WO2014156939A1 - 植物の栽培方法 - Google Patents
植物の栽培方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014156939A1 WO2014156939A1 PCT/JP2014/057716 JP2014057716W WO2014156939A1 WO 2014156939 A1 WO2014156939 A1 WO 2014156939A1 JP 2014057716 W JP2014057716 W JP 2014057716W WO 2014156939 A1 WO2014156939 A1 WO 2014156939A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- the present invention relates to a plant cultivation technique for controlling factors involved in flower bud and leaf bud differentiation, flowering and fruiting, leaf bud sprouting, new treetop growth, and the like.
- the harvest period of blueberries under Japanese natural conditions is at most from June to September, even if varieties with different flesh maturity periods are combined.
- the harvest time is from mid-April to early June, and there is a gap in harvest and shipment of domestic blueberries from October to March of the following year (off season). ing. Therefore, from October to May of the following year, fresh blueberries are in short supply, and imported from countries in the southern hemisphere such as Chile, but are expensive.
- Patent Document 1 the present inventors have disclosed a cultivation method capable of harvesting even in the off-season using a blueberry variety having a relatively low temperature requirement time of about 100 to 500 hours for breaking dormancy.
- the method includes a step of inducing flowering by placing the blueberry after flower buds are formed (around September in natural conditions in Tokyo) at a temperature higher than the dormancy introduction temperature, and the step (from around November). ) Including the process of placing under light conditions longer than the time of flower induction, thereby continuously harvesting fruits during the off-season (in this case from December to around July of the following year) It becomes possible to continue to generate flower bud formation, flowering and fruiting.
- Patent Document 1 it is possible to continuously generate flower bud formation, flowering, and fruiting, but when the fruit fruit amount increases, the growth amount of the new shoots is suppressed. This leads to a decrease in leaf area, which results in smaller fruits and a high yield cannot be expected.
- Patent Document 1 when the method of Patent Document 1 is applied, flowering and fruiting are repeated, and the period of such reproductive growth can be dramatically increased, but the vegetative growth of the foliage is not sufficient, so that the tree vigor is maintained. It was difficult. In other words, in seasonal fruit trees such as blueberries, the buds of leaf buds and the growth of new shoots are started after the flowers bloom or at the same time as the flowers are blooming. In this system, the vegetative long-term vegetative period until the next flowering is extremely short or almost none. Therefore, for longer-term continuous production of blueberries, it was strongly desired to start bud germination and growth of new shoots with flowering and to develop stems and leaves.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 describe a system for controlling the growth environment of plants, but no control method that can satisfy the above-described demand is suggested.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for controlling factors involved in differentiation into flower buds and leaf buds, budding, flowering and fruiting, growth of new treetops, and the like.
- the most interesting subject in the art is to control flower bud and leaf bud differentiation.
- the subject matter of the present invention may also include controlling the buds of flower buds and leaf buds thus differentiated.
- the leaf bud should germinate before and after the flower bud, and the flowering and fruiting should be repeated under new foliage.
- the inventors have found that flower bud-leaf bud differentiation can be controlled by specific environmental stimuli. That is, it has been found that by applying this control technique, flower bud differentiation can be further promoted, or conversely, flower bud differentiation can be suppressed and leaf bud differentiation can be prioritized. Further surprisingly, it has been found that flower bud differentiation and leaf bud differentiation can proceed simultaneously in plants to which the present invention is applied. Therefore, the first aspect of the present invention is [1] A method for cultivating a plant, comprising providing a plant with a first environmental stimulus for controlling flower bud differentiation, leaf bud differentiation or both, It is.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is [2] The method according to [1] above, wherein the first environmental stimulus is applied immediately after harvesting the fruit, It is.
- the first environmental stimulus is given by combining an air temperature of 16 to 40 ° C. (day temperature of about 40 ° C., night temperature of about 16 ° C.) and a day length of 8 to 13 hours. For example, if the temperature is 16 to 23 ° C. (day temperature is about 23 ° C., night temperature is about 16 ° C.), most of the buds are differentiated (converted) into flower buds. On the other hand, if the light temperature is kept at 25 ° C. or higher, conversion to flower buds can be suppressed (that is, differentiation into flower buds can be suppressed and leaf bud formation can be promoted).
- a further preferred aspect of the present invention is: [3] The method according to [1] or [2] above, wherein the first environmental stimulus is provided by placing the plant in an environment having an air temperature of 16 to 40 ° C. and a day length of 8 to 13 hours. [4] The method according to [3] above, wherein the temperature is set to 16 to 23 ° C., thereby promoting flower bud development. [5] The method according to [3] above, wherein the temperature of the light period is 25 ° C.
- flower buds and leaf buds are simultaneously formed in a well-balanced manner, whereby leaf buds sprout before and after the flower buds, and flowering and fruiting are repeated under new foliage.
- the present invention includes [8] the method according to [3] above, wherein the temperature of the light period is 25 ° C. or more and the day length is 8 to 10 hours. Is included.
- a suitable environmental stimulus for controlling the bud timing of the flower buds, leaf buds or both formed as described above has also been found.
- a typical such stimulus involves placing the plant under a low temperature of about 3-7 ° C.
- This stimulus is a post-harvest plant, and typically gives extreme low-temperature irritation of about 3-7 ° C to plants that have grown for 30 hours or more in the daytime and 14 hours of day length. This is different from the so-called dormancy breaking process.
- the second aspect of the present invention and preferred embodiments thereof are: [9] The method according to any one of the above [1] to [8], further comprising providing the plant with a second environmental stimulus for controlling the bud timing of flower buds, leaf buds or both, and [9] [10] The method according to [9] above, wherein the second environmental stimulus is provided by placing the plant in an environment at a temperature of 3 to 7 ° C., It is.
- Plants that have been given the first environmental stimulus or that have been given the first and second environmental stimuli in sequence will start to sprout and shoot growth at appropriate times, even if they are returned to natural conditions. It is thought that it will bear fruit while fully developing the foliage.
- the present invention also contemplates controlling the development of foliage and the subsequent flowering and fruiting by applying environmental conditions suitable for budding.
- environmental conditions it can be exemplified that the temperature is 16 to 23 ° C. (day temperature is about 23 ° C., night temperature is about 16 ° C.) and the day length is 8 to 11 hours.
- the third aspect of the present invention and preferred embodiments thereof are: [11] The above [9], further comprising providing the plant with a third environmental stimulus by placing the plant in an environment suitable for leaf bud sprouting and flower bud sprouting, foliage development, flowering and fruiting. Or the method of [10], and [12] the method of [11] above, wherein the environmental stimulus is an air temperature of 16 to 23 ° C. and a day length of 8 to 11 hours, It is.
- the present invention can also be understood as a fruit production method using a facility such as a plant factory that can change the environment. Therefore, as another aspect of the present invention, [13] A method for producing a fruit, comprising: 1) A step of placing a plant in an environment with an air temperature of 16-40 ° C. and a day length of 8-13 hours immediately after harvesting the fruit; 2) After the step 1), the step of placing the plant in an environment at a temperature of 3-7 ° C; and 3) After the step 2), the plant is at a temperature of 16-23 ° C and a day length of 8-11 hours. Placing in the environment; [14] The method of [13] above, wherein the environment of 1) is an environment in which the temperature of the light period is 25 ° C. or more and the day length is 8 to 10 hours.
- the processing period in the production method is preferably as follows: [15] The above [13] or [14], wherein the period of the step 1) is 30 to 90 days, the period 2) is 15 to 45 days, and the period 3) is 15 days or more. ]the method of, It is.
- the present invention in plant cultivation, it becomes possible to appropriately control factors involved in differentiation into flower buds and leaf buds, flowering and fruiting, leaf bud sprouting, growth of new shoots, etc. Fruits can be shipped even in the off-season with institutional cultivation.
- the leaf buds sprout before and after the flower buds, and the flowering and fruiting are repeated under new stems and leaves, thereby allowing continuous production of fruits without declining tree vigor.
- Example 2 is a whole photograph of a plant to which environmental stimulation of Example 1 was applied. It shows that the plant is growing healthy and flowering while growing the foliage. Many new shoots have already occurred. It is a photograph of the result branch of the plant which gave the environmental stimulus of Example 1. This shows that the growth and flowering of the foliage are proceeding simultaneously after the leaf buds and flower buds have sprout. Moreover, the fruit axis is longer than usual, and a space is formed between the flower bunches (fruits).
- 3 is a whole photograph of a plant to which environmental stimulation of Example 2 was applied. It shows that the plant is growing healthy and flowering while growing the foliage. Many new shoots have already occurred. It is a photograph of the result branch of the plant which gave the environmental stimulus of Example 2.
- factors involved in flower bud differentiation, leaf bud differentiation, flowering, sprouting, dormancy, etc. induce acceptance of external stimuli by plant organs, tissues or cells, and subsequent signal transduction and specific gene expression. It means the factor to do. Therefore, in the present specification, controlling these factors means applying an external stimulus to the plant individual, particularly an environmental stimulus such as temperature and day length.
- the environmental stimulus of the present invention includes a stimulus that the plant individual to which it is added is unlikely to encounter under wild conditions, and is preferably used.
- the 1st environmental stimulus for controlling flower bud differentiation, leaf bud differentiation, or both is given with respect to a plant.
- the stimulus needs to be given at least before the completion of flower bud differentiation. More precisely, the stimulus is before the leaf primordia are converted into flower buds. The leaf primordium that has not been converted (differentiated) into flower buds is directly differentiated into leaf buds.
- the first environmental stimulus of the present invention must be given to the plant at the latest before September.
- the first environmental stimulus of the present invention is given to a plant from any time point from early July to early August (that is, within about one month) immediately after the fruit is harvested. .
- the first environmental stimulus of the present invention is given by combining a temperature in the range of 16 to 40 ° C. and a light period in the range of 8 to 13 hours in day length.
- a temperature in the range of 16 to 40 ° C. and a light period in the range of 8 to 13 hours in day length By imparting an environmental stimulus within that range to the plant immediately after harvesting, differentiation of the leaf primordia into either flower buds or leaf buds or both can be promoted.
- the temperature is about 16 to 23 ° C. and the day length is 8 to 10 hours, most of the buds are converted (differentiated) into flower buds.
- the light temperature is kept at about 25 ° C. or more and a day length of about 12 to 13 hours, the conversion to flower buds is suppressed, and as a result, the formation of leaf buds can be promoted.
- flower buds and leaf buds are simultaneously formed in a well-balanced manner, whereby leaf buds bud together with flower buds, and flowering and fruiting are repeated under new foliage.
- Typical environmental stimuli include a light period temperature of 25 ° C. or higher and a day length of 8 to 10 hours.
- the present inventors do not know. In other words, it would be reasonable to infer that the first environmental stimulus of the present invention results in plant physiological and molecular biological changes that cannot occur under normal environmental conditions.
- the day length of the first environmental stimulus of the present invention is 12 to 13 hours compared to the day length of early summer in Tokyo (that is, immediately after harvesting) being about 14 hours or more. Corresponds to the day length condition of autumn (after September). In particular, when the day length is about 8 to 10 hours, the day length corresponds to late autumn (after November). Therefore, the first environmental stimulus of the present invention can be regarded as a stimulus that changes the growth environment of a plant discontinuously and all at once. In addition, a light temperature of 25 ° C. or more and a day length of 8 to 10 hours, which is an aspect of the first environmental stimulus, is also a combination that cannot normally occur under natural conditions.
- one embodiment of the present invention that can differentiate flower buds and leaf buds at the same time (that is, can suppress the conversion of all leaf primordia into flower buds) is significant for plants. It is considered to be stressful.
- bud differentiation can be promoted by combining the first environmental stimulus of the present invention, that is, the temperature and the day length within the range of the temperature of 16 to 40 ° C. and the day length of 8 to 13 hours.
- the temperature conditions described above for the first environmental stimulation use various temperature control devices such as a heater, cooling equipment, air blowing, dehumidifier (humidifier), ventilation fan, dry mist, and light-shielding curtain, alone or in combination. Can be realized.
- a closed system room incorporating these temperature control devices and a normal greenhouse equipped with these temperature control devices can be used. Suitable examples of such facilities are described in JP 2011-120555 A and JP 2011-150557 A.
- the light period constituting the “day length” in the environmental stimulus of the present invention means a continuous period (Hour) in which a plant is placed under a light intensity condition that allows photosynthesis.
- the light intensity (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) is about 100 to 1000 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 PPFD, preferably about 700 to 800 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ . It can be exemplified that it is in the range of 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 PPFD.
- the main wavelength (spectral energy occupying most) of the light irradiated in the light period is not particularly limited, but a range of about 400 to 730 nm is preferable.
- the light irradiated in the light period may be either sunlight (natural light) or artificial light, or both. That is, the light source of light irradiated in the light period is not particularly limited, and examples include not only the sun but also a high-pressure sodium lamp, a metal halide lamp, an LED (light emitting diode), and a laser light source. Note that these light sources may be used alone, or a plurality of light sources may be used in appropriate combination. For example, when natural light intensity falls below the above range, such as in cloudy sky or rainy weather, it is preferable to supplement with artificial light.
- the period for giving the first environmental stimulus to the plant about 30 to 90 days can be exemplified. About 30 days is sufficient to control flower bud differentiation, leaf bud differentiation or both.
- the upper limit of the period is not particularly limited from the viewpoint of bud differentiation, but it is not necessary to make it longer than necessary when considering the viewpoint of enabling harvesting in the off-season.
- one day means a unit composed of one light period and one dark period. That is, when the total of one light period and one dark period is 24 hours, the 24 hours is defined as one day. Unless otherwise specified in this specification, 24 hours corresponds to one day.
- the relative humidity is preferably in the range of about 30 to 80%
- the CO 2 concentration is preferably in the range of about 400 to 600 ⁇ mol ⁇ mol ⁇ 1
- the soil pH is about 5.0 to 6.0
- the soil EC is preferably about 0.7 to 1.2.
- the second environmental stimulus of the present invention is also a stimulus that changes the growth environment of a plant discontinuously and all at once. That is, until the environmental stimulus is applied, the growth environment of the plant, which is typically a daytime of 30 ° C. or more and 14 hours long, is suddenly changed to an extremely low temperature. Therefore, the purpose of applying the second environmental stimulus of the present invention to the plant is not the same as that of the so-called dormancy breaking process. In other words, deciduous trees such as blueberries, cherry blossoms, peaches, and plums have a dormant period, and it is necessary to apply a low temperature for a certain period of time to break the dormancy.
- the second environmental stimulus of the present invention can be applied separately from the first environmental stimulus of the present invention if desired.
- the plant is provided with the first environmental stimulus of the present invention.
- the second environmental stimulus of the present invention should be applied at the desired time.
- the second environmental stimulus may be applied immediately after the first environmental stimulus is applied.
- the second environmental stimulus of the present invention can be applied by placing the plant under a low temperature condition. Specifically, it is exemplified that the plant is placed in an environment with a temperature of 3 to 7 ° C. It can be seen that such temperature conditions correspond to the climate of the severe winter season in Tokyo.
- the period of applying the second environmental stimulus of the present invention is preferably about 15 to 45 days, preferably about 30 days.
- the description of the first environmental stimulus of the present invention is applied as it is.
- limiting in particular about day length It is preferable to make all into a dark period.
- the third environmental stimulus of the present invention is for placing under the environment suitable for the buds of both leaf buds and flower buds, and causing the occurrence of foliage and subsequent flowering / fruiting. That is, after applying the first and second environmental stimuli, the plants are placed under conditions of about 16 to 23 ° C. as the temperature and about 10 to 11 hours as the day length to promote germination. Typically, in the blueberry to which the first and second environmental stimuli of the present invention are applied, the leaf buds sprout and the foliage develops in the branch buds in about 15 to 30 days after the third environmental stimulus of the present invention. . The blueberries given the third environmental stimulus of the present invention bloomed in the top buds of the resulting branches and several buds therebelow in about 30 to 60 days.
- the timing for giving the third environmental stimulus of the present invention to the plant is not particularly limited as long as it is after the first and second environmental stimuli, but still more systematic flowering, fruiting and harvesting. Therefore, the third environmental stimulus of the present invention should be given at an appropriate time from that viewpoint.
- the third environmental stimulus may be applied immediately after the second environmental stimulus is applied.
- the third environmental stimulus of the present invention can be regarded as the weather conditions in the autumn of Tokyo.
- the description of the first environmental stimulus of the present invention is directly applied.
- Target Plant The present invention can be suitably applied to so-called seasonal blueberries, cherries, peaches, plums, apples, and the like. However, as described in Examples below, it was also shown that by applying the environmental stimulus of the present invention, continuous flowering and fruiting cultivation can be carried out while growing the foliage in the strawberry strain after the harvest. Accordingly, examples of the plant that can be the subject of the present invention include raspberries.
- First Environmental Stimulation 1-A The day length of the glass room was 8 hours, the light temperature was 25-30 ° C., and the dark temperature was 15-20 ° C. However, the temperature in the light period was set so as not to fall below 25 ° C.
- the room set in this environment is referred to as ⁇ first room A>.
- 1-B The day length of the artificial light type closed environment room was 8 hours, the light temperature was 25-28 ° C, and the dark temperature was 16-18 ° C.
- the indoor CO 2 concentration was 0.04 to 0.08%, and the relative humidity was 50 to 90%.
- the room set in this environment is referred to as ⁇ first room B>. II.
- the day length of the second environmental stimulation artificial light type closed environment room was set to 0 hours, and the air temperature was set to 3 to 7 ° C.
- the indoor CO 2 concentration was 0.04 to 0.08%, and the relative humidity was 70 to 100%.
- the room set in this environment is referred to as ⁇ second room>.
- the day length of the third environment-stimulated artificial light type closed environment room was 8 to 11 hours, the light temperature was 21 to 26 ° C, and the dark temperature was 14 to 16 ° C.
- the indoor CO 2 concentration was 0.04 to 0.08%, and the relative humidity was 50 to 90%.
- the room set in this environment is referred to as ⁇ third room>.
- the day length of the other environmentally treated glass rooms was 14 hours, the light temperature was 25-32 ° C, and the dark temperature was 18-25 ° C.
- the room set in this environment is referred to as ⁇ fourth room>.
- Example 1 In early July immediately after harvesting the fruit (day length 14 hours, maximum temperature around 28 ° C, minimum temperature around 20 ° C), move to ⁇ First Room A> and let it grow for 67 days. It was. Thereafter, the plant was immediately moved to ⁇ second chamber> and allowed to grow for 30 days. Thereafter, the plant was immediately moved to ⁇ third room>.
- Example 2 At the end of August after harvesting the fruits (the day length is 13 hours, the maximum temperature is around 30 ° C, the minimum temperature is around 20 ° C), move to ⁇ Room 1A> and grow for 30 days. It was. Thereafter, the plant was immediately moved to ⁇ second room> and allowed to grow for 45 days. Thereafter, the plant was immediately moved to ⁇ third room>.
- Example 3 The plant was moved to ⁇ Room 1B> in early July, right after harvesting the fruit, and allowed to grow for 80 days. Flowering was seen from the shoots at the top of the new treetop and the upper part of the treetop. When pollinated by bumblebees, normal fruits matured and harvested from early December.
- FIGS. The growth situation of the plant after the above treatment is shown in FIGS. As mentioned above, in the period from September to December, the flowering started from the end of September, and the harvest could be started in early December. The emergence of new shoots was from mid-December.
- Reference example 1 In this reference example, the plant moved to the ⁇ second room> in late August (13 hours long, maximum temperature around 30 ° C., minimum temperature around 20 ° C.) after the test plant had formed flower buds. This shows the case where the plant was grown for 60 days and immediately moved to ⁇ third room> and grown for 60 days.
- Reference example 2 This reference example shows a case in which the plant under test moved to ⁇ Room 1B> and grew for 120 days in late August after the flower buds were formed.
- Comparative Example 1 This comparative example shows a case where the test plant moved to ⁇ first room A> in the end of August after the formation of flower buds and was grown for 120 days.
- Comparative Example 2 This comparative example shows a case where the plant is moved to ⁇ fourth room> and grown for 140 days in early July immediately after harvesting the fruit from the test plant.
- Comparative Example 3 This comparative example shows the case where the test plant is grown under natural conditions (FIGS. 15 and 16). All leaves are colored.
- Example 4 This example shows the results of applying the present invention to other plants.
- the test plants used were strawberry varieties 'Tochiotome' and 'Akihime'.
- the plant was planted in a pot and forced to grow in a glass chamber in Fuchu City, Tokyo until the start of the experiment.
- test plant was moved to ⁇ third room> in the beginning of May after harvesting the fruit and allowed to grow as it was for 195 days. Moreover, the thing cultivated continuously in the glass room was used as a control.
- the yield per share during the period was 5 to 8 times higher in the Examples than in the control group.
- the present invention is useful as a technique for freely controlling the timing of flowering and foliage growth during crop cultivation. Therefore, the present invention can be used in agriculture-related fields.
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Abstract
Description
[1]花芽分化、葉芽分化又はその双方を制御するための第1の環境刺激を植物に対して与えることを含む、植物の栽培方法、
である。
[2]前記第1の環境刺激が果実の収穫直後に与えられる、上記[1]の方法、
である。
[3]前記第1の環境刺激が、植物を気温16~40℃且つ日長8~13時間の環境下に置くことで与えられる、上記[1]又は[2]の方法、
[4]気温を16~23℃とし、それにより花芽の発達が促進される、上記[3]の方法、
[5]明期の気温を25℃以上とし、それにより新梢の生長に伴って葉芽の分化数が促進される、上記[3]の方法、
[6]日長を12~13時間とし、それにより葉芽が形成される割合が高くなる、上記[3]の方法、及び
[7]日長を8~10時間とし、それにより花芽の分化の割合が高くなる、上記[3]の方法
である。
[8]明期の温度を25℃以上とし、日長を8~10時間とする、上記[3]の方法、
が含まれる。
[9]更に、花芽、葉芽又はその双方の萌芽時期を制御するための第2の環境刺激を植物に対して与えることを含む、上記[1]乃至[8]のいずれかの方法、及び
[10]前記第2の環境刺激が、植物を気温3~7℃の環境下に置くことで与えられる、上記[9]の方法、
である。
[11]更に、葉芽の萌芽及び花芽の萌芽、茎葉の発生、開花及び結実に適した環境下に植物を置くことによる第3の環境刺激を植物に対して与えることを含む、上記[9]又は[10]の方法、及び
[12]前記環境刺激が、気温16~23℃且つ日長8~11時間である、上記[11]の方法、
である。
[13]果実の生産方法であって、以下の、
1)果実の収穫直後に、植物を気温16~40℃且つ日長8~13時間の環境下に置く工程;
2)上記1)の工程の後、植物を気温3~7℃の環境下に置く工程;及び
3)上記2)の工程の後、植物を気温16~23℃且つ日長8~11時間の環境下に置く工程;
を含む、前記方法、及び
[14]前記1)の環境が、明期の温度を25℃以上とし、日長を8~10時間とした環境である、上記[13]の方法である。
[15]上記1)の工程の期間が30~90日であり、上記2)の期間が15~45日であり、上記3)の期間が15日以上である、上記[13]又は[14]の方法、
である。
本発明では、花芽分化、葉芽分化又はその双方を制御するための第1の環境刺激が植物に対して与えられる。言い換えると、当該刺激は、少なくとも花芽分化が完了する前に与えられることが必要である。なお、より正確に言うと、当該刺激は葉原基が花芽に転換する前ということである。花芽に転換(分化)しなかった葉原基は、そのまま葉芽に分化する。
本発明の第2の環境刺激もまた、植物の生育環境を不連続的に且つ一挙に変更する刺激である。つまり、当該環境刺激を与える前までは、典型的には昼間30℃以上、14時間の日長であった植物の生育環境を、いきなり極端な低温に変更するのである。しかして、植物に対して本発明の第2の環境刺激を与える目的は、所謂休眠打破処理のそれと同一ではない。すなわち、ブルーベリーや桜、桃、梅などの落葉樹には休眠期が存在し、休眠打破には一定期間低温にあたることが必要とされる。このことを低温要求時間と言い、この低温要求時間が満たされないと、萌芽の不良が起きるのであるが、本発明の第2の環境刺激は、そのような低温要求時間などとは独立して、花芽、葉芽又はその双方の萌芽時期を制御し得ることが見出された。
本発明の第3の環境刺激は、葉芽と花芽の両方の萌芽に適切な環境下におき、茎葉の発生とそれに続く開花・結実を行わせるためのものである。つまり、前記第1及び第2の環境刺激を与えた後で、植物を、気温として約16~23℃且つ日長として約10~11時間の条件下に置き、萌芽を促進させる。典型的に、本発明の第1及び第2の環境刺激を与えたブルーベリーでは、本発明の第3の環境刺激から15~30日程度で結果枝のえき芽において葉芽が萌芽し茎葉が発育する。そして、本発明の第3の環境刺激を与えられたブルーベリーは、30~60日程度で、結果枝の頂芽およびその下の数芽において開花した。
本発明は、いわゆる一季成りのブルーベリー、さくらんぼ、桃、梅、林檎などに好適に適用できる。しかしながら、後記実施例のとおり、本発明の環境刺激を与えることにより、収穫終了後のイチゴ株において、夏季に茎葉を発育させながらの連続開花・結実栽培が可能なことも示された。従って、本発明の対象とできる植物としては、ラズベリーなども挙げることができる。
<供試植物> ブルーベリー、サザンハイブッシュ種、品種‘Misty’を用いた。当該植物を鉢に植え、実験の開始前まで東京都府中市の自然環境下(東京の野外)で生育させた。
<実験施設> 本発明の第1乃至3の環境刺激を植物に与えるために、特開2011-120555号公報や特開2011-150557号公報に記載されたシステムに相当する設備を有する、東京農工大学先進植物工場研究施設内のガラス室又は人工光型閉鎖環境室を用いた。
<環境条件> 上記のガラス室又は人工光型閉鎖環境室を、次の気温及び日長条件に設定した。
I.第1の環境刺激
1-A) ガラス室の日長を8時間とし、明期の気温を25~30℃で暗期の気温を15~20℃とした。但し、明期の気温は25℃を下回らないように設定した。以下、本環境に設定した室を<第1A室>という。
1-B) 人工光型閉鎖環境室の日長を8時間とし、明期の気温を25~28℃で暗期の気温を16~18℃とした。なお、室内のCO2濃度は0.04~0.08%、相対湿度は50~90%であった。以下、本環境に設定した室を<第1B室>という。
II.第2の環境刺激
人工光型閉鎖環境室の日長を0時間とし、気温を3~7℃とした。なお、室内のCO2濃度は0.04~0.08%、相対湿度は70~100%であった。以下、本環境に設定した室を<第2室>という。
III.第3の環境刺激
人工光型閉鎖環境室の日長を8~11時間とし、明期の気温を21~26℃で暗期の気温を14~16℃とした。なお、室内のCO2濃度は0.04~0.08%、相対湿度は50~90%であった。以下、本環境に設定した室を<第3室>という。
IV.その他の環境処理
ガラス室の日長を14時間とし、明期の気温を25~32℃で暗期の気温を18~25℃とした。以下、本環境に設定した室を<第4室>という。
供試植物を、その果実を収穫した直後の7月上旬(日長14時間、最高気温28℃前後、最低気温20℃前後)に、<第1A室>へと移動し、そのまま67日間生育させた。その後、植物を直ちに<第2室>へと移動し、そのまま30日間生育させた。更にその後、植物を直ちに<第3室>へと移動させた。
供試植物を、その果実を収穫した後の8月下旬(日長13時間、最高気温30℃前後、最低気温20℃前後)に、<第1A室>へと移動し、そのまま30日間生育させた。その後、植物を直ちに<第2室>へと移動し、そのまま45日間生育させた。更にその後、植物を直ちに<第3室>へと移動させた。
供試植物を、その果実を収穫した直後の7月上旬に、<第1B室>へと移動し、そのまま80日間成育させたところすべての新梢先端および新梢上部の腋芽から開花がみられ、マルハナバチによって受粉させたところ、12月上旬から正常な果実が成熟し収穫できた。
本参考例は、供試植物が花芽を形成させた後である8月下旬(日長13時間、最高気温30℃前後、最低気温20℃前後)に<第2室>へと移動し、そのまま60日間生育させた後、直ちに<第3室>へと移動して60日間生育させた場合を示している。
本参考例は、供試植物が花芽を形成させた後である8月下旬に<第1B室>へと移動して120日間生育させた場合を示している。
本比較例は、供試植物が花芽を形成させた後である8月下旬に<第1A室>へと移動して120日間生育させた場合を示している。
本比較例は、供試植物から果実を収穫した直後の7月上旬に<第4室>へと移動して140日間生育させた場合を示している。
本比較例は、供試植物を自然条件下で生育させた場合を示している(図15及び16)。葉は全て紅葉している。
本実施例は、他の植物に対して本発明を適用した結果を示す。供試植物は、イチゴ品種‘とちおとめ’および‘章姫’を用いた。当該植物を鉢に植え、実験の開始前まで東京都府中市のガラス室内で促成栽培させた。
Claims (15)
- 花芽分化、葉芽分化又はその双方を制御するための第1の環境刺激を植物に対して与えることを含む、植物の栽培方法。
- 前記第1の環境刺激が果実の収穫直後に与えられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の環境刺激が、植物を気温16~40℃且つ日長8~13時間の環境下に置くことで与えられる、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 気温を16~23℃且つ日長8~10時間とし、それにより花芽への発達が促進される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 明期の気温を25℃以上とし、それにより新梢の生長に伴って葉芽の分化数が促進される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 日長を12~13時間とし、それにより葉芽が形成される割合が高くなる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 日長を8~10時間とし、それにより花芽の分化の割合が高くなる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 明期の温度を25℃以上とし、日長を8~10時間とする、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 更に、花芽、葉芽又はその双方の萌芽時期を制御するための第2の環境刺激を植物に対して与えることを含む、請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の環境刺激が、植物を気温3~7℃の環境下に置くことで与えられる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 更に、葉芽の萌芽及び花芽の萌芽、茎葉の発生、開花及び結実に適した環境下に植物を置くことによる第3の環境刺激を植物に対して与えることを含む、請求項9又は10に記載の方法。
- 前記環境刺激が、気温16~23℃且つ日長8~11時間である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 果実の生産方法であって、以下の、
1)果実の収穫直後に、植物を気温16~40℃且つ日長8~13時間の環境下に置く工程;
2)上記1)の工程の後、植物を気温3~7℃の環境下に置く工程;及び
3)上記2)の工程の後、植物を気温16~23℃且つ日長8~11時間の環境下に置く工程;
を含む、前記方法。 - 前記1)の環境が、明期の温度を25℃以上とし、日長を8~10時間とした環境である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 上記1)の工程の期間が30~90日であり、上記2)の期間が15~45日であり、上記3)の期間が15日以上である、請求項13又は14に記載の方法。
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CN115349435A (zh) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-18 | 宿迁市绿港现代农业研究院有限公司 | 一种设施半无土种植网纹甜瓜二茬瓜关键栽培技术 |
CN115349435B (zh) * | 2022-08-04 | 2023-06-30 | 宿迁市绿港现代农业研究院有限公司 | 一种设施半无土种植网纹甜瓜二茬瓜关键栽培技术 |
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EP2979539A1 (en) | 2016-02-03 |
EP2979539B1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
JPWO2014156939A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
JP6418697B2 (ja) | 2018-11-07 |
US20160044871A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
US10076083B2 (en) | 2018-09-18 |
SG11201507724UA (en) | 2015-10-29 |
EP2979539A4 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
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