WO2014194812A1 - High-temperature high-pressure biomass syngas cooling and purification process and device - Google Patents

High-temperature high-pressure biomass syngas cooling and purification process and device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014194812A1
WO2014194812A1 PCT/CN2014/079101 CN2014079101W WO2014194812A1 WO 2014194812 A1 WO2014194812 A1 WO 2014194812A1 CN 2014079101 W CN2014079101 W CN 2014079101W WO 2014194812 A1 WO2014194812 A1 WO 2014194812A1
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synthesis gas
pressure
biomass synthesis
temperature
waste heat
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PCT/CN2014/079101
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张岩丰
聂洪涛
夏明贵
刘文焱
张亮
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武汉凯迪工程技术研究总院有限公司
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Publication of WO2014194812A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014194812A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/028—Dust removal by electrostatic precipitation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a synthesis gas purification technology, in particular to a high temperature and high pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling purification process and a device thereof. Background technique
  • biomass gas Like coal-based gas, biomass gas also undergoes purification processes such as cooling and dust removal.
  • purification processes such as cooling and dust removal.
  • the traditional gas primary cooling method is divided into indirect primary cooling, direct primary cooling, and combined primary cooling.
  • Initial cooling mainly refers to the gas coming out of the carbonization chamber and cooling it to 22 ⁇ 35 °C before entering the electric tar catcher.
  • indirect primary cooling the gas and the cooling medium are not in direct contact, and the two phases only indirectly transfer heat, and the mass transfer process is not carried out, and the cooling and purifying effect of the gas is good.
  • the gas is directly in contact with the sprayed ammonia during direct initial cooling for mass transfer and heat transfer.
  • direct primary cooling has the characteristics of high gas cooling efficiency, low resistance, low equipment cost, and high power consumption.
  • the combined initial cooling is a process in which the gas is first indirectly cooled and then directly cooled, and its characteristics are to exert the advantages of both.
  • there are many methods for dust removal from gas including sedimentation, filtration, cyclone dust removal, electric dust removal, water washing or venturi dust removal. Different methods of dust removal and resistance consumption are also different.
  • Gas tar removal equipment is mainly an electric tar catcher.
  • the temperature of the crude gas coming out of the carbonization chamber is about 650 °C, and the temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the biomass gasifier is higher than the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the carbonization chamber. If the biomass gas outlet is neglected, the smoke temperature is higher than that of the coal gas. The specific situation of the high temperature of the export smoke, the photo-cooling of the set of gas The art method obviously cannot achieve the cooling effect and purification index of the biomass synthesis gas.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high temperature and high pressure biomass syngas cooling and purification process and a device thereof, which have good cooling effect on syngas, high sensible heat recovery rate, and can effectively reduce biomass syngas. Dust and tar content.
  • a high temperature and high pressure biomass syngas cooling and purifying process comprising the following steps:
  • Staged cooling First, the first indirect heat exchange is carried out by using process water, and the high temperature and high pressure biomass synthesis gas output from the gasifier is cooled to 350 to 550 ° C, and the intermediate pressure steam generated by the waste heat recovery is externally supplied; The second indirect heat exchange is carried out by using the process water, and the biomass synthesis gas is continuously cooled to 100 to 300 ° C, and the low pressure steam generated by the waste heat recovery is externally supplied;
  • the generated medium pressure steam is returned to the gasification furnace as a gasifying agent for the biomass fuel.
  • the steam generated by the waste heat recovery is used as a gasifying agent to supply pressure to the purification equipment, that is, the equipment is operated under a positive pressure state, preventing external air from leaking into the cooling and purifying equipment, thereby reducing the possibility of gas explosion, and Significantly reduced the overall energy consumption of the section.
  • the generated low-pressure steam is applied to the step 4) to purify the dust and the tar in the biomass synthesis gas as a wet gas stream.
  • the steam generated by the waste heat recovery is reused for the purification system, further reducing the energy consumption of the purification section.
  • the biomass synthesis gas first performs the first indirect heat exchange, the middle performs the dry dust removal process, and then the second indirect heat exchange.
  • a preliminary dust removal step is provided between the first stage cooling and the second stage cooling, which saves a lot of washing water and water treatment energy in the subsequent wet dust removal step, and also saves the sewage treatment equipment.
  • the first stage indirect heat exchange is cooled from the biomass synthesis gas to 400 to 500 ° C; in the second indirect heat exchange, the biomass synthesis gas is cooled to 150 to 250 °C.
  • the initial temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas outputted from the gasifier is controlled to be 700 to 1500 ° C, the dust content is ⁇ 20 ⁇ /?1 ⁇ 21 3 , and the tar content is ⁇ 3 ⁇ /? 1 ⁇ 21 3 .
  • the high-temperature biomass syngas is cooled by the built-in water-cooled wall in the upper part of the gasifier, and the temperature is lowered to about 700 ⁇ 1500 °C.
  • the condensed slag is discharged from the bottom of the furnace to avoid slag pollution on the heating surface of the subsequent waste heat boiler to ensure waste heat.
  • the heat transfer performance of the boiler is stable.
  • the generated medium pressure steam pressure is 1.6 to 2.0 MPa
  • the generated low pressure steam pressure is 0.5 to 0.8 MPa.
  • High-temperature and high-pressure biomass syngas cooling and purification equipment designed to achieve the above processes, including a shell-and-tube waste heat boiler for cooling biomass synthesis gas, a vertical flue gas waste heat boiler, and a venturi for purifying biomass syngas a washing tower and a wet electrostatic precipitator, wherein an inlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler is connected to a synthesis gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace, and an outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler and a vertical heat exchanger of the vertical smoke tube a gas port is connected, an air outlet of the vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler is connected to an air inlet of a venturi scrubber, and an air outlet of the venturi scrubber is connected to an input end of the wet electrostatic precipitator, the wet electric dust removal
  • the output of the device is connected to the air inlet of the air tank.
  • the steam outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler is connected to the gasification agent inlet of the biomass gasifier through an intermediate pressure steam delivery pipe.
  • the steam outlet of the vertical flue waste heat boiler is connected to the wet air inlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator through a low pressure steam delivery pipe.
  • a dry gas filter is disposed between the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler and the vertical pipe waste heat boiler, and the air inlet of the lower end of the dry gas filter is connected to the air outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler
  • the air outlet of the top of the dry gas filter is connected to the air inlet of the vertical heat pipe boiler, and the dust outlet of the bottom end of the dry gas filter is connected with the feed port of the warehouse pump.
  • the discharge port is connected to the ash store.
  • the dry gas filter is installed as a preliminary dust removal filter between the two-stage waste heat boilers. After initial dust removal, it saves a lot of washing water and water treatment energy consumption, and also saves water treatment equipment; the filtered dust is collected by the warehouse pump.
  • the output of the wet electrostatic precipitator is also connected to the air inlet of the exhaust gas incinerator.
  • the exhaust gas incineration boiler fully utilizes the heat energy after combustion of the exhaust gas generated by the gasification and synthesis sections to improve the thermal efficiency of the device; the gas storage tank parallel exhaust gas incinerator burns the exhaust gas and generates low pressure steam to be externally supplied.
  • the invention combines the high-temperature gasification process of biomass and the physical and chemical properties of the synthesis gas, and has done a lot of experimental research on its cooling and purifying method. Compared with the prior art, the advantages are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
  • the cooling and purifying process of the present invention is cooled in two stages, and the first stage cooling temperature is 350 to 550 ° C, and the temperature is controlled above the condensation point of the heavy tar to avoid condensation of the tar therein, and the second stage cooling temperature Up to 100 ⁇ 300 °C, so that the heavy tar is coagulated and collected in this section, thus achieving centralized collection and treatment of heavy tar, and performing step-by-step dust removal and decoking depth treatment, and finally making dust in the treated biomass synthesis gas.
  • the content is ⁇ 10mg/Nm 3
  • the tar content is ⁇ lOmg/Nm 3
  • the temperature is ⁇ 55°C
  • the sensible heat recovery rate is greater than 80%.
  • the invention inputs the steam generated by the waste heat boiler into the biomass gasification furnace, and serves as a gasifying agent to provide pressure for the purification equipment.
  • the pressure head of the outlet of the biomass gasification furnace can be overcome to overcome the cooling and purifying equipment.
  • the positive pressure of 0.1 ⁇ lMPa (G) can be guaranteed, which ensures that the equipment is working under positive pressure, preventing external air from leaking into the cooling and purifying equipment, reducing the possibility of gas explosion.
  • the air blower of the gas chemical section and the air compressor of the synthetic section are omitted, which greatly reduces the overall energy consumption of the gasification and synthetic oil section, and solves the complicated system, long process, high energy consumption and low efficiency in the traditional gas purification process. , stability and economics are not good, and the problem is not targeted.
  • the device of the invention adopts a two-stage tube-and-tube waste heat boiler and a vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler, double pressure waste heat recovery, and sectional cooling, thereby realizing centralized collection and processing of heavy tar, and reusing the residual heat step to improve the equipment.
  • Thermal efficiency At the same time, the use of non-filled venturi scrubber scrubbing dedusting, wet electrostatic precipitator decoking and dust removal after the high pressure process, the realization of biomass syngas dedusting, deodorization purification target.
  • the device of the invention is adapted to the biomass gasification furnace without the outer cylinder, and solves the technical problem that the structure of the gasification furnace is complicated when the outer cylinder is water-cooled, the size of the furnace body is large, the wall surface is easy to hang the slag, and the water side is easy to scale. While improving the gasification stability, the cost of the gasification main equipment is also saved; in addition, the purification device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, smooth process, low energy consumption, high efficiency, good safety and stability, and high economic benefit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high temperature and high pressure biomass syngas cooling and purifying apparatus. detailed description
  • the high temperature and high pressure biomass syngas cooling purification apparatus shown in Fig. 1 comprises a shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 for cooling biomass synthesis gas, a vertical flue gas waste heat boiler 4, and a venturi for purifying biomass syngas.
  • the washing tower 5 and the wet electrostatic precipitator 6, the tube-type waste heat boiler 2 and the vertical flue gas waste heat boiler 4 are provided with a dry gas filter 3, the inlet 8 of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 and the biomass
  • the syngas outlet 7 of the gasification furnace 1 is connected, the gas outlet 10 of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 is connected to the inlet 18 of the lower end of the dry gas filter 3, and the steam outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 is conveyed by medium pressure steam.
  • the tube 9 is connected to the gasification agent inlet of the biomass gasification furnace 1, and the gas outlet 19 at the top end of the dry gas filter 3 is connected to the inlet port 11 of the vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler 4, and the bottom end of the dry gas filter 3
  • the dust outlet 20 is connected to the feed port of the silo pump 21, the discharge port 22 of the silo pump 21 is connected to the ash silo 23, and the air outlet 12 of the vertical flue gas waste heat boiler 4 is connected to the air inlet 13 of the venturi scrubber 5 , steam of the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4
  • the outlet is connected to the wet gas inlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 via a low pressure steam delivery pipe 27, and the gas outlet 14 of the venturi scrubber 5 is connected to the input 15 of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6, the output 16 of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6
  • the air inlets 26 of the air reservoirs 17 are connected, and the output 16 of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 is also connected to the air inlet 25 of the exhaust gas
  • the gas storage tank 17 is a high-pressure spherical gas storage tank; the dry gas filter 3 is a ceramic dry filter, and the ceramic dry filter can ensure that the dust removal efficiency reaches 99.9% or more in the range of 350 to 550 °C.
  • the subsequent configuration of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 ensures that the control indicators for dust removal and tar removal are finally achieved.
  • the process of the above equipment is as follows:
  • the temperature from the biomass synthesis gas outlet 7 of the biomass gasification furnace 1 is 700 to 1500 ° C, the dust content is ⁇ 20 ⁇ /?1 ⁇ 2 3 , and the tar content is ⁇ 3 ⁇ /?1 ⁇ 2 3
  • the biomass synthesis gas first enters the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 from the inlet 8 of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2, and uses the process water for the first indirect heat exchange cooling, and the shell-and-shell waste heat boiler 2 recovers the medium temperature waste heat from the tube.
  • the biomass synthesis gas from the gas outlet 10 of the shell type waste heat boiler 2 is preferably cooled to 350 to 550 ° C, more preferably to 400 to 500 ° C, and medium pressure steam is generated in the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2, and the shell-and-shell type waste heat is generated.
  • the design pressure of the boiler 2 is ⁇ 1.6 MPa, preferably 1.6-2.0 MPa.
  • the medium-pressure steam is discharged from the steam outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2, and then returned to the biomass gasification furnace 1 through the medium-pressure steam delivery pipe 9 as a raw material.
  • the gasification agent of the material fuel, the size of the steam pressure can be adjusted by installing a pressure regulating valve on the steam delivery pipe; then the biomass synthesis gas is sent from the inlet 18 of the lower end of the dry gas filter 3 to the dry gas.
  • Filter 3 performs preliminary dust removal, after The highly efficient dust-removed biomass syngas exits the gas outlet 19 at the top of the dry gas filter 3;
  • the biomass synthesis gas from the gas outlet 12 of the waste heat boiler 4 is preferably cooled to 100 to 300 ° C, more preferably to 150 to 250 ° C, and the low pressure steam generated in the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4 is supplied to the subsequent wet type electrostatic precipitator.
  • the design pressure of the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4 is ⁇ 0.5MPa, preferably 0.5 ⁇ 0.8MPa.
  • the low pressure steam exits from the steam outlet of the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4 and passes through the low pressure steam transmission pipe.
  • the biomass synthesis gas is sent from the inlet 13 of the lower end of the venturi scrubber 5 to the unfilled venturi scrubber 5 for washing and dust removal, and In one step of cooling, most of the dust, tar drops and water-soluble gas in the biomass synthesis gas are removed into the washing liquid.
  • the washing liquid is washing water, and circulating water or industrial water can be used.
  • the gas outlet 14 from the upper end of the venturi scrubber 5 The temperature of the biomass synthesis gas is reduced to 25 ⁇ 65 °C. Finally, the biomass synthesis gas is sent from the inlet 15 of the lower end of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 to the wet electrostatic precipitator 6, and the waste heat of the vertical pipe is utilized.
  • the low-pressure steam generated in the boiler 4 is subjected to deep dust removal and decoking treatment, thereby purging and removing a small amount of dust and tar mist remaining in the biomass synthesis gas, and reducing the pressure of the biomass synthesis gas to 0.1 to 1 Mpa, and purifying by the above cooling.
  • the dust content of the biomass syngas from the gas outlet 16 at the top of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 is ⁇ 10 mg/Nm3, the tar content is ⁇ 10 mg/Nm3, the temperature is ⁇ 55 °C, and the sensible heat recovery rate is greater than 80%.
  • the biomass synthesis gas is sent to the gas storage tank 17 for storage or output from the gas outlet port 28 of the gas storage tank for use in the downstream section, and in parallel with the gas storage tank 17, is an exhaust gas incineration boiler 24, which is in system startup, biomass bonding When the gas-forming components exceed the standard, it is an important equipment for burning the exhaust gas.
  • the dust filtered by the dry filter 3 enters the silo pump 21 through the dust outlet 20 at the bottom end of the dry filter 3, and the dust collected by the silo pump 21 is pneumatically transported to the ash silo 23 for storage through the discharge port 22 of the silo pump 21. And use it reasonably.
  • the invention inputs the medium pressure steam generated by the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 into the biomass gasification furnace 1 as a gasifying agent to supply pressure to the purification system, saves the gas blower, and ensures the biomass gasification furnace by adjusting the pressure of the steam.
  • the pressure head of the outlet 1 overcomes the resistance of the cooling and purifying system and reaches the inlet 26 of the gas storage tank 17, the positive pressure of 0.1 ⁇ lMPa (G) can be ensured, that is, the biomass gasification furnace 1, the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 is guaranteed.
  • Venturi scrubber 5 wet scrubber 6, and gas storage tank 17 are operated under positive pressure to prevent external air from leaking into the above purification equipment, reducing the possibility of gas explosion, and saving
  • the air compressor that pressurizes the biomass gas in the subsequent synthetic oil section is eliminated, which greatly reduces the overall energy consumption of the gasification and synthetic oil section.
  • the above is the main process flow and related equipment for high temperature and high pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification. It can add some standard and non-standard equipment to auxiliary systems such as two-stage waste heat boiler feed water, Venturi scrubbing tower circulating water, wet electrostatic precipitator flushing water. They form their own subsystems through pipes and valves to service related equipment, thus completing the cooling and purification process of biomass synthesis gas.

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Abstract

A high-temperature high-pressure biomass syngas cooling and purification process comprises: 1) subsection cooling; 2) collecting and eliminating empyreumatic oil; 3) washing and purification; and 4) wet-type electrostatic precipitation processing. Also provided is a high-temperature high-pressure biomass syngas cooling and purification device, mainly comprising a shell-and-tube heat recovery boiler (2), a dry-gas filter (3), a vertical smoke-tube heat recovery boiler (4), a venture washing tower (5), and a wet-type electrostatic precipitator (6). The device of the present invention is simple, safe and stable; has low power consumption and high efficiency, and achieves good economic benefits.

Description

髙温髙压生物质合成气冷却净化工艺及其设备  髙temperature and pressure biomass syngas cooling and purification process and equipment thereof
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及合成气净化技术， 具体地指一种高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化工艺及 其设备。 背景技术  The invention relates to a synthesis gas purification technology, in particular to a high temperature and high pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling purification process and a device thereof. Background technique
在能源利用领域， 石油、 煤、 天然气等几种最普遍使用的不可再生资源因大量开采 而导致储量急剧下降， 已构成危害人类生存和发展的三大危机之一。 而在我国农村， 每 年有大量的麦草、 稻草、 谷壳、 玉米秸、 棉花杆、 油菜杆、 花生壳等秸秆被弃置或焚烧， 严重污染了环境。 因此， 利用这些生物质供能的生物质气化技术应运而生， 生物质可再 生清洁能源的开发利用日益受到关注， 并处于快速发展之中， 生物质制气、 制油是新能 源开发领域的重要研究课题。  In the field of energy utilization, the most widespread use of non-renewable resources such as petroleum, coal and natural gas has led to a sharp decline in reserves, which has constituted one of the three major dangers to human survival and development. In rural areas of China, a large amount of straw such as wheat straw, straw, chaff, corn stover, cotton rod, canola pole, and peanut shell is discarded or incinerated every year, which seriously pollutes the environment. Therefore, biomass gasification technology using these biomass-powered technologies has emerged as the times require. The development and utilization of biomass renewable and clean energy has received increasing attention and is in rapid development. Biomass gas production and oil production are new energy development fields. Important research topics.
同煤制气一样， 生物质制气也需经历冷却、 除尘等净化过程。 目前， 有关生物质气 化制备合成气的方法研究成果很多，但关于生物质合成气如何冷却和净化的研究却较少， 多是沿用传统煤气冷却和洗涤的老办法。传统的煤气初冷方式分为间接初冷、直接初冷、 以及组合初冷三种， 初冷主要是指煤气从炭化室出来在进入电捕焦油器之前将其冷却到 22〜35 °C。 间接初冷时煤气与冷却介质不直接接触， 两相只间接传热， 不进行传质过程， 煤气的冷却、 净化效果较好。 直接初冷时煤气与喷洒氨水直接接触， 进行传质和传热过 程。 与间接初冷相比， 直接初冷具有煤气冷却效率高、 阻力小、 设备造价低、 动力消耗 大的特点。 组合初冷是煤气先经过间接冷却再经过直接冷却的工艺方法， 其特点是发挥 了两者的长处。 此外， 煤气除尘的方法也有很多， 包括沉降、 过滤、 旋风除尘、 电除尘、 水洗或文丘里除尘等， 不同的方式除尘效果和阻力消耗差别也较大。 煤气除焦油的设备 则主要是电捕焦油器。  Like coal-based gas, biomass gas also undergoes purification processes such as cooling and dust removal. At present, there are many research results on the method of biomass gasification to syngas, but there are few studies on how to cool and purify biomass syngas. Most of them are the old methods of cooling and washing traditional gas. The traditional gas primary cooling method is divided into indirect primary cooling, direct primary cooling, and combined primary cooling. Initial cooling mainly refers to the gas coming out of the carbonization chamber and cooling it to 22~35 °C before entering the electric tar catcher. When indirect primary cooling, the gas and the cooling medium are not in direct contact, and the two phases only indirectly transfer heat, and the mass transfer process is not carried out, and the cooling and purifying effect of the gas is good. The gas is directly in contact with the sprayed ammonia during direct initial cooling for mass transfer and heat transfer. Compared with indirect primary cooling, direct primary cooling has the characteristics of high gas cooling efficiency, low resistance, low equipment cost, and high power consumption. The combined initial cooling is a process in which the gas is first indirectly cooled and then directly cooled, and its characteristics are to exert the advantages of both. In addition, there are many methods for dust removal from gas, including sedimentation, filtration, cyclone dust removal, electric dust removal, water washing or venturi dust removal. Different methods of dust removal and resistance consumption are also different. Gas tar removal equipment is mainly an electric tar catcher.
由于不同的原料及气化工艺所产生的合成气特性不尽相同， 因此要达到先进的净化 指标和经济指标， 应采用有针对性的工艺方法和***配置。 从炭化室出来的粗煤气温度 约在 650°C左右， 而生物质气化炉出口处合成气的温度高于炭化室出口处的煤气温度， 如果忽视生物质制气出口烟温比煤制气出口烟温高的具体情况， 照搬照套煤气初冷的工 艺方法， 显然不能达到生物质合成气的冷却效果和净化指标。 而且， 如果简单模拟传统 煤制气的净化方法， 还存在***复杂、 流程长、 能耗高、 效率低、 稳定性和经济性差的 缺陷。因此，提供一种针对生物质气化炉合成气的冷却净化工艺和设备便显得极为必要。 发明内容 Since the characteristics of syngas produced by different raw materials and gasification processes are not the same, in order to achieve advanced purification indicators and economic indicators, targeted process methods and system configurations should be adopted. The temperature of the crude gas coming out of the carbonization chamber is about 650 °C, and the temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the biomass gasifier is higher than the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the carbonization chamber. If the biomass gas outlet is neglected, the smoke temperature is higher than that of the coal gas. The specific situation of the high temperature of the export smoke, the photo-cooling of the set of gas The art method obviously cannot achieve the cooling effect and purification index of the biomass synthesis gas. Moreover, if the traditional coal gas purification method is simply simulated, there are defects such as complicated system, long process, high energy consumption, low efficiency, stability and economy. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to provide a cooling purification process and equipment for the synthesis gas of a biomass gasifier. Summary of the invention
本发明的目的就是要提供一种高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化工艺及其设备， 采用 该工艺和设备对合成气的冷却效果好、 显热回收率高、 且能有效降低生物质合成气中的 粉尘和焦油含量。  The object of the present invention is to provide a high temperature and high pressure biomass syngas cooling and purification process and a device thereof, which have good cooling effect on syngas, high sensible heat recovery rate, and can effectively reduce biomass syngas. Dust and tar content.
为实现上述目的， 本发明采用的技术方案是： 一种高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化 工艺， 包括如下步骤：  In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A high temperature and high pressure biomass syngas cooling and purifying process, comprising the following steps:
1 )分段冷却： 首先采用工艺水进行第一段间接换热， 将从气化炉输出的高温高压生 物质合成气冷却至 350〜550°C， 余热回收产生的中压蒸汽对外提供； 然后采用工艺水进 行第二段间接换热， 继续将生物质合成气冷却至 100〜300°C， 余热回收产生的低压蒸汽 对外提供；  1) Staged cooling: First, the first indirect heat exchange is carried out by using process water, and the high temperature and high pressure biomass synthesis gas output from the gasifier is cooled to 350 to 550 ° C, and the intermediate pressure steam generated by the waste heat recovery is externally supplied; The second indirect heat exchange is carried out by using the process water, and the biomass synthesis gas is continuously cooled to 100 to 300 ° C, and the low pressure steam generated by the waste heat recovery is externally supplied;
2)焦油收集：将生物质合成气在第二段间接换热过程中冷却析出的部分重质焦油收 集除去；  2) tar collection: collecting and removing part of the heavy tar cooled and precipitated in the second indirect heat exchange process of the biomass synthesis gas;
3 )洗涤净化： 采用洗涤液初步除尘降温， 将生物质合成气中绝大部分的粉尘、焦油 滴、 水溶性气体洗涤除去， 洗涤后的生物质合成气温度降低至 25〜65°C ;  3) Washing and purifying: pre-dusting and cooling with washing liquid, washing and removing most of the dust, tar dripping and water-soluble gas in the biomass syngas, and the temperature of the washed biomass syngas is lowered to 25~65 °C;
4)湿式除尘： 采用湿气流深度除尘除焦， 将对生物质合成气中残存少量的粉尘、焦 油雾吹扫除去， 并使其压力降至 0.1〜lMpa，从而获得粉尘和焦油含量均小于 10mg/Nm3 的生物质合成气。 4) Wet dust removal: Deep dedusting and decoking with wet airflow, purging a small amount of dust and tar remaining in the biomass synthesis gas, and reducing the pressure to 0.1~1Mpa, so that the dust and tar content are less than 10mg. /Nm 3 biomass synthesis gas.
进一步地， 所述步骤 1 ) 中， 所产生的中压蒸汽返回输送到气化炉中， 作为生物质 燃料的气化剂。 将余热回收产生的蒸汽输入气化炉中作为气化剂为净化设备提供压力， 即保证了设备处于正压状态下工作， 防止外部空气漏入冷却净化设备， 减少了燃气*** 的可能性， 又大幅降低了工段总体能耗。  Further, in the step 1), the generated medium pressure steam is returned to the gasification furnace as a gasifying agent for the biomass fuel. The steam generated by the waste heat recovery is used as a gasifying agent to supply pressure to the purification equipment, that is, the equipment is operated under a positive pressure state, preventing external air from leaking into the cooling and purifying equipment, thereby reducing the possibility of gas explosion, and Significantly reduced the overall energy consumption of the section.
进一步地， 所述步骤 1 ) 中， 所产生的低压蒸汽应用到步骤 4) 中， 作为湿气流吹扫 生物质合成气中的粉尘、 焦油雾。 将余热回收产生的蒸汽回用于净化***， 进一步降低 了净化工段的能耗。 进一步地， 所述步骤 1 ) 中， 生物质合成气先进行第一段间接换热， 中间进行干式 除尘处理， 再进行第二段间接换热。 在第一段冷却与第二段冷却之间设置干式除尘步骤 初步除尘， 节省了后续湿式除尘步骤中大量的冲洗水及水处理能耗， 也省掉了污水处理 设备。 Further, in the step 1), the generated low-pressure steam is applied to the step 4) to purify the dust and the tar in the biomass synthesis gas as a wet gas stream. The steam generated by the waste heat recovery is reused for the purification system, further reducing the energy consumption of the purification section. Further, in the step 1), the biomass synthesis gas first performs the first indirect heat exchange, the middle performs the dry dust removal process, and then the second indirect heat exchange. A preliminary dust removal step is provided between the first stage cooling and the second stage cooling, which saves a lot of washing water and water treatment energy in the subsequent wet dust removal step, and also saves the sewage treatment equipment.
进一步地， 所述步骤 1 ) 中， 第一段间接换热时， 将从生物质合成气冷却至 400〜 500 °C ; 第二段间接换热时， 将生物质合成气冷却至 150〜250°C。  Further, in the step 1), the first stage indirect heat exchange is cooled from the biomass synthesis gas to 400 to 500 ° C; in the second indirect heat exchange, the biomass synthesis gas is cooled to 150 to 250 °C.
进一步地， 所述步骤 1 ) 中， 控制从气化炉输出的高温高压生物质合成气的初始温 度为 700〜1500°C， 粉尘含量<20§/?½13， 焦油含量<3§/?½13。高温生物质合成气在气化 炉上部被内置水冷壁冷却， 温度降至约 700〜1500°C， 凝出的熔渣， 从炉底排出， 避免 后续余热锅炉受热面的结渣污染， 保证余热锅炉的换热性能稳定。 Further, in the step 1), the initial temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas outputted from the gasifier is controlled to be 700 to 1500 ° C, the dust content is <20 § /?1⁄21 3 , and the tar content is <3 § /? 1⁄21 3 . The high-temperature biomass syngas is cooled by the built-in water-cooled wall in the upper part of the gasifier, and the temperature is lowered to about 700~1500 °C. The condensed slag is discharged from the bottom of the furnace to avoid slag pollution on the heating surface of the subsequent waste heat boiler to ensure waste heat. The heat transfer performance of the boiler is stable.
更进一步地， 所述步骤 1 ) 中， 所产生的中压蒸汽压力为 1.6~2.0MPa， 所产生的低 压蒸汽压力为 0.5~0.8MPa。  Further, in the step 1), the generated medium pressure steam pressure is 1.6 to 2.0 MPa, and the generated low pressure steam pressure is 0.5 to 0.8 MPa.
为实现上述工艺而设计的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化设备， 包括用于冷却生物 质合成气的管壳式余热锅炉和立式烟管余热锅炉， 以及用于净化生物质合成气的文丘里 洗涤塔和湿式电除尘器， 所述管壳式余热锅炉的进气口与生物质气化炉的合成气出口相 连， 所述管壳式余热锅炉的出气口与立式烟管余热锅炉的进气口相连， 所述立式烟管余 热锅炉的出气口与文丘里洗涤塔的进气口相连， 所述文丘里洗涤塔的出气口与湿式电除 尘器的输入端相连， 所述湿式电除尘器的输出端与储气罐的进气口相连。  High-temperature and high-pressure biomass syngas cooling and purification equipment designed to achieve the above processes, including a shell-and-tube waste heat boiler for cooling biomass synthesis gas, a vertical flue gas waste heat boiler, and a venturi for purifying biomass syngas a washing tower and a wet electrostatic precipitator, wherein an inlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler is connected to a synthesis gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace, and an outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler and a vertical heat exchanger of the vertical smoke tube a gas port is connected, an air outlet of the vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler is connected to an air inlet of a venturi scrubber, and an air outlet of the venturi scrubber is connected to an input end of the wet electrostatic precipitator, the wet electric dust removal The output of the device is connected to the air inlet of the air tank.
进一步地， 所述管壳式余热锅炉的蒸汽出口通过中压蒸汽输送管与生物质气化炉的 气化剂入口相连。  Further, the steam outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler is connected to the gasification agent inlet of the biomass gasifier through an intermediate pressure steam delivery pipe.
进一步地， 所述立式烟管余热锅炉的蒸汽出口通过低压蒸汽输送管与湿式电除尘器 的湿气流入口相连。  Further, the steam outlet of the vertical flue waste heat boiler is connected to the wet air inlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator through a low pressure steam delivery pipe.
再进一步地，所述管壳式余热锅炉与立式烟管余热锅炉之间设置有干式气体过滤器， 所述干式气体过滤器下端的进气口与管壳式余热锅炉的出气口相连， 所述干式气体过滤 器顶端的出气口与立式烟管余热锅炉的进气口相连， 所述干式气体过滤器底端的粉尘出 口与仓泵的进料口相连， 所述仓泵的出料口与灰库相连。 干式气体过滤器作为初步除尘 过滤装置设置在两级余热锅炉之间， 初步除尘后节省了大量的冲洗水及水处理能耗， 也 省掉了水处理设备；过滤下来的粉尘由仓泵收集后通过气力输送到灰库存储并合理利用。 更进一步地， 所述湿式电除尘器的输出端还与尾气焚烧炉的进气口相连。 尾气焚烧 锅炉充分利用气化和合成工段产生的废气燃烧后的热能， 提高了装置的热效率； 储气罐 并联尾气焚烧炉对废气进行燃烧处理并产生低压蒸汽对外供出。 Further, a dry gas filter is disposed between the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler and the vertical pipe waste heat boiler, and the air inlet of the lower end of the dry gas filter is connected to the air outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler The air outlet of the top of the dry gas filter is connected to the air inlet of the vertical heat pipe boiler, and the dust outlet of the bottom end of the dry gas filter is connected with the feed port of the warehouse pump. The discharge port is connected to the ash store. The dry gas filter is installed as a preliminary dust removal filter between the two-stage waste heat boilers. After initial dust removal, it saves a lot of washing water and water treatment energy consumption, and also saves water treatment equipment; the filtered dust is collected by the warehouse pump. After that, it is transported to the ash storage by pneumatic power and used reasonably. Further, the output of the wet electrostatic precipitator is also connected to the air inlet of the exhaust gas incinerator. The exhaust gas incineration boiler fully utilizes the heat energy after combustion of the exhaust gas generated by the gasification and synthesis sections to improve the thermal efficiency of the device; the gas storage tank parallel exhaust gas incinerator burns the exhaust gas and generates low pressure steam to be externally supplied.
本发明结合生物质高温气化工艺和合成气的理化特性， 对其冷却净化方法做了大量 的试验研究， 与现有技术相比， 其优点主要体现在如下几方面：  The invention combines the high-temperature gasification process of biomass and the physical and chemical properties of the synthesis gas, and has done a lot of experimental research on its cooling and purifying method. Compared with the prior art, the advantages are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
其一， 本发明的冷却净化工艺， 分两段冷却， 第一段冷却温度至 350〜550°C， 将温 度控制在重质焦油的凝结点以上， 避免焦油在此凝结， 第二段冷却温度至 100〜300°C， 以使重焦油在此段凝结收集， 从而实现了重质焦油的集中收集处理， 并进行逐级除尘、 除焦深度处理， 最终使得处理后的生物质合成气中粉尘含量< 10mg/Nm3， 焦油含量均 < lOmg/Nm3, 温度 <55°C， 显热回收率大于 80%。 First, the cooling and purifying process of the present invention is cooled in two stages, and the first stage cooling temperature is 350 to 550 ° C, and the temperature is controlled above the condensation point of the heavy tar to avoid condensation of the tar therein, and the second stage cooling temperature Up to 100~300 °C, so that the heavy tar is coagulated and collected in this section, thus achieving centralized collection and treatment of heavy tar, and performing step-by-step dust removal and decoking depth treatment, and finally making dust in the treated biomass synthesis gas. The content is <10mg/Nm 3 , the tar content is < lOmg/Nm 3 , the temperature is <55°C, and the sensible heat recovery rate is greater than 80%.
其二， 本发明将余热锅炉产生的蒸汽输入生物质气化炉中， 作为气化剂为净化设备 提供压力， 通过调节蒸汽的压力， 可保证生物质气化炉出口的压头克服冷却净化设备的 阻力后到达储气罐入口时还能保证 0.1〜lMPa (G) 的正压， 即保证了设备处于正压状 态下工作， 防止外部空气漏入冷却净化设备， 减少了燃气***的可能性， 而且省掉了气 化工段的鼓风机和合成工段的空压机， 大幅降低了气化及合成油工段的总体能耗， 解决 了传统煤气净化工艺中***复杂、 流程长、 能耗高、 效率低、 稳定性和经济性差、 针对 性不强的问题。  Secondly, the invention inputs the steam generated by the waste heat boiler into the biomass gasification furnace, and serves as a gasifying agent to provide pressure for the purification equipment. By adjusting the pressure of the steam, the pressure head of the outlet of the biomass gasification furnace can be overcome to overcome the cooling and purifying equipment. After the resistance reaches the inlet of the gas tank, the positive pressure of 0.1~lMPa (G) can be guaranteed, which ensures that the equipment is working under positive pressure, preventing external air from leaking into the cooling and purifying equipment, reducing the possibility of gas explosion. Moreover, the air blower of the gas chemical section and the air compressor of the synthetic section are omitted, which greatly reduces the overall energy consumption of the gasification and synthetic oil section, and solves the complicated system, long process, high energy consumption and low efficiency in the traditional gas purification process. , stability and economics are not good, and the problem is not targeted.
其三， 本发明设备采用管壳式余热锅炉和立式烟管余热锅炉两段、 双压余热回收， 分段冷却， 实现了重质焦油的集中收集处理， 余热梯级回用， 提高了设备的热效率； 同 时， 采用无填料文丘里洗涤塔洗气除尘， 湿式电除尘器除焦和除尘后置的高压流程， 实 现了生物质合成气的逐级除尘、 除焦油的净化目标。  Thirdly, the device of the invention adopts a two-stage tube-and-tube waste heat boiler and a vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler, double pressure waste heat recovery, and sectional cooling, thereby realizing centralized collection and processing of heavy tar, and reusing the residual heat step to improve the equipment. Thermal efficiency; At the same time, the use of non-filled venturi scrubber scrubbing dedusting, wet electrostatic precipitator decoking and dust removal after the high pressure process, the realization of biomass syngas dedusting, deodorization purification target.
其四， 本发明设备适配于无外筒的生物质气化炉， 解决了外筒水冷时气化炉结构复 杂、 炉体尺寸大、 壁面易挂渣、 水侧易结垢的技术难题， 在提高气化稳定性的同时， 还 节省了气化主设备的造价； 另外， 本发明的净化设备结构简单、 工艺流畅、 能耗低、 效 率高、 安全稳定性好、 经济效益高。 附图说明  Fourthly, the device of the invention is adapted to the biomass gasification furnace without the outer cylinder, and solves the technical problem that the structure of the gasification furnace is complicated when the outer cylinder is water-cooled, the size of the furnace body is large, the wall surface is easy to hang the slag, and the water side is easy to scale. While improving the gasification stability, the cost of the gasification main equipment is also saved; in addition, the purification device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, smooth process, low energy consumption, high efficiency, good safety and stability, and high economic benefit. DRAWINGS
图 1为一种高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化设备的结构示意图。 具体实施方式 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high temperature and high pressure biomass syngas cooling and purifying apparatus. detailed description
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的描述， 但是本发明并不限于下述实 施例。  The invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.
图 1中所示的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化设备， 包括用于冷却生物质合成气的 管壳式余热锅炉 2和立式烟管余热锅炉 4，以及用于净化生物质合成气的文丘里洗涤塔 5 和湿式电除尘器 6， 管壳式余热锅炉 2与立式烟管余热锅炉 4之间设置有干式气体过滤 器 3， 管壳式余热锅炉 2的进气口 8与生物质气化炉 1的合成气出口 7相连， 管壳式余 热锅炉 2的出气口 10与干式气体过滤器 3下端的进气口 18相连， 管壳式余热锅炉 2的 蒸汽出口通过中压蒸汽输送管 9与生物质气化炉 1的气化剂入口相连， 干式气体过滤器 3顶端的出气口 19与立式烟管余热锅炉 4的进气口 11相连， 干式气体过滤器 3底端的 粉尘出口 20与仓泵 21的进料口相连，仓泵 21的出料口 22与灰库 23相连，立式烟管余 热锅炉 4的出气口 12与文丘里洗涤塔 5的进气口 13相连， 立式烟管余热锅炉 4的蒸汽 出口通过低压蒸汽输送管 27与湿式电除尘器 6的湿气流入口相连，文丘里洗涤塔 5的出 气口 14与湿式电除尘器 6的输入端 15相连， 湿式电除尘器 6的输出端 16与储气罐 17 的进气口 26相连， 湿式电除尘器 6的输出端 16还与尾气焚烧炉 24的进气口 25相连。 其中， 储气罐 17为高压球形储气罐； 干式气体过滤器 3为陶瓷干式过滤器， 采用陶瓷干 式过滤器， 能保证在 350〜550°C范围内除尘效率达到 99.9%以上， 后续配置湿式电除尘 器 6， 可以确保最终达到除尘和除焦油的控制指标。  The high temperature and high pressure biomass syngas cooling purification apparatus shown in Fig. 1 comprises a shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 for cooling biomass synthesis gas, a vertical flue gas waste heat boiler 4, and a venturi for purifying biomass syngas. The washing tower 5 and the wet electrostatic precipitator 6, the tube-type waste heat boiler 2 and the vertical flue gas waste heat boiler 4 are provided with a dry gas filter 3, the inlet 8 of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 and the biomass The syngas outlet 7 of the gasification furnace 1 is connected, the gas outlet 10 of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 is connected to the inlet 18 of the lower end of the dry gas filter 3, and the steam outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 is conveyed by medium pressure steam. The tube 9 is connected to the gasification agent inlet of the biomass gasification furnace 1, and the gas outlet 19 at the top end of the dry gas filter 3 is connected to the inlet port 11 of the vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler 4, and the bottom end of the dry gas filter 3 The dust outlet 20 is connected to the feed port of the silo pump 21, the discharge port 22 of the silo pump 21 is connected to the ash silo 23, and the air outlet 12 of the vertical flue gas waste heat boiler 4 is connected to the air inlet 13 of the venturi scrubber 5 , steam of the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4 The outlet is connected to the wet gas inlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 via a low pressure steam delivery pipe 27, and the gas outlet 14 of the venturi scrubber 5 is connected to the input 15 of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6, the output 16 of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 The air inlets 26 of the air reservoirs 17 are connected, and the output 16 of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 is also connected to the air inlet 25 of the exhaust gas incinerator 24. The gas storage tank 17 is a high-pressure spherical gas storage tank; the dry gas filter 3 is a ceramic dry filter, and the ceramic dry filter can ensure that the dust removal efficiency reaches 99.9% or more in the range of 350 to 550 °C. The subsequent configuration of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 ensures that the control indicators for dust removal and tar removal are finally achieved.
上述设备的工艺流程如下： 从生物质气化炉 1的生物质合成气出口 7出来的温度为 700〜1500°C， 粉尘含量<20§/?½ 3， 焦油含量<3§/?½ 3的生物质合成气首先从管壳式余 热锅炉 2的进气口 8进入管壳式余热锅炉 2， 采用工艺水进行第一段间接换热冷却， 管 壳式余热锅炉 2回收中温余热，从管壳式余热锅炉 2的出气口 10出来的生物质合成气优 选冷却至 350〜550°C， 更优选冷却至 400〜500°C， 管壳式余热锅炉 2中产生中压蒸汽， 管壳式余热锅炉 2的设计压力≥1.6MPa， 优选 1.6~2.0MPa， 该中压蒸汽从管壳式余热锅 炉 2的蒸汽出口出来后经中压蒸汽输送管 9返回输送到生物质气化炉 1中作为生物质燃 料的气化剂， 蒸汽压力的大小调节可通过在蒸汽输送管道上安装压力调节阀来实现； 然 后将生物质合成气从干式气体过滤器 3下端的进气口 18送入干式气体过滤器 3进行初步 除尘，经过高效除尘后的生物质合成气从干式气体过滤器 3顶端的出气口 19出来；然后 从立式烟管余热锅炉 4的进气口 11进入立式烟管余热锅炉 4，采用工艺水进行第二段间 接换热冷却， 立式烟管余热锅炉 4 回收低温余热， 从立式烟管余热锅炉 4的出气口 12 出来的生物质合成气优选冷却至 100〜300°C，更优选冷却至 150〜250°C，立式烟管余热 锅炉 4中产生的低压蒸汽供后续湿式电除尘器 6进行深度除尘和除焦油所用， 立式烟管 余热锅炉 4的设计压力≥0.5MPa， 优选 0.5~0.8MPa， 该低压蒸汽从立式烟管余热锅炉 4 的蒸汽出口出来后经低压蒸汽输送管 27输送到湿式电除尘器 6的湿气流入口，进入湿式 电除尘器 6中作为湿气流吹扫生物质合成气中的粉尘、 焦油雾， 生物质合成气在立式烟 管余热锅炉 4中降温冷却的同时， 部分重质焦油析出， 通过槽斗收集除去； 将生物质合 成气从文丘里洗涤塔 5下端的进气口 13送入无填料的文丘里洗涤塔 5进行洗涤、 除尘， 并进一步降温， 生物质合成气中的绝大部分粉尘、焦油滴及水溶性气体进入洗涤液除去， 洗涤液为清洗水，可用循环水或工业水，该从文丘里洗涤塔 5上端的出气口 14出来的生 物质合成气的温度降至 25〜65°C ; 最后， 将生物质合成气从湿式电除尘器 6下端的进气 口 15送入湿式电除尘器 6中，利用立式烟管余热锅炉 4中产生的低压蒸汽进行深度除尘 除焦处理， 从而将生物质合成气中残存少量的粉尘、 焦油雾吹扫除去， 并使生物质合成 气的压力降至 0.1〜lMpa， 通过上述冷却净化过程， 从湿式电除尘器 6顶端的出气口 16 出来的生物质合成气中粉尘含量 < 10mg/Nm3， 焦油含量均 < 10mg/Nm3， 温度 <55°C， 显热回收率大于 80%， 合格的生物质合成气输送至储气罐 17储存或从储气罐的出气口 28输出供下游工段使用， 与储气罐 17并联的是尾气焚烧锅炉 24， 它是在***启动、 生 物质合成气成份超标时， 对废气进行燃烧处理的重要设备。 其中， 干式过滤器 3过滤下 来的粉尘经干式过滤器 3底端的粉尘出口 20进入仓泵 21，仓泵 21收集的粉尘经仓泵 21 的出料口 22通过气力输送到灰库 23存储并合理利用。 The process of the above equipment is as follows: The temperature from the biomass synthesis gas outlet 7 of the biomass gasification furnace 1 is 700 to 1500 ° C, the dust content is <20 § /?1⁄2 3 , and the tar content is <3 § /?1⁄2 3 The biomass synthesis gas first enters the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 from the inlet 8 of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2, and uses the process water for the first indirect heat exchange cooling, and the shell-and-shell waste heat boiler 2 recovers the medium temperature waste heat from the tube. The biomass synthesis gas from the gas outlet 10 of the shell type waste heat boiler 2 is preferably cooled to 350 to 550 ° C, more preferably to 400 to 500 ° C, and medium pressure steam is generated in the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2, and the shell-and-shell type waste heat is generated. The design pressure of the boiler 2 is ≥1.6 MPa, preferably 1.6-2.0 MPa. The medium-pressure steam is discharged from the steam outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2, and then returned to the biomass gasification furnace 1 through the medium-pressure steam delivery pipe 9 as a raw material. The gasification agent of the material fuel, the size of the steam pressure can be adjusted by installing a pressure regulating valve on the steam delivery pipe; then the biomass synthesis gas is sent from the inlet 18 of the lower end of the dry gas filter 3 to the dry gas. Filter 3 performs preliminary dust removal, after The highly efficient dust-removed biomass syngas exits the gas outlet 19 at the top of the dry gas filter 3; From the air inlet 11 of the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4, enter the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4, using the process water for the second indirect heat exchange cooling, the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4 recovers the low temperature waste heat, from the vertical pipe The biomass synthesis gas from the gas outlet 12 of the waste heat boiler 4 is preferably cooled to 100 to 300 ° C, more preferably to 150 to 250 ° C, and the low pressure steam generated in the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4 is supplied to the subsequent wet type electrostatic precipitator. 6 For deep dust removal and tar removal, the design pressure of the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4 is ≥0.5MPa, preferably 0.5~0.8MPa. The low pressure steam exits from the steam outlet of the vertical pipe waste heat boiler 4 and passes through the low pressure steam transmission pipe. 27 is transported to the wet air inlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6, into the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 as a wet air stream to purify the dust and tar in the biomass syngas, and the biomass syngas is cooled in the vertical flue waste heat boiler 4 While cooling, part of the heavy tar is precipitated and collected and removed by the tank; the biomass synthesis gas is sent from the inlet 13 of the lower end of the venturi scrubber 5 to the unfilled venturi scrubber 5 for washing and dust removal, and In one step of cooling, most of the dust, tar drops and water-soluble gas in the biomass synthesis gas are removed into the washing liquid. The washing liquid is washing water, and circulating water or industrial water can be used. The gas outlet 14 from the upper end of the venturi scrubber 5 The temperature of the biomass synthesis gas is reduced to 25~65 °C. Finally, the biomass synthesis gas is sent from the inlet 15 of the lower end of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 to the wet electrostatic precipitator 6, and the waste heat of the vertical pipe is utilized. The low-pressure steam generated in the boiler 4 is subjected to deep dust removal and decoking treatment, thereby purging and removing a small amount of dust and tar mist remaining in the biomass synthesis gas, and reducing the pressure of the biomass synthesis gas to 0.1 to 1 Mpa, and purifying by the above cooling. In the process, the dust content of the biomass syngas from the gas outlet 16 at the top of the wet electrostatic precipitator 6 is <10 mg/Nm3, the tar content is <10 mg/Nm3, the temperature is <55 °C, and the sensible heat recovery rate is greater than 80%. The biomass synthesis gas is sent to the gas storage tank 17 for storage or output from the gas outlet port 28 of the gas storage tank for use in the downstream section, and in parallel with the gas storage tank 17, is an exhaust gas incineration boiler 24, which is in system startup, biomass bonding When the gas-forming components exceed the standard, it is an important equipment for burning the exhaust gas. The dust filtered by the dry filter 3 enters the silo pump 21 through the dust outlet 20 at the bottom end of the dry filter 3, and the dust collected by the silo pump 21 is pneumatically transported to the ash silo 23 for storage through the discharge port 22 of the silo pump 21. And use it reasonably.
本发明将管壳式余热锅炉 2产生的中压蒸汽输入生物质气化炉 1中作为气化剂为净 化***提供压力， 省掉了煤气鼓风机， 通过调蒸汽的压力， 保证生物质气化炉 1出口的 压头克服冷却净化***的阻力后到达储气罐 17入口 26时还能保证 0.1〜lMPa (G) 的 正压， 即保证了生物质气化炉 1、 管壳式余热锅炉 2、 立式烟管余热锅炉 4、 文丘里洗涤 塔 5、 湿式除尘器 6， 及储气罐 17处于正压状态下工作， 防止外部空气漏入以上净化设 备， 减少了燃气***的可能性， 而且省掉了后续合成油工段加压生物质气的空压机， 使 得气化及合成油工段总体能耗大幅降低。 以上是高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化的主工艺流程及相关设备， 可在两级余热炉 给水、 文丘里洗涤塔循环水、 湿式电除尘器冲洗水等辅助***上增设一些标准和非标准 设备， 它们通过管道和阀门等组成各自的子***， 为相关设备服务， 进而完成生物质合 成气的冷却和净化过程。 The invention inputs the medium pressure steam generated by the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 into the biomass gasification furnace 1 as a gasifying agent to supply pressure to the purification system, saves the gas blower, and ensures the biomass gasification furnace by adjusting the pressure of the steam. When the pressure head of the outlet 1 overcomes the resistance of the cooling and purifying system and reaches the inlet 26 of the gas storage tank 17, the positive pressure of 0.1~lMPa (G) can be ensured, that is, the biomass gasification furnace 1, the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler 2 is guaranteed. Vertical flue gas waste heat boiler 4, Venturi scrubber 5, wet scrubber 6, and gas storage tank 17 are operated under positive pressure to prevent external air from leaking into the above purification equipment, reducing the possibility of gas explosion, and saving The air compressor that pressurizes the biomass gas in the subsequent synthetic oil section is eliminated, which greatly reduces the overall energy consumption of the gasification and synthetic oil section. The above is the main process flow and related equipment for high temperature and high pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification. It can add some standard and non-standard equipment to auxiliary systems such as two-stage waste heat boiler feed water, Venturi scrubbing tower circulating water, wet electrostatic precipitator flushing water. They form their own subsystems through pipes and valves to service related equipment, thus completing the cooling and purification process of biomass synthesis gas.

Claims

权利要求书 claims
1、 一种高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化工艺， 其特征在于： 包括如下步骤： 1. A high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification process, characterized by: including the following steps:
1 )分段冷却： 首先采用工艺水进行第一段间接换热， 将从气化炉输出的高温高压生 物质合成气冷却至 350〜550°C， 余热回收产生的中压蒸汽对外提供； 然后采用工艺水进 行第二段间接换热， 继续将生物质合成气冷却至 100〜300°C， 余热回收产生的低压蒸汽 对外提供； 1) Sectional cooling: First, use process water for the first stage of indirect heat exchange, cool the high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas output from the gasifier to 350~550°C, and provide the medium-pressure steam generated by waste heat recovery to the outside world; then Use process water for the second stage of indirect heat exchange, continue to cool the biomass synthesis gas to 100~300°C, and provide the low-pressure steam generated by waste heat recovery to the outside world;
2)焦油收集：将生物质合成气在第二段间接换热过程中冷却析出的部分重质焦油收 集除去； 2) Tar collection: Collect and remove part of the heavy tar that is cooled and precipitated from the biomass synthesis gas during the second stage of indirect heat exchange;
3 )洗涤净化： 采用洗涤液初步除尘降温， 将生物质合成气中绝大部分的粉尘、焦油 滴、 水溶性气体洗涤除去， 洗涤后的生物质合成气温度降低至 25〜65°C ; 3) Washing and purification: Use the washing liquid for preliminary dust removal and cooling to remove most of the dust, tar droplets, and water-soluble gases in the biomass synthesis gas. The temperature of the washed biomass synthesis gas is reduced to 25~65°C;
4)湿式除尘： 采用湿气流深度除尘除焦， 将对生物质合成气中残存少量的粉尘、焦 油雾吹扫除去， 并使其压力降至 0.1〜lMpa，从而获得粉尘和焦油含量均小于 10mg/Nm3 的生物质合成气。 4) Wet dust removal: Wet air flow is used for deep dust removal and coking, and a small amount of dust and tar mist remaining in the biomass synthesis gas will be purged and removed, and the pressure will be reduced to 0.1~1Mpa, thereby obtaining dust and tar contents of less than 10 mg. /Nm 3 of biomass synthesis gas.
2、根据权利要求 1所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化工艺， 其特征在于： 所述 步骤 1 ) 中， 所产生的中压蒸汽返回输送到气化炉中， 作为生物质燃料的气化剂。 2. The high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 1), the generated medium-pressure steam is returned to the gasification furnace and used as biomass fuel gas. chemical agent.
3、根据权利要求 1所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化工艺， 其特征在于： 所述 步骤 1 )中， 所产生的低压蒸汽应用到步骤 4)中， 作为湿气流吹扫生物质合成气中的粉 尘、 焦油雾。 3. The high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 1), the generated low-pressure steam is applied to step 4) as a wet gas flow to purge the biomass synthesis. Dust and tar mist in the air.
4、根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化工艺，其特征在 于： 所述步骤 1 ) 中， 生物质合成气先进行第一段间接换热， 中间进行干式除尘处理， 再进行第二段间接换热。 4. The high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification process according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that: in step 1), the biomass synthesis gas is first subjected to the first stage of indirect heat exchange, and drying is performed in the middle. Dust removal treatment is carried out, and then the second stage of indirect heat exchange is carried out.
5、根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化工艺，其特征在 于： 所述步骤 1 ) 中， 第一段间接换热时， 将从生物质合成气冷却至 400〜500°C ; 第二 段间接换热时， 将生物质合成气冷却至 150〜250°C。 5. The high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification process according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that: in step 1), during the indirect heat exchange in the first stage, the biomass synthesis gas is cooled to 400~500°C ; second During indirect heat exchange, the biomass synthesis gas is cooled to 150~250°C.
6、根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化工艺，其特征在 于： 所述步骤 1 ) 中， 控制从气化炉输出的高温高压生物质合成气的初始温度为 700〜 1500°C , 粉尘含量<2(^/?½13， 焦油含量<3§/?½13。 6. The high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification process according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that: in step 1), the initial temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas output from the gasifier is controlled. 700~1500°C, dust content <2(^/?½1 3 , tar content < 3§ /?½1 3 .
7、根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化工艺，其特征在 于： 所述步骤 1 ) 中， 所产生的中压蒸汽压力为 1.6~2.0MPa， 所产生的低压蒸汽压力为 0.5~0.8MPao 7. The high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification process according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that: in step 1), the medium-pressure steam pressure generated is 1.6~2.0MPa, Low pressure steam pressure is 0.5~0.8MPa o
8、 一种为实现权利要求 1所述工艺而设计的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化设备， 包括用于冷却生物质合成气的管壳式余热锅炉（2)和立式烟管余热锅炉（4)， 以及用于 净化生物质合成气的文丘里洗涤塔（5)和湿式电除尘器（6)， 其特征在于： 所述管壳式 余热锅炉 （2) 的进气口 （8) 与生物质气化炉 （1 ) 的合成气出口 （7) 相连， 所述管壳 式余热锅炉 （2) 的出气口 （10) 与立式烟管余热锅炉 （4) 的进气口 （11 ) 相连， 所述 立式烟管余热锅炉 （4) 的出气口 （12) 与文丘里洗涤塔 （5) 的进气口 （13 ) 相连， 所 述文丘里洗涤塔 （5) 的出气口 （14) 与湿式电除尘器 （6) 的输入端 （15) 相连， 所述 湿式电除尘器 （6) 的输出端 （16) 与储气罐 （17) 的进气口 （26) 相连。 8. A high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification equipment designed to realize the process of claim 1, including a shell-and-tube waste heat boiler (2) and a vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler (2) for cooling biomass synthesis gas 4), and a Venturi scrubber (5) and a wet electrostatic precipitator (6) for purifying biomass synthesis gas, characterized in that: the air inlet (8) of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler (2) and The syngas outlet (7) of the biomass gasifier (1) is connected, and the air outlet (10) of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler (2) is connected to the air inlet (11) of the vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler (4). Connected, the air outlet (12) of the vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler (4) is connected to the air inlet (13) of the Venturi scrubber (5), and the air outlet (14) of the Venturi scrubber (5) ) is connected to the input end (15) of the wet electrostatic precipitator (6), and the output end (16) of the wet electrostatic precipitator (6) is connected to the air inlet (26) of the gas storage tank (17).
9、根据权利要求 8所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化设备， 其特征在于： 所述 管壳式余热锅炉 （2) 的蒸汽出口通过中压蒸汽输送管（9)与生物质气化炉 （1 ) 的气化 剂入口相连。 9. The high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: the steam outlet of the shell-and-tube waste heat boiler (2) communicates with the biomass gasification through a medium-pressure steam delivery pipe (9) The gasification agent inlet of the furnace (1) is connected.
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化设备， 其特征在于： 所 述立式烟管余热锅炉 （4) 的蒸汽出口通过低压蒸汽输送管 （27) 与湿式电除尘器 （6) 的湿气流入口相连。 10. The high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: the steam outlet of the vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler (4) communicates with the wet electrostatic precipitator through the low-pressure steam delivery pipe (27) The moisture flow inlet of (6) is connected.
11、根据权利要求 8或 9或 10所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化设备，其特征 在于： 所述管壳式余热锅炉 （2) 与立式烟管余热锅炉 （4) 之间设置有干式气体过滤器 (3)， 所述干式气体过滤器 （3) 下端的进气口 （18) 与管壳式余热锅炉 （2) 的出气口 (10) 相连， 所述干式气体过滤器 （3) 顶端的出气口 （19) 与立式烟管余热锅炉 （4) 的进气口 （11)相连， 所述干式气体过滤器（3)底端的粉尘出口 （20) 与仓泵 （21) 的 进料口相连， 所述仓泵 （21) 的出料口 （22) 与灰库 （23) 相连。 11. The high temperature and high pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification equipment according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized by The reason is: a dry gas filter (3) is provided between the shell and tube waste heat boiler (2) and the vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler (4), and the air inlet at the lower end of the dry gas filter (3) (18) is connected to the air outlet (10) of the shell and tube waste heat boiler (2), and the air outlet (19) at the top of the dry gas filter (3) is connected to the air inlet of the vertical smoke tube waste heat boiler (4) The dust outlet (20) at the bottom of the dry gas filter (3) is connected to the inlet of the bin pump (21), and the outlet (22) of the bin pump (21) is connected to the inlet of the bin pump (21). Ash library (23) is connected.
12、根据权利要求 8或 9或 10所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化设备，其特征 在于： 所述湿式电除尘器 （6) 的输出端 （16)还与尾气焚烧炉 （24) 的进气口 （25)相 连。 12. The high temperature and high pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification equipment according to claim 8 or 9 or 10, characterized in that: the output end (16) of the wet electrostatic precipitator (6) is also connected to the tail gas incinerator (24) The air inlet (25) is connected.
13、根据权利要求 11所述的高温高压生物质合成气冷却净化设备， 其特征在于： 所 述湿式电除尘器 （6) 的输出端 （16) 还与尾气焚烧炉 （24) 的进气口 （25) 相连。 13. The high-temperature and high-pressure biomass synthesis gas cooling and purification equipment according to claim 11, characterized in that: the output end (16) of the wet electrostatic precipitator (6) is also connected to the air inlet of the tail gas incinerator (24) (25) Connected.
PCT/CN2014/079101 2013-06-03 2014-06-03 High-temperature high-pressure biomass syngas cooling and purification process and device WO2014194812A1 (en)

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