WO2014154092A1

WO2014154092A1 - Friction nanogenerator and gyroscope

Info

Publication number: WO2014154092A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/073305
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王中林
Original assignee: 国家纳米科学中心
Priority date: 2013-03-29
Filing date: 2014-03-12
Publication date: 2014-10-02
Also published as: CN103780126B; CN103780126A

Abstract

Provided are a friction nanogenerator and gyroscope using the same, the friction nanogenerator comprising an inner core, and a shell surrounding the inner core; the outer surface of the inner core is provided with multiple first friction units, and the inner surface of the shell is provided with multiple second friction units, the upper surfaces of the first friction units facing the upper surfaces of the second friction units or the inner surface of the shell; at least some of the first friction units do not contact the second friction units; and the inner core reciprocates relative to the shell under an external force (impact force), such that the upper surface of at least one first friction unit mutually contacts and separates from the upper surface of at least one second friction unit, so as to generate an electrical signal between a first conductive unit and a second conductive unit. The friction nanogenerator can convert mechanical energy generated by vibration, impact, wind power, or tide, and the like into electric energy, and can also serve as a self-driven gyroscope in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space.

Description

摩擦纳米发电机和陀螺仪 Friction nanogenerator and gyroscope

技术领域 Technical field

本发明涉及能量转化领域，特别涉及一种将机械能转化为电能的摩擦纳米发电机，以及应用摩擦纳米发电机的陀螺仪。背景技术 The present invention relates to the field of energy conversion, and more particularly to a friction nano-motor that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, and a gyroscope that uses a friction nano-generator. Background technique

在微电子和材料技术高速发展的今日，大量新型具有多种功能和高度集成化的微型电子器件不断被开发出来，并在人们日常生活的各个领域展现出前所未有的应用前景。然而，和这些微型电子器件所匹配的电源***的研究却相对滞后，一般说来，这些微型电子器件的电源都是直接或者间接来自于电池。电池不仅体积较大、质量较重，而且含有的有毒化学物质对环境和人体存在潜在的危害。因此，开发出能将运动、振动等自然存在的机械能转化为电能的技术具有极其重要的意义。 Today, with the rapid development of microelectronics and materials technology, a large number of new microelectronic devices with multiple functions and highly integrated technologies have been developed and presented an unprecedented application prospect in various fields of daily life. However, the research on power systems matched with these microelectronic devices has lagged behind. Generally speaking, the power sources of these microelectronic devices are directly or indirectly derived from batteries. The battery is not only large in size, but also heavy in quality, and contains toxic chemicals that are potentially harmful to the environment and human body. Therefore, it has been extremely important to develop a technology that converts naturally occurring mechanical energy such as motion and vibration into electrical energy.

但是，目前能将上述机械能有效地转化为电能的发电机均是以电磁感应为基础的，由水轮机、汽轮机、柴油机或其它动力机械驱动，将水流，气流，燃料燃烧或原子核裂变产生的能量转化为机械能传给发电机，再由发电机转换为电能加以利用。这些发电机都需要相对集中、大强度的能量输入，而对于人们日常活动中产生的以及自然界存在的强度较小的动能，基本都无法将其有效的转化为电能。同时，传统发电机的体积较大、结构复杂，无法作为微型电子器件的供电元件使用。发明内容 However, current generators that can effectively convert these mechanical energy into electrical energy are based on electromagnetic induction and are driven by turbines, steam turbines, diesel engines or other power machinery to convert energy generated by water flow, gas flow, fuel combustion or nuclear fission. The mechanical energy is transmitted to the generator, which is then converted into electrical energy for use. These generators all require relatively concentrated, high-intensity energy input, and the kinetic energy generated by people's daily activities and with less intensity in nature cannot be effectively converted into electrical energy. At the same time, conventional generators are bulky and complex in structure and cannot be used as power supply components for microelectronic devices. Summary of the invention

为了克服现有技术中的上述问题，本发明提供一种摩擦纳米发电机，可以用来回收震动、冲击、风力或海潮等产生的机械能量，能够将施加在摩擦纳米发电机上的机械能转化为电能。 In order to overcome the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a friction nano-generator which can be used to recover mechanical energy generated by vibration, impact, wind or tide, and can convert mechanical energy applied to a friction nano-generator into electrical energy. .

为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种摩擦纳米发电机，包括内芯和围绕所述内芯的外壳，所述内芯的外表面上设置有若干个第一导电单元，每个所述第一导电单元上表面接触设置第一摩擦单元；所述外壳的内表面上设置有若干个第二导电单元，每个所述第二导电单元上表面接触设置第二摩擦单元；所述第一摩擦单元的上表面面向所述第二摩擦单元的上表面或所述外壳的内表面；所述内芯的外表面与所述外壳的内表面均为绝缘表面；在外力作用下，所述内芯相对于所述外壳可以往复运动，使至少一个所述第一摩擦单元的上表面与至少一个第二摩擦单元的上表面相互接触后，沿着与相互接触表面的切线垂直的方向分离，在所述第一导电单元与第二导电单元之间产生电信号。优选的，所述内芯为实心或空心柱体，所述第一摩擦单元设置在所述内芯的外侧面。 To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a friction nanogenerator comprising an inner core and an outer casing surrounding the inner core, the inner core having a plurality of first conductive units disposed on an outer surface thereof, each of the first a first friction unit is disposed on the upper surface of the conductive unit; a plurality of second conductive units are disposed on the inner surface of the outer casing, and a second friction unit is disposed on the upper surface of each of the second conductive units; the first friction unit The upper surface faces the upper surface of the second friction unit or the inner surface of the outer casing; the outer surface of the inner core and the inner surface of the outer casing are both insulating surfaces; under the action of an external force, the inner core is opposite The outer casing may be reciprocated such that after the upper surface of the at least one first friction unit and the upper surface of the at least one second friction unit are in contact with each other, separated in a direction perpendicular to a tangent to the mutually contacting surface, An electrical signal is generated between the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit. Preferably, the inner core is a solid or hollow cylinder, and the first friction unit is disposed on an outer side surface of the inner core.

优选的，在垂直于所述内芯的外侧面的轴线方向的截面形成的图形选自圆形、椭圆形或多边形。 Preferably, the pattern formed by the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the outer side surface of the inner core is selected from a circle, an ellipse or a polygon.

优选的，所述多边形选自等边三角形、正方形、正六边形、正五边形和正八边形。 Preferably, the polygon is selected from the group consisting of an equilateral triangle, a square, a regular hexagon, a regular pentagon, and a regular octagon.

优选的，所述外壳为围绕所述内芯的筒状，所述内芯与所述外壳的延伸方向基本相同。 Preferably, the outer casing is in the shape of a cylinder surrounding the inner core, and the inner core and the outer casing extend substantially in the same direction.

优选的，所述筒状的内侧面为与所述内芯的外侧面形状相同的封闭柱面。优选的，所述外壳的内表面为非闭合柱面。 Preferably, the inner side surface of the cylindrical shape is a closed cylindrical surface having the same shape as the outer side surface of the inner core. Preferably, the inner surface of the outer casing is a non-closed cylinder.

优选的，多个所述第一摩擦单元与多个所述第二摩擦单元对应设置，使内芯与外壳相对运动时一个第一摩擦单元仅与一个第二摩擦单元接触。 Preferably, a plurality of the first friction units are disposed corresponding to the plurality of second friction units such that a first friction unit is in contact with only one second friction unit when the inner core and the outer casing are relatively moved.

优选的，若干个所述第一摩擦单元沿着垂直于所述内芯的轴线方向排列；所有所述第二摩擦单元沿着垂直于所述内芯外侧面的轴线方向排列。 Preferably, a plurality of said first friction units are arranged along an axis direction perpendicular to said inner core; all of said second friction units are arranged along an axial direction perpendicular to an outer side of said inner core.

优选的，所述内芯与外壳通过若干个弹性部件连接；每个所述弹性部件的顶端连接在所述内芯，底端连接在所述外壳。 Preferably, the inner core and the outer casing are connected by a plurality of elastic members; the top end of each of the elastic members is connected to the inner core, and the bottom end is connected to the outer casing.

优选的，所述内芯采用轴对称的圆柱、椭圆柱或棱柱，所述外壳采用轴对称的圆柱壳、椭圆柱壳或棱柱壳，未施加所述外力时，若干个所述弹性部件使任何所述第一摩擦单元未与所述第二摩擦单元接触。 Preferably, the inner core adopts an axisymmetric cylinder, an elliptical cylinder or a prism, and the outer casing adopts an axisymmetric cylindrical shell, an elliptical cylinder shell or a prism shell. When the external force is not applied, a plurality of the elastic components make any The first friction unit is not in contact with the second friction unit.

优选的，若干个所述第一摩擦单元均匀分布在所述内芯的外表面。 Preferably, a plurality of the first friction units are evenly distributed on an outer surface of the inner core.

优选的，所述内芯的外侧面为圆柱面，所述圆柱面上接触设置了给定数量的所述第一摩擦单元； Preferably, the outer side surface of the inner core is a cylindrical surface, and the cylindrical surface is contacted with a given number of the first friction units;

所述外壳的内表面为圆柱面，并且直径大于所述内芯外侧面的直径，所述第二摩擦单元的个数与所述第一摩擦单元个数相等； The inner surface of the outer casing is a cylindrical surface, and the diameter is larger than the diameter of the outer side surface of the inner core, and the number of the second friction units is equal to the number of the first friction units;

受到所述外力作用时，一个所述第一摩擦单元仅与一个所述第二摩擦单元接触和 /或摩擦。 One of the first friction units is only in contact with and/or rubbed by one of the second friction units when subjected to the external force.

优选的，所述内芯的外侧面为棱柱面，所述棱柱面的每个侧面上设置有所述第一摩擦单元； Preferably, the outer side surface of the inner core is a prism surface, and the first friction unit is disposed on each side of the prism surface;

所述外壳的内表面形状与所述内芯外侧面相同，横截面面积大于所述内芯横截面面积，所述外壳的内表面上与所述第一摩擦单元对应位置设置所述第二摩擦单元； The inner surface of the outer casing has the same shape as the outer surface of the inner core, and the cross-sectional area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the inner core, and the second friction is disposed on the inner surface of the outer casing corresponding to the position of the first friction unit. Unit

优选的，所述外壳上还包括外盖，使所述内芯、第一导电单元、第一摩擦单元、第二导电单元和第二摩擦单元都被所述外壳与外盖密封。优选的，所述内芯为空心或实心的球体、不规则球体、椭球体、多面体或柱体。 Preferably, the outer casing further comprises an outer cover, so that the inner core, the first conductive unit, the first friction unit, the second conductive unit and the second friction unit are both sealed by the outer casing and the outer cover. Preferably, the inner core is a hollow or solid sphere, an irregular sphere, an ellipsoid, a polyhedron or a cylinder.

优选的，所述外壳为封闭结构，所述外壳的内表面为封闭的球面、不规则球面、椭球面、多棱面或柱面。 Preferably, the outer casing is a closed structure, and the inner surface of the outer casing is a closed spherical surface, an irregular spherical surface, an ellipsoidal surface, a polygonal surface or a cylindrical surface.

优选的，所述内芯的外表面为球面或椭球面，多个所述第一摩擦单元均匀分布在所述内芯的外表面。 Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, and a plurality of the first friction units are evenly distributed on an outer surface of the inner core.

优选的，多个所述第一摩擦单元在所述内芯外表面的周长最大圆周或椭圆周上均匀分布。 Preferably, a plurality of said first friction units are evenly distributed over a maximum circumference or an elliptical circumference of a circumference of said outer surface of said inner core.

优选的，所述内芯的外表面包括多个平面，所述多个平面形成的结构为四棱柱或八棱柱，在每个所述平面都设置有第一摩擦单元。 Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core comprises a plurality of planes, and the plurality of planes are formed by a quadrangular prism or an octagonal prism, and a first friction unit is disposed in each of the planes.

优选的，所述外壳的内表面形状与所述内芯的外表面相同；所述第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元对应设置。 Preferably, the inner surface of the outer casing has the same shape as the outer surface of the inner core; the first friction unit is disposed corresponding to the second friction unit.

优选的，所述内芯的外表面为球面或椭球面，所述外壳的内表面为球面或椭球面； Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core is a spherical or ellipsoidal surface, and the inner surface of the outer casing is a spherical or ellipsoidal surface;

未施加所述外力时，所述内芯的外表面的中心位置与所述外壳的内表面的中心位置重合。 When the external force is not applied, the center position of the outer surface of the inner core coincides with the center position of the inner surface of the outer casing.

优选的，所述内芯的外表面为球面或椭球面，所述外壳的内表面为柱面；未施加所述外力时，所述内芯基本位于所述外壳的中部。 Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, and the inner surface of the outer casing is a cylindrical surface; when the external force is not applied, the inner core is substantially located in the middle of the outer casing.

优选的，所述第一摩擦单元与所述第二摩擦单元对应设置，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面面积小于等于所述第二摩擦单元的上表面面积，在所述外力作用下，使至少一个所述第一摩擦单元的上表面完全与一个所述第二摩擦单元的上表面相互接触和 /或摩擦。 Preferably, the first friction unit is disposed corresponding to the second friction unit, and an upper surface area of the first friction unit is less than or equal to an upper surface area of the second friction unit, and under the external force, The upper surface of at least one of the first friction units is completely in contact with and/or rubbed with the upper surface of one of the second friction units.

优选的，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面与所述第二摩擦单元的上表面为互补图形。 Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction unit and the upper surface of the second friction unit have complementary patterns.

优选的，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面和 /或第二摩擦单元的上表面分布有微米或次微米量级的微结构，或者纳米材料的点缀或涂层。 Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction unit and/or the upper surface of the second friction unit are distributed with microstructures on the order of micrometers or submicron, or embellishments or coatings of nanomaterials.

优选的，所述微结构选自纳米线、纳米管、纳米颗粒、纳米沟槽、微米沟槽、纳米锥、微米锥、纳米球和微米球状结构。 Preferably, the microstructure is selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, microcones, nanospheres, and microspheres.

优选的，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面的材料和所述第二摩擦单元的上表面的材料之间存在摩擦电极序差异。 Preferably, there is a friction electrode sequence difference between the material of the upper surface of the first friction unit and the material of the upper surface of the second friction unit.

优选的，所述第一摩擦单元面向所述壳体的表面材料和 /或所述第二摩擦单元面向所述芯部的表面材料为绝缘材料或半导体材料。优选的，所述绝缘材料选自苯胺甲醛树脂、聚甲醛、乙基纤维素、聚酰胺 11、聚酰胺 6-6、羊毛及其编织物、蚕丝及其织物、纸、聚乙二醇丁二酸酯、纤维素、纤维素醋酸酯、聚乙二醇己二酸酯、聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、再生纤维素海绵、棉及其织物、聚氨酯弹性体、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯 -丁二烯共聚物、木头、硬橡胶、醋酸酯、人造纤维、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯醇、聚酯（涤纶）、聚异丁烯、聚氨酯弹性海绵、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、氯丁橡胶、天然橡胶、聚丙烯腈、聚 (偏氯乙烯 -co-丙烯腈)、聚双酚 A碳酸酯、聚氯醚、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚（2,6 - 二甲基聚亚苯基氧化物）、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚二苯基丙烷碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺、聚氯乙烯、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚三氟氯乙烯和聚四氟乙烯；所述半导体材料选自硅、锗、第 III和第 V族化合物、第 II和第 VI族化合物、由 III-V族化合物和 π-νι族化合物组成的固溶体、非晶态的玻璃半导体和有机半导体。 Preferably, the surface material of the first friction unit facing the casing and/or the surface material of the second friction unit facing the core is an insulating material or a semiconductor material. Preferably, the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, wool and its woven fabric, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol butyl Acid ester, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and its fabric, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymerization , styrene-butadiene copolymer, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester (polyester), polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, poly-p-phenylene Ethylene glycolate, polyvinyl butyral, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polybisphenol A carbonic acid Ester, polychloroether, polyvinylidene chloride, poly(2,6-dimethylpolyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiphenylpropane carbonate, polyparaphenylene Ethylene glycol dicarboxylate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride Polydimethylsiloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene; the semiconductor material is selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, Group III and Group V compounds, Group II and Group VI compounds, Group III-V A solid solution composed of a compound and a π-νι group compound, an amorphous glass semiconductor, and an organic semiconductor.

优选的，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面和 /或第二摩擦单元的上表面经过化学改性，使得在所述第一摩擦单元的上表面材料引入容易得到电子的官能团和 /或在所述第二摩擦单元的上表面材料引入容易失去电子的官能团。 Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction unit and/or the upper surface of the second friction unit are chemically modified such that the upper surface material of the first friction unit introduces a functional group that easily acquires electrons and/or The upper surface material of the second friction unit introduces a functional group that easily loses electrons.

优选的，所述容易失去电子的官能团包括氨基、羟基或烷氧基；所述容易得到电子的官能团包括酰基、羧基、硝基或磺酸基。 Preferably, the functional group which easily loses electrons includes an amino group, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group; and the functional group which easily obtains an electron includes an acyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group or a sulfonic acid group.

优选的，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面和 /或第二摩擦单元的下表面经过化学改性，使得在所述第一摩擦单元的上表面材料引入负电荷和 /或在所述第二摩擦单元的上表面材料弓 I入正电荷。 Preferably, the upper surface of the first friction unit and/or the lower surface of the second friction unit are chemically modified such that a material on the upper surface of the first friction unit introduces a negative charge and/or in the second The upper surface material of the friction unit is positively charged.

优选的，用导电材料替换绝缘材料或半导体材料制备所述第一摩擦单元或第二摩擦单元。 Preferably, the first friction unit or the second friction unit is prepared by replacing the insulating material or the semiconductor material with a conductive material.

优选的，构成所述第一摩擦单元或第二摩擦单元的所述导电材料选自金属、导电氧化物和导电高分子。 Preferably, the conductive material constituting the first friction unit or the second friction unit is selected from the group consisting of a metal, a conductive oxide, and a conductive polymer.

优选的，所述第一导电单元和第二导电单元选自金属、导电氧化物和导电高分子。 Preferably, the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit are selected from the group consisting of metals, conductive oxides, and conductive high molecules.

优选的，所述金属选自金、银、铂、铝、镍、铜、钛、铬或硒，以及由上述金属形成的合金。 Preferably, the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals.

优选的，所述第一摩擦单元和 /或第二摩擦单元为薄膜或薄片。 Preferably, the first friction unit and/or the second friction unit is a film or a sheet.

优选的，所述第一摩擦单元和 /或第二摩擦单元为柔性材料。 Preferably, the first friction unit and/or the second friction unit are flexible materials.

优选的，所述第一摩擦单元和 /或第二摩擦单元为硬性材料。 Preferably, the first friction unit and/or the second friction unit are hard materials.

优选的，所述第一导电单元和 /或第二导电单元为薄膜或薄片。 Preferably, the first conductive unit and/or the second conductive unit is a film or a sheet.

优选的，所述内芯和 /或外壳为柔性的。 Preferably, the inner core and/or outer casing are flexible.

优选的，所述内芯和 /或外壳为硬质的。相应的，本发明还提供一种陀螺仪，包括所述的摩擦纳米发电机和感应记录装置，其中， Preferably, the inner core and/or outer casing are rigid. Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a gyroscope comprising the friction nano-generator and an inductive recording device, wherein

所述摩擦纳米发电机的第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元对应设置； The first friction unit of the friction nano-generator is disposed corresponding to the second friction unit;

所述感应记录装置为多通路电信号记录装置，摩擦纳米发电机中对应设置的第一导电单元和第二导电单元分别连接至感应记录装置一个通路的两个输入端；当对应设置的第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元互相接触和分离并产生电荷转移时，分别与第一摩擦单元和第二摩擦单元接触的第一导电单元与第二导电单元之间产生的电信号被感应记录装置记录。 The inductive recording device is a multi-channel electrical signal recording device, and the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit correspondingly disposed in the friction nano-generator are respectively connected to two input ends of one path of the inductive recording device; When the friction unit and the second friction unit contact and separate from each other and generate charge transfer, electrical signals generated between the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit respectively contacting the first friction unit and the second friction unit are recorded by the inductive recording device. .

优选的，所述摩擦纳米发电机内芯的外表面具有球形对称结构。 Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core of the friction nanogenerator has a spherical symmetrical structure.

优选的，所述摩擦纳米发电机外壳的内表面具有球形对称结构。 Preferably, the inner surface of the friction nanogenerator housing has a spherical symmetrical structure.

优选的，未受到所述外力作用时，所述内芯外表面的中心与所述外壳内表面的中心基本重合。 Preferably, the center of the outer surface of the inner core substantially coincides with the center of the inner surface of the outer casing when not subjected to the external force.

与现有技术相比，本发明的摩擦纳米发电机具有下列优点： Compared with the prior art, the friction nanogenerator of the present invention has the following advantages:

1、可以实现能量的高效利用。本发明的摩擦纳米发电机中，内芯的外表面设置若干个第一摩擦单元，在围绕内芯的外壳内表面上设置若干个第二摩擦单元，在受到外力（震动、冲击、风力或海潮等产生的冲击力）时，内芯相对于外壳往复运动，使第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元互相接触和分离而在第一电极单元和第二电极单元之间产生电信号。这样的摩擦纳米发电机结构，不仅可以将固定方向的外力的机械能转变为电能，而且可以方便地将不同方向外力的机械能转变为电能，实现了能量的高效利用。特别可以应用在震动、冲击等产生的冲击力机械能的收集。 1. Efficient use of energy can be achieved. In the friction nanogenerator of the present invention, the outer surface of the inner core is provided with a plurality of first friction units, and a plurality of second friction units are disposed on the inner surface of the outer casing surrounding the inner core, and subjected to external force (vibration, impact, wind or tide) When the impact force is generated, the inner core reciprocates relative to the outer casing, causing the first friction unit and the second friction unit to contact and separate from each other to generate an electrical signal between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit. Such a friction nano-generator structure can not only convert the mechanical energy of the external force in a fixed direction into electric energy, but also can easily convert the mechanical energy of the external force in different directions into electric energy, thereby realizing efficient use of energy. In particular, it can be applied to the collection of impact mechanical energy generated by vibration, shock, and the like.

当外壳为密封结构时，使摩擦纳米发电机的发电过程不受周围环境的影响，因此还可以应用于风力、水流等环境下的发电。这是其它的设计不容易达到的一种独特结构。 When the outer casing is a sealed structure, the power generation process of the friction nano-generator is not affected by the surrounding environment, and therefore can also be applied to power generation in a wind, water flow or the like environment. This is a unique structure that is not easily achieved by other designs.

2、进行大规模的海潮发电。摩擦纳米发电机的外壳和 /或内芯采用柔性材料的设计，可实现利用水表面、浅水和深水的暗流发电。而且，多个摩擦纳米发电机的组合可以形成大功率的电源。 2. Conduct large-scale ocean tide power generation. The outer casing and/or inner core of the friction nanogenerator is designed with a flexible material to enable dark current generation using water surfaces, shallow water and deep water. Moreover, the combination of multiple frictional nano-generators can form a high power source.

3、结构简单、轻巧便携和高度兼容。本发明的摩擦纳米发电机无需磁铁、线圈、转子等部件，结构简单，制作方便、成本低廉。 3, simple structure, lightweight and portable and highly compatible. The friction nano-generator of the invention does not need magnets, coils, rotors and the like, has a simple structure, is convenient to manufacture, and has low cost.

4、新型传感器原理和应用上的新突破。本发明的摩擦纳米发电机中，根据内芯与外壳的相对运动方向使不同位置的第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元互相接触和分离，在第一导电单元与第二导电单元之间产生电信号，通过感应记录装置对该信号的记录可以感知外力的方向。因此，本发明提供的发电机可以是一 360° 或 4全方位立体的惯量和机械传感装置-陀螺仪，而且无需为陀螺仪提供电源，是一种自驱动陀螺仪。根据本发明提供的技术方案，可以制造出具有球型对称全方位定位和导航的***，应用于飞行器的自动控制、微机械和定位***等领域。附图说明 4. New breakthroughs in the principle and application of new sensors. In the friction nano-generator of the present invention, the first friction unit and the second friction unit at different positions are in contact with and separated from each other according to the relative movement direction of the inner core and the outer casing, and electricity is generated between the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit. The signal, the recording of the signal by the inductive recording device, can sense the direction of the external force. Therefore, the generator provided by the present invention can be a 360° or 4 omnidirectional three-dimensional inertia and mechanical sensing device-gyroscope, and does not need to supply power to the gyroscope. It is a self-driven gyroscope. According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, a system with spherical symmetric omnidirectional positioning and navigation can be manufactured, which is applied to the fields of automatic control, micro-mechanical and positioning systems of aircraft. DRAWINGS

通过附图所示，本发明的上述及其它目的、特征和优势将更加清晰。在全部附图中相同的附图标记指示相同的部分。并未刻意按实际尺寸等比例缩放绘制附图，重点在于示出本发明的主旨。 The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same parts. The drawing is not intended to be scaled to the actual size, and the emphasis is on the gist of the present invention.

图 1为本发明的摩擦纳米发电机的典型结构示意图； 1 is a schematic view showing a typical structure of a friction nano-generator of the present invention;

图 2为发电机中第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元接触时的结构示意图；图 3和图 4为发电机中内芯与外壳实现往复运动的连接方式示意图；图 5为本发明的摩擦纳米发电机的发电原理示意图； 2 is a schematic structural view of the first friction unit in the generator in contact with the second friction unit; FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are schematic diagrams showing the connection manner of the inner core and the outer casing reciprocating in the generator; FIG. Schematic diagram of the power generation principle of the generator;

图 6为实施例一中内芯沿着垂直轴线方向的截面示意图； Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inner core in the direction of the vertical axis in the first embodiment;

图 7和图 8为实施例一中发电机结构示意图； 7 and 8 are schematic views showing the structure of the generator in the first embodiment;

图 9和图 10为实施例一中采用不同结构内芯和外壳的发电机结构示意图；图 11为实施例一中包括外盖的发电机结构示意图； 9 and FIG. 10 are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a generator using different structures of the inner core and the outer casing in the first embodiment; FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the generator including the outer cover in the first embodiment;

图 12和图 13为实施例二中发电机的结构示意图； 12 and 13 are schematic structural views of a generator in the second embodiment;

图 14为本发明的陀螺仪的结构示意图。具体实施方式 Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the gyroscope of the present invention. detailed description

下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

其次，本发明结合示意图进行详细描述，在详述本发明实施例时，为便于说明，所述示意图只是示例，其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。 In the following, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are illustrated by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

本发明提供一种将运动、振动，风力，潮汐和水流等自然存在的机械能转化为电能的结构简单的摩擦纳米发电机。本发明的摩擦纳米发电机利用了在摩擦电极序中的极性存在差异的材料接触时产生表面电荷转移的现象。 The present invention provides a structurally simple friction nanogenerator that converts naturally occurring mechanical energy such as motion, vibration, wind, tide, and water into electrical energy. The frictional nanogenerator of the present invention utilizes a phenomenon in which surface charge transfer occurs upon contact of materials having different polarities in the triboelectric electrode sequence.

本发明中所述的 "摩擦电极序"，是指根据材料对电荷的吸引程度将其进行的排序，两种材料在相互接触摩擦的瞬间，在摩擦面上负电荷从摩擦电极序中极性较正的材料表面转移至摩擦电极序中极性较负的材料表面。迄今为止，还没有一种统一的理论能够完整的解释电荷转移的机制，一般认为，这种电荷转移和材料的表面功函数相关，通过电子或者离子在摩擦面上的转移而实现电荷转移。需要说明的是，摩擦电极序只是一种基于经验的统计结果，即两种材料在该序列中相差越远，接触后所产生电荷的正负性和该序列相符合的几率就越大，而且实际的结果受到多种因素的影响，比如材料表面粗糙度、环境湿度和是否有相对摩擦等。 The "friction electrode sequence" as used in the present invention refers to the order in which the material is attracted according to the degree of attraction of the material. At the instant when the two materials are in contact with each other, the negative charge on the friction surface is from the polarity of the friction electrode sequence. The surface of the corrected material is transferred to the surface of the material having a relatively negative polarity in the friction electrode sequence. So far, there is no unified theory that can fully explain the mechanism of charge transfer. It is generally believed that this charge transfer is related to the surface work function of the material, and the charge transfer is realized by the transfer of electrons or ions on the friction surface. It should be noted that the friction electrode sequence is only an empirically based statistical result, that is, the farther the difference between the two materials in the sequence, the greater the positive and negative charge generated after the contact and the probability of the sequence being coincident, and Actual The results are influenced by a number of factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity, and relative friction.

本发明中所述的"接触电荷"，是指在两种摩擦电极序极性存在差异的材料在接触摩擦并分离后其表面所带有的电荷，一般认为，该电荷只分布在材料的表面，分布最大深度不过约为 10纳米。需要说明的是，接触电荷的符号是净电荷的符号，即在带有正接触电荷的材料表面的局部地区可能存在负电荷的聚集区域，但整个表面净电荷的符号为正。 The term "contact charge" as used in the present invention refers to a charge carried on a surface of a material having a difference in polarity between two kinds of friction electrode electrodes after contact friction and separation, and it is generally considered that the charge is only distributed on the surface of the material. The maximum depth of distribution is only about 10 nanometers. It should be noted that the sign of the contact charge is a symbol of the net charge, that is, a concentrated region where a negative charge may exist in a local region of the surface of the material having a positive contact charge, but the sign of the net charge of the entire surface is positive.

为了便于理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图详细介绍本发明的具体实施方式。 In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

实施例一： Embodiment 1:

本发明的摩擦纳米发电机的一种典型基本结构，参见图 1，包括内芯 100和围绕内芯 100的外壳 200，内芯 100相对于外壳 200可以弹性运动，使内芯 100 的外表面与外壳 200的内表面之间的距离发生弹性变化，内芯 100的外表面上设置有若干个第一导电单元 101，每个第一导电单元 101上表面接触设置第一摩擦单元 102，即第一摩擦单元 102设置在内芯的外表面；外壳 200的内表面上设置有若干个第二导电单元 201，每个第二导电单元 201上表面接触设置的第二摩擦单元 202，即第二摩擦单元设置在外壳的内侧面；第一摩擦单元 102的上表面面向第二摩擦单元 202的上表面或外壳 200的内表面，或者第二摩擦单元 202的上表面面向第一摩擦单元 102的上表面或内芯 100的外表面；内芯 100的外表面与外壳 200的内表面均为绝缘表面；在外力作用下，外壳的内表面与内芯的外表面之间的距离发生变化，使至少一个第一摩擦单元 102 与至少一个第二摩擦单元 202相互接触和 /或摩擦，参见图 2，并发生表面电荷转移。由于内芯 100相对与外壳 200之间弹性运动，带动第一摩擦单元 102与第二摩擦单元 202接触之后分离，即第一摩擦单元 102的上表面与第二摩擦单元 202的上表面接触之后，沿着与相互接触表面的切线垂直的方向分离，在第一导电单元 101 与第二导电单元 201之间产生电信号输出。 A typical basic structure of the friction nanogenerator of the present invention, see FIG. 1, includes an inner core 100 and an outer casing 200 surrounding the inner core 100. The inner core 100 is elastically movable relative to the outer casing 200 such that the outer surface of the inner core 100 is The distance between the inner surfaces of the outer casing 200 is elastically changed. The outer surface of the inner core 100 is provided with a plurality of first conductive units 101, and the upper surface of each of the first conductive units 101 is in contact with the first friction unit 102, that is, the first The friction unit 102 is disposed on the outer surface of the inner core; the inner surface of the outer casing 200 is provided with a plurality of second conductive units 201, and the upper surface of each second conductive unit 201 is in contact with the second friction unit 202 disposed, that is, the second friction unit Provided on an inner side surface of the outer casing; an upper surface of the first friction unit 102 faces an upper surface of the second friction unit 202 or an inner surface of the outer casing 200, or an upper surface of the second friction unit 202 faces an upper surface of the first friction unit 102 or The outer surface of the inner core 100; the outer surface of the inner core 100 and the inner surface of the outer casing 200 are both insulating surfaces; under the action of external force, the inner surface and inner surface of the outer casing The distance between the outer surfaces of the core changes such that at least one of the first friction unit 102 and the at least one second friction unit 202 are in contact with each other and/or rubbed, see Fig. 2, and surface charge transfer occurs. Due to the elastic movement of the inner core 100 relative to the outer casing 200, after the first friction unit 102 is brought into contact with the second friction unit 202, the upper surface of the first friction unit 102 is in contact with the upper surface of the second friction unit 202, Separating in a direction perpendicular to the tangent to the mutually contacting surface produces an electrical signal output between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201.

由于第一导电单元与第一摩擦单元一一对应，第二导电单元与第二摩擦单元一一对应，为了便于说明，将第一摩擦单元通过第一导电单元设置在内芯的外表面称为第一摩擦单元设置在内芯的外表面，将第二摩擦单元通过第二导电单元设置在外壳的内表面称为第二摩擦单元设置在外壳的内表面。 The first conductive unit is in one-to-one correspondence with the first friction unit, and the second conductive unit is in one-to-one correspondence with the second friction unit. For convenience of description, the first friction unit is disposed on the outer surface of the inner core through the first conductive unit. The first friction unit is disposed on the outer surface of the inner core, and the second friction unit is disposed on the inner surface of the outer casing through the second conductive unit, and the second friction unit is disposed on the inner surface of the outer casing.

本发明中，所述外壳与内芯可以完全分离，也可以部分接触。可以通过控制内芯与外壳的距离，使至少部分第一摩擦单元未与第二摩擦单元接触。 In the present invention, the outer casing and the inner core may be completely separated or partially contacted. At least a portion of the first friction unit may not be in contact with the second friction unit by controlling the distance of the inner core from the outer casing.

内芯与外壳可以通过若干个弹性部件连接，实现内芯相对于外壳的往复运动。内芯与外壳的连接方式有多种方式，参见图 3，可以采用多个弹性部件 300连接在内芯和外壳之间。优选的，具体连接方式为每个弹性部件 300的顶端连接在内芯 100，弹性部件 300的底端连接在外壳 200。当摩擦纳米发电机受到外力（冲击力）作用时，使内芯与外壳之间的弹性部件发生形变，使内芯与外壳之间的距离发生改变，在弹性部件的作用下，内芯相对于外壳进行弹性的往复运动。 The inner core and the outer casing may be connected by a plurality of elastic members to achieve reciprocation of the inner core relative to the outer casing. There are various ways of connecting the inner core to the outer casing. Referring to Fig. 3, a plurality of elastic members 300 may be used to connect between the inner core and the outer casing. Preferably, the specific connection manner is that the top end of each elastic member 300 is connected. The core 100, the bottom end of the elastic member 300 is coupled to the outer casing 200. When the friction nano-generator is subjected to an external force (impact force), the elastic member between the inner core and the outer casing is deformed, and the distance between the inner core and the outer casing is changed. Under the action of the elastic member, the inner core is opposite to the inner core The outer casing reciprocates elastically.

摩擦纳米发电机的内芯与外壳的连接方式也可以参见图 4，内芯与外壳之间没有直接连接在一起，有两种连接方式。参见图 4a，将内芯 100采用弹性部件 301进行弹性固定，将外壳 200刚性固定（图中未示出固定位置），当摩擦纳米发电机受到外力（冲击力）作用时，在弹性部件 301的作用下内芯发生相对于外壳的往复运动，运动方向沿着箭头所示方向，或者弹性部件 301的拉升和收缩方向。参见图 4b，将外壳 200采用弹性部件 302进行弹性固定，将内芯 100进行刚性固定（图中显示出固定位置），当摩擦纳米发电机受到外力（冲击力）作用时，在弹性部件 302的作用下外壳发生相对于内芯的往复运动，运动方向沿着箭头所示方向。这样的结构可以应用在震动设备上，用于收集设备震动产生的机械能，内芯和外壳可以固定在同一个设备上，也可以固定在不同的设备上。 The connection between the inner core of the friction nanogenerator and the outer casing can also be seen in Fig. 4. There is no direct connection between the inner core and the outer casing, and there are two connection modes. Referring to FIG. 4a, the inner core 100 is elastically fixed by the elastic member 301, and the outer casing 200 is rigidly fixed (a fixed position is not shown in the drawing). When the friction nano-generator is subjected to an external force (impact force), the elastic member 301 is Under the action, the inner core reciprocates relative to the outer casing, and the direction of movement is in the direction indicated by the arrow, or the direction in which the elastic member 301 is pulled up and contracted. Referring to FIG. 4b, the outer casing 200 is elastically fixed by the elastic member 302, and the inner core 100 is rigidly fixed (the fixed position is shown in the figure). When the friction nano-generator is subjected to an external force (impact force), the elastic member 302 is Under the action, the outer casing reciprocates relative to the inner core, and the moving direction is along the direction indicated by the arrow. Such a structure can be applied to a vibration device for collecting mechanical energy generated by vibration of the device, and the inner core and the outer casing can be fixed to the same device or fixed to different devices.

摩擦纳米发电机的第一摩擦单元的上表面与第二摩擦单元的上表面的材料存在摩擦电极序差异。在外力作用下使内芯与外壳之间发生往复运动时，带动第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元接触或摩擦发生表面电荷转移，之后第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元分离，在第一导电单元与第二导电单元之间产生电信号的过程参见图 5，在没有外力的初始状态下，第一摩擦单元 102和第二摩擦单元 202之间存在一定的间隔（参见图 5中 A步骤）。由于内芯与外壳之间可以相对往复运动，以内芯与外壳之间通过弹性部件连接为例，当有外力作用时，内芯与外壳之间的弹性部件被压缩，导致内芯外表面与外壳内表面之间的距离发生变化，使第一摩擦单元 102和第二摩擦单元 202相互接触或摩擦发生表面电荷转移，形成一层表面接触电荷（参见图 5中 B步骤）。由于第一摩擦单元 102上表面和第二摩擦单元 202上表面的材料在摩擦电极序中的位置不同，第二摩擦单元 202表面产生正电荷，而第一摩擦单元 102表面产生负电荷，两种电荷的电量大小相同，因此在第一导电单元 101和第二导电单元 201之间没有电势差，也就没有电荷流动。在弹性部件的弹性作用下，第一摩擦单元 102与第二摩擦单元 202发生分离，此时由第一导电单元 101和第一摩擦单元 102所构成的整体具有净剩负电荷，而第二导电单元 201和第二摩擦单元 201所构成的整体具有净剩正电荷，因此在第一导电单元 101和第二导电单元 201之间产生了电势差。为平衡该电势差，电子通过外电路由第一导电单元 101流入第二导电单元 201，从而在外电路产生由第二导电单元到第一导电单元的瞬时电流（参见图 5中 C步骤）。当第一摩擦单元 102 回到初始位置时，它与第二摩擦单元 202之间的电荷都达到平衡，在第一导电单元 101和第二导电单元 201之间没有电势差，在外电路也就没有电流产生（参见图 5中 D步骤）。在弹性部件的作用下，内芯与外壳相互之间弹性运动，使第一导电单元 101与第二摩擦单元 202的间距再次变小，第二摩擦单元 202表面的正电荷对第一导电单元 101中正电荷的排斥作用增强，同时第一摩擦单元 102表面的负电荷对第二导电单元 201中正电荷的吸引作用也增强，由此导致第一导电单元 101和第二导电单元 201之间的电势差减小。为进一步平衡该电势差，电子通过外电路由第二导电单元 201流入第一导电单元 101，从而在外电路产生与第一次方向相反的瞬时电流（参见图 5中步骤 E)。当第一摩擦单元 102与第二摩擦单元 202再次发生接触后，重复上面 B-E步骤的情形。由此可见，摩擦纳米发电机的内芯与外壳之间的往复运动，会促使内芯 100带动的第一摩擦单元 102和外壳 200带动的第二摩擦层 13发生不断接触和分离，形成电信号不断输出。本发明的摩擦纳米发电机可以回收震动、水流、潮汐或风产生的能量。 There is a friction electrode sequence difference between the upper surface of the first friction unit of the friction nanogenerator and the material of the upper surface of the second friction unit. When the reciprocating motion occurs between the inner core and the outer casing under the action of the external force, the first friction unit is brought into contact with the second friction unit or frictionally generates surface charge transfer, and then the first friction unit is separated from the second friction unit, and is in the first conductive The process of generating an electrical signal between the unit and the second conductive unit is shown in Fig. 5. In the initial state without external force, there is a certain interval between the first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202 (see step A in Fig. 5). . Since the inner core and the outer casing can reciprocate relative to each other, the elastic core is connected between the inner core and the outer casing as an example. When an external force acts, the elastic member between the inner core and the outer casing is compressed, resulting in the inner core outer surface and the outer casing. The distance between the inner surfaces is changed such that the first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202 are in contact with each other or rubbed to cause surface charge transfer to form a surface contact charge (see step B in Fig. 5). Since the upper surface of the first friction unit 102 and the material of the upper surface of the second friction unit 202 are different in the friction electrode sequence, the surface of the second friction unit 202 generates a positive charge, and the surface of the first friction unit 102 generates a negative charge. The charge amount of the charge is the same, so there is no potential difference between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201, and thus no charge flows. The first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202 are separated by the elasticity of the elastic member. At this time, the whole of the first conductive unit 101 and the first friction unit 102 has a net negative charge, and the second conductive The entirety of the unit 201 and the second friction unit 201 has a net positive charge, so a potential difference is generated between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201. To balance the potential difference, electrons flow from the first conductive unit 101 to the second conductive unit 201 through the external circuit, thereby generating an instantaneous current from the second conductive unit to the first conductive unit in the external circuit (see step C in FIG. 5). When the first friction unit 102 returns to the initial position, the charge between it and the second friction unit 202 is balanced, there is no potential difference between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201, and there is no current in the external circuit. Generated (see step D in Figure 5). Under the action of the elastic member, the inner core and the outer shell elastically move with each other, so that the first The spacing between the conductive unit 101 and the second friction unit 202 becomes smaller again, the positive charge on the surface of the second friction unit 202 enhances the repulsion of the positive charge in the first conductive unit 101, while the negative charge on the surface of the first friction unit 102 is second. The attraction of positive charges in the conductive unit 201 is also enhanced, thereby causing a decrease in potential difference between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201. To further balance the potential difference, electrons flow from the second conductive unit 201 to the first conductive unit 101 through the external circuit, thereby generating an instantaneous current opposite to the first direction in the external circuit (see step E in FIG. 5). When the first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202 come into contact again, the above-described BE step is repeated. It can be seen that the reciprocating motion between the inner core and the outer casing of the friction nano-generator causes the first friction unit 102 driven by the inner core 100 and the second friction layer 13 driven by the outer casing 200 to continuously contact and separate to form an electrical signal. Continuous output. The friction nanogenerator of the present invention can recover the energy generated by vibration, water flow, tide or wind.

优选的，多个第一摩擦单元 102与多个第二摩擦单元 202对应设置，使内芯与外壳相对运动时一个第一摩擦单元仅与一个第二摩擦单元接触，一个第二摩擦单元每次仅与一个第一摩擦单元接触，参见图 1至图 3。 Preferably, the plurality of first friction units 102 are disposed corresponding to the plurality of second friction units 202 such that one first friction unit contacts only one second friction unit when the inner core and the outer casing move relative to each other, and one second friction unit each time Only in contact with one first friction unit, see Figures 1 to 3.

虽然摩擦起电的现象早已被人们所认识，本领域对能够发生摩擦起电的材料种类也有共识，往往我们知道的是摩擦可以起静电，但是对于利用滑动摩擦进行发电并将其器件化则是本发明首次提出的。通过本发明上面提供的工作原理，本领域的技术人员能够清楚地认识到滑动摩擦纳米发电机的工作方式，从而能够了解各部件材料的选择原则。 Although the phenomenon of triboelectric charging has long been recognized, there is a consensus in the field about the types of materials that can generate triboelectric charging. It is often known that friction can generate static electricity, but for generating electricity by sliding friction and deviceizing it is The present invention was first proposed. Those skilled in the art will be able to clearly understand the operation of the sliding friction nanogenerator by the working principles provided above in the present invention, thereby enabling the selection principle of the material of each component to be understood.

摩擦纳米发电机的第一摩擦单元和第二摩擦单元分别由具有不同摩擦电特性的材料组成，所述的不同摩擦电特性意味着二者在摩擦电极序中处于不同的位置，从而使得二者在发生接触或摩擦的过程中能够在表面产生接触电荷。常规的绝缘材料都具有摩擦电特性，均可以作为制备本发明第一摩擦单元 102和第二摩擦单元 202的材料，此处列举一些常用的绝缘材料并按照摩擦电极序由正极性到负极性排序：苯胺甲醛树脂、聚甲醛、乙基纤维素、聚酰胺 11、聚酰胺 6-6、羊毛及其编织物、蚕丝及其织物、纸、聚乙二醇丁二酸酯、纤维素、纤维素醋酸酯、聚乙二醇己二酸酯、聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、再生纤维素海绵、棉及其织物、聚氨酯弹性体、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、木头、硬橡胶、醋酸酯、人造纤维、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯醇、聚酯（涤纶）、聚异丁烯、聚氨酯弹性海绵、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、丁二烯 -丙烯腈共聚物、氯丁橡胶、天然橡胶、聚丙烯腈、聚 (偏氯乙烯 -co-丙烯腈)、聚双酚 A碳酸酯、聚氯醚、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚（2,6 - 二甲基聚亚苯基氧化物）、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚二苯基丙烷碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺、聚氯乙烯、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯。 The first friction unit and the second friction unit of the friction nanogenerator are respectively composed of materials having different triboelectric characteristics, which means that the two are in different positions in the friction electrode sequence, thereby making the two Contact charges can be generated on the surface during contact or friction. Conventional insulating materials have triboelectric properties, which can be used as materials for preparing the first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202 of the present invention. Here, some common insulating materials are listed and sorted from positive polarity to negative polarity according to the friction electrode sequence. : aniline formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, wool and its braid, silk and its fabric, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose Acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, diallyl polyphthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, cotton and fabric, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene Copolymer, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester (polyester), polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene Alcohol butadiene, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polybisphenol A carbonate, polychlorinated Ether, polyvinylidene chloride, poly(2,6-dimethylpolyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiphenylpropane carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate Alcohol ester, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene.

相对于绝缘体，半导体和金属均具有容易失去电子的摩擦电特性，在摩擦电极序的列表中常位于末尾处。因此，半导体和金属也可以作为制备第一摩擦单元 102或第二摩擦单元 202的材料。常用的半导体包括硅、锗；第 III和第 V族化合物，例如砷化镓、磷化镓等；第 II和第 VI族化合物，例如硫化镉、硫化锌等；以及由 III-V族化合物和 π -νι族化合物组成的固溶体，例如镓铝砷、镓砷磷等。除上述晶态半导体外，还有非晶态的玻璃半导体、有机半导体等。非导电性氧化物、半导体氧化物和复杂氧化物也具有摩擦电特性，能够在摩擦过程形成表面电荷，因此也可以用来作为本发明的摩擦层，例如锰、铬、铁、铜的氧化物，还包括氧化硅、氧化锰、氧化铬、氧化铁、氧化铜、氧化锌、 Bi02和 Υ203; 常用的金属包括金、银、铂、铝、镍、铜、钛、铬或硒，以及由上述金属形成的合金。当然，还可以使用其他具有导电特性的材料充当容易失去电子的摩擦层材料，例如铟锡氧化物 ITO。 Both semiconductors and metals have triboelectric properties that tend to lose electrons relative to the insulator, often at the end of the list of friction electrode orders. Therefore, semiconductors and metals can also be used as the first friction unit for the preparation. 102 or the material of the second friction unit 202. Commonly used semiconductors include silicon, germanium; Group III and V compounds such as gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, etc.; Group II and Group VI compounds such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, etc.; and III-V compounds and A solid solution composed of a compound of π-νι, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenide phosphorus, or the like. In addition to the above crystalline semiconductor, there are amorphous glass semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and the like. Non-conductive oxides, semiconducting oxides, and complex oxides also have triboelectric properties and are capable of forming surface charges during the rubbing process, and thus can also be used as the friction layer of the present invention, such as oxides of manganese, chromium, iron, and copper. Also including silicon oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, Bi02 and ruthenium 203; commonly used metals include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and An alloy formed of metal. Of course, other materials having conductive properties can also be used as a friction layer material that easily loses electrons, such as indium tin oxide ITO.

限于篇幅的原因，并不能对所有可能的材料进行穷举，此处仅列出几种具体的材料从人们参考，但是显然这些具体的材料并不能成为本发明保护范围的限制性因素，因为在本发明的启示下，本领域的技术人员根据这些材料所具有的摩擦电特性很容易选择其他类似的材料。 For the sake of space, it is not exhaustive for all possible materials. Only a few specific materials are listed here for reference, but it is obvious that these specific materials are not limiting factors in the scope of protection of the present invention. In the light of the present invention, those skilled in the art will readily be able to select other similar materials based on the triboelectric properties of these materials.

通过实验发现，当第一摩擦单元 102和第二摩擦单元 202材料的得电子能力相差越大（即在摩擦电极序中的位置相差越远）时，摩擦纳米发电机输出的电信号越强。所以，可以根据实际需要，选择合适的材料来制备第一摩擦单元 102 和第二摩擦单元 202，以获得更好的输出效果。 It has been experimentally found that the greater the difference in the electron-acquisition properties of the materials of the first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202 (i.e., the farther apart the position in the friction electrode sequence), the stronger the electrical signal output by the friction nano-generator. Therefore, the first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202 can be prepared according to actual needs, and a suitable material can be selected to obtain a better output effect.

本实施例中，摩擦纳米发电机的内芯可以为实心体，也可以为空心体，对内芯的材料无特殊要求，可以为硬性也可以为柔性材料，只需要保证内芯的为表面为绝缘体即可，例如可以选择实心橡胶、空心陶瓷等。 In this embodiment, the inner core of the friction nano-generator may be a solid body or a hollow body, and has no special requirements on the material of the inner core, and may be hard or flexible, and only needs to ensure that the inner core is a surface. The insulator may be, for example, a solid rubber, a hollow ceramic, or the like may be selected.

内芯可以为空心或实心的柱体、空心或实心的球体、椭球体或多面体，内芯的外表面可以为柱面、球面、不规则球面、椭球面或多棱面（多面体）。 The inner core may be a hollow or solid cylinder, a hollow or solid sphere, an ellipsoid or a polyhedron, and the outer surface of the inner core may be a cylinder, a spherical surface, an irregular spherical surface, an ellipsoidal surface or a polygonal surface (polyhedron).

本实施例中，摩擦纳米发电机的外壳的材料无特殊要求，可以为柔性也可以为硬性材料，只需要保证外壳的内表面为绝缘材料即可，外壳的材料优选为抗酸碱性的材料，例如柔性有机物绝缘材料。外壳可以为筒形、球壳形、椭球壳形、多面壳体等形状，也可以为非闭合的部分柱体，外壳的内表面可以为闭合的圆柱面、棱柱面，或者封闭的球面、椭球面、多面体，也可以为不封闭的壳状，例如半球形或弧形壳状等。外壳的内表面与内芯的外表面的形状可以相同，也可以不相同。 In this embodiment, the material of the outer casing of the friction nano-generator has no special requirements, and may be flexible or rigid material, and only needs to ensure that the inner surface of the outer casing is an insulating material, and the material of the outer casing is preferably an acid-resistant alkaline material. For example, flexible organic insulation materials. The outer casing may be in the shape of a cylinder, a spherical shell, an ellipsoidal shell, a multi-faceted shell, or the like, or may be a non-closed partial cylinder, and the inner surface of the outer casing may be a closed cylindrical surface, a prismatic surface, or a closed spherical surface, The ellipsoidal surface or the polyhedron may also be a shell shape that is not closed, such as a hemispherical shape or a curved shell shape. The inner surface of the outer casing and the outer surface of the inner core may have the same shape or may be different.

优选的，内芯的外表面为球面或椭球面，外壳的内表面为球面或椭球面；未施加所述外力时，内芯的外表面的中心位置与外壳的内表面的中心位置重合。这样的结构使内芯与外壳之间的空隙为对称结构。 Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, and the inner surface of the outer casing is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface; when the external force is not applied, the central position of the outer surface of the inner core coincides with the central position of the inner surface of the outer casing. Such a structure provides a symmetrical structure between the inner core and the outer casing.

优选的，内芯的外表面为球面或椭球面，外壳的内表面为柱面；未施加所述外力时，所述内芯基本位于所述外壳的中部。优选的，参见图 3，摩擦纳米发电机中，第一摩擦单元 102与第二摩擦单元 202对应设置，第一摩擦单元 102的上表面面积小于等于第二摩擦单元 202的上表面面积，在所述外力作用下，使至少一个所述第一摩擦单元的上表面完全与一个所述第二摩擦单元的上表面相互接触和 /或摩擦。 Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, and the inner surface of the outer casing is a cylindrical surface; when the external force is not applied, the inner core is substantially located in the middle of the outer casing. Preferably, referring to FIG. 3, in the friction nano-generator, the first friction unit 102 is disposed corresponding to the second friction unit 202, and the upper surface area of the first friction unit 102 is equal to or smaller than the upper surface area of the second friction unit 202. Under the action of the external force, the upper surface of at least one of the first friction units is completely in contact with and/or rubbed with the upper surface of one of the second friction units.

本实施例的摩擦纳米发电机中，第一导电单元和第二导电单元可以选自金属、导电氧化物和导电高分子。金属可以选自金、银、铂、铝、镍、铜、钛、铬或硒，以及由上述金属形成的合金。 In the friction nanogenerator of the embodiment, the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit may be selected from the group consisting of a metal, a conductive oxide, and a conductive polymer. The metal may be selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals.

本实施例的摩擦纳米发电机中，可以用导电材料替换绝缘材料或半导体材料制备第一摩擦单元或第二摩擦单元。优选的，构成所述第一摩擦单元或第二摩擦单元的所述导电材料选自金属、导电氧化物和导电高分子。金属可以选自金、银、铂、铝、镍、铜、钛、铬或硒，以及由上述金属形成的合金。 In the friction nanogenerator of the present embodiment, the first friction unit or the second friction unit may be prepared by replacing the insulating material or the semiconductor material with a conductive material. Preferably, the electrically conductive material constituting the first friction unit or the second friction unit is selected from the group consisting of a metal, a conductive oxide, and a conductive polymer. The metal may be selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed from the above metals.

本实施例的摩擦纳米发电机中，第一摩擦单元的上表面与第二摩擦单元的上表面为互补图形，可以都为平面参见图 10和图 12，或者为能够互相贴合的相同的弧面。 In the friction nano-generator of the embodiment, the upper surface of the first friction unit and the upper surface of the second friction unit are complementary patterns, which may all be planar, see FIG. 10 and FIG. 12, or the same arc that can be attached to each other. surface.

本实施例的摩擦纳米发电机中，第一摩擦单元的上表面可以为弧面，相应的，第二摩擦单元的上表面为与第一摩擦单元的上表面相同的弧面，即第一摩擦单元的上表面可以完全与第二摩擦单元的上表面贴合在一起。 In the friction nano-generator of the embodiment, the upper surface of the first friction unit may be a curved surface. Correspondingly, the upper surface of the second friction unit is the same curved surface as the upper surface of the first friction unit, that is, the first friction The upper surface of the unit may fit completely with the upper surface of the second friction unit.

为了增加第一摩擦单元 102与第二摩擦单元 202之间的接触面积，从而增大接触电荷量，还可以对第一摩擦单元 102 面向外壳的表面（第一摩擦单元 102 的上表面）和 /或第二摩擦单元 202面向内芯的表面（第二摩擦单元 202的上表面）进行物理改性，使其表面分布有微米或次微米量级的微结构阵列，或者纳米材料的点缀或涂层。具体的改性方法包括光刻蚀、化学刻蚀和离子体刻蚀等。也可以通过纳米材料的点缀或涂层的方式来实现该目的。所述微结构可以选自纳米线、纳米管、纳米颗粒、纳米沟槽、微米沟槽、纳米锥、微米锥、纳米球和微米球状结构。 In order to increase the contact area between the first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202, thereby increasing the amount of contact charge, it is also possible to face the surface of the first friction unit 102 facing the outer casing (the upper surface of the first friction unit 102) and/or Or the surface of the second friction unit 202 facing the inner core (the upper surface of the second friction unit 202) is physically modified so that the surface thereof is distributed with a micro- or sub-micron array of microstructures, or a nano material embellishment or coating . Specific modification methods include photolithography, chemical etching, and ion etching. This can also be achieved by means of embellishment or coating of nanomaterials. The microstructures may be selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, microcones, nanospheres, and microspheres.

还可以对第一摩擦单元 102的上表面和 /或第二摩擦单元 202的上表面进行化学改性，能够进一步提高电荷在接触瞬间的转移量，从而提高接触电荷密度和发电机的输出功率。化学改性又分为如下两种类型： It is also possible to chemically modify the upper surface of the first friction unit 102 and/or the upper surface of the second friction unit 202 to further increase the amount of charge transfer at the moment of contact, thereby increasing the contact charge density and the output power of the generator. Chemical modification is divided into the following two types:

一种方法是对于相互接触的第一摩擦单元 102和第二摩擦单元 202材料，在极性为正的材料表面引入更易失电子的官能团（即强给电子团），或者在极性为负的材料表面引入更易得电子的官能团（强吸电子团），都能够进一步提高电荷在相互滑动时的转移量，从而提高摩擦电荷密度和发电机的输出功率。强给电子团包括：氨基、羟基、烷氧基等；强吸电子团包括：酰基、羧基、硝基、磺酸基等。官能团的引入可以采用等离子体表面改性等常规方法。例如可以使氧气和氮气的混合气在一定功率下产生等离子体，从而在摩擦单元的材料表面引入氨基。另外一种方法是在极性为正的材料表面引入正电荷，而在极性为负的材料表面引入负电荷。具体可以通过化学键合的方式实现。例如，可以在 PDMS表面利用水解 -缩合 (英文简写为 sol-gel )的方法修饰上正硅酸乙酯（英文简写为 TEOS), 而使其带负电。也可以在金属金薄膜层上利用金-硫的键结修饰上表面含十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB ) 的金纳米粒子,由于十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为阳离子，故会使整个基板变成带正电性。本领域的技术人员可以根据基板材料的得失电子性质和表面化学键的种类，选择合适的修饰材料与其键合，以达到本发明的目的，因此这样的变形都在本发明的保护范围之内。 One method is to introduce a more electron-releasing functional group (ie, a strong electron donating group) on the surface of the positive polarity material for the materials of the first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202 that are in contact with each other, or have a negative polarity. The introduction of more electron-donating functional groups (strong electron-withdrawing groups) on the surface of the material can further increase the amount of charge transfer when sliding across each other, thereby increasing the triboelectric charge density and the output power of the generator. Strong electron donating groups include: amino group, hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, etc.; strong electron withdrawing group includes: acyl group, carboxyl group, nitro group, sulfonic acid group and the like. The introduction of the functional group can be carried out by a conventional method such as plasma surface modification. For example, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can be used to generate a plasma at a certain power to introduce an amino group on the surface of the material of the friction unit. Another method is to introduce a positive charge on the surface of the positive polarity material and a negative charge on the surface of the negative polarity material. Specifically, it can be achieved by chemical bonding. For example, ethyl orthosilicate (in English abbreviated as TEOS) can be modified on the surface of the PDMS by hydrolysis-condensation (abbreviated as sol-gel) to make it negatively charged. Gold nanoparticles containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the upper surface may also be modified on the metal gold thin film layer by gold-sulfur bonding, since cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is a cation Therefore, the entire substrate becomes positively charged. A person skilled in the art can select a suitable modifying material and bond with the substrate according to the electron-loss property of the substrate material and the kind of the surface chemical bond, so as to achieve the object of the present invention, such deformation is within the protection scope of the present invention.

本发明第一摩擦单元 102和第二摩擦单元 202可以是硬质材料也可以选择柔性材料，因为材料的硬度并不影响二者之间的滑动摩擦效果，本领域的技术人员可以根据实际情况进行选择。第一摩擦单元 102和第二摩擦单元 202的厚度对本发明的实施没有显著影响，只是在设置的过程中需要综合考虑摩擦单元强度与发电效率等因素。本发明优选第一摩擦单元和 /或第二摩擦单元为薄膜或薄片，厚度为 50nm-2cm, 优选 1μΓη-50μιη, 50μΓη-500μιη, 更优选 500μΓΠ-800ιτΐΓη , 更优选 lmm-500mm，这些厚度对本发明中所有的技术方案都适用。 The first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202 of the present invention may be a hard material or a flexible material, because the hardness of the material does not affect the sliding friction effect between the two, and those skilled in the art may perform the actual situation. select. The thicknesses of the first friction unit 102 and the second friction unit 202 have no significant effect on the implementation of the present invention, except that factors such as friction unit strength and power generation efficiency need to be comprehensively considered in the setting process. Preferably, the first friction unit and/or the second friction unit are thin films or sheets having a thickness of 50 nm to 2 cm, preferably 1 μΓη-50 μιη, 50 μΓη-500 μηη, more preferably 500 μΓΠ-800 ττΐΓη, more preferably 1 mm-500 mm, these thicknesses for the present invention All technical solutions are applicable.

实施例二： Embodiment 2:

本实施例中，摩擦纳米发电机的内芯为柱形或筒形，所述内芯的外侧面为柱面，若干个第一摩擦单元设置在内芯的外侧面上。优选的，在垂直于所述内芯外侧面的轴线的截面形成的图形选自空心或实心的圆形、椭圆形或多边形，参见图 6。本实施例中，摩擦纳米发电机的芯部与壳体之间的相对运动在二维平面内进行。 In this embodiment, the inner core of the friction nanogenerator is cylindrical or cylindrical, the outer side of the inner core is a cylindrical surface, and a plurality of first friction units are disposed on the outer side surface of the inner core. Preferably, the pattern formed in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the outer side of the inner core is selected from a hollow or solid circular, elliptical or polygonal shape, see Fig. 6. In this embodiment, the relative motion between the core of the frictional nanogenerator and the housing is performed in a two-dimensional plane.

优选的，外壳为围绕内芯的筒状，内芯与外壳的延伸方向基本相同，使外壳与内芯形成套筒结构。 Preferably, the outer casing is a cylindrical shape surrounding the inner core, and the inner core and the outer casing extend substantially in the same direction, so that the outer casing and the inner core form a sleeve structure.

以内芯为圆柱体、外壳为圆筒状的摩擦纳米发电机为例，具体说明本实施例的摩擦纳米发电机的结构，参见图 7和图 8，图 7为沿着摩擦纳米发电机内芯轴向的俯视示意图，图 8为沿着图 7摩擦纳米发电机中 AA'线的剖视图。摩擦纳米发电机包括圆柱状内芯 110和围绕内芯的圆筒状外壳 210，内芯 110外侧面设置有若干个第一导电单元 111，每个第一导电单元 111上接触设置一个第一摩擦单元 112，即第一摩擦单元设置在所述内芯的外表面上，其中，多个第一摩擦单元 112沿着垂直于内芯 110的轴线（箭头方向 C) 的方向排列；外壳 210内表面设置有若干个第二导电单元 211，每个第二导电单元 211上接触设置有一个第二摩擦单元 212，即第二摩擦单元设置在外壳的内表面，其中，多个第二摩擦单元 212 沿着垂直于外壳 210的轴线（箭头方向 C) 的方向排列。外壳 210和内芯 110通过若干个弹性部件 310连接，每个弹性部件的顶端连接在内芯 110的外表面上，底端连接在外壳 210的内表面上，使第一摩擦单元 112的上表面面向外壳 210，第二摩擦单元 212的上表面面向内芯 110。优选为第一摩擦单元 112与第二摩擦单元 212面对面设置，并且弹性部件 310使第一摩擦单元 112与第二摩擦单元 212之间保留空隙，当摩擦纳米发电机受到外力（冲击力）时，内芯相对于外壳在箭头 B所示方向往复运动，具体为图 8中内芯向左侧运动后，图中左侧的弹性部件被压缩，右侧的弹性部件被拉升，因此，内芯受到弹性部件向右的作用力而向右侧运动，如此往复，内芯相对于外壳的往复运动使至少一个第一摩擦单元 112的上表面与一个第二摩擦单元 212的上表面接触后，沿着与相互接触表面的切线垂直的方向分开。 Taking the friction nano-generator with the inner core as the cylinder and the outer casing as the cylinder as an example, the structure of the friction nano-generator of the present embodiment will be specifically described, referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, FIG. 7 is the core along the friction nano-generator. A schematic plan view of the axial direction, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA' of the friction nano-generator of FIG. The friction nano-generator includes a cylindrical inner core 110 and a cylindrical outer casing 210 surrounding the inner core. The inner side of the inner core 110 is provided with a plurality of first conductive units 111, and each of the first conductive units 111 is provided with a first friction. The unit 112, that is, the first friction unit is disposed on the outer surface of the inner core, wherein the plurality of first friction units 112 are arranged along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the inner core 110 (arrow direction C); the inner surface of the outer casing 210 A plurality of second conductive units 211 are disposed, and each of the second conductive units 211 is disposed in contact with a second friction unit 212, that is, the second friction unit is disposed on an inner surface of the outer casing, wherein the plurality of second friction units 212 are along Arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the outer casing 210 (arrow direction C). The outer casing 210 and the inner core 110 are connected by a plurality of elastic members 310, the top end of each elastic member is coupled to the outer surface of the inner core 110, and the bottom end is coupled to the inner surface of the outer casing 210 such that the upper surface of the first friction unit 112 Facing the outer casing 210, The upper surface of the second friction unit 212 faces the inner core 110. Preferably, the first friction unit 112 and the second friction unit 212 are disposed face to face, and the elastic member 310 allows a gap to be left between the first friction unit 112 and the second friction unit 212, when the friction nanogenerator is subjected to an external force (impact force), The inner core reciprocates relative to the outer casing in the direction indicated by arrow B. Specifically, after the inner core of FIG. 8 moves to the left side, the elastic member on the left side of the figure is compressed, and the elastic member on the right side is pulled up, thereby, the inner core The reciprocating motion of the inner core relative to the outer casing is caused by the reciprocating motion of the inner core with respect to the outer casing, and the upper surface of the at least one first friction unit 112 is in contact with the upper surface of the second friction unit 212. Separate from the direction perpendicular to the tangent of the surfaces in contact with each other.

优选的，第一摩擦单元 112与第二摩擦单元 212的表面形状相同，都为平面或者为曲率相同的弧面。 Preferably, the first friction unit 112 and the second friction unit 212 have the same surface shape, and are all planes or curved surfaces having the same curvature.

优选的，第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元的位置相对应，使摩擦纳米发电机受到外力时，一个第一摩擦单元仅与一个第二摩擦单元接触或摩擦。更优选的，第二摩擦单元 212的面积大于等于第一摩擦单元 112的面积，以保证，第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元接触时互相接触面积最大，使摩擦纳米发电机获得较高的输出。第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元的位置相对应时，当内芯相对于外壳在一个平面内往复运动时，使对应设置的第一摩擦单元上表面和第二摩擦单元的上表面距离扩大或缩小。 Preferably, the first friction unit corresponds to the position of the second friction unit, and when the friction nano-generator is subjected to an external force, a first friction unit contacts or rubs only with one second friction unit. More preferably, the area of the second friction unit 212 is greater than or equal to the area of the first friction unit 112 to ensure that the contact area of the first friction unit and the second friction unit are the largest, so that the friction nano-generator obtains a higher output. . When the first friction unit corresponds to the position of the second friction unit, when the inner core reciprocates in a plane with respect to the outer casing, the distance between the upper surface of the corresponding first friction unit and the upper surface of the second friction unit is enlarged or Zoom out.

本实施例中，弹性部件 310可以为弹簧、海绵等弹性材料，弹性部件的个数和位置根据实际结构，可以有多种选择，在这里不做特别限定，在保证摩擦纳米发电机结构和强度的前提下，只要保证芯部和壳体能够弹性相对运动即可。 In this embodiment, the elastic member 310 may be an elastic material such as a spring or a sponge. The number and position of the elastic members may be variously selected according to the actual structure, and are not particularly limited herein, and the structure and strength of the friction nano-generator are ensured. Under the premise, as long as the core and the shell can be elastically moved relative to each other.

虽然只列出了内芯与外壳之间通过多个弹性部件连接的情况，对于内芯与外壳之中有一个刚性固定，一个弹性固定的情况也适用。这种结构的摩擦纳米发电机可以应用在发生震动的机械设备上，将内芯或外壳固定在机械设备上，使内芯与外壳之间能够往复运动，将震动产生的机械能转变为电能。 Although only the case where the inner core and the outer casing are connected by a plurality of elastic members is listed, it is also suitable for the case where the inner core and the outer casing are rigidly fixed and one elastically fixed. The friction nano-generator of this structure can be applied to mechanical equipment that generates vibration, and the inner core or the outer casing is fixed on the mechanical device, so that the inner core and the outer casing can reciprocate, and the mechanical energy generated by the vibration is converted into electric energy.

内芯与外壳的形状有多种选择，内芯的外侧面与外壳的内侧面可以相同也可以不相同，参见图 9，内芯 1101为圆柱形，其外侧面为圆柱面，外壳 2101的内侧面为椭圆柱面；也可以内芯为椭圆柱形，其外侧面为椭圆柱面，外壳的内侧面为圆柱面。这里外壳 2101的外侧面的形状对摩擦纳米发电机的发电没有影响，可以根据实际需要选择合适的形状，例如可以为椭圆柱面、圆柱面或棱柱面。参见图 10所示本实施例的另一摩擦纳米发电机的结构示意图，内芯为八棱柱，外壳为围绕在内芯周围的筒状八棱柱。 There are various options for the shape of the inner core and the outer casing. The outer side of the inner core may be the same as or different from the inner side of the outer casing. Referring to Fig. 9, the inner core 1101 is cylindrical, and the outer side surface is a cylindrical surface, and the outer casing 2101 is inside. The side is an elliptical cylinder; the inner core is an elliptical cylinder, the outer side is an elliptical cylinder, and the inner side of the outer casing is a cylindrical surface. Here, the shape of the outer side surface of the outer casing 2101 has no influence on the power generation of the friction nano-generator, and an appropriate shape can be selected according to actual needs, for example, an elliptical cylinder surface, a cylindrical surface or a prism surface. Referring to the structural schematic view of another friction nano-generator of the present embodiment shown in Fig. 10, the inner core is an octagonal prism, and the outer casing is a cylindrical octagonal prism surrounding the inner core.

本实施例中，外壳的内表面可以为闭合曲面，即外壳为筒形；外壳的内表面也可以为非闭合曲面，例如弧形壳状外壳，内芯的部分外侧面被所述外壳围绕。 In this embodiment, the inner surface of the outer casing may be a closed curved surface, that is, the outer casing is cylindrical; the inner surface of the outer casing may also be a non-closed curved surface, such as an arcuate shell-like outer casing, and a part of the outer side surface of the inner core is surrounded by the outer casing.

本实施例中，外壳也可以为封闭结构，在第一导电单元与第二导电单元连接引出导线（图中未显示）后将内芯、第一导电单元、第一摩擦单元、第二导电单元和第二摩擦单元都密封在外壳内，参见图 11，在第一导电单元 111和第二导电单元 211上分别连接引出导线（图 11中未显示），在外壳 210的上下两个端面包括外盖 213，使内芯 110、第一导电单元 111、第一摩擦单元 112、第二导电单元 211和第二摩擦单元 212都被外壳与外盖密封，这样的结构可以使本发明的摩擦纳米发电机应用在液体、气体等环境中而不会影响发电机的正常工作。优选外盖 213的材料与外壳 210的材料相同。更优选的，外盖与外壳为一体成型形成的结构。这种结构的摩擦纳米发电机可以应用在气体、液体等环境中，发电机的发电过程不受环境条件的影响。 In this embodiment, the outer casing may also be a closed structure. After the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit are connected to the lead wires (not shown), the inner core, the first conductive unit, the first friction unit, and the second conductive single are Both the element and the second friction unit are sealed in the outer casing. Referring to FIG. 11, the lead wires (not shown in FIG. 11) are respectively connected to the first conductive unit 111 and the second conductive unit 211, and the upper and lower end faces of the outer casing 210 are included. The outer cover 213 is such that the inner core 110, the first conductive unit 111, the first friction unit 112, the second conductive unit 211 and the second friction unit 212 are sealed by the outer casing and the outer cover. Such a structure can make the friction nano of the invention The generator is used in liquid, gas and other environments without affecting the normal operation of the generator. Preferably, the material of the outer cover 213 is the same as the material of the outer casing 210. More preferably, the outer cover and the outer casing are integrally formed. The friction nano-generator of this structure can be applied in environments such as gas and liquid, and the power generation process of the generator is not affected by environmental conditions.

优选的，本实施例的摩擦纳米发电机中，内芯的外侧面与外壳的内侧面形状相同，内芯采用轴对称的圆柱、椭圆柱或棱柱，所述外壳采用轴对称的圆柱壳、椭圆柱或棱柱，未施加所述外力时，若干个所述弹性部件使任何所述第一摩擦单元未与所述第二摩擦单元接触。优选为，若干个所述弹性部件使所述内芯与所述外壳同轴，使内芯的外侧面与外壳的内侧面之间的距离均匀。 Preferably, in the friction nano-generator of the embodiment, the outer side surface of the inner core has the same shape as the inner side surface of the outer casing, the inner core adopts an axisymmetric cylinder, an elliptical cylinder or a prism, and the outer casing adopts an axisymmetric cylindrical shell and an ellipse. A column or a prism, when the external force is not applied, a plurality of the elastic members make any of the first friction units not in contact with the second friction unit. Preferably, the plurality of elastic members make the inner core coaxial with the outer casing such that the distance between the outer side surface of the inner core and the inner side surface of the outer casing is uniform.

优选的，第一摩擦单元的个数与第二摩擦单元的个数相等，多个第一摩擦单元沿着垂直于内芯外侧面的轴线方向均匀分布，并且，每个第一摩擦单元与一个第二摩擦单元对应设置，参见图 7。优选的，第二摩擦单元沿着垂直于内芯外侧面的轴线方向排列。 Preferably, the number of the first friction units is equal to the number of the second friction units, the plurality of first friction units are evenly distributed along an axis direction perpendicular to the outer side of the inner core, and each of the first friction units and one The second friction unit is correspondingly arranged, see Figure 7. Preferably, the second friction units are arranged along an axial direction perpendicular to the outer side surface of the inner core.

优选的，内芯的外侧面为轴对称表面，例如圆柱面、椭圆柱面、四棱柱面或八棱柱面，内芯与外壳之间的相对运动在一个平面内进行，多个第一摩擦单元在内芯外表面上按照轴对称分布。摩擦纳米发电机在受到外力（冲击力时）作用时，在弹性部件的作用下，内芯与外壳能够带动至少一个第一摩擦单元与一个第二摩擦单元接触后，沿着与相互接触表面的切线垂直的方向分离。这样的摩擦纳米发电机能够感知 360° 范围的外力的方向，可以用于 360° 的惯量和机械传感。 Preferably, the outer side surface of the inner core is an axisymmetric surface, such as a cylindrical surface, an elliptical cylinder surface, a quadrangular prism surface or an octagonal cylinder surface, and the relative movement between the inner core and the outer casing is performed in one plane, and the plurality of first friction units It is distributed symmetrically on the outer surface of the inner core. When the friction nano-generator is subjected to an external force (impact force), under the action of the elastic member, the inner core and the outer casing can drive the at least one first friction unit to contact with a second friction unit, and then contact the surfaces contacting each other. The tangent is separated in a vertical direction. Such a friction nano-motor can sense the direction of an external force in the 360° range and can be used for 360° inertia and mechanical sensing.

所述内芯的外侧面可以为圆柱面，所述圆柱面上设置了给定数量的第一摩擦单元；外壳的内侧面为圆柱面，并且直径大于所述内芯外侧面的直径，所述外壳的内表面上设置的所述第二摩擦单元的个数与所述第一摩擦单元个数相等；受到所述外力作用时，一个第一摩擦单元仅与一个第二摩擦单元接触和 /或摩擦，即第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元对应设置。所述给定数量优选为 4个或 8个的整数倍。 The outer side surface of the inner core may be a cylindrical surface, the cylindrical surface is provided with a given number of first friction units; the inner side surface of the outer casing is a cylindrical surface, and the diameter is larger than the diameter of the outer side surface of the inner core, The number of the second friction units disposed on the inner surface of the outer casing is equal to the number of the first friction units; when the external force is applied, one first friction unit is only in contact with one second friction unit and/or Friction, that is, the first friction unit is disposed corresponding to the second friction unit. The given number is preferably an integer multiple of 4 or 8.

所述内芯的外侧面可以为棱柱面，所述棱柱面的每个侧面上设置有第一摩擦单元；外壳的内表面形状与所述内芯外侧面相同、横截面面积大于所述内芯横截面面积的棱柱面，所述外壳的内表面上与所述第一摩擦单元对应位置包括所述第二摩擦单元；受到所述外力作用时，一个第一摩擦单元仅与一个第二摩擦单元接触和 /或摩擦。优选的，内芯的外侧面为四棱锥面或者八棱柱面。需要说明的是，本发明中所述的柱面并不严格要求柱面的所有横截面面积和形状都相同，也包括横截面面积和形状不相同的情况，例如，所述的柱面可以为锥台的外侧面。具体柱面的形状不应该成为限制本发明保护范围的因素。 The outer side surface of the inner core may be a prism surface, and each side surface of the prism surface is provided with a first friction unit; the inner surface shape of the outer casing is the same as the inner side surface of the inner core, and the cross-sectional area is larger than the inner core a prism face of a cross-sectional area, the position corresponding to the first friction unit on the inner surface of the outer casing includes the second friction unit; when subjected to the external force, a first friction unit is only associated with one second friction unit Contact and / or friction. Preferably, the outer side of the inner core is a quadrangular pyramid or an octagonal cylinder. It should be noted that the cylindrical surface described in the present invention does not strictly require that all cross-sectional areas and shapes of the cylindrical surface are the same, and the cross-sectional area and shape are not the same. For example, the cylindrical surface may be The outer side of the frustum. The shape of a particular cylinder should not be a factor limiting the scope of the invention.

实施例三： Embodiment 3:

本实施例中，摩擦纳米发电机的内芯为实心或空心的多面体、球体、不规则球体或椭球体等结构，所述内芯的外表面为多面体、球面、不规则球面或椭球面，优选为内芯的外表面为球面、正六面体、椭球体，也可以为柱体。外壳为封闭结构，通过导线将所述第一导电单元与第二导电单元引出后将所述内芯全部包围在外壳内部，内芯相对于外壳可以在二维或三维方向运动。以内芯采用正六面体、外壳采用空心正六面体为例，具体介绍本实施例中摩擦纳米发电机的结构。 In this embodiment, the inner core of the friction nano-generator is a solid or hollow polyhedron, a sphere, an irregular sphere or an ellipsoid, and the outer surface of the inner core is a polyhedron, a spherical surface, an irregular spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, preferably The outer surface of the inner core is a spherical surface, a regular hexahedron, an ellipsoid, or a cylinder. The outer casing is a closed structure, and the inner core is entirely enclosed inside the outer casing by guiding the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit through a wire, and the inner core can move in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional direction with respect to the outer casing. The structure of the friction nano-generator in this embodiment is specifically described by taking a regular hexahedron as the inner core and a hollow regular hexahedron as an example.

参见图 12和图 13，图 12为本实施例摩擦纳米发电机的结构示意图，图 13 为内芯以及弹性部件的连接示意图。摩擦纳米发电机包括正六面体内芯 120和围绕内芯的空心正六面体外壳 210，内芯 120的外侧面的每个表面都设置有至少一个第一导电单元 121，每个第一导电单元 121上接触设置一个第一摩擦单元 122; 外壳 220内表面设置有若干个第二导电单元 211，每个第二导电单元上接触设置一个第二摩擦单元 212，外壳 220和内芯 120通过 8个弹性部件 320连接，每个弹性部件的顶端连接在内芯 120的一个顶角处，底端连接在外壳 210的内表面上的相应顶角处。优选为第一摩擦单元 122与第二摩擦单元 222面对面设置，并且弹性部件 320使第一摩擦单元 122与第二摩擦单元 222之间保留空隙，当摩擦纳米发电机受到外力（冲击力）时，在弹性部件的作用下内芯在外壳内部往复运动，使至少一个第一摩擦单元 122的上表面与一个第二摩擦单元 222的上表面接触后，沿着与相互接触表面的切线垂直的方向分离。 Referring to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of the friction nano-generator of the present embodiment, and FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the inner core and the elastic member. The friction nanogenerator includes a regular hexahedral inner core 120 and a hollow regular hexahedron outer casing 210 surrounding the inner core, and each surface of the outer side surface of the inner core 120 is provided with at least one first conductive unit 121, each of the first conductive units 121 A first friction unit 122 is disposed in contact with the first friction unit 122; a plurality of second conductive units 211 are disposed on the inner surface of the outer casing 220, a second friction unit 212 is disposed on each of the second conductive units, and the outer casing 220 and the inner core 120 pass through the eight elastic members. 320 is connected, the top end of each elastic member is connected to a top corner of the inner core 120, and the bottom end is connected at a corresponding top corner on the inner surface of the outer casing 210. Preferably, the first friction unit 122 and the second friction unit 222 are disposed face to face, and the elastic member 320 allows a gap to be left between the first friction unit 122 and the second friction unit 222, when the friction nano-generator receives an external force (impact force), The inner core reciprocates inside the outer casing under the action of the elastic member, so that the upper surface of the at least one first friction unit 122 is in contact with the upper surface of the second friction unit 222, and is separated in a direction perpendicular to the tangent to the mutually contacting surfaces. .

优选的，第一摩擦单元 122与第二摩擦单元 222的表面为互补形状，都为平面或者为相同的弧面，使第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元互相接触时的接触面积最大，有利于摩擦纳米发电机获得较高的输出。 Preferably, the surfaces of the first friction unit 122 and the second friction unit 222 have complementary shapes, all of which are planes or the same curved surface, so that the contact area of the first friction unit and the second friction unit when contacting each other is the largest, which is advantageous. The friction nanogenerator achieves a higher output.

优选的，所述内芯的外表面为球面或椭球面，所述外壳的内表面为球面或椭球面，不受外力作用时，弹性部件使内芯的外表面的中心位置与外壳的内表面的中心位置基本重合。 Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, and the inner surface of the outer casing is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface. When the external force is not applied, the elastic member makes the center position of the outer surface of the inner core and the inner surface of the outer casing. The center positions are basically coincident.

上述只是列出了内芯的外表面和外壳的内表面都为六面体的情况，对于其他结构的内芯和外壳情况类似。 The above only lists the case where the outer surface of the inner core and the inner surface of the outer casing are both hexahedron, and the inner core and outer casing of other structures are similar.

优选的，第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元的位置相对应，使摩擦纳米发电机受到外力时，一个第一摩擦单元仅与一个第二摩擦单元接触或摩擦，并且一个第二摩擦单元仅与一个第一摩擦单元接触。更优选的，第二摩擦单元 222的面积大于等于第一摩擦单元 122的面积，以保证，第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元接触时互相接触面积最大，使摩擦纳米发电机获得较高的输出。本实施例中，弹性部件 320可以为弹簧、海绵等弹性材料，弹性部件的个数和位置根据实际结构，可以有多种选择，在这里不做特别限定，在保证摩擦纳米发电机结构和强度的前提下，只要保证芯部和壳体能够弹性相对运动即可。 Preferably, the first friction unit corresponds to the position of the second friction unit, so that when the friction nano-generator is subjected to an external force, one first friction unit only contacts or rubs with one second friction unit, and one second friction unit only A first friction unit is in contact. More preferably, the area of the second friction unit 222 is greater than or equal to the area of the first friction unit 122 to ensure that the first friction unit and the second friction unit contact each other with the largest contact area, so that the friction nano-generator obtains a higher output. . In this embodiment, the elastic member 320 may be an elastic material such as a spring or a sponge. The number and position of the elastic members may be variously selected according to the actual structure, and are not particularly limited herein, and the structure and strength of the friction nano-generator are ensured. Under the premise, as long as the core and the shell can be elastically moved relative to each other.

本实施例中虽然只列出了内芯的外表面与外壳的内表面都为正六面体，并且互相之间通过 8个弹性部件连接的情况，对于采用其他结构内芯和外壳的摩擦纳米发电机，也在本发明的保护范围。例如，内芯可以采用柱体、球体、椭球体等结构。 In this embodiment, although only the outer surface of the inner core and the inner surface of the outer casing are both regular hexahedrons and are connected to each other by 8 elastic members, the friction nano-generators using other structural inner cores and outer casings are listed. It is also within the scope of protection of the present invention. For example, the inner core may have a structure such as a cylinder, a sphere, an ellipsoid or the like.

优选的，内芯采用实心或空心的球体或椭球体，外壳的内表面为面积大于内芯外表面的封闭球面或椭球面，所述外壳的外表面可以为球面、椭圆面或正六面体面。所述外壳和内芯之间通过若干个弹性部件连接，每个所述弹性部件的一端连接在内芯，另一端连接在外壳，优选的，若干个弹性部件均匀分布在内芯与外壳之间，使内芯位于外壳的中间位置。优选的，若干个弹性部件的材料和结构都相同。优选的，多个所述第一摩擦单元均匀分布在内芯的外表面。 Preferably, the inner core adopts a solid or hollow sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of the outer casing is a closed spherical or ellipsoidal surface having an area larger than the outer surface of the inner core, and the outer surface of the outer casing may be a spherical surface, an elliptical surface or a regular hexahedral surface. The outer casing and the inner core are connected by a plurality of elastic members, one end of each of the elastic members is connected to the inner core, and the other end is connected to the outer casing. Preferably, a plurality of elastic members are evenly distributed between the inner core and the outer casing. , the inner core is located in the middle of the outer casing. Preferably, the plurality of elastic members are of the same material and construction. Preferably, a plurality of the first friction units are evenly distributed on an outer surface of the inner core.

本实施例中，所述内芯的外表面可以为柱状，外壳的内表面可以采用与内芯的外表面相似的结构。例如，内芯采用圆柱状结构，外壳采用空心的圆柱或棱柱结构，所述内芯通过若干个弹性部件连接在所述外壳的内表面上。 In this embodiment, the outer surface of the inner core may be columnar, and the inner surface of the outer casing may adopt a structure similar to the outer surface of the inner core. For example, the inner core has a cylindrical structure, and the outer casing has a hollow cylindrical or prismatic structure, and the inner core is attached to the inner surface of the outer casing by a plurality of elastic members.

优选的，所述内芯的外表面包括多个平面，所述多个平面形成的结构为四棱柱或八棱柱，在每个所述平面上都设置有第一摩擦单元。内芯相对于外壳可以在 Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core comprises a plurality of planes, and the plurality of planes are formed as a quadrangular prism or an octagonal prism, and a first friction unit is disposed on each of the planes. The inner core can be opposite to the outer casing

471 空间内往复运动，使第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元接触和分离，在相应的第一导电单元与第二导电单元之间形成电信号，可以将 471空间的机械能转变为电能。 The reciprocating motion in the space 471 causes the first friction unit to contact and separate from the second friction unit, and an electrical signal is formed between the corresponding first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, so that the mechanical energy of the space of 471 can be converted into electric energy.

优选的，所述外壳的内表面形状与所述内芯的外表面相同；所述第二摩擦单元与所述第一摩擦单元对应设置。 Preferably, the inner surface of the outer casing has the same shape as the outer surface of the inner core; the second friction unit is disposed corresponding to the first friction unit.

内芯的外表面为球面或椭球面时，多个所述第一摩擦单元在所述内芯的外表面的一个周长最大的圆周或椭圆周上均匀分布。优选的，第二摩擦单元与第一摩擦单元对应设置，内芯相对于外壳往复运动，使第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元接触和分离，在相应的第一导电单元与第二导电单元之间形成电信号，可以将 360 ° 空间的机械能转变为电能。 When the outer surface of the inner core is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, the plurality of first friction units are evenly distributed over a circumference or an elliptical circumference having the largest circumference of the outer surface of the inner core. Preferably, the second friction unit is disposed corresponding to the first friction unit, and the inner core reciprocates relative to the outer casing to contact and separate the first friction unit and the second friction unit, and the corresponding first conductive unit and the second conductive unit The electrical signal is formed to convert the mechanical energy of 360 ° into electrical energy.

实施例四： Embodiment 4:

陀螺仪是一种用来确定方向和自动控制的装置，它广泛应用于微型机械、手机、飞行器控制等领域。现有陀螺仪的设计是根据惯量所带来的电参数的变化如电容器的电容等的变化来感知方向的变化。这些测试方式往往需要外加电源来完成。 The gyroscope is a device for determining direction and automatic control. It is widely used in micro-machines, mobile phones, aircraft control and other fields. The design of the existing gyroscope is to sense the change of direction according to the change of the electrical parameter brought about by the inertia, such as the capacitance of the capacitor. These test methods often require an external power supply to complete.

本发明的摩擦纳米发电机不仅可以回收震动、水流、潮汐或风力产生的能量，而且可以感知受到力的方向，并且通过第一导电单元与第二导电单元将受到力的方向传递给外界。因此，本发明的发电机可以是一 360° (二维空间内）或 4The friction nano-generator of the present invention can not only recover the energy generated by vibration, water flow, tide or wind, but also can sense the direction of the force, and will be subjected to force through the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit. The direction is passed to the outside world. Therefore, the generator of the present invention can be 360° (in 2D space) or 4

(三维空间）全方位立体的惯量和机械传感装置，可以应用于飞行器的自动控制，微机械和定位***。因此，利用外壳内不同位置的第二摩擦单元与第一摩擦单元接触和分离，在相应的第一导电单元与第二导电单元所产生的电信号输出，可以制造出一具有对称结构全方位定位和导航的***。这是一具有新原理和应用的全方位陀螺仪。这种陀螺仪不需要外加电源，是一种自驱动的陀螺仪。 (3D space) Omni-directional inertia and mechanical sensing devices for aircraft automation, micromechanics and positioning systems. Therefore, by using the second friction unit at different positions in the outer casing to contact and separate from the first friction unit, the electrical signal output generated by the corresponding first conductive unit and the second conductive unit can produce a symmetrical structure with all-round positioning. And navigation system. This is a full-scale gyroscope with new principles and applications. This gyroscope does not require an external power supply and is a self-driven gyroscope.

参见图 14，本发明提供的陀螺仪包括摩擦纳米发电机和感应记录装置，所述摩擦纳米发电机为选自实施例一至三中的发电机，优选为第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元对应设置的摩擦纳米发电机，相应的，第一导电单元与第二导电单元也对应设置；感应记录装置为多通路电信号记录装置，摩擦纳米发电机中对应设置的第一导电单元和第二导电单元分别连接至感应记录装置一个通路的两个输入端，当对应设置的第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元互相接触和分离并产生电荷转移时，分别与第一摩擦单元和第二摩擦单元接触的第一导电单元与第二导电单元之间产生的电信号被感应记录装置所记录，在感应记录装置中可以预先设定所连接的导电单元与摩擦纳米发电机中互相接触的摩擦单元的位置关系。将摩擦纳米发电机中内芯 130外表面设置的第一导电单元 131都连接在感应记录装置，外壳 230内表面设置的第二导电单元 231都连接在感应记录装置，当摩擦纳米发电机受到外力（冲击力）作用时，在弹性部件 330的作用下，内芯相对于外壳作往复运动，内芯 130带动第一摩擦单元 132与支撑在外壳 230内表面的第二摩擦单元 232发生接触和分离，并在第一导电单元 131和第二导电单元 231之间产生电信号，通过第一导电单元 131和第二导电单元 231将摩擦纳米发电机产生的电信号发送给感应记录装置，同时，感应记录装置记录第一导电单元 131与第二导电单元 231对应的第一摩擦单元 132和第二摩擦单元 232在摩擦纳米发动机中的位置。 Referring to FIG. 14, the gyroscope provided by the present invention comprises a friction nano-generator and an induction recording device, wherein the friction nano-generator is selected from the generators of the first to third embodiments, preferably the first friction unit corresponds to the second friction unit. The friction nano-generator is disposed, and correspondingly, the first conductive unit is correspondingly disposed with the second conductive unit; the inductive recording device is a multi-channel electrical signal recording device, and the first conductive unit and the second conductive correspondingly disposed in the friction nano-generator The units are respectively connected to the two input ends of one path of the inductive recording device, and are in contact with the first friction unit and the second friction unit respectively when the corresponding first friction unit and the second friction unit contact and separate from each other and generate charge transfer The electrical signal generated between the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit is recorded by the inductive recording device, and the position of the friction unit in which the connected conductive unit and the frictional nanogenerator are in contact with each other can be preset in the inductive recording device. relationship. The first conductive unit 131 disposed on the outer surface of the inner core 130 of the friction nano-generator is connected to the inductive recording device, and the second conductive unit 231 disposed on the inner surface of the outer casing 230 is connected to the inductive recording device, and the friction nano-generator is subjected to an external force. When the impact force acts, the inner core reciprocates relative to the outer casing under the action of the elastic member 330, and the inner core 130 drives the first friction unit 132 to contact and separate from the second friction unit 232 supported on the inner surface of the outer casing 230. And generating an electrical signal between the first conductive unit 131 and the second conductive unit 231, and transmitting the electrical signal generated by the friction nano-generator to the inductive recording device through the first conductive unit 131 and the second conductive unit 231, and simultaneously sensing The recording device records the positions of the first friction unit 132 and the second friction unit 232 corresponding to the first conductive unit 131 and the second conductive unit 231 in the friction nano-engine.

本实施例提供的陀螺仪，可以在飞行器自动控制或***中使用时，无需为陀螺仪提供电源，可以自动感应飞行器在 360° (二维空间内）或 4 (三维空间）全方位的姿态。本发明提供的陀螺仪，是一种全新的自驱动陀螺仪，可以应用在飞行器、微机械等领域。 The gyroscope provided by the embodiment can be used in the automatic control of the aircraft or the positioner, and does not need to supply power to the gyroscope, and can automatically sense the attitude of the aircraft in 360° (two-dimensional space) or 4 (three-dimensional space). . The gyroscope provided by the invention is a brand-new self-driven gyroscope, which can be applied in the fields of aircraft and micro-mechanics.

优选的，摩擦纳米发电机中，内芯与外壳之间通过多个弹性部件连接，参见图 14，多个所述弹性部件均应分布在所述内芯与外壳之间，每个弹性部件的顶端连接在内芯 130的外表面，底端连接在外壳 230的内表面。 Preferably, in the friction nanogenerator, the inner core and the outer casing are connected by a plurality of elastic members. Referring to FIG. 14, a plurality of the elastic members are distributed between the inner core and the outer casing, and each elastic member is The top end is coupled to the outer surface of the inner core 130, and the bottom end is coupled to the inner surface of the outer casing 230.

优选的，摩擦纳米发电机的内芯的外表面具有球形对称结构，更优选的，外壳的内表面具有球形对称结构。 Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core of the friction nanogenerator has a spherical symmetrical structure, and more preferably, the inner surface of the outer casing has a spherical symmetrical structure.

优选的，摩擦纳米发电机未受到所述外力作用时，所述内芯基本位于所述外壳内表面围城结构的中心位置，参见图 1、图 10、图 12或图 14等。本发明中的感应记录装置无特殊要求，只要有多对输入端的记录设备都可以应用在本发明的陀螺仪中。例如多个测量电压或电流的仪表集成在一起用作本发明的感应记录装置。 Preferably, when the friction nano-generator is not subjected to the external force, the inner core is substantially located at a center position of the inner wall structure of the inner surface of the outer casing, see FIG. 1, FIG. 10, FIG. 12 or FIG. The inductive recording apparatus of the present invention has no special requirements as long as a plurality of pairs of input recording apparatuses can be applied to the gyroscope of the present invention. For example, a plurality of meters for measuring voltage or current are integrated for use as the inductive recording device of the present invention.

本发明的摩擦纳米发电机的各部分都可以采用现有的技术制备，具体的制备方法在这里不做特别限定。 The various parts of the friction nanogenerator of the present invention can be prepared by the prior art, and the specific preparation method is not particularly limited herein.

以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。 The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above, or modify the equivalents of equivalent changes without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention. Example. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

权利要求 Rights request

1、一种摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，包括内芯和围绕所述内芯的外壳，所述内芯的外表面上设置有若干个第一导电单元，每个所述第一导电单元上表面接触设置第一摩擦单元； 1. A triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that it includes an inner core and an outer shell surrounding the inner core. Several first conductive units are provided on the outer surface of the inner core, and each of the first conductive units The upper surface is in contact with a first friction unit;

所述外壳的内表面上设置有若干个第二导电单元，每个所述第二导电单元上表面接触设置第二摩擦单元； Several second conductive units are provided on the inner surface of the housing, and a second friction unit is provided in contact with the upper surface of each second conductive unit;

所述第一摩擦单元的上表面面向所述第二摩擦单元的上表面或所述外壳的内表面； The upper surface of the first friction unit faces the upper surface of the second friction unit or the inner surface of the housing;

所述内芯的外表面与所述外壳的内表面均为绝缘表面； The outer surface of the inner core and the inner surface of the outer shell are both insulating surfaces;

在外力作用下，所述内芯相对于所述外壳可以往复运动，使至少一个所述第一摩擦单元的上表面与至少一个第二摩擦单元的上表面相互接触后，沿着与相互接触表面的切线垂直的方向分离，在所述第一导电单元与第二导电单元之间产生电信号。 Under the action of external force, the inner core can reciprocate relative to the outer shell, so that after the upper surface of at least one first friction unit and the upper surface of at least one second friction unit come into contact with each other, they move along the mutual contact surface. The tangent is separated in a vertical direction, and an electrical signal is generated between the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit.

2、根据权利要求 1所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯为实心或空心柱体，所述第一摩擦单元设置在所述内芯的外侧面。 2. The friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein the inner core is a solid or hollow cylinder, and the first friction unit is arranged on the outer surface of the inner core.

3、根据权利要求 2所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，在垂直于所述内芯的外侧面的轴线方向的截面形成的图形选自圆形、椭圆形或多边形。 3. The friction nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that the pattern formed in the cross-section perpendicular to the axis direction of the outer surface of the inner core is selected from a circle, an ellipse or a polygon.

4、根据权利要求 3所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述多边形选自等边三角形、正方形、正六边形、正五边形和正八边形。 4. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 3, wherein the polygon is selected from the group consisting of an equilateral triangle, a square, a regular hexagon, a regular pentagon and a regular octagon.

5、根据权利要求 2-4任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述外壳为围绕所述内芯的筒状，所述内芯与所述外壳的延伸方向基本相同。 5. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the outer shell is cylindrical surrounding the inner core, and the inner core and the outer shell extend in substantially the same direction.

6、根据权利要求 5所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述筒状的内侧面为与所述内芯的外侧面形状相同的封闭柱面。 6. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 5, wherein the cylindrical inner surface is a closed cylinder with the same shape as the outer surface of the inner core.

7、根据权利要求 2-4任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述外壳的内表面为非闭合柱面。 7. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the inner surface of the shell is a non-closed cylinder.

8、根据权利要求 1-7任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，多个所述第一摩擦单元与多个所述第二摩擦单元对应设置，使内芯与外壳相对运动时一个第一摩擦单元仅与一个第二摩擦单元接触。 8. The friction nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of first friction units and a plurality of second friction units are arranged correspondingly to cause the inner core and the outer shell to move relative to each other. At this time, one first friction unit only contacts one second friction unit.

9、根据权利要求 2-8任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，若干个所述第一摩擦单元沿着垂直于所述内芯的轴线方向排列；所有所述第二摩擦单元沿着垂直于所述内芯外侧面的轴线方向排列。 9. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein a plurality of the first friction units are arranged along an axis perpendicular to the inner core; all of the second friction units are arranged along an axis perpendicular to the inner core. The units are arranged along an axis perpendicular to the outer surface of the inner core.

10、根据权利要求 9所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯与外壳通过若干个弹性部件连接；每个所述弹性部件的顶端连接在所述内芯，底端连接在所述外壳。 10. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 9, characterized in that, the inner core and the outer shell are connected through several elastic components; the top end of each elastic component is connected to the inner core, and the bottom end is connected to the inner core. The shell.

11、根据权利要求 10所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯采用轴对称的圆柱、椭圆柱或棱柱，所述外壳采用轴对称的圆柱壳、椭圆柱壳或棱柱壳，未施加所述外力时，若干个所述弹性部件使任何所述第一摩擦单元未与所述第二摩擦单元接触。 11. The friction nanogenerator according to claim 10, characterized in that, the inner core adopts an axially symmetrical cylinder, elliptical cylinder or prism, and the outer shell adopts an axially symmetrical cylindrical shell, elliptical cylinder shell or prismatic shell, When the external force is not applied, the plurality of elastic components prevent any of the first friction units from contacting the second friction unit.

12、根据权利要求 8-11任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，若干个所述第一摩擦单元均匀分布在所述内芯的外表面。 12. The friction nanogenerator according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that a plurality of the first friction units are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the inner core.

13、根据权利要求 12所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯的外侧面为圆柱面，所述圆柱面上接触设置了给定数量的所述第一摩擦单元； 13. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 12, wherein the outer surface of the inner core is a cylindrical surface, and a given number of the first friction units are arranged in contact with the cylindrical surface;

所述外壳的内表面为圆柱面，并且直径大于所述内芯外侧面的直径，所述第二摩擦单元的个数与所述第一摩擦单元个数相等； The inner surface of the outer shell is a cylindrical surface, and its diameter is larger than the diameter of the outer surface of the inner core, and the number of the second friction units is equal to the number of the first friction units;

受到所述外力作用时，一个所述第一摩擦单元仅与一个所述第二摩擦单元接触和 /或摩擦。 When subjected to the external force, one of the first friction units only contacts and/or rubs with one of the second friction units.

14、根据权利要求 12所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯的外侧面为棱柱面，所述棱柱面的每个侧面上设置有所述第一摩擦单元； 14. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 12, wherein the outer surface of the inner core is a prism surface, and the first friction unit is provided on each side of the prism surface;

所述外壳的内表面形状与所述内芯外侧面相同，横截面面积大于所述内芯横截面面积，所述外壳的内表面上与所述第一摩擦单元对应位置设置所述第二摩擦单元； The inner surface shape of the outer shell is the same as the outer surface of the inner core, and the cross-sectional area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the inner core. The second friction unit is provided on the inner surface of the outer shell at a position corresponding to the first friction unit. unit;

15、根据权利要求 5-14任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述外壳上还包括外盖，使所述内芯、第一导电单元、第一摩擦单元、第二导电单元和第二摩擦单元都被所述外壳与外盖密封。 15. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 5 to 14, characterized in that the outer shell further includes an outer cover, so that the inner core, the first conductive unit, the first friction unit, the second Both the conductive unit and the second friction unit are sealed by the housing and the outer cover.

16、根据权利要求 1所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯为空心或实心的球体、不规则球体、椭球体、多面体或柱体。 16. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner core is a hollow or solid sphere, irregular sphere, ellipsoid, polyhedron or cylinder.

17、根据权利要求 16所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述外壳为封闭结构，所述外壳的内表面为封闭的球面、不规则球面、椭球面、多棱面或柱面。 17. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 16, characterized in that the outer shell is a closed structure, and the inner surface of the outer shell is a closed spherical surface, an irregular spherical surface, an ellipsoidal surface, a polygonal surface or a cylindrical surface.

18、根据权利要求 16或 17所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯的外表面为球面或椭球面，多个所述第一摩擦单元均匀分布在所述内芯的外表面。 18. The friction nanogenerator according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the outer surface of the inner core is a spherical surface or an ellipsoid surface, and a plurality of the first friction units are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the inner core. surface.

19、根据权利要求 18所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，多个所述第一摩擦单元在所述内芯外表面的周长最大圆周或椭圆周上均匀分布。 19. The friction nanogenerator according to claim 18, wherein a plurality of the first friction units are evenly distributed on the maximum circumference or ellipse of the outer surface of the inner core.

20、根据权利要求 16或 17所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯的外表面包括多个平面，所述多个平面形成的结构为四棱柱或八棱柱，在每个所述平面都设置有第一摩擦单元。 20. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the outer surface of the inner core includes a plurality of planes, and the structure formed by the plurality of planes is a quadrangular prism or an octagonal prism, and in each The planes are all provided with first friction units.

21、根据权利要求 17-20任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述外壳的内表面形状与所述内芯的外表面相同；所述第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元对应设置。 21. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the inner surface shape of the outer shell is the same as the outer surface of the inner core; the first friction unit and the second friction unit have the same shape as the outer surface of the inner core. Unit corresponding settings.

22、根据权利要求 17-21任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯与外壳通过若干个弹性部件连接；每个所述弹性部件的顶端连接在所述内芯，底端连接在所述外壳。 22. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the inner core and the outer shell are connected through a plurality of elastic components; the top end of each elastic component is connected to the inner core. , the bottom end is connected to the housing.

23、根据权利要求 1-22任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯的外表面为球面或椭球面，所述外壳的内表面为球面或椭球面； 23. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the outer surface of the inner core is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, and the inner surface of the outer shell is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface;

未施加所述外力时，所述内芯的外表面的中心位置与所述外壳的内表面的中心位置重合。 When the external force is not applied, the center position of the outer surface of the inner core coincides with the center position of the inner surface of the outer shell.

24、根据权利要求 1-22任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯的外表面为球面或椭球面，所述外壳的内表面为柱面；未施加所述外力时，所述内芯基本位于所述外壳的中部。 24. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the outer surface of the inner core is a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, and the inner surface of the outer shell is a cylindrical surface; the said When external force is applied, the inner core is basically located in the middle of the outer shell.

25、根据权利要求 1-24任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦单元与所述第二摩擦单元对应设置，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面面积小于等于所述第二摩擦单元的上表面面积，在所述外力作用下，使至少一个所述第一摩擦单元的上表面完全与一个所述第二摩擦单元的上表面相互接触和 /或摩擦。 25. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the first friction unit and the second friction unit are arranged correspondingly, and the upper surface area of the first friction unit is less than Equal to the upper surface area of the second friction unit, under the action of the external force, the upper surface of at least one first friction unit and the upper surface of one second friction unit are completely contacted and/or rubbed with each other.

26、根据权利要求 25所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面与所述第二摩擦单元的上表面为互补图形。 26. The friction nanogenerator according to claim 25, wherein the upper surface of the first friction unit and the upper surface of the second friction unit have complementary patterns.

27、根据权利要求 1-26任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面和 /或第二摩擦单元的上表面分布有微米或次微米量级的微结构，或者纳米材料的点缀或涂层。 27. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the upper surface of the first friction unit and/or the upper surface of the second friction unit is distributed on the order of microns or sub-microns. microstructure, or embellishment or coating of nanomaterials.

28、根据权利要求 27所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述微结构选自纳米线、纳米管、纳米颗粒、纳米沟槽、微米沟槽、纳米锥、微米锥、纳米球和微米球状结构。 28. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 27, wherein the microstructure is selected from the group consisting of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, microcones, nanospheres, and Micron spherical structure.

29、根据权利要求 1-28任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面的材料和所述第二摩擦单元的上表面的材料之间存在摩擦电极序差异。 29. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that there is friction between the material of the upper surface of the first friction unit and the material of the upper surface of the second friction unit. Differences in electrode sequence.

30、根据权利要求 1-29任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦单元面向所述壳体的表面材料和 /或所述第二摩擦单元面向所述芯部的表面材料为绝缘材料或半导体材料。 30. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein the first friction unit faces the surface material of the housing and/or the second friction unit faces the core. The surface material of the part is an insulating material or a semiconductor material.

31、根据权利要求 30所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述绝缘材料选自苯胺甲醛树脂、聚甲醛、乙基纤维素、聚酰胺 11、聚酰胺 6-6、羊毛及其编织物、蚕丝及其织物、纸、聚乙二醇丁二酸酯、纤维素、纤维素醋酸酯、聚乙二醇己二酸酯、聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、再生纤维素海绵、棉及其织物、聚氨酯弹性体、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、木头、硬橡胶、醋酸酯、人造纤维、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯醇、聚酯（涤纶）、聚异丁烯、聚氨酯弹性海绵、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、氯丁橡胶、天然橡胶、聚丙烯腈、聚 (偏氯乙烯 -CO-丙烯腈)、聚双酚 A碳酸酯、聚氯醚、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚（2,6 - 二甲基聚亚苯基氧化物）、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚二苯基丙烷碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺、聚氯乙烯、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚三氟氯乙烯和聚四氟乙烯； 31. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 30, characterized in that the insulating material is selected from the group consisting of aniline formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, wool and its weaving fabrics, silk and its fabrics, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulose sponge, Cotton and its fabrics, polyurethane elastic Polymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, wood, hard rubber, acetate, rayon, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester (polyester), polyisobutylene , polyurethane elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, neoprene rubber, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene chloride-CO- Acrylonitrile), polybisphenol A carbonate, polychloroether, polyvinylidene chloride, poly(2,6-dimethylpolyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polydiethylene Phenylpropane carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polychlorotrifluoroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene;

所述半导体材料选自硅、锗、第 III和第 V族化合物、第 II和第 VI族化合物、由 III-V族化合物和 π-νι族化合物组成的固溶体、非晶态的玻璃半导体和有机半导体。 The semiconductor material is selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, Group III and Group V compounds, Group II and Group VI compounds, solid solutions composed of Group III-V compounds and Group π-V compounds, amorphous glass semiconductors and organic semiconductor.

32、根据权利要求 1-31任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面和 /或第二摩擦单元的上表面经过化学改性，使得在所述第一摩擦单元的上表面材料引入容易得到电子的官能团和 /或在所述第二摩擦单元的上表面材料引入容易失去电子的官能团。 32. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the upper surface of the first friction unit and/or the upper surface of the second friction unit is chemically modified, so that The upper surface material of the first friction unit introduces functional groups that easily gain electrons and/or the upper surface material of the second friction unit introduces functional groups that easily lose electrons.

33、根据权利要求 32所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述容易失去电子的官能团包括氨基、羟基或烷氧基；所述容易得到电子的官能团包括酰基、羧基、硝基或磺酸基。 33. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 32, wherein the functional group that easily loses electrons includes an amino group, a hydroxyl group, or an alkoxy group; and the functional group that easily obtains electrons includes an acyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, or a sulfonyl group. Acid group.

34、根据权利要求 1-31任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦单元的上表面和 /或第二摩擦单元的下表面经过化学改性，使得在所述第一摩擦单元的上表面材料引入负电荷和 /或在所述第二摩擦单元的上表面材料引入正电荷。 34. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the upper surface of the first friction unit and/or the lower surface of the second friction unit is chemically modified, so that The upper surface material of the first friction unit introduces negative charges and/or the upper surface material of the second friction unit introduces positive charges.

35、根据权利要求 1-34任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，用导电材料替换绝缘材料或半导体材料制备所述第一摩擦单元或第二摩擦单元。 35. The friction nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that the first friction unit or the second friction unit is prepared by replacing the insulating material or semiconductor material with a conductive material.

36、根据权利要 35所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，构成所述第一摩擦单元或第二摩擦单元的所述导电材料选自金属、导电氧化物和导电高分子。 36. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 35, wherein the conductive material constituting the first friction unit or the second friction unit is selected from the group consisting of metals, conductive oxides and conductive polymers.

37、根据权利要求 1-36任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一导电单元和第二导电单元选自金属、导电氧化物和导电高分子。 37. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit are selected from metals, conductive oxides and conductive polymers.

38、根据权利要求 37所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述金属选自金、银、铂、铝、镍、铜、钛、铬或硒，以及由上述金属形成的合金。 38. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 37, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and alloys formed of the above metals.

39、根据权利要求 1-38任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦单元和 /或第二摩擦单元为薄膜或薄片。 39. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that the first friction unit and/or the second friction unit are films or sheets.

40、根据权利要求 1-39任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦单元和 /或第二摩擦单元为柔性材料。 40. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 39, characterized in that the first friction unit and/or the second friction unit are made of flexible materials.

41、根据权利要求 1-39任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦单元和 /或第二摩擦单元为硬性材料。 41. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 39, characterized in that the first friction unit and/or the second friction unit are made of hard material.

42、根据权利要求 1-41任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一导电单元和 /或第二导电单元为薄膜或薄片。 42. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 41, characterized in that the first conductive unit and/or the second conductive unit are films or sheets.

43、根据权利要求 1-42任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯和 /或外壳为柔性的。 43. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 42, characterized in that the inner core and/or outer shell are flexible.

44、根据权利要求 1-42任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述内芯和 /或外壳为硬质的。 44. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 42, characterized in that the inner core and/or outer shell are hard.

45、一种陀螺仪，其特征在于，包括权利要求 1-44任一项所述的摩擦纳米发电机和感应记录装置，其中， 45. A gyroscope, characterized in that it includes the friction nanogenerator and the induction recording device described in any one of claims 1-44, wherein,

所述摩擦纳米发电机的第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元对应设置； The first friction unit and the second friction unit of the triboelectric nanogenerator are arranged correspondingly;

所述感应记录装置为多通路电信号记录装置，摩擦纳米发电机中对应设置的第一导电单元和第二导电单元分别连接至感应记录装置一个通路的两个输入端；当对应设置的第一摩擦单元与第二摩擦单元互相接触和分离并产生电荷转移时，分别与第一摩擦单元和第二摩擦单元接触的第一导电单元与第二导电单元之间产生的电信号被感应记录装置记录。 The induction recording device is a multi-channel electrical signal recording device, and the corresponding first conductive unit and the second conductive unit in the triboelectric nanogenerator are respectively connected to the two input ends of one channel of the induction recording device; when the corresponding first conductive unit is When the friction unit and the second friction unit contact and separate from each other and generate charge transfer, the electrical signals generated between the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit respectively in contact with the first friction unit and the second friction unit are recorded by the inductive recording device .

46、根据权利要求 45所述的陀螺仪，其特征在于，所述摩擦纳米发电机内芯的外表面具有球形对称结构。 46. The gyroscope according to claim 45, characterized in that the outer surface of the inner core of the friction nanogenerator has a spherical symmetrical structure.

47、根据权利要求 46所述的陀螺仪，其特征在于，所述摩擦纳米发电机外壳的内表面具有球形对称结构。 47. The gyroscope according to claim 46, characterized in that the inner surface of the triboelectric nanogenerator shell has a spherical symmetry structure.

48、根据权利要求 47所述的陀螺仪，其特征在于，未受到所述外力作用时，所述内芯外表面的中心与所述外壳内表面的中心基本重合。 48. The gyroscope according to claim 47, characterized in that, when not acted upon by the external force, the center of the outer surface of the inner core substantially coincides with the center of the inner surface of the outer shell.