WO2015030008A1 - Eel feed, method for raising eel fry, method for producing cultivated eels, and method for increasing amino acids in eel flesh - Google Patents
Eel feed, method for raising eel fry, method for producing cultivated eels, and method for increasing amino acids in eel flesh Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015030008A1 WO2015030008A1 PCT/JP2014/072326 JP2014072326W WO2015030008A1 WO 2015030008 A1 WO2015030008 A1 WO 2015030008A1 JP 2014072326 W JP2014072326 W JP 2014072326W WO 2015030008 A1 WO2015030008 A1 WO 2015030008A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an eel feed that can safely produce eels having an odor, taste, and texture comparable to natural eels, a method for growing eel fry using the feed, a method for producing cultured eels, and eel body
- the present invention relates to a method for increasing amino acids in meat.
- Eel is a fish belonging to the eel family Angullidae and is cultivated in neighboring countries in addition to Japan.
- farmed eels are produced by placing naturally collected white eels and larvae such as crocodile larvae in cultured ponds and raising them to adult eels.
- Cultured eels have a peculiar smell of farmed fish, and the content of amino acids, which are umami components, is low compared to natural eels, and the texture is often poor.
- the eel cultivated by the normal compound feed lacks the useful amino acid amount compared with the natural eel. Therefore, there is a need for a method for producing cultured eels that have a smell, taste and texture close to those of natural eels.
- a mixed feed based on fish meal obtained by drying blue fish such as sardines, mackerel, herring and horse mackerel is generally used as eel feed, but is included in blue fish such as sardines and horse mackerel.
- Unsaturated fatty acids are oxidized and converted into peroxy fatty acids by applying high heat in the process of formulating feeds, which is one of the causes of the unique smell of farmed fish.
- Eel farming begins with the rearing of the larvae, the white eel, and then the crocodile on which the glass eel grew.
- the present inventors have reported the example which gave the compound feed which added the giant clam surimi to the adult eel fish. However, the effect of improving the taste of eel was not always satisfactory.
- the present inventors have provided an eel feed containing raw materials derived from unused parts such as the shells of shells, heads, tails, and flakes, and tried to improve the taste of eels. An example is reported. However, it has been found that when this eel feed is given, eels are weakened, growth is suppressed, and the rate of sudden death increases. For this reason, the eel feed is not necessarily suitable as a commercial aquaculture feed.
- an object of the present invention is to enable an eel having an odor, taste, and texture comparable to those of a natural eel to grow safely and soundly without causing growth inhibition or disease. It is to provide a feed for use, a method for growing eel fry and a method for producing cultured eel. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing amino acids of eel meat that increases the umami component of cultured eel.
- the present inventor has a hard and sharp portion in the tail of the giant clam, which damages the internal organs of the eel (especially the esophagus), which weakens the eel and suppresses growth. And found that the rate of sudden death increases, leading to the present invention.
- the present invention relates to the following inventions.
- ⁇ 1> For eels made by adding raw materials derived from giant clams from the head (head crust and contents) and trunk (shells and meat), with the tails of the giant clams removed. feed.
- ⁇ 2> When the sum of the dry weights of the raw materials for the giant clam and each of the blended feeds is 100% by weight, the raw material for the giant clam is contained in an amount of 5% by weight to 45% by weight.
- Eel feed. ⁇ 3> The eel feed according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the blended feed is fish meal as a main component.
- ⁇ 4> The eel feed according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, further containing lactic acid bacteria.
- ⁇ 5> A method for growing eel fry, wherein the eel fry is fed with the eel feed according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>.
- ⁇ 6> The method for growing eel fry according to ⁇ 5>, wherein the eel fry is crocodile.
- ⁇ 7> A method for producing a cultured eel including a step of growing eel fry by the growth method according to ⁇ 5> or ⁇ 6>.
- ⁇ 8> A method for producing a cultured eel that feeds the eel feed according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4> to an adult eel.
- ⁇ 9> A method for increasing amino acid content of eel meat, wherein the eel feed is fed to the eel feed according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, and the amino acids contained in the eel meat content are increased.
- an eel feed that has high palatability for eel fry and adult eels, and can grow eels well.
- a cultured eel having an odor, taste and texture comparable to natural eels can be obtained.
- the amount of amino acids of eel meat can be increased by feeding the eel feed.
- Eel feed of the present invention is a raw material for eel that uses only the head (head crust and contents) and trunk (shell and meat) from which the caudal tail is removed. Is added to the mixed feed.
- "eel” is a concept including the eel fry called Shirasu eel and Croco and the adult eel which the eel fry grew. Details of eel fry and adult eel will be described later.
- the “raw material derived from shrimp” is a raw material derived from shrimp, and the shell, head contents, meat, tail, etc. of shrimp are kept raw or frozen, heated and dried. It is a concept that includes things. These are usually used after being chopped, crushed, pressed or grated. Specifically, the raw materials for giant clams are crushed into whole minced crusts, including shells, heads, and meat, and separated into minced shells, crustaceans, heads, and meats. , Pulverized and mixed necessary parts, and the like.
- Mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria), giant shrimp (Anchisquilla fasciata), European shrimp (Squilla mantis), shrimps (Harpiosquilla harpax), shrimp clover (Bathysquilla crassispinosa) Eel octopus (Upogebia major), Okinawa octopus family Thalassina.
- a giant clam (Oratosquilla oratoria) and an octopus (Upogebia major) are preferable.
- One of the features of the eel feed of the present invention is that it includes the heads (head crust and contents) of giant clams.
- the heads of giant clams are known to contain various enzymes, and because they contain shells, some fish are not suitable for aquaculture feed. In the case of eels, these enzymes, shells It becomes an excellent feed by including the part.
- the eel feed of the present invention includes the trunk part (shell and meat) of the giant clam.
- the crustacean shell has a higher amount of carbohydrate per unit weight and energy compared to the contents of the head and meat.
- the crustacean shell is usually a residue, which is excellent in terms of effective use of waste.
- the taste and texture are further improved as compared to the raw material derived from the giant clam consisting of the head and shell of the giant clam.
- the eel feed of the present invention has the greatest feature in that it does not include the tail of the giant clam. There is a hard and sharp part in the tail of the giant clam, and when eaten by an eel, the internal organs (especially the esophagus) of the eel are damaged. As a result, there is a problem in that the proportion of eels is weakened and growth is suppressed, or the rate of sudden death increases.
- the feed for eels of the present invention uses headed oysters that do not include the tails of mantis, so growth suppression and sudden death caused by feeding of the tail of the mantis does not occur, and the head of the mantis ( The taste and texture of eel derived from the head shell and contents) and the trunk (shell and meat) are further improved.
- the ratio of the head (head crust and contents) and trunk (shell and flesh) in the raw materials of giant clams is within the range where the odor unique to cultured fish can be sufficiently suppressed in consideration of the type of eel and the growth condition. As appropriate.
- the blended feed used as the raw material for the eel feed of the present invention is a mixture of various raw materials in appropriate proportions so as to sufficiently provide the nutrients necessary for eel growth. Specifically, it can be used as a well-known feed for cultured fish in which fish meal and other components are mixed. Examples of other components include starch, calcium phosphate, salt, yeast, and herbal extract.
- Examples of the raw material for fish meal include powder obtained by processing sardines, mackerel, herring, horse mackerel, etc., but other fish may be used.
- the seafood used as the raw material for the fish meal may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and is appropriately selected in consideration of the type of eel, growth state, cost, and the like.
- the mixed feed is mainly composed of fish meal.
- main component means that at least 50% by weight or more of the mixed feed is fish meal. If the proportion of fish meal in the blended feed is too small, the nutritional value of the feed may be insufficient and the growth of eels may deteriorate.
- the eel feed of the present invention may contain components other than the raw materials derived from the giant clam and the mixed feed. Suitable other ingredients include shellfish such as swordfish, clams and clams. Since the above-mentioned raw materials derived from giant clams are included, the odor peculiar to cultured fish is suppressed even when a fish meal-based mixed feed is used, but a cultured eel with less odor can be obtained by adding shellfish.
- shellfish such as swordfish, clams and clams. Since the above-mentioned raw materials derived from giant clams are included, the odor peculiar to cultured fish is suppressed even when a fish meal-based mixed feed is used, but a cultured eel with less odor can be obtained by adding shellfish.
- the eel feed of the present invention includes, as other ingredients, dried vegetables (particularly preferably powdered), lactic acid bacteria, active live bacteria such as butyric acid bacteria and saccharifying bacteria, and protein / lipolysis Digestive enzymes such as enzymes may be added.
- the eel feed of the present invention preferably contains lactic acid bacteria. Although the detailed mechanism is not clear, when the eel feed of the present invention contains lactic acid bacteria, it prevents the growth of bad bacteria, infectious bacteria, etc. Can suppress various diseases. By adding these, eel farming with higher growth efficiency and yield can be achieved.
- the eel feed of the present invention can be produced by mixing a mixed feed (and other components as required) with the giant clam-derived raw material. Moreover, you may add water, oil, etc. as needed so that it may be easy to make a bait.
- the proportion of raw material derived from giant clam in the eel feed is determined within a range that does not cause growth inhibition or disease without deteriorating the smell, taste and texture of cultured eel produced. It is appropriately selected in consideration of the growth state (fry or parent fish), but when the total dry weight of each of the raw materials for the giant clam and the mixed feed is 100% by weight, the raw material for the giant clam is 5% by weight.
- the content is preferably 45% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or more and 45% by weight or less, and still more preferably 20% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less. If less than 5% by weight of raw material derived from the giant shrimp, there is a risk that the effect of improving the growth of eels by the raw material derived from shrimp will not be observed. If it exceeds 45% by weight, the viscosity of the feed will be too low and it will be difficult to consolidate. The feed may disperse and the water may become dirty.
- the method for producing a cultured eel of the present invention is characterized in that the cultured eel is fed with the eel feed of the present invention described above. As described above, by feeding and cultivating the eel feed of the present invention containing the raw material from the giant clam, the odor peculiar to the cultured fish is reduced from the cultured eel, and the taste and texture are also improved.
- the method for producing cultured eels of the present invention includes “a method for growing eel fry” for eel fry and “a method for producing a cultured eel for eel adult fish”. It shall be referred to as “aquaculture eel production method”.
- Japanese eels As eels to be cultured, Japanese eels (Japonica eels, Anguilla japonica) and foreign eels (non-Japonica eels) are targeted, but Japanese eels are preferred.
- the production method of the cultured eel of the present invention is for eel fry to adult eel.
- the eel larvae to be cultured may be either artificially hatched or natural, but natural glass eel or crocodile is usually used.
- the eel fry referred to in the present invention is a concept including from white eels having a body weight of less than 0.5 g and a body length of less than 6 cm to a crocodile having a body weight of 0.5 g to 100 g (body length of 6 cm or more).
- the eel hatching larvae that contain the crocodile and grow from the egg to the glass eel are excluded.
- an eel adult fish means the eel which grew from the said eel fry.
- Adult eels are usually shipped as eel parent fish grown to about 200-330g.
- the growth method of the eel fry of the present invention is characterized by feeding the eel fry with the above-described eel feed of the present invention. That is, it is a method of feeding the eel feed of the present invention during the period of eel fry with high mortality (white eel, crocodile).
- the eel feed of the present invention has good palatability for eel fry as well as grown eel adult fish.
- Eel fry to be grown is preferably crocodile. Suppression of growth of eel fry and improvement in mortality are likely to occur at the time of croko (weight 0.5g to 100g, body length 6cm or more) from eel fry to eel adult fish. Therefore, when the eel feed of the present invention is fed and grown at least at the time of the crocodile in the eel to be cultured, growth inhibition and mortality are reduced, and it is possible to grow up to adult eels.
- croko weight 0.5g to 100g, body length 6cm or more
- the eel feed of the present invention it is preferable to give the eel feed of the present invention to the entire breeding period until the eel fry becomes a eel parent fish. That is, it is preferable to feed the eel feed of the present invention to a grown eel that includes the step of growing eel fry by the above method.
- the odor, taste, and texture of cultured eels are particularly affected by the adult eel season, so even if the eel fry is not supplied with the eel feed of the present invention, the eels that have grown to adult eels will be affected.
- the cultured eel may be produced by feeding the eel feed of the invention. In particular, it may be given only for a period from 60 days before shipment (preferably 90 days before) to shipment, which particularly affects the smell, taste and texture of cultured eel.
- the amino acid of the eel meat can be increased by the method of feeding the eel with the eel feed of the present invention.
- the amino acid to be increased include methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glycine, alanine, proline, arginine and the like.
- amino acids in eel meat increases in glycine, alanine, proline and arginine, which are indicators of umami components, are observed, and glycine, alanine and proline are particularly increased.
- the cultured eel produced by the production method of the present invention increases the amount of amino acids related to the umami component of eel meat, and has an odor, taste and texture comparable to natural eels.
- eel feed of Example 1 (20% added feed)
- the eel feed of Example 1 was produced as follows. Frozen mantis was thawed and used as a mantis-derived material. The frozen clam includes a head (crust portion and contents) and a torso (crust portion and flesh) except for the tail of the clam (hereinafter referred to as “headed clam”).
- a mixed feed a mixed feed comprising fish meal (74% by weight), pregelatinized starch (23% by weight), and the balance (3% by weight) consisting of calcium phosphate, salt, feed yeast and licorice extract was used.
- Example 1 the feed for eels of Example 1 may be hereinafter referred to as “20% added feed” on the basis of the dry weight of the giant clam-derived material.
- Eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed)
- the raw material and compound feed which are the same as the feed for eels of Example 1 were used as a raw material.
- 160 g of water was added to 160 g (dry weight 40 g) of the frozen giant clam and mixed with a mixer to obtain a giant mince.
- the total amount of the obtained citrus mince and 60 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed were sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and the eel feed of Example 2 was obtained.
- the feed for eels of Example 2 may be hereinafter referred to as “40% added feed” on the basis of the dry weight of the giant clam-derived material.
- Eel feed for Example 3 (50% added feed)
- the raw material and compound feed which are the same as the feed for eels of Example 1 were used as a raw material.
- 50 g of water was added to 200 g of frozen giant clam (dry weight 50 g), and the mixture was mixed with a mixer to obtain giant clam mince.
- the total amount of the obtained citrus mince and 50 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed were sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and the eel feed of Example 3 was obtained.
- the feed for eels of Example 3 may be hereinafter referred to as “50% added feed” on a dry weight basis of the giant clam-derived material.
- Tables 2 and 3 show the composition of the mixed feed and the eel feeds of Examples 1 and 2.
- Table 2 shows values including moisture
- Table 3 shows values on a dry weight basis.
- the growth status was examined by measuring the total length (mm), preanal length (mm), and body weight (g) of the eel to be measured. Evaluation was performed on 30 individuals arbitrarily selected the day after the delivered eels were placed in a 6-sided aquarium, and grown on the A-1, A-4, and A-6 sections 60 days after the start of the cultivation. The above-mentioned evaluation was performed for each 20 eels, and the growth status was compared. In the component analysis, five eels each grown in the sections A-1, A-4, and A-6 were taken out, and component analysis was performed on the components of the meat part of the eel from which the skin was removed. In addition, the component analysis was carried out at the Fukuoka Prefectural Industrial Technology Center Biofood Research Laboratory.
- Table 4 shows the eel growth status 60 days after the start of breeding.
- the eels in the sections (A-4, A-6) fed with the eel feed of Examples 1 and 2 had all the length (increased), preanal length, and body weight controlled. It was confirmed that it was larger than the section (A-1).
- the results of the growth evaluation are the results of the eel feed of Examples 1 and 2. It means that the growth of eel is promoted by the raw material derived from the giant clam. In addition, it was confirmed that the eel growth was particularly good in the eel feed (40% added feed) of Example 2.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 show the analysis results of amino acids (threonine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine) contained in 100 g of eel meat 60 days after the start of feeding.
- 0% of the horizontal axis is eel (control group) cultivated only with mixed feed, 20% is eel cultivated using the eel feed of Example 1 (20% added feed), and 40% is implemented It is an eel farmed using the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed).
- threonine is 106% in eels cultured in the eel feed (added 20% feed) of Example 1 and eels cultured in the control group (mixed feed only), It was 151% among eels cultivated using eel feed (40% added feed).
- methionine was 111% in the eel cultured in the eel feed (added 20% feed) of Example 1 with respect to eel cultured in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 111% for eels cultured using eel feed (40% added feed).
- isoleucine was 111% in the eels cultured in the eel feed of Example 1 (20% added feed) versus eels cultured in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 107% for eels cultured using eel feed (40% added feed).
- leucine was 111% in eels cultured in the eel feed (20% added feed) of Example 1 versus eels cultured in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 107% for eels cultured using eel feed (40% added feed).
- tyrosine is 148% in the eels cultured in the eel feed (20% added feed) of Example 1 versus eels cultivated in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 129% for eels cultured using eel feed (40% added feed).
- phenylalanine is 150% in eels cultured in the eel feed (20% added feed) of Example 1 versus eels cultured in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 147% among eels cultivated using eel feed (40% added feed).
- Table 5 summarizes the results of amino acid evaluation of cultured eel meat in aquaculture test 1.
- Aquaculture test 2 Using the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed), an eel aquaculture test was conducted, the amino acid component, which is an umami component contained in the eel meat, was evaluated, Compared to natural eel.
- the aquaculture test used two 5-ton water tanks (approximately 2 tons of water) as test zones. As an eel to be evaluated, 200 cultured eels (about 200 g in size) produced in Kagoshima Prefecture were used. Each of these eels was placed in two aquariums (B-1, B-2), and each was fed with a mixed feed that did not contain a raw material from the giant shrimp, until the feeding was stabilized.
- the growth state of the rice was evaluated. Eels were fed once a day, and the feed amount was calculated with 1.6% by weight of eel body weight as a guide. In addition, the amount of feeding was varied in the range of 100 to 500 g depending on the situation such as the growth state of eels.
- amino acids glycine, alanine, proline, arginine, and histidine
- the same amino acid analysis was performed also about the natural eel (from Saga Prefecture) as a reference example.
- the evaluated amino acid corresponds to an amino acid that serves as an index for the umami taste of eel.
- Table 6 summarizes the results of amino acid evaluation of cultured eel meat in the aquaculture test 2.
- a numerical value is the amount of amino acids (mg) contained in 100 g of eel meat.
- Table 6 it can be seen that the eels cultured using the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed) have an amino acid content comparable to that of the natural eel.
- the amino acid content (relative value) of eel cultured using the eel feed (40% added feed) of Example 2 when the amino acid content of the eel cultured in the control group (mixed feed only) is 100% is glycine. They were 178%, alanine 123%, proline 144%, and arginine 114%.
- Eel and natural eel cultivated in aquaculture test 2 were cooked in white grill and evaluated for odor, taste and texture.
- Eel cultivated in the control group had a unique smell of cultured fish, The texture was inferior to natural eels.
- the eels cultured using the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed) did not feel the unique smell of cultured fish, and the taste and texture were inferior compared to natural eels. From this result, it was confirmed that by giving the eel feed of the present invention from about 90 days before shipment, a cultured eel comparable to the natural eel can be produced.
- the eel feed B was produced as follows. First, 90 g of water was added to 80 g of frozen headed oysters (dry weight: about 20 g) as in Example 1, and mixed with a mixer to obtain a minced meat. The total amount of the obtained minced minced meat, 70 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed and 30 g of water are sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and further 0.1 g of dried vegetables, water-soluble tourase (registered trademark) containing lactic acid bacteria, etc. Eel feed B was obtained by adding and kneading 0.20 g of Toa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and 0.05 g of vegetable oil.
- Eel feed A, B, and C were given, and fully grown cultured eels were cooked on a white grill and evaluated for odor, taste, and texture.
- Eels cultivated with eel feed C control group smelled peculiar to farmed fish, and the taste and texture were inferior to natural eels.
- eels cultivated with eel feed A and B did not feel the unique smell of farmed fish, and both taste and texture were good.
- the eel fed with the eel feed B containing lactic acid bacteria was better than the eel feed A in both taste, texture and smell.
- the eel feed and the cultured eel production method of the present invention can produce cultured eels that have an odor, taste and texture comparable to natural eels. Furthermore, since residues such as heads and shells can be effectively used in addition to the clam meat that is usually discarded, it can contribute to the reduction of industrial waste.
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Abstract
Provided are an eel feed, a method for raising eel fry, and a method for producing cultivated eels, capable of producing cultivated eels having an aroma, flavor, and eating feel equal to that of natural eels. An eel feed obtained by adding to a mixed feed a raw material derived from mantis shrimp, in which only the tail portion is removed from the mantis shrimp and the head portion (head shell and content) and body portion (shell and flesh) are used as raw ingredients. The eel feed is appropriate not only as a feed for adult eel but also for eel fry. By cultivating eels using the eel feed, cultivated eels can be produced that have an aroma, flavor, and eating feel equal to that of natural eels. By giving the eel feed to cultivated eels, the amount of various amino acids in the flesh of the eels is increased.
Description
(優先権情報)
本出願は、2013年8月29日に出願された日本国特許出願特願2013-178275号に対し優先権を主張する。当該日本国出願の内容は、本明細書中に組み込まれる。当該日本国特許出願は、2014年2月28日付で日本国特許第5485457号として設定登録されている。 (Priority information)
This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-178275 filed on Aug. 29, 2013. The contents of the Japanese application are incorporated herein. The Japanese patent application was set and registered as Japanese Patent No. 5485457 on February 28, 2014.
本出願は、2013年8月29日に出願された日本国特許出願特願2013-178275号に対し優先権を主張する。当該日本国出願の内容は、本明細書中に組み込まれる。当該日本国特許出願は、2014年2月28日付で日本国特許第5485457号として設定登録されている。 (Priority information)
This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-178275 filed on Aug. 29, 2013. The contents of the Japanese application are incorporated herein. The Japanese patent application was set and registered as Japanese Patent No. 5485457 on February 28, 2014.
本発明は、天然ウナギに匹敵する匂い、味、食感を有するウナギを安全に生産することのできるウナギ用飼料、該飼料を使用したウナギ稚魚の成育方法及び養殖ウナギの生産方法、並びにウナギ身肉のアミノ酸増加方法に関する。
The present invention relates to an eel feed that can safely produce eels having an odor, taste, and texture comparable to natural eels, a method for growing eel fry using the feed, a method for producing cultured eels, and eel body The present invention relates to a method for increasing amino acids in meat.
ウナギは、ウナギ目ウナギ科Anguillidaeに属する魚類であり、日本に加えて周辺諸国でも養殖されている。一般的に養殖ウナギは、天然で採取したシラスウナギやその成長体であるクロコ等のウナギの稚魚を養殖池に入れ、ウナギ成魚まで育成することで生産されている。養殖ウナギは、養殖魚独特の匂いがあり、また、天然ウナギと比較してうまみ成分であるアミノ酸の含有量が少なく、食感が悪いことが多い。また、通常の配合飼料で養殖されたウナギは、天然ウナギと比較して有用なアミノ酸量が不足していることが知られている。そのため、天然ウナギに近い、匂い、味及び食感を有する養殖ウナギを生産する方法が求められている。
Eel is a fish belonging to the eel family Angullidae and is cultivated in neighboring countries in addition to Japan. In general, farmed eels are produced by placing naturally collected white eels and larvae such as crocodile larvae in cultured ponds and raising them to adult eels. Cultured eels have a peculiar smell of farmed fish, and the content of amino acids, which are umami components, is low compared to natural eels, and the texture is often poor. Moreover, it is known that the eel cultivated by the normal compound feed lacks the useful amino acid amount compared with the natural eel. Therefore, there is a need for a method for producing cultured eels that have a smell, taste and texture close to those of natural eels.
ウナギの養殖において、ウナギ用飼料として、イワシ、サバ、ニシン、アジ等の青魚を乾燥させた魚粉をベースとする配合飼料が一般的に用いられているが、イワシ、アジ等の青魚に含まれる不飽和脂肪酸が、配合飼料の製造過程において高熱を加えられることによって酸化されて過酸化脂肪酸に変化し、養殖魚独特の匂いの原因のひとつとなっている。
ウナギの養殖は、その稚魚であるシラスウナギ、次いでシラスウナギが成長したクロコの飼育から始まる。近年、天然のシラスウナギやクロコ等のウナギ稚魚が激減しており、養殖時の生産性を向上させることが求められている。そのため、シラスウナギやクロコ等のウナギ稚魚による嗜好性が良好で、且つ、安全なウナギ用飼料が求められている。ウナギ用飼料として、例えば、特許文献1や特許文献2の飼料が報告されているが、上述の従来のウナギ用飼料では、ウナギ稚魚の嗜好性が必ずしも良くなく、また、ウナギ稚魚に病気が発生する場合があった。さらには、生産される養殖ウナギに養殖魚独特の匂いがあり、栄養価も天然ウナギと比較して少ないものであった。 In eel aquaculture, a mixed feed based on fish meal obtained by drying blue fish such as sardines, mackerel, herring and horse mackerel is generally used as eel feed, but is included in blue fish such as sardines and horse mackerel. Unsaturated fatty acids are oxidized and converted into peroxy fatty acids by applying high heat in the process of formulating feeds, which is one of the causes of the unique smell of farmed fish.
Eel farming begins with the rearing of the larvae, the white eel, and then the crocodile on which the glass eel grew. In recent years, eel fry such as natural glass eel and crocodile has been drastically reduced, and it is required to improve productivity during aquaculture. Therefore, there is a demand for a eel feed that has good palatability with eel fry such as white eel and crocodile and is safe. As feeds for eels, for example, the feeds of Patent Document 1 andPatent Document 2 have been reported. However, the above-described conventional feeds for eels do not necessarily have good palatability for eel fry, and diseases occur in eel fry. There was a case. Furthermore, the cultured eel produced has a characteristic odor of cultured fish, and its nutritional value is less than that of the natural eel.
ウナギの養殖は、その稚魚であるシラスウナギ、次いでシラスウナギが成長したクロコの飼育から始まる。近年、天然のシラスウナギやクロコ等のウナギ稚魚が激減しており、養殖時の生産性を向上させることが求められている。そのため、シラスウナギやクロコ等のウナギ稚魚による嗜好性が良好で、且つ、安全なウナギ用飼料が求められている。ウナギ用飼料として、例えば、特許文献1や特許文献2の飼料が報告されているが、上述の従来のウナギ用飼料では、ウナギ稚魚の嗜好性が必ずしも良くなく、また、ウナギ稚魚に病気が発生する場合があった。さらには、生産される養殖ウナギに養殖魚独特の匂いがあり、栄養価も天然ウナギと比較して少ないものであった。 In eel aquaculture, a mixed feed based on fish meal obtained by drying blue fish such as sardines, mackerel, herring and horse mackerel is generally used as eel feed, but is included in blue fish such as sardines and horse mackerel. Unsaturated fatty acids are oxidized and converted into peroxy fatty acids by applying high heat in the process of formulating feeds, which is one of the causes of the unique smell of farmed fish.
Eel farming begins with the rearing of the larvae, the white eel, and then the crocodile on which the glass eel grew. In recent years, eel fry such as natural glass eel and crocodile has been drastically reduced, and it is required to improve productivity during aquaculture. Therefore, there is a demand for a eel feed that has good palatability with eel fry such as white eel and crocodile and is safe. As feeds for eels, for example, the feeds of Patent Document 1 and
本発明らは、非特許文献1において、ウナギ成魚にシャコすり身を加えた配合飼料を与えた例を報告している。しかしながら、ウナギの食味改善効果は必ずしも満足できるものではなかった。
また、本発明らは、非特許文献2において、シャコの殻、頭部、尾部、はがれ落ちた身などの未利用部分に由来する原料を含むウナギ用飼料を与え、ウナギの食味改善を試みた例を報告している。しかしながら、このウナギ用飼料を与えると、ウナギが衰弱し、成長が抑制されたり、突然死する割合が増加することが判明した。そのため、当該ウナギ用飼料は、商業ベースの養殖用飼料としては必ずしも適しているといえなかった。 In the nonpatent literature 1, the present inventors have reported the example which gave the compound feed which added the giant clam surimi to the adult eel fish. However, the effect of improving the taste of eel was not always satisfactory.
In addition, in the Non-PatentDocument 2, the present inventors have provided an eel feed containing raw materials derived from unused parts such as the shells of shells, heads, tails, and flakes, and tried to improve the taste of eels. An example is reported. However, it has been found that when this eel feed is given, eels are weakened, growth is suppressed, and the rate of sudden death increases. For this reason, the eel feed is not necessarily suitable as a commercial aquaculture feed.
また、本発明らは、非特許文献2において、シャコの殻、頭部、尾部、はがれ落ちた身などの未利用部分に由来する原料を含むウナギ用飼料を与え、ウナギの食味改善を試みた例を報告している。しかしながら、このウナギ用飼料を与えると、ウナギが衰弱し、成長が抑制されたり、突然死する割合が増加することが判明した。そのため、当該ウナギ用飼料は、商業ベースの養殖用飼料としては必ずしも適しているといえなかった。 In the nonpatent literature 1, the present inventors have reported the example which gave the compound feed which added the giant clam surimi to the adult eel fish. However, the effect of improving the taste of eel was not always satisfactory.
In addition, in the Non-Patent
このように従来のウナギ用飼料や、ウナギの養殖方法においては改善の余地が残されていた。シラスウナギやクロコ等のウナギ稚魚による嗜好性が良好で取扱い性のよく、かつ、成長の抑制、病気の発生などを生ずることない飼料が望まれている。
かかる状況下、本発明の目的は、天然ウナギに匹敵する匂い、味、食感を備えたウナギを、成長の抑制、病気の発生を生ずることなく、安全に且つ健全に生育させることのできるウナギ用飼料、ウナギ稚魚の成育方法及び養殖ウナギの生産方法を提供することである。また、本発明の他の目的は、養殖ウナギのうま味成分を増加させるウナギ身肉のアミノ酸増加方法を提供することである。 Thus, there remains room for improvement in conventional eel feed and eel farming methods. A feed that has good palatability by eel fry such as white eel and crocodile, is easy to handle, and does not inhibit growth or cause disease is desired.
Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to enable an eel having an odor, taste, and texture comparable to those of a natural eel to grow safely and soundly without causing growth inhibition or disease. It is to provide a feed for use, a method for growing eel fry and a method for producing cultured eel. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing amino acids of eel meat that increases the umami component of cultured eel.
かかる状況下、本発明の目的は、天然ウナギに匹敵する匂い、味、食感を備えたウナギを、成長の抑制、病気の発生を生ずることなく、安全に且つ健全に生育させることのできるウナギ用飼料、ウナギ稚魚の成育方法及び養殖ウナギの生産方法を提供することである。また、本発明の他の目的は、養殖ウナギのうま味成分を増加させるウナギ身肉のアミノ酸増加方法を提供することである。 Thus, there remains room for improvement in conventional eel feed and eel farming methods. A feed that has good palatability by eel fry such as white eel and crocodile, is easy to handle, and does not inhibit growth or cause disease is desired.
Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to enable an eel having an odor, taste, and texture comparable to those of a natural eel to grow safely and soundly without causing growth inhibition or disease. It is to provide a feed for use, a method for growing eel fry and a method for producing cultured eel. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing amino acids of eel meat that increases the umami component of cultured eel.
本発明者は、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、シャコの尾部には固く鋭い部分があり、これがウナギの内臓(特に食道)を傷つけることによってウナギが衰弱し、成長が抑制されたり、突然死する割合が増加することを見出し、本発明に至った。
As a result of intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has a hard and sharp portion in the tail of the giant clam, which damages the internal organs of the eel (especially the esophagus), which weakens the eel and suppresses growth. And found that the rate of sudden death increases, leading to the present invention.
本発明は、以下の発明に係るものである。
<1> シャコ類の尾部のみを取り除いた、頭部(頭部甲殻及び内容物)及び胴体部(甲殻及び身肉)を原材料とするシャコ類由来原料を、配合飼料に添加してなるウナギ用飼料。
<2> 前記シャコ類由来原料及び前記配合飼料それぞれの乾燥重量の合計を100重量%としたときに、前記シャコ類由来原料が、5重量%以上45重量%以下含有される<1>に記載のウナギ用飼料。
<3> 前記配合飼料が、魚粉を主成分とする<1>または<2>に記載のウナギ用飼料。
<4> さらに乳酸菌を含有する<1>から<3>のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料。
<5> <1>から<4>のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料を、ウナギ稚魚に摂餌させるウナギ稚魚の成育方法。
<6> 前記ウナギ稚魚が、クロコである<5>に記載のウナギ稚魚の成育方法。
<7> <5>または<6>に記載の成育方法により、ウナギ稚魚を成育させる工程を含む養殖ウナギの生産方法。
<8> <1>から<4>のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料を、ウナギ成魚に摂餌させる養殖ウナギの生産方法。
<9> <1>から<4>のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料をウナギに摂餌させ、ウナギ身肉に含まれるアミノ酸を増加させるウナギ身肉のアミノ酸増加方法。
<10> 増加するアミノ酸が、グリシン、アラニン、プロリン及びアルギニンから選ばれる1種以上のアミノ酸である<9>に記載のウナギ身肉のアミノ酸増加方法。 The present invention relates to the following inventions.
<1> For eels made by adding raw materials derived from giant clams from the head (head crust and contents) and trunk (shells and meat), with the tails of the giant clams removed. feed.
<2> When the sum of the dry weights of the raw materials for the giant clam and each of the blended feeds is 100% by weight, the raw material for the giant clam is contained in an amount of 5% by weight to 45% by weight. Eel feed.
<3> The eel feed according to <1> or <2>, wherein the blended feed is fish meal as a main component.
<4> The eel feed according to any one of <1> to <3>, further containing lactic acid bacteria.
<5> A method for growing eel fry, wherein the eel fry is fed with the eel feed according to any one of <1> to <4>.
<6> The method for growing eel fry according to <5>, wherein the eel fry is crocodile.
<7> A method for producing a cultured eel including a step of growing eel fry by the growth method according to <5> or <6>.
<8> A method for producing a cultured eel that feeds the eel feed according to any one of <1> to <4> to an adult eel.
<9> A method for increasing amino acid content of eel meat, wherein the eel feed is fed to the eel feed according to any one of <1> to <4>, and the amino acids contained in the eel meat content are increased.
<10> The amino acid increasing method for eel meat according to <9>, wherein the increasing amino acid is one or more amino acids selected from glycine, alanine, proline and arginine.
<1> シャコ類の尾部のみを取り除いた、頭部(頭部甲殻及び内容物)及び胴体部(甲殻及び身肉)を原材料とするシャコ類由来原料を、配合飼料に添加してなるウナギ用飼料。
<2> 前記シャコ類由来原料及び前記配合飼料それぞれの乾燥重量の合計を100重量%としたときに、前記シャコ類由来原料が、5重量%以上45重量%以下含有される<1>に記載のウナギ用飼料。
<3> 前記配合飼料が、魚粉を主成分とする<1>または<2>に記載のウナギ用飼料。
<4> さらに乳酸菌を含有する<1>から<3>のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料。
<5> <1>から<4>のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料を、ウナギ稚魚に摂餌させるウナギ稚魚の成育方法。
<6> 前記ウナギ稚魚が、クロコである<5>に記載のウナギ稚魚の成育方法。
<7> <5>または<6>に記載の成育方法により、ウナギ稚魚を成育させる工程を含む養殖ウナギの生産方法。
<8> <1>から<4>のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料を、ウナギ成魚に摂餌させる養殖ウナギの生産方法。
<9> <1>から<4>のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料をウナギに摂餌させ、ウナギ身肉に含まれるアミノ酸を増加させるウナギ身肉のアミノ酸増加方法。
<10> 増加するアミノ酸が、グリシン、アラニン、プロリン及びアルギニンから選ばれる1種以上のアミノ酸である<9>に記載のウナギ身肉のアミノ酸増加方法。 The present invention relates to the following inventions.
<1> For eels made by adding raw materials derived from giant clams from the head (head crust and contents) and trunk (shells and meat), with the tails of the giant clams removed. feed.
<2> When the sum of the dry weights of the raw materials for the giant clam and each of the blended feeds is 100% by weight, the raw material for the giant clam is contained in an amount of 5% by weight to 45% by weight. Eel feed.
<3> The eel feed according to <1> or <2>, wherein the blended feed is fish meal as a main component.
<4> The eel feed according to any one of <1> to <3>, further containing lactic acid bacteria.
<5> A method for growing eel fry, wherein the eel fry is fed with the eel feed according to any one of <1> to <4>.
<6> The method for growing eel fry according to <5>, wherein the eel fry is crocodile.
<7> A method for producing a cultured eel including a step of growing eel fry by the growth method according to <5> or <6>.
<8> A method for producing a cultured eel that feeds the eel feed according to any one of <1> to <4> to an adult eel.
<9> A method for increasing amino acid content of eel meat, wherein the eel feed is fed to the eel feed according to any one of <1> to <4>, and the amino acids contained in the eel meat content are increased.
<10> The amino acid increasing method for eel meat according to <9>, wherein the increasing amino acid is one or more amino acids selected from glycine, alanine, proline and arginine.
本発明によれば、ウナギ稚魚およびウナギ成魚の嗜好性が高く、ウナギを良好に生育させることができるウナギ用飼料が提供される。該ウナギ用飼料を摂餌させて養殖することにより、天然ウナギに匹敵する匂い、味、食感を有する養殖ウナギを得ることができる。また、該ウナギ用飼料を摂餌させることにより、ウナギ身肉のアミノ酸量を増加させることができる。
According to the present invention, there is provided an eel feed that has high palatability for eel fry and adult eels, and can grow eels well. By feeding and cultivating the eel feed, a cultured eel having an odor, taste and texture comparable to natural eels can be obtained. Moreover, the amount of amino acids of eel meat can be increased by feeding the eel feed.
以下、本発明について例示物等を示して詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の例示物等に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において任意に変更して実施できる。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and the like, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples and the like, and can be arbitrarily modified and implemented without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[1]ウナギ用飼料
本発明のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類の尾部のみを取り除いた、頭部(頭部甲殻及び内容物)及び胴体部(甲殻及び身肉)を原材料とするシャコ類由来原料を、配合飼料に添加してなることを特徴とする。
なお、本明細書において、「ウナギ」とは、シラスウナギやクロコと称されるウナギ稚魚と、ウナギ稚魚が成長したウナギ成魚を含む概念である。ウナギ稚魚とウナギ成魚の詳細については後述する。 [1] Eel feed The eel feed of the present invention is a raw material for eel that uses only the head (head crust and contents) and trunk (shell and meat) from which the caudal tail is removed. Is added to the mixed feed.
In addition, in this specification, "eel" is a concept including the eel fry called Shirasu eel and Croco and the adult eel which the eel fry grew. Details of eel fry and adult eel will be described later.
本発明のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類の尾部のみを取り除いた、頭部(頭部甲殻及び内容物)及び胴体部(甲殻及び身肉)を原材料とするシャコ類由来原料を、配合飼料に添加してなることを特徴とする。
なお、本明細書において、「ウナギ」とは、シラスウナギやクロコと称されるウナギ稚魚と、ウナギ稚魚が成長したウナギ成魚を含む概念である。ウナギ稚魚とウナギ成魚の詳細については後述する。 [1] Eel feed The eel feed of the present invention is a raw material for eel that uses only the head (head crust and contents) and trunk (shell and meat) from which the caudal tail is removed. Is added to the mixed feed.
In addition, in this specification, "eel" is a concept including the eel fry called Shirasu eel and Croco and the adult eel which the eel fry grew. Details of eel fry and adult eel will be described later.
(シャコ類由来原料)
本明細書において、「シャコ類由来原料」とは、シャコ類に由来する原料であり、シャコ類の甲殻、頭部内容物、身肉、尾等を生のまま、あるいは冷凍、加熱、乾燥させたものを含む概念である。これらは、通常、細断、粉砕、圧搾またはすりおろして使用される。シャコ類由来原料は、具体的には、シャコ類を甲殻、頭部、身肉等を含んだまま丸ごと粉砕し、ミンチ状にしたもの、シャコ類の甲殻、頭部、身肉に分離した後、必要部分を粉砕し混合したもの、等が挙げられる。 (Shrimp-derived materials)
In the present specification, the “raw material derived from shrimp” is a raw material derived from shrimp, and the shell, head contents, meat, tail, etc. of shrimp are kept raw or frozen, heated and dried. It is a concept that includes things. These are usually used after being chopped, crushed, pressed or grated. Specifically, the raw materials for giant clams are crushed into whole minced crusts, including shells, heads, and meat, and separated into minced shells, crustaceans, heads, and meats. , Pulverized and mixed necessary parts, and the like.
本明細書において、「シャコ類由来原料」とは、シャコ類に由来する原料であり、シャコ類の甲殻、頭部内容物、身肉、尾等を生のまま、あるいは冷凍、加熱、乾燥させたものを含む概念である。これらは、通常、細断、粉砕、圧搾またはすりおろして使用される。シャコ類由来原料は、具体的には、シャコ類を甲殻、頭部、身肉等を含んだまま丸ごと粉砕し、ミンチ状にしたもの、シャコ類の甲殻、頭部、身肉に分離した後、必要部分を粉砕し混合したもの、等が挙げられる。 (Shrimp-derived materials)
In the present specification, the “raw material derived from shrimp” is a raw material derived from shrimp, and the shell, head contents, meat, tail, etc. of shrimp are kept raw or frozen, heated and dried. It is a concept that includes things. These are usually used after being chopped, crushed, pressed or grated. Specifically, the raw materials for giant clams are crushed into whole minced crusts, including shells, heads, and meat, and separated into minced shells, crustaceans, heads, and meats. , Pulverized and mixed necessary parts, and the like.
原料となるシャコ類としては、シャコ科のシャコ(Oratosquilla oratoria)、スジオシャコ(Anchisquilla fasciata)、ヨーロッパシャコ(Squilla mantis)、トゲシャコ科のトゲシャコ(Harpiosquilla harpax)、オキシャコ科のシリブトシャコ(Bathysquilla crassispinosa)、アナジャコ科のアナジャコ(Upogebia major)、オキナワアナジャコ科のオキナワアナジャコ(Thalassina)などが挙げられる。
この中でも、シャコ(Oratosquilla oratoria)、アナジャゴ(Upogebia major)が好ましい。 Mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria), giant shrimp (Anchisquilla fasciata), European shrimp (Squilla mantis), shrimps (Harpiosquilla harpax), shrimp clover (Bathysquilla crassispinosa) Eel octopus (Upogebia major), Okinawa octopus family Thalassina.
Among these, a giant clam (Oratosquilla oratoria) and an octopus (Upogebia major) are preferable.
この中でも、シャコ(Oratosquilla oratoria)、アナジャゴ(Upogebia major)が好ましい。 Mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria), giant shrimp (Anchisquilla fasciata), European shrimp (Squilla mantis), shrimps (Harpiosquilla harpax), shrimp clover (Bathysquilla crassispinosa) Eel octopus (Upogebia major), Okinawa octopus family Thalassina.
Among these, a giant clam (Oratosquilla oratoria) and an octopus (Upogebia major) are preferable.
本発明のウナギ用飼料の特徴のひとつは、シャコ類の頭部(頭部甲殻及び内容物)を含むことである。シャコ類の頭部は、様々な酵素を含んでいることが知られており、また、甲殻部も含むため、養殖用の飼料として適さない魚類もいるが、ウナギの場合はこれらの酵素、甲殻部が含まれていることで優れた飼料となる。
One of the features of the eel feed of the present invention is that it includes the heads (head crust and contents) of giant clams. The heads of giant clams are known to contain various enzymes, and because they contain shells, some fish are not suitable for aquaculture feed. In the case of eels, these enzymes, shells It becomes an excellent feed by including the part.
本発明のウナギ用飼料の特徴のひとつは、シャコ類の胴体部(甲殻及び身肉)を含むことである。
シャコ類の甲殻は、実施例で後述するように、単位重量当たりの炭水化物量やエネルギーが頭部内容物や身肉と比較して高い。さらに、通常、シャコの甲殻は、通常、残渣となる部分であるため、廃棄物の有効利用という点でも優れている。そして、シャコ類の身肉を含むことにより、シャコ類の頭部や甲殻のみからなるシャコ類由来原料と比較して、味、食感がより改善される。 One of the characteristics of the eel feed of the present invention is that it includes the trunk part (shell and meat) of the giant clam.
As will be described later in Examples, the crustacean shell has a higher amount of carbohydrate per unit weight and energy compared to the contents of the head and meat. Furthermore, the crustacean shell is usually a residue, which is excellent in terms of effective use of waste. And by including the flesh of the giant clam, the taste and texture are further improved as compared to the raw material derived from the giant clam consisting of the head and shell of the giant clam.
シャコ類の甲殻は、実施例で後述するように、単位重量当たりの炭水化物量やエネルギーが頭部内容物や身肉と比較して高い。さらに、通常、シャコの甲殻は、通常、残渣となる部分であるため、廃棄物の有効利用という点でも優れている。そして、シャコ類の身肉を含むことにより、シャコ類の頭部や甲殻のみからなるシャコ類由来原料と比較して、味、食感がより改善される。 One of the characteristics of the eel feed of the present invention is that it includes the trunk part (shell and meat) of the giant clam.
As will be described later in Examples, the crustacean shell has a higher amount of carbohydrate per unit weight and energy compared to the contents of the head and meat. Furthermore, the crustacean shell is usually a residue, which is excellent in terms of effective use of waste. And by including the flesh of the giant clam, the taste and texture are further improved as compared to the raw material derived from the giant clam consisting of the head and shell of the giant clam.
そして、本発明のウナギ用飼料において、シャコ類由来原料として、シャコ類の尾部のみを取り除いた、頭部(頭部甲殻及び内容物)及び胴体部(甲殻及び身肉)からなる原材料(以下、「有頭シャコ」と称す場合がある。)を使用している。すなわち、本発明のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類の尾部を含まないことに最大の特徴がある。
シャコの尾部には固く鋭い部分があり、これをウナギが摂食するとウナギの内臓(特に食道)を傷つける。その結果、ウナギが衰弱して成長が抑制されたり、突然死する割合が増加するという問題がある。シャコの尾部に由来する成長抑制や突然死は、特にウナギ成魚と比較して、抵抗力や回復力が弱いウナギ稚魚(特にクロコ)や、ウナギ稚魚から成長した後における体重200g程度の完全に成長していないウナギ成魚にとって、特に問題となる。
本発明のウナギ用飼料には、シャコ類の尾部を含まない有頭シャコを使用しているので、シャコの尾部の摂食に由来する成長抑制や突然死が生じず、シャコ類の頭部(頭部甲殻及び内容物)及び胴体部(甲殻及び身肉)に由来するウナギの味、食感がより改善される。 And in the feed for eels of the present invention, raw materials (hereinafter referred to as the shell and meat) consisting of the head (head crust and contents) and the trunk (shell and meat), with the tail of the crustacean removed only, It may be referred to as “headed mantis”). That is, the eel feed of the present invention has the greatest feature in that it does not include the tail of the giant clam.
There is a hard and sharp part in the tail of the giant clam, and when eaten by an eel, the internal organs (especially the esophagus) of the eel are damaged. As a result, there is a problem in that the proportion of eels is weakened and growth is suppressed, or the rate of sudden death increases. Suppression of growth and sudden death from the tail of the giant clam, especially eel fry (especially crocodile), which is weaker in resistance and resilience compared to adult eels, and fully grown to a weight of about 200g after growing from eel fry This is especially a problem for adult eels that are not.
The feed for eels of the present invention uses headed oysters that do not include the tails of mantis, so growth suppression and sudden death caused by feeding of the tail of the mantis does not occur, and the head of the mantis ( The taste and texture of eel derived from the head shell and contents) and the trunk (shell and meat) are further improved.
シャコの尾部には固く鋭い部分があり、これをウナギが摂食するとウナギの内臓(特に食道)を傷つける。その結果、ウナギが衰弱して成長が抑制されたり、突然死する割合が増加するという問題がある。シャコの尾部に由来する成長抑制や突然死は、特にウナギ成魚と比較して、抵抗力や回復力が弱いウナギ稚魚(特にクロコ)や、ウナギ稚魚から成長した後における体重200g程度の完全に成長していないウナギ成魚にとって、特に問題となる。
本発明のウナギ用飼料には、シャコ類の尾部を含まない有頭シャコを使用しているので、シャコの尾部の摂食に由来する成長抑制や突然死が生じず、シャコ類の頭部(頭部甲殻及び内容物)及び胴体部(甲殻及び身肉)に由来するウナギの味、食感がより改善される。 And in the feed for eels of the present invention, raw materials (hereinafter referred to as the shell and meat) consisting of the head (head crust and contents) and the trunk (shell and meat), with the tail of the crustacean removed only, It may be referred to as “headed mantis”). That is, the eel feed of the present invention has the greatest feature in that it does not include the tail of the giant clam.
There is a hard and sharp part in the tail of the giant clam, and when eaten by an eel, the internal organs (especially the esophagus) of the eel are damaged. As a result, there is a problem in that the proportion of eels is weakened and growth is suppressed, or the rate of sudden death increases. Suppression of growth and sudden death from the tail of the giant clam, especially eel fry (especially crocodile), which is weaker in resistance and resilience compared to adult eels, and fully grown to a weight of about 200g after growing from eel fry This is especially a problem for adult eels that are not.
The feed for eels of the present invention uses headed oysters that do not include the tails of mantis, so growth suppression and sudden death caused by feeding of the tail of the mantis does not occur, and the head of the mantis ( The taste and texture of eel derived from the head shell and contents) and the trunk (shell and meat) are further improved.
シャコ類由来原料における頭部(頭部甲殻及び内容物)及び胴体部(甲殻及び身肉)それぞれの割合は、ウナギの種類、成長具合を考慮して養殖魚独特の臭みが十分に抑制できる範囲で適宜決定される。
The ratio of the head (head crust and contents) and trunk (shell and flesh) in the raw materials of giant clams is within the range where the odor unique to cultured fish can be sufficiently suppressed in consideration of the type of eel and the growth condition. As appropriate.
(配合飼料)
本発明のウナギ用飼料の原料となる配合飼料は、ウナギ生育のための必要な栄養分を十分まかなえるようにいろいろな原料を適切な割合で混合したものである。具体的には魚粉と他の成分を混合した公知の養殖魚用飼料として使用できる。他の成分としては、例えば、デンプン、リン酸カルシウム、食塩、酵母、薬草エキス等が挙げられる。 (Mixed feed)
The blended feed used as the raw material for the eel feed of the present invention is a mixture of various raw materials in appropriate proportions so as to sufficiently provide the nutrients necessary for eel growth. Specifically, it can be used as a well-known feed for cultured fish in which fish meal and other components are mixed. Examples of other components include starch, calcium phosphate, salt, yeast, and herbal extract.
本発明のウナギ用飼料の原料となる配合飼料は、ウナギ生育のための必要な栄養分を十分まかなえるようにいろいろな原料を適切な割合で混合したものである。具体的には魚粉と他の成分を混合した公知の養殖魚用飼料として使用できる。他の成分としては、例えば、デンプン、リン酸カルシウム、食塩、酵母、薬草エキス等が挙げられる。 (Mixed feed)
The blended feed used as the raw material for the eel feed of the present invention is a mixture of various raw materials in appropriate proportions so as to sufficiently provide the nutrients necessary for eel growth. Specifically, it can be used as a well-known feed for cultured fish in which fish meal and other components are mixed. Examples of other components include starch, calcium phosphate, salt, yeast, and herbal extract.
魚粉の原料としては、例えば、イワシ、サバ、ニシン、アジ等を加工して得られる粉末が挙げられるが、これ以外の魚類でもよい。魚粉の原料となる魚介は、単独でも2種類以上を混合してもよく、ウナギの種類や、生育状態、コスト等を考慮して適宜選択される。
Examples of the raw material for fish meal include powder obtained by processing sardines, mackerel, herring, horse mackerel, etc., but other fish may be used. The seafood used as the raw material for the fish meal may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and is appropriately selected in consideration of the type of eel, growth state, cost, and the like.
本発明のウナギ用飼料では、配合飼料が、魚粉を主成分とすることが好ましい。ここで、「主成分とする」とは、配合飼料の少なくとも50重量%以上が、魚粉であることを意味する。配合飼料中の魚粉の割合が少なすぎると、飼料の栄養価が不足して、ウナギの生育が悪くなる場合がある。
In the eel feed of the present invention, it is preferable that the mixed feed is mainly composed of fish meal. Here, “main component” means that at least 50% by weight or more of the mixed feed is fish meal. If the proportion of fish meal in the blended feed is too small, the nutritional value of the feed may be insufficient and the growth of eels may deteriorate.
(その他の成分)
本発明のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類由来原料及び配合飼料以外の成分を含んでいてもよい。好適な他の成分としては、シジミ、アサリ、ハマグリ等の貝類が挙げられる。上述のシャコ類由来原料を含むため、魚粉ベースの配合飼料を使用しても養殖魚独特の匂いが抑制されるが、貝類を添加することにより匂いの少ない養殖ウナギを得ることができる。 (Other ingredients)
The eel feed of the present invention may contain components other than the raw materials derived from the giant clam and the mixed feed. Suitable other ingredients include shellfish such as swordfish, clams and clams. Since the above-mentioned raw materials derived from giant clams are included, the odor peculiar to cultured fish is suppressed even when a fish meal-based mixed feed is used, but a cultured eel with less odor can be obtained by adding shellfish.
本発明のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類由来原料及び配合飼料以外の成分を含んでいてもよい。好適な他の成分としては、シジミ、アサリ、ハマグリ等の貝類が挙げられる。上述のシャコ類由来原料を含むため、魚粉ベースの配合飼料を使用しても養殖魚独特の匂いが抑制されるが、貝類を添加することにより匂いの少ない養殖ウナギを得ることができる。 (Other ingredients)
The eel feed of the present invention may contain components other than the raw materials derived from the giant clam and the mixed feed. Suitable other ingredients include shellfish such as swordfish, clams and clams. Since the above-mentioned raw materials derived from giant clams are included, the odor peculiar to cultured fish is suppressed even when a fish meal-based mixed feed is used, but a cultured eel with less odor can be obtained by adding shellfish.
また、本発明のウナギ用飼料は、他の成分として、乾燥野菜(特に粉末化したものが好ましい)や、乳酸菌の他にも、酪酸菌、糖化菌等の活性生菌や、タンパク・脂肪分解酵素等の消化酵素等を添加しても良い。
本発明のウナギ用飼料は、特に乳酸菌を含むことが好ましい。詳細なメカニズムは明確ではない点もあるが、本発明のウナギ用飼料が乳酸菌を含むと、ウナギ自身の生体内および生育環境である養殖槽内での悪玉菌や感染性細菌等の増殖防止効果により、各種病気を抑制することができる。これらを添加することによって、より生育効率、収率を高めたウナギ養殖が可能となる。 In addition, the eel feed of the present invention includes, as other ingredients, dried vegetables (particularly preferably powdered), lactic acid bacteria, active live bacteria such as butyric acid bacteria and saccharifying bacteria, and protein / lipolysis Digestive enzymes such as enzymes may be added.
The eel feed of the present invention preferably contains lactic acid bacteria. Although the detailed mechanism is not clear, when the eel feed of the present invention contains lactic acid bacteria, it prevents the growth of bad bacteria, infectious bacteria, etc. Can suppress various diseases. By adding these, eel farming with higher growth efficiency and yield can be achieved.
本発明のウナギ用飼料は、特に乳酸菌を含むことが好ましい。詳細なメカニズムは明確ではない点もあるが、本発明のウナギ用飼料が乳酸菌を含むと、ウナギ自身の生体内および生育環境である養殖槽内での悪玉菌や感染性細菌等の増殖防止効果により、各種病気を抑制することができる。これらを添加することによって、より生育効率、収率を高めたウナギ養殖が可能となる。 In addition, the eel feed of the present invention includes, as other ingredients, dried vegetables (particularly preferably powdered), lactic acid bacteria, active live bacteria such as butyric acid bacteria and saccharifying bacteria, and protein / lipolysis Digestive enzymes such as enzymes may be added.
The eel feed of the present invention preferably contains lactic acid bacteria. Although the detailed mechanism is not clear, when the eel feed of the present invention contains lactic acid bacteria, it prevents the growth of bad bacteria, infectious bacteria, etc. Can suppress various diseases. By adding these, eel farming with higher growth efficiency and yield can be achieved.
本発明のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類由来原料に対して、配合飼料(さらには必要に応じて他の成分)を混合することによって製造することができる。また、練餌にしやすいように必要に応じて、水や油等を加えてもよい。
ウナギ用飼料に含まれるシャコ類由来原料の割合は、生産される養殖ウナギ匂い、味、食感を劣化させることなく、成長の抑制、病気の発生を生ずることがない範囲で決定され、ウナギの生育状態(稚魚あるいは親魚)を考慮して適宜選択されるが、特にシャコ類由来原料及び配合飼料それぞれの乾燥重量の合計を100重量%としたときに、前記シャコ類由来原料を、5重量%以上45重量%以下含有することが好ましく、より好ましくは15重量%以上45重量%以下であり、より好ましくは20重量%以上40重量%以下である。シャコ類由来原料が5重量%未満では、シャコ類由来原料によるウナギ生育向上効果が認められないおそれがあり、45重量%を超えると飼料の粘度が低すぎてまとまりづらくなり、給餌の際に水中で飼料が分散して水が汚れる場合がある。 The eel feed of the present invention can be produced by mixing a mixed feed (and other components as required) with the giant clam-derived raw material. Moreover, you may add water, oil, etc. as needed so that it may be easy to make a bait.
The proportion of raw material derived from giant clam in the eel feed is determined within a range that does not cause growth inhibition or disease without deteriorating the smell, taste and texture of cultured eel produced. It is appropriately selected in consideration of the growth state (fry or parent fish), but when the total dry weight of each of the raw materials for the giant clam and the mixed feed is 100% by weight, the raw material for the giant clam is 5% by weight. The content is preferably 45% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or more and 45% by weight or less, and still more preferably 20% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less. If less than 5% by weight of raw material derived from the giant shrimp, there is a risk that the effect of improving the growth of eels by the raw material derived from shrimp will not be observed. If it exceeds 45% by weight, the viscosity of the feed will be too low and it will be difficult to consolidate. The feed may disperse and the water may become dirty.
ウナギ用飼料に含まれるシャコ類由来原料の割合は、生産される養殖ウナギ匂い、味、食感を劣化させることなく、成長の抑制、病気の発生を生ずることがない範囲で決定され、ウナギの生育状態(稚魚あるいは親魚)を考慮して適宜選択されるが、特にシャコ類由来原料及び配合飼料それぞれの乾燥重量の合計を100重量%としたときに、前記シャコ類由来原料を、5重量%以上45重量%以下含有することが好ましく、より好ましくは15重量%以上45重量%以下であり、より好ましくは20重量%以上40重量%以下である。シャコ類由来原料が5重量%未満では、シャコ類由来原料によるウナギ生育向上効果が認められないおそれがあり、45重量%を超えると飼料の粘度が低すぎてまとまりづらくなり、給餌の際に水中で飼料が分散して水が汚れる場合がある。 The eel feed of the present invention can be produced by mixing a mixed feed (and other components as required) with the giant clam-derived raw material. Moreover, you may add water, oil, etc. as needed so that it may be easy to make a bait.
The proportion of raw material derived from giant clam in the eel feed is determined within a range that does not cause growth inhibition or disease without deteriorating the smell, taste and texture of cultured eel produced. It is appropriately selected in consideration of the growth state (fry or parent fish), but when the total dry weight of each of the raw materials for the giant clam and the mixed feed is 100% by weight, the raw material for the giant clam is 5% by weight. The content is preferably 45% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or more and 45% by weight or less, and still more preferably 20% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less. If less than 5% by weight of raw material derived from the giant shrimp, there is a risk that the effect of improving the growth of eels by the raw material derived from shrimp will not be observed. If it exceeds 45% by weight, the viscosity of the feed will be too low and it will be difficult to consolidate. The feed may disperse and the water may become dirty.
[2]養殖ウナギの生産方法
以下、本発明の養殖ウナギの生産方法について説明する。
本発明の養殖ウナギの生産方法は、上述の本発明のウナギ用飼料を養殖ウナギに摂餌させることに特徴がある。上述のようにシャコ類由来原料を含む本発明のウナギ用飼料を与えて養殖することにより、養殖ウナギから養殖魚独特の臭みが減少し、味、食感も改善される。
本発明の養殖ウナギの生産方法は、ウナギ稚魚を対象とした「ウナギ稚魚の成育方法」及び「ウナギ成魚を対象とした養殖ウナギの生産方法」とを含み、これらを総称して、「本発明の養殖ウナギの生産方法」と称すものとする。 [2] Method for producing cultured eel The method for producing the cultured eel of the present invention will be described below.
The method for producing a cultured eel of the present invention is characterized in that the cultured eel is fed with the eel feed of the present invention described above. As described above, by feeding and cultivating the eel feed of the present invention containing the raw material from the giant clam, the odor peculiar to the cultured fish is reduced from the cultured eel, and the taste and texture are also improved.
The method for producing cultured eels of the present invention includes “a method for growing eel fry” for eel fry and “a method for producing a cultured eel for eel adult fish”. It shall be referred to as “aquaculture eel production method”.
以下、本発明の養殖ウナギの生産方法について説明する。
本発明の養殖ウナギの生産方法は、上述の本発明のウナギ用飼料を養殖ウナギに摂餌させることに特徴がある。上述のようにシャコ類由来原料を含む本発明のウナギ用飼料を与えて養殖することにより、養殖ウナギから養殖魚独特の臭みが減少し、味、食感も改善される。
本発明の養殖ウナギの生産方法は、ウナギ稚魚を対象とした「ウナギ稚魚の成育方法」及び「ウナギ成魚を対象とした養殖ウナギの生産方法」とを含み、これらを総称して、「本発明の養殖ウナギの生産方法」と称すものとする。 [2] Method for producing cultured eel The method for producing the cultured eel of the present invention will be described below.
The method for producing a cultured eel of the present invention is characterized in that the cultured eel is fed with the eel feed of the present invention described above. As described above, by feeding and cultivating the eel feed of the present invention containing the raw material from the giant clam, the odor peculiar to the cultured fish is reduced from the cultured eel, and the taste and texture are also improved.
The method for producing cultured eels of the present invention includes “a method for growing eel fry” for eel fry and “a method for producing a cultured eel for eel adult fish”. It shall be referred to as “aquaculture eel production method”.
養殖対象のウナギは、日本種ウナギ(ジャポニカ種ウナギ、Anguilla japonica)、外国種ウナギ(非ジャポニカ種ウナギ)のいずれもが対象となるが、日本種ウナギが好適である。本発明の養殖ウナギの生産方法は、ウナギ稚魚からウナギ成魚までが対象である。養殖対象のウナギ稚魚は、人工孵化させたもの、天然のもののいずれでもよいが、通常、天然のシラスウナギ、あるいはクロコが用いられる。
本発明でいうウナギ稚魚とは、体重0.5g未満、体長6cm未満のシラスウナギから、体重0.5g~100g(体長6cm以上)のクロコまでを含む概念であるすなわち、シラスウナギのみならずその成長体であるクロコを含み、卵からシラスウナギに成長するまでのウナギ孵化仔魚は対象外である。
また、ウナギ成魚とは上記ウナギ稚魚より成長したウナギを意味する。ウナギ成魚は通常、200g~330g程度まで成長させたウナギ親魚として出荷される。 As eels to be cultured, Japanese eels (Japonica eels, Anguilla japonica) and foreign eels (non-Japonica eels) are targeted, but Japanese eels are preferred. The production method of the cultured eel of the present invention is for eel fry to adult eel. The eel larvae to be cultured may be either artificially hatched or natural, but natural glass eel or crocodile is usually used.
The eel fry referred to in the present invention is a concept including from white eels having a body weight of less than 0.5 g and a body length of less than 6 cm to a crocodile having a body weight of 0.5 g to 100 g (body length of 6 cm or more). The eel hatching larvae that contain the crocodile and grow from the egg to the glass eel are excluded.
Moreover, an eel adult fish means the eel which grew from the said eel fry. Adult eels are usually shipped as eel parent fish grown to about 200-330g.
本発明でいうウナギ稚魚とは、体重0.5g未満、体長6cm未満のシラスウナギから、体重0.5g~100g(体長6cm以上)のクロコまでを含む概念であるすなわち、シラスウナギのみならずその成長体であるクロコを含み、卵からシラスウナギに成長するまでのウナギ孵化仔魚は対象外である。
また、ウナギ成魚とは上記ウナギ稚魚より成長したウナギを意味する。ウナギ成魚は通常、200g~330g程度まで成長させたウナギ親魚として出荷される。 As eels to be cultured, Japanese eels (Japonica eels, Anguilla japonica) and foreign eels (non-Japonica eels) are targeted, but Japanese eels are preferred. The production method of the cultured eel of the present invention is for eel fry to adult eel. The eel larvae to be cultured may be either artificially hatched or natural, but natural glass eel or crocodile is usually used.
The eel fry referred to in the present invention is a concept including from white eels having a body weight of less than 0.5 g and a body length of less than 6 cm to a crocodile having a body weight of 0.5 g to 100 g (body length of 6 cm or more). The eel hatching larvae that contain the crocodile and grow from the egg to the glass eel are excluded.
Moreover, an eel adult fish means the eel which grew from the said eel fry. Adult eels are usually shipped as eel parent fish grown to about 200-330g.
本発明のウナギ稚魚の成育方法は、上述した本発明のウナギ用飼料を、ウナギ稚魚に摂餌させることを特徴とする。すなわち、本発明のウナギ用飼料を死亡率の高いウナギ稚魚(シラスウナギ、クロコ)の期間に摂餌させる方法である。
本発明のウナギ用飼料は、生育したウナギ成魚のみならず、ウナギ稚魚に対する嗜好性がよい。そして、ウナギ稚魚の成長抑制や突然死の原因となるシャコ類の尾部を含まないため、該飼料をウナギ稚魚に摂餌させる本発明のウナギ稚魚の成育方法によれば、ウナギ稚魚が成長途中で死ぬ確率が減少し、歩留まりよくウナギ成魚まで育てることができる。
そして、ウナギ成魚に本発明のウナギ用飼料を摂餌させて養殖することにより、天然ウナギに匹敵する匂い、味、食感を有する養殖ウナギを得ることができる。 The growth method of the eel fry of the present invention is characterized by feeding the eel fry with the above-described eel feed of the present invention. That is, it is a method of feeding the eel feed of the present invention during the period of eel fry with high mortality (white eel, crocodile).
The eel feed of the present invention has good palatability for eel fry as well as grown eel adult fish. And since it does not include the tail of the giant clam that causes growth inhibition of eel fry and sudden death, according to the method for growing eel fry of the present invention in which the feed is fed to the eel fry, The probability of dying is reduced, and it is possible to grow up to eel adult fish with good yield.
Then, by feeding the adult eel with the eel feed of the present invention and culturing it, a cultured eel having an odor, taste and texture comparable to those of a natural eel can be obtained.
本発明のウナギ用飼料は、生育したウナギ成魚のみならず、ウナギ稚魚に対する嗜好性がよい。そして、ウナギ稚魚の成長抑制や突然死の原因となるシャコ類の尾部を含まないため、該飼料をウナギ稚魚に摂餌させる本発明のウナギ稚魚の成育方法によれば、ウナギ稚魚が成長途中で死ぬ確率が減少し、歩留まりよくウナギ成魚まで育てることができる。
そして、ウナギ成魚に本発明のウナギ用飼料を摂餌させて養殖することにより、天然ウナギに匹敵する匂い、味、食感を有する養殖ウナギを得ることができる。 The growth method of the eel fry of the present invention is characterized by feeding the eel fry with the above-described eel feed of the present invention. That is, it is a method of feeding the eel feed of the present invention during the period of eel fry with high mortality (white eel, crocodile).
The eel feed of the present invention has good palatability for eel fry as well as grown eel adult fish. And since it does not include the tail of the giant clam that causes growth inhibition of eel fry and sudden death, according to the method for growing eel fry of the present invention in which the feed is fed to the eel fry, The probability of dying is reduced, and it is possible to grow up to eel adult fish with good yield.
Then, by feeding the adult eel with the eel feed of the present invention and culturing it, a cultured eel having an odor, taste and texture comparable to those of a natural eel can be obtained.
成育対象となるウナギ稚魚は、クロコであることが好適である。ウナギ稚魚の成長抑制や死亡率の向上は、ウナギ稚魚からウナギ成魚のうち、クロコ(体重0.5g~100g、体長6cm以上)の時期に発生しやすい。そのため、養殖対象のウナギにおける少なくともクロコの時期に本発明のウナギ用飼料を摂餌させて成育させると、成長抑制や死亡率が低下し、ウナギ成魚まで成育することができる。
Eel fry to be grown is preferably crocodile. Suppression of growth of eel fry and improvement in mortality are likely to occur at the time of croko (weight 0.5g to 100g, body length 6cm or more) from eel fry to eel adult fish. Therefore, when the eel feed of the present invention is fed and grown at least at the time of the crocodile in the eel to be cultured, growth inhibition and mortality are reduced, and it is possible to grow up to adult eels.
上述のように、本発明の養殖ウナギの生産方法において、本発明のウナギ用飼料を、ウナギ稚魚がウナギ親魚になるまでの全飼育期間に与えることが好ましい。すなわち、上記方法によってウナギ稚魚を成育させる工程を含み、かつ、成育したウナギ成魚にも本発明のウナギ用飼料を摂餌することが好ましい。
一方、養殖ウナギの匂い、味、食感に特に影響するのは、主にウナギ成魚の時期であるため、ウナギ稚魚に本発明のウナギ用飼料を与えなくとも、ウナギ成魚まで成長したウナギに本発明のウナギ用飼料を与えて養殖ウナギを生産してもよい。特に養殖ウナギの匂い、味、食感に特に影響する出荷60日前(好ましくは90日前)から出荷までの期間に限定して与えてもよい。 As described above, in the method for producing a cultured eel of the present invention, it is preferable to give the eel feed of the present invention to the entire breeding period until the eel fry becomes a eel parent fish. That is, it is preferable to feed the eel feed of the present invention to a grown eel that includes the step of growing eel fry by the above method.
On the other hand, the odor, taste, and texture of cultured eels are particularly affected by the adult eel season, so even if the eel fry is not supplied with the eel feed of the present invention, the eels that have grown to adult eels will be affected. The cultured eel may be produced by feeding the eel feed of the invention. In particular, it may be given only for a period from 60 days before shipment (preferably 90 days before) to shipment, which particularly affects the smell, taste and texture of cultured eel.
一方、養殖ウナギの匂い、味、食感に特に影響するのは、主にウナギ成魚の時期であるため、ウナギ稚魚に本発明のウナギ用飼料を与えなくとも、ウナギ成魚まで成長したウナギに本発明のウナギ用飼料を与えて養殖ウナギを生産してもよい。特に養殖ウナギの匂い、味、食感に特に影響する出荷60日前(好ましくは90日前)から出荷までの期間に限定して与えてもよい。 As described above, in the method for producing a cultured eel of the present invention, it is preferable to give the eel feed of the present invention to the entire breeding period until the eel fry becomes a eel parent fish. That is, it is preferable to feed the eel feed of the present invention to a grown eel that includes the step of growing eel fry by the above method.
On the other hand, the odor, taste, and texture of cultured eels are particularly affected by the adult eel season, so even if the eel fry is not supplied with the eel feed of the present invention, the eels that have grown to adult eels will be affected. The cultured eel may be produced by feeding the eel feed of the invention. In particular, it may be given only for a period from 60 days before shipment (preferably 90 days before) to shipment, which particularly affects the smell, taste and texture of cultured eel.
また、現段階では詳細な理由は明らかでないが、本発明のウナギ用飼料をウナギに摂餌させる方法により、ウナギ身肉のアミノ酸を増加させることができる。
増加するアミノ酸としては、メチオニン、イソロイシン、ロイシン、チロシン、フェニルアラニン、グリシン、アラニン、プロリン、アルギニン等が挙げられる。
ウナギ身肉におけるアミノ酸の中でも、うまみ成分の指標となるグリシン、アラニン、プロリン、アルギニンの増加が認められ、特にグリシン、アラニン、プロリンが増加する。ウナギ身肉のアミノ酸を増加させるためには、少なくとも荷60日前(好ましくは90日前)から出荷までの期間に与えることが好ましい。 Moreover, although a detailed reason is not clear at this stage, the amino acid of the eel meat can be increased by the method of feeding the eel with the eel feed of the present invention.
Examples of the amino acid to be increased include methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glycine, alanine, proline, arginine and the like.
Among amino acids in eel meat, increases in glycine, alanine, proline and arginine, which are indicators of umami components, are observed, and glycine, alanine and proline are particularly increased. In order to increase the amino acid content of eel meat, it is preferable to give it at least 60 days before loading (preferably 90 days before) to shipping.
増加するアミノ酸としては、メチオニン、イソロイシン、ロイシン、チロシン、フェニルアラニン、グリシン、アラニン、プロリン、アルギニン等が挙げられる。
ウナギ身肉におけるアミノ酸の中でも、うまみ成分の指標となるグリシン、アラニン、プロリン、アルギニンの増加が認められ、特にグリシン、アラニン、プロリンが増加する。ウナギ身肉のアミノ酸を増加させるためには、少なくとも荷60日前(好ましくは90日前)から出荷までの期間に与えることが好ましい。 Moreover, although a detailed reason is not clear at this stage, the amino acid of the eel meat can be increased by the method of feeding the eel with the eel feed of the present invention.
Examples of the amino acid to be increased include methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glycine, alanine, proline, arginine and the like.
Among amino acids in eel meat, increases in glycine, alanine, proline and arginine, which are indicators of umami components, are observed, and glycine, alanine and proline are particularly increased. In order to increase the amino acid content of eel meat, it is preferable to give it at least 60 days before loading (preferably 90 days before) to shipping.
本発明の生産方法で生産される養殖ウナギは、ウナギ身肉のうま味成分に係るアミノ酸量を増加し、天然ウナギに匹敵する匂い、味、食感を有する。
The cultured eel produced by the production method of the present invention increases the amount of amino acids related to the umami component of eel meat, and has an odor, taste and texture comparable to natural eels.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
(1)ウナギ用飼料の製造
「実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)」
実施例1のウナギ用飼料は以下のように製造した。
シャコ類由来原料として、冷凍シャコを解凍して使用した。当該冷凍シャコは、シャコの尾部を除き、頭部(甲殻部分及び内容物)、胴体(甲殻部分及び身肉)を含むものである(以下、「有頭シャコ」と記載する。)。配合飼料として、魚粉(74重量%)、α化デンプン(23重量%)、残部(3重量%)がリン酸カルシウム、食塩、飼料用酵母及び甘草抽出物からなる、配合飼料を使用した。
まず、冷凍シャコ80g(乾燥重量20g)に水90gを加え、ミキサーでミキシングして、シャコミンチを得た。得られたシャコミンチ全量と、配合飼料80g(乾燥重量)及び水30gを所定の容器で均一になるまで十分に混練して、実施例1のウナギ用飼料を得た。なお、実施例1のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類由来原料の乾燥重量基準で、以下、「20%添加飼料」と呼ぶ場合がある。 (1) Manufacture of eel feed “eel feed of Example 1 (20% added feed)”
The eel feed of Example 1 was produced as follows.
Frozen mantis was thawed and used as a mantis-derived material. The frozen clam includes a head (crust portion and contents) and a torso (crust portion and flesh) except for the tail of the clam (hereinafter referred to as “headed clam”). As a mixed feed, a mixed feed comprising fish meal (74% by weight), pregelatinized starch (23% by weight), and the balance (3% by weight) consisting of calcium phosphate, salt, feed yeast and licorice extract was used.
First, 90 g of water was added to 80 g of frozen giant clam (dry weight 20 g), and mixed with a mixer to obtain giant mince. The total amount of the obtained minced minced meat, 80 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed and 30 g of water were sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and the eel feed of Example 1 was obtained. In addition, the feed for eels of Example 1 may be hereinafter referred to as “20% added feed” on the basis of the dry weight of the giant clam-derived material.
「実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)」
実施例1のウナギ用飼料は以下のように製造した。
シャコ類由来原料として、冷凍シャコを解凍して使用した。当該冷凍シャコは、シャコの尾部を除き、頭部(甲殻部分及び内容物)、胴体(甲殻部分及び身肉)を含むものである(以下、「有頭シャコ」と記載する。)。配合飼料として、魚粉(74重量%)、α化デンプン(23重量%)、残部(3重量%)がリン酸カルシウム、食塩、飼料用酵母及び甘草抽出物からなる、配合飼料を使用した。
まず、冷凍シャコ80g(乾燥重量20g)に水90gを加え、ミキサーでミキシングして、シャコミンチを得た。得られたシャコミンチ全量と、配合飼料80g(乾燥重量)及び水30gを所定の容器で均一になるまで十分に混練して、実施例1のウナギ用飼料を得た。なお、実施例1のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類由来原料の乾燥重量基準で、以下、「20%添加飼料」と呼ぶ場合がある。 (1) Manufacture of eel feed “eel feed of Example 1 (20% added feed)”
The eel feed of Example 1 was produced as follows.
Frozen mantis was thawed and used as a mantis-derived material. The frozen clam includes a head (crust portion and contents) and a torso (crust portion and flesh) except for the tail of the clam (hereinafter referred to as “headed clam”). As a mixed feed, a mixed feed comprising fish meal (74% by weight), pregelatinized starch (23% by weight), and the balance (3% by weight) consisting of calcium phosphate, salt, feed yeast and licorice extract was used.
First, 90 g of water was added to 80 g of frozen giant clam (dry weight 20 g), and mixed with a mixer to obtain giant mince. The total amount of the obtained minced minced meat, 80 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed and 30 g of water were sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and the eel feed of Example 1 was obtained. In addition, the feed for eels of Example 1 may be hereinafter referred to as “20% added feed” on the basis of the dry weight of the giant clam-derived material.
「実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)」
実施例1のウナギ用飼料と同様のシャコ類由来原料及び配合飼料を原料として使用した。まず、冷凍シャコ160g(乾燥重量40g)に水160gを加え、ミキサーでミキシングして、シャコミンチを得た。得られたシャコミンチ全量と、配合飼料60g(乾燥重量)を所定の容器で均一になるまで十分に混練して、実施例2のウナギ用飼料を得た。なお、実施例2のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類由来原料の乾燥重量基準で、以下、「40%添加飼料」と呼ぶ場合がある。 "Eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed)"
The raw material and compound feed which are the same as the feed for eels of Example 1 were used as a raw material. First, 160 g of water was added to 160 g (dry weight 40 g) of the frozen giant clam and mixed with a mixer to obtain a giant mince. The total amount of the obtained citrus mince and 60 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed were sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and the eel feed of Example 2 was obtained. In addition, the feed for eels of Example 2 may be hereinafter referred to as “40% added feed” on the basis of the dry weight of the giant clam-derived material.
実施例1のウナギ用飼料と同様のシャコ類由来原料及び配合飼料を原料として使用した。まず、冷凍シャコ160g(乾燥重量40g)に水160gを加え、ミキサーでミキシングして、シャコミンチを得た。得られたシャコミンチ全量と、配合飼料60g(乾燥重量)を所定の容器で均一になるまで十分に混練して、実施例2のウナギ用飼料を得た。なお、実施例2のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類由来原料の乾燥重量基準で、以下、「40%添加飼料」と呼ぶ場合がある。 "Eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed)"
The raw material and compound feed which are the same as the feed for eels of Example 1 were used as a raw material. First, 160 g of water was added to 160 g (dry weight 40 g) of the frozen giant clam and mixed with a mixer to obtain a giant mince. The total amount of the obtained citrus mince and 60 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed were sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and the eel feed of Example 2 was obtained. In addition, the feed for eels of Example 2 may be hereinafter referred to as “40% added feed” on the basis of the dry weight of the giant clam-derived material.
「実施例3のウナギ用飼料(50%添加飼料)」
実施例1のウナギ用飼料と同様のシャコ類由来原料及び配合飼料を原料として使用した。まず、冷凍シャコ200g(乾燥重量50g)に水50gを加え、ミキサーでミキシングして、シャコミンチを得た。得られたシャコミンチ全量と、配合飼料50g(乾燥重量)を所定の容器で均一になるまで十分に混練して、実施例3のウナギ用飼料を得た。なお、実施例3のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類由来原料の乾燥重量基準で、以下、「50%添加飼料」と呼ぶ場合がある。 "Eel feed for Example 3 (50% added feed)"
The raw material and compound feed which are the same as the feed for eels of Example 1 were used as a raw material. First, 50 g of water was added to 200 g of frozen giant clam (dry weight 50 g), and the mixture was mixed with a mixer to obtain giant clam mince. The total amount of the obtained citrus mince and 50 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed were sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and the eel feed of Example 3 was obtained. In addition, the feed for eels of Example 3 may be hereinafter referred to as “50% added feed” on a dry weight basis of the giant clam-derived material.
実施例1のウナギ用飼料と同様のシャコ類由来原料及び配合飼料を原料として使用した。まず、冷凍シャコ200g(乾燥重量50g)に水50gを加え、ミキサーでミキシングして、シャコミンチを得た。得られたシャコミンチ全量と、配合飼料50g(乾燥重量)を所定の容器で均一になるまで十分に混練して、実施例3のウナギ用飼料を得た。なお、実施例3のウナギ用飼料は、シャコ類由来原料の乾燥重量基準で、以下、「50%添加飼料」と呼ぶ場合がある。 "Eel feed for Example 3 (50% added feed)"
The raw material and compound feed which are the same as the feed for eels of Example 1 were used as a raw material. First, 50 g of water was added to 200 g of frozen giant clam (dry weight 50 g), and the mixture was mixed with a mixer to obtain giant clam mince. The total amount of the obtained citrus mince and 50 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed were sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and the eel feed of Example 3 was obtained. In addition, the feed for eels of Example 3 may be hereinafter referred to as “50% added feed” on a dry weight basis of the giant clam-derived material.
(2)評価
(2-1)シャコ類由来原料、配合飼料及び実施例のウナギ用飼料の成分組成
表1に、有頭シャコ(冷凍シャコの頭部及び胴体)及び有頭シャコから頭部内容物及び身肉を取り除いた「有頭シャコの甲殻のみ」の成分組成を示す。なお、表中の数値は、それぞれ試料100gに対する重量(g)及びエネルギー(kcal)である。 (2) Evaluation (2-1) Composition of raw materials derived from giant clams, blended feed, and feed for eels of the examples Table 1 shows the head contents from headed mantis (frozen mantis head and trunk) and headed mantis. Ingredient composition of “headed crustacean crust only” from which items and meat are removed. In addition, the numerical value in a table | surface is the weight (g) and energy (kcal) with respect to 100g of samples, respectively.
(2-1)シャコ類由来原料、配合飼料及び実施例のウナギ用飼料の成分組成
表1に、有頭シャコ(冷凍シャコの頭部及び胴体)及び有頭シャコから頭部内容物及び身肉を取り除いた「有頭シャコの甲殻のみ」の成分組成を示す。なお、表中の数値は、それぞれ試料100gに対する重量(g)及びエネルギー(kcal)である。 (2) Evaluation (2-1) Composition of raw materials derived from giant clams, blended feed, and feed for eels of the examples Table 1 shows the head contents from headed mantis (frozen mantis head and trunk) and headed mantis. Ingredient composition of “headed crustacean crust only” from which items and meat are removed. In addition, the numerical value in a table | surface is the weight (g) and energy (kcal) with respect to 100g of samples, respectively.
表2、表3に配合飼料及び実施例1,2のウナギ用飼料の成分組成を示す。表2は水分を含んだ値であり、表3は乾燥重量基準での値である。
Tables 2 and 3 show the composition of the mixed feed and the eel feeds of Examples 1 and 2. Table 2 shows values including moisture, and Table 3 shows values on a dry weight basis.
(2-2)ウナギ用飼料の形状保持性
実施例1~3のウナギ用飼料は、混練時に適度の粘性があり、ウナギ用飼料として十分な成形性を示した。次いで、これらのウナギ用飼料を水中に入れ、飼料のばらけ方を観察したところ、実施例1,2のウナギ用飼料は、30分以上たっても***することなく、成形性を保っていたのに対し、実施例3のウナギ用飼料は、水中にいれて、しばらくして***し始めた。
そこで、実施例2,3の中間値である45重量%(シャコ類由来原料及び配合飼料それぞれの乾燥重量の合計)以下を、水中でウナギ用飼料が***しない上限値と判断した。 (2-2) Shape retention of eel feed The eel feed of Examples 1 to 3 had an appropriate viscosity when kneaded, and showed sufficient moldability as an eel feed. Then, when these eel feeds were put in water and observed how the feeds were scattered, the eel feeds of Examples 1 and 2 were maintained in moldability without splitting even after 30 minutes or more. On the other hand, the eel feed of Example 3 was put into water and started to split after a while.
Accordingly, an intermediate value of 45% by weight or less (sum of dry weights of the raw materials of the giant clam-derived material and the mixed feed) of Examples 2 and 3 or less was determined as the upper limit value at which the eel feed would not break up in water.
実施例1~3のウナギ用飼料は、混練時に適度の粘性があり、ウナギ用飼料として十分な成形性を示した。次いで、これらのウナギ用飼料を水中に入れ、飼料のばらけ方を観察したところ、実施例1,2のウナギ用飼料は、30分以上たっても***することなく、成形性を保っていたのに対し、実施例3のウナギ用飼料は、水中にいれて、しばらくして***し始めた。
そこで、実施例2,3の中間値である45重量%(シャコ類由来原料及び配合飼料それぞれの乾燥重量の合計)以下を、水中でウナギ用飼料が***しない上限値と判断した。 (2-2) Shape retention of eel feed The eel feed of Examples 1 to 3 had an appropriate viscosity when kneaded, and showed sufficient moldability as an eel feed. Then, when these eel feeds were put in water and observed how the feeds were scattered, the eel feeds of Examples 1 and 2 were maintained in moldability without splitting even after 30 minutes or more. On the other hand, the eel feed of Example 3 was put into water and started to split after a while.
Accordingly, an intermediate value of 45% by weight or less (sum of dry weights of the raw materials of the giant clam-derived material and the mixed feed) of Examples 2 and 3 or less was determined as the upper limit value at which the eel feed would not break up in water.
(2-3)養殖試験
「養殖試験1」
水中での成形性により優れる実施例1(20%添加飼料)、実施例2(40%添加飼料)をウナギ用飼料として、ウナギの養殖試験を行った。
養殖試験は、試験区として5トン水槽(水量約2トン)6面を用いた。評価対象のウナギとして、鹿児島県産の養殖ウナギ720個体(約200gサイズ)を用いた。これらのウナギを6面の水槽(A-1~A-6)に120個体ずつ入れ、それぞれシャコ類由来原料を含まない配合飼料を給餌して、餌食いが安定するまで馴至させた。次いで、引き続き(シャコ類由来原料を含まない)配合飼料を与えたコントロール区画(A-1,A-2)、実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)を与えた区画(A-3,A-4)、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を与えた区画(A-5,A-6)について、ウナギの生育状態の評価を行った。ウナギには飼料を1日1回与え、給餌量はウナギの体重の1.6重量%を目安として算出した。また、ウナギの生育状態等の状況に応じて、給餌量を100~500gの範囲で変化させた。 (2-3) Aquaculture test “Aquaculture test 1”
An eel aquaculture test was conducted using Example 1 (20% added feed) and Example 2 (40% added feed), which are more excellent in formability in water, as eel feed.
In the aquaculture test, six 5 ton water tanks (water volume of about 2 tons) were used as test zones. As an eel to be evaluated, 720 cultured eels (about 200 g in size) produced in Kagoshima Prefecture were used. Each of these eels was placed in a six-sided water tank (A-1 to A-6), 120 individuals, and each was fed with a mixed feed that did not contain the raw material of the giant clam, until the feeding was stabilized. Subsequently, the control section (A-1, A-2) fed with the mixed feed (without the raw materials derived from the giant clam), and the section (A-3) fed with the eel feed of Example 1 (20% added feed) , A-4), the eel growth state was evaluated for the sections (A-5, A-6) to which the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed) was fed. Eels were fed once a day, and the feed amount was calculated with 1.6% by weight of eel body weight as a guide. In addition, the amount of feeding was varied in the range of 100 to 500 g depending on the situation such as the growth state of eels.
「養殖試験1」
水中での成形性により優れる実施例1(20%添加飼料)、実施例2(40%添加飼料)をウナギ用飼料として、ウナギの養殖試験を行った。
養殖試験は、試験区として5トン水槽(水量約2トン)6面を用いた。評価対象のウナギとして、鹿児島県産の養殖ウナギ720個体(約200gサイズ)を用いた。これらのウナギを6面の水槽(A-1~A-6)に120個体ずつ入れ、それぞれシャコ類由来原料を含まない配合飼料を給餌して、餌食いが安定するまで馴至させた。次いで、引き続き(シャコ類由来原料を含まない)配合飼料を与えたコントロール区画(A-1,A-2)、実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)を与えた区画(A-3,A-4)、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を与えた区画(A-5,A-6)について、ウナギの生育状態の評価を行った。ウナギには飼料を1日1回与え、給餌量はウナギの体重の1.6重量%を目安として算出した。また、ウナギの生育状態等の状況に応じて、給餌量を100~500gの範囲で変化させた。 (2-3) Aquaculture test “Aquaculture test 1”
An eel aquaculture test was conducted using Example 1 (20% added feed) and Example 2 (40% added feed), which are more excellent in formability in water, as eel feed.
In the aquaculture test, six 5 ton water tanks (water volume of about 2 tons) were used as test zones. As an eel to be evaluated, 720 cultured eels (about 200 g in size) produced in Kagoshima Prefecture were used. Each of these eels was placed in a six-sided water tank (A-1 to A-6), 120 individuals, and each was fed with a mixed feed that did not contain the raw material of the giant clam, until the feeding was stabilized. Subsequently, the control section (A-1, A-2) fed with the mixed feed (without the raw materials derived from the giant clam), and the section (A-3) fed with the eel feed of Example 1 (20% added feed) , A-4), the eel growth state was evaluated for the sections (A-5, A-6) to which the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed) was fed. Eels were fed once a day, and the feed amount was calculated with 1.6% by weight of eel body weight as a guide. In addition, the amount of feeding was varied in the range of 100 to 500 g depending on the situation such as the growth state of eels.
上述した方法により養殖したウナギについて、生育状況の調査と、成分分析を行った。
生育状況の調査は、測定対象であるウナギの全長(mm)、肛門前長(mm)及び体重(g)を計測することにより行った。
評価は、納入したウナギを6面の水槽に入れた翌日に任意に選択した30個体について測定を行い、養殖開始から60日目にA-1,A-4,A-6の区画で生育したウナギ各20個体について上記評価を行い、生育状況を比較した。
また、成分分析は、A-1,A-4,A-6の区画で生育したウナギ各5個体を取り出し、皮を取り除いたウナギに身肉部分の成分について成分分析を行った。なお、成分分析は福岡県工業技術センター生物食品研究所にて実施された。 About the eel farmed by the method mentioned above, investigation of the growth condition and component analysis were performed.
The growth status was examined by measuring the total length (mm), preanal length (mm), and body weight (g) of the eel to be measured.
Evaluation was performed on 30 individuals arbitrarily selected the day after the delivered eels were placed in a 6-sided aquarium, and grown on the A-1, A-4, and A-6 sections 60 days after the start of the cultivation. The above-mentioned evaluation was performed for each 20 eels, and the growth status was compared.
In the component analysis, five eels each grown in the sections A-1, A-4, and A-6 were taken out, and component analysis was performed on the components of the meat part of the eel from which the skin was removed. In addition, the component analysis was carried out at the Fukuoka Prefectural Industrial Technology Center Biofood Research Laboratory.
生育状況の調査は、測定対象であるウナギの全長(mm)、肛門前長(mm)及び体重(g)を計測することにより行った。
評価は、納入したウナギを6面の水槽に入れた翌日に任意に選択した30個体について測定を行い、養殖開始から60日目にA-1,A-4,A-6の区画で生育したウナギ各20個体について上記評価を行い、生育状況を比較した。
また、成分分析は、A-1,A-4,A-6の区画で生育したウナギ各5個体を取り出し、皮を取り除いたウナギに身肉部分の成分について成分分析を行った。なお、成分分析は福岡県工業技術センター生物食品研究所にて実施された。 About the eel farmed by the method mentioned above, investigation of the growth condition and component analysis were performed.
The growth status was examined by measuring the total length (mm), preanal length (mm), and body weight (g) of the eel to be measured.
Evaluation was performed on 30 individuals arbitrarily selected the day after the delivered eels were placed in a 6-sided aquarium, and grown on the A-1, A-4, and A-6 sections 60 days after the start of the cultivation. The above-mentioned evaluation was performed for each 20 eels, and the growth status was compared.
In the component analysis, five eels each grown in the sections A-1, A-4, and A-6 were taken out, and component analysis was performed on the components of the meat part of the eel from which the skin was removed. In addition, the component analysis was carried out at the Fukuoka Prefectural Industrial Technology Center Biofood Research Laboratory.
表4に、飼育開始から60日後のウナギの生育状況を示す。
表4に示されるように、実施例1,2のウナギ用飼料を与えた区画(A-4,A-6)のウナギは、全長(増加分)、肛門前長、体重のすべてが、コントロール区画(A-1)よりも大きいことが確認された。表2,3に示されるように、実施例1,2のウナギ用飼料は、コントロールの配合飼料より、エネルギー量が少ないことから、生育評価の結果は、実施例1,2のウナギ用飼料に含まれる、シャコ類由来原料によって、ウナギの生育が促進されていることを意味している。
また、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)では、特にウナギの生育がよいことが確認された。 Table 4 shows the eel growth status 60 days after the start of breeding.
As shown in Table 4, the eels in the sections (A-4, A-6) fed with the eel feed of Examples 1 and 2 had all the length (increased), preanal length, and body weight controlled. It was confirmed that it was larger than the section (A-1). As shown in Tables 2 and 3, since the eel feed of Examples 1 and 2 has a smaller amount of energy than the control mixed feed, the results of the growth evaluation are the results of the eel feed of Examples 1 and 2. It means that the growth of eel is promoted by the raw material derived from the giant clam.
In addition, it was confirmed that the eel growth was particularly good in the eel feed (40% added feed) of Example 2.
表4に示されるように、実施例1,2のウナギ用飼料を与えた区画(A-4,A-6)のウナギは、全長(増加分)、肛門前長、体重のすべてが、コントロール区画(A-1)よりも大きいことが確認された。表2,3に示されるように、実施例1,2のウナギ用飼料は、コントロールの配合飼料より、エネルギー量が少ないことから、生育評価の結果は、実施例1,2のウナギ用飼料に含まれる、シャコ類由来原料によって、ウナギの生育が促進されていることを意味している。
また、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)では、特にウナギの生育がよいことが確認された。 Table 4 shows the eel growth status 60 days after the start of breeding.
As shown in Table 4, the eels in the sections (A-4, A-6) fed with the eel feed of Examples 1 and 2 had all the length (increased), preanal length, and body weight controlled. It was confirmed that it was larger than the section (A-1). As shown in Tables 2 and 3, since the eel feed of Examples 1 and 2 has a smaller amount of energy than the control mixed feed, the results of the growth evaluation are the results of the eel feed of Examples 1 and 2. It means that the growth of eel is promoted by the raw material derived from the giant clam.
In addition, it was confirmed that the eel growth was particularly good in the eel feed (40% added feed) of Example 2.
図1~6に、給餌開始から60日後のウナギ身肉100gに含まれるアミノ酸(トレオニン、メチオニン、イソロイシン、ロイシン、チロシン及びフェニルアラニン)の分析結果を示す。横軸の0%は、配合飼料のみで養殖したウナギ(コントロール群)であり、20%は実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギであり、40%は実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギである。
FIGS. 1 to 6 show the analysis results of amino acids (threonine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine) contained in 100 g of eel meat 60 days after the start of feeding. 0% of the horizontal axis is eel (control group) cultivated only with mixed feed, 20% is eel cultivated using the eel feed of Example 1 (20% added feed), and 40% is implemented It is an eel farmed using the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed).
図1に示すように、トレオニンは、コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギに対して、実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)で養殖したウナギで106%、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギで151%であった。
図2に示すように、メチオニンは、コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギに対して、実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)で養殖したウナギで111%、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギで111%であった。 As shown in FIG. 1, threonine is 106% in eels cultured in the eel feed (added 20% feed) of Example 1 and eels cultured in the control group (mixed feed only), It was 151% among eels cultivated using eel feed (40% added feed).
As shown in FIG. 2, methionine was 111% in the eel cultured in the eel feed (added 20% feed) of Example 1 with respect to eel cultured in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 111% for eels cultured using eel feed (40% added feed).
図2に示すように、メチオニンは、コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギに対して、実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)で養殖したウナギで111%、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギで111%であった。 As shown in FIG. 1, threonine is 106% in eels cultured in the eel feed (added 20% feed) of Example 1 and eels cultured in the control group (mixed feed only), It was 151% among eels cultivated using eel feed (40% added feed).
As shown in FIG. 2, methionine was 111% in the eel cultured in the eel feed (added 20% feed) of Example 1 with respect to eel cultured in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 111% for eels cultured using eel feed (40% added feed).
図3に示すように、イソロイシンは、コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギに対して、実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)で養殖したウナギで111%、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギで107%であった。図4に示すように、ロイシンは、コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギに対して、実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)で養殖したウナギで111%、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギで107%であった。
As shown in FIG. 3, isoleucine was 111% in the eels cultured in the eel feed of Example 1 (20% added feed) versus eels cultured in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 107% for eels cultured using eel feed (40% added feed). As shown in FIG. 4, leucine was 111% in eels cultured in the eel feed (20% added feed) of Example 1 versus eels cultured in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 107% for eels cultured using eel feed (40% added feed).
図5に示すように、チロシンは、コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギに対して、実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)で養殖したウナギで148%、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギで129%であった。
図6に示すように、フェニルアラニンは、コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギに対して、実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)で養殖したウナギで150%、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギで147%であった。 As shown in FIG. 5, tyrosine is 148% in the eels cultured in the eel feed (20% added feed) of Example 1 versus eels cultivated in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 129% for eels cultured using eel feed (40% added feed).
As shown in FIG. 6, phenylalanine is 150% in eels cultured in the eel feed (20% added feed) of Example 1 versus eels cultured in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 147% among eels cultivated using eel feed (40% added feed).
図6に示すように、フェニルアラニンは、コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギに対して、実施例1のウナギ用飼料(20%添加飼料)で養殖したウナギで150%、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギで147%であった。 As shown in FIG. 5, tyrosine is 148% in the eels cultured in the eel feed (20% added feed) of Example 1 versus eels cultivated in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 129% for eels cultured using eel feed (40% added feed).
As shown in FIG. 6, phenylalanine is 150% in eels cultured in the eel feed (20% added feed) of Example 1 versus eels cultured in the control group (mixed feed only). It was 147% among eels cultivated using eel feed (40% added feed).
表5に養殖試験1における養殖ウナギ身肉のアミノ酸評価の結果をまとめて示す。
Table 5 summarizes the results of amino acid evaluation of cultured eel meat in aquaculture test 1.
「養殖試験2」
実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて、ウナギの養殖試験を行い、ウナギ身肉に含有されるうま味成分であるアミノ酸成分の評価を行い、配合飼料のみを与えたウナギ及び天然ウナギと比較した。
養殖試験は、試験区として5トン水槽(水量約2トン)2面を用いた。評価対象のウナギとして、鹿児島県産の養殖ウナギ200個体(約200gサイズ)を用いた。これらのウナギを2面の水槽(B-1、B-2)に100個体ずつ入れ、それぞれシャコ類由来原料を含まない配合飼料を給餌して、餌食いが安定するまで馴至させた。
次いで、引き続き(シャコ類由来原料を含まない)配合飼料を与えたコントロール区画(B-1)、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を与えた区画(B-2)について、ウナギの生育状態の評価を行った。ウナギには飼料を1日1回与え、給餌量はウナギの体重の1.6重量%を目安として算出した。また、ウナギの生育状態等の状況に応じて、給餌量を100~500gの範囲で変化させた。
上記方法で、給餌開始からから90日後のウナギ身肉100gに含まれるアミノ酸(グリシン、アラニン、プロリン、アルギニン及びヒスチジン)の分析を行った。また、参考例として天然ウナギ(佐賀県産)についても、同様のアミノ酸分析を行った。なお、評価したアミノ酸は、ウナギのうま味についての指標となるアミノ酸に該当する。 "Aquaculture test 2"
Using the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed), an eel aquaculture test was conducted, the amino acid component, which is an umami component contained in the eel meat, was evaluated, Compared to natural eel.
The aquaculture test used two 5-ton water tanks (approximately 2 tons of water) as test zones. As an eel to be evaluated, 200 cultured eels (about 200 g in size) produced in Kagoshima Prefecture were used. Each of these eels was placed in two aquariums (B-1, B-2), and each was fed with a mixed feed that did not contain a raw material from the giant shrimp, until the feeding was stabilized.
Subsequently, for the control section (B-1) fed with the mixed feed (without the raw materials derived from the giant clam), the section (B-2) fed with the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed), the eel The growth state of the rice was evaluated. Eels were fed once a day, and the feed amount was calculated with 1.6% by weight of eel body weight as a guide. In addition, the amount of feeding was varied in the range of 100 to 500 g depending on the situation such as the growth state of eels.
By the above method, amino acids (glycine, alanine, proline, arginine, and histidine) contained in 100 g of eel meat 90 days after the start of feeding were analyzed. Moreover, the same amino acid analysis was performed also about the natural eel (from Saga Prefecture) as a reference example. In addition, the evaluated amino acid corresponds to an amino acid that serves as an index for the umami taste of eel.
実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて、ウナギの養殖試験を行い、ウナギ身肉に含有されるうま味成分であるアミノ酸成分の評価を行い、配合飼料のみを与えたウナギ及び天然ウナギと比較した。
養殖試験は、試験区として5トン水槽(水量約2トン)2面を用いた。評価対象のウナギとして、鹿児島県産の養殖ウナギ200個体(約200gサイズ)を用いた。これらのウナギを2面の水槽(B-1、B-2)に100個体ずつ入れ、それぞれシャコ類由来原料を含まない配合飼料を給餌して、餌食いが安定するまで馴至させた。
次いで、引き続き(シャコ類由来原料を含まない)配合飼料を与えたコントロール区画(B-1)、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を与えた区画(B-2)について、ウナギの生育状態の評価を行った。ウナギには飼料を1日1回与え、給餌量はウナギの体重の1.6重量%を目安として算出した。また、ウナギの生育状態等の状況に応じて、給餌量を100~500gの範囲で変化させた。
上記方法で、給餌開始からから90日後のウナギ身肉100gに含まれるアミノ酸(グリシン、アラニン、プロリン、アルギニン及びヒスチジン)の分析を行った。また、参考例として天然ウナギ(佐賀県産)についても、同様のアミノ酸分析を行った。なお、評価したアミノ酸は、ウナギのうま味についての指標となるアミノ酸に該当する。 "
Using the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed), an eel aquaculture test was conducted, the amino acid component, which is an umami component contained in the eel meat, was evaluated, Compared to natural eel.
The aquaculture test used two 5-ton water tanks (approximately 2 tons of water) as test zones. As an eel to be evaluated, 200 cultured eels (about 200 g in size) produced in Kagoshima Prefecture were used. Each of these eels was placed in two aquariums (B-1, B-2), and each was fed with a mixed feed that did not contain a raw material from the giant shrimp, until the feeding was stabilized.
Subsequently, for the control section (B-1) fed with the mixed feed (without the raw materials derived from the giant clam), the section (B-2) fed with the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed), the eel The growth state of the rice was evaluated. Eels were fed once a day, and the feed amount was calculated with 1.6% by weight of eel body weight as a guide. In addition, the amount of feeding was varied in the range of 100 to 500 g depending on the situation such as the growth state of eels.
By the above method, amino acids (glycine, alanine, proline, arginine, and histidine) contained in 100 g of eel meat 90 days after the start of feeding were analyzed. Moreover, the same amino acid analysis was performed also about the natural eel (from Saga Prefecture) as a reference example. In addition, the evaluated amino acid corresponds to an amino acid that serves as an index for the umami taste of eel.
表6に養殖試験2における養殖ウナギ身肉のアミノ酸評価の結果をまとめて示す。なお、数値はウナギ身肉100gに含まれるアミノ酸量(mg)である。
表6に示されるように、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギは、天然ウナギに匹敵するアミノ酸量を有していることがわかる。
コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギのアミノ酸量を100%としたときの実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギのアミノ酸量(相対値)は、グリシン178%、アラニン123%、プロリン144%、アルギニン114%であった。 Table 6 summarizes the results of amino acid evaluation of cultured eel meat in theaquaculture test 2. In addition, a numerical value is the amount of amino acids (mg) contained in 100 g of eel meat.
As shown in Table 6, it can be seen that the eels cultured using the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed) have an amino acid content comparable to that of the natural eel.
The amino acid content (relative value) of eel cultured using the eel feed (40% added feed) of Example 2 when the amino acid content of the eel cultured in the control group (mixed feed only) is 100% is glycine. They were 178%, alanine 123%, proline 144%, and arginine 114%.
表6に示されるように、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギは、天然ウナギに匹敵するアミノ酸量を有していることがわかる。
コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギのアミノ酸量を100%としたときの実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギのアミノ酸量(相対値)は、グリシン178%、アラニン123%、プロリン144%、アルギニン114%であった。 Table 6 summarizes the results of amino acid evaluation of cultured eel meat in the
As shown in Table 6, it can be seen that the eels cultured using the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed) have an amino acid content comparable to that of the natural eel.
The amino acid content (relative value) of eel cultured using the eel feed (40% added feed) of Example 2 when the amino acid content of the eel cultured in the control group (mixed feed only) is 100% is glycine. They were 178%, alanine 123%, proline 144%, and arginine 114%.
養殖試験2で養殖したウナギ及び天然ウナギを白焼きで調理し、匂い、味、食感を評価したところ、コントロール群(配合飼料のみ)で養殖したウナギは養殖魚独特の匂いがし、味、食感も天然ウナギに比べると劣っていた。一方、実施例2のウナギ用飼料(40%添加飼料)を用いて養殖したウナギは、養殖魚独特の匂いを感じず、味、食感ともに天然ウナギと比較して遜色ないものであった。
この結果から、本発明のウナギ用飼料を、出荷前90日程度から与えることにより、天然ウナギに匹敵する養殖ウナギを生産できることが確認された Eel and natural eel cultivated inaquaculture test 2 were cooked in white grill and evaluated for odor, taste and texture. Eel cultivated in the control group (mixed feed only) had a unique smell of cultured fish, The texture was inferior to natural eels. On the other hand, the eels cultured using the eel feed of Example 2 (40% added feed) did not feel the unique smell of cultured fish, and the taste and texture were inferior compared to natural eels.
From this result, it was confirmed that by giving the eel feed of the present invention from about 90 days before shipment, a cultured eel comparable to the natural eel can be produced.
この結果から、本発明のウナギ用飼料を、出荷前90日程度から与えることにより、天然ウナギに匹敵する養殖ウナギを生産できることが確認された Eel and natural eel cultivated in
From this result, it was confirmed that by giving the eel feed of the present invention from about 90 days before shipment, a cultured eel comparable to the natural eel can be produced.
(2-5)ウナギ稚魚への給餌及び生育観察
実施例2のウナギ用飼料を用いて、ウナギ稚魚の成育観察を行った。
ウナギ稚魚としては、養殖のクロコ(体重25~50g程度)4500匹を用いた。25t水槽で飼育されたウナギ稚魚4500匹に対し、ウナギ用飼料を1日1回、体重の1.6~2.0重量%のウナギ用飼料を給餌して飼育したところ、給餌開始から、120日間、病気の発生もなく、順調に生育することが確認された。 (2-5) Feeding to eel fry and observation of growth Using the eel feed of Example 2, the growth of the eel fry was observed.
As eel fry, 4500 cultured crocodiles (weight approximately 25 to 50 g) were used. When 4500 eel fry reared in a 25-ton aquarium were bred by feeding eel feed once a day, 1.6 to 2.0% by weight of eel feed, 120 It was confirmed that the plant grew smoothly without any illness every day.
実施例2のウナギ用飼料を用いて、ウナギ稚魚の成育観察を行った。
ウナギ稚魚としては、養殖のクロコ(体重25~50g程度)4500匹を用いた。25t水槽で飼育されたウナギ稚魚4500匹に対し、ウナギ用飼料を1日1回、体重の1.6~2.0重量%のウナギ用飼料を給餌して飼育したところ、給餌開始から、120日間、病気の発生もなく、順調に生育することが確認された。 (2-5) Feeding to eel fry and observation of growth Using the eel feed of Example 2, the growth of the eel fry was observed.
As eel fry, 4500 cultured crocodiles (weight approximately 25 to 50 g) were used. When 4500 eel fry reared in a 25-ton aquarium were bred by feeding eel feed once a day, 1.6 to 2.0% by weight of eel feed, 120 It was confirmed that the plant grew smoothly without any illness every day.
(2-6)ウナギ用飼料におけるシャコの尾部の有無とウナギ生育状態
以下のウナギ用飼料を用いて、ウナギ用飼料中に、シャコの尾部が含まれる場合と含まれない場合の生育状態を比較した。
(1)ウナギ用飼料
ウナギ用飼料1(尾部なし):尾部のみを除去したシャコ(有頭シャコ):20重量%
配合飼料:80重量%
ウナギ用飼料2(尾部あり):尾部を除去していないシャコ:20重量%
配合飼料:80重量%
ウナギ用飼料3(コントロール):配合飼料:100重量%
なお、ウナギ用飼料1は上記「実施例1のウナギ用飼料」に相当し、その製造方法も実施例1と同じである。また、配合飼料は上記実施例1で説明した配合飼料と同じである。
(2-6) Presence and absence of eel tails in eel feed and eel growth status Using the following eel feed, compare the growth status of eel feed with and without the tail of the octopus did.
(1) Feed for eel Feed for eel 1 (without tail): Mantis with the tail removed (headed mantis): 20% by weight
Formula feed: 80% by weight
Eel feed 2 (with tail): Mantis without removing tail: 20% by weight
Formula feed: 80% by weight
Eel feed 3 (control): Formula feed: 100% by weight
The eel feed 1 corresponds to the above-mentioned “eel feed of Example 1”, and the production method thereof is the same as that of Example 1. The mixed feed is the same as the mixed feed described in Example 1 above.
以下のウナギ用飼料を用いて、ウナギ用飼料中に、シャコの尾部が含まれる場合と含まれない場合の生育状態を比較した。
(1)ウナギ用飼料
ウナギ用飼料1(尾部なし):尾部のみを除去したシャコ(有頭シャコ):20重量%
配合飼料:80重量%
ウナギ用飼料2(尾部あり):尾部を除去していないシャコ:20重量%
配合飼料:80重量%
ウナギ用飼料3(コントロール):配合飼料:100重量%
なお、ウナギ用飼料1は上記「実施例1のウナギ用飼料」に相当し、その製造方法も実施例1と同じである。また、配合飼料は上記実施例1で説明した配合飼料と同じである。
(2-6) Presence and absence of eel tails in eel feed and eel growth status Using the following eel feed, compare the growth status of eel feed with and without the tail of the octopus did.
(1) Feed for eel Feed for eel 1 (without tail): Mantis with the tail removed (headed mantis): 20% by weight
Formula feed: 80% by weight
Eel feed 2 (with tail): Mantis without removing tail: 20% by weight
Formula feed: 80% by weight
Eel feed 3 (control): Formula feed: 100% by weight
The eel feed 1 corresponds to the above-mentioned “eel feed of Example 1”, and the production method thereof is the same as that of Example 1. The mixed feed is the same as the mixed feed described in Example 1 above.
(2)成育方法
試験区:5トン水槽:3面
評価対象のウナギ:鹿児島県産のウナギ(約200gサイズ)
給餌量:ウナギの体重の1.6重量%を目安として算出
飼育期間:約6か月
3面の各水槽に評価対象のウナギ約200個体を入れ、ウナギ用飼料1~3を上記条件で1日1回給餌し、ウナギの生育を行った。なお、ウナギ用飼料1,2を与えた水槽においても、養殖初期には、餌食いが安定するまで(数日程度)、ウナギ用飼料3を給餌して馴至させた。
各水槽から一日一回の頻度で任意にウナギを取り出し、各水槽のウナギの成育状態の観察を行った。 (2) Growth method Test area: 5 ton water tank: 3 eels to be evaluated: eels from Kagoshima prefecture (approx. 200g size)
Feeding amount: Calculated using 1.6% by weight of eel as a guide Breeding period: About 6 months About 200 eels to be evaluated are placed in each of the three aquariums, and 1 to 3 eel feeds are placed under the above conditions. Feeding once a day and growing eels. In the aquarium to which the eel feeds 1 and 2 were fed, the eel feed 3 was fed and acclimatized until the prey was stabilized (approximately several days) at the beginning of the culture.
An eel was arbitrarily taken out from each tank at a frequency of once a day, and the growth state of the eel in each tank was observed.
試験区:5トン水槽:3面
評価対象のウナギ:鹿児島県産のウナギ(約200gサイズ)
給餌量:ウナギの体重の1.6重量%を目安として算出
飼育期間:約6か月
3面の各水槽に評価対象のウナギ約200個体を入れ、ウナギ用飼料1~3を上記条件で1日1回給餌し、ウナギの生育を行った。なお、ウナギ用飼料1,2を与えた水槽においても、養殖初期には、餌食いが安定するまで(数日程度)、ウナギ用飼料3を給餌して馴至させた。
各水槽から一日一回の頻度で任意にウナギを取り出し、各水槽のウナギの成育状態の観察を行った。 (2) Growth method Test area: 5 ton water tank: 3 eels to be evaluated: eels from Kagoshima prefecture (approx. 200g size)
Feeding amount: Calculated using 1.6% by weight of eel as a guide Breeding period: About 6 months About 200 eels to be evaluated are placed in each of the three aquariums, and 1 to 3 eel feeds are placed under the above conditions. Feeding once a day and growing eels. In the aquarium to which the eel feeds 1 and 2 were fed, the eel feed 3 was fed and acclimatized until the prey was stabilized (approximately several days) at the beginning of the culture.
An eel was arbitrarily taken out from each tank at a frequency of once a day, and the growth state of the eel in each tank was observed.
(試験結果)
試験初期には、ウナギ用飼料1~3とも差異が認められなかったが、試験開始1か月程度から、ウナギ用飼料3と比較して、シャコを含むウナギ用飼料1,2を与えたウナギの成育が良好になることが認められた。
その後もウナギ用飼料(尾部なし)を与えた水槽のウナギは、順調に成育したが、ウナギ用飼料2(尾部あり)を与えた水槽のウナギは、試験開始2か月程度から死亡する個体数が増加し、餌食いも明らかに悪くなった。
ウナギ用飼料2を与えた水槽で死亡したウナギを解剖したところ、体内に水がたまったり、食道に細いが固く鋭い尾の部分がひかかっていたりすることを確認した。
(Test results)
At the beginning of the test, no difference was observed with eel feeds 1 to 3, but from the first month of the test, compared to eel feed 3,eels 1 and 2 containing eel were provided. It was observed that the growth of
After that, the eels in the aquarium fed with eel feed (without tail) grew steadily, but the eels in the aquarium fed with eel feed 2 (with tail) died from about two months after the start of the test. Increased, and prey was also clearly worse.
When the dead eel was dissected in the water tank to which thefeed 2 for eels was given, it was confirmed that water accumulated in the body and a thin but hard and sharp tail part was caught on the esophagus.
試験初期には、ウナギ用飼料1~3とも差異が認められなかったが、試験開始1か月程度から、ウナギ用飼料3と比較して、シャコを含むウナギ用飼料1,2を与えたウナギの成育が良好になることが認められた。
その後もウナギ用飼料(尾部なし)を与えた水槽のウナギは、順調に成育したが、ウナギ用飼料2(尾部あり)を与えた水槽のウナギは、試験開始2か月程度から死亡する個体数が増加し、餌食いも明らかに悪くなった。
ウナギ用飼料2を与えた水槽で死亡したウナギを解剖したところ、体内に水がたまったり、食道に細いが固く鋭い尾の部分がひかかっていたりすることを確認した。
(Test results)
At the beginning of the test, no difference was observed with eel feeds 1 to 3, but from the first month of the test, compared to eel feed 3,
After that, the eels in the aquarium fed with eel feed (without tail) grew steadily, but the eels in the aquarium fed with eel feed 2 (with tail) died from about two months after the start of the test. Increased, and prey was also clearly worse.
When the dead eel was dissected in the water tank to which the
(2-7)ウナギ用飼料における乳酸菌の効果
以下のウナギ用飼料を用いて、ウナギ用飼料中に、乳酸菌が含まれる場合と含まれない場合のウナギ身肉の匂い、味、食感を比較した。
(1)ウナギ用飼料
ウナギ用飼料A(乳酸菌なし):有頭シャコ:20重量%
配合飼料:80重量%
ウナギ用飼料B(乳酸菌なし):有頭シャコ:20重量%
配合飼料:80重量%
ウナギ用飼料C(コントロール):配合飼料:100重量%
なお、ウナギ用飼料Aは上記「実施例1のウナギ用飼料」に相当し、その製造方法も実施例1と同じである。また、配合飼料は上記実施例1で説明した配合飼料と同じである。 (2-7) Effects of lactic acid bacteria in eel feed Comparison of eel meat odor, taste, and texture with and without lactic acid bacteria in eel feed using the following eel feed did.
(1) Eel feed Eel feed A (without lactic acid bacteria): headed clam: 20% by weight
Formula feed: 80% by weight
Eel feed B (without lactic acid bacteria): Headed clam: 20% by weight
Formula feed: 80% by weight
Eel feed C (control): Formula feed: 100% by weight
The eel feed A corresponds to the above-mentioned “eel feed of Example 1”, and the production method thereof is the same as that of Example 1. The mixed feed is the same as the mixed feed described in Example 1 above.
以下のウナギ用飼料を用いて、ウナギ用飼料中に、乳酸菌が含まれる場合と含まれない場合のウナギ身肉の匂い、味、食感を比較した。
(1)ウナギ用飼料
ウナギ用飼料A(乳酸菌なし):有頭シャコ:20重量%
配合飼料:80重量%
ウナギ用飼料B(乳酸菌なし):有頭シャコ:20重量%
配合飼料:80重量%
ウナギ用飼料C(コントロール):配合飼料:100重量%
なお、ウナギ用飼料Aは上記「実施例1のウナギ用飼料」に相当し、その製造方法も実施例1と同じである。また、配合飼料は上記実施例1で説明した配合飼料と同じである。 (2-7) Effects of lactic acid bacteria in eel feed Comparison of eel meat odor, taste, and texture with and without lactic acid bacteria in eel feed using the following eel feed did.
(1) Eel feed Eel feed A (without lactic acid bacteria): headed clam: 20% by weight
Formula feed: 80% by weight
Eel feed B (without lactic acid bacteria): Headed clam: 20% by weight
Formula feed: 80% by weight
Eel feed C (control): Formula feed: 100% by weight
The eel feed A corresponds to the above-mentioned “eel feed of Example 1”, and the production method thereof is the same as that of Example 1. The mixed feed is the same as the mixed feed described in Example 1 above.
ウナギ用飼料Bは以下のように製造した
まず、実施例1と同様の冷凍された有頭シャコ80g(乾燥重量約20g)に水90gを加え、ミキサーでミキシングして、シャコミンチを得た。得られたシャコミンチ全量と、配合飼料70g(乾燥重量)及び水30gを所定の容器で均一になるまで十分に混練して、さらに、乾燥野菜0.1g、乳酸菌等を含む水溶性トーアラーゼ(登録商標、東亜薬品工業株式会社製)0.20g及び植物油0.05gを加えて混練することでウナギ用飼料Bを得た。 The eel feed B was produced as follows. First, 90 g of water was added to 80 g of frozen headed oysters (dry weight: about 20 g) as in Example 1, and mixed with a mixer to obtain a minced meat. The total amount of the obtained minced minced meat, 70 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed and 30 g of water are sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and further 0.1 g of dried vegetables, water-soluble tourase (registered trademark) containing lactic acid bacteria, etc. Eel feed B was obtained by adding and kneading 0.20 g of Toa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and 0.05 g of vegetable oil.
まず、実施例1と同様の冷凍された有頭シャコ80g(乾燥重量約20g)に水90gを加え、ミキサーでミキシングして、シャコミンチを得た。得られたシャコミンチ全量と、配合飼料70g(乾燥重量)及び水30gを所定の容器で均一になるまで十分に混練して、さらに、乾燥野菜0.1g、乳酸菌等を含む水溶性トーアラーゼ(登録商標、東亜薬品工業株式会社製)0.20g及び植物油0.05gを加えて混練することでウナギ用飼料Bを得た。 The eel feed B was produced as follows. First, 90 g of water was added to 80 g of frozen headed oysters (dry weight: about 20 g) as in Example 1, and mixed with a mixer to obtain a minced meat. The total amount of the obtained minced minced meat, 70 g (dry weight) of the mixed feed and 30 g of water are sufficiently kneaded in a predetermined container until uniform, and further 0.1 g of dried vegetables, water-soluble tourase (registered trademark) containing lactic acid bacteria, etc. Eel feed B was obtained by adding and kneading 0.20 g of Toa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and 0.05 g of vegetable oil.
(2)成育方法
試験区:5トン水槽:3面
評価対象のウナギ:鹿児島県産のウナギ(約200gサイズ)
給餌量:ウナギの体重の1.6重量%を目安として算出
飼育期間:約6か月
3面の各水槽に評価対象のウナギ約200個体を入れ、ウナギ用飼料A,B,Cを上記条件で1日1回給餌し、ウナギの生育を行った。なお、ウナギ用飼料A,Bを与えた水槽においても、養殖初期には、餌食いが安定するまで(数日程度)、ウナギ用飼料Cを給餌して馴至させた。 (2) Growth method Test area: 5 ton water tank: 3 eels to be evaluated: eels from Kagoshima prefecture (approx. 200g size)
Feeding amount: Calculated using 1.6% by weight of eel body weight as a guide Breeding period: About 6 months About 200 eels to be evaluated are placed in each of the three aquariums, and eel feed A, B, and C are as described above. And fed once a day to grow eels. In the aquarium fed with eel feeds A and B, eel feed C was fed and acclimatized until the prey was stable (several days) at the beginning of the culture.
試験区:5トン水槽:3面
評価対象のウナギ:鹿児島県産のウナギ(約200gサイズ)
給餌量:ウナギの体重の1.6重量%を目安として算出
飼育期間:約6か月
3面の各水槽に評価対象のウナギ約200個体を入れ、ウナギ用飼料A,B,Cを上記条件で1日1回給餌し、ウナギの生育を行った。なお、ウナギ用飼料A,Bを与えた水槽においても、養殖初期には、餌食いが安定するまで(数日程度)、ウナギ用飼料Cを給餌して馴至させた。 (2) Growth method Test area: 5 ton water tank: 3 eels to be evaluated: eels from Kagoshima prefecture (approx. 200g size)
Feeding amount: Calculated using 1.6% by weight of eel body weight as a guide Breeding period: About 6 months About 200 eels to be evaluated are placed in each of the three aquariums, and eel feed A, B, and C are as described above. And fed once a day to grow eels. In the aquarium fed with eel feeds A and B, eel feed C was fed and acclimatized until the prey was stable (several days) at the beginning of the culture.
(試験結果)
ウナギ用飼料A,B,Cを与え、十分に生育した養殖ウナギを白焼きで調理し、匂い、味、食感を評価した。
ウナギ用飼料C(コントロール群)で養殖したウナギは養殖魚独特の匂いがし、味、食感も天然ウナギに比べると劣っていた。
一方、ウナギ用飼料A,Bで養殖したウナギは、養殖魚独特の匂いを感じず、味、食感ともに良好であった。特に、乳酸菌を含むウナギ用飼料Bを与えたウナギは、味、食感、匂いともウナギ用飼料Aよりより良好であった。 (Test results)
Eel feed A, B, and C were given, and fully grown cultured eels were cooked on a white grill and evaluated for odor, taste, and texture.
Eels cultivated with eel feed C (control group) smelled peculiar to farmed fish, and the taste and texture were inferior to natural eels.
On the other hand, eels cultivated with eel feed A and B did not feel the unique smell of farmed fish, and both taste and texture were good. In particular, the eel fed with the eel feed B containing lactic acid bacteria was better than the eel feed A in both taste, texture and smell.
ウナギ用飼料A,B,Cを与え、十分に生育した養殖ウナギを白焼きで調理し、匂い、味、食感を評価した。
ウナギ用飼料C(コントロール群)で養殖したウナギは養殖魚独特の匂いがし、味、食感も天然ウナギに比べると劣っていた。
一方、ウナギ用飼料A,Bで養殖したウナギは、養殖魚独特の匂いを感じず、味、食感ともに良好であった。特に、乳酸菌を含むウナギ用飼料Bを与えたウナギは、味、食感、匂いともウナギ用飼料Aよりより良好であった。 (Test results)
Eel feed A, B, and C were given, and fully grown cultured eels were cooked on a white grill and evaluated for odor, taste, and texture.
Eels cultivated with eel feed C (control group) smelled peculiar to farmed fish, and the taste and texture were inferior to natural eels.
On the other hand, eels cultivated with eel feed A and B did not feel the unique smell of farmed fish, and both taste and texture were good. In particular, the eel fed with the eel feed B containing lactic acid bacteria was better than the eel feed A in both taste, texture and smell.
本発明のウナギ用飼料及び養殖ウナギの生産方法では、天然ウナギに匹敵する匂い、味、食感を有する養殖ウナギを生産することができる。さらに通常、廃棄されているシャコ類の身肉以外にも、頭部や甲殻等の残渣を有効利用できるので、産業廃棄物の減少に寄与することができる。
The eel feed and the cultured eel production method of the present invention can produce cultured eels that have an odor, taste and texture comparable to natural eels. Furthermore, since residues such as heads and shells can be effectively used in addition to the clam meat that is usually discarded, it can contribute to the reduction of industrial waste.
Claims (10)
- シャコ類の尾部のみを取り除いた、頭部(頭部甲殻及び内容物)及び胴体部(甲殻及び身肉)を原材料とするシャコ類由来原料を、配合飼料に添加してなることを特徴とするウナギ用飼料。 It is characterized by adding to the compound feed the raw materials derived from the giant clam with the head (head crust and contents) and the trunk (shell and meat) as raw materials, with the tail of the giant clam removed. Eel feed.
- 前記シャコ類由来原料及び前記配合飼料それぞれの乾燥重量の合計を100重量%としたときに、前記シャコ類由来原料が、5重量%以上45重量%以下含有される請求項1に記載のウナギ用飼料。 The eel-derived material for eels according to claim 1, wherein the material of the giant clam-derived material is contained in an amount of 5 wt% or more and 45 wt% or less when the total dry weight of the crab-derived material and the blended feed is 100 wt%. feed.
- 前記配合飼料が、魚粉を主成分とする請求項1または2に記載のウナギ用飼料。 The eel feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blended feed is mainly composed of fish meal.
- さらに乳酸菌を含有する請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料。 The eel feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising lactic acid bacteria.
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料を、ウナギ稚魚に摂餌させるウナギ稚魚の成育方法。 A method for growing eel fry, wherein the eel fry is fed with the eel feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
- 前記ウナギ稚魚が、クロコである請求項5に記載のウナギ稚魚の成育方法。 The method of growing eel fry according to claim 5, wherein the eel fry is crocodile.
- 請求項5または6に記載の成育方法により、ウナギ稚魚を成育させる工程を含む養殖ウナギの生産方法。 A method for producing a cultured eel comprising a step of growing eel fry by the growth method according to claim 5 or 6.
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料を、ウナギ成魚に摂餌させることを特徴とする養殖ウナギの生産方法。 A method for producing a cultured eel characterized by feeding adult eels with the eel feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のウナギ用飼料をウナギに摂餌させ、ウナギ身肉に含まれるアミノ酸を増加させることを特徴とするウナギ身肉のアミノ酸増加方法。 5. A method for increasing amino acids in eel meat, characterized in that the eel feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is fed to the eel and the amino acids contained in the eel meat are increased.
- 増加するアミノ酸が、グリシン、アラニン、プロリン及びアルギニンから選ばれる1種以上のアミノ酸である請求項9に記載のウナギ身肉のアミノ酸増加方法。 The method for increasing amino acids of eel meat according to claim 9, wherein the increasing amino acid is one or more amino acids selected from glycine, alanine, proline and arginine.
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CN105145429A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-12-16 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | River eel green culturing method |
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CN106942530A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 于果 | A kind of feed formula of mantis nymph artificial feeding |
CN107743901A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-02 | 合肥申仁养殖有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for reducing the Penaeus Vannmei incidence of disease |
CN112741231A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-04 | 广西民族师范学院 | Probiotic-based antibiotic-free eel feed and preparation method thereof |
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JP5485457B1 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2014-05-07 | 株式会社西日本冷食 | Eel feed |
CN104823887A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-12 | 董勇 | Directionally induced large-scale rice field eel culture method |
CN105341551A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-02-24 | 青岛博泰美联化工技术有限公司 | Eel feed |
CN105613371A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-06-01 | 苏州市阳澄湖三家村蟹业有限公司 | High-yield breeding method of white shrimps |
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JP5485457B1 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2014-05-07 | 株式会社西日本冷食 | Eel feed |
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Cited By (6)
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CN105010201A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-04 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | Green high-yield finless eel breeding method |
CN105145429A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-12-16 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | River eel green culturing method |
CN106035175A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-10-26 | 孙光英 | Breeding method for increasing survival rate of crucian carps at juvenile stage |
CN106942530A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 于果 | A kind of feed formula of mantis nymph artificial feeding |
CN107743901A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-02 | 合肥申仁养殖有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for reducing the Penaeus Vannmei incidence of disease |
CN112741231A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-04 | 广西民族师范学院 | Probiotic-based antibiotic-free eel feed and preparation method thereof |
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JP2015043752A (en) | 2015-03-12 |
TW201513791A (en) | 2015-04-16 |
JP5485457B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
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