WO2015001148A1 - Assembly method and device for wind turbine towers - Google Patents

Assembly method and device for wind turbine towers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015001148A1
WO2015001148A1 PCT/ES2013/070479 ES2013070479W WO2015001148A1 WO 2015001148 A1 WO2015001148 A1 WO 2015001148A1 ES 2013070479 W ES2013070479 W ES 2013070479W WO 2015001148 A1 WO2015001148 A1 WO 2015001148A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
tower
upper section
location
assembly method
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2013/070479
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francisco Javier MARTÍNEZ DE CASTAÑEDA
Manuel Cidoncha Escobar
Original Assignee
Pacadar S.A.U.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pacadar S.A.U. filed Critical Pacadar S.A.U.
Priority to PCT/ES2013/070479 priority Critical patent/WO2015001148A1/en
Publication of WO2015001148A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015001148A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/34—Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like
    • E04H12/344—Arrangements for lifting tower sections for placing additional sections under them
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/61—Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mounting method and device for wind turbine towers. More specifically, it refers to a method and a device for e! assembly of wind turbine towers divided vertically into sections joined together by cross joints.
  • the invention has application in the assembly operations of the sections of a wind tower that are assembled together to form the cylinder or cone of the tower structure.
  • a variety of methods for mounting wind turbine towers are known in the prior art.
  • the known methods make a tower assembly consisting of placing each section in which the tower is divided over the lower section by lifting with the help of a mounting crane.
  • the process normally involves the coupling of the assembly crane to the section, elevation of the section, rotation of the crane to locate the section vertically on its final location, for example, on the base and descent of the section on its final location. This process is carried out with each section until the total tower height is reached.
  • the known methods also have the disadvantage of requiring a wide area, due to the need to use large capacity cranes to lift the sections. This area is due not only to the dimensions of the cranes 'bases, but also to the maximum and minimum working radius of the cranes that allow working only in a predetermined range of distances from the cranes' base.
  • the claimed assembly method for wind turbine towers applies to towers that comprise at least two sections. Sections can be made in prefabricated concrete, metal or any suitable material.
  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the assembly of wind towers.
  • the method of the invention simplifies and reduces the work operations and the movement of the sections with respect to traditional assemblies.
  • the sections are transported to the tower site, for example, on a mobile platform, the sections being transported in a vertical or horizontal position.
  • the claimed process is characterized by the following stages that will be developed at the definitive location of the tower, where the tower comprises at least one upper section and one lower section:
  • the claimed method could be developed for more than two sections, always following the pattern of first location of the upper section, vertical elevation of said section, location of the lower section below the upper section, realization of its union and vertical elevation of both mounted sections to allow the placement under both of a lower section to join and repeat the previous steps.
  • the claimed method performs the following movements with each section, firstly each section can be moved horizontally on the floor of the wind farm to its final location, for example, mounted on a platform or wheeled vehicle and secondly , each section scrolls vertically over its final location.
  • known mounting methods perform the following movements with each section, first each section is located in the vicinity of the final location of the tower, secondly, the section rises vertically, thirdly said elevated section moves horizontally by the rotation of the crane until it reaches the vertical position on the final location of the tower and finally descends on the lower section.
  • an object of the invention is a mounting device for the assembly of wind turbine towers where the tower comprises at least one upper section and one lower section.
  • the device comprises:
  • a base comprising a perimeter limit and an open side of said perimeter limit to allow the entry of a section of the tower inside the perimeter limit.
  • a lifting element for housing a section of the tower comprising clamping means to hold the section and which is vertically mobile with respect to the vertical guide.
  • the claimed device allows the following movements to be carried out in each section, firstly each section can be moved horizontally from ground level to its final location, as the base of the mounting device has an open side allowing so each section can be introduced until it is directly on, for example, the base of the tower. Once there, the lifting element holds the section and the section rises vertically thanks to the vertical guide.
  • the claimed mounting device also provides stability to the sections while the assembly is being carried out, mainly wind stability, in contrast to the mounting methods in which the sections are lifted by a crane and suspended from a cable. Sections are not suspended but are attached to the structure of the assembly or providing greater mechanical stability against wind forces.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic front view of a 2 0 tower location showing a first embodiment of the method of the invention in which the sections reach the mounting device in an upright position.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic front view of the location of the
  • Figure 3 is a schematic front view of the location of the tower of Figure 1 in which the lifting element lifts a first
  • Figure 4 is a schematic front view of the location of the tower of Figure 1 in which a second section is placed under the first elevated section.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic front view of the location of the tower of Figure 1 in which the lifting element supports the second section.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic front view of the location of the i or tower of Figure 1 in which the lifting element elevates the first and second sections.
  • Figure 7 is the schematic plan view of an embodiment example of the lifting element.
  • Figure 8 is the schematic plan view of an example embodiment of the base.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic front view of a 2 0 tower location showing a second embodiment of the method claimed by the invention in which the sections reach the mounting device in a horizontal position.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic front view of the location of the
  • Figure 1 1 is a schematic side view of the location of the tower of Figure 1 in which the mounting device comprises an element
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment in which the sections (1, 2, 3) reach the mounting device in an upright position. More specifically three sections (1, 2, 3) are transported on the wheel platforms (20).
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 1 of the mounting device comprises the base (12) comprising the perimeter limit and the open side (19) as shown in Figure 8.
  • the open side (19) is configured such that the sections of the tower (1, 2, 3) are capable of entering the perimeter limit of the base (12), therefore be placed directly on the final location of the tower.
  • the mounting device shown in Figure 1 also comprises four vertical brackets that configure its vertical guide (13).
  • the lifting element (1 1) is vertically movable with respect to the vertical guide (13). In order to allow each section (1, 2, 3) to be placed on the final location, the lifting element (1 1) is in its elevated position.
  • the base (12) shown in Figure 1 also comprises a second open side to allow the platform (20) to exit the section (1, 2, 3).
  • Figure 2 shows the lower section (1) held by the lifting element (1 1) and between the supports of the vertical guide (13).
  • the lifting element (1 1) comprises means for holding the section (1, 2, 3).
  • Said fastening means could be suction means, pressure means or mechanical elements that are attached to the lifting element (1 1) and that are capable of being introduced into a hole in the section (1, 2, 3) or maintaining the section ( 1, 2, 3) from its lower base.
  • Figure 3 shows the next step of the method of the embodiment of the invention in which the upper section (1) has been raised vertically by the lifting element (1 1) to a height such that a lower section (2) is capable of being placed under said upper section (1).
  • Lower section (2) it enters the perimeter limit of the base (12), therefore it is located directly on the final location of the tower and under the suspension section (1), see figure 4.
  • Figure 5 shows the upper section (1) and the lower section (2) joined together.
  • the lifting element (1 1) has been moved to its lower position so that it is capable of supporting the lower section (2).
  • the lifting element (1 1) raises both in the upper section (1) and lower section (2) in order to allow a third section (3) to be placed under said upper and lower sections (1, 2).
  • the third section is
  • Figure 9 shows a second embodiment in which the
  • the claimed method comprises an additional step in which, before lifting the upper section (1) vertically, said upper section (1) is rotated from the horizontal position to a vertical position and
  • the device shown in Figure 9 comprises an additional lifting element! (21) comprising clamping means, for example, a cable (18) that connects to! upper end of the section (1, 2, 3) to raise the section (1, 2, 3) when the additional lifting element (21) is raised.
  • clamping means for example, a cable (18) that connects to! upper end of the section (1, 2, 3) to raise the section (1, 2, 3) when the additional lifting element (21) is raised.
  • the platform with wheels (20) follows the movement of the lower end of the section (1, 2, 3).
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the base (12).
  • the base (12) also includes motors (15) connected to the cables connected to the base (12).
  • the mounting device is mobile so that it can move from one location of the tower to the next. It includes wheels (16) that they could be under the base (12).
  • the mounting device can be easily transported when the lifting element (1 1) is lowered, since it has a low center of gravity.
  • the distance between the wheels can be adapted to the width of the roads (17) inside the wind farm.
  • the mounting device also comprises an auxiliary lifting element (30) attached to the base (12) or the vertical guide (13) and configured in such a way that it is capable of taking elements from the ground and locating them on the upper section (1) when said upper section (1) is on the final location of the tower in such a way that a gondola (31) could be placed on the upper section (1) when said upper section (1) is on the final location of the tower and before it is raised vertically.
  • an auxiliary lifting element (30) attached to the base (12) or the vertical guide (13) and configured in such a way that it is capable of taking elements from the ground and locating them on the upper section (1) when said upper section (1) is on the final location of the tower in such a way that a gondola (31) could be placed on the upper section (1) when said upper section (1) is on the final location of the tower and before it is raised vertically.
  • the gondola (31) is located on the upper section (1) of the tower when the tower is fully assembled but according to the invention, the gondola (31) is located on the upper section (1) and is then lift together with said upper section (1) until the entire tower is mounted.
  • This method of mounting the gondola (31) allows the gondola (31) to be located at a considerably lower height compared to the height of the entire tower, which leads to avoiding the need to use large capacity cranes to locate the gondola ( 31) at the top of the tower.
  • the blades are located with the tower completely assembled, these blades are much lighter than the gondola (31) so a large capacity crane would not be necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly method and device for assembling a wind turbine tower divided vertically into sections. The wind turbine tower assembly method comprises the following steps performed at the final location of the tower: placing the upper section (1) at the final location of the tower; vertically lifting the upper section (1) at least to a height that allows the lower section (2) to be positioned below the upper section (1); placing the lower section (2) below the upper section (1) at the final location of the tower; lowering the upper section (1) until it comes into contact with the lower section (2); and joining the two sections (1, 2).

Description

CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN  FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un método de montaje y dispositivo para torres de aerogeneradores. Más específicamente, se refiere a un método y un dispositivo para e! montaje de torres de aerogeneradores divididas verticalmente en secciones unidas entre sí por juntas transversales. The present invention relates to a mounting method and device for wind turbine towers. More specifically, it refers to a method and a device for e! assembly of wind turbine towers divided vertically into sections joined together by cross joints.
Por lo tanto la invención tiene aplicación en las operaciones de montaje de las secciones de una torre de viento que se montan juntss hasta formar el cilindro o cono de la estructura de la torre. Therefore the invention has application in the assembly operations of the sections of a wind tower that are assembled together to form the cylinder or cone of the tower structure.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Se conocen en la técnica anterior una variedad de métodos para el montaje de torres de aerogenerador. Los métodos conocidos realizan un montaje de la torre que consiste en colocar cada sección en la que la torre se divide sobre la sección inferior mediante la elevación con la ayuda de una grúa de montaje. El proceso normalmente implica el acoplamiento de la grúa de montaje a la sección, elevación de la sección, giro de la grúa para localizar la sección verticalmente sobre su ubicación final, por ejemplo, sobre la base y descenso de la sección sobre su ubicación final. Este proceso se lleva a cabo con cada sección hasta que se alcanza la altura total de la torre. A variety of methods for mounting wind turbine towers are known in the prior art. The known methods make a tower assembly consisting of placing each section in which the tower is divided over the lower section by lifting with the help of a mounting crane. The process normally involves the coupling of the assembly crane to the section, elevation of the section, rotation of the crane to locate the section vertically on its final location, for example, on the base and descent of the section on its final location. This process is carried out with each section until the total tower height is reached.
El uso de grandes grúas que requieren alta capacidad de carga y alta capacidad de altura de elevación, junto con las dificultades del trabajo en vertical, implican altos costes y tiempo de desplazamiento y el montaje. Los métodos conocidos tienen también el inconveniente de requerir una zona amplia, debido a la necesidad de usar grúas de gran capacidad para elevar las secciones. Dicho área se debe no sólo a las dimensiones de las bases de las grúas, sino también al radio máximo y mínimo de trabajo de las grúas que permiten sólo trabajar en un rango predeterminado de distancias de la base de las grúas. The use of large cranes that require high load capacity and high lifting capacity, together with the difficulties of working vertically, involve high costs and travel time and assembly. The known methods also have the disadvantage of requiring a wide area, due to the need to use large capacity cranes to lift the sections. This area is due not only to the dimensions of the cranes 'bases, but also to the maximum and minimum working radius of the cranes that allow working only in a predetermined range of distances from the cranes' base.
Además las dimensiones de cada sección están limitada por la capacidad de la grúa tanto en peso como en altura. Por último, el uso de grúas de gran capacidad también limita el tiempo de las tareas de elevación ya que las paradas debidas al viento son frecuentes, porque cuando se trabaja con grúas de gran capacidad los trabajos tienen que ser interrumpidos y la elevación de materiales tiene que ser detenida cuando la velocidad del viento es superior a un límite especificado . In addition the dimensions of each section are limited by the capacity of the crane both in weight and height. Finally, the use of large capacity cranes also limits the time of lifting tasks since wind stops are frequent, because when working with large capacity cranes the work has to be interrupted and the lifting of materials has It must be stopped when the wind speed exceeds a specified limit.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Los inconvenientes anteriormente mencionados se resuelven por el método reivindicado y por el dispositivo objeto de la invención. The aforementioned drawbacks are resolved by the claimed method and by the device object of the invention.
El método de montaje reivindicado para torres de aerogeneradores se aplica a las torres que comprenden al menos dos secciones. Las secciones pueden estar realizadas en prefabncados de hormigón, metálicas o de cualquier material adecuado. The claimed assembly method for wind turbine towers applies to towers that comprise at least two sections. Sections can be made in prefabricated concrete, metal or any suitable material.
La invención se refiere a un método y un dispositivo para el montaje de torres eólicas. El método de la invención simplifica y reduce las operaciones de trabajo y el movimiento de las secciones con respecto a los montajes tradicionales. Las secciones son transportadas al emplazamiento de la torre, por ejemplo, sobre una plataforma móvil siendo las secciones transportadas en una posición vertical u horizontal. El procedimiento reivindicado se caracteriza por las siguientes etapas que se desarrollarán en el emplazamiento definitivo de la torre, donde la torre comprende al menos una sección superior y una sección inferior: The invention relates to a method and a device for the assembly of wind towers. The method of the invention simplifies and reduces the work operations and the movement of the sections with respect to traditional assemblies. The sections are transported to the tower site, for example, on a mobile platform, the sections being transported in a vertical or horizontal position. The claimed process is characterized by the following stages that will be developed at the definitive location of the tower, where the tower comprises at least one upper section and one lower section:
- Localización de la sección superior sobre el emplazamiento final de la torre, lo que significa que la sección superior se encuentra sobre, por ejemplo, la base de la torre. - Location of the upper section on the final location of the tower, which means that the upper section is on, for example, the base of the tower.
- Elevación vertical de la sección superior basta al menos una altura tal que la sección inferior es capaz situarse debajo de dicha sección superior.  - Vertical elevation of the upper section is sufficient at least a height such that the lower section is capable of being placed under said upper section.
- Localización de la sección inferior bajo la sección superior en el emplazamiento final de la torre, lo que también significa que la sección inferior se encuentra, por ejemplo, sobre la base de la torre.  - Location of the lower section under the upper section at the final location of the tower, which also means that the lower section is, for example, on the base of the tower.
- Descenso del tramo superior hasta que haga contacto con la sección inferior, y  - Descent of the upper section until it makes contact with the lower section, and
- Realización de la unión de las dos secciones.  - Realization of the union of the two sections.
El método reivindicado podría ser desarrollado para más de dos secciones, siempre siguiendo el patrón de localización en primer lugar de la sección superior, elevación vertical de dicha sección, localización de la sección inferior debajo de la sección superior, realización de su unión y elevación vertical de ambas secciones montadas para permitir la ubicación bajo ambas de una sección inferior a unir y repetición de los pasos anteriores. The claimed method could be developed for more than two sections, always following the pattern of first location of the upper section, vertical elevation of said section, location of the lower section below the upper section, realization of its union and vertical elevation of both mounted sections to allow the placement under both of a lower section to join and repeat the previous steps.
Por lo tanto, el método reivindicado realiza los siguientes movimientos con cada sección, en primer lugar cada sección puede ser desplazada horizontalmente sobre el suelo del parque eólico hasta su emplazamiento final, por ejemplo, montada en una plataforma o vehículo con ruedas y en segundo lugar, cada sección se desplaza verticalmente sobre su ubicación final. En contraste, los métodos de montaje conocidos realizan los siguientes movimientos con cada sección, en primer lugar cada sección se sitúa en la proximidad del emplazamiento final de la torre, en segundo lugar, la sección se eleva verticalmente, en tercer lugar dicha sección elevada se mueve horizontalmente por el giro de la grúa hasta llegar a la posición vertical sobre la ubicación final de la torre y finalmente desciende sobre la sección inferior. Therefore, the claimed method performs the following movements with each section, firstly each section can be moved horizontally on the floor of the wind farm to its final location, for example, mounted on a platform or wheeled vehicle and secondly , each section scrolls vertically over its final location. In contrast, known mounting methods perform the following movements with each section, first each section is located in the vicinity of the final location of the tower, secondly, the section rises vertically, thirdly said elevated section moves horizontally by the rotation of the crane until it reaches the vertical position on the final location of the tower and finally descends on the lower section.
Para llevar a cabo los movimientos mencionados anteriormente de cada sección del método conocido, es obligatorio el uso de una grúa, es más y debido al peso de cada sección, el uso de una grúa de gran capacidad, sobre todo porque debe realizarse un movimiento horizontal con la sección en posición elevada. También implica un proceso que consume más tiempo debido a que tienen que realizarse variedad de diferentes movimientos. Por último, el uso de grúas de gran capacidad y el giro que tiene que ser realizado también requiere una amplia área de montaje en los alrededores del emplazamiento final de la torre. In order to carry out the aforementioned movements of each section of the known method, it is mandatory to use a crane, it is more and due to the weight of each section, the use of a large capacity crane, especially since a horizontal movement must be performed with the section up. It also implies a process that consumes more time because a variety of different movements have to be performed. Finally, the use of large capacity cranes and the turn that has to be performed also requires a large mounting area around the final location of the tower.
También es un objeto de la invención un dispositivo de montaje para el montaje de torres de aerogeneradores donde la torre comprende al menos una sección superior y una sección inferior. El dispositivo comprende: Also an object of the invention is a mounting device for the assembly of wind turbine towers where the tower comprises at least one upper section and one lower section. The device comprises:
- Una base que comprende un límite perimetral y un lado abierto de dicho límite perimetral para permitir la entrada de una sección de la torre en el interior del límite perimetral. - A base comprising a perimeter limit and an open side of said perimeter limit to allow the entry of a section of the tower inside the perimeter limit.
- Una guía vertical acoplada a la base.  - A vertical guide coupled to the base.
- Un elemento de elevación para el alojamiento de una sección de la torre que comprende medios de sujeción para sujetar la sección y que es verticalmente móvil con respecto a la guía vertical.  - A lifting element for housing a section of the tower comprising clamping means to hold the section and which is vertically mobile with respect to the vertical guide.
Como se ha indicado anteriormente para el procedimiento reivindicado, el dispositivo reivindicado permite la realización de los siguientes movimientos en cada sección, en primer lugar cada sección puede ser desplazada horizontalmente a nivel del suelo hasta su emplazamiento final, como la base del dispositivo de montaje tiene un lado abierto permitiendo así que cada sección pueda ser introducida hasta que se encuentra directamente sobre, por ejemplo, la base de la torre. Una vez allí el elemento de elevación sostiene la sección y la sección se eleva verticalmente gracias a la guía vertical. As indicated above for the claimed process, the claimed device allows the following movements to be carried out in each section, firstly each section can be moved horizontally from ground level to its final location, as the base of the mounting device has an open side allowing so each section can be introduced until it is directly on, for example, the base of the tower. Once there, the lifting element holds the section and the section rises vertically thanks to the vertical guide.
5 El dispositivo de montaje reivindicado también proporciona estabilidad a las secciones mientras se está realizando el montaje, principalmente estabilidad contra el viento, en contraste con los métodos de montaje en los que las secciones son elevadas mediante una grúa y se suspenden de un cable. Las secciones no se suspenden sino que se unen a la estructura del conjunto i o proporcionando una mayor estabilidad mecánica frente a las fuerzas del viento.. The claimed mounting device also provides stability to the sections while the assembly is being carried out, mainly wind stability, in contrast to the mounting methods in which the sections are lifted by a crane and suspended from a cable. Sections are not suspended but are attached to the structure of the assembly or providing greater mechanical stability against wind forces.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Para completar la descripción y con el fin de proporcionar una mejor 15 comprensión de la invención, se proporciona un conjunto de dibujos. Dichos dibujos forman una sección integral de la descripción e ilustran ejemplos de realización de la invención. Los dibujos comprenden las siguientes figuras: To complete the description and in order to provide a better understanding of the invention, a set of drawings is provided. Said drawings form an integral section of the description and illustrate embodiments of the invention. The drawings comprise the following figures:
La figura 1 es una vista frontal esquemática de un emplazamiento de 2 0 torre que muestra un primer ejemplo de realización del procedimiento de la invención en el que las secciones alcanzan el dispositivo de montaje en una posición vertical. Figure 1 is a schematic front view of a 2 0 tower location showing a first embodiment of the method of the invention in which the sections reach the mounting device in an upright position.
La Figura 2 es una vista frontal esquemática del emplazamiento de laFigure 2 is a schematic front view of the location of the
25 torre de la figura 1 en el que el elemento de elevación sostiene una primera sección. 25 tower of figure 1 in which the lifting element supports a first section.
La Figura 3 es una vista frontal esquemática del emplazamiento de la torre de la figura 1 en el que el elemento de elevación eleva una primeraFigure 3 is a schematic front view of the location of the tower of Figure 1 in which the lifting element lifts a first
3 0 sección. g 3 0 section. g
La Figura 4 es una vista frontal esquemática del emplazamiento de la torre de la figura 1 en el que una segunda sección se coloca debajo de la primera sección elevada.  Figure 4 is a schematic front view of the location of the tower of Figure 1 in which a second section is placed under the first elevated section.
5 La Figura 5 es una vista frontal esquemática del emplazamiento de la torre de la figura 1 en el que el elemento de elevación sostiene la segunda sección. 5 Figure 5 is a schematic front view of the location of the tower of Figure 1 in which the lifting element supports the second section.
La Figura 6 es una vista frontal esquemática del emplazamiento de la i o torre de la figura 1 en el que el elemento de elevación eleva la primera y la segunda secciones. Figure 6 is a schematic front view of the location of the i or tower of Figure 1 in which the lifting element elevates the first and second sections.
La figura 7 es la vista en planta esquemática de un ejemplo de realización del elemento de elevación. Figure 7 is the schematic plan view of an embodiment example of the lifting element.
15  fifteen
La figura 8 es la vista en planta esquemática de un ejemplo de realización de la base.  Figure 8 is the schematic plan view of an example embodiment of the base.
La Figura 9 es una vista frontal esquemática de un emplazamiento de 2 0 torre que muestra un segundo ejemplo de realización del procedimiento reivindicado por la invención en el que las secciones alcanzan el dispositivo de montaje en una posición horizontal. Figure 9 is a schematic front view of a 2 0 tower location showing a second embodiment of the method claimed by the invention in which the sections reach the mounting device in a horizontal position.
La Figura 10 es una vista frontal esquemática del emplazamiento de laFigure 10 is a schematic front view of the location of the
25 torre de la figura 1 donde el dispositivo de montaje se mueve a lo largo de un camino en el emplazamiento de la torre. 25 tower of figure 1 where the mounting device moves along a path at the location of the tower.
La Figura 1 1 es una vista lateral esquemática del emplazamiento de la torre de la figura 1 en el que el dispositivo de montaje comprende un elementoFigure 1 1 is a schematic side view of the location of the tower of Figure 1 in which the mounting device comprises an element
3 0 de elevación auxiliar. 3 0 auxiliary lift.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN La figura 1 muestra una primera realización en la que las secciones (1 , 2, 3) alcanzan el dispositivo de montaje en una posición vertical. Más específicamente tres secciones (1 , 2, 3) se transportan en las plataformas de ruedas (20), El ejemplo de realización mostrado en la figura 1 del dispositivo de montaje comprende la base (12) que comprende el límite perimetral y el lado abierto (19) como se muestra en la figura 8. El lado abierto (19) está configurado de tal manera que las secciones de la torre (1 , 2, 3) son capaces de entrar en el límite perimetral de la base (12), por lo tanto situarse directamente sobre el emplazamiento final de la torre. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 shows a first embodiment in which the sections (1, 2, 3) reach the mounting device in an upright position. More specifically three sections (1, 2, 3) are transported on the wheel platforms (20). The embodiment shown in Figure 1 of the mounting device comprises the base (12) comprising the perimeter limit and the open side (19) as shown in Figure 8. The open side (19) is configured such that the sections of the tower (1, 2, 3) are capable of entering the perimeter limit of the base (12), therefore be placed directly on the final location of the tower.
El dispositivo de montaje mostrado en la figura 1 comprende también cuatro soportes verticales que configuran su guía vertical (13). El elemento de elevación (1 1 ) es desplazable verticalmente con respecto a la guía vertical (13). Con el fin de permitir que cada sección (1 , 2, 3) se sitúa sobre el emplazamiento final, el elemento de elevación (1 1 ) se encuentra en su posición elevada. The mounting device shown in Figure 1 also comprises four vertical brackets that configure its vertical guide (13). The lifting element (1 1) is vertically movable with respect to the vertical guide (13). In order to allow each section (1, 2, 3) to be placed on the final location, the lifting element (1 1) is in its elevated position.
La base (12) que se muestra en la figura 1 comprende también un segundo lado abierto para permitir la salida de la plataforma (20) que lleva la sección (1 , 2, 3). The base (12) shown in Figure 1 also comprises a second open side to allow the platform (20) to exit the section (1, 2, 3).
La figura 2 muestra la sección inferior (1 ) sostenida por el elemento de elevación (1 1 ) y entre los soportes de la guía vertical (13). Figure 2 shows the lower section (1) held by the lifting element (1 1) and between the supports of the vertical guide (13).
El elemento de elevación (1 1 ) comprende medios para sujetar la sección (1 , 2, 3). Dichos medios de sujeción podrían ser medios de succión, medios de presión o elementos mecánicos que se unen al elemento de elevación (1 1 ) y que son capaces introducirse en un orificio de la sección (1 , 2, 3) o mantener la sección (1 , 2, 3) desde su base inferior. La figura 3 muestra el siguiente paso del método de la realización de la invención en el que la sección superior (1 ) se ha elevado verticalmente mediante el elemento de elevación (1 1 ) a una altura tal que una sección inferior (2) es capaz de sitarse debajo de dicha sección superior (1 ). La sección inferior (2) entra en el límite perimetral de la base (12), por lo tanto está situada directamente sobre el emplazamiento final de la torre y bajo la sección supenor (1 ), ver figura 4. The lifting element (1 1) comprises means for holding the section (1, 2, 3). Said fastening means could be suction means, pressure means or mechanical elements that are attached to the lifting element (1 1) and that are capable of being introduced into a hole in the section (1, 2, 3) or maintaining the section ( 1, 2, 3) from its lower base. Figure 3 shows the next step of the method of the embodiment of the invention in which the upper section (1) has been raised vertically by the lifting element (1 1) to a height such that a lower section (2) is capable of being placed under said upper section (1). Lower section (2) it enters the perimeter limit of the base (12), therefore it is located directly on the final location of the tower and under the suspension section (1), see figure 4.
5 La figura 5 muestra la sección superior (1 ) y la sección inferior (2) unidas. 5 Figure 5 shows the upper section (1) and the lower section (2) joined together.
El elemento de elevación (1 1 ) ha sido desplazado hasta su posición inferior de modo que es capaz de sostener la sección inferior (2), En caso de una torre de tres secciones, el elemento de elevación (1 1 ) elevaa tanto en la sección superior (1 ) como inferior (2) con el fin de permitir que una tercera sección (3) se i o coloque debajo de dichas secciones superior e inferior ( 1 , 2). La tercera sección The lifting element (1 1) has been moved to its lower position so that it is capable of supporting the lower section (2). In the case of a three-section tower, the lifting element (1 1) raises both in the upper section (1) and lower section (2) in order to allow a third section (3) to be placed under said upper and lower sections (1, 2). The third section
(3) entra en el límite perimetral de la base (12), véase la figura 6. (3) enters the perimeter limit of the base (12), see figure 6.
Otros ejemplos de realización son posibles para la aplicación del método reivindicado. La figura 9 muestra una segunda realización en la que lasOther embodiments are possible for the application of the claimed method. Figure 9 shows a second embodiment in which the
15 secciones (1 , 2, 3) alcanzan el dispositivo de montaje en una posición horizontal. Más específicamente tres secciones (1 , 2, 3) se transportan en las plataformas de ruedas (20). El método reivindicado comprende un paso adicional en el que antes de levantar verticalmente la sección superior (1 ), dicha sección superior (1 ) se gira de la posición horizontal a una posición vertical y15 sections (1, 2, 3) reach the mounting device in a horizontal position. More specifically three sections (1, 2, 3) are transported on the wheel platforms (20). The claimed method comprises an additional step in which, before lifting the upper section (1) vertically, said upper section (1) is rotated from the horizontal position to a vertical position and
2 0 después se localiza sobre el emplazamiento fina! de la torre. Más específicamente, el dispositivo mostrado en la figura 9 comprende un elemento de elevación adiciona! (21 ) que comprende medios de sujeción, por ejemplo, un cable (18) que se conecta a! extremo superior de la sección (1 , 2, 3) para elevar la sección (1 , 2, 3) cuando se eleva el elemento de elevación adicional (21 ). Al2 0 then it is located on the fine location! of the tower. More specifically, the device shown in Figure 9 comprises an additional lifting element! (21) comprising clamping means, for example, a cable (18) that connects to! upper end of the section (1, 2, 3) to raise the section (1, 2, 3) when the additional lifting element (21) is raised. To the
25 mismo tiempo, la plataforma con ruedas (20) sigue el movimiento del extremo inferior de la sección (1 , 2, 3). At the same time, the platform with wheels (20) follows the movement of the lower end of the section (1, 2, 3).
La figura 8 muestra una forma de realización de la base (12). La base (12) comprende también motores (15) conectados a los cables conectados alFigure 8 shows an embodiment of the base (12). The base (12) also includes motors (15) connected to the cables connected to the
3 0 elemento de elevación (1 1 ). 3 0 lifting element (1 1).
El dispositivo de montaje es móvil de manera que puede desplazarse de un emplazamiento de la torre a la siguiente. Comprende ruedas (16) que podrían estar debajo de la base (12). El dispositivo de montaje se puede transportar fácilmente cuando el elemento de elevación (1 1 ) está descendido, ya que tiene un centro de gravedad bajo. Además la distancia entre las ruedas puede ser adaptada a la anchura de los caminos (17) en el interior del parque eólico. The mounting device is mobile so that it can move from one location of the tower to the next. It includes wheels (16) that they could be under the base (12). The mounting device can be easily transported when the lifting element (1 1) is lowered, since it has a low center of gravity. In addition, the distance between the wheels can be adapted to the width of the roads (17) inside the wind farm.
El dispositivo de montaje comprende también un elemento auxiliar de elevación (30) unido a la base (12) o la guía vertical (13) y configurado de tal manera que es capaz de tomar elementos del suelo y localizarlos sobre la sección superior (1 ) cuando dicha sección superior (1 ) se encuentra sobre el emplazamiento final de la torre de tal manera que se podría situar una góndola (31 ) sobre la sección superior (1 ) cuando dicha sección superior (1 ) se encuentra sobre el emplazamiento final de la torre y antes de que sea elevada verticalmente. The mounting device also comprises an auxiliary lifting element (30) attached to the base (12) or the vertical guide (13) and configured in such a way that it is capable of taking elements from the ground and locating them on the upper section (1) when said upper section (1) is on the final location of the tower in such a way that a gondola (31) could be placed on the upper section (1) when said upper section (1) is on the final location of the tower and before it is raised vertically.
Otros ejemplos de realización también son posibles para la localización de la góndola (31 ) sobre la sección superior (1 ) cuando dicha sección superior (1 ) se encuentra sobre el emplazamiento final de la torre y antes de que se eleve verticalmente, como hacer uso de una grúa situada en los alrededores del dispositivo de montaje . Other embodiments are also possible for the location of the gondola (31) on the upper section (1) when said upper section (1) is on the final location of the tower and before it rises vertically, how to use of a crane located around the mounting device.
Por lo general, la góndola (31 ) se localiza sobre la sección superior (1 ) de la torre cuando la torre está completamente montada pero de acuerdo con la invención, la góndola (31 ) se localiza sobre la sección superior (1 ) y se eleva después junto con dicha sección superior (1 ) hasta que toda la torre está montada. Este método de montaje de la góndola (31 ) permite localizar la góndola (31 ) a una altura considerablemente más baja en comparación con la altura de la torre completa, que conduce a evitar la necesidad de usar grúas de gran capacidad para localizar la góndola (31 ) en la parte alta de la torre. Aunque las palas se ubican con la torre completamente montada, dichas palas son mucho más ligeras que la góndola (31 ) de forma no sería necesaria una grúa de gran capacidad. Generally, the gondola (31) is located on the upper section (1) of the tower when the tower is fully assembled but according to the invention, the gondola (31) is located on the upper section (1) and is then lift together with said upper section (1) until the entire tower is mounted. This method of mounting the gondola (31) allows the gondola (31) to be located at a considerably lower height compared to the height of the entire tower, which leads to avoiding the need to use large capacity cranes to locate the gondola ( 31) at the top of the tower. Although the blades are located with the tower completely assembled, these blades are much lighter than the gondola (31) so a large capacity crane would not be necessary.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . - Método de montaje para torres de aerogenerador, donde ía torre comprende a! menos dos secciones (1 , 2, 3), caracterizado porque comprende las siguientes etapas que se desarrollan en el emplazamiento final de la torre: 1 . - Assembly method for wind turbine towers, where the tower comprises a! least two sections (1, 2, 3), characterized in that it includes the following stages that are developed in the final location of the tower:
- Localización de la sección superior (1 ) sobre la ubicación final de la torre.- Location of the upper section (1) above the final location of the tower.
- Elevación vertical de la sección superior (1 ) a al menos una altura ta! que !a sección inferior (2) es capaz de ser situada bajo dicha sección superior (1 ). - Vertical elevation of the upper section (1) to at least a height ta! that the lower section (2) is capable of being placed under said upper section (1).
- Localización de la sección inferior (2) bajo la sección superior (1 ) en el emplazamiento final de la torre. - Location of the lower section (2) under the upper section (1) in the final location of the tower.
- Descenso de la sección superior (1 ) hasta que haga contacto con la sección inferior (2), y - Lowering the upper section (1) until it makes contact with the lower section (2), and
- Realización de la unión de las dos secciones (1 , 2). - Carrying out the union of the two sections (1, 2).
2. - Método de montaje según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque después de la localización de la primera sección (1 ) sobre la ubicación final de la torre, dicha primera sección (1 ) se conecta a un elemento de elevación (1 1 ). 2. - Assembly method according to claim 1 characterized in that after locating the first section (1) on the final location of the tower, said first section (1) is connected to a lifting element (1 1).
3. - Método de montaje según la reivindicación 2 caracterizado porque después de descender la sección supenor (1 ) hasta que es capaz hacer contacto con la sección inferior (2), el elemento de elevación (1 1 ) desciende hasta la sección inferior (2), 3. - Assembly method according to claim 2 characterized in that after lowering the upper section (1) until it is able to make contact with the lower section (2), the lifting element (1 1) descends to the lower section (2). ),
4. - Método de montaje según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque la sección inferior (2) y superior (1 ) se elevan verticalmente hasta a! menos una altura tal que una tercera sección (3) puede situarse debajo de la sección inferior (2) . 4. - Assembly method according to any one of the previous claims characterized in that the lower section (2) and upper section (1) rise vertically up to a! minus a height such that a third section (3) can be located below the lower section (2).
5. - Método de montaje según la reivindicación 4 caracterizado porque comprende además las siguientes etapas,: - Localización de una tercera sección (3) sobre la ubicación final de la torre y bajo ¡a sección inferior (2), 5. - Assembly method according to claim 4 characterized in that it also comprises the following stages: - Location of a third section (3) above the final location of the tower and under the lower section (2),
- Descenso de las secciones superior e inferior (1 , 2) hasta que puedan hacer contacto con la tercera sección (3), - Lowering the upper and lower sections (1, 2) until they can make contact with the third section (3),
- Realización de la unión de la sección inferior (2) y la tercera sección (3). - Carrying out the union of the lower section (2) and the third section (3).
6,. Método de montaje según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque comprende además el siguiente paso antes de elevar verticalmente la sección superior (1 ): 6,. Assembly method according to claim 1 characterized in that it also comprises the following step before vertically raising the upper section (1):
- Giro de la sección (1 , 2, 3) desde una posición horizontal a una posición vertical. - Rotation of the section (1, 2, 3) from a horizontal position to a vertical position.
7. - Método de montaje según las reivindicaciones 2 y 6 caracterizado porque para girar la sección (1 , 2, 3) desde la posición horizontal a la posición vertical, ¡a sección (1 , 2, 3) se conecta a un segundo elemento de elevación (21 ). 7. - Assembly method according to claims 2 and 6 characterized in that to rotate the section (1, 2, 3) from the horizontal position to the vertical position, the section (1, 2, 3) is connected to a second element elevation (21).
8. - Método de montaje según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque se sitúa una góndola (31 ) sobre la sección superior (1 ) cuando dicha sección superior (1 ) se encuentra sobre la ubicación final de la torre y antes de ser elevada verticalmente. 8. - Assembly method according to any one of the previous claims characterized in that a gondola (31) is placed on the upper section (1) when said upper section (1) is above the final location of the tower and before being elevated. vertically.
9. - Dispositivo de montaje para torres de aerogeneradores, que comprende: 9. - Assembly device for wind turbine towers, which includes:
- Una base (12) que comprende un límite perimetral y al menos un lado abierto (19) de dicho límite perimetral para permitir la entrada de una sección de la torre (1 , 2, 3) en el interior del límite perimetral. - A base (12) that comprises a perimeter limit and at least one open side (19) of said perimeter limit to allow the entry of a section of the tower (1, 2, 3) inside the perimeter limit.
- Una guía vertical (13) acoplada a la base (12). - A vertical guide (13) attached to the base (12).
- Un elemento de elevación (1 1 ) para el alojamiento de una sección (1 , 2, 3) de la turbina eólica que comprende medios de sujeción para sujetar la sección (1 , 2, 3) y desplazable verticalmente con respecto a la guía vertical (13). - A lifting element (1 1) for housing a section (1, 2, 3) of the wind turbine that comprises fastening means to hold the section (1, 2, 3) and movable vertically with respect to the guide vertical (13).
10, - Dispositivo de montaje según la reivindicación 9 caracterizado porque es desplazable. 10 - Assembly device according to claim 9 characterized in that it is movable.
1 1 . - Dispositivo de montaje según la reivindicación 10 caracterizado porque comprende ruedas (16). eleven . - Assembly device according to claim 10 characterized in that it comprises wheels (16).
12, - Dispositivo de montaje según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 1 1 caracterizado porque e! elemento de elevación (1 1 ) comprende un orificio central (14) configurado de tal manera que es capaz de contener una sección transversal de una sección (1 , 2, 3). 12 - Assembly device according to any one of claims 9 to 1 1 characterized in that e! lifting element (1 1) comprises a central hole (14) configured in such a way that it is capable of containing a cross section of a section (1, 2, 3).
13, - Dispositivo de montaje según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 12 caracterizado porque la base (12) comprende un segundo lado abierto para permitir la salida de una plataforma (20) que lleva la sección (1 , 2, 3). 13 - Assembly device according to any one of claims 9 to 12 characterized in that the base (12) comprises a second open side to allow the exit of a platform (20) that carries the section (1, 2, 3).
14. - Dispositivo de montaje según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 13 caracterizado porque comprende un segundo elemento de elevación (21 ) que comprende medios de sujeción para la elevación de la sección (1 , 2, 3) desde una posición horizontal a una posición vertical. 14. - Assembly device according to any one of claims 9 to 13 characterized in that it comprises a second lifting element (21) that comprises fastening means for lifting the section (1, 2, 3) from a horizontal position to a vertical position.
15. - Dispositivo de montaje según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 14 caracterizado porque comprende un elemento de elevación auxiliar (30) unido a la base (12) o la guía vertical (13) configurado de tal manera que es capaz de tomar elementos del suelo y localizarlos sobre la sección superior (1 ) cuando dicha sección superior (1 ) se encuentra sobre la ubicación final de la torre, 15. - Assembly device according to any one of claims 9 to 14 characterized in that it comprises an auxiliary lifting element (30) attached to the base (12) or the vertical guide (13) configured in such a way that it is capable of taking elements of the ground and locate them on the upper section (1) when said upper section (1) is above the final location of the tower,
PCT/ES2013/070479 2013-07-05 2013-07-05 Assembly method and device for wind turbine towers WO2015001148A1 (en)

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US20090087311A1 (en) * 2007-09-29 2009-04-02 Gavin Raymond Wyborn Vertically Adjustable Horizontal Axis Type Wind Turbine And Method Of Construction Thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007105260A1 (en) * 2006-03-02 2007-09-20 Shoichi Tanaka Wind-driven power generator and construction method for the same
US20090087311A1 (en) * 2007-09-29 2009-04-02 Gavin Raymond Wyborn Vertically Adjustable Horizontal Axis Type Wind Turbine And Method Of Construction Thereof
WO2011081599A1 (en) * 2009-12-29 2011-07-07 Vertical Wind Ab A method for the construction of a wind-power unit and a device for carrying out the method
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