WO2014146594A1 - 一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器 - Google Patents

一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014146594A1
WO2014146594A1 PCT/CN2014/073801 CN2014073801W WO2014146594A1 WO 2014146594 A1 WO2014146594 A1 WO 2014146594A1 CN 2014073801 W CN2014073801 W CN 2014073801W WO 2014146594 A1 WO2014146594 A1 WO 2014146594A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
magnetoresistive
output
electrically connected
digital control
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/073801
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钟小军
Original Assignee
江苏多维科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏多维科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏多维科技有限公司
Priority to JP2016503531A priority Critical patent/JP6484217B2/ja
Priority to EP14768979.8A priority patent/EP2978131B1/en
Priority to US14/778,303 priority patent/US9958512B2/en
Publication of WO2014146594A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014146594A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/06Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
    • G01R33/09Magnetoresistive devices
    • G01R33/098Magnetoresistive devices comprising tunnel junctions, e.g. tunnel magnetoresistance sensors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/06Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
    • G01R33/09Magnetoresistive devices
    • G01R33/091Constructional adaptation of the sensor to specific applications
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/06Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
    • G01R33/09Magnetoresistive devices
    • G01R33/093Magnetoresistive devices using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945Proximity switches
    • H03K17/95Proximity switches using a magnetic detector
    • H03K17/9517Proximity switches using a magnetic detector using galvanomagnetic devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of sensor technologies, and in particular, to a low power magnetoresistive switch sensor.
  • Magnetic switch sensors are widely used in consumer electronics, white goods, three-meter (electric meters, water meters, gas meters), automotive and industrial applications.
  • mainstream magnetic switch sensors include Hall sensors and AMR (anisotropic magnetoresistive) sensors.
  • Hall switch sensors and AMR switch sensors can consume up to a few microamps, operate at a frequency of ten Hz, and have a switching point of tens of gauss.
  • the low power consumption of Hall-on sensors and AMR switch sensors in consumer electronics and watch applications is achieved by sacrificing their operating frequency.
  • Hall-switched sensors and AMR-based sensors consume milliamps and operate at kilohertz.
  • the MTJ component is good for the tunnel magnetoresistance effect of the magnetic multilayer film material, mainly in: In the magnetic multilayer film, the resistance of the magnetic multilayer film changes significantly with the change of the magnitude and direction of the external magnetic field. In low-power applications such as consumer electronics and Sanometer, the switching sensor with ⁇ component as the sensitive component consumes microamps at the operating frequency of kilohertz, and the switching point is more than ten gauss; in automotive, industrial In applications such as applications where high operating frequencies are required, switching sensors with MTJ components as sensitive components can operate at frequencies up to megahertz and consume only microamps.
  • MTJ magnetic tunnel junction
  • U.S. Patent No. 2010/0026281 A1 discloses a gradiometer comprising two sensors including a position sensor and a speed sensor for measuring a magnetic target.
  • a Chinese patent application having the application number 20i i l0i25153 5 discloses a magnetic switch sensor using an MTJ element as a sensitive element. This application is based on the above two patents.
  • the prior art switch sensor has high power consumption in both sleep and fraud states, and its operating frequency is low. Therefore, there is a need for a switch sensor that has high sensitivity, low power consumption, high response frequency, and small size in both sleep and active states.
  • the magnetoresistive switch sensor comprises an internal reference voltage circuit, a multiplexer, a magnetoresistive bridge circuit, a comparison circuit, a power voltage stabilization circuit, a digital control circuit and a digital output circuit;
  • the reference voltage circuit is grounded at one end, and the other end thereof is electrically connected to an output end of the power voltage stabilizing circuit;
  • the comparison circuit includes one or more comparators, one end of which is electrically connected to the power voltage stabilizing circuit, and the other end Grounding, the comparison circuit has one or more inputs and one or more outputs, and one or more outputs of the comparison circuit are electrically connected to one of the digital control circuits;
  • One end of the magnetoresistive bridge circuit is electrically connected to the power voltage stabilizing circuit, and the other end thereof is grounded, and the magnetoresistance An output of the bridge circuit is coupled to an input of the comparison circuit;
  • the multiplexer is controlled by the digital control circuit, and the multiplexer is configured to determine which output terminals of the reference voltage circuit are electrically connected to an input end of the comparison circuit;
  • the operational state of the digital control circuit varies with internal logic states and changes in input signals, and the digital spike circuit is electrically coupled to the multiplexer and the digital output circuit.
  • a low-pass filter circuit is disposed between the magnetoresistive bridge circuit and the reference voltage circuit and the comparison circuit, and an input end of the low-pass filter circuit and an output end of the magnetoresistive bridge circuit And an output end of the reference voltage circuit is electrically connected, an output end of the low pass filter circuit is electrically connected to an input end of the comparison circuit, and the low pass filter circuit is configured to attenuate a voltage above a cutoff frequency.
  • the output voltage V Bias of the power voltage stabilization circuit is smaller than the power supply voltage.
  • the comparison circuit includes one or more comparator power switches, and the comparator power switch is configured to determine which current sources are electrically connected to the power terminals of the comparison circuit, and the current source is further connected to the power source
  • the voltage stabilizing circuit is electrically connected, and the comparator power switch is controlled by the digital control circuit.
  • the digital control circuit is part of a digital control system.
  • the digital control system includes a plurality of logic operating modes and triggering conditions for an applied magnetic field. Still further, the output of the digital spike system is dependent on a magnetic field, and the output of the digital control system has a bipolar switching characteristic, a single pole switching characteristic, or an all pole switching characteristic.
  • the magnetoresistive bridge circuit comprises a first magnetoresistive element and a second magnetoresistive element, and the first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element are electrically connected to form a push-pull half bridge.
  • first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element each comprise one or more MTJ elements connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • a sensitive direction of the push-pull half bridge is parallel to a magnetic moment direction of the magnetic pinned layer of the first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element.
  • the digital output circuit includes a latching and driving circuit and an output stage, and an input end of the latching and driving circuit is electrically connected to an output end of the digital control circuit, and an output end of the latching and driving circuit Electrically coupled to the output stage.
  • the magnetoresistive switch sensor of the present invention utilizes an MTJ element to sense a nearby ferromagnetic substance for a sensitive element, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, low power consumption, high response frequency, small volume, and good temperature characteristics.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance of an MTJ component of the prior art and an applied magnetic field
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a push-pull half-bridge magnetoresistive sensor in the prior art
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage of the push-pull half-bridge magnetoresistive sensor at two different temperatures and the applied magnetic field;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an analog reference voltage and a bridge circuit
  • Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of an analog filter and comparator of a bipolar and unipolar magnetoresistive switch sensor
  • Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of a bipolar and unipolar magnetoresistive switch sensor
  • Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage of the bipolar magnetoresistive switch sensor and the applied magnetic field
  • Fig. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage of the unipolar magnetoresistive switch sensor and the applied magnetic field
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage of the bridge-type reluctance switch sensor and the applied magnetic field
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage of the all-pole type magnetoresistive switch sensor and the applied magnetic field
  • Figure 12 is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a circuit diagram of an omnipolar magnetoresistive switch sensor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a timing diagram showing the operation of an omnipolar magnetoresistive switch sensor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the prior art MT magnetic tunnel junction element is a nano-scale multilayer film structure.
  • the MTJ element includes an antiferromagnetic layer 1, a magnetic pinned layer 2, a non-magnetic oxide layer 3, and a magnetic free layer 4.
  • the magnetic moment direction 5 of the magnetic nailed layer 2 and the magnetic moment direction 6 of the magnetic free layer 4 are perpendicular or at an angle to each other.
  • the magnetic moment direction 6 of the magnetic free layer 4 changes as the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field 7 changes.
  • the working principle of the MTJ element is:
  • the resistance of the ⁇ ' ⁇ element varies with the angle between the magnetic moment direction 6 of the magnetic self-layer 4 and the magnetic moment direction 5 of the magnetic pinned layer 2.
  • the resistance of the MTJ element also changes.
  • the magnetic moment direction 6 of the magnetic free layer 4 and the applied magnetic field 7 are parallel, resulting in the magnetic moment direction 6 of the magnetic free layer 4 being parallel to the magnetic moment direction 5 of the magnetic pinned layer 2, at which time the resistance of the MTJ element is minimized.
  • the direction of the magnetic field 7 is anti-parallel to the magnetic moment direction 5 of the magnetic nailed layer 2, and the intensity of the applied magnetic field 7 is greater than H2, the magnetic moment direction 6 of the magnetic free layer 4 is parallel to the direction of the applied magnetic field 7.
  • the magnetic moment direction 6 of the magnetic free layer 4 is antiparallel to the magnetic moment direction 5 of the magnetic pinned layer 2, at which time the resistance of the MTJ element is maximum.
  • the magnetic field range between Hi and H2 is the measurement range of the MTJ component.
  • the present invention biases the magnetic moment direction of the magnetic free layer in the following manner or a combination of the following modes to realize magnetic
  • the direction of the magnetic moment of the free layer is perpendicular or at an angle to the direction of the magnetic moment of the magnetic layer: an antiferromagnetic layer is deposited on the upper or lower layer of the magnetic free layer, between the antiferromagnetic layer and the magnetic free layer Exchanging the coupling to bias the direction of the magnetic moment of the magnetic free layer; biasing the magnetic moment of the magnetic free layer by a Neil coupling between the magnetic self-twisting layer and the magnetically pinned layer: on the sensor Integrating a current coil for biasing the magnetic moment direction of the magnetic free layer, the current flowing through the current coil is the same as the magnetic moment of the magnetic pinned layer; the magnetic moment direction of the magnetic free layer is near The permanent magnet is biased.
  • the push-pull half-bridge MTJ switch sensor of the prior art includes a first magnetoresistive element 11, a second magnetoresistive element 12, and an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) chip 13.
  • the ASIC chip 13 is matched with the first magnetoresistive element 11 and the second magnetoresistive element 12, and the first magnetoresistive element 11 and the second magnetoresistive element 12 are both sensing elements, and the two are electrically connected to form a push-pull Half bridge.
  • the first magnetoresistive element 11 and the second magnetoresistive element 12 each comprise one or more germanium elements, and the first magnetoresistive element 1 or the MTj elements of the second magnetoresistive element 12 are connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ component is a nano-scale multilayer film structure including a magnetic free layer and a magnetic pinned layer.
  • the magnetic moment 121 of the magnetic free layer of the first magnetoresistive element 11 is anti-parallel to the direction of the magnetic moment 122 of the magnetic free layer of the second magnetoresistive element 12.
  • the magnetic moment 111 of the first magnetoresistive element ii is reversely parallel to the direction of the magnetic moment 112 of the magnetic pinned layer of the second magnetoresistive element 12.
  • the magnetic moment 111 of the magnetic pinned layer of the first magnetoresistive element 11 is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic moment 121 of the magnetic free layer thereof, and the magnetic moment 112 of the magnetic pinned layer of the second magnetoresistive element 12 and its magnetic free layer
  • the directions of the magnetic moments 122 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the sensitive direction 70 of the push-pull half bridge is parallel to the magnetic moment direction of the magnetically pinned layer of the first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element 12.
  • the ASIC chip i3 is used to provide a textual description of the constant voltage Venfin D rF surface for the push-pull half bridge and V B , as in the figure, and is used to convert the voltage signal outputted by the push-pull half bridge into a switching signal.
  • the ASIC chip 13 can output different switching signals according to different technical requirements. For example, the ASIC chip 13 can output a bipolar switching signal as shown in FIG. 8, a single pole switching signal as shown in FIG. 9, or as shown in FIG. The all-pole switching signal shown.
  • the relationship between the output voltage of the push-pull half bridge and the applied magnetic field is as shown in Fig. 4, wherein the temperature range between the high temperature and the low temperature is the magnetoresistive switch sensor of the present embodiment.
  • the high temperature is, for example, 100 ⁇ , abbreviated as HT; and the low temperature is 0 ⁇ , abbreviated as LT.
  • the curve 35 in Fig. 4 corresponds to the curve in Fig. 2, but the magnetic resistance of the magnetoresistive element in Fig. 4 is the magnetic moment of the layer. Rotated relative to the applied magnetic field 7: 80 degrees.
  • the relationship between the resistance of the first magnetoresistive element li of the push-pull half bridge and the applied magnetic field shows a negative slope
  • the relationship between the resistance of the second magnetoresistive element 12 of the push-pull half bridge and the applied magnetic field shows a positive slope
  • the output voltage V Bndge at the low temperature of the push-pull half bridge is as shown by the solid curve 2]. As can be seen from the ffl curve 21, the output voltage V B n dge is gradually increased from the minimum value V Mm : L 23 to the maximum value V Max LT 25 .
  • the first magnetoresistive element li and the second magnetoresistive element 12 of the push-pull half bridge have a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and a corresponding negative temperature coefficient resistance sensitivity (TCRS: Temperature Coefficient of Resistance S Sitiwty). When using a push-pull bridge structure, the corresponding temperature coefficient voltage sensitivity TCV) is -100O ppmA:].
  • V Bndge when the temperature changes over 100 ⁇ , for rings of a predetermined bias voltage V bias magnetic field and 7, the change in V Bndge is - 10%.
  • the output voltage V Bndge at the high temperature of the tapered half bridge is shown by the dashed curve 22, as can be seen from the curve 22, the output voltage V Bndge is increased from the minimum value V Mffi HT 26 to the maximum value V Max HT 27 .
  • Half of V bias corresponds to the midpoint V Mid 24 of the curve.
  • the value of V bi3S is generally IV, so V Mi d is 0,5V.
  • the output of the comparison circuit described later depends on the two voltage signals input at its input, where one voltage signal is the output voltage V Bndge provided by the push-pull half bridge 87 in Figure 4, and the other voltage signal is the internal reference
  • the reference voltage V Rrf provided by the voltage circuit.
  • the value of the reference voltage V Ref is controlled by the digital control circuit described below.
  • One possible value of the reference voltage V Ref is 29 shown in Figure 4, which is the * pole operating point voltage (VopS).
  • Another possible value of V Ref is 28 shown in Figure 4, that is, the north pole operating point voltage (V). OP N).
  • the low temperature curve 21 of the output voltage V Bm i £e of the push-pull half bridge passes through the south pole operating point voltage V OP S 29 , and when the applied magnetic field is ⁇ - UB1, The low temperature curve 21 of the output voltage V BNDGE of the half bridge passes through the Arctic work point voltage VOPN 28.
  • the circuit is switched by the comparison circuit. This phenomenon is called “temperature dependent output” and this phenomenon often has a negative impact on sensing applications.
  • the internal reference voltage circuit and the push-pull half-bridge circuit are shown in Figure 5, wherein the right half of the bridge is a magnetoresistive bridge circuit, a push-pull half-bridge, as shown in the dashed box 87.
  • the push-pull half bridge 87 includes two resistors 56 and 56' whose characteristics result in an output voltage V Bndge 59 represented by curve 21 in FIG.
  • the left half of the bridge is the internal reference voltage circuit.
  • the internal reference voltage circuit 86 includes ten series resistors 131-140. The resistance of the resistors 131-140 does not vary with the applied magnetic field. change.
  • This internal reference voltage circuit 86 forms a half bridge, and the internal reference voltage circuit 86 and the push-pull half bridge 87 form a full bridge.
  • the internal reference voltage circuit 86 includes seven voltage output terminals, and the seven voltage output terminals output seven kinds of voltage signals, wherein six kinds of voltage signals can be used as corresponding switching thresholds, that is, the south pole operating point voltage V OP S and the south pole reset point voltage.
  • V RP S, South Pole standby threshold voltage V ST S, Arctic operating point voltage VOPN North Pole reset point voltage V RP N and North Pole standby threshold point voltage V ST N the six voltage signals are taken from the connection node shown in Figure 5, and the other voltage signal is the midpoint voltage V Mid .
  • dashed boxes 86 and 87 can be integrated onto the same silicon chip, or the dashed box 87 can have one or more cores containing magnetoresistive elements.
  • the connection of one chip to another can be achieved by wire bonding or other common methods.
  • the entire circuit is powered between ground and V Bias 63, where V Bias 63 is a fixed voltage controlled by the circuit described below.
  • H OP S is 590 mV. This conversion occurs when the applied magnetic field is +30 Oe.
  • Table 1 Reference voltage and magnetic field strength corresponding to V Bias in bipolar, unipolar and omnipolar magnetoresistance thyristor circuits
  • the relationship curve 21 between the output voltage Vo UT and the magnetic field in FIG. 4 can be converted from the magnetic field unit Oe to the percentage of V Bias as shown in the fifth column of Table 1;
  • ⁇ 8 is not necessarily an IV, which is just a typical value for explanation.
  • the seventh column in the table is the magnetic field value required to compile the switch sensor, and its unit is Oe.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an analog filter and comparator for a bipolar and unipolar magnetoresistive switch sensor.
  • Comparator 61 is a high gain amplifier. When the output V A 67 of the comparator 61 is H or 1, the output V A 67 of the comparator 61 is in a high state; when the output V A 67 of the comparator 61 is L or 0, it represents the output V of the comparator 61. A 67 is in a low state. When the voltage at the positive input terminal 65 is greater than the voltage at the negative input terminal 66, the output is in a high state.
  • the voltage value of the high level state of the output V A 67 of the comparator 61 is slightly smaller than V cc 8], and the voltage value of the low level state of the output V A 67 of the comparator 61 is slightly larger than the ground terminal 64 or 0V.
  • Comparator 6 is connected to power supply input V ⁇ through forward power input 62.
  • V Biidge 71 is from the push-pull half-bridge portion of Figure 5. , that is, the portion indicated by the broken line frame 87.
  • V Ref can be ⁇ 01 > or V RP .
  • Each input passes through standard RC low pass filters 72 and 72'.
  • Each low-pass filter has a resistor 73, 73', and a capacitor 74, 74' mecanic the output signal amplitude is reduced by 3dB.
  • the frequency can be calculated by the commonly used formula (1) -
  • the circuit diagram of comparator 61 and filters 72, 72' is part of the circuit diagram shown in FIG. In Figure 7, the power supply is electrically coupled between Vcc 81 and ground point 64.
  • the power supply voltage stabilizing circuit 83 provides a stable analog bias voltage V B , as 63 for the internal reference voltage circuit 86 and the magnetoresistive bridge circuit 87.
  • the multiplexer 88 MUX1 is a switch electrically connected to the reference voltage output terminal of the internal reference voltage circuit 86 and the input terminal 7 of the low pass filter circuit 91.
  • the output terminal of the magnetoresistive bridge circuit 87 is electrically connected to the low pass filter circuit.
  • the input of 91 is 7 ⁇ .
  • the output of the low pass filter circuit 91 is electrically coupled to the input of the comparator 61, and the comparator 61 output V A is electrically coupled to the digital spike circuit 92.
  • Digital control circuit 92 has two outputs: one is multiplexer 88 ⁇ and the other is electrically coupled to latch and drive circuit 93, the output of latch and drive circuit 93 is coupled to the output stage, which in turn can drive the output level.
  • the output stage has dual transistors 94 and 95, which enable fast switching without the high power supply.
  • the output of the circuit is VOUT85.
  • the digital control system of the present embodiment includes a digital control circuit 92 and a set of "logical operation modes".
  • "Logical mode of operation” has the following properties - 1) The logic of the sleeve image or ' ⁇ ' and "o" indicate binary;
  • the digital control circuit 92 includes a mode name indicating a binary system, and a logic program for realizing the required "electronic operation" when a logic mode is entered, and switching from one mode to another after implementing a "trigger condition" A logic program that is performed in one mode.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage of the bipolar switch sensor and the magnetic field.
  • the magnetoresistive switch circuit shown in Fig. 7 can have two forms indicating the relationship between the output voltage and the applied magnetic field ⁇ .
  • the first form of bipolar switch sensor is shown in Figure 8.
  • the output voltage is switched between a high voltage V HK3 ⁇ 4 03 and a low voltage Vu) W 104 .
  • the applied magnetic field value is H OT S or H RP N
  • the switch switches between 101 and 102.
  • digital control circuit 92 must use ⁇ 188 to select the two reference voltages V OP S and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ that are passed to comparator 61.
  • a logical truth table for the operation of the 3 ⁇ 4 pole type sensor is shown in the upper part of Table 2.
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage of a unipolar thyristor sensor and an applied magnetic field.
  • the second possible form of the output of the magnetoresistive switch circuit shown in Figure 7 is in unipolar form, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the two voltage values are switched between a high voltage 1030 and a low voltage Vuwi04.
  • the applied magnetic field value is H OP S or H RP
  • the switch switches between 106 and 107.
  • the digital control circuit 92 must use the MUX 188 to select the two reference voltages V OT S and V OP N that are passed to the comparator 61.
  • a logically true operation of a unipolar switching sensor Table 2 ASIC Digital Circuit Truth Table for Bipolar and Unipolar Reluctance Switch Sensors.
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage of a push-pull magnetoresistive bridge and an applied magnetic field.
  • the midpoint voltage V Mld 24 is approximately at the midpoint of V Max 25 and V Mi;;
  • the value of the magnetic field converted by the comparator 61 is expressed as: the south pole standby threshold H ST S 41 , the south pole reset value H RP S 43, the south pole running value H OT S 45 , the north pole standby threshold H ST 42, the north pole reset value H RP N44 and the north pole. Run the value H 0 pN46.
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage of an omnipolar thyristor sensor and an applied magnetic field.
  • the circuit uses the same analog bridge and reference voltage as the bipolar magnetoresistive sensor and the unipolar magnetoresistive switch sensor. However, different comparators and logic circuits are required, as shown in Figures 12 and 13.
  • the output switches between high voltage V HKiH 103 and low voltage V w i04.
  • the applied magnetic field value is H OP S or H RP S
  • the switch switches between 47 and 48, but when the applied magnetic field value is H OP N Or H RP N, the switch switches between 47' and 48'.
  • the digital control circuit 192 must use MU:X1]88 to select the reference voltage that V ST S, V RP S or V OP S passes to the comparator 61, and the j3 ⁇ 4 MUX2 ⁇ 89 to select V ST N, V RP N or V OP N is passed to the reference voltage of the comparator 61.
  • the total applied magnetic field range is divided into six logical operating modes: Arctic operating mode, North Pole reset mode, Arctic standby mode, South Pole mode, South Pole reset mode, and South Pole standby mode.
  • Standby mode occurs between H S1 N and H ST S of the applied magnetic field.
  • These standby modes have creative properties.
  • these standby modes have this new "electronically operated" way of conserving power by activating switches SW1 170 and SW2 270.
  • this also causes the MUX 1 188 and MUX2 189 to select a new reference voltage.
  • the digital labels (111), (1 10), (101), (001), (010), and (01) of the different logical operation modes of the six field regions are shown in the corresponding fields at the bottom of FIG.
  • Table 3 shows the logical truth table for omnipolar switching operation.
  • the "Electronic Operation" of MUX MUX 2, SW 1 and SW 2 and the “Trigger Condition” required to switch from one mode to another are shown in the logic mode in Table 4.
  • Table 3 True Value of All-Pole Switch Sensor table. Symbol VBridge Trigger condition Vs V N SW1 SW2 Running bridge voltage V A V B (Mu l) (Mux2) Switch off T mode Input voltage South Pole Arctic 1 21 Power out
  • BRPN >BRPN 0 l- 0 101 ⁇ 111 0 1
  • FIG. A circuit diagram of an analog filter and a comparator in an omnipolar magnetoresistive switch according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. Shown. They have similar functions to the comparison circuit in Figure 6, but require an additional comparator for the omnipolar reluctance switch operation, as well as a power-saving feature.
  • the left side of Figure 12 shows the input to the analog filter.
  • the south pole reference voltage V REF 171 is connected to a low pass filter 172, which includes a resistor 173 and a capacitor ⁇ 4.
  • the output of the low pass filter 72 is electrically coupled to the negative input 66 of the comparator 161.
  • V Bndge ni ' is connected to a low pass filter 172', which includes a resistor 173' and a capacitor 174'.
  • the output of low pass filter 172' is electrically coupled to negative input 266 of second comparator 261 and forward input i65 of first comparator 16.
  • the opposite polarity electrical connection between V Bi . ldge and the comparator enables the anti-symmetric relationship between V OTT and the applied magnetic field.
  • the north reference voltage V REF 271 is electrically coupled to a low pass filter 272 that includes a resistor 273 and a capacitor 274, the output of which is electrically coupled to the forward input 265 of the second comparator 261.
  • the two comparators provided in this embodiment are the first comparator 161 and the second comparator 261.
  • the first comparator 161 has a positive and negative inputs 165 to the input 166, the output V A of 67].
  • the power required by the first comparator 161 is provided between V Bias 63 and ground 64.
  • Current sources 168 and 169 provide currents of 0.05 ⁇ and 2.0 ⁇ , respectively, and the supplied current passes through forward power source 162.
  • the first switch (SW i ) 170 determines whether or not the current source 169 is connected, and the current source 68 is kept in an ON state.
  • the second comparator 261 has a forward input 265 and a negative input 266 with an output of ⁇ 8 of 267.
  • the power required by the second comparator 261 is provided between V Bia5 263 and ground 64.
  • Current sources 268 and 269 provide currents of 0.05 ⁇ and 2.0 ⁇ , respectively, and the supplied current passes through forward power source 262.
  • the second switch (SW2) 270 determines whether or not the current source 269 is connected, and the current source 268 is kept in an ON state.
  • the first switch 170 and the second switch 270 of the current source provide a means of reducing power consumption during operation.
  • Table 5 shows the total current consumption in different modes. Table 5: Operating modes of the all-pole magnetoresistance and the corresponding current consumption.
  • Figure 13 is a circuit diagram of an omnipolar low power magnetoresistive switch sensor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Voltage regulator 383 provides a stable low voltage supply V B , as 163 to internal reference voltage circuit 86 and magnetoresistive bridge circuit 87.
  • the replica MUX1 188 is a switch that connects an output of the reference voltage between the south reference of the internal reference voltage circuit 87 and the south reference voltage V Ref input 71 ' to the low pass filter circuit 190.
  • the bridge output V idge is connected to the input 171 ' of the low pass filter circuit 190.
  • the MUX2 is a switch that connects an output of the reference voltage between the north end of the internal reference voltage circuit 87 and the north reference voltage V Rei output 271 to the low pass filter circuit 190.
  • the outputs V A and V B of the two comparators are connected to the input of digital control circuit 192.
  • the output stage has two transistors 394, 395, which can be switched quickly without the need for high power.
  • the output of the circuit is V. UT 385.
  • the response of digital control circuit 192 to its input signals V A and V B is detailed in Tables 3 and 4, and the timing diagrams are listed in Figure 4.
  • Figure 14 is a timing diagram showing the operation of an omnipolar low power magnetoresistive switch sensor.
  • the timeline is unitless and is not an exact linear relationship. To help explain, the timeline is in a scaled-down form rather than providing quantitative details.
  • the time is in turn labeled T e , T f , ..., T j (S.
  • the output voltage V Bndge of the magnetoresistive bridge circuit 87 is indicated by a dashed curve 201. It represents the signal when a magnet moves across the sensor. This signal also transmits a quasi-sinusoidal applied magnetic field signal to the magnetoresistive bridge.
  • the bridge voltage V Bndge is proportional to the applied magnetic field, so the two curves are plotted on the same set of vertical axes, curve 201.
  • the left axis shows the value of the applied magnetic field 7.
  • the vertical axis on the right side shows the reference voltage value as the threshold valued and as a percentage of V BiAS .
  • the upper half of the figure has a positive (north) magnetic field value and a positive bridge voltage V Bndge .
  • the lower half of the figure has a negative (north) magnetic field value and a negative bridge voltage V Bridge .
  • the South Pole reference voltage V REF is represented by the solid line 202, which has one constant steady state value: V ST S, VOPS, and V RP S.
  • the north reference voltage V REF E3 ⁇ 4 is indicated by the solid line 203 and has a constant steady state value: V ST N, ⁇ 01 ⁇ and ⁇ ]3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ .
  • Curves 202 and 203 have a measurable time to switch from one state to another. These two signals are from reference voltage circuit 86.
  • the relationship between the digital state of the multiplexer MUXi and the NMOS is indicated by the solid line 210.
  • the multiplexer MUX1 can select one of three South PW reference voltages, V REF : VSTS, 3 ⁇ 4!>8 or ⁇ 8.
  • the relationship between the digital state of the multiplexer MUX2 and time is indicated by the solid line 211, which can select one of the values of the north reference voltage V REF : V ST N , VOPN or V RP N.
  • the state of these numbers does not indicate the voltage level, but rather indicates which reference voltage EF they are connected to.
  • the output connections of the first comparator and the second comparator are voltage signals v A and V B , respectively .
  • the relationship between these two digital levels versus time is indicated by solid lines 204 and 205, which represent digital level switching between the ground line and VAS .
  • the external output connection 385 of the circuit has a voltage level V OUT , the relationship between the voltage signal and time being a solid line 206.
  • V OUT is switched between being close to ground and V cc .
  • the high level above these curves indicates that the ⁇ is closed and additional current flows into the comparator supply.
  • the circuit indicates the relationship between the total quiescent current and time of the solid line 214. The value of this curve is between ⁇ . ⁇ ⁇ and 2 ⁇ — ⁇ .
  • switches SW1 and SW2 are both broken. At any time, neither SW 1 nor SW2 can be closed at the same time.
  • the bridge V Bndge curve 201 is now used as an example signal to describe the relationship between the operation of the entire circuit and time.
  • the logic design is described in Tables 3 and 4 above.
  • V Bndge 0V
  • V OUT High
  • the bridge voltage V B Cred dge increases, at which time it is the threshold V ST S of the current voltage of the first comparator. After the elapse of time dT T 2 - T 3 , this will cause V A to switch to the 1 state. Because the first comparator The power supply is low, dT is relatively long, for example 1 millisecond, resulting in signal delay.
  • the next switching occurs, which is determined by the clock frequency f of the logic circuit.
  • V Bndge continues to increase.
  • V Bndge reaches the existing voltage threshold Vo P S of the first comparator on curve 202, which causes V A to switch to the 0 state.
  • that is, within the time period - 3 - ⁇ - ⁇ , the following occurs:
  • Output 206 goes low, logic, that is, standby line 207 is 0, south pole operation mode 208 is switched from 1 to 0, and the north pole operation mode is 0.
  • Complex]3 ⁇ 4" 210 switches to V RP S, causing curve 202 to be biased towards V RP S, which is in the South Pole mode (010).
  • V fcidg to the voltage threshold of the first comparator on curve 202 is ⁇ 8, which causes V A to switch from 0 to 1.
  • output 206 transitions from low level to high level
  • logic that is, standby line 207 is 0, * pole mode 208 is 0.
  • the north pole operating mode is 0, complex] 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 210 switch to V ST S, causing curve 202 to bias V ST S.
  • the circuit is in the South Pole mode (01)).
  • Output 206 is high, logic, that is, standby line 207 is switched from 1 to 0, South Pole operating mode 208 is 0, Arctic operating mode is switched from 0 to 1, and multiplexer 2 211 is switched to V OP N, causing the curve 203 of the north pole reference voltage V Ref to be biased toward V OP N
  • Salt switch SW2 213 is closed, providing more current to the second comparator, the electricity The road is in the Arctic mode (111).
  • the bridge voltage V Bndge continues to decrease, at T 9 , ⁇ 1 reaches the existing voltage threshold V Ri >N of the second comparator on curve 203, which causes the output V B 205 of the second comparator to switch from 0 to 1.
  • ⁇ 9 ⁇ a queue condition occurs: Output 206 transitions from a low level to a high level, logic, that is, standby line 207 switches from 0 to 1, antarctic operation mode 208 is 0, and north pole operation mode 209 is 0.
  • the multiplexer 2 2U switches to V ST N , causing the curve 203 of the North Pole reference voltage V Ref to be biased towards V ST N , which is in the North Pole mode (111).
  • Bridge voltage ViMdge continues to decrease, when T ie, ⁇ & 1 reaches the conventional voltage threshold V curve 203 of the second comparator ST N, the [tau], i.e. the ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 + ⁇ , the occurrence of the next time period following conditions: Output 206 is high, logic, that is, standby line 207 ⁇ 0 switches to 1, south pole operation mode 208 is 0, north pole operation mode 209 is 0, switch SW2 213 is closed, and the circuit is in standby mode (001).
  • the low power magnetoresistive switch sensor of the present invention has the following two advantages -

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
  • Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器,包括内部参考电压电路、复用器、磁电阻电桥电路、比较电路、电源稳压电路、数字控制电路和数字输出电路;内部参考电压电路一端接地,其另一端电连接于电源稳压电路的输出端;比较电路包括一个或多个比较器,其一端电连接于电源稳压电路,另一端接地,比较电路具有一个或多个输入端和一个或多个输出端,且比较电路的一个或多个输出端与数字控制电路中的一个输入端电连接;磁电阻电桥电路一端与电源稳压电路的输出端电连接,其另一端接地,磁电阻电桥电路的输出端与比较电路的一个输入端电连接。所述低功耗磁电阻开关传感器具有灵敏度高、功耗低、响应频率高、体积小、温度特性好的优点。

Description

种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器 技术领域
本发明涉及传感器技术领域, 特别涉及一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器。
背景技术
磁性开关传感器广泛用于消费电子、 白色家电、 :三表 (电表、 水表、 气表)、 汽车以及 工业应用领域。 目前, 主流的磁性开关传感器有霍尔传感器和 AMR (各向异性磁阻)传感 器。在消费电子和三表应用领域,霍尔开关传感器和 AMR开关传感器的功耗可达几微安, 其工作频率为十几赫兹,其开关点为几十高斯。霍尔幵关传感器和 AMR开关传感器在消 费电子和 Ξ:表应用领域的低功耗是通过牺牲其工作频率获得的。 在汽车和工业应用等需 要高工作频率的领域, 霍尔开关传感器和 AMR幵关传感器的功耗为毫安级,其工作频率 为千赫兹级。
近年来, 以 MTJ (磁隧道结) 元件为敏感元件的新型磁电阻传感器开始应 于工业 领域。 MTJ元件利 ]¾的是磁性多层膜材料的隧道磁电阻效应, 主要表现在: 在磁性多层 膜 料中, 随着外磁场大小和方向的变化, 磁性多层膜的电阻发生明显变化。 在消费电 子和:三表等低功耗应用领域, 以 ΜΉ元件为敏感元件的开关传感器在工作频率为千赫兹 级时的功耗为微安级, 开关点为十几高斯; 在汽车、 工业应用等需要高工作频率的领域, 以 MTJ元件为敏感元件的开关传感器的工作频率可达兆赫兹级, 其功耗仅为微安级。
在技术应用中,磁性开关设备的一些技术说明是众所周知的。美国专利 2010/0026281 A1公开了一种包括两个传感器的梯度仪, 该梯度仪包括测量磁性目标的位置传感器和速 度传感器。 申请号为 20i i l0i25153 5的中国专利申请公幵了一种以 MTJ元件为敏感元件 的磁性开关传感器。 本申请以上述两件专利为参考。
现有技术中的开关传感器, 其在休眠和工诈状态的功耗都较高, 且其工作频率较低。 因此, 需要一种在休眠和工作状态均具有高灵敏度、 低功耗、 高响应频率、 体积小的开 关传感器。
发明 Λ容
本发明的目的是提供一种磁电阻开关传感器。
本发明提供的磁电阻开关传感器包括内部参考电压电路、 复用器、 磁电阻电桥电路、 比较电路、 电源稳压电路、 数字控制电路和数字输出电路;
所述参考电压电路一端接地, 其另一端电连接于所述电源稳压电路的输出端; 所述比较电路包括一个或多个比较器, 其一端电连接于所述电源稳压电路, 另一端 接地, 所述比较电路具有一个或多个输入端和一个或多个输出端, 所述比较电路的一 个或多个输出端与所述数字控制电路中的一个输入端电连接;
所述磁电阻电桥电路一端与所述电源稳压电路电连接, 其另一端接地, 所述磁电阻 电桥电路的输出端与所述比较电路的一个输入端连接;
所述复用器被所述数字控制电路控制, 所述复 ^器用于决定所述参考电压电路的哪 些输出端与所述比较电路的一个输入端电连接;
所述数字控制电路的运行状态随内部逻辑状态和输入信号的变化而变化, 旦所述数 字控刺电路与所述复用器和所述数字输出电路电连接。
优选地, 在所述磁电阻电桥电路和所述参考电压电路与所述比较电路中间设有 低 通滤波电路, 所述低通滤波电路的输入端与所述磁电阻电桥电路的输出端和所述参考电 压电路的输出端电连接, 所述低通滤波电路的输出端与所述比较电路的输入端电连接, 所述低通滤波电路用于减弱在截止频率以上的电压。
优选地, 所述电源稳压电路的输出电压 VBias小于电源电压。
进一歩地, 所述比较电路包括一个或多个比较器电源开关, 所述比较器电源开关用 于决定哪些电流源与所述比较电路的电源端电连接, 所述电流源还与所述电源稳压电路 电连接, 所述比较器电源开关被所述数字控制电路控制。
优选地, 所述数字控制电路为数字控制***的一部分。
进一歩地, 所述数字控制***包括多个逻辑运行模式和外加磁场的触发条件。 再进一步地, 所述数字控刺***的输出依赖于磁场, 所述数字控制***的输出具有 双极开关特性、 单极开关特性或者全极开关特性。
优选地, 所述磁电阻电桥电路包括第一磁电阻元件和第二磁电阻元件, 且第 ·磁电 阻元件和第二磁电阻元件电连接构成一推挽半桥。
进一歩地, 所述第一磁电阻元件和所述第二磁电阻元件各包括一个或多个串联和 /或 并联的 MTJ元件。
进一步地, 所述推挽半桥的敏感方向与所述第一磁电阻元件和所述第二磁电阻元件 的磁性被钉扎层的磁矩方向平行。
优选地, 所述数字输出电路包括锁存和驱动电路以及输出级, 所述锁存和驱动电路 的输入端与所述数字控制电路的输出端电连接, 所述锁存和驱动电路的输出端与所述输 出级电连接。
本发明具有如下有益效果- 本发明的磁电阻开关传感器利用 MTJ元件为敏感元件对靠近的铁磁物质进行感应, 具有灵敏度高、 功耗低、 响应频率高、 体积小、 温度特性好的优点。
跗图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例技术中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例技术描述中所 需要使 ffl的對图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的 ϋ图仅仅是本发明的一些实 施^ , 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提 Τ, 还可以根据这些 图 1为现有技术的 ΜΉ元件的多层膜结构示意图;
图 2为现有技术的 MTJ元件的电阻与外加磁场之间的关系曲线图;
图 3为现有技术中的推挽半桥磁阻传感器的示意图;
图 4为推挽半桥磁电阻传感器在两种不同温度下的输出电压与外加磁场之间的关系 曲线图;
图 5为模拟参考电压和桥式电路的示意图;
图 6为双极型和单极型磁电阻开关传感器的模拟过滤器和比较器的电路图; 图 7为双极型和单极型磁电阻开关传感器的电路图;
图 8为双极型磁电阻开关传感器的输出电压与外加磁场之间的关系曲线图; 图 9为单极型磁电阻开关传感器的输出电压与外加磁场之间的关系曲线图; 图 10为推挽桥式磁阻开关传感器的输出电压与外加磁场之间的关系曲线图; 图 11为全极型磁电阻开关传感器的输出电压与外加磁场之间的关系曲线图; 图 12为根据本发明优选实施例的全极型磁电阻开关传感器的模拟过滤器和比较器的 电路图;
图 13为根据本发明优选实施倒的全极型磁电阻开关传感器的电路图;
14为根据本发明优选实施例的全极型磁电阻开关传感器操作的时序图。
具体实施方式
下面结合跗图及实施例对本发明的发明内容作进一步的描述。
实施例
如图 1所示, 现有技术的 MT 磁隧道结)元件为纳米级的多层膜结构。 MTJ元件包 括反铁磁层 1、 磁性被钉扎层 2、 非磁性氧化物层 3和磁性自由层 4。 磁性被钉钆层 2的 磁矩方向 5与磁性自由层 4的磁矩方向 6相互垂直或呈一定角度。 磁性自由层 4的磁矩 方向 6随着夕卜加磁场 7的大小和方向的改变而变化。 MTJ元件的工作原理为: Μ'Π元件 的电阻随着磁性自 层 4的磁矩方向 6与磁性被钉扎层 2的磁矩方向 5的夹角的变化而 变化。当磁性自由层 4的磁矩方向 6随着外加磁场 7的大小和方向的改变而变化时, MTJ 元件的电阻也随之变化。
如图 2所示, 当外加磁场 7的方向与磁性被钉扎层 2的磁矩方向 5平行, 且外加磁 场 Ί的磁场强度大于 Hi时, 磁性自由层 4的磁矩方向 6与外加磁场 7的方向平行, 从而 导致磁性自由层 4的磁矩方向 6与磁性被钉扎层 2的磁矩方向 5平行, 这时 MTJ元件的 电阻最小。 当夕卜加磁场 7的方向与磁性被钉 ¾层 2的磁矩方向 5反平行, 且外加磁场 7 的强度大于 H2时, 磁性自由层 4的磁矩方向 6与外加磁场 7的方向平行, 从而导致磁性 自由层 4的磁矩方向 6与磁性被钉扎层 2的磁矩方向 5反平行, 这时 MTJ元件的电阻最 大。 Hi与 H2之间的磁场范围就是 MTJ元件的测量范围。
本发明采用以下方式或以下方式的组合对磁性自由层的磁矩方向进行偏置, 实现磁 性自由层的磁矩方向与磁性被钉¾层的磁矩方向垂直或呈一定角度: 在磁性自由层的上 层或下层沉积一层反铁磁层, 利 反铁磁层与磁性自由层之间的交换耦合作 对磁性自 由层的磁矩方向迸行偏置; 通过磁性自 ώ层与磁性被钉扎层之间的奈尔耦合伤用对磁性 自由层的磁矩方向进行偏置: 在传感器上集成设置一用于将磁性自由层的磁矩方向偏置 的电流线圈, 流过该电流线圈的电流方^与磁性被钉扎层的磁矩方向相同; 磁性自由层 的磁矩方向被其附近的永磁铁偏置。
如图 3所示, 现有技术中的推挽式半桥 MTJ开关传感器包括第一磁电阻元件 11、第 二磁电阻元件 12和 ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)芯片 13。 其中, ASIC芯 片 13与第一磁电阻元件 11和第二磁电阻元件 12相适配, 且第一磁电阻元件 11和第二 磁电阻元件 12均为感应元件, 二者电连接构成一推挽半桥。 第一磁电阻元件 11 和第二 磁电阻元件 12各包括一个或多个 ΜΊΠ元件, 且第一磁电阻元件 1】或第二磁电阻元件 12 的 MTj元件串联和 /或并联。 ΜΤ,ί元件为纳米级的多层膜结构,其中包括磁性自由层和磁 性被钉扎层。 第一磁电阻元件 11的磁性自由层的磁矩 121与第二磁电阻元件 12的磁性 自由层的磁矩 122的方向反平行。 第一磁电阻元件 i i的磁性被钉 ft层的磁矩 111与第二 磁电阻元件 12的磁性被钉扎层的磁矩 112的方向反平行。 第一磁电阻元件 11的磁性被 钉扎层的磁矩 111与其磁性自由层的磁矩 121的方向相互垂直, 且第二磁电阻元件 12的 磁性被钉扎层的磁矩 112与其磁性自由层的磁矩 122的方向相互垂直。 推挽半桥的敏感 方向 70与第一磁电阻元件】】和第二磁电阻元件 12的磁性被钉扎层的磁矩方向平行。 当 沿着推挽半桥的敏感方向 70有外加磁场 推挽半桥的一个磁电阻元件的磁性自由层的 磁矩方向会趋向于与其磁性被钉 ft层的磁矩方向平行, 导致该磁电阻元件的电阻降低; 与此同^, 推挽半桥的另一个磁电阻元件的磁性自 ώ层的磁矩方向会趋向于与其磁性被 钉扎层的磁矩方向反平行, 导致该磁电阻元件的电阻^高, 而导致推挽半桥的输出电 压 V»3UT 在后面的文字描述和爾图中, V。UT:=VBndge) 的变化。 推挽半桥的输出电压与外 加磁场之间的关系曲线图, 如图 4所示。
ASIC芯片 i3用于为所述推挽半桥提供稳恒电压 V„DrF面的文字描述和图中用 VB,as 表示), 并用于将推挽半桥输出的电压信号转换为开关信号。 ASIC芯片 13可以根据不同 的技术需求输出不同的幵关信号, ^如 ASIC芯片 13可以输出如图 8所示的双极开关信 号、 如图 9所示的单极开关信号或如图 11所示的全极开关信号。
上述实施飼和图 1、 图 2、 图 3 作为背景信息提供, 它们都来自于申请号为 201110125153.5的中国专利申请, 现将其作为参考。
在高温和低温两种情况下, 推挽半桥的输出电压和外加磁场之间的关系曲线, 如图 4 所示, 其中高温与低温之间的温度范圈为本实施倒的磁电阻开关传感器的工伤温度极限 范围。 在本实施例中, 高温例如为 100Ό , 简写为 HT; 低温^如为 0Ό , 简写为 LT。 图 4中的曲线 35对应于图 2中的曲线, 但是图 4中的磁电阻元件的磁性被了 层的磁矩方 向相对于外加磁场 7旋转了 : 80度。 因此, 推挽半桥的第一磁电阻元件 l i的电阻与外加 磁场的关系曲线显示为负斜率, 推挽半桥的第二磁电阻元件 12的电阻与外加磁场的关系 曲线显示为正斜率,这正如图 4中的推挽半桥的输出电压 VBndge的曲线所显示,在 VMid 24 处达到平衡, 并且在 VBndge与外加磁场的关系曲线中显示为正斜率。
推挽半桥低温下的输出电压 VBndge如实线曲线 2】 所示, ffl曲线 21可以看出, 输出 电压 VBndge由最小值 VMm:L 23逐步增大为最大值 VMaxLT 25。推挽半桥的第一磁电阻元 件 l i 和第二磁电阻元件 12 具有负的电阻温度系数 (TCR : Temperature Coefficient of Resistance)和对应的负的温度系数电阻敏感度 (TCRS: Temperature Coefficient of Resistance S sitiwty)。 当采用推挽电桥结构时, 相应的温度系数电压敏感度 TCV)为- lOOO ppmA:〕。 这意味着当温度变化超过 100Ό时, 对于圏定的偏置电压 Vbias和外加磁场 7, VBndge的变 化为- 10%。锥挽半桥高温下的输出电压 VBndge如虚线曲线 22所示, 由曲线 22可以看出, 输出电压 VBndge由最小值 VMffiHT 26逐歩增大为最大值 VMaxHT 27。 Vbias的一半对应曲线 的中点 VMid 24。 Vbi3S的值一般为 IV, 这样 VMid就是 0,5V。
后面所描述的比较电路的输出取决于其输入端输入的两个电压信号, 其中, 一个电 压信号是图 4中的推挽半桥 87提供的输出电压 VBndge, 另一个电压信号是 ώ内部参考电 压电路提供的参考电压 VRrf。 参考电压 VRef的值由下文描述的数字控制电路来控制。 参 考电压 VRef的一种可能值为图 4中显示的 29, 即 *极工作点电压( VopS), VRef的另一种 可能值为图 4中显示的 28, 即北极工作点电压 (VOPN)。 在外加磁场为 HOPS- L 30 ^, 推挽半桥的输出电压 VBmi£e的低温曲线 21穿过南极工作点电压 VOPS 29, 同时在外加磁 场为 ^- UB1时,推挽半桥的输出电压 VBNDGE的低温曲线 21穿过北极工伤点电压 VOPN 28。 在外加磁场为 HOTS-HT 32时, 推挽半桥的输出电压 VBdge的高温曲线 22穿过南极 工作点电压 VOPS 29, 同时在外加磁场为 HOPN- HT 33时, 推挽半桥的输出电压 V¾ldgi;的 高温曲线 22穿过北极工诈点电压 νΟΡΝ28。
这样, 当外加磁场的绝对值大小与本实施例的磁电阻幵关传感器的工作温度成正比 关系时, 比较电路便发生电路转换。 这种现象称之为 "温度依赖性输出", 这种现象常常 会对传感应用造成不良影响。
内部参考电压电路和推挽半桥的电路如图 5所示, 其中电桥的右半部分为磁电阻电 桥电路, 即一推挽半桥, 如虚线框 87里所示。 该推挽半桥 87包括两个电阻 56和 56', 其特性导致了图 4中曲线 21表示的输出电压 VBndge59。 电桥的左半部分为内部参考电压 电路, 如虚线框 86里所示, 该内部参考电压电路 86包括 10个串联的电阻 131- 140, 旦 电阻 131- 140的电阻值不随外加磁场的变化而改变。 此内部参考电压电路 86构成一个半 桥, 内部参考电压电路 86和推挽半桥 87构成一个全桥。 内部参考电压电路 86包括 7个 电压输出端, 该 7个电压输出端输出 7种电压信号, 其中 6种电压信号可以作为相应的 开关阈值,即:南极工作点电压 VOPS、南极复位点电压 VRPS、南极待机闺值点电压 VSTS、 北极工作点电压 VOPN 北极复位点电压 VRPN和北极待机阈值点电压 VSTN, 此 6种电 压信号取自图 5所示的连接节点, 另外一种电压信号为中点电压 VMid。 虚线框 86和 87 中的组件可以整合到同一硅芯片上, 或者虚线框 87里可以有一个或者多个含有磁电阻元 件的芯 。 一个芯片到另一个芯片的连接可以通过焊线或其他常用方法实现。 整个电路 在接地点与 VBias 63之间供电, 其中 VBias 63是由下文描述的电路控制的固定电压。
单极型、 双极型和全极型:三种磁电阻幵关传感器具有不同的表现和对应的南极参考 电压 VRrfS值和磁场切换值, 表 1总结了阈值的名称和取值。 这些值仅起代表作用, 它 ί门 可以根据特定的应用或者用户的具体要求而改变。 只要夕卜加磁场的取值在第一磁电阻元 件 11 和第二磁电阻元件 12 的活跃范围內, 即非饱和范围內, 并 参考电压 VRef小于 VBia363, 那么表 1给出的值就可以适用。 以双极性开关传感器的取值为例, HOPS设置为 VBias的 59%, 假设 VBias为 IV, 那么 HOPS就是 590mV。 当外加磁场为 +30Oe时, 便发生 此转换。 表 1 ; 双极型、 单极型和全极型磁电阻幵关传感器电路中 与 VBias对应的参考电压和磁场强度
Figure imgf000008_0001
通过简单的线性关系, 可将图 4中的输出电压 VoUT和磁场之间的关系曲线 21从磁 场单位 Oe转换为 VBias的百分比,如表 1的第 5列所示;表 1中的第 6列"电压值 imV)CVBias = 1.0V)"显示了在假定 VB,as = 1 V的情况下, 电压值随不同参考电压输出变化的关系。 需要注意的是 ¥^8不一定是 IV,这仅仅是一个用来解释的典型值。表〗中的第 7列为编 译开关传感器所需要的磁场值, 其单位为 Oe。
图 6是一个关于双极型和单极型磁电阻开关传感器的模拟滤波器和比较器的电路图。 比较器 61为高增益放大器。 当比较器 61的输出 VA67为 H或 1 表示比较器 61的输 出 VA67为高电平状态; 当比较器 61的输出 VA67为 L或 0时, 表示比较器 61的输出 VA67为低电平状态。 当正输入端 65的电压大于负输入端 66的电压^, 输出处于高电平 状态。 比较器 61的输出 VA67的高电平状态的电压值稍小于 Vcc8】, 而比较器 61的输出 VA67的低电平状态的电压值稍大于接地端 64或者 0V。 比较器 6】通过正向电源输入端 62连接到电源输入 V
电压输入端为 VRef7i '和 VBndgfi71, VRrf71 '来自于图 5中的内部参考电压部分, 即虚 线框 86所示部分: VBiidge71来自于图 5中的推挽半桥部分, 即虚线框 87所示部分。根据 图 Ί中的复用器 MI O 88的状态, VRef可以是 ¥01>或者 VRP。 每个输入通过标准的 RC 低通滤波器 72和 72'。 每个低通滤波器有电阻 73,73', 和电容 74,74'„ 输出信号幅度下降 3dB所对应的频率可以通过常用的公式 (1)来计算-
F === 1 / [(2 π )*(RC)] 公式 (1) 其中 R代表电阻, 其单位为欧姆, C代表电容, 其单位为法拉。 这类产品的截止频 率为 100KHz。 这个滤波器可以起到以下几个作用: 1 ) 消除高频噪声信号; 2 ) 当 VRef 等于或者接近 VBndge时, 高增益比较器在高电平输出和低电平输出之间跳动, 滤波器可 以减少这个跳动。
比较器 61和滤波器 72, 72'的电路图为图 7所示的电路图的一部分。 在图 7中, 电源 电连接在 Vcc81与接地点 64之间。 电源稳压电路 83为内部参考电压电路 86和磁电阻电 桥电路 87提供一个稳定的模拟偏置电压 VB,as63。 复用器 88 MUX1是一个幵关, 其电连 接内部参考电压电路 86的参考电压输出端和低通滤波电路 91的输入端 7Γ ,磁电阻电桥 电路 87的输出端电连接到低通滤波电路 91的输入端 7Γ。 低通滤浚电路 91的输出端与 比较器 61的输入端电连接, 比较器 61输出 VA电连接到数字控刺电路 92上。 数字控制 电路 92有两个输出: 一个是复用器 88 ΜΐΙΧΙ , 另一个是与锁存和驱动电路 93电连接, 锁存和驱动电路 93的输出端与输出级连接, 其反过来可以驱动输出级。 输出级具有双晶 体管 94和 95, 晶体管 94和 95能在不使 ¾大功率电源^实现迅速转换。 电路的输出为 VOUT85。
本实施 ^的数字控制***包括数字控制电路 92和一套 "逻辑操作模式"两部分。 "逻 辑操作模式"具有以下性质- 1 ) 被袖象的逻辑或者 'τ'和" o"表示二进制;
2) 代表相同模式的电子电路, 如数字记忆;
3 )在一个特定的 "逻辑操作模式"下发生的一系列 "电子操作", 大多数令人关注的数 字控制***都不止一个 "逻辑操作模式"。
在这种情况下, 额外的要求是-
4 ) ·系列明确界定和有限的截然不同的模式;
5) 一系列明确界定并 "触发条件", 当这些条件满足时, 促使逻辑 的操作模式, 从一个模式切换到另一种良好界定的模式。
数字控制电路 92包含有表示二迸制的模式名称, 以及当迸入了一个逻辑模式时, 实 现所需的"电子操作"的逻辑程序和实现 "触发条件"后, 从一种模式切换到另一种模式时 进行的逻辑程序。
图 8为双极型开关传感器的输出电压与夕卜加磁场之间的关系曲线图。 图 7所示的磁 电阻开关电路可以有两种形式表示输出电压与外加磁场 Ί之间的关系。 第一种形式的双 极型开关传感器,如图 8所示。输出电压在高电压 VHK¾ 03和低电压 Vu)W104之间切换。 当外加磁场值为 HOTS或者 HRPN时, 开关在 101和 102之间发生转换。 对于这种开关转 换行为,数字控制电路 92必须使用 ΜΪ Χ188来选择传递到比较器 61的两个参考电压 VOPS 和 νΟΡΝ。 ¾极型幵关传感器操作的一个逻辑真值表如表 2的上半部分所示。
图 9为单极型幵关传感器的输出电压与外加磁场之间的关系曲线图。 图 7所示的磁 电阻开关电路的输出的第二个可能形式是单极形式, 如图 9所示。 两个电压值在高电压 l03和低电压 Vuwi04之间切换。 当外加磁场值为 HOPS或者 HRP 时, 开关在 106 和 107之间发生转换。对于这种开关转换行为,数字控制电路 92必须使用 MUX188来选 择传递到比较器 61的两个参考电压 VOTS和 VOPN。单极型开关传感器操作的一个逻辑真
Figure imgf000010_0001
表 2: 双极和单极型磁电阻开关传感器的 ASIC数字电路真值表。
Figure imgf000010_0002
Figure imgf000011_0001
当电压表现 (Λ¾ -) 与触发条件相匹配时, MLD 维持, 或者交换到指定的参考电压 (VREF ) , 字符 " "表示值大小的变化。
到目前为止, "逻辑操作模式"在电路中的例子仅限于两种模式, "0"和 "Γ或"高"和 "低"。 进入这些模式后出现的 "电子操作": 使用 MUX188 切换到一个新的参考电压的 数字控制电路 92。 "触发条件"是指在观察到比较器 61从高电平到低电平, 或者由低电平 到高电平时的输出。 这些触发条件直接关系到外加磁场, 因为磁电阻电桥电路 87的输出 电压 VBndge是比较器 61的输入信号之一, 这些被称为"外加磁场触发条件
图 10为推挽磁电阻电桥的输出电压与外加磁场之间的关系曲线图。磁电阻电桥电路 87的输出电压 VBndge59如曲线 21所示, 这与图 4中的曲线相同,但只显示了一个温度和 更多的开关磁场阈值,曲线 21与 H=0轴反对称。中点电压 VMld24大约在 VMax25和 VMi;;23 的中点处。比较器 61发生转换的磁场值表示为:南极待机阈值 HSTS 41 ,南极复位值 HRPS 43, 南极运行值 HOTS 45 , 北极待机阈值 HST 42, 北极复位值 HRPN44 和北极运行值 H0pN46。
图 11为全极型幵关传感器的输出电压与外加磁场之间的关系曲线图。 该电路采用了 与双极型磁电阻幵关传感器和单极型磁电阻开关传感器相同的模拟电桥和参考电压。 然 而, 需要不同的比较器和逻辑电路, 它们如图 12和图 13所示。 输出在高电压 VHKiH103 和低电压 V wi04之间切换, 当外加磁场值为 HOPS 或者 HRPS时, 开关在 47和 48之间 发生切换, 但当外加磁场值为 HOPN或者 HRPN时, 开关在 47'和 48'之间发生切换。对于 这种行为, 数字控制电路 192必须使用 MU:X1】88来选择 VSTS、 VRPS或 VOPS传递到比 较器 61的参考电压, 以及使 j¾ MUX2〗89来选择 VSTN、 VRPN或 VOPN传递到比较器 61 的参考电压。
总的外加磁场范围分为 6个逻辑操作模式: 北极运行模式、 北极复位模式、 北极待 模式、南极运行模式、南极复位模式和南极待机模式。待机模式发生在外加磁场的 HS1N 和 HSTS之间, 这些待机模式有创造性的属性。 具体来说, 这些待机模式具有通过启动开 关 SW1 170和 SW2 270来节省电力的这种新的"电子操作"方式。 除此之外, 这还能促使 MUX 1 188和 MUX2 189选择新的参考电压。 6个场区域的不同逻辑操作模式的数字标签 (111)、 (1 10), (101)、 (001)、 (010)和 (01】)显示在图 11底部的相应场域内。 表 3为全极型 开关操作的逻辑真值表。 MUX MUX 2、 SW 1 和 SW 2的"电子操作' '和从一种模式 切换到另一个模式需要的"触发条件"在表 4中逻辑模式显示。 表 3: 全极型开关传感器的真值表。 符号 VBridge 触发条件 Vs VN SW1 SW2 运行 电桥 电 VA VB (Mu l) (Mux2) 幵关 开关 T 输 模式 压 南极 电 北极 电 1 21 出电
ϋ ϋ
待机(缺省 =l/2vbia 0 0 001 101 0 0 1 待机 电压) s
南极非待 >vSTs o-^i 0 -^011 ->001 1 0 1 南极 机 开关
BOPS >BopS 1 0 no 001 1 0 -^o 模式
BRPS <BRPS l- ) 0 ~>01I 001 1 0 ~^ 1 再次待机 <VATS 0 0 ->001 ~ 101 ->o 0 1 待机 待机 VSTN 0 0 001 101 0 0 1 <VSTS
北极非待 <VSTN 0 0- l -^101 ~>111 0 ~>】 1 北极 机 开关
BOP <B0p 0 1 101 ~>110 0 1 -^o 模式
BRPN >BRPN 0 l- 0 101 ~ 111 0 1
再次待机 >VSTN 0 0 ~>001 ->101 0 ->o 1 待机 表 3中, 当电压 A和 B (VA和 VB)与第 3列和第 4列中的触发条件匹配时, UX1 和 MUX2保持或者切换到第 5列和第 6列所示的参考条件。 此外, SW1和 SW2维持或 切换到第 7列和第 8列所示的指定条件。 字符表示一个值的变化。 在 SWi和 SW2 列中, "0"和 'T分别表示"断开开关"和"闭合开关"。 表 4; 与全极型开关传感器参考电压值相关的 MUX的逻辑符号„
Figure imgf000012_0001
不需要关注 101、 000和 100, 在本设计中这 2个阶段是浮动输出。
根据本发明优选实施 ^的全极型磁阻开关中模拟滤波器和比较器的电路图, 如图 12 所示。 它们具有与图 6 中的比较电路类似的功能, 但是对全极型磁阻开关运行需要一个 额外的比较器, 另夕卜也增加了省电功能。
图 12左侧为模拟滤波器的输入。 南极参考电压 VREF 171连接到低通滤波器 172, 低 通滤波器 72包括电阻 173和电容 Π4。低通滤波器】72的输出与比较器 161的负向输入 】66电连接。 VBndgeni '连接到低通滤波器 172' ,低通滤波器】72'包括电阻 173'和电容 174'。 低通滤波器 172 '的输出电连接到第二比较器 261的负向输入 266和第一比较器 16〗 的正 向输入 i65。 VBi.ldge和比较器之间的相反极性电连接, 能使 VOTT与外加磁场的关系曲线 具有反对称性。 北极参考电压 VREF 271电连接到低通滤波器 272, 低通滤波器 272包括 电阻 273和电容 274, 过滤器 272的输出电连接到第二比较器 261的正向输入 265。
本实施例提供的两个比较器, 即第一比较器 161和第二比较器 261。 第一比较器 161 有正向输入 165和负向输入 166, 其输出 VA为】67。 在 VBias】63和接地 64之间提供第一 比较器 161需要的电源。 电流源 168和 169分别提供 0.05μΑ和 2.0μΑ的电流, 提供的电 流通过正向电源 162。 第一开关 (SW i ) 170决定是否连接电流源 169, 电流源 68—直 保持接通状态。 第二比较器 261有正向输入 265和负向输入 266 , 其输出 ¥8为267。 在 VBia5263和接地 64之间提供第二比较器 261 需要的电源。 电流源 268和 269分别提供 0.05μΑ和 2.0μΑ的电流, 提供的电流通过正向电源 262。第二开关(SW2 ) 270决定是否 连接电流源 269, 电流源 268—直保持接通状态。
电流源的第一开关 170和第二开关 270提供了一种可以减少在操作过程中消耗功率 的方法。 表 5显示了在不同模式下的电流消耗总量。 表 5 : 全极型磁电阻幵关的运行模式以及相应的的电流消耗。
Figure imgf000013_0001
图 13 为根据本发明优选实施例的全极型低功耗磁电阻开关传感器的电路图。 在 Vcc81和接地 64之间提供全极型低功耗磁电阻开关传感器需要的电源。 稳压器 383提供 了一个稳定的低电压电源 VB,as163给內部参考电压电路 86和磁电阻电桥电路 87。复 器 MUX1 188是一个开关,它将内部参考电压电路 87南端与南极参考电压 VRef输入 71 '之间 的参考电压的一个输出端连接到低通滤波电路 190。电桥输出 V idge连接到低通滤波电路 190的输入端 171 '。 复 ]¾器】89 MUX2是一个幵关, 它将内部参考电压电路 87北端与北 极参考电压 VRei输出 271之间的参考电压的一个输出端连接到低通滤波电路 190。
两个比较器的输出 VA和 VB连接到数字控制电路 192 的输入端。 从数字控制电路 192(包括 MUX1 188、 MUX2 189、 SW1 Π0和 SW2 270) 到锁存和驱动电路 193有五个 输出。 反过来, 这样驱动输出级。 输出级具有双晶体管 394, 395 , 不需要使用大功率, 双晶体管就能迅速切换。 电路的输出是 V。UT385。 数字控制电路 192对其输入信号 VA和 VB的响应详列于表 3和表 4中, 并在图】4中列出时序图。
图 14为全极型低功耗磁电阻开关传感器操作的时序图。 时间轴是无单位的, 而且也 不是精确的线性关系。 为了有助于解释, 时间轴是以按比例缩小的形式, 而不是提供定 量细节。 时间依次被标记为 Te, Tf, …, Tj (S。有两套模拟量表; 上半部分量表是从 VBndge 和 VREF来的模拟信号, 下半部分量表是在垂直方向上的数字值。
磁电阻电桥电路 87的输出电压 VBndge由虚线曲线 201表示。 它代表了一个磁铁移过 传感器时的信号,这个信号还把准正弦外加磁场信号传递给磁电阻电桥。 电桥电压 VBndge 与外加磁场成正比的, 所以这两条曲线被绘制在同一组竖轴上, 即曲线 201。左侧轴显示 的是外加磁场 7的值。右侧竖轴显示的是作为标有阈值的和作为 VBiAS百分比的参考电压 值。 该图上半部分有正向 (南极) 的磁场值和正向的电桥电压 VBndge, 该图下半部分有负 向 (北极) 的磁场值和负向的电桥电压 VBridge
南极参考电压 VREF由实线 202表示, 它有≡个恒稳态值: VSTS、 VOPS和 VRPS。 北 极参考电压 VREF E¾实线 203表示, 具有≡个恒稳态值: VSTN、 ¥01^和¥^。 曲线 202 和 203 从一个状态切换到另一个状态有一个可测量的时间。 这两个信号来自于参考电压 电路 86。 复用器 MUXi 的数字状态与^间之间的关系由实线 210表示, 复 ]¾器 MUX1 可以选择三个南极参考电压 VREF值之一: VSTS , ¾!>8或¥^8。 复用器 MUX2的数字状 态与时间之间的关系由实线 211表示,它可以选择 个北极参考电压 VREF值之一: VSTN , VOPN或 VRPN。 这些数字的状态不是表示电压等级, 而是表示它们连接到哪一个参考电 压 EF。
第一比较器和第二比较器的输出连接分别为电压信号 vA和 VB。 这两个数字电平与 时间的关系由实线 204和 205表示,这两条曲线代表接近地线和 V AS之间的数字电平切 换。 电路的对外输出连接 385具有电压电平 VOUT, 该电压信号与时间之间的关系为实线 206. VOUT在接近地线和 Vcc之间切换。有 种逻辑模式线, 其输出与时间的关系画成实 线: 待机 207, 南极运行 208和北极运行 209。 开关 1 170 ( SW 1 ) 和开关 2 270 ( SW2 ) 的状态与时间之间的关系表示为实线 212和 213。 这些曲线上面的高电平表示幵关闭合, 额外的电流流入比较器电源端。 电路使 ^的总静态电流与时间之间的关系表示为实线 214。这条曲线的取值介于 Ο. Ι μΑ与 2μ—Α之间。当电路处于一个激活的北极或者南极切换 模式, 开关 SW1和 SW2中只有一个是断开的。在"待 "模式时, 开关 SW1和 SW2都是 断幵的。 在任何时候, 幵关 SW 1和 SW2都不能同时闭合。
现在以电桥 VBndge曲线 201作为示例信号, 来对整个电路的工作原理与时间之间的 关系进行描述。 逻辑设计在上面的表 3和表 4中进行了所述。 在 电桥 VBndge = 0V, 当模式为 "待机 (001 ) " 时, VOUT=High。 电桥电压 VBdge增加, 在 时为第一比较器 现有电压的阈值 VSTS。 经过时间 dT T2 - T3之后, 这将使 VA切换到 1状态。 因为第一比 较器的电源较低, dT相对比较长, 例如 1毫秒, 从而导致信号延迟。 在一个时间段 τ内, 下一个切换发生, 这是由逻辑电路的时钟频率 f决定。 在时间 Τ2+τ时, 发生下列情况: 逻辑,即待机线路 207从 0切换到 I,南极运行模式 208从 0切换到 1 ,北极运行模式 209 保持为 0, MUX1 210切换到 VOPS , SW1 212闭合, 该电路是在南极运行模式 (011 )。
电桥电压 VBdge持续增加, 在时间 T3时, VBndge达到曲线 202上第一比较器的现有 电压阈值 VoPS , 这使 VA切换到 0状态。 在下一个时钟周期 τ内, 也就是时间段 Τ3-ί-τ内, 发生下列情况: 输出 206变为低电平, 逻辑, 即待机线路 207为 0 , 南极运行模式 208从 1切换到 0, 北极运行模式为 0, 复 ]¾器〗 210切换到 VRPS, 造成曲线 202偏向 VRPS, 该 电路是在南极运行模式 (010)。
在某一时刻, 电桥电压 VBildge开始减少, 并在 T4时, Vfcidg 到曲线 202上第一比 较器的电压阈值¥^8 , 这导致 VA从 0切换到 1。 在下一个时钟周期 τ内, 也就是在 Τ4+τ 时间段内,发生下列情况:输出 206由低电平变换到高电平,逻辑, 即待机线路 207为 0 , *极运行模式 208为 0, 北极运行模式为 0, 复 ]¾器〗 210切换到 VSTS , 致使曲线 202偏 向 VSTS。 该电路是在南极运行模式 (01】)。
电桥电压 ^继续降低, 在 T5时, VBdge达到曲线 202上第一比较器的现有电压 阈值 VSTS。 在下一个时钟周期 τ内, 也就是 Τ5 +τ ή , 发生下列情况: 输出 206为高电平, 逻辑, 待机线路 207从 0切换到 1 , 南极运行模式 208为 0, 北运行模式为 0 , SW1 212 闭合, 该电路是在待机模式 (00】)。
电桥电压 VBndge继续降低, 在 T6时, ¥ 1 达到曲线 203上第二比较器的现有电压 阈值 VSTN, 这导致在时间 T7时, 第二比较器的输出 VB205 A O切换到】。 因为第二比 较器的电源较低, 其运行需要相对较长的时间, dT =T7-T6, 例如 1毫秒。 在 Tm内, 发 生下列情况: 输出 206为高电平, 逻辑, 即待机线路 207从 1切换到 0, 南极运行模式 208为 0, 北极运行模式从 0切换到 1 , 复用器 2 211切换到 VOPN, 致使北极参考电压 VRef的曲线 203 偏向 VOPN„ 开关 SW2 213闭合, 给第二比较器提供更多的电流, 该电 路是在北极运行模式 (111 )。
电桥电压 VBildgt;继续降低, 在 T8时, VBildgt;达到曲线 203上第二比较器的现有电压 阈值 VOPN, 这导致第二比较器的输出 VB205 丛 i切换到 0。 在 Τ7+τ内, 发生下列情况: 输出 206从高电平转换到低电平, 逻辑, 即待 线路 207为 0, 南极运行模式 208为 0, 北极运行模式 209 A 1切换到 0, 复用器 2 211切换到 VRPN, 致使北极参考电压 VRef的 曲线 203 偏向 VRPN, 该电路是在北极运行模式 (110)。
电桥电压 VBndge继续降低, 在 T9时, ¥ 1 达到曲线 203上第二比较器的现有电压 阈值 VRi>N, 这导致第二比较器的输出 VB205 从 0切换到 1。 在 Τ9÷τ内, 发生 Τ列情况: 输出 206从低电平转换到高电平, 逻辑, 即待机线路 207从 0切换到 1 , 南极运行模式 208为 0, 北极运行模式 209为 0, 复用器 2 2U切换到 VSTN, 致使北极参考电压 VRef的 曲线 203 偏向 VSTN, 该电路是在北极运行模式 (111 )。
电桥电压 ViMdge继续降低, 在 Tie时, ¥&1 达到曲线 203上第二比较器的现有电压 阈值 VSTN, 在下一个时间周期 τ內, 也就是 Ί½+τ内, 发生下列情况: 输出 206为高电平, 逻辑, 即待机线路 207 Ι 0切换到 1 , 南极运行模式 208为 0, 北极运行模式 209为 0, 开关 SW2 213闭合, 该电路是在待机模式 (001 )。
与申请号为 201110125153.5的中国专利申请相比, 本发明的低功耗磁电阻开关传感 器具有如下两个优点-
1 ) 提供了降低开关噪声的过滤方法;
2) 描述了一种降低损耗功率, 而工作频率轻微降低甚至不变的电路。
应当理解, 以上借助优选实施倒对本发明的技术方案迸行的详细说明是示意性的而 非限制性的。 本领域的普通技术人员在阅读本发明说明书的基础上可以对各实施例所记 载的技术方案进行修改, 或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换; 而这些修改或者替换, 并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范 。

Claims

权利要求-
1 , 一种磁电阻开关传感器, 其特征在于, 该开关传感器包括內部参考电压电路、 复 用器、 磁电阻电桥电路、 比较电路、 电源稳压电路、 数字控制电路和数字输出电路; 所述内部参考电压电路一端接地, 其另一端电连接于所述电源稳压电路的输出端- 所述比较电路包括一个或多个比较器,其一端电连接于所述电源稳压电路, 另一端接 地,所述比较电路具有一个或多个输入端和一个或多个输出端, 且所述比较电路的一 个或多个输出端与所述数字控制电路中的一个输入端电连接;
所述磁电阻电桥电路一端与所述电源稳压电路的输出端电连接, 其另一端接地,所述 磁电阻电桥电路的输出端与所述比较电路的一个输入端电连接;
所述复用器被所述数字控刺电路控刺,所述复用器用于决定所述参考电压电路的哪些 输出端与所述比较电路的一个输入端电连接;
所述数字控制电路的运行状态随内部逻辑状态和输入信号的变化而变化,且所述数字 控刺电路与所述复用器和所述数字输出电路电连接。
2, 如权利要求 1 所述的磁电阻开关传感器, 其特征在于, 在所述磁电阻电桥电路和 所述内部参考电压电路与所述比较电路中间设有一低通滤波电路,所述低通滤波电路 的输入端与所述磁电阻电桥电路的输出端和所述参考电压电路的输出端电连接,所述 低通滤波电路的输出端与所述比较电路的输入端电连接,所述低通滤波电路用于减弱 在截止频率以上的电压。
3, 如权利要求 〗 所述的磁电阻开关传感器, 其特征在于, 所述电源稳压电路的输出 电压 小于电源电压。
4, 如权利要求 3所述的磁电阻开关传感器, 其特征在于, 所述比较电路包括一个或 多个比较器电源开关,所述比较器电源开关用于决定哪些电流源与所述比较电路的电 源端电连接,所述电流源还与所述电源稳压电路电连接,所述比较器电源开关被所述 数字控刺电路控刺。
5, 如权利要求 〗 所述的磁电阻开关传感器, 其特征在于, 所述数字控刺电路为数字 控制***的一部分。
6, 如权利要求 5所述的磁电阻开关传感器, 其特征在于, 所述数字控刺***包括多 个逻辑运行模式和外加磁场的触发条件。
7, 如权利要求 6所述的磁电阻开关传感器, 其特征在于, 所述数字控刺***的输出 依赖于磁场,所述数字控制***的输出具有双极开关特性、单极开关特性或者全极开 关特性。
8. 如权利要求 1 所述的磁电阻开关传感器, 其特征在于, 所述磁电阻电桥电路包括 第一磁电阻元件和第二磁电阻元件,且第一磁电阻元件和第二磁电阻元件电连接构成 -推挽半桥。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的磁电阻开关传感器, 其特征在于, 所述第一磁电阻元件和所 述第二磁电阻元件各包括一个或多个串联和 /或并联的 MTJ元件。
10. 如权利要求 8所述的磁电阻幵关传感器, 其特征在于, 所述推挽半桥的敏感方向 与所述第一磁电阻元件和所述第二磁电阻元件的磁性被 T扎层的磁矩方向平行。
11 . 如权利要求 1所述的磁电阻幵关传感器, 其特征在于, 所述数字输出电路包括锁 存和驱动电路以及输出级,所述锁存和驱动电路的输入端与所述数字控制电路的输出 端电连接, 所述锁存和驱动电路的输出端与所述输出级电连接。
PCT/CN2014/073801 2013-03-20 2014-03-20 一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器 WO2014146594A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2016503531A JP6484217B2 (ja) 2013-03-20 2014-03-20 低電力の磁気抵抗スイッチセンサ
EP14768979.8A EP2978131B1 (en) 2013-03-20 2014-03-20 Low-power magnetic resistance switch sensor
US14/778,303 US9958512B2 (en) 2013-03-20 2014-03-20 Low-power magnetic resistance switch sensor

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201310090198 2013-03-20
CN201310090198.2 2013-03-20
CN201310097268.7A CN104065367B (zh) 2013-03-20 2013-03-25 一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器
CN201310097268.7 2013-03-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014146594A1 true WO2014146594A1 (zh) 2014-09-25

Family

ID=51552929

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2014/073801 WO2014146594A1 (zh) 2013-03-20 2014-03-20 一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9958512B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2978131B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6484217B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN104065367B (zh)
WO (1) WO2014146594A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9958512B2 (en) 2013-03-20 2018-05-01 MultiDimension Technology Co., Ltd. Low-power magnetic resistance switch sensor

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6676523B2 (ja) 2013-10-03 2020-04-08 ヤンセン バイオテツク,インコーポレーテツド プロトキシン−ii変異体及びその使用方法
EP2955492B1 (en) * 2014-06-13 2017-05-10 Nxp B.V. Sensor system with a full bridge configuration of four resistive sensing elements
MA41642A (fr) 2015-03-03 2018-01-09 Janssen Biotech Inc Variants de protoxine ii et méthodes d'utilisation
KR20170134542A (ko) 2015-04-02 2017-12-06 얀센 바이오테크 인코포레이티드 프로톡신-ii 변이체 및 사용 방법
CN105185655B (zh) * 2015-08-12 2017-08-29 江苏多维科技有限公司 一种磁电阻继电器
JP2018014561A (ja) * 2016-07-19 2018-01-25 富士電機株式会社 半導体装置
CN108089139B (zh) * 2018-01-30 2024-02-27 江苏多维科技有限公司 一种可重置的双极型开关传感器
JP7225686B2 (ja) * 2018-11-02 2023-02-21 株式会社ジェイテクト 電源回路及びモータ制御装置
JP7393079B2 (ja) * 2019-03-26 2023-12-06 ラピスセミコンダクタ株式会社 半導体装置
CN112413119B (zh) * 2020-09-22 2022-05-24 重庆兰德适普信息科技有限公司 档位驱动采集***及方法
CN112286274A (zh) * 2020-10-23 2021-01-29 海光信息技术股份有限公司 一种数字低压差稳压器及电子设备
EP3995801A1 (en) * 2020-11-10 2022-05-11 Melexis Technologies SA Bridge sensor biasing and readout system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4857841A (en) * 1987-12-29 1989-08-15 Eaton Corporation Proximity detector employing magneto resistive sensor in the central magnetic field null of a toroidal magnet
JPH04133221A (ja) * 1990-09-26 1992-05-07 Nec Corp 磁気センサ
CN2501256Y (zh) * 2001-10-24 2002-07-17 库万军 磁敏接近开关
US20100026281A1 (en) 2007-06-22 2010-02-04 Rohm Co., Ltd. Magnetic sensor circuit and electronic apparatus using same
CN101802633A (zh) * 2007-09-21 2010-08-11 Nxp股份有限公司 磁电阻传感器装置及其信号处理方法
CN102565727A (zh) * 2012-02-20 2012-07-11 江苏多维科技有限公司 用于测量磁场的磁电阻传感器
CN102790613A (zh) * 2011-05-16 2012-11-21 江苏多维科技有限公司 一种开关传感器
CN203119864U (zh) * 2013-03-20 2013-08-07 江苏多维科技有限公司 一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5491475A (en) * 1993-03-19 1996-02-13 Honeywell Inc. Magnetometer vehicle detector
DE19530386A1 (de) * 1995-08-18 1997-02-20 Philips Patentverwaltung Positionssensor
US6356741B1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2002-03-12 Allegro Microsystems, Inc. Magnetic pole insensitive switch circuit
WO2008153004A1 (ja) * 2007-06-11 2008-12-18 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. 磁気検出装置及び電気製品
JP5060871B2 (ja) 2007-08-22 2012-10-31 セイコーインスツル株式会社 可変分圧回路及び磁気センサ回路
US8098062B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2012-01-17 Honeywell International Inc. Comparator circuit having latching behavior and digital output sensors therefrom
JP5523149B2 (ja) 2010-03-05 2014-06-18 アルプス電気株式会社 磁気式スイッチ
JP5531969B2 (ja) * 2011-01-12 2014-06-25 ミツミ電機株式会社 発振回路
CN102298125B (zh) * 2011-03-03 2013-01-23 江苏多维科技有限公司 推挽桥式磁电阻传感器
CN102185600A (zh) * 2011-04-22 2011-09-14 灿瑞半导体(上海)有限公司 基于cmos工艺的霍尔开关温度补偿方法及其电路
US8957676B2 (en) * 2011-05-06 2015-02-17 Allegro Microsystems, Llc Magnetic field sensor having a control node to receive a control signal to adjust a threshold
CN102809665B (zh) * 2012-06-04 2016-08-03 江苏多维科技有限公司 一种磁电阻齿轮传感器
CN104065367B (zh) 2013-03-20 2017-11-07 江苏多维科技有限公司 一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4857841A (en) * 1987-12-29 1989-08-15 Eaton Corporation Proximity detector employing magneto resistive sensor in the central magnetic field null of a toroidal magnet
JPH04133221A (ja) * 1990-09-26 1992-05-07 Nec Corp 磁気センサ
CN2501256Y (zh) * 2001-10-24 2002-07-17 库万军 磁敏接近开关
US20100026281A1 (en) 2007-06-22 2010-02-04 Rohm Co., Ltd. Magnetic sensor circuit and electronic apparatus using same
CN101802633A (zh) * 2007-09-21 2010-08-11 Nxp股份有限公司 磁电阻传感器装置及其信号处理方法
CN102790613A (zh) * 2011-05-16 2012-11-21 江苏多维科技有限公司 一种开关传感器
CN102565727A (zh) * 2012-02-20 2012-07-11 江苏多维科技有限公司 用于测量磁场的磁电阻传感器
CN203119864U (zh) * 2013-03-20 2013-08-07 江苏多维科技有限公司 一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP2978131A4

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9958512B2 (en) 2013-03-20 2018-05-01 MultiDimension Technology Co., Ltd. Low-power magnetic resistance switch sensor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9958512B2 (en) 2018-05-01
US20160282426A1 (en) 2016-09-29
EP2978131B1 (en) 2019-06-26
EP2978131A1 (en) 2016-01-27
CN104065367A (zh) 2014-09-24
JP2016519872A (ja) 2016-07-07
EP2978131A4 (en) 2016-11-09
CN104065367B (zh) 2017-11-07
JP6484217B2 (ja) 2019-03-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2014146594A1 (zh) 一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器
US11733317B2 (en) Bipolar chopping for 1/f noise and offset reduction in magnetic field sensors
CN101960319B (zh) 具有自动灵敏度调节的磁场传感器
JP5299675B2 (ja) 信号伝送装置
US8952686B2 (en) High current range magnetoresistive-based current sensor
US9625534B2 (en) Systems and methods for detection of magnetic fields
US8957676B2 (en) Magnetic field sensor having a control node to receive a control signal to adjust a threshold
TWI482984B (zh) 穿隧磁阻參考單元以及使用此穿隧磁阻參考單元之磁場感測電路
TWI554743B (zh) Sensor device
JP2010519549A (ja) 温度依存の抵抗性デバイスを用いた高分解能識別のための装置、システムおよび方法
JP6089572B2 (ja) 磁気抵抗効果素子のリセット回路
US9523742B2 (en) Circuits and methods for modulating current in circuits comprising sensing elements
US8427199B2 (en) Magnetic logic gate
JP5729254B2 (ja) ヒシテリシス装置
CN203119864U (zh) 一种低功耗磁电阻开关传感器
US8358149B2 (en) Magnetic logic gate
US10215589B2 (en) IO matching current modulated output for sensors
WO2021251085A1 (ja) 磁気センサ
JP5636866B2 (ja) 磁気検出装置
US10317482B2 (en) Resistive sensor frontend system having a resistive sensor circuit with an offset voltage source
US10018688B1 (en) Method and apparatus for detecting magnetic saturation in AMR sensors
JP2006292534A (ja) ブラシレスモータのロータ位置検出センサ
JP6339388B2 (ja) センサ閾値決定回路
JP2007228000A (ja) 磁気式スイッチ

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 14768979

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2016503531

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 14778303

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2014768979

Country of ref document: EP