输出引脚；所述第二电感为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输出滤波及补偿电感，第二电感一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的调制输出引脚，另一端接第四电容的正极和锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端；所述第一电容为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电输出滤波及补偿电容，第一电容的正极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的输出跟踪检测引脚和第一电感的一端，第一电容的负极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的电源地引脚、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号地引脚及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V-端；所述第二电容为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电输出滤波电容和集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输入滤波及补偿电容，第二电容的正极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电输出及检测引脚、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号电源输入引脚及集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的功率电源输入引脚，第二电容的负极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的电源地引脚、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号地引脚、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚及集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的电源地引脚；所述第三电容为集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的误差放大器补偿回路电容，第三电容的一端接第十二电阻的另一端，另一端接集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚；所述第四电容为集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的输入滤波及补偿电容和集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的输出滤波及补偿电容，第四电容的正极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的充电电源输入引脚和第二电感及锂离子电池充放电控制电路的V+端，第四电容的负极接集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的电源地引脚、集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的电源地引脚、集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的信号 地引脚及集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的信号地引脚；所述集成DC-DC降压型锂离子电池充电控制芯片的型号为MGS2520A或MGS2520B或MGS2520C，所述集成锂离子电池充放电检测及控制芯片的型号为MGS1700A或MGS1700B，所述集成DC-DC降压型稳压芯片的型号为MGS3050或MGS3035。
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