WO2015004762A1 - Cell culturing method, device, and cell sheet - Google Patents

Cell culturing method, device, and cell sheet Download PDF

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WO2015004762A1
WO2015004762A1 PCT/JP2013/068924 JP2013068924W WO2015004762A1 WO 2015004762 A1 WO2015004762 A1 WO 2015004762A1 JP 2013068924 W JP2013068924 W JP 2013068924W WO 2015004762 A1 WO2015004762 A1 WO 2015004762A1
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cells
cell
compound
period
cell culture
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PCT/JP2013/068924
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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亮太 中嶌
志津 松岡
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株式会社日立製作所
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M25/00Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
    • C12M25/02Membranes; Filters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/08Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing artificial tissue or for ex-vivo cultivation of tissue

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  • the present invention relates to a cell culture technique, and in particular, to a cell culture method, a cell culture apparatus, and a cell sheet to be produced.
  • a sheet is used.
  • the reduction of regenerative tissue manufacturing cost is the most important issue.
  • development of a technique for shortening the cell sheet production process which usually takes several weeks, is expected.
  • Patent Document 1 culture is performed at an oxygen concentration lower than the oxygen concentration (O 2 of about 20%) which is a normal cell culture environment, and the proliferation of epithelial stem / progenitor cells, which are cells forming stratified epithelial tissue, is promoted.
  • a means for shortening the production period of the stratified epithelial cell sheet by setting the oxygen concentration to about 20% at the stratification stage is disclosed.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a means for efficiently producing an epidermal cell sheet by adding an IL-1 receptor antagonist or an IL-1 ⁇ neutralizing antibody to promote cell proliferation.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 discloses that epidermal cell proliferation is promoted by adding a low molecular weight compound that suppresses Notch signaling.
  • Patent Document 1 requires an expensive apparatus for controlling the oxygen concentration, and Non-Patent Document 1 requires expensive reagents such as cytokines and antibodies, thereby reducing the production cost of the cell sheet. The problem of doing was not solved.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 how to shorten the culture period as a whole culture period including the period for forming the three-dimensional structure of the cell sheet after culturing using a low molecular weight compound that suppresses Notch signaling. This problem has not been solved.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve such problems, shorten the production period, and produce a multi-layered epithelial tissue using a compound that suppresses differentiation, which can be produced in large quantities at low cost, and produced by the method
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a cell sheet and a cell culture apparatus.
  • the first period of the self-replicating period of the cells is the first period of the compound that suppresses differentiation.
  • the compound that suppresses differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount, and a second period including a period in which the cells are stratified is A cell culture method for culturing with a second supply amount is provided.
  • a cell culture apparatus a culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to a culture region for culturing cells forming a stratified epithelial tissue
  • the control unit includes a compound concentration adjusting unit that adjusts the supply amount of the compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture solution supplying unit, and a control unit
  • the control unit is a cell in a period of culturing the cells that form the stratified epithelial tissue.
  • the first period within the period of self-replication is cultured with the first supply amount of the compound that suppresses differentiation, and the compound that suppresses differentiation is determined from the first supply amount based on the degree of cell proliferation.
  • a cell culture device configured to control a compound concentration control unit so that a second supply amount is changed to a small second supply amount and a second period including a period in which cells are layered is cultured at a second supply amount.
  • the cell culture sheet among the period of culturing the cells forming the stratified epithelial tissue, the first period within the period of self-replication of the cells,
  • the compound is cultured with the first supply amount of the compound that suppresses differentiation, and the compound that suppresses differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount based on the degree of cell proliferation,
  • the cell culture method, the cell culture apparatus, and the cell sheet according to the present invention it is possible to culture cells forming a tissue in a short time.
  • FIG. 1 The figure which shows the experimental condition based on Example 1.
  • FIG. The figure which shows the flow of cell sheet formation based on Example 1.
  • FIG. The figure which shows the phase-contrast microscope image from the 1st day to the 6th day of human epidermal cell culture based on Example 1.
  • FIG. The figure which shows the phase-contrast microscope image from the human epidermis cell culture based on Example 1 from the 7th day to the 14th day.
  • FIG. 1 The figure which shows the result of having quantified the intracellular DNA of the culture
  • FIG. The figure which shows the culture result list based on Example 1.
  • FIG. The figure which shows the relationship between the culture
  • FIG. The block diagram of the automatic cell culture apparatus in the case of switching the oxygen concentration of the whole culture tank based on Example 2.
  • FIG. The block diagram of an apparatus when an optical coherence tomography is added to the structure of the automatic cell culture apparatus based on Example 2.
  • FIG. 1 The block diagram of the apparatus at the time of adding an optical coherence tomography and a transepithelial electrical resistance measuring apparatus to the structure of the automatic cell culture apparatus based on Example 2.
  • FIG. 4 The block diagram of the apparatus in the case of switching the oxygen concentration in the culture container based on Example 4 directly.
  • FIG. 4 The apparatus block diagram at the time of adding an optical coherence tomometer and a transepithelial electrical resistance measuring apparatus to the structure of the automatic cell culture apparatus based on Example 4.
  • the period of culturing with the first supply amount of the compound that suppresses differentiation is the first period
  • the second period of the compound that suppresses differentiation The period of culturing with the supplied amount will be referred to as the second period.
  • This first period is a period within a period in which the cells forming the stratified epithelial tissue are self-replicating
  • the second period is a period including a period in which the cells forming the stratified epithelial tissue are stratified.
  • the cell species is not limited to humans, and may be mammalian cells such as mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and pigs.
  • the cell type is not limited to epidermal cells, and may be other stratified epithelial cells such as oral cavity and cornea.
  • This stratified epithelial cell means a cell that forms stratified epithelial tissue, and includes, for example, a stem cell or a progenitor cell.
  • the culture process of the stratified epithelial cell sheet is divided into a self-replication period in which proliferating cells such as stem cells and progenitor cells self-replicate, and a differentiation period in which cell differentiation is performed after occupying a certain amount of the culture surface by self-replication.
  • proliferating cells such as stem cells and progenitor cells self-replicate
  • differentiation period in which cell differentiation is performed after occupying a certain amount of the culture surface by self-replication.
  • ⁇ -secretase inhibitor DAPT that suppresses Notch signaling was used at 10 ⁇ M.
  • Commercially available human epidermal cells were used as the stratified epithelial cells.
  • NIH / 3T3 cells which are mouse fibroblasts, are used as feeder cells
  • Comparative Example 1 shows the case where DAPT dissolution reagent DMSO is added during the entire culture period
  • Comparative Example 2 shows the case where DAPT 10 ⁇ M is added during the whole culture period
  • Self Example 1 was the case where DAPT 10 ⁇ M was added during the replication phase and only DMSO was added during the stratification phase.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a list of experimental conditions according to the present embodiment described above.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the flow of cell sheet formation according to this example.
  • Proliferating cells such as stem cells and progenitor cells seeded on the culture surface adhere, proliferate, and are cultured closely without any gaps in the culture area (hereinafter referred to as confluent), and then by self-replication.
  • the cells are condensed by the proliferation of the cells, and the volume of each cell is reduced to be spread (hereinafter referred to as a paving stone shape).
  • the differentiated cells are then stratified, completing the stratified epithelial cell sheet.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing phase contrast microscopic images of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 3, and Examples 1 and 2 up to the sixth day of culture.
  • Comparative Example 1 cells were in the process of cell growth on the 6th day of culture, whereas in Example 1, confluence was passed on the 6th day of culture and showed a paving stone form.
  • Comparative Example 3 cells were in the process of cell growth on the 6th day of culture, whereas in Example 2, confluence was passed on the 6th day of culture and showed a paving stone-like form.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing phase contrast microscopic images of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and Examples 1 and 2 after the seventh day of culture according to the present example.
  • Comparative Example 1 confluence occurred on the 12th day of culture and a paving stone-like form was exhibited, and the culture was terminated on the 18th day of culture, whereas in Comparative Example 2 and Example 1, the 12th day of culture. The culture was terminated on the eyes.
  • Comparative Example 2 the paving stone-like form was not maintained after the seventh day of culture, whereas in Example 1, a clean paving stone-like form was maintained.
  • Comparative Example 3 In the case where no feeder cells were used, in Comparative Example 3, cells did not proliferate even after 18 days of culture, whereas in Comparative Example 4 and Example 2, the culture was terminated on the 12th day of culture. In Comparative Example 4, the paving stone-like form was not maintained after the seventh day of culture, whereas in Example 2, a clean paving stone-like form was maintained.
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing the appearance of the cell sheet before peeling from the culture surface after the cultivation of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and Examples 1 and 2 according to this example and the appearance after peeling.
  • the cell sheet was completed in 18 days of culture in Comparative Example 1, whereas the cell sheet was thin in 12 days in Comparative Example 2, but the cell surface was thin. The cell sheet contracted significantly after peeling.
  • Example 1 a thick cell sheet could be prepared in 12 days of culture, and the cell sheet was kept clean after being detached from the culture surface.
  • Example 2 shows that when feeder cells are used, in Example 1, the cell sheet preparation period can be shortened by about 6 days. Surprisingly, when feeder cells are not used, it is difficult to prepare conventional cell sheets. On the other hand, Example 2 shows that a cell sheet can be produced in a period equivalent to that when feeder cells are used and in a period shorter by about 6 days than Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows the end of the culturing according to this example, that is, the 18th day of culturing of Comparative Example 1, the 12th day of culturing of Comparative Example 2, the 12th day of culturing of Comparative Example 4, the 12th day of culturing of Example 1, and the culturing of Example 2.
  • the analyzed genes are epithelial stem / progenitor cell markers TP63, KRT15, ITGA6, ITGB1, epidermal spinal layer cell markers KRT1, KRT10, IVL, and epidermal granule cell marker FLG, LOR.
  • the housekeeping gene for correction was TBP.
  • the gene expression levels of TP63 and ITGA6 were about twice that of Comparative Example 1 in Examples 1 and 2 (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • the expression level of KRT15 was not significantly different between Example 2 and Comparative Example 1, but was significantly lower than Example 1 and was about 0.3 times (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • the expression level of ITGB1 was not significantly different from Comparative Example 1 in Examples 1 and 2.
  • Example 1 The expression levels of KRT1, KRT10, FLG and LOR were 3-8 times higher in Example 1 than in Comparative Example 1 (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • Example 2 was 0.3-0.01 times that of Comparative Example 1 (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • the expression level of IVL was not significantly different from Comparative Example 1 in Examples 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of quantitative analysis of the number of cells on the 6th day of culture in Comparative Examples 1 and 3 and Examples 1 and 2, according to this example.
  • Example 1 the amount of DNA contained in the cells was significantly larger than that in Comparative Example 1, and in Example 2, the amount of DNA contained in the cells was significantly larger than that in Comparative Example 3. This result supports the result of the present embodiment shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a table summarizing the results of FIGS. 3 to 6 according to the present embodiment.
  • the results shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 8 show that in Example 1, a regenerated tissue can be produced in a shorter time than Comparative Example 1 which is a conventional method, and the produced tissue is the same structure as Comparative Example 1 of the conventional method. It shows that. Furthermore, in Example 2, the regenerated tissue can be produced with good reproducibility compared to Comparative Example 3 that has been difficult to produce in the past, indicating that the tissue is equivalent to Comparative Example 1.
  • the feeder cells described above have a role of assisting the proliferation and stratification of stratified epithelial cells, and are frequently used in this field.
  • many different types of cells are used as feeder cells. It is not preferable when the cell sheet is used for treatment. Therefore, it is better to be able to produce a cell sheet free of feeder cells.
  • the method described in the above-described example enables the production of a material that has been difficult to produce under the feeder cell-free condition, which is more preferable in regenerative medicine.
  • the cell sheet production period has been shortened by about 6 days. This is a surprising result and data showing the usefulness of the method.
  • the example described above is an example showing a method for producing a stratified epithelial cell sheet in a short period of time.
  • a compound that suppresses differentiation in addition to the above-mentioned DAPT, a ⁇ -secretase inhibitor that suppresses Notch signaling is used.
  • Use of certain L-685 458, DibenzazepineLY (LY411575), LY450136, MK-0752, etc. can be considered, but is not limited thereto.
  • any protein involved in stratification / differentiation of the stratified epithelium may be used, and cells can be cultured in a shorter period than the time required for conventional culture methods.
  • the concentration of the compound to be added during the self-replication period may be a concentration that can suppress the activity of the differentiation-related protein, and LC50 that is a concentration that suppresses the activity of the protein by half is preferable, but preferably the activity of the protein is completely
  • the concentration that can be suppressed is good.
  • the concentration of the compound in the stratification phase may be a concentration that can cancel the inhibition of the activity of the differentiation-related protein, and is less than LC50 that is a concentration that suppresses the activity of the protein by half, but preferably the activity of the protein is completely suppressed. It is better not to add a compound so that it can be released. Specific methods for the various experiments described above are shown below.
  • ⁇ Human epidermal cell culture method As the epidermal cells, commercially available normal human epidermal keratinocytes (DS Pharma) were used. The thawed and frozen cells were cultured as P1 in a dedicated serum-free medium (DS Pharma), and the cells (P3) that had been subcultured twice and proliferated were stored frozen and used as a cell source for cell sheet preparation. At the time of cell sheet preparation, cryopreserved P3 cells cultured in a dedicated serum-free medium were used for experiments.
  • DS Pharma normal human epidermal keratinocytes
  • a 6-well plate insert (BD bioscience, pore size 0.4 ⁇ m) and a 6-well plate (Asahi Techno Glass) were used as the culture container, and 5% FBS used for culturing epithelial cells was used as the culture medium.
  • the containing KCM medium was used.
  • NIH / 3T3 mouse-derived fibroblasts were used as feeder cells.
  • 3T3 was treated with mitomycin C for 2 hours (10 ⁇ g / ml) to stop cell growth before culturing.
  • DAPT was manufactured by Calbiochem, and DMSO was manufactured by Nacalai Tesque.
  • Comparative Example 1 was cultured on the 18th day, Comparative Example 2 was cultured on the 12th day, Comparative Example 4 was cultured on the 12th day, Example 1 was cultured on the 12th day, and Example 2 was cultured from the culture surface after culturing on the 12th day.
  • the sheet was peeled off, washed with PBS, and stored frozen as a sample for RNA extraction. Thereafter, cDNA was prepared from the cryopreserved cells using RNeasy plus mini kit (Qiagen) and used as a PCR template.
  • the inter-sample correction gene is TATA-box binding protein, ⁇ Np63 (TP63) and Cytokeratin15 (KRT15), Integrin ⁇ 6 (ITGA6), Integrin ⁇ 1 (ITGB1), and epitoid differentiation marker Cytokeratin1 (KRT1) ), Cytokeratin10 (KRT10), Involucrin (IVL), Filaggrin (FLG), Loricrin (LOR), using a total of nine Taqman probes, the amount of gene expression in each sample was quantified with a real-time PCR device (Takara Bio Inc.) did.
  • a 15 ⁇ m-thick section was prepared with a microtome from the frozen embedded tissue. Using the prepared sections, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed according to a conventional method.
  • the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation is changed, in other words, the supply amount of the compound that suppresses differentiation is the first supply amount.
  • a specific method for changing from the first supply amount to the second supply amount will be described.
  • cells seeded in a culture space such as a culture vessel are cultured in a culture solution to which a predetermined amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation is added.
  • a culture solution to which a predetermined amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation is added.
  • the self-replication phase cells repeat proliferation by replication more rapidly than when no compound that suppresses differentiation is added.
  • the overall size of cells that have grown and bound, or the size of a single cell, the rate of growth, and the like may vary. Therefore, it is desirable that the cell concentration obtained by self-replication is arbitrarily determined depending on the cell type, and the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation is switched from the first concentration to the second concentration.
  • the cells from which differentiation suppression has been released start differentiation and stratify.
  • the degree of cell proliferation can also be determined by the occupation ratio with respect to the culture surface (first surface) to be cultured.
  • the cells start to grow by self-replication so as to spread over the culture surface of the seeded culture space.
  • the cell occupancy with respect to the culture surface, which is the first surface becomes 100%, as described in the above principle, it is positioned as a confluent state.
  • the supply amount is switched by switching from the first supply amount to the second supply amount.
  • the occupation ratio for determining the switching timing can be arbitrarily set to 80% or 90% depending on the characteristics of the cell type.
  • the cobblestone form is a state that occurs from the time when cells become confluent until the start of the differentiation phase, and by switching the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation in the cobblestone form, the differentiation phase is compared to the confluent state. Since it can culture
  • the cells after switching the oxygen concentration are normally cultured by checking whether a phenomenon called tight junction that occurs in the differentiation period after the paving stone-like form occurs.
  • Tight junction is a transmembrane protein, a structure in which the cell gap is closed by claudin and occludin, and the cultured cells become tightly bound, thereby causing a paracellular pathway of dissolved substances, ions, and water. Is controlling. In other words, it can be determined by confirming the occurrence of tight junction that the cells are cultured in the absence of externally dissolved substances or contaminants.
  • the method of controlling the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation can be controlled by providing a plurality of culture solution tanks containing a culture solution having a predetermined compound concentration. Alternatively, it can be controlled by providing a mechanism for adjusting the compound concentration to an arbitrary concentration and adding it to the culture solution.
  • an example of an automatic cell culture device equipped with a function of automatically controlling the concentration of a compound that suppresses differentiation based on the principle and method described in Example 1 with reference to FIGS. Will be described.
  • the calculation means and the calculation function related to the control of the compound concentration will be described as a configuration example built in the control device in the automatic cell culture apparatus after this example, but the calculation means and the calculation function related to the control of the compound concentration are
  • the CPU is not limited to software executed by a central processing unit (CPU) that constitutes the control device 2 that functions as a control unit, but is a CPU built in an external computer of an automatic cell culture device or the like
  • the software may be executed by software or external dedicated hardware.
  • the automatic cell culture apparatus of this example will be outlined using the example of the overall configuration shown in FIG.
  • various components such as various control units controlled by the control device 2, pumps, sensors, and the like are connected to a thermostatic chamber 3 including a culture vessel 4. That is, a temperature adjusting unit 5 for controlling the temperature in the thermostatic chamber 3, a humidity adjusting unit 6 for controlling the humidity, and a gas concentration adjusting unit 8 connected to the gas supply unit 7 for controlling the gas concentration.
  • a temperature adjusting unit 5 for controlling the temperature in the thermostatic chamber 3
  • a humidity adjusting unit 6 for controlling the humidity
  • a gas concentration adjusting unit 8 connected to the gas supply unit 7 for controlling the gas concentration.
  • control device 2 includes a culture solution supply pump 10 having a liquid feeding tube connected to a culture solution / drainage tank 9 that holds the culture solution and waste solution for automatically replacing the culture solution in the culture vessel. And a compound supply unit 20 that supplies the compound to the culture vessel 4 or the culture solution tank 9 and a compound concentration adjustment unit 21 that adjusts the compound concentration, and controls the operation of each component. Furthermore, the control device 2 is connected with a temperature / humidity / CO 2 / O 2 sensor 11, a cell observation CCD camera 12, and a display unit 13 for the purpose of controlling the operation of these components. Yes. A value in the thermostat 3 is detected by the temperature / humidity / CO 2 / O 2 sensor 11.
  • oxygen is supplied into the thermostat 3, so that the closed culture vessel 4 can be supplied with a gas, such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethylpentene, or the like, preferably It is better to provide a porous film made of polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, or polyimide.
  • the porous diameter is preferably less than 20 nm in order to avoid invasion of viruses and bacteria into the culture vessel.
  • the control device 2 controls the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation
  • the user can directly observe the cells in the automatic culture device 1 to switch the compound concentration.
  • An image captured by an imaging unit that observes and images cells such as the camera 12 may be displayed on the display unit 13 for a display screen, and the user may switch the compound concentration based on the captured image.
  • the display unit 13 may use an output unit that prompts an instruction for hearing such as a buzzer instead of a visual display.
  • the control device 2 that has captured cells with the CCD camera 12 during culture and has acquired the cell images performs a process of detecting cells from the acquired image data by executing a predetermined function program.
  • the binarization based on the black and white or gray scale of the image is performed based on the luminance, and the cell occupation area in the image is calculated.
  • the compound concentration adjusting unit 21 is controlled to change the compound concentration.
  • the compound concentration is not switched, and the culture at the initial compound concentration state is continued, and the above operation is repeated at a predetermined timing, so that the cell occupation area becomes 100%. When this is reached, switch the compound concentration.
  • the compound concentration Since the cell occupancy increases as the self-replication of cells progresses, it is desirable to switch the compound concentration at a confluence of about 100% of the cell occupancy near the final process of self-replication. However, 80% or 90% can be arbitrarily set in accordance with the specifications of the CCD camera 12, the state of cell culture, the area where cells are actually cultured on the culture surface, and the like. If the cells do not reach confluence depending on the cell type, the timing for switching the compound concentration may be set according to the size and occupied area until the self-replication of the cells is completed.
  • the horizontal axis represents the number of days of culture and the vertical axis represents the average cell size ( ⁇ m).
  • the size is larger than that immediately after seeding, and the average cell size is the maximum near the confluence.
  • the cobblestone shape shown in FIG. 2 is reached, the number of cells per area increases and the cells shrink, so that the average cell size gradually decreases. Is fixed, so the cell size is constant.
  • the CCD camera 12 of the automatic cell culture device 1 in FIG. 10 takes a plurality of images in time series, and the control device 2 calculates cell size statistics using a plot file or the like based on the plurality of images. Furthermore, the average cell size for each image is calculated from the calculated statistical data, and compared with the average cell size included in the preceding and succeeding images in time series. By comparison, the average time-series change of the cell size can be calculated, and the timing when the cell size becomes the maximum value can be specified.
  • control device 2 changes the compound concentration from the first concentration to the second concentration after the specified maximum value, that is, after the confluent timing.
  • the maximum cell size or the specified switching timing period may be displayed on the display screen of the display unit 13 to prompt the user to switch the compound concentration.
  • the method of specifying the maximum cell size is not limited to this, and a specific value is set in advance according to the cell type, and the cells self-replicate to an average size exceeding this value. You may make it switch a compound concentration at the timing which performed.
  • the horizontal axis is the cell size
  • the vertical axis is the cell number, as in the case of confluence and the cobblestone form shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B, not the average cell size.
  • the time series change in the distribution of the graph may be analyzed from the image, and the point at which the distribution peak becomes the maximum may be set as the maximum value, or the dispersion value for switching the compound concentration may be set in advance.
  • the compound is obtained by analyzing the cell state with an optical coherence tomometer 14 as shown in FIG. Density switching can be determined.
  • Density switching can be determined.
  • the method of judging from the cell image since the judgment is made by observing several points on the culture surface, there is a possibility that it is not possible to know whether or not the part that was not observed is confluent.
  • the method of analyzing the cell state with the optical coherence tomography 14 it is possible to detect a cell defect location on the entire culture surface.
  • the optical coherence tomography 14 can irradiate the sample with one of the two divided infrared lights and cause the reflected light and the other light to interfere with each other, thereby imaging the surface and cross section of the tissue on the entire medium surface. . Furthermore, since the optical coherence tomography 14 can measure the thickness of the cross section, it can be applied to non-invasively evaluate the quality of whether or not the produced cell sheet is differentiated.
  • the light source installed in the optical coherence tomography 14 can be provided with a drive unit that can change the irradiation position of the infrared light emitted from the light source.
  • a drive unit that can change the irradiation position of the infrared light emitted from the light source.
  • an image of a cross section in one direction of the culture surface is acquired.
  • a cross-sectional image of the entire culture surface can be obtained by acquiring a plurality of cross-sectional images while moving the drive means in a direction perpendicular to the one direction. It is desirable that the vertical interval of the acquired cross-sectional images be set to be narrower than the cell size so that there is no leakage at the cell defect site.
  • the interval at which the cross-sectional image is acquired may be determined depending on the degree of cell proliferation.
  • the acquired image may be displayed on the display unit 13.
  • a display method only an image with a cell defect may be displayed, or only a cell defect may be warned with a buzzer. The presence or absence of cells can be determined.
  • the control device 2 of the automatic cell culture device 1 of the present embodiment switches the compound concentration if it is confluent.
  • the switching time it is possible to determine whether the state is confluent and switch the compound concentration, but it is also possible to set the switching time to be after a predetermined time from the time when it became confluent. It is effective for. When a predetermined time elapses, a paving stone shape which will be described later is generated. Therefore, if a switching time point in consideration of the occurrence of this paving stone shape is set in advance, culture can be performed in a shorter time.
  • the above-described cell image method of FIG. 10 and the optical coherence tomography method of FIG. 11 can be used in combination, and the compound concentration can be automatically controlled more reliably. For example, when it is determined that the cell occupation area with respect to the culture surface is equal to or greater than a set value (for example, 100%) and the entire culture surface (for example, 100%) has a thickness of cells, the compound concentration is switched. As a result, the accuracy of determining confluence can be increased.
  • FIG. 13 shows another modification of the second embodiment to which the electrical resistance measuring device 15 is attached.
  • Epithelial cells form tight junctions when the cells are tightly coupled. When tight junctions are formed between cells, exchange of ions between cells is blocked, and thus resistance occurs when a voltage is applied between cells. That is, it can be determined from the electric resistance value whether the cells are dense and have a paving stone shape and a tight bond is formed.
  • control device 2 calculates the time series change of the resistance value by the electrical resistance measuring device 15, and analyzes whether or not the resistance value changes in the form of an exponential function from the calculation result. If the resistance value changes with an exponential function, it is determined that tight coupling has occurred.
  • the electrical resistance measuring device 15 may be used in combination with the optical coherence tomography 14 as shown in FIG. 13 to check the quality of the cultured cells.
  • the control device 2 has calculation means for switching the compound concentration.
  • the compound concentration adjustment section 21 is provided with calculation means, and the compound concentration adjustment section 21 independent of the control apparatus 2 is used. It is also possible to control changes in the compound concentration.
  • the method of controlling the compound concentration is adjusted by the compound concentration adjusting unit 21 in order to change the compound supply amount supplied from the compound supply unit 20 from the first supply amount to the second supply amount. Control may be performed by the control device 2.
  • Example 3 an example of a cell culturing method and an automatic cell culturing apparatus when the timing of switching the concentration of a compound that suppresses differentiation is set to a point in time when a cobblestone form is shown will be described. That is, the concentration switching time is not a confluence but a cobblestone-like state in which the cell density is increased and the volume of each cell is reduced and spread after confluence.
  • differentiation such as stratification is an event that occurs after passing through a paving stone-like form, so that it is possible to produce a desired tissue earlier by switching the compound concentration when the paving stone-like form is shown. .
  • the overlapping description is abbreviate
  • the control device 2 of the automatic cell culture device 1 in FIG. 10 processes the image so that the cell space in the cell image becomes clear after the cell occupancy reaches 100% based on the cell analysis result described in the second embodiment. To do. After that, as shown in FIG. 19, a change in luminance on one line at an arbitrary point of an arbitrarily set image is calculated as a signal. From the plot profile which is the distribution of this signal, the paving stone shape is discriminated based on whether or not the signal is regularly detected at intervals of about 5 to 20 ⁇ m, which is the cell size in the paving stone shape. In this case, the compound concentration is changed by the method described in Example 2.
  • control device 2 of the present embodiment does not show a paving stone shape, that is, when the cell is not the size in the paving stone shape as described above in the detection result of the signal indicating the length between cells, Continue culturing at the compound concentration and repeat the procedure shown above.
  • the CCD camera 12 determines from the distribution of the signal of the cell image captured by the CCD camera 12 using the average or distribution of the cell size.
  • the peripheral portion of the outline of each cell in the captured image is shown with a relatively low luminance in the image and a high luminance between the cell itself and each cell. That is, since the number of cells is small at the early stage of culture, there are many portions where the luminance is high, and the average luminance of the image is high. Furthermore, as the number of cells increases, the portion around the cells having a low luminance also increases, so the average luminance of the image gradually decreases.
  • the control apparatus 2 can discriminate
  • the size of the cell in the self-renewal phase is larger than the paving stone shape as described above. Furthermore, since the culture progresses in each region of the culture surface, the region of the dispersion value of the distribution is widened. The cell size and the size distribution gradually decrease as the cobblestone morphology is approached, and when the cobblestone morphology is formed, the cell size during the self-renewal phase is a minimum and constant value. Become.
  • the control device 2 shifts to a region where the cell size distribution is the smallest or when the width of the dispersion value due to the distribution is the narrowest, the time series change of the size distribution is a constant value. In this case, or by a combination of these, it is possible to discriminate the cobblestone form and switch the compound concentration.
  • the apparatus configuration is configured to control the oxygen concentration in the culture tank.
  • the humidity control unit, the gas concentration control unit, and the humidity / CO 2 / O 2 sensor are connected to the culture vessel. This is an example in the case of supplying gas into the culture vessel.
  • the humidity controller 6, the gas concentration controller 6, and the humidity / CO 2 / O 2 sensor 11 are connected to the culture container 4. Gas is supplied directly into 4. With this configuration, water vapor can also flow into the culture vessel 4 using the gas supply port in the culture vessel 4. Further, when the entire culture tank 3 is in a constant temperature and high humidity environment, the culture tank 3 itself is not a sterile space, and thus there is a risk of mold and bacteria breeding. On the other hand, when the inside of the culture container 4 is a constant temperature and high humidity environment, since the inside of the culture container 4 is an aseptic space, there is an advantage that the risk of mold and bacteria breeding is low.
  • FIGS. 15 to 17 show a modification of the apparatus configuration of FIG. 14, and a modification of the apparatus configuration of FIG. 10 in the second embodiment except that the gas concentration adjusting unit 8 is connected to the culture vessel 4. This corresponds to the configuration of FIG. 11 to FIG. 13 and will not be described here.
  • the present invention described in detail above is capable of culturing cells forming a tissue in a short time, and is extremely useful as a cell culture method, a cell culture device, and a cell sheet.
  • this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included.
  • the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for better understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
  • a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.
  • a culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to a culture region for culturing cells forming a stratified epithelial tissue;
  • a compound concentration adjusting unit for adjusting a supply amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture region or the culture solution supply unit;
  • a control unit An optical coherence tomography that irradiates the first light that transmits the cell and the second light that is reflected by the surface of the cell;
  • the controller is During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue, Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation; Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount, Controlling the compound concentration regulator so that the second period including the period in which the cells are stratified is cultured in the second supply amount; A cell culture device.
  • a culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to a culture region for culturing cells forming a stratified epithelial tissue;
  • a compound concentration adjusting unit for adjusting a supply amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture region or the culture solution supply unit;
  • a control unit An electrical resistance measurement unit for measuring the electrical resistance value of the cell,
  • the controller is During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue, Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation; Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount, Controlling the compound concentration regulator so that the second period including the period in which the cells are stratified is cultured in the second supply amount; A cell culture device.
  • a culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to a culture region for culturing cells forming a stratified epithelial tissue;
  • a compound concentration adjusting unit for adjusting a supply amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture region or the culture solution supply unit;
  • a control unit An electrical resistance measurement unit for measuring the electrical resistance value of the cells;
  • An optical coherence tomography that irradiates the first light that transmits the cell and the second light that is reflected by the surface of the cell;
  • the controller is During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue, Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation; Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount, Controlling the compound concentration regulator so that the second period including the period in which the cells are stratified is cultured in the second supply amount;
  • a cell culture device according to disclosure example 3, Further comprising an imaging unit for imaging the cells, The controller is From the image acquired from the imaging unit, or the output of the electrical resistance measuring unit or the optical coherence tomography, the degree of proliferation of the cells is calculated, A cell culture device.
  • a culture vessel for culturing cells forming the stratified epithelial tissue A thermostat for controlling the culture vessel to a predetermined temperature; A culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to the culture vessel; A compound concentration adjusting unit for adjusting a supply amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture region or the culture solution supply unit; A control unit, The controller is During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue, Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation; Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount, Controlling the compound concentration regulator so that the second period including the period in which the cells are stratified is cultured in the second supply amount; A cell culture device.
  • a cell culture device according to disclosure example 5, A temperature adjusting unit for adjusting the temperature of the thermostat; A humidity adjusting unit for adjusting the humidity of the thermostatic chamber; A gas concentration adjusting unit for adjusting the gas concentration of the thermostatic chamber, The controller is Controlling the temperature adjusting unit, the humidity adjusting unit, and the gas concentration adjusting unit; A cell culture device.
  • a cell culture device according to disclosure example 5, A temperature adjusting unit for adjusting the temperature of the thermostat; A humidity adjusting unit for adjusting the humidity of the culture vessel; A gas concentration adjusting unit for adjusting the gas concentration of the culture vessel, The controller is Controlling the temperature adjusting unit, the humidity adjusting unit, and the gas concentration adjusting unit; A cell culture device.

Abstract

In the present invention, in order to provide a cell culturing device and the like with which tissue can be formed in a brief period, a control device (2) controls a compound concentration adjustment unit (21) in order to control a compound quantity for inhibiting first differentiation in a first period, from among cell culturing periods for forming stratified epithelial tissue, within a period during which cells are self-replicating, and a compound quantity for inhibiting second differentiation, such second differentiation being smaller than the compound quantity for inhibiting the first differentiation, in a second period comprising a period during which cells differentiate and stratify, and the control device controls the compound concentration adjustment unit in order to change a first supply quantity to a second supply quantity on the basis of the degree of proliferation of cells by self-replication.

Description

細胞培養方法、装置、及び細胞シートCell culture method, apparatus, and cell sheet
 本発明は細胞培養技術に係り、特に、細胞培養方法、細胞培養装置、及び作製される細胞シートに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a cell culture technique, and in particular, to a cell culture method, a cell culture apparatus, and a cell sheet to be produced.
 角膜上皮幹細胞疲弊症患者の角膜上皮再生や、早期食道がん患者の内視鏡的粘膜下層剥離後の狭窄防止のための食道上皮再生、重度熱傷や皮膚潰瘍患者の表皮再生等に重層上皮細胞シートが用いられている。このような疾患の根本治療を目指す再生医療の普及、産業化に向けては、再生組織製造コストの低減が最重要課題となっている。このような重層上皮組織を形成する細胞シートの製造コスト低減に向けては、通常数週間かかる細胞シート作製工程の短縮技術の開発が期待されている。 Layered epithelial cells for corneal epithelial regeneration in patients with corneal epithelial stem cell exhaustion, esophageal epithelium regeneration to prevent stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with early esophageal cancer, epidermis regeneration in patients with severe burns and skin ulcers, etc. A sheet is used. For the spread and industrialization of regenerative medicine aiming at the fundamental treatment of such diseases, the reduction of regenerative tissue manufacturing cost is the most important issue. In order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the cell sheet that forms such stratified epithelial tissue, development of a technique for shortening the cell sheet production process, which usually takes several weeks, is expected.
 特許文献1には、通常の細胞培養環境である酸素濃度(O約20%)よりも低酸素濃度で培養し、重層上皮組織を形成する細胞である上皮幹/前駆細胞の増殖を促進させ、重層化時期に酸素濃度を約20%にすることで、重層上皮細胞シートの作製期間を短縮する手段が開示されている。非特許文献1には、IL-1レセプターアンタゴニストもしくはIL-1α中和抗体を添加して細胞増殖を促進させ表皮細胞シートを効率よく作製する手段が開示されている。非特許文献2には、Notchシグナル伝達を抑制する低分子の化合物を添加することで、表皮細胞増殖が促進されることが開示されている。 In Patent Document 1, culture is performed at an oxygen concentration lower than the oxygen concentration (O 2 of about 20%) which is a normal cell culture environment, and the proliferation of epithelial stem / progenitor cells, which are cells forming stratified epithelial tissue, is promoted. A means for shortening the production period of the stratified epithelial cell sheet by setting the oxygen concentration to about 20% at the stratification stage is disclosed. Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a means for efficiently producing an epidermal cell sheet by adding an IL-1 receptor antagonist or an IL-1α neutralizing antibody to promote cell proliferation. Non-Patent Document 2 discloses that epidermal cell proliferation is promoted by adding a low molecular weight compound that suppresses Notch signaling.
WO2013/002158WO2013 / 002158
 しかしながら特許文献1では、酸素濃度を制御するための高価な装置が必要であること、非特許文献1では、サイトカイン、抗体等の高価な試薬が必要であることから、細胞シートの製造コストを低減するという課題は解決されていなかった。また、非特許文献2では、Notchシグナル伝達を抑制する低分子の化合物を用いて培養後、細胞シートの三次元構造を形成する期間も含めた培養期間全体として、どのように培養期間を短縮するかという課題は解決されていなかった。 However, Patent Document 1 requires an expensive apparatus for controlling the oxygen concentration, and Non-Patent Document 1 requires expensive reagents such as cytokines and antibodies, thereby reducing the production cost of the cell sheet. The problem of doing was not solved. In Non-Patent Document 2, how to shorten the culture period as a whole culture period including the period for forming the three-dimensional structure of the cell sheet after culturing using a low molecular weight compound that suppresses Notch signaling. This problem has not been solved.
 本発明の目的は、このような課題を解決し、作製期間を短縮し、安価に大量に製造可能な、分化を抑制する化合物を用いた重層上皮組織を形成する細胞培養方法、当該方法で作製した細胞シート、及び細胞培養装置を提供することにある。 The object of the present invention is to solve such problems, shorten the production period, and produce a multi-layered epithelial tissue using a compound that suppresses differentiation, which can be produced in large quantities at low cost, and produced by the method An object of the present invention is to provide a cell sheet and a cell culture apparatus.
 上記の目的を達成するため、本発明においては、重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、細胞を自己複製させる期間内の第一の期間を、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養し、細胞の増殖の度合いに基づいて、分化を抑制する化合物を第一の供給量より少ない第二の供給量に変更し、細胞が重層化する期間を含む第二の期間を第二の供給量にて培養する細胞培養方法を提供する。 In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, among the period of culturing the cells forming the stratified epithelial tissue, the first period of the self-replicating period of the cells is the first period of the compound that suppresses differentiation. Based on the degree of cell proliferation, the compound that suppresses differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount, and a second period including a period in which the cells are stratified is A cell culture method for culturing with a second supply amount is provided.
 また、上記の目的を達成するため、本発明においては、細胞培養装置であって、重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する培養領域に培養液を供給する培養液供給部と、培養領域内、もしくは培養液供給部への分化を抑制する化合物の供給量を調節する化合物濃度調節部と、制御部と、を備え、制御部は、重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、細胞を自己複製させる期間内の第一の期間を、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養し、細胞の増殖の度合いに基づいて、分化を抑制する化合物を、第一の供給量より少ない第二の供給量に変更し、細胞が重層化する期間を含む第二の期間を、第二の供給量にて培養するよう、化合物濃度調節部を制御する構成の細胞培養装置を提供する。 In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a cell culture apparatus, a culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to a culture region for culturing cells forming a stratified epithelial tissue, Alternatively, the control unit includes a compound concentration adjusting unit that adjusts the supply amount of the compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture solution supplying unit, and a control unit, and the control unit is a cell in a period of culturing the cells that form the stratified epithelial tissue. The first period within the period of self-replication is cultured with the first supply amount of the compound that suppresses differentiation, and the compound that suppresses differentiation is determined from the first supply amount based on the degree of cell proliferation. Provided is a cell culture device configured to control a compound concentration control unit so that a second supply amount is changed to a small second supply amount and a second period including a period in which cells are layered is cultured at a second supply amount. .
 更に、上記の目的を達成するため、本発明においては、細胞培養シートであって、重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、細胞を自己複製させる期間内の第一の期間を、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養し、細胞の増殖の度合いに基づいて、分化を抑制する化合物を、第一の供給量より少ない第二の供給量に変更し、細胞が重層化する期間を含む第二の期間を、第二の供給量にて培養した細胞シートを提供する。 Furthermore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in the present invention, the cell culture sheet, among the period of culturing the cells forming the stratified epithelial tissue, the first period within the period of self-replication of the cells, The compound is cultured with the first supply amount of the compound that suppresses differentiation, and the compound that suppresses differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount based on the degree of cell proliferation, Provided is a cell sheet cultured in a second supply amount for a second period including a period to be converted.
 本発明に係る細胞培養方法、細胞培養装置、及び細胞シートによれば、短時間に組織を形成する細胞を培養することが可能である。 According to the cell culture method, the cell culture apparatus, and the cell sheet according to the present invention, it is possible to culture cells forming a tissue in a short time.
実施例1に係る、実験条件を示す図。The figure which shows the experimental condition based on Example 1. FIG. 実施例1に係る、細胞シート形成の流れを示す図。The figure which shows the flow of cell sheet formation based on Example 1. FIG. 実施例1に係る、ヒト表皮細胞培養1日目から6日目までの位相差顕微鏡像を示す図。The figure which shows the phase-contrast microscope image from the 1st day to the 6th day of human epidermal cell culture based on Example 1. FIG. 実施例1に係る、ヒト表皮細胞培養7日目から14日目までの位相差顕微鏡像を示す図。The figure which shows the phase-contrast microscope image from the human epidermis cell culture based on Example 1 from the 7th day to the 14th day. 実施例1に係る、細胞培養終了後、6cm培養皿に入れた剥離前と剥離後の細胞シート外観を示す図。The figure which shows the cell sheet external appearance before peeling after the cell culture completion which concerns on Example 1 before putting in the 6cm culture dish. 実施例1に係る、ヒト表皮細胞シートの培養終了時における遺伝子発現解析結果を示す図。The figure which shows the gene expression analysis result at the time of completion | finish of culture | cultivation of the human epidermis cell sheet based on Example 1. FIG. 実施例1に係る、培養6日目の細胞内DNAを定量した結果を示す図。The figure which shows the result of having quantified the intracellular DNA of the culture | cultivation 6th day based on Example 1. FIG. 実施例1に係る、培養結果一覧を示す図。The figure which shows the culture result list based on Example 1. FIG. 実施例1に係る、培養日数と細胞の大きさの関係を示す図。The figure which shows the relationship between the culture | cultivation days and the magnitude | size of a cell based on Example 1. FIG. 実施例2に係る、培養槽全体の酸素濃度を切り替える場合の自動細胞培養装置の一構成図。The block diagram of the automatic cell culture apparatus in the case of switching the oxygen concentration of the whole culture tank based on Example 2. FIG. 実施例2に係る、自動細胞培養装置の構成に、光干渉断層計を加えたときの装置の一構成図。The block diagram of an apparatus when an optical coherence tomography is added to the structure of the automatic cell culture apparatus based on Example 2. FIG. 実施例2に係る、自動細胞培養装置の構成に、電気抵抗測定装置を加えた場合の装置の一構成図。The block diagram of the apparatus at the time of adding an electrical resistance measuring apparatus to the structure of the automatic cell culture apparatus based on Example 2. FIG. 実施例2に係る、自動細胞培養装置の構成に、光干渉断層計と経上皮電気抵抗測定装置を加えた場合の装置の一構成図。The block diagram of the apparatus at the time of adding an optical coherence tomography and a transepithelial electrical resistance measuring apparatus to the structure of the automatic cell culture apparatus based on Example 2. FIG. 実施例4に係る、培養容器内の酸素濃度を直接切り替える場合の装置の一構成図。The block diagram of the apparatus in the case of switching the oxygen concentration in the culture container based on Example 4 directly. 実施例4に係る、自動細胞培養装置の構成に、電気抵抗測定装置を加えた場合の装置構成図。The apparatus block diagram at the time of adding an electrical resistance measuring apparatus to the structure of the automatic cell culture apparatus based on Example 4. FIG. 実施例4に係る、自動細胞培養装置の構成に、光干渉断層計と経上皮電気抵抗測定装置を加えた場合の装置構成図。The apparatus block diagram at the time of adding an optical coherence tomometer and a transepithelial electrical resistance measuring apparatus to the structure of the automatic cell culture apparatus based on Example 4. FIG. 実施例4に係る、自動細胞培養装置の構成に、光干渉断層計と経上皮電気抵抗測定装置を加えた場合の装置構成図。The apparatus block diagram at the time of adding an optical coherence tomometer and a transepithelial electrical resistance measuring apparatus to the structure of the automatic cell culture apparatus based on Example 4. FIG. 実施例1、2に係る、コンフルエント時と敷石状形態における細胞の大きさの分布を表わす図。The figure showing the distribution of the magnitude | size of the cell in Example 1 and 2 at the time of confluence and a cobblestone form. 実施例3に係る、コンフルエントと敷石状形態を示すための図。The figure for showing the confluence and the cobblestone form based on Example 3. FIG.
 本発明を実施するための形態について、図面に従い説明する。ただし、これらの形態および実施例は本発明を実現するための一例に過ぎず、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではない。また、各図において共通の構成については同一の参照番号が付されている。本明細書において、重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養する期間を第一の期間と、分化を抑制する化合物の第二の供給量で培養する期間を第二の期間と称することとする。この第一の期間は、重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を自己複製させる期間内の期間であり、第二の期間は、重層上皮組織を形成する細胞が重層化する期間を含む期間である。 DETAILED DESCRIPTION Embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, these forms and examples are merely examples for realizing the present invention, and do not limit the technical scope of the present invention. In each drawing, the same reference numerals are assigned to common components. In the present specification, among the period of culturing the cells forming the stratified epithelial tissue, the period of culturing with the first supply amount of the compound that suppresses differentiation is the first period, and the second period of the compound that suppresses differentiation The period of culturing with the supplied amount will be referred to as the second period. This first period is a period within a period in which the cells forming the stratified epithelial tissue are self-replicating, and the second period is a period including a period in which the cells forming the stratified epithelial tissue are stratified.
 本実施例では、分化を抑制する化合物による再生組織製造期間短縮の原理及び方法について説明する。以下は、ヒト表皮細胞シートをモデルとした一例である。細胞の種はヒトに限定されるものではなく、マウス、ラット、ウサギ、イヌ、ブタなどの哺乳動物細胞であってもよい。また、細胞の種類は、表皮細胞に限定されるものではなく、口腔や角膜などのその他の重層上皮細胞であってもよい。この重層上皮細胞とは、重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を意味し、例えば、幹細胞、または前駆細胞が挙げられる。 In this example, the principle and method of shortening the regenerated tissue production period using a compound that suppresses differentiation will be described. The following is an example using a human epidermal cell sheet as a model. The cell species is not limited to humans, and may be mammalian cells such as mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and pigs. The cell type is not limited to epidermal cells, and may be other stratified epithelial cells such as oral cavity and cornea. This stratified epithelial cell means a cell that forms stratified epithelial tissue, and includes, for example, a stem cell or a progenitor cell.
 重層上皮細胞シートの培養過程は、幹細胞・前駆細胞などの増殖性細胞が自己複製を行う自己複製期間と、自己複製により培養面を一定以上占有した後に細胞分化を行う分化期間に分けられる。以下、表皮細胞シートを例に、培養期間短縮化の原理を示す。尚、表皮細胞シートにおける分化は、より具体的には細胞が重層構造を形成する重層化と呼ばれるので、以下、分化期を重層化期と称して説明する。 The culture process of the stratified epithelial cell sheet is divided into a self-replication period in which proliferating cells such as stem cells and progenitor cells self-replicate, and a differentiation period in which cell differentiation is performed after occupying a certain amount of the culture surface by self-replication. Hereinafter, the principle of shortening the culture period will be described using an epidermal cell sheet as an example. The differentiation in the epidermal cell sheet is more specifically referred to as stratification in which cells form a stratified structure, and therefore, the differentiation period will be described below as the stratification period.
 まず、自己複製期では分化を抑制する化合物を含む培養液を用いて培養し、重層化期では当該化合物を含まない培養液に変更して、従来の当該化合物を含まない培養液を用いる方法と比較して、短時間で重層上皮細胞シートを製造する原理について、以下の実証を用いて説明する。 First, culture using a culture solution containing a compound that suppresses differentiation in the self-replication phase, and changing to a culture solution that does not contain the compound in the stratification phase, and using a conventional culture solution that does not contain the compound In comparison, the principle of producing a stratified epithelial cell sheet in a short time will be described using the following demonstration.
 本実施例において、分化を抑制する化合物としては、Notchシグナル伝達を抑制するγセクレターゼ阻害剤DAPTを10μMで用いた。重層上皮細胞としては、市販のヒト表皮細胞を用いた。フィーダー細胞としてマウス繊維芽細胞であるNIH/3T3細胞を用いた場合において、培養全期間にDAPT溶解試薬DMSOを添加した場合を比較例1、培養全期間DAPT10μMを添加した場合を比較例2、自己複製期にDAPT10μMを添加し、重層化期にDMSOのみ添加した場合を実例1とした。フィーダー細胞を用いない場合において、培養全期間にDAPT溶解試薬DMSOを添加した場合を比較例3、培養全期間DAPT10μMを添加した場合を比較例4、自己複製期にDAPT10μMを添加し、重層化期にDAPT10μMを添加せずDMSOのみ添加した場合を実例2とした。図1は、上記に述べた本実施例に係る実験条件の一覧を示す図である。 In this example, as a compound that suppresses differentiation, γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT that suppresses Notch signaling was used at 10 μM. Commercially available human epidermal cells were used as the stratified epithelial cells. When NIH / 3T3 cells, which are mouse fibroblasts, are used as feeder cells, Comparative Example 1 shows the case where DAPT dissolution reagent DMSO is added during the entire culture period, Comparative Example 2 shows the case where DAPT 10 μM is added during the whole culture period, Self Example 1 was the case where DAPT 10 μM was added during the replication phase and only DMSO was added during the stratification phase. When no feeder cells are used, the case where DAPT lysis reagent DMSO is added during the entire culture period is Comparative Example 3, the case where DAPT 10 μM is added during the entire culture period is Comparative Example 4, and the DAPT 10 μM is added during the self-replication period, and the stratification period Example 2 was performed when only DMSO was added without adding 10 μM DAPT to the sample. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a list of experimental conditions according to the present embodiment described above.
 図2は本実施例に係る、細胞シート形成の流れを模式的に示す図である。培養表面上に播種した幹細胞・前駆細胞などの増殖性細胞は、接着、増殖し、培養領域内に隙間なく密に培養されている状態(以下、コンフルエントとする)から、さらにその後の自己複製による細胞の増殖により細胞が凝縮し、細胞一つ一つの体積が小さくなって敷き詰められた状態(以下、敷石状形態とする)になる。その後分化した細胞が重層し、重層上皮細胞シートが完成する。 FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the flow of cell sheet formation according to this example. Proliferating cells such as stem cells and progenitor cells seeded on the culture surface adhere, proliferate, and are cultured closely without any gaps in the culture area (hereinafter referred to as confluent), and then by self-replication. The cells are condensed by the proliferation of the cells, and the volume of each cell is reduced to be spread (hereinafter referred to as a paving stone shape). The differentiated cells are then stratified, completing the stratified epithelial cell sheet.
 図3は比較例1と比較例3、実例1、2の培養6日目までの位相差顕微鏡像を示す図である。フィーダー細胞を用いた場合において、比較例1では培養6日目において細胞増殖途上にあるのに対し、実例1では培養6日目でコンフルエントを経過し敷石状形態を示した。フィーダー細胞を用いない場合において、比較例3では培養6日目において細胞増殖途上にあるのに対し、実例2では培養6日目でコンフルエントを経過し敷石状形態を示した。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing phase contrast microscopic images of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 3, and Examples 1 and 2 up to the sixth day of culture. In the case of using feeder cells, in Comparative Example 1, cells were in the process of cell growth on the 6th day of culture, whereas in Example 1, confluence was passed on the 6th day of culture and showed a paving stone form. In the case where no feeder cells were used, in Comparative Example 3, cells were in the process of cell growth on the 6th day of culture, whereas in Example 2, confluence was passed on the 6th day of culture and showed a paving stone-like form.
 図4は本実施例に係る、比較例1、2、3、4、実例1、2の培養7日目以降の位相差顕微鏡像を示す図である。フィーダー細胞を用いた場合において、比較例1では培養12日目においてコンフルエントを経過し敷石状形態を示し、培養18日目で培養を終了したのに対し、比較例2、実例1では培養12日目に培養を終了した。比較例2においては、培養7日目以降敷石状形態が保たれなかったのに対し、実例1では、きれいな敷石状形態が保たれていた。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing phase contrast microscopic images of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and Examples 1 and 2 after the seventh day of culture according to the present example. In the case of using feeder cells, in Comparative Example 1, confluence occurred on the 12th day of culture and a paving stone-like form was exhibited, and the culture was terminated on the 18th day of culture, whereas in Comparative Example 2 and Example 1, the 12th day of culture. The culture was terminated on the eyes. In Comparative Example 2, the paving stone-like form was not maintained after the seventh day of culture, whereas in Example 1, a clean paving stone-like form was maintained.
 フィーダー細胞を用いない場合において、比較例3では培養18日経過後も細胞は増殖しなかったのに対し、比較例4、実例2では培養12日目に培養を終了した。比較例4においては、培養7日目以降敷石状形態が保たれなかったのに対し、実例2では、きれいな敷石状形態が保たれていた。 In the case where no feeder cells were used, in Comparative Example 3, cells did not proliferate even after 18 days of culture, whereas in Comparative Example 4 and Example 2, the culture was terminated on the 12th day of culture. In Comparative Example 4, the paving stone-like form was not maintained after the seventh day of culture, whereas in Example 2, a clean paving stone-like form was maintained.
 図5は本実施例に係る、比較例1、2、3、4、実例1、2の培養終了後、培養表面より剥離する前の細胞シート外観と剥離後の外観を示す図である。フィーダー細胞を用いた場合において、比較例1では培養18日で細胞シートが完成したのに対し、比較例2では、12日で培養を終了できたものの、細胞シートは薄い様子であり、培養面より剥離後細胞シートは著しく収縮した。一方実例1では、培養12日で厚みのある細胞シートが作成でき、培養面より剥離後細胞シートはきれいな形態を保っていた。 FIG. 5 is a view showing the appearance of the cell sheet before peeling from the culture surface after the cultivation of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and Examples 1 and 2 according to this example and the appearance after peeling. In the case of using feeder cells, the cell sheet was completed in 18 days of culture in Comparative Example 1, whereas the cell sheet was thin in 12 days in Comparative Example 2, but the cell surface was thin. The cell sheet contracted significantly after peeling. On the other hand, in Example 1, a thick cell sheet could be prepared in 12 days of culture, and the cell sheet was kept clean after being detached from the culture surface.
 フィーダー細胞を用いない場合において、比較例3では培養18日でも細胞はほとんど増殖せず細胞シート剥離が不可であったのに対し、比較例2では、12日で培養を終了できたものの、細胞シートは薄い様子であり、培養面より剥離後細胞シートは著しく収縮した。一方実例2では、培養12日で厚みのある細胞シートが作成でき、培養面より剥離後細胞シートはきれいな形態を保っていた。以上の結果は、フィーダー細胞を用いた場合は、実例1では細胞シート作製期間を約6日短縮できることを示しており、驚くべきことにフィーダー細胞を用いない場合は、従来細胞シートが作製困難であったのに対し、実例2ではフィーダー細胞を用いた場合と同等の培養期間で、比較例1よりも約6日短い期間で細胞シートが作製可能であることを示している。 In the case where no feeder cells were used, in Comparative Example 3, the cells hardly proliferated even on the 18th day of culture and the cell sheet could not be peeled off. In Comparative Example 2, although the culture was completed in 12 days, the cells The sheet was thin and the cell sheet contracted significantly after peeling from the culture surface. On the other hand, in Example 2, a thick cell sheet could be produced in 12 days of culture, and the cell sheet was kept clean after peeling from the culture surface. The above results show that when feeder cells are used, in Example 1, the cell sheet preparation period can be shortened by about 6 days. Surprisingly, when feeder cells are not used, it is difficult to prepare conventional cell sheets. On the other hand, Example 2 shows that a cell sheet can be produced in a period equivalent to that when feeder cells are used and in a period shorter by about 6 days than Comparative Example 1.
 図6は本実施例に係る、培養終了時、すなわち、比較例1培養18日目、比較例2培養12日目、比較例4培養12日目、実例1培養12日目、実例2培養12日目における遺伝子発現解析結果を示す図である。解析した遺伝子は、上皮幹/前駆細胞マーカのTP63、KRT15、ITGA6、ITGB1と、表皮有棘層細胞マーカのKRT1、KRT10、IVLと、表皮顆粒層細胞マーカFLG、LORである。補正用のハウスキーピング遺伝子はTBPとした。TP63とITGA6の遺伝子発現量は、実例1、2で比較例1と比べて約2倍であった(p<0.05)。KRT15の発現量は、実例2と比較例1で有意差はなかったが、実例1と比較すると、有意に低く約0.3倍であった(p<0.05)。ITGB1の発現量は、実例1、2で比較例1と有意差はなかった。これらの結果は、実例1、2で作製した細胞シートは上皮幹/前駆細胞活性が高いことを示している。 FIG. 6 shows the end of the culturing according to this example, that is, the 18th day of culturing of Comparative Example 1, the 12th day of culturing of Comparative Example 2, the 12th day of culturing of Comparative Example 4, the 12th day of culturing of Example 1, and the culturing of Example 2. It is a figure which shows the gene expression analysis result in the day. The analyzed genes are epithelial stem / progenitor cell markers TP63, KRT15, ITGA6, ITGB1, epidermal spinal layer cell markers KRT1, KRT10, IVL, and epidermal granule cell marker FLG, LOR. The housekeeping gene for correction was TBP. The gene expression levels of TP63 and ITGA6 were about twice that of Comparative Example 1 in Examples 1 and 2 (p <0.05). The expression level of KRT15 was not significantly different between Example 2 and Comparative Example 1, but was significantly lower than Example 1 and was about 0.3 times (p <0.05). The expression level of ITGB1 was not significantly different from Comparative Example 1 in Examples 1 and 2. These results indicate that the cell sheets prepared in Examples 1 and 2 have high epithelial stem / progenitor cell activity.
 KRT1とKRT10、FLG、LORの発現量は、実例1は比較例1と比べて3-8倍であった(p<0.05)。実例2は比較例1と比べて0.3-0.01倍であった(p<0.05)。IVLの発現量は、実例1、2で比較例1と有意差はなかった。これらの結果は、実例1で作製した細胞シートでは分化が進行していることを示している。実例2で作製した細胞シートでは、比較例1と比べて分化が進行していないことを示している。 The expression levels of KRT1, KRT10, FLG and LOR were 3-8 times higher in Example 1 than in Comparative Example 1 (p <0.05). Example 2 was 0.3-0.01 times that of Comparative Example 1 (p <0.05). The expression level of IVL was not significantly different from Comparative Example 1 in Examples 1 and 2. These results indicate that differentiation is progressing in the cell sheet prepared in Example 1. The cell sheet produced in Example 2 shows that differentiation has not progressed compared to Comparative Example 1.
 図7は本実施例に係る、比較例1と比較例3、実例1、2の培養6日目における細胞数定量解析結果を示す図である。実例1では比較例1と比べて、細胞に含まれるDNA量が有意に多く、実例2では比較例3と比べて、細胞に含まれるDNA量が有意に多かった。この結果は、図3に示した本実施例の結果を支持するものである。 FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of quantitative analysis of the number of cells on the 6th day of culture in Comparative Examples 1 and 3 and Examples 1 and 2, according to this example. In Example 1, the amount of DNA contained in the cells was significantly larger than that in Comparative Example 1, and in Example 2, the amount of DNA contained in the cells was significantly larger than that in Comparative Example 3. This result supports the result of the present embodiment shown in FIG.
 図8は、本実施例に係る、図3から図6の結果を一覧にまとめた図である。
  図3~8に示す結果は、実例1で、従来の方法である比較例1と比べて短時間で再生組織が製造でき、その製造した組織は従来法の比較例1と同等の組織であることを示すものである。さらに、実例2では、従来作製が困難であった比較例3と比べて、再生組織が再現性よく作製でき、比較例1と同等の組織であることを示すものである。
FIG. 8 is a table summarizing the results of FIGS. 3 to 6 according to the present embodiment.
The results shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 8 show that in Example 1, a regenerated tissue can be produced in a shorter time than Comparative Example 1 which is a conventional method, and the produced tissue is the same structure as Comparative Example 1 of the conventional method. It shows that. Furthermore, in Example 2, the regenerated tissue can be produced with good reproducibility compared to Comparative Example 3 that has been difficult to produce in the past, indicating that the tissue is equivalent to Comparative Example 1.
 なお、上述したフィーダー細胞は、重層上皮細胞の増殖や重層化を補助する役割があり、当該分野では頻繁に使用されるものである。しかしながら、フィーダー細胞としては、ヒトとは異なる異種の細胞が用いられることが多く。細胞シートを治療に用いる場合は好ましくない。従って、フィーダー細胞フリーで細胞シートを作製できる方がよい。上述した本実施例で示した方法は、再生医療においてより好ましいとされるフィーダー細胞フリーの条件下で、従来作製が困難であったものを作製可能とするものである。さらにフィーダー細胞を用いた場合の従来法と比較して、約6日間細胞シート作製期間短縮に成功している。これは驚くべき結果であり、本方法の有用性を示すデータである。 Note that the feeder cells described above have a role of assisting the proliferation and stratification of stratified epithelial cells, and are frequently used in this field. However, many different types of cells are used as feeder cells. It is not preferable when the cell sheet is used for treatment. Therefore, it is better to be able to produce a cell sheet free of feeder cells. The method described in the above-described example enables the production of a material that has been difficult to produce under the feeder cell-free condition, which is more preferable in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, compared to the conventional method using feeder cells, the cell sheet production period has been shortened by about 6 days. This is a surprising result and data showing the usefulness of the method.
 以上説明した実施例は、重層上皮細胞シートを短期間で製造する方法を示す一例であって、分化を抑制する化合物として、上述したDAPT以外にも、Notchシグナル伝達を抑制するγセクレターゼ阻害剤であるL-685 458, Dibenzazepine (LY411575), LY450136, MK-0752等の使用が考えられるが、これに限定されるものではない。またNotchシグナル伝達以外でも重層上皮の重層化・分化に関わるタンパク質であればよく、従来の培養方法かかる時間よりも短期間で細胞を培養することが可能である。 The example described above is an example showing a method for producing a stratified epithelial cell sheet in a short period of time. As a compound that suppresses differentiation, in addition to the above-mentioned DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor that suppresses Notch signaling is used. Use of certain L-685 458, DibenzazepineLY (LY411575), LY450136, MK-0752, etc. can be considered, but is not limited thereto. In addition to Notch signal transduction, any protein involved in stratification / differentiation of the stratified epithelium may be used, and cells can be cultured in a shorter period than the time required for conventional culture methods.
 また、自己複製期に添加する化合物の濃度に関しては分化関連タンパク質の活性を抑制できる濃度でよく、当該タンパク質の活性を半分抑制する濃度であるLC50以上がよいが、好ましくは当該タンパク質の活性を完全に抑制できる濃度がよい。また重層化期における化合物の濃度に関しては、分化関連タンパク質の活性抑制を解除できる濃度でよく、当該タンパク質の活性を半分抑制する濃度であるLC50未満がよいが、好ましくは当該タンパク質の活性抑制を完全に解除できるように化合物を添加しない方がよい。
  以下に上記した各種の実験の具体的な方法を示す。
The concentration of the compound to be added during the self-replication period may be a concentration that can suppress the activity of the differentiation-related protein, and LC50 that is a concentration that suppresses the activity of the protein by half is preferable, but preferably the activity of the protein is completely The concentration that can be suppressed is good. The concentration of the compound in the stratification phase may be a concentration that can cancel the inhibition of the activity of the differentiation-related protein, and is less than LC50 that is a concentration that suppresses the activity of the protein by half, but preferably the activity of the protein is completely suppressed. It is better not to add a compound so that it can be released.
Specific methods for the various experiments described above are shown below.
 <ヒト表皮細胞培養方法>
  表皮細胞として、市販の正常ヒト表皮角化細胞(DSファーマ社製)を用いた。融解し凍結細胞をP1として専用無血清培地(DSファーマ社製)で培養し2回継代し増殖させた細胞(P3)を凍結保存し, 細胞シート作製用の細胞源とした。細胞シート作製時は, 凍結保存したP3細胞を専用無血清培地で培養した細胞を実験に供した。培養容器には6wellプレート用インサート (BD bioscience社製, 孔径0.4μm) と 6 wellプレート(旭テクノグラス社製)を使用し、培養液には、上皮系細胞の培養に用いられる5%FBSを含むKCM培地を用いた。フィーダー細胞には, マウス由来線維芽細胞のNIH/3T3を用いた。3T3は培養前に, 細胞増殖を停止させる目的で, マイトマイシンCで2時間処理した(10 μg/ml)。DAPTはCalbiochem社製, DMSOはナカライテスク社製を用いた。ヒト表皮細胞とフィーダー細胞の播種濃度はそれぞれ, 4×104と2×104 cells/cm2とし, 培地交換は細胞播種後3日目と5日目以降培養終了まで1回/日行った (上層2 ml, 下層3 mlを全量交換)。重層化する期間は細胞が敷石状形態を示した後に6日間に設定した。培養は独立して3回実施し、1回の実験で3容器培養した(n = 3)。培養期間中は、位相差顕微鏡で細胞増殖状況を確認した。
<Human epidermal cell culture method>
As the epidermal cells, commercially available normal human epidermal keratinocytes (DS Pharma) were used. The thawed and frozen cells were cultured as P1 in a dedicated serum-free medium (DS Pharma), and the cells (P3) that had been subcultured twice and proliferated were stored frozen and used as a cell source for cell sheet preparation. At the time of cell sheet preparation, cryopreserved P3 cells cultured in a dedicated serum-free medium were used for experiments. A 6-well plate insert (BD bioscience, pore size 0.4 μm) and a 6-well plate (Asahi Techno Glass) were used as the culture container, and 5% FBS used for culturing epithelial cells was used as the culture medium. The containing KCM medium was used. NIH / 3T3 mouse-derived fibroblasts were used as feeder cells. 3T3 was treated with mitomycin C for 2 hours (10 μg / ml) to stop cell growth before culturing. DAPT was manufactured by Calbiochem, and DMSO was manufactured by Nacalai Tesque. The seeding concentrations of human epidermal cells and feeder cells were 4 × 10 4 and 2 × 10 4 cells / cm 2 , respectively, and the medium was changed once / day on the 3rd and 5th days after cell seeding until the end of culture. (Upper layer 2 ml, lower layer 3 ml were exchanged in total). The stratification period was set to 6 days after the cells showed a cobblestone morphology. Incubation was performed three times independently, and three containers were cultured in one experiment (n = 3). During the culture period, the state of cell proliferation was confirmed with a phase contrast microscope.
 <ヒト表皮細胞シートの剥離と細胞内DNA量測定方法>
  ヒト表皮細胞シートの剥離は、培養終了後ディスパーゼ(200U/ml)を培養下層に注入し、37℃10分処理した。処理後、ピンセットで細胞シートの培養表面から剥離し、外観検査に用いた。
  細胞内DNA量の定量は、培養6日目のサンプルを凍結保存し、DNA定量キット(プライマリーセル社製)を用いて、サンプルの蛍光強度を測定した(n=3)。
<Method of peeling human epidermal cell sheet and measuring intracellular DNA amount>
For detachment of the human epidermal cell sheet, dispase (200 U / ml) was injected into the lower layer of the culture after the culture and treated at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes. After the treatment, it was peeled off from the culture surface of the cell sheet with tweezers and used for appearance inspection.
For quantification of the amount of intracellular DNA, the sample on day 6 of culture was stored frozen and the fluorescence intensity of the sample was measured using a DNA quantification kit (Primary Cell) (n = 3).
 <ヒト表皮細胞シートの遺伝子発現解析方法>
  比較例1は培養18日目、比較例2は培養12日目、比較例4は培養12日目、実例1は培養12日目、実例2は培養12日目の培養終了後培養面より細胞シートを剥離し、PBSで洗浄した後にRNA抽出用サンプルとして凍結保存した。その後、凍結保存した細胞から、RNeasy plus mini kit(キアゲン社製)を用いてcDNAを作製し、PCRの鋳型とした。サンプル間補正用遺伝子をTATA-box binding proteinとし、上皮幹/前駆細胞マーカである、ΔNp63(TP63)とCytokeratin15(KRT15)、Integrinα6(ITGA6)、Integrinβ1(ITGB1)、表皮分化マーカであるCytokeratin1(KRT1)、Cytokeratin10(KRT10)、Involucrin(IVL)、Filaggrin(FLG)、Loricrin(LOR)の計9種類のTaqmanプローブを用いて、リアルタイムPCR装置(タカラバイオ社製)で各サンプルの遺伝子発現量を定量した。
<Method for analyzing gene expression of human epidermal cell sheet>
Comparative Example 1 was cultured on the 18th day, Comparative Example 2 was cultured on the 12th day, Comparative Example 4 was cultured on the 12th day, Example 1 was cultured on the 12th day, and Example 2 was cultured from the culture surface after culturing on the 12th day. The sheet was peeled off, washed with PBS, and stored frozen as a sample for RNA extraction. Thereafter, cDNA was prepared from the cryopreserved cells using RNeasy plus mini kit (Qiagen) and used as a PCR template. The inter-sample correction gene is TATA-box binding protein, ΔNp63 (TP63) and Cytokeratin15 (KRT15), Integrinα6 (ITGA6), Integrinβ1 (ITGB1), and epitoid differentiation marker Cytokeratin1 (KRT1) ), Cytokeratin10 (KRT10), Involucrin (IVL), Filaggrin (FLG), Loricrin (LOR), using a total of nine Taqman probes, the amount of gene expression in each sample was quantified with a real-time PCR device (Takara Bio Inc.) did.
 <ヒト表皮細胞シートの組織切片作製、組織切片染色方法>
  比較例1は培養18日目、比較例2は培養12日目、比較例4は培養12日目、実例1は培養12日目、実例2は培養12日目の培養終了後培養面より剥離する前の細胞シートを常法に従い凍結包埋を実施した。凍結包埋した組織から, ミクロトームで厚さ15 μmの切片を作製した。作製した切片を用いて常法に従い、ヘマトキシリンーエオジン染色を実施した。
<Tissue section preparation of human epidermal cell sheet, tissue section staining method>
Comparative Example 1 was cultured on the 18th day, Comparative Example 2 was cultured on the 12th day, Comparative Example 4 was cultured on the 12th day, Example 1 was cultured on the 12th day, and Example 2 was peeled off from the culture surface after completion of the cultivation on the 12th day. The cell sheet before being subjected to freeze embedding according to a conventional method. A 15 μm-thick section was prepared with a microtome from the frozen embedded tissue. Using the prepared sections, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed according to a conventional method.
 次に、重層上皮細胞シートを形成する幹細胞・前駆細胞などの増殖性細胞の培養過程において、分化を抑制する化合物濃度を変更する、言い換えるなら分化を抑制する化合物の供給量を第一の供給量から第二の供給量に変更するための具体的な方法について説明する。まず、培養容器などの培養空間に播種された細胞を、分化を抑制する化合物を所定量添加した培養液にて培養する。自己複製期においては、細胞は分化を抑制する化合物を添加しない場合よりも迅速に複製による増殖を繰り返す。培養する細胞の種類によって、増殖して結合した細胞の全体の大きさ、または細胞単体での大きさ、増殖速度などの度合いは異なる場合がある。そのため、細胞種により、自己複製によって得られた細胞の大きさの度合いを任意に定め、分化を抑制する化合物濃度を第一の濃度から第二の濃度に切り替えることが望ましい。分化抑制が解除された細胞は分化を開始し重層化する。 Next, in the culturing process of proliferating cells such as stem cells and progenitor cells that form the stratified epithelial cell sheet, the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation is changed, in other words, the supply amount of the compound that suppresses differentiation is the first supply amount. A specific method for changing from the first supply amount to the second supply amount will be described. First, cells seeded in a culture space such as a culture vessel are cultured in a culture solution to which a predetermined amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation is added. In the self-replication phase, cells repeat proliferation by replication more rapidly than when no compound that suppresses differentiation is added. Depending on the type of cells to be cultured, the overall size of cells that have grown and bound, or the size of a single cell, the rate of growth, and the like may vary. Therefore, it is desirable that the cell concentration obtained by self-replication is arbitrarily determined depending on the cell type, and the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation is switched from the first concentration to the second concentration. The cells from which differentiation suppression has been released start differentiation and stratify.
 細胞増殖の度合いは、培養される培養面(第一の面)に対する占有率にて判別することも可能である。細胞は播種された培養空間の培養面に広がるように自己複製による増殖を開始する。この第一の面である培養面に対する細胞の占有率が100%となったとき、上述の原理にて述べたように、コンフルエントの状態であると位置づけられるので、分化を抑制する化合物濃度を、その供給量を第一の供給量から第二の供給量に切り替えることで切り替える。尚、切り替えるタイミングを決定する占有率は、細胞種の特性などによって80%や90%など、任意に設定してすることも可能である。 The degree of cell proliferation can also be determined by the occupation ratio with respect to the culture surface (first surface) to be cultured. The cells start to grow by self-replication so as to spread over the culture surface of the seeded culture space. When the cell occupancy with respect to the culture surface, which is the first surface, becomes 100%, as described in the above principle, it is positioned as a confluent state. The supply amount is switched by switching from the first supply amount to the second supply amount. Note that the occupation ratio for determining the switching timing can be arbitrarily set to 80% or 90% depending on the characteristics of the cell type.
 また、分化を抑制する化合物濃度を切り替える時点については、上述のように細胞がコンフルエントとなった状態だけでなく、敷石状形態にて切り替えることも有効である。図2に示すように、敷石状形態は細胞がコンフルエントの状態になってから分化期開始までに生じる状態であり、敷石状形態で分化を抑制する化合物濃度を切り替えることで、コンフルエントに比べ分化期直前まで分化を抑制する化合物添加培養液で培養できるため、より短期間での培養が可能となる。 In addition, when switching the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation, it is effective to switch not only in a state where the cells are confluent as described above but also in a paving stone form. As shown in FIG. 2, the cobblestone form is a state that occurs from the time when cells become confluent until the start of the differentiation phase, and by switching the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation in the cobblestone form, the differentiation phase is compared to the confluent state. Since it can culture | cultivate with the compound addition culture solution which suppresses differentiation until just before, culture | cultivation in a shorter period is attained.
 さらに、分化を抑制する化合物濃度を切り替えた後、敷石状形態の後の分化期間にて生じる、密着結合と呼ばれる現象が生じているかを確認することで、酸素濃度切り替え後の細胞が正常に培養されているか、品質評価することができる。密着結合とは、膜貫通タンパク質である、クローディンとオクルーディンにより細胞間隙が閉じられた構造で、培養された細胞は密着結合の状態となることにより、溶解物質、イオン、水の傍細胞経路を制御している。つまりは、外部からの溶解物質や汚染物質などの介入が無い状態にて細胞が培養されていることを、密着結合の発生の確認によって判断することができる。 Furthermore, after switching the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation, the cells after switching the oxygen concentration are normally cultured by checking whether a phenomenon called tight junction that occurs in the differentiation period after the paving stone-like form occurs. Can be quality evaluated. Tight junction is a transmembrane protein, a structure in which the cell gap is closed by claudin and occludin, and the cultured cells become tightly bound, thereby causing a paracellular pathway of dissolved substances, ions, and water. Is controlling. In other words, it can be determined by confirming the occurrence of tight junction that the cells are cultured in the absence of externally dissolved substances or contaminants.
 分化を抑制する化合物濃度を制御する方法は、所定の化合物濃度の培養液が入った複数個の培養液タンクを設けることで制御することができる。もしくは、化合物供給部と任意の濃度に化合物濃度を調節し培養液に添加する機構を設けることで制御することができる。 The method of controlling the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation can be controlled by providing a plurality of culture solution tanks containing a culture solution having a predetermined compound concentration. Alternatively, it can be controlled by providing a mechanism for adjusting the compound concentration to an arbitrary concentration and adding it to the culture solution.
 本実施例では、図10~図13を用いて、実施例1にて説明した原理および方法に基づいて、分化を抑制する化合物濃度を自動で制御する機能を搭載した自動細胞培養装置の実施例について説明する。尚、本実施例以降、化合物濃度の制御に関わる演算手段、演算機能を、自動細胞培養装置内の制御装置に内蔵した構成例として説明するが、化合物濃度の制御に係る演算手段、演算機能は、制御部として機能する制御装置2を構成する中央処理部(Central Processing Unit:CPU)で実行されるソフトウェアに限られるものではなく、自動細胞培養装置の外付けのコンピュータ等などに内蔵されるCPUで実行するソフトウェアや、外付けの専用ハードウェアで実行するものであっても良い。 In this example, an example of an automatic cell culture device equipped with a function of automatically controlling the concentration of a compound that suppresses differentiation based on the principle and method described in Example 1 with reference to FIGS. Will be described. In addition, the calculation means and the calculation function related to the control of the compound concentration will be described as a configuration example built in the control device in the automatic cell culture apparatus after this example, but the calculation means and the calculation function related to the control of the compound concentration are The CPU is not limited to software executed by a central processing unit (CPU) that constitutes the control device 2 that functions as a control unit, but is a CPU built in an external computer of an automatic cell culture device or the like The software may be executed by software or external dedicated hardware.
 図10に示した全体構成例を用いて、本実施例の自動細胞培養装置を概説する。自動細胞培養装置1は、培養容器4を備える恒温槽3には、制御装置2によって制御される各種の調節部やポンプやセンサー等の各構成要素が接続されている。すなわち、恒温槽3内の温度を制御するための温度調整部5、湿度を制御するための湿度調整部6、ガス濃度を制御するための、ガス供給部7に接続されたガス濃度調整部8により、恒温槽3内の温度、湿度、ガス濃度が調整される。 The automatic cell culture apparatus of this example will be outlined using the example of the overall configuration shown in FIG. In the automatic cell culture device 1, various components such as various control units controlled by the control device 2, pumps, sensors, and the like are connected to a thermostatic chamber 3 including a culture vessel 4. That is, a temperature adjusting unit 5 for controlling the temperature in the thermostatic chamber 3, a humidity adjusting unit 6 for controlling the humidity, and a gas concentration adjusting unit 8 connected to the gas supply unit 7 for controlling the gas concentration. Thus, the temperature, humidity, and gas concentration in the thermostat 3 are adjusted.
 また、制御装置2は、培養容器内の培養液を自動で交換するための、培養液と廃液を保持する培養液・排液タンク9に接続された送液用チューブを有する培養液供給ポンプ10と、培養容器4もしくは培養液タンク9に化合物を供給する化合物供給部20と、化合物濃度を調節する化合物濃度調節部21、それぞれの構成要素の動作を制御する。更に、制御装置2には、これらの構成要素の動作を制御することを目的とした、温度・湿度・CO2・O2センサー11と、細胞観察用のCCDカメラ12と、表示部13が接続されている。温度・湿度・CO2・O2センサー11によって恒温槽3内の値が検出される。 In addition, the control device 2 includes a culture solution supply pump 10 having a liquid feeding tube connected to a culture solution / drainage tank 9 that holds the culture solution and waste solution for automatically replacing the culture solution in the culture vessel. And a compound supply unit 20 that supplies the compound to the culture vessel 4 or the culture solution tank 9 and a compound concentration adjustment unit 21 that adjusts the compound concentration, and controls the operation of each component. Furthermore, the control device 2 is connected with a temperature / humidity / CO 2 / O 2 sensor 11, a cell observation CCD camera 12, and a display unit 13 for the purpose of controlling the operation of these components. Yes. A value in the thermostat 3 is detected by the temperature / humidity / CO 2 / O 2 sensor 11.
 上記装置構成の場合、恒温槽3内に酸素が供給されるので、閉鎖系培養容器4は内部にガス供給ができるように、ポリスチレン、ポリカーボネート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリメチルペンテン等のガス透過膜、好ましくはポリカーボネート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリイミドから成る多孔膜を設けた方がよい。この際多孔の直径は、ウイルスや細菌の培養容器内への侵入を回避するために、20nm未満であることが望ましい。 In the case of the above apparatus configuration, oxygen is supplied into the thermostat 3, so that the closed culture vessel 4 can be supplied with a gas, such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethylpentene, or the like, preferably It is better to provide a porous film made of polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, or polyimide. At this time, the porous diameter is preferably less than 20 nm in order to avoid invasion of viruses and bacteria into the culture vessel.
 さて、制御装置2により、分化を抑制する化合物濃度の制御を行う際、自動培養装置1内の細胞をユーザーが直接観察して化合物濃度を切り替えることも可能であるが、上述した細胞観察用CCDカメラ12のような細胞を観察し撮像する撮像部で撮像した画像を、表示画面用の表示部13などに表示させ、撮像された画像を基にユーザーが化合物濃度を切り替えるようにしてもよい。また、表示部13は視覚的な表示ではなく、ブザーのような聴覚へと指示を促す出力部を用いてもよい。 When the control device 2 controls the concentration of the compound that suppresses differentiation, the user can directly observe the cells in the automatic culture device 1 to switch the compound concentration. An image captured by an imaging unit that observes and images cells such as the camera 12 may be displayed on the display unit 13 for a display screen, and the user may switch the compound concentration based on the captured image. In addition, the display unit 13 may use an output unit that prompts an instruction for hearing such as a buzzer instead of a visual display.
 本実施例に係る分化を抑制する化合物濃度を自動で制御するためには、上記のように細胞状態を自動認識して、化合物濃度変更に適切な時期を判別することが望ましい。そこで、培養中にCCDカメラ12で細胞を撮像し、細胞画像を取得した制御装置2は、所定の機能プログラムを実行することにより、取得した画像データから細胞を検出する処理を実施し、画像の輝度により、画像の白黒やグレースケールなどに基づく二値化を行い、当該画像における細胞占有面積を算出する。培養面の数点のデータを取得後、細胞占有面積が100%である場合、化合物濃度調整部21を制御して化合物濃度を変更する。細胞占有面積が所定の面積に達していない場合は、化合物濃度切替は実施せず、初期の化合物濃度状態での培養を継続し、所定のタイミングで上記動作を繰り返し、細胞占有面積が100%に達した時点で化合物濃度切替を実行する。 In order to automatically control the compound concentration that suppresses differentiation according to the present example, it is desirable to automatically recognize the cell state as described above and determine the appropriate time for changing the compound concentration. Therefore, the control device 2 that has captured cells with the CCD camera 12 during culture and has acquired the cell images performs a process of detecting cells from the acquired image data by executing a predetermined function program. The binarization based on the black and white or gray scale of the image is performed based on the luminance, and the cell occupation area in the image is calculated. After acquiring several points of data on the culture surface, when the cell occupation area is 100%, the compound concentration adjusting unit 21 is controlled to change the compound concentration. When the cell occupation area does not reach the predetermined area, the compound concentration is not switched, and the culture at the initial compound concentration state is continued, and the above operation is repeated at a predetermined timing, so that the cell occupation area becomes 100%. When this is reached, switch the compound concentration.
 細胞占有率は細胞の自己複製が進むにつれて上昇していくため、自己複製の最終過程付近の、細胞占有率100%付近のコンフルエントにて化合物濃度を切り替えることが望ましい。ただし、CCDカメラ12の仕様や細胞の培養状況、培養面上で実際に細胞が培養される領域面等に合わせて、80%や90%など、任意に設定が可能である。また、細胞の種類によって、コンフルエントに達しない場合は、細胞の自己複製が完了するまでの大きさや占有面積に合わせて、化合物濃度切り替えのタイミングを設定しても良い。 Since the cell occupancy increases as the self-replication of cells progresses, it is desirable to switch the compound concentration at a confluence of about 100% of the cell occupancy near the final process of self-replication. However, 80% or 90% can be arbitrarily set in accordance with the specifications of the CCD camera 12, the state of cell culture, the area where cells are actually cultured on the culture surface, and the like. If the cells do not reach confluence depending on the cell type, the timing for switching the compound concentration may be set according to the size and occupied area until the self-replication of the cells is completed.
 また、コンフルエントの別の判別方法として、細胞の大きさの平均から判別することが可能である。図9に示す、横軸に培養日数、縦軸に細胞の大きさの平均(μm)をとったグラフのように、培養面に接着した細胞は通常仮足を伸ばしながら増殖するので、細胞のサイズが播種直後に比べて大きくなり、細胞の大きさの平均は、コンフルエント付近にて最大値となる。その後、図2に示した敷石状形態に向かうにつれて、面積あたりの細胞数が増加して細胞は縮小されるため、細胞の大きさの平均が徐々に減少し、敷石状形態後は細胞の形状が固定されるため、細胞の大きさは一定となる。 Also, as another method for determining confluence, it is possible to determine from the average cell size. As shown in the graph in FIG. 9, the horizontal axis represents the number of days of culture and the vertical axis represents the average cell size (μm). The size is larger than that immediately after seeding, and the average cell size is the maximum near the confluence. Thereafter, as the cobblestone shape shown in FIG. 2 is reached, the number of cells per area increases and the cells shrink, so that the average cell size gradually decreases. Is fixed, so the cell size is constant.
 図10の自動細胞培養装置1のCCDカメラ12は、時系列に複数の画像を撮像し、制御装置2はこの複数の画像を基に、プロットファイルなどで細胞の大きさの統計を算出する。さらに算出された統計データから、画像ごとの細胞の大きさの平均を算出し、時系列的に前後の画像に含まれる細胞の大きさの平均と比較を行う。比較によって細胞の大きさの平均の時系列変化を演算し、細胞の大きさが最大値となるタイミングを特定することができる。 The CCD camera 12 of the automatic cell culture device 1 in FIG. 10 takes a plurality of images in time series, and the control device 2 calculates cell size statistics using a plot file or the like based on the plurality of images. Furthermore, the average cell size for each image is calculated from the calculated statistical data, and compared with the average cell size included in the preceding and succeeding images in time series. By comparison, the average time-series change of the cell size can be calculated, and the timing when the cell size becomes the maximum value can be specified.
 さらに制御装置2は、特定した最大値となるタイミング以降、つまりはコンフルエントとなるタイミング以降について、化合物濃度を第一の濃度から第二の濃度に変更する。またこの際、表示部13の表示画面に、最大値となる細胞の大きさや、特定した切り替えタイミングの期間などを表示し、ユーザーに化合物濃度の切り替えを促すようにしてもよい。 Further, the control device 2 changes the compound concentration from the first concentration to the second concentration after the specified maximum value, that is, after the confluent timing. At this time, the maximum cell size or the specified switching timing period may be displayed on the display screen of the display unit 13 to prompt the user to switch the compound concentration.
 なお、細胞の大きさの最大値を特定する方法はこれに限られるものではなく、細胞種に応じて特定の値を予め設定しておき、この値を超える大きさ平均にまで細胞が自己複製を行ったタイミングにて化合物濃度を切り替えるようにしてもよい。また、細胞の大きさの平均ではなく、図18の(a)、(b)に示すコンフルエント時、敷石状形態時の細胞数のように、横軸が細胞の大きさ、縦軸が細胞数のグラフの分布の時系列変化を画像から解析し、分布のピークが最大となる点を上記の最大値として設定する、あるいは化合物濃度を切り替える分散値を予め設定しておいてもよい。 Note that the method of specifying the maximum cell size is not limited to this, and a specific value is set in advance according to the cell type, and the cells self-replicate to an average size exceeding this value. You may make it switch a compound concentration at the timing which performed. In addition, the horizontal axis is the cell size, and the vertical axis is the cell number, as in the case of confluence and the cobblestone form shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B, not the average cell size. The time series change in the distribution of the graph may be analyzed from the image, and the point at which the distribution peak becomes the maximum may be set as the maximum value, or the dispersion value for switching the compound concentration may be set in advance.
 上述のような細胞画像から化合物濃度切り替え時期を判別する方法以外に、本実施例の自動細胞培養装置においては、図11に示すような光干渉断層計14により細胞状態を解析することにより、化合物濃度切り替えを判断することができる。細胞画像から判断する方法では、培養面数点を観察して判断するため、観察しなかった箇所がコンフルエントか否かが分からない可能性がある。一方、光干渉断層計14により細胞状態を解析する方法では、培養面全体での細胞欠損箇所を検出できる。光干渉断層計14は、2分割した赤外光の一方をサンプルに照射し、反射した光ともう一方の光を干渉させて、培地面全体の組織の表面および断面を画像化することができる。更に、光干渉断層計14は断面の厚みを計測できるため、作製した細胞シートが分化しているか否かという品質を非侵襲で評価することに適用可能である。 In addition to the method for discriminating the compound concentration switching time from the cell image as described above, in the automatic cell culture apparatus of the present embodiment, the compound is obtained by analyzing the cell state with an optical coherence tomometer 14 as shown in FIG. Density switching can be determined. In the method of judging from the cell image, since the judgment is made by observing several points on the culture surface, there is a possibility that it is not possible to know whether or not the part that was not observed is confluent. On the other hand, in the method of analyzing the cell state with the optical coherence tomography 14, it is possible to detect a cell defect location on the entire culture surface. The optical coherence tomography 14 can irradiate the sample with one of the two divided infrared lights and cause the reflected light and the other light to interfere with each other, thereby imaging the surface and cross section of the tissue on the entire medium surface. . Furthermore, since the optical coherence tomography 14 can measure the thickness of the cross section, it can be applied to non-invasively evaluate the quality of whether or not the produced cell sheet is differentiated.
 図11では図示を省略した、光干渉断層計14に設置された光源は、光源から照射される赤外光の照射位置を可変できる駆動手段を具備させることも可能である。この駆動手段を用いて、培養面の一方向における断面の画像を取得する。さらに、駆動手段を前記一方向に対して垂直方向に動かしながら、断面の画像を複数取得することで、培養面全体の断面画像を得ることができる。取得する断面画像の垂直方向の間隔は、細胞の欠損箇所に漏れのないよう、細胞の大きさよりも狭くなるように行うことが望ましい。また、後述する画像解析方法などによって細胞の大きさが解析できるため、細胞の増殖の度合いによって断面の画像を取得する間隔を決定してもよい。 The light source installed in the optical coherence tomography 14 (not shown in FIG. 11) can be provided with a drive unit that can change the irradiation position of the infrared light emitted from the light source. Using this driving means, an image of a cross section in one direction of the culture surface is acquired. Furthermore, a cross-sectional image of the entire culture surface can be obtained by acquiring a plurality of cross-sectional images while moving the drive means in a direction perpendicular to the one direction. It is desirable that the vertical interval of the acquired cross-sectional images be set to be narrower than the cell size so that there is no leakage at the cell defect site. In addition, since the size of the cell can be analyzed by an image analysis method described later, the interval at which the cross-sectional image is acquired may be determined depending on the degree of cell proliferation.
 また、取得した画像は表示部13に表示するようにしてもよい。表示の仕方は、細胞の欠損のある画像のみを表示してもよいし、細胞の欠損があったことのみをブザーで警告するようにしてもよい。細胞の有無を判別することができる。本実施例の自動細胞培養装置1の制御装置2は光干渉断層計14での検出結果に基づいて、コンフルエントであれば化合物濃度を切替える。 Further, the acquired image may be displayed on the display unit 13. As a display method, only an image with a cell defect may be displayed, or only a cell defect may be warned with a buzzer. The presence or absence of cells can be determined. Based on the detection result of the optical coherence tomography 14, the control device 2 of the automatic cell culture device 1 of the present embodiment switches the compound concentration if it is confluent.
 以上のようにコンフルエントの状態かどうかを判別し、化合物濃度を切り替えることが可能であるが、切り替える時点は、コンフルエントとなった時点よりも所定時間経過後とするように設定することも短期間化に有効である。所定時間を経過すると、後で説明する敷石状形態が発生する。そのため、予めこの敷石状形態の発生を考慮した切り替え時点を設定しておけば、より短期にて培養が可能となる。 As described above, it is possible to determine whether the state is confluent and switch the compound concentration, but it is also possible to set the switching time to be after a predetermined time from the time when it became confluent. It is effective for. When a predetermined time elapses, a paving stone shape which will be described later is generated. Therefore, if a switching time point in consideration of the occurrence of this paving stone shape is set in advance, culture can be performed in a shorter time.
 上述した図10の細胞画像による方法と図11の光干渉断層計による方法は併用して用いることが可能であり、より確実に化合物濃度を自動制御できる。例えば、培養面に対する細胞占有面積が設定した値以上(例えば100%)であり、かつ培養面全体(例えば100%)で細胞分の厚みを有していると判断された場合、化合物濃度を切り替えることにより、よりコンフルエントを判断する精度を高めることができる。 The above-described cell image method of FIG. 10 and the optical coherence tomography method of FIG. 11 can be used in combination, and the compound concentration can be automatically controlled more reliably. For example, when it is determined that the cell occupation area with respect to the culture surface is equal to or greater than a set value (for example, 100%) and the entire culture surface (for example, 100%) has a thickness of cells, the compound concentration is switched. As a result, the accuracy of determining confluence can be increased.
 図13に、電気抵抗測定装置15を付属させた実施例2の別の変形例を示す。上皮系の細胞は細胞同士が密に結合することによって密着結合を形成する。密着結合が細胞間に形成されると、細胞間でのイオンのやり取りが遮断されるため、細胞間に電圧を印加した際に抵抗が生じる。すなわち、細胞が密で敷石状形態となり、密着結合が形成されているか否かを電気抵抗値により判断することができる。 FIG. 13 shows another modification of the second embodiment to which the electrical resistance measuring device 15 is attached. Epithelial cells form tight junctions when the cells are tightly coupled. When tight junctions are formed between cells, exchange of ions between cells is blocked, and thus resistance occurs when a voltage is applied between cells. That is, it can be determined from the electric resistance value whether the cells are dense and have a paving stone shape and a tight bond is formed.
 そこで、制御装置2は、電気抵抗測定装置15による抵抗値の時系列変化を演算し、演算結果から抵抗値が指数関数の形状にて変化しているかどうかを解析する。抵抗値が指数関数にて変化していれば、密着結合が生じていると判別する。なお、この電気抵抗測定装置15は、図13のように光干渉断層計14と組み合わせて用い、培養された細胞の品質を確認するようにしてもよい。 Therefore, the control device 2 calculates the time series change of the resistance value by the electrical resistance measuring device 15, and analyzes whether or not the resistance value changes in the form of an exponential function from the calculation result. If the resistance value changes with an exponential function, it is determined that tight coupling has occurred. The electrical resistance measuring device 15 may be used in combination with the optical coherence tomography 14 as shown in FIG. 13 to check the quality of the cultured cells.
 なお、本実施例では化合物濃度を切り替える演算手段を制御装置2に有した場合について述べたが、化合物濃度調節部21に演算手段を持たせ、制御装置2とは独立した化合物濃度調節部21によって化合物濃度の変更を制御することも可能である。この場合において、化合物濃度を制御する方法は、化合物供給部20から供給される化合物供給量を、第一の供給量から第二の供給量に変更するため、化合物濃度調節部21にて調節するよう、制御装置2にて制御してやればよい。 In the present embodiment, the case where the control device 2 has calculation means for switching the compound concentration has been described. However, the compound concentration adjustment section 21 is provided with calculation means, and the compound concentration adjustment section 21 independent of the control apparatus 2 is used. It is also possible to control changes in the compound concentration. In this case, the method of controlling the compound concentration is adjusted by the compound concentration adjusting unit 21 in order to change the compound supply amount supplied from the compound supply unit 20 from the first supply amount to the second supply amount. Control may be performed by the control device 2.
 次に、実施例3として、分化を抑制する化合物の濃度の切替時期を、敷石状形態を示した時点とする場合の細胞培養方法、自動細胞培養装置の実施例を説明する。すなわち、濃度切替時期を、コンフルエント時ではなく、コンフルエント後、細胞密度が高くなり、細胞一つ一つの体積が小さくなって敷き詰めれた状態である敷石状形態の状態とする。図2で説明したように、重層化などの分化は敷石状形態を経た後に起こる事象であるため、敷石状形態を示した時点で化合物濃度を切り替た方がより早期に所望の組織を製造できる。なお、貴の敷石状形態を利用する点以外は、実施例1、2と同じであるので、重複する説明は省略する。 Next, as Example 3, an example of a cell culturing method and an automatic cell culturing apparatus when the timing of switching the concentration of a compound that suppresses differentiation is set to a point in time when a cobblestone form is shown will be described. That is, the concentration switching time is not a confluence but a cobblestone-like state in which the cell density is increased and the volume of each cell is reduced and spread after confluence. As described in FIG. 2, differentiation such as stratification is an event that occurs after passing through a paving stone-like form, so that it is possible to produce a desired tissue earlier by switching the compound concentration when the paving stone-like form is shown. . In addition, since it is the same as Example 1, 2 except the point which uses a precious paving stone form form, the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.
 図10の自動細胞培養装置1の制御装置2は、実施例2で説明した細胞解析結果により、細胞占有率が100%に到達した後に、細胞画像における細胞間が明瞭となるように画像を処理する。その後、図19に示すように、任意に設定された画像の任意点での一線上における輝度の変化を信号にして算出する。この信号の分布であるプロットプロファイルから、敷石状形態における細胞の大きさである約5~20μmおきに規則的に検出される信号であるかどうかで敷石状形態を判別し、敷石状形態であった場合に、実施例2で説明した方法等で化合物濃度を変更する。本実施例の制御装置2は、敷石状形態を示さない場合、即ち、細胞間の長さを示す信号の検出結果にて、細胞が上記のような敷石状形態における大きさでない場合は、初期化合物濃度での培養を継続し、上記に示した手順を再度実行する。 The control device 2 of the automatic cell culture device 1 in FIG. 10 processes the image so that the cell space in the cell image becomes clear after the cell occupancy reaches 100% based on the cell analysis result described in the second embodiment. To do. After that, as shown in FIG. 19, a change in luminance on one line at an arbitrary point of an arbitrarily set image is calculated as a signal. From the plot profile which is the distribution of this signal, the paving stone shape is discriminated based on whether or not the signal is regularly detected at intervals of about 5 to 20 μm, which is the cell size in the paving stone shape. In this case, the compound concentration is changed by the method described in Example 2. When the control device 2 of the present embodiment does not show a paving stone shape, that is, when the cell is not the size in the paving stone shape as described above in the detection result of the signal indicating the length between cells, Continue culturing at the compound concentration and repeat the procedure shown above.
 敷石状形態か否かを判別する別の方法として、CCDカメラ12で撮像された細胞の画像の信号の分布から、細胞の大きさの平均、或いは分布を用いて判別することも可能である。撮像された画像における各細胞の輪郭周辺部分は、画像において相対的に輝度が低くなり、細胞自身と各細胞間の輝度は高くなって示される。すなわち、培養の初期の頃は細胞数が少ないため、輝度が高くなる部分が多く、画像の平均輝度は高い状態となっている。さらに、細胞数が増えるにつれて、細胞周辺部分である輝度が低い部分も増えるため、画像の平均輝度は徐々に低くなる。 As another method for determining whether or not it is a paving stone shape, it is also possible to determine from the distribution of the signal of the cell image captured by the CCD camera 12 using the average or distribution of the cell size. The peripheral portion of the outline of each cell in the captured image is shown with a relatively low luminance in the image and a high luminance between the cell itself and each cell. That is, since the number of cells is small at the early stage of culture, there are many portions where the luminance is high, and the average luminance of the image is high. Furthermore, as the number of cells increases, the portion around the cells having a low luminance also increases, so the average luminance of the image gradually decreases.
 培養面がコンフルエントの状態となった後は、敷石状形態に近づくにつれ、細胞の増殖によって密に敷き詰められていくため、細胞の数が増加していく。つまり、画像における細胞の輪郭周辺部分の面積が増えていくため、平均輝度は下がり続ける。最終的に形成される敷石状形態は、培養面における細胞の自己複製が飽和している状態であるので、敷石状形態が形成されてから分化が開始されるまでは、画像の平均輝度は一定の状態となる。よって、制御装置2は、画像の平均輝度が一定の値となった時期を敷石状形態として判別し、化合物濃度を切り替えることができる。 After the culture surface becomes confluent, the number of cells increases because the cells are densely spread by the growth of the cells as the cobblestone shape is approached. That is, since the area around the outline of the cell in the image increases, the average luminance continues to decrease. The paving stone-like form that is finally formed is a state in which the self-replication of cells on the culture surface is saturated, so the average brightness of the image is constant from the formation of the paving stone-like form until differentiation begins. It becomes the state of. Therefore, the control apparatus 2 can discriminate | determine the time when the average brightness | luminance of an image became a constant value as a cobblestone form, and can switch a compound density | concentration.
 なお、実施例2にて説明した細胞の大きさの平均を用いることでも、敷石状形態を判別することが可能である。図9で説明したように、敷石状形態の場合、細胞の時系列変化は、コンフルエントから凝縮されて一定の大きさに留まるため、この一定の大きさとなった期間において、化合物濃度を切り替える。期間を求めるまでの制御装置2での演算方法は実施例2の方法と同様である。 In addition, it is possible to discriminate the cobblestone form by using the average cell size described in Example 2. As described with reference to FIG. 9, in the case of the paving stone shape, the time series change of the cells is condensed from the confluent and stays at a constant size. Therefore, the compound concentration is switched during the period of the constant size. The calculation method in the control device 2 until the period is obtained is the same as the method of the second embodiment.
 また、制御装置2によって解析された細胞の大きさの分布から、敷石状形態を判別することも可能である。図19に示すように、自己複製期における細胞の大きさは、上述のように敷石状形態よりも大きい。さらに培養面の各領域における培養の進行にもばらつきが生じるため、分布の分散値の領域も広くなっている。細胞の大きさ、および大きさの分布は、敷石状形態に近づくにつれて徐々に減少し、敷石状形態が形成された時点で、自己複製期における細胞の大きさとしては、最小かつ一定の値となる。 It is also possible to determine the cobblestone form from the cell size distribution analyzed by the control device 2. As shown in FIG. 19, the size of the cell in the self-renewal phase is larger than the paving stone shape as described above. Furthermore, since the culture progresses in each region of the culture surface, the region of the dispersion value of the distribution is widened. The cell size and the size distribution gradually decrease as the cobblestone morphology is approached, and when the cobblestone morphology is formed, the cell size during the self-renewal phase is a minimum and constant value. Become.
 したがって制御装置2は、細胞の大きさの分布が最も小さくなるような領域に移行した場合、あるいは分布による分散値の幅が最も狭くなった場合、大きさの分布の時系列変化が一定の値となった場合、もしくはこれらの組み合わせによっても、敷石状形態を判別し、化合物濃度を切り替えることが可能である。 Therefore, when the control device 2 shifts to a region where the cell size distribution is the smallest or when the width of the dispersion value due to the distribution is the narrowest, the time series change of the size distribution is a constant value. In this case, or by a combination of these, it is possible to discriminate the cobblestone form and switch the compound concentration.
 実施例2、3では培養槽内の酸素濃度を制御する装置構成であったが、実施例4は、湿度調節部と、ガス濃度調節部と、湿度・CO2・O2センサーは培養容器に接続され、培養容器内にガスを供給する場合の実施例である。 In the second and third embodiments, the apparatus configuration is configured to control the oxygen concentration in the culture tank. However, in the fourth embodiment, the humidity control unit, the gas concentration control unit, and the humidity / CO 2 / O 2 sensor are connected to the culture vessel. This is an example in the case of supplying gas into the culture vessel.
 図14~図17に示す通り、本実施例の自動細胞培養装置1では、湿度調節部6と、ガス濃度調節部6と、湿度・CO2・O2センサー11は培養容器4に接続され、培養容器4内に直接ガスを供給する。この構成により、培養容器4内のガス供給ポートを利用して、水蒸気も培養容器4内に流入することができる。また、培養槽3全体が恒温多湿環境である場合、培養槽3自体は無菌空間でないため、カビ、細菌が繁殖する危険性を有している。これに対して、培養容器4内が恒温多湿環境である場合、培養容器4内は無菌空間であるため、カビ、細菌が繁殖する危険性が低いといった利点がある。また、実施例2の構成と異なり、培養容器4に特殊な膜を設ける必要がないので、培養容器4作製工程も簡素化できる。図15~17は、図14の装置構成の変形例を示すものであり、ガス濃度調整部8が培養容器4に接続されている以外は、実施例2における、図10の装置構成の変形例である図11~図13の構成に対応しているため、ここでは説明を省略することとする。 As shown in FIGS. 14 to 17, in the automatic cell culture device 1 of the present embodiment, the humidity controller 6, the gas concentration controller 6, and the humidity / CO 2 / O 2 sensor 11 are connected to the culture container 4. Gas is supplied directly into 4. With this configuration, water vapor can also flow into the culture vessel 4 using the gas supply port in the culture vessel 4. Further, when the entire culture tank 3 is in a constant temperature and high humidity environment, the culture tank 3 itself is not a sterile space, and thus there is a risk of mold and bacteria breeding. On the other hand, when the inside of the culture container 4 is a constant temperature and high humidity environment, since the inside of the culture container 4 is an aseptic space, there is an advantage that the risk of mold and bacteria breeding is low. In addition, unlike the configuration of Example 2, there is no need to provide a special film on the culture vessel 4, so that the production process of the culture vessel 4 can be simplified. FIGS. 15 to 17 show a modification of the apparatus configuration of FIG. 14, and a modification of the apparatus configuration of FIG. 10 in the second embodiment except that the gas concentration adjusting unit 8 is connected to the culture vessel 4. This corresponds to the configuration of FIG. 11 to FIG. 13 and will not be described here.
 以上詳述した本発明は、短時間に組織を形成する細胞を培養することが可能であり、細胞培養方法、細胞培養装置、細胞シートとして極めて有用である。 The present invention described in detail above is capable of culturing cells forming a tissue in a short time, and is extremely useful as a cell culture method, a cell culture device, and a cell sheet.
 なお、本発明は上記した実施例に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば、上記した実施例は本発明のより良い理解のために詳細に説明したのであり、必ずしも説明の全ての構成を備えるものに限定されものではない。また、ある実施例の構成の一部を他の実施例の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、ある実施例の構成に他の実施例の構成を加えることが可能である。また、各実施例の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for better understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.
 更に、上述した各構成、機能、制御装置等は、それらの一部又は全部を実現するプログラムを作成する例を説明したが、それらの一部又は全部を例えば集積回路で設計する等によりハードウェアで実現しても良い。 Further, the above-described configurations, functions, control devices, and the like have been described as examples in which a program that realizes part or all of them is created. It may be realized with.
 また更に、上述した発明の詳細な説明中には、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明に限られず、種々の発明が開示されている。その例を列記すると下記の通りである。 Furthermore, in the detailed description of the invention described above, various inventions are disclosed without being limited to the invention described in the claims. Examples of these are listed below.
 <開示例1>
重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する培養領域に培養液を供給する培養液供給部と、
前記培養領域内、もしくは前記培養液供給部への分化を抑制する化合物の供給量を調節する化合物濃度調節部と、
制御部と、
前記細胞を透過させる第一の光と、前記細胞の表面で反射させる第二の光とを照射させる光干渉断層計と、を備え、
前記制御部は、
重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、
前記細胞を自己複製させる期間内の第一の期間を、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養し、
前記細胞の増殖の度合いに基づいて、前記分化を抑制する化合物を、前記第一の供給量より少ない第二の供給量に変更し、
前記細胞が重層化する期間を含む第二の期間を、前記第二の供給量にて培養するよう、前記化合物濃度調節部を制御する、
ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
<Disclosure Example 1>
A culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to a culture region for culturing cells forming a stratified epithelial tissue;
A compound concentration adjusting unit for adjusting a supply amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture region or the culture solution supply unit;
A control unit;
An optical coherence tomography that irradiates the first light that transmits the cell and the second light that is reflected by the surface of the cell;
The controller is
During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue,
Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation;
Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount,
Controlling the compound concentration regulator so that the second period including the period in which the cells are stratified is cultured in the second supply amount;
A cell culture device.
 <開示例2>
重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する培養領域に培養液を供給する培養液供給部と、
前記培養領域内、もしくは前記培養液供給部への分化を抑制する化合物の供給量を調節する化合物濃度調節部と、
制御部と、
前記細胞の電気抵抗値を測定する電気抵抗測定部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、
重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、
前記細胞を自己複製させる期間内の第一の期間を、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養し、
前記細胞の増殖の度合いに基づいて、前記分化を抑制する化合物を、前記第一の供給量より少ない第二の供給量に変更し、
前記細胞が重層化する期間を含む第二の期間を、前記第二の供給量にて培養するよう、前記化合物濃度調節部を制御する、
ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
<Disclosure example 2>
A culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to a culture region for culturing cells forming a stratified epithelial tissue;
A compound concentration adjusting unit for adjusting a supply amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture region or the culture solution supply unit;
A control unit;
An electrical resistance measurement unit for measuring the electrical resistance value of the cell,
The controller is
During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue,
Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation;
Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount,
Controlling the compound concentration regulator so that the second period including the period in which the cells are stratified is cultured in the second supply amount;
A cell culture device.
 <開示例3>
重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する培養領域に培養液を供給する培養液供給部と、
前記培養領域内、もしくは前記培養液供給部への分化を抑制する化合物の供給量を調節する化合物濃度調節部と、
制御部と、
前記細胞の電気抵抗値を測定する電気抵抗測定部と、
前記細胞を透過させる第一の光と、前記細胞の表面で反射させる第二の光とを照射させる光干渉断層計と、を備え、
前記制御部は、
重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、
前記細胞を自己複製させる期間内の第一の期間を、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養し、
前記細胞の増殖の度合いに基づいて、前記分化を抑制する化合物を、前記第一の供給量より少ない第二の供給量に変更し、
前記細胞が重層化する期間を含む第二の期間を、前記第二の供給量にて培養するよう、前記化合物濃度調節部を制御する、
ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
<Disclosure Example 3>
A culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to a culture region for culturing cells forming a stratified epithelial tissue;
A compound concentration adjusting unit for adjusting a supply amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture region or the culture solution supply unit;
A control unit;
An electrical resistance measurement unit for measuring the electrical resistance value of the cells;
An optical coherence tomography that irradiates the first light that transmits the cell and the second light that is reflected by the surface of the cell;
The controller is
During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue,
Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation;
Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount,
Controlling the compound concentration regulator so that the second period including the period in which the cells are stratified is cultured in the second supply amount;
A cell culture device.
 <開示例4>
開示例3に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
前記細胞を撮像する撮像部を更に備え、
前記制御部は、
前記撮像部から取得した画像、或いは電気抵抗測定部又は前記光干渉断層計の出力から、前記細胞の増殖の度合いを算出する、
ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
<Disclosure Example 4>
A cell culture device according to disclosure example 3,
Further comprising an imaging unit for imaging the cells,
The controller is
From the image acquired from the imaging unit, or the output of the electrical resistance measuring unit or the optical coherence tomography, the degree of proliferation of the cells is calculated,
A cell culture device.
 <開示例5>
重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する培養容器と、
前記培養容器を所定温度に制御する恒温槽と、
前記培養容器に培養液を供給する培養液供給部と、
前記培養領域内、もしくは前記培養液供給部への分化を抑制する化合物の供給量を調節する化合物濃度調節部と、
制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、
重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、
前記細胞を自己複製させる期間内の第一の期間を、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養し、
前記細胞の増殖の度合いに基づいて、前記分化を抑制する化合物を、前記第一の供給量より少ない第二の供給量に変更し、
前記細胞が重層化する期間を含む第二の期間を、前記第二の供給量にて培養するよう、前記化合物濃度調節部を制御する、
ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
<Disclosure Example 5>
A culture vessel for culturing cells forming the stratified epithelial tissue;
A thermostat for controlling the culture vessel to a predetermined temperature;
A culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to the culture vessel;
A compound concentration adjusting unit for adjusting a supply amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture region or the culture solution supply unit;
A control unit,
The controller is
During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue,
Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation;
Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount,
Controlling the compound concentration regulator so that the second period including the period in which the cells are stratified is cultured in the second supply amount;
A cell culture device.
 <開示例6>
開示例5に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
前記恒温槽の温度を調節する温度調節部と、
前記恒温槽の湿度を調整する湿度調整部と、
前記恒温槽のガス濃度を調整するガス濃度調整部とを、更に備え、
前記制御部は、
前記温度調節部と、前記湿度調整部と、前記ガス濃度調整部を制御する、
ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
<Disclosure Example 6>
A cell culture device according to disclosure example 5,
A temperature adjusting unit for adjusting the temperature of the thermostat;
A humidity adjusting unit for adjusting the humidity of the thermostatic chamber;
A gas concentration adjusting unit for adjusting the gas concentration of the thermostatic chamber,
The controller is
Controlling the temperature adjusting unit, the humidity adjusting unit, and the gas concentration adjusting unit;
A cell culture device.
 <開示例7>
開示例5に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
前記恒温槽の温度を調節する温度調節部と、
前記培養容器の湿度を調整する湿度調整部と、
前記培養容器のガス濃度を調整するガス濃度調整部とを、更に備え、
前記制御部は、
前記温度調節部と、前記湿度調整部と、前記ガス濃度調整部を制御する、
ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
<Disclosure example 7>
A cell culture device according to disclosure example 5,
A temperature adjusting unit for adjusting the temperature of the thermostat;
A humidity adjusting unit for adjusting the humidity of the culture vessel;
A gas concentration adjusting unit for adjusting the gas concentration of the culture vessel,
The controller is
Controlling the temperature adjusting unit, the humidity adjusting unit, and the gas concentration adjusting unit;
A cell culture device.
1…自動細胞培養装置
2…制御装置
3…恒温槽
4…培養容器
5…温度調節部
6…湿度調節部
7…ガス供給部
8…ガス濃度調節部
9…培養液・廃液タンク
10…培養液供給ポンプ
11…温度・湿度・CO2・O2センサー
12…細胞観察用CCDカメラ
13…表示部
14…光干渉断層計
15…電気抵抗測定装置
19…温度センサー
20…化合物供給部
21…化合物濃度調節部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Automatic cell culture apparatus 2 ... Control apparatus 3 ... Constant temperature bath 4 ... Culture container 5 ... Temperature control part 6 ... Humidity control part 7 ... Gas supply part 8 ... Gas concentration control part 9 ... Culture solution / waste liquid tank 10 ... Culture solution Supply pump 11 ... Temperature / humidity / CO2 / O2 sensor 12 ... CCD camera 13 for cell observation ... Display unit 14 ... Optical coherence tomography 15 ... Electrical resistance measuring device 19 ... Temperature sensor 20 ... Compound supply unit 21 ... Compound concentration adjustment unit

Claims (15)

  1. 細胞培養方法であって、
    重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、
    前記細胞を自己複製させる期間内の第一の期間を、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養し、
    前記細胞の増殖の度合いに基づいて、前記分化を抑制する化合物を、前記第一の供給量より少ない第二の供給量に変更し、
    前記細胞が重層化する期間を含む第二の期間を、前記第二の供給量にて培養する、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養方法。
    A cell culture method comprising:
    During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue,
    Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation;
    Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount,
    Culturing a second period including a period of stratification of the cells in the second supply amount,
    A cell culture method characterized by the above.
  2. 請求項1記載の細胞培養方法であって、
    前記分化を抑制する化合物は、Notchシグナル伝達を抑制する化合物である、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養方法。
    The cell culture method according to claim 1,
    The compound that suppresses differentiation is a compound that suppresses Notch signaling.
    A cell culture method characterized by the above.
  3. 請求項2に記載の細胞培養方法であって、
    前記分化を抑制する化合物の前記第二の供給量は零である、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養方法。
    The cell culture method according to claim 2,
    The second supply of the compound that inhibits differentiation is zero;
    A cell culture method characterized by the above.
  4. 細胞培養装置であって、
    重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する培養領域に培養液を供給する培養液供給部と、
    前記培養領域内、もしくは前記培養液供給部への分化を抑制する化合物の供給量を調節する化合物濃度調節部と、
    制御部と、を備え、
    前記制御部は、
    重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、
    前記細胞を自己複製させる期間内の第一の期間を、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養し、
    前記細胞の増殖の度合いに基づいて、前記分化を抑制する化合物を、前記第一の供給量より少ない第二の供給量に変更し、
    前記細胞が重層化する期間を含む第二の期間を、前記第二の供給量にて培養するよう、前記化合物濃度調節部を制御する、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
    A cell culture device,
    A culture solution supply unit for supplying a culture solution to a culture region for culturing cells forming a stratified epithelial tissue;
    A compound concentration adjusting unit for adjusting a supply amount of a compound that suppresses differentiation into the culture region or the culture solution supply unit;
    A control unit,
    The controller is
    During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue,
    Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation;
    Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount,
    Controlling the compound concentration regulator so that the second period including the period in which the cells are stratified is cultured in the second supply amount;
    A cell culture device.
  5. 請求項4に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
    前記細胞を撮像する撮像部を更に備え、
    前記制御部は、
    前記撮像部から取得した画像から、前記細胞の増殖の度合い、或いは前記細胞の大きさの平均の時系列変化を算出する、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
    The cell culture device according to claim 4,
    Further comprising an imaging unit for imaging the cells,
    The controller is
    From the image acquired from the imaging unit, to calculate the degree of proliferation of the cells, or the average time series change of the size of the cells,
    A cell culture device.
  6. 請求項5に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
    前記制御部は、
    前記画像に基づき、前記自己複製させる期間のうち、前記細胞が前記培養領域内の所定領域まで自己複製によって増殖した場合、前記第一の供給量を前記第二の供給量に変更するよう、前記化合物濃度調節部を制御する、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
    The cell culture device according to claim 5,
    The controller is
    Based on the image, when the cell grows by self-replication up to a predetermined region in the culture region during the self-replication period, the first supply amount is changed to the second supply amount, Control the compound concentration regulator,
    A cell culture device.
  7. 請求項5に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
    表示部を更に備え、
    前記表示部に、前記細胞の増殖の度合い、或いは前記細胞の大きさの平均の時系列変化を表示させる、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
    The cell culture device according to claim 5,
    A display unit;
    In the display unit, the degree of proliferation of the cells or the average time series change of the cell size is displayed.
    A cell culture device.
  8. 請求項5に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
    前記培養領域は、前記細胞を培養させる第一の面を有し、
    前記細胞の増殖の度合いは、前記第一の面に対する前記細胞の占有率である、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
    The cell culture device according to claim 5,
    The culture region has a first surface for culturing the cells,
    The degree of proliferation of the cells is the occupancy of the cells relative to the first surface;
    A cell culture device.
  9. 請求項8に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
    前記制御部は、
    前記占有率に基づいて、前記第一の供給量を前記第二の供給量に変更するよう、前記化合物濃度調節部を制御する、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
    The cell culture device according to claim 8, wherein
    The controller is
    Based on the occupancy rate, the compound concentration adjusting unit is controlled to change the first supply amount to the second supply amount.
    A cell culture device.
  10. 請求項8に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
    前記細胞を透過させる第一の光と、前記細胞の表面で反射させる第二の光とを照射させる光干渉断層計を更に備え、
    前記干渉断層計は、前記第一の光と前記第二の光との干渉に基づいて、前記占有率を算出する、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
    The cell culture device according to claim 8, wherein
    An optical coherence tomography that irradiates the first light that transmits the cell and the second light that is reflected by the surface of the cell;
    The coherence tomography calculates the occupation rate based on interference between the first light and the second light.
    A cell culture device.
  11. 請求項5に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
    前記制御部は、
    前記時系列変化から、前記細胞が自己複製する期間のうち、前記細胞の大きさの平均が最大となる時点以降の期間を特定し、
    前記細胞の大きさの平均が最大となる時点以降の期間に、前記分化を抑制する化合物を、前記第一の供給量から前記第二の供給量に変更するよう、前記化合物濃度調節部を制御する、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
    The cell culture device according to claim 5,
    The controller is
    From the time-series change, among the periods in which the cells self-replicate, specify the period after the point when the average of the cell size is maximum,
    The compound concentration control unit is controlled so that the compound that suppresses differentiation is changed from the first supply amount to the second supply amount in a period after the time point when the average cell size becomes maximum. To
    A cell culture device.
  12. 請求項11に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
    前記制御部は、
    前記細胞の大きさの平均が最大となる時点以降の期間のうち、前記細胞の大きさの平均が一定となる期間に、前記分化を抑制する化合物を、前記第一の供給量から前記第二の供給量に変更するよう、前記化合物濃度調節部を制御する、ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
    The cell culture device according to claim 11,
    The controller is
    In the period after the time point when the average cell size becomes maximum, the compound that suppresses the differentiation is added from the first supply amount to the second during the period when the average cell size is constant. The cell culture device is characterized in that the compound concentration adjusting unit is controlled so as to change the supply amount of the compound.
  13. 請求項4に記載の細胞培養装置であって、
    前記分化を抑制する化合物は、Notchシグナル伝達を抑制する化合物である、
    ことを特徴とする細胞培養装置。
    The cell culture device according to claim 4,
    The compound that suppresses differentiation is a compound that suppresses Notch signaling.
    A cell culture device.
  14. 重層上皮組織を形成する細胞を培養する期間のうち、
    前記細胞を自己複製させる期間内の第一の期間を、分化を抑制する化合物の第一の供給量で培養し、
    前記細胞の増殖の度合いに基づいて、前記分化を抑制する化合物を、前記第一の供給量より少ない第二の供給量に変更し、
    前記細胞が重層化する期間を含む第二の期間を、前記第二の供給量にて培養した、
    ことを特徴とする細胞シート。
    During the period of culturing cells that form stratified epithelial tissue,
    Culturing a first period within a period of self-replication of the cells with a first supply of a compound that inhibits differentiation;
    Based on the degree of proliferation of the cells, the compound that inhibits the differentiation is changed to a second supply amount that is less than the first supply amount,
    Cultivating the second period including the period in which the cells are stratified in the second supply amount,
    A cell sheet characterized by that.
  15. 請求項14に記載の細胞シートであって、
    前記分化を抑制する化合物は、Notchシグナル伝達を抑制する化合物である、
    ことを特徴とする細胞シート。
    The cell sheet according to claim 14,
    The compound that suppresses differentiation is a compound that suppresses Notch signaling.
    A cell sheet characterized by that.
PCT/JP2013/068924 2013-07-10 2013-07-10 Cell culturing method, device, and cell sheet WO2015004762A1 (en)

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JP2019000038A (en) * 2017-06-15 2019-01-10 国立大学法人山口大学 Method for fabricating laminated cell sheet, and laminated cell sheet
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