WO2014146555A1 - 用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法及设备 - Google Patents

用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014146555A1
WO2014146555A1 PCT/CN2014/073494 CN2014073494W WO2014146555A1 WO 2014146555 A1 WO2014146555 A1 WO 2014146555A1 CN 2014073494 W CN2014073494 W CN 2014073494W WO 2014146555 A1 WO2014146555 A1 WO 2014146555A1
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Prior art keywords
foam
cleaning
cleaning chamber
chamber
working fluid
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PCT/CN2014/073494
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何宗彦
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北京银河之舟环保科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2014146555A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014146555A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/003—Cleaning involving contact with foam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/0002—Washing processes, i.e. machine working principles characterised by phases or operational steps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/02—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware with circulation and agitation of the cleaning liquid in the cleaning chamber containing a stationary basket
    • A47L15/10—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware with circulation and agitation of the cleaning liquid in the cleaning chamber containing a stationary basket by introducing compressed air or other gas into the liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/48—Drying arrangements
    • A47L15/486—Blower arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2601/00—Washing methods characterised by the use of a particular treatment
    • A47L2601/03—Pressurised, gaseous medium, also used for delivering of cleaning liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2601/00—Washing methods characterised by the use of a particular treatment
    • A47L2601/08—Ozone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2601/00—Washing methods characterised by the use of a particular treatment
    • A47L2601/10—Ultraviolet radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2601/00—Washing methods characterised by the use of a particular treatment
    • A47L2601/20—Other treatments, e.g. dry cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2101/00—User input for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
    • D06F2103/08—Humidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/10—Temperature of washing liquids; Heating means therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/08—Control circuits or arrangements thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/04—Heating arrangements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F73/00—Apparatus for smoothing or removing creases from garments or other textile articles by formers, cores, stretchers, or internal frames, with the application of heat or steam 
    • D06F73/02—Apparatus for smoothing or removing creases from garments or other textile articles by formers, cores, stretchers, or internal frames, with the application of heat or steam  having one or more treatment chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a foam cleaning method and three apparatus capable of implementing the method.
  • the pump causes the water leakage at the pump shaft to increase and the noise increases.
  • the water pressure drop caused by the easy wear of the plastic pump it is necessary to switch to a stainless steel pump, and the price will be higher, which is not worth the candle.
  • Ultrasonic dishwashers are currently on the market. However, ultrasound can only work on tableware in submerged water. Therefore, there is a lot of water, which is not in line with national conditions. In order to save water, the ultrasonic bubbles are added to the jet stream, and the effect is greatly reduced. In addition, high frequency noise, cost and price of ultrasound are problems.
  • organic solvents such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and hydrocarbon solvents are widely used as cleaning agents in the world. It has high cleanliness, high compatibility with various pollutants and excellent cleaning performance. However, the discharge of these organic solvents can pollute the environment, and excessive inhalation can cause health hazards to operators.
  • the EU has completed the legislative work on solvent emission standards in 1993 (EU1999/13/EC) ), abolishing the traditional way of using solvent and solvent vapor to soak the metal parts in the tank.
  • Water-soluble surfactants are effective in removing oil and are used in a variety of production processes.
  • ( 1 The water-based solution is not volatile. If the surfactant contained is not sufficiently rinsed, its chemical residue will pose a hidden danger to the quality and safety of the product.
  • Foam cleaning and disinfection is a popular cleaning method in the world. It is suitable for manual cleaning of equipment and environment in beer, beverage, pharmaceutical and meat processing industries. It overcomes the traditional cleaning method. Complete, low-efficiency, independent cleaning and disinfection, and other fundamental improvements in the use of methods.
  • Low-pressure foam cleaning and disinfection is to add the foam cleaning agent to the water in proportion.
  • the solution is fully mixed with compressed air in the mixer and then foamed, and then the foamed cleaning liquid is sprayed on the laundry through the outlet hose and the spray gun.
  • the dirt is dispersed, adsorbed, dissolved, and wrapped to completely separate the dirt from the surface of the object, and then rinsed with water to easily remove the dirt in an easily peelable state. Removal, after the dirt is cleaned and then passed through a disinfection procedure, the cleaning and disinfection effect can be achieved.
  • the invention provides a controllable foam cleaning method and equipment for washing, disinfecting and sterilizing, and solves the technical problems of incomplete cleaning, low efficiency and high cost of the existing cleaning technology, and solves the existing foam cleaning method and equipment It is difficult to control the foam volume, density, temperature and other conditions, the cleaning effect is poor, the residual foam on the surface of the cleaning object is difficult to remove and discharge, the cleaning object is limited, the equipment structure is complex, the noise is large, the water consumption is large, and the detergent cost High technical issues.
  • the control foam cleaning method for washing, disinfecting and sterilizing the working fluid is heated by the heating member to generate foam, and a large amount of foam is directly formed in the cleaning chamber or introduced into the cleaning chamber from the outside; by effectively controlling the cleaning foam,
  • the temperature and pressure in the cleaning chamber are respectively attached to the cleaning object placed in the cleaning chamber, such as dirt, harmful substances and microorganisms. 30 to 250 °C and 1 to 5 Under standard atmospheric pressure, it is fully contacted with the active component of the foam surface, separated, destroyed or killed by various action mechanisms, and separated from the surface of the object to be cleaned by the pressure and temperature in the cleaning chamber. Air with foam and contaminants is discharged from the cleaning chamber to complete the foam cleaning.
  • the working fluid is one or more of a cleaning agent, a disinfectant, a sterilizing agent, or an aqueous solution of one or more of a cleaning agent, a disinfectant, and a sterilizing agent.
  • the cleaning chamber is a sealed or semi-sealed box capable of withstanding above a standard atmospheric pressure, and the top or side of the cleaning chamber is provided with an upper cover, a side door or a cleaning object inlet; the working fluid is directly placed at the bottom of the cleaning chamber, or It is placed in a separately heated working fluid holding container, and a foam outlet is arranged on the working fluid holding container to form a foam generator, and the foam generator is installed inside the cleaning chamber.
  • the heating chamber is provided with a heating component, a sensing component and a water control component; the heating component is an electrothermal heating component, a flame heating component, a microwave heating component or a ventilating heating component; the sensing component is as follows At least one of the types of sensors: a, a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature in the cleaning chamber; b, a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure in the cleaning chamber; c, a humidity sensor for monitoring the relative humidity in the cleaning chamber; d a foam sensor for sensing the position and density of the foam; e. a working fluid sensor for monitoring the amount of working fluid.
  • the water control component includes a cleaning nozzle for completing the subsequent cleaning, and a drainage port for draining after the cleaning is completed; when drying is required after the cleaning is completed, the cleaning chamber is further provided with a drying component, wherein the drying component is: Infrared drying component, electrothermal heating component, flame drying component, microwave drying component or hot air drying component; when cleaning object needs auxiliary sterilization, ultraviolet sterilization lamp is also installed in the cleaning chamber; when cleaning chamber pressure and temperature When it is necessary to reduce rapidly, a pressure reducing valve is also provided on the cleaning chamber.
  • the control of the cleaning foam is as follows:
  • control measures include: control of the working fluid formula, for the cleaning object with a large amount of oily dirt, adding 0% to 15% by weight in the working fluid Organic solvents; for cleaning objects with more bacteria and viruses, add chlorocresols to the working fluid or 0 to 5% by weight Sodium perborate; for cleaning objects that may carry toxic substances, add 0 to 5% by weight in the working fluid Sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate; control of the position and orientation of the foam, including: increasing or decreasing the number of foam generators or inlets, adjusting their position in the cleaning chamber; the amount, density, and Dimensions, as well as temperature and pressure control inside the foam, control measures include: a, controlling the heating time and heating temperature of the working fluid; b, controlling the temperature and volume of hot air or hot steam flowing into the working fluid; c a cleaning chamber or a foam generator having a rough inner surface, or a microporous material placed in the cleaning chamber or the foam generator, while controlling the amount of the microporous material
  • the reduction of pressure and temperature in the cleaning chamber includes two methods of gradually decreasing and rapidly decreasing; the measures of gradually decreasing are: stopping heating, stopping input of hot air or steam, stopping introduction of foam or spraying cold water or blowing in a cleaning chamber or outside.
  • the cold wind; the sudden reduction measures are: a pressure reducing valve is arranged on the upper part or the top of the cleaning chamber, and the pressure reducing valve is opened, so that the gas in the cleaning chamber communicates with the outside atmosphere through the pipeline or the container or communicates with the container having a certain degree of vacuum;
  • the opening method of the pressure reducing valve includes the following: a, automatic opening: set the pressure sensor in the cleaning chamber, once the pressure reaches the preset value, the electronically controlled pressure reducing valve automatically opens the decompression, and at the same time controls the heating component to stop heating and boosting; b Destruction opening: The metal piece with limited strength is installed on the pressure reducing valve.
  • the manner in which the air with foam and contaminants in the cleaning chamber exits the cleaning chamber includes: the air in the cleaning chamber is first discharged to a decompression chamber having an atmospheric pressure connected to the outlet of the pressure reducing valve, and the foam is filtered through the decompression chamber filter. After being discharged with the pollutants, it is discharged into the atmosphere; or the air in the cleaning chamber is discharged into a container having a certain degree of vacuum through a pipe connected to the outlet of the pressure reducing valve, and is discharged to the atmosphere after being filtered.
  • the foam washing machine comprises a cleaning chamber box and an upper cover, wherein the cleaning chamber box and the upper cover are connected by a connecting buckle and sealed by a sealing strip; the cleaning chamber is placed with a net frame, and the cleaning object is placed on the net a foam generator is arranged on the inner wall of the cleaning chamber and below the net frame, and the foam generator is composed of a working fluid and a separately heated working fluid holding container, and the working liquid holding container is provided with a foam outlet, the working fluid a heating component is mounted on the container; the water cleaning nozzle is mounted on the inner wall of the cleaning chamber, and the water jet is connected to the external tap water interface, and the bottom of the cleaning chamber is provided with a drain for discharging the flushing water, and Filter screen at the drain II
  • the drain port is connected to the discharge valve outside the cleaning chamber; the inner wall of the cleaning chamber box is further provided with a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; the upper cover is provided with a pressure reducing valve, and the outlet of the pressure reducing valve is provided with a reduction
  • the foam washing machine comprises a cleaning chamber box and a side opening door; the upper part of the cleaning chamber box is connected with a cross bar, the clothes are hung on the cross bar by the hanger, and the lower part of the cleaning room box is connected with a laterally arranged bracket, the cleaning room box
  • the body wall and the bracket are mounted with a garment-oriented foam generator.
  • the foam generator is composed of a working fluid and a separately heated working fluid holding container.
  • the working fluid holding container is provided with a foam outlet, and the working fluid is mounted on the container.
  • a heating component There is a heating component; a water-cleaning nozzle facing the laundry is mounted on the inner wall of the cleaning chamber box and the lower bracket, and the water-cleaning nozzle is connected with an external tap water interface, and a drain port for draining the flushing water is provided at the bottom of the cleaning chamber, and the drain port is Filter screen II.
  • the drain port is connected with a discharge valve outside the cleaning chamber box; a pressure reducing valve is installed at the top of the cleaning chamber box, and a decompression chamber is arranged outside the outlet of the pressure reducing valve, and the top surface of the decompression chamber is filtered and discharged.
  • Filter for foam in airflow I A temperature monitor, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and an infrared drying component are also installed inside the cleaning chamber.
  • the foam washing mobile phone comprises a cleaning chamber box, and the elastic side of the cleaning chamber is equipped with elastic elastic gloves; the elastic elastic glove center has a human hand inlet; the cleaning chamber has a working liquid at the bottom and is installed with a heating component; a pressure reducing valve is arranged on the upper part of the cleaning chamber, and a decompression chamber is arranged outside the outlet of the pressure reducing valve, and a filter screen is arranged at the outlet of the lower part of the decompression chamber, and the outlet is through the pipeline I is connected to the inlet of the vacuum pump, and the decompression chamber discharge valve for discharging the night is connected to the pipeline I.
  • the outlet of the vacuum pump is passed through the pipeline II to the working fluid contained in the bottom of the cleaning chamber, and the pipeline II
  • a venting valve is further connected to the top of the cleaning chamber; an infrared drying component, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are installed on the top or the side of the cleaning chamber; and an infrared sensing probe for detecting whether the human body is close to the outside of the cleaning chamber is also installed .
  • the heating component, the infrared drying component, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the pressure reducing valve, the decompression chamber discharge valve, the vacuum pump, and the infrared sensing probe are all connected to a control circuit outside the cleaning chamber.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
  • the present invention employs a method of heating a working fluid, introducing hot air or hot steam, and introducing a high-temperature foam from the outside to deposit a large amount of foam having a certain temperature and pressure in a sealed or semi-closed cleaning chamber.
  • parts, human skin or other cleaning objects attached to dirt and bacteria, viruses or parasites, under sufficient temperature and pressure have sufficient time to contact the active ingredients on the foam surface, through diffusion, extrusion, adsorption, dissolution, Transfer, envelop, soften, decompose, oxidize, kill, etc. / Or a biochemical mechanism of action that is separated, destroyed, or killed, and with the foam suddenly or gradually decreasing in the chamber, with the foam off the surface of the object being cleaned or discharged out of the chamber. This process can be repeated, and subsequent steps such as water washing, drying and sterilization can be used.
  • the cleaning device designed according to the technology of the present invention has higher efficiency, shorter washing time, less energy consumption, less water, lower noise and product cost than conventional products.
  • the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Suitable for a variety of cleaning objects, including tableware, medical equipment, clothing, industrial parts, antiques, pets, animals, human skin cleaning, disinfection or sterilization; 2. Basically not subject to the material and shape of the cleaning object; 3 . It is basically not restricted by the position and direction of the cleaning object placed in the cleaning chamber, and there is no dead angle that cannot be cleaned; 4. Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization are completed at the same time.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the sandwich structure for foam discharge.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the position of the foam in the cleaning chamber and the direction in which the object is placed.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the position of the foam in the cleaning chamber and the orientation of the object.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the position of the foam in the cleaning chamber and the orientation of the object.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the position of the foam in the cleaning chamber and the orientation of the objects.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the design of hot air or hot steam.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the manner in which the clothes are placed in the cleaning chamber.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram 2 of the manner in which the clothes are placed in the cleaning chamber.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the manner in which the clothes are placed in the cleaning chamber.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the design of a foam washing machine.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a foam washing machine design.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a foam washing mobile phone design.
  • the control foam cleaning method for washing, disinfecting and sterilizing the working fluid is heated by the heating component to generate foam, and a large amount of foam is directly formed in the cleaning chamber or introduced into the cleaning chamber from the outside; by effectively controlling the cleaning foam,
  • the temperature and pressure in the cleaning chamber are respectively caused by the dirt, harmful substances and microorganisms attached to the cleaning object placed in the cleaning chamber. 30 to 250 °C and 1 to 5 Under standard atmospheric pressure, it is fully contacted with the active component of the foam surface, separated, destroyed or killed by various action mechanisms, and separated from the surface of the object to be cleaned by the pressure and temperature in the cleaning chamber. Air with foam and contaminants is discharged from the cleaning chamber to complete the foam cleaning.
  • the cleaning chamber of the present invention may adopt the following structure: a container in which a cleaning object is placed and cleaned is referred to as a foam cleaning chamber. It may be a large container in which the foam generator is placed, and the foam generated in the container is directly in contact with the object to be cleaned; or it may be another container, and the foam generated from the foam generator is introduced into the container through the pipe to contact the object to be cleaned. As shown 1.
  • the container chamber 12 can be placed outside the cleaning chamber 7.
  • the working fluid 9 in the cleaning chamber is heated to generate a large amount of foam 13 .
  • the foam is discharged through the pressure reducing valve 14 to the interlayer between the cleaning chamber and the outer layer 15 Medium. High pressure gas carrying foam.
  • the trapped foam liquid can be collected in the collection box 17 at the bottom of the interlayer and processed regularly; see Figure 2, bottom scheme: foam generator or foam inlet 10 Located at the bottom of the cleaning chamber 7, due to the small specific gravity of the hot air, the thermal foam automatically rises from the bottom and contacts the object to be cleaned. 11 . If the side with more dirt is placed face down, the density of the foam contacted by the face is the largest, and the mutual pressing force between the foams is also large; see Figure 3, the middle scheme: the foam generator or the foam inlet 10 is located in the cleaning chamber 7 In the middle, the foam is generated or introduced from the central portion of the cleaning chamber and contacts the object to be cleaned 11 .
  • Hot air heating hot air or hot gas conveying design, the centrifugal fan or air pump in the figure 1 can compress the ambient cold air and then send it to the heating chamber through the pipeline 2, and the heating chamber is equipped with an electric heating unit or a flame heater.
  • the cold air is heated by electric or flame 5
  • its temperature and pressure are increased, and it is sent to the working fluid in the cleaning chamber 7 through the insulated pipe 6 to hold the container 8 from the working fluid 9 Produces a rich bubble.
  • the process of generating hot steam is similar. When the plant has excess hot steam, it can be directly introduced into the cleaning chamber.
  • the foam cleaning steps of the present invention are as follows: 1. Cleaning object pretreatment: (1 ), tableware pretreatment: the residue or the like is poured out or sorted in advance, and then washed slightly with water to remove the remaining residue; (2 ), pretreatment of medical equipment: pre-distribute the remaining medicines, and then rinse them slightly with water to remove the remaining liquid; (3) pre-treatment of clothes: wet the inner and outer surfaces with water beforehand; (4) ), mechanical parts pretreatment: remove the cover with water or other means to expose the surface of the part; (5), human skin pretreatment: remove the clothing, gloves or socks to expose the skin; (6 ), other object pretreatment: remove the surface covering with water or other means, expose the surface to be cleaned; 2.
  • Foam cleaning After putting the cleaning object into the cleaning chamber, follow the steps below to clean the foam: (1) ), close the cleaning door cover to ensure that the cleaning chamber is sealed; (2 ), heating the working fluid or passing hot air or steam to the working fluid to cause foaming, or introducing high-temperature and high-pressure foam from the outside, gradually accumulating on the inner and outer surfaces of the cleaning object, and the dirt is in contact with the active component of the working fluid on the surface of the foam, through diffusion, Mechanism of adsorption, dissolution, transfer, etc.
  • the grain lumps on the surface of the tableware or the sludge on the surface of the parts are also softened by the infiltration of high-temperature steam, and some toxic substances attached to the cleaning object at high temperature will be Decompose or destroy. Even without disinfectants or sterilizing agents, bacteria and viruses can die due to prolonged heat; ( 5) After the preset holding pressure holding time is over, stop heating, stop blowing hot air or steam, or stop introducing foam. As the temperature in the cleaning chamber drops, the pressure also decreases, the volume of hot air contained in the foam decreases, and the foam gradually disappears; 6) Repeat the above steps (2) to (5) to refill the object with high temperature foam, clean again and sterilize to ensure better results; 4.
  • Foam removal Take two cleaning methods: 1 If the cleaning object is not too dirty, the foam can be gradually disappeared by stopping the heating, blowing hot air or steam, or stopping the introduction of the foam. This mode is adopted, it is not necessary to open the pressure reducing valve, but the dirt carried by the foam will remain on the surface of the cleaning object, and subsequent cleaning with water is required; 2 ), for the cleaning object is dirty, more foam, especially the need to quickly and completely remove residual foam and moisture, such as the cleaning of mechanical parts, take the momentary decompression discharge. That is, when the cleaning chamber is kept warm and dampening time, the pressure reducing valve is suddenly opened by electronic equipment or by artificial means.
  • Subsequent cleaning method After the foam is removed, subsequent cleaning may be required.
  • the washing method of the traditional dishwasher or the parts cleaning device may be adopted, that is, the water is sprayed in multiple directions to wash the surface by being disposed at multiple locations.
  • the method of the traditional washing machine can also be adopted, the cleaning object is completely immersed in the clean water, and the rinsing is cleaned by the rotation or twisting of the impeller; 6.
  • Drying of the cleaning object After the subsequent cleaning is completed, it needs to be dried, and the above-mentioned electric infrared drying, flame drying, microwave drying or hot air drying may be used.
  • Disinfection and sterilization of cleaning articles Under normal circumstances, most of the microorganisms (bacteria, viruses or parasites or eggs) carried on the cleaning objects have died after a long period of high temperature, but the toxic substances may not be completely decomposed. Or destroy. Therefore, for cleaning medical devices, it is necessary to increase the steps of sterilization. It can be carried out by referring to a conventional method such as ultraviolet lamp irradiation, ozone-filling or ethylene oxide sterilization gas, and spraying a special agent such as hydrogen peroxide or a chlorine-containing preparation.
  • a conventional method such as ultraviolet lamp irradiation, ozone-filling or ethylene oxide sterilization gas, and spraying a special agent such as hydrogen peroxide or a chlorine-containing preparation.
  • the invention adopts the following measures to effectively control the cleaning foam: 1. control of the foam cleaning force; 2. control of the position and direction of the foam generation; 3. Control of foam quantity, density and average size; 4. Control of foam temperature and pressure; 5. Control of foam thickness, viscosity and strength; 6. Control of foam movement speed; Foam penetration and extrusion force control; 8. Foam quenching control: See Figure 10, this foam cleaning machine, including the cleaning chamber box 1.1 and the upper cover 1.2, the cleaning chamber housing 1.1 and the upper cover are connected by the buckle 1.3 Connected and sealed by sealing strip 1.4; inside the cleaning chamber box 1.1 is placed with a grid 1.10, cleaning object 1.11 placed on the grid 1.10; in the cleaning chamber box 1.1 Inside the wall and grid 1.10 There is a foam generator installed below.
  • the foam generator is filled with working fluid 1.8 and a separately heated working fluid.
  • the working fluid holding container is provided with a foam outlet, and the working fluid holding container is provided with a heating component 1.7; the cleaning chamber casing 1.1 is also provided with a water-facing nozzle facing the clothes.
  • the bottom is provided with a drain for discharging flushing water 1.18, and a filter screen at the drain port II 1.20 , the drain port and the discharge valve outside the cleaning chamber 1.19 connection;
  • the cleaning chamber box 1.1 is also equipped with a pressure sensor 1.15 and a temperature sensor 1.16;
  • the upper cover 1.2 A pressure reducing valve 1.12 is installed on the outlet, and a decompression chamber is provided outside the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 1.12. 1.13.
  • Decompression chamber 1.13 The top surface is a filter for filtering the foam liquid in the exhaust gas stream.
  • the bottom surface of the upper cover is also provided with a drying component 1.21 and a UV lamp sterilization component 1.22, and the top surface of the upper cover 1.2 is connected with a handle 1.5.
  • the cleaning machine is used as follows: 1. Drain the residual residue in the cleaning object. 2. Place the cleaning object on the grid. 3 Open the top cover and place it in the grid. 4. Close the top cover and fasten the connection buckle. 5, open the water spray nozzle, rinse the cleaning object for a certain period of time, then close the nozzle. 6. Heat the working fluid to produce foam. 7 Under the monitoring of temperature and pressure probes, the intermittent heating method is used to maintain a certain temperature and pressure in the cleaning chamber for a certain period of time. 8. Stop heating and reduce the temperature and pressure in the cleaning chamber to make the foam disappear. 9 Repeat the heating and heat preservation steps of 6-8 above. 10.
  • the pressure reducing valve is suddenly opened, and the airflow carrying foam and water vapor in the cleaning chamber is discharged into the atmosphere through the decompression chamber.
  • you can choose to turn on the infrared heater, dry the cleaning object, and at the same time you can choose to turn on the UV lamp to enhance the sterilization effect. 13 Open the top cover, remove the net frame and clean the object.
  • the foam washing machine comprises a cleaning chamber box 2.1 and a side opening door 2.2; the cleaning chamber box 2.1
  • the upper part is connected with a crossbar 2.10, the clothes are hung on the crossbar by the hanger 2.11, and the cleaning chamber is 2.1.
  • the lower part is connected with the laterally arranged bracket 2.17, the cleaning chamber box 2.1
  • a garment-oriented foam generator is mounted on the inner wall and the bracket.
  • the foam generator is composed of a working fluid and a separately heated working fluid holding container, the working fluid holding container is provided with a foam outlet, and the working fluid holding container is provided with a heating component 2.18; the cleaning chamber box 2.1
  • the inner wall and the lower bracket are provided with a water-repellent nozzle 2.4 facing the clothes, and the water-cleaning nozzle is connected with an external tap water port, and a drain port for draining the flushing water 2.12 is provided at the bottom of the washing chamber, and a filter screen is arranged at the drain port.
  • the cleaning chamber box 2.1 is equipped with a pressure reducing valve 2.5 at the top and a decompression chamber outside the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 2.5. , decompression chamber 2.6
  • the top surface is the filter screen for filtering the foam liquid in the exhaust airflow I2.7; the cleaning chamber box 2.1 is also equipped with a temperature monitor 2.16, pressure sensor 2.8, temperature sensor 2.9 and infrared drying parts 2.15.
  • the washing machine is used as follows: 1. Hang the clothes on the hanger and use the small hanger to open the sleeves and legs. 2 Open the side door of the cleaning chamber and hang the hanger on the crossbar. 3. Close the side door and fasten the connecting buckle. 4. Open the water spray head and spray the clothes. Turn off the nozzle after 20-30 seconds. 5. Heat the working fluid to produce foam. 7. Under the monitoring of temperature and pressure probes, maintain a certain temperature and pressure in the cleaning chamber through intermittent heating for a certain period of time. 8. Stop heating and reduce the temperature and pressure in the cleaning chamber to make the foam disappear. 9 Repeat the steps in steps 5-8 above. 10.
  • this foam washing mobile phone including the cleaning chamber box 3.1, the cleaning chamber box 3.1
  • the front side is equipped with elastic elastic gloves 3.3; Elastic elastic gloves center with human hand 3.2 inlet; the cleaning chamber box 3.1
  • the bottom is filled with working fluid 3.10, and is equipped with heating parts 3.12; the cleaning chamber box 3.1
  • the upper part is equipped with a pressure reducing valve 3.7, and a decompression chamber 3.8 is provided outside the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 3.7.
  • the decompression chamber 3.8 is provided with a strainer 3.14 at the outlet of the lower part, and the outlet is connected with the line I3.9 and the vacuum pump.
  • the inlet connection of 3.6, the decompression chamber discharge valve for discharging residual night 3.15 is connected to the pipeline I3.9.
  • the outlet of the vacuum pump is connected to the cleaning chamber through the pipeline II3.19 3.1
  • the venting valve 3.11 is also connected to the pipe II3.19;
  • the cleaning chamber body 3.1 is equipped with an infrared drying part on the top or side 3.13, temperature sensor 3.17 and humidity sensor 3.18;
  • the cleaning chamber housing 3.1 is also equipped with an infrared sensing probe for detecting the proximity of the human body 3.4;
  • the heating unit 3.12, infrared drying unit 3.13, temperature sensor 3.17, humidity sensor 3.18, pressure reducing valve 3.7, decompression chamber discharge valve 3.16, vacuum pump 3.6 and infrared sensor probe 3.4 Both are connected to the external control circuit 3.5 of the cleaning chamber.
  • the working steps of the washing mobile phone are as follows: 1.
  • the hand reaches into the cleaning room. 2
  • the infrared sensing probe detects the approaching human body, the control circuit issues a command, the vacuum pump starts to work, the pressure reducing valve 7 and the decompression chamber discharge valve are closed, and the heating unit heats the working fluid.
  • the decompression chamber forms a negative pressure, and the air enters the working fluid to generate thermal foam. 4, the hot foam rises, wraps the skin of the hands, and the active ingredients are in contact with dirt and microorganisms. 5 Continue to heat, so that there is enough temperature and foam in the cleaning chamber for a certain period of time.
  • the control circuit issues a command, the vacuum pump stops running, the foam stops generating, and the pressure reducing valve is suddenly opened.
  • the foam and steam in the cleaning chamber quickly enter the decompression chamber through the pressure reducing valve with the air.
  • the gas entering the decompression chamber is filtered and discharged to the atmosphere through an open decompression chamber discharge valve.
  • the control circuit determines whether to turn on the infrared heating unit according to the humidity of the cleaning chamber measured by the humidity sensor, and dry the moisture remaining on the hand. 9
  • the buzzer sounds and the cleaning is completed, and the hands are taken out.

Landscapes

  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法及设备，通过加热部件对工作液加热产生泡沫，大量泡沫直接在清洗室内形成或从外面引入清洗室；通过对清洗泡沫进行有效控制，使放置于清洗室中的清洗对象所附污垢、有害物质和微生物，在清洗室内充分与泡沫表面有效成分接触，通过多种作用机制，被分离、破坏或杀灭，并随清洗室内压力和温度的降低，与泡沫一道脱离被清洗物表面，排出清洗室。根据该技术设计出的清洗设备比传统产品具有更高的效率，更短的洗涤时间，更小的能耗，更少的用水，更低的噪音和产品成本。适用于多种清洗对象，包括餐具、医疗器具、衣物、工业零部件、文物古董、宠物、动物、人体皮肤的清洗、消毒或灭菌。

Description

用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法及设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种泡沫清洗方法，以及能够实现该方法的三种设备。
背景技术
一．餐具洗涤技术现状和难题：在中国，洗碗机的繁荣期至今未到，普及率很低。主要原因是采用喷淋水流冲洗西餐餐具效果不错，但中式餐具油腻重、碗形差别大，深凹碗多，尤其是饭粒结硬后很难洗掉。目前喷淋式洗碗机的洗净率只有 85 ～ 90 ％。为提高洗净率，除了要调整喷射角度以消除死角外，还必须增大水压，增加喷孔数目，而增加喷孔与增大水压相互矛盾，只有增大机泵功率和采用多级泵，而水压的增大又导致泵轴处的漏水加剧，噪音也随之增大。为了克服塑料泵易磨损造成的水压下降，则要改用不锈钢泵，又势必致售价偏高，得不偿失。
目前市场上已有超声波洗碗机销售。但超声波只能对浸没水中的餐具发挥作用。故用水很多，不合国情。为了省水，把超声波气泡加入喷射水流中，其效果大打折扣。此外，超声波的高频噪音，成本和价格都是问题。
现有的各型洗碗机一般具备洗涤 , 消毒 , 烘干和贮存功能。 但普遍存在以下不足：
1. 噪音； 2. 耗水； 3. 耗能； 4. 耗时； 5. 耗材。但是对于洗碗机，泡沫丰富反而带来很多麻烦。洗碗机内充满泡沫后，可能向外溢出。餐具表面布满泡沫后会妨碍第二次喷洒洗涤剂。更严重的是，泡沫随水进入水泵中会损伤水泵。所以现有的各型洗碗机都必须采用专门的低泡型洗涤剂，价格远高于普通洗涤剂。即便如此，还会有泡沫外泄。一旦用户误用界面活性剂含有率高的普通清洗剂，就会引起漏水、操作停止、机器不能工作等问题。泡沫问题是目前世界洗碗机界的难题。有很多国内外专利就为了解决这一问题而提出。
二．洗衣技术的发展趋势：出了传统的机械式洗衣机外，已经出现一批新型洗衣机，比如超声波洗衣机，臭氧洗衣机和离子洗衣机。根据检测结果看，上述新型洗衣技术的洗涤效果还无法和使用洗衣粉的传统洗衣机相比，差距较大，只适合于洗涤毛巾、内衣、睡衣等衣物。 另外，市场上还有很多环保型、健康型等多种炒作概念的洗衣机。真实效果存疑。
在洗衣业为人类生活带来便利的同时，也存在着诸多问题： 1. 耗水； 2. 污染； 3. 耗能； 4. 传染，因此，彻底解决洗涤衣物的交叉感染、节水、节电、防止对环境的污染、是洗衣业急需解决的难题和研究重点。
三．机械零件清洗的现状和难题：国内目前仍在使用国外三十年代已经淘汰的煤油和汽油等溶剂作为机械零件表面的脱脂清洗液，这些溶剂具有很大的火灾隐患和危险。在使用过程中难以回收循环使用，既导致成本增加，也带来工作环境的空气污染。　
目前国际上广泛采用三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯和碳氢溶剂等有机溶剂作为清洗剂。具有高洗净度，适应多种污染物的高包容性和节省清洗时间等优良性能。 但这些有机溶剂的排放会污染环境，过度吸入会导致操作人员健康伤害。欧盟已与 1993 年完成了溶剂排放标准的立法工作（ EU1999/13/EC ），废除了传统的使用溶剂和溶剂汽雾在槽缸中浸泡清洗金属零部件的方式。
水溶性的表面活性剂能够有效去除油污，被大量运用于各种生产过程之中。但有几方面缺点限制了水基溶液在零件清洗上运用。（ 1 ）、水基溶液不具挥发性，如果所含的表面活性剂没有被充分漂洗干净，其化学残留物会对产品的质量和安全带来了隐患。（ 2 ）、漂洗完成后，零件表面的凹处，尤其是深孔和窄缝中残留的水分如果不能迅速彻底地清除，难以防止零件表面锈斑的产生。（ 3 ）、无法通过水的蒸馏来保证水的循环使用和洁净，水资源浪费大。（ 4 ）、因为水的潜热是 2280kJ/kg, 而有机溶剂的潜热大多在 200-300kJ/kg 左右。因此水基溶液清洗零件后的烘干工序需要大量热能。
四．泡沫清洗消毒技术的现状及应用：泡沫清洗消毒是目前国际流行的一种清洗方式，适用于啤酒、饮料、制药及肉制品加工等行业设备及环境的手动清洗，它克服了传统清洗方式清洗不彻底、效率低、清洗与消毒各自独立等缺点，在使用方法上有了本质的改进。
低压泡沫清洗消毒是将泡沫清洗剂按比例添加到水中，溶液在混合器内被压缩空气充分混合后使其发泡，然后将发泡后的清洗液通过出口软管及喷枪喷洒在被洗物的表面，清洗液与污垢保持充分的接触时间后，通过分散、吸附、溶解、包裹方式处理污垢，使污垢与物体表面彻底分离，再用清水冲洗便可将处于极易剥离状态的污垢很容易除去，污垢清洗干净后再经过一遍消毒程序，即可达到清洗消毒的作用。
目前，各种泡沫清洗设备已经随处可见，但均用于外部大面积环境，大型食品加工设备的清洗和消毒。尚未在餐具清洗和衣物洗涤领域得到运用，这是因为到目前为止，采用已有的泡沫发生和清洗设备，对于泡沫量，密度，温度，尺寸，韧度，移动速度，寿命，消泡条件和湮灭时间等均难以控制。即便能控制，成本问题也需要考虑。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法及设备，要解决现有清洗技术清洗不彻底、效率低、成本高的技术问题，并解决现有泡沫清洗方法和设备，对于泡沫量、密度、温度等条件均难以控制、清洗效果差、清洗对象表面残留的泡沫难于去除和排放、对清洗对象局限性大，设备结构复杂、噪音大、耗水量大、洗涤剂成本高的技术问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
这种用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法，通过加热部件对工作液加热产生泡沫，大量泡沫直接在清洗室内形成或从外面引入清洗室；通过对清洗泡沫进行有效控制，使放置于清洗室中的清洗对象所附污垢、有害物质和微生物，在清洗室内的温度和压力分别为 30 ～ 250 ℃和 1 ～ 5 个标准大气压下，充分与泡沫表面有效成分接触，通过多种作用机制，被分离、破坏或杀灭，并随着清洗室内压力和温度的降低，与泡沫一道脱离被清洗物表面，清洗室内带有泡沫和污染物的空气排出清洗室，完成泡沫清洗。
所述工作液为清洗剂、消毒剂、灭菌剂中的一种或一种以上的混合物，或是清洗剂、消毒剂、灭菌剂中的一种或一种以上混合物的水溶液。
所述清洗室为能承受高于一个标准大气压的密封或半密封箱体，清洗室顶面或侧面带有上盖、侧门或清洗对象入口；所述工作液直接盛放于清洗室底部，或者盛放于可单独加热的工作液盛放容器中，并在工作液盛放容器上设有泡沫出口，形成泡沫发生器，再将泡沫发生器安装于清洗室内部。
所述清洗室内需安装有加热部件、传感部件和控水部件；所述加热部件为电热式加热部件、火焰式加热部件、微波加热部件或通气式加热部件；所述传感部件为以下几种传感器中的至少一种： a 、用于监测清洗室内温度的温度传感器； b 、用于监测清洗室内压力的压力传感器； c 、用于监测清洗室内的相对湿度的湿度传感器； d 、用于感知泡沫的位置和密度的泡沫传感器； e 、用于监测工作液量的工作液传感器。
所述控水部件包括完成后续清洗所用的清洗喷头，还包括清洗完成后排水用的排水口；当清洗完成后需要烘干时，清洗室内还安装有烘干部件，所述烘干部件为：红外烘干部件、电热式加热部件、火焰烘干部件、微波烘干部件或热风烘干部件；当清洗对象需要辅助灭菌时，清洗室内还安装有紫外灭菌灯；当清洗室内压力和温度需要迅速降低时，清洗室上还设有减压阀。
所述对清洗泡沫的控制有以下几种方式：
对泡沫清洗能力的控制，控制措施包括：对工作液配方的控制，对于带大量油性污垢的清洗对象，在工作液中添加重量百分比 0 ～ 15% 的有机溶剂；对于带菌和病毒较多的清洗对象，在工作液中添加氯甲酚类化合物或重量百分比 0 ～ 5% 的过硼酸钠；对于可能携带有毒物质的清洗对象，在工作液中添加重量百分比 0 ～ 5% 的过硼酸钠或过碳酸钠；对泡沫产生的位置和方向的控制，控制措施包括：增减泡沫发生器或引入口的数量，调整它们在清洗室内的位置分布；对泡沫的数量、密度和尺寸，以及泡沫内部的温度和压力的控制，控制措施包括： a 、控制工作液加热时间和加热温度； b 、控制通入工作液的热风或热蒸汽的温度和体积； c 、采用内壁为粗糙表面的清洗室或泡沫发生器，或者在清洗室或泡沫发生器内放置微孔材料，同时控制微孔材料的量和泡沫发生器的泡沫出口处孔径；对泡沫的厚度、粘度和强韧度的控制，控制措施包括：在工作液中添加重量百分比为 0 ～ 15% 的甘油或添加重量百分比为 0 ～ 15% 的淀粉；对泡沫运动的速度的控制，控制措施包括：调整清洗室升温速度；对泡沫渗透力和挤压力的控制，控制措施包括： a 、提高加热温度和压力，迫使泡沫密度增加，体积减小； b 、通过调整配方，降低泡沫强度； c 、反复升温降温，使泡沫反复消失和产生，增大泡沫进入缝隙的概率； d 、通过减小泡沫出口处的孔径，或在泡沫出口处加上孔径很小的滤网，使产生的泡沫尺寸很小； e 、减小热风或蒸汽吹入工作液中空气泡的直径； f 、在工作液中加入沸石等含微孔材料；对泡沫湮灭的控制，控制措施包括：调整外界温度和压力； g 、预先将待清洗对象的表面用清水湿润，以利于泡沫进入微小的缝隙或毛细管中，防止因表面张力原因，导致泡沫不能进入。
所述清洗室内压力和温度的降低包括逐渐降低和迅速降低两种方式；所述逐渐降低的措施为：停止加热、停止输入热风或蒸汽、停止引入泡沫或在清洗室内、外喷淋冷水或吹送冷风；所述突然降低的措施为：在清洗室上部或顶部设置减压阀，开启减压阀，让清洗室内的气体通过管道或容器与外界大气连通或与具有一定真空度的容器连通；所述减压阀开启方式包括以下几种： a 、自动开启：在清洗室内设置压力传感器，一旦压力达到预设值，电子控制的减压阀自动开启减压，同时控制加热部件停止加热升压； b 、破坏开启：在减压阀上安装强度有限的金属片，当清洗室内压和温度达到金属片能承受的最大值时，金属片自动破坏，使清洗室内压降低； c 、半自动开启：在减压阀排气口上设置重力盖或弹簧，当清洗室内压力超过重力盖的重量或弹簧弹力时，自动开启，让高压气体排出； d 、人工开启：预定加热保温时间结束后，人为开启减压阀； e 、长期半开启：在清洗室上部位置预留一小孔连通大气，作为减压孔，进行恒定压力控制。
所述清洗室内带有泡沫和污染物的空气排出清洗室的方式包括：清洗室中的空气先排放到连接减压阀出口的具有一个大气压的减压室内，经过减压室滤网滤掉泡沫和污染物后，排放到大气中；或者通过连接减压阀出口的管道，将清洗室中空气排放到具有一定真空度的容器内，经过滤处理后再排放到大气。
这种泡沫清洗机，包括清洗室箱体和上盖，所述清洗室箱体和上盖由连接扣连接并由密封条密封；所述清洗室箱体内放置有网架，清洗对象放置于网架上；在清洗室箱体内壁和网架下方安装有泡沫发生器，泡沫发生器由工作液和可单独加热的工作液盛放容器构成，工作液盛放容器上设有泡沫出口，工作液盛放容器上安装有加热部件；所述清洗室箱体内壁还安装有朝向衣物的清水喷头，清水喷头与外部的自来水接口连接，清洗室箱体底部设有用于排放冲洗污水的排水口，并在排水口处设有滤网 II ，排水口与清洗室外部的排放阀门连接；所述清洗室箱体内壁还安装有压力传感器和温度传感器；所述上盖上安装有减压阀，并在减压阀的出口外设有减压室，减压室顶面为过滤排放气流中泡沫液的滤网 I ，上盖底面还设有烘干部件和紫外灯灭菌部件，上盖的顶面连接有把手。
这种泡沫洗衣机，包括清洗室箱体和侧开门；所述清洗室箱体上部连接有横杆，衣物由衣架挂在横杆上，清洗室箱体下部连接有横向设置的支架，清洗室箱体内壁和支架上安装有朝向衣物的泡沫发生器，泡沫发生器由工作液和可单独加热的工作液盛放容器构成，工作液盛放容器上设有泡沫出口，工作液盛放容器上安装有加热部件；所述清洗室箱体内壁和下部的支架上安装有朝向衣物的清水喷头，清水喷头与外部的自来水接口连接，清洗室底部设有用于排放冲洗水的排水口，并在排水口处设有滤网 II ，排水口与清洗室箱体外部的排放阀门连接；所述清洗室箱体顶部安装有减压阀，并在减压阀的出口外设有减压室，减压室顶面为过滤排放气流中泡沫液的滤网 I ；所述清洗室箱体内部还安装有温度监测仪、压力传感器、温度传感器和红外烘干部件。
这种泡沫洗手机，包括清洗室箱体，清洗室箱体前侧安装有有弹性松紧手套；弹性松紧手套中心设有人手入口；所述清洗室箱体底部盛放有工作液，并安装有加热部件；所述清洗室箱体上部安装有减压阀，并在减压阀的出口外设有减压室，减压室下部的出口处设有滤网，出口经管路 I 与真空泵的入口连接，管路 I 上连接有用于排放残夜的减压室排放阀门，真空泵的出口经管路 II 通入清洗室箱体底部盛放的工作液中，管路 II 上还连接有放气阀；所述清洗室箱体顶部或侧面安装有红外烘干部件、温度传感器和湿度传感器；所述清洗室箱体外部还安装有用于探测人体是否接近的红外传感探头。
所述加热部件、红外烘干部件、温度传感器、湿度传感器、减压阀、减压室排放阀门、真空泵和红外传感探头均与清洗室箱体外部的控制电路连接。
本发明的有益效果如下：本发明采用对工作液加热，通入热风或热蒸汽以及从外面引入高温泡沫的方式，使密闭或半密闭的清洗室内堆积大量具有一定温度和压力的泡沫。并通过添加有机溶剂或其他物质，设置泡沫发生器位置，调整泡沫出口孔径，控制清洗室温度及压力等方式，对泡沫的清洗能力，泡沫产生的位置和方向，泡沫的数量，密度和尺寸，泡沫内部的温度和压力，泡沫的厚度，粘度和强韧度，泡沫运动的速度，泡沫对缝隙的渗透力，泡沫湮灭的条件和方式进行有效控制，使放置清洗室中的餐具、器具、衣物、零件、人体皮肤或其他清洗对象所附污垢和细菌、病毒或寄生虫等，在足够的高温和压力下，有充分时间与泡沫表面的有效成分接触，通过扩散、挤压、吸附、溶解、转移、包裹、软化、分解、氧化、杀灭等物理化学和 / 或生化作用机制，被分离、破坏或杀灭，并随着清洗室内压力的突然或逐渐降低，与泡沫一道脱离被清洗对象表面或排放出清洗室。该过程可反复进行，还可选用清水冲洗，干燥和灭菌等后续步骤。根据本发明技术设计出的清洗设备比传统产品具有更高的效率，更短的洗涤时间，更小的能耗，更少的用水，更低的噪音和产品成本。
与传统清洗方式相比本发明有以下优点： 1. 适合于多种清洗对象，包括餐具、医疗器具、衣物、工业零部件、文物古董、宠物、动物、人体皮肤的清洗、消毒或灭菌； 2. 基本不受清洗对象的材料和形状限制； 3. 基本不受清洗对象在清洗室内摆放位置和方向的限制，不存在清洗不到的死角； 4. 清洗、消毒和灭菌同时完成。
5. 条件控制得当，清洗率和灭菌率均很高； 6. 只在预处理和后续处理中使用清水，节水效果明显； 7. 清洗效率高、耗时很短； 8. 加热时间短、耗能低； 9. 很多设计中、不需复杂的转动部件，结构简单、噪音低、设备寿命长、成本低； 10. 不需要特别的无泡型洗涤剂，节约耗材成本； 11. 采用在高压下突然减压排放的方式，能够迅速彻底地将清洗对象表面残留的泡沫，污垢和水分排出，瞬间得到清洁和干燥； 12. 采用水溶性清洗剂，排放到空气中的泡沫容易处理，对环境污染小。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图 1 是供泡沫排放的夹层结构示意图。
图 2 是泡沫在清洗室内产生的位置和物件摆放方向示意图一。
图 3 是泡沫在清洗室内产生的位置和物件摆放方向示意图二。
图 4 是泡沫在清洗室内产生的位置和物件摆放方向示意图三。
图 5 是泡沫在清洗室内产生的位置和物件摆放方向示意图四。
图 6 是热风或热蒸汽的输送设计示意图。
图 7 是衣物在清洗室内的挂放方式示意图一。
图 8 是衣物在清洗室内的挂放方式示意图二。
图 9 是衣物在清洗室内的挂放方式示意图三。
图 10 是一种泡沫清洗机设计示意图。
图 11 是一种泡沫洗衣机设计示意图。
图 12 是一种泡沫洗手机设计示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例参见图 1 ，这种用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法，通过加热部件对工作液加热产生泡沫，大量泡沫直接在清洗室内形成或从外面引入清洗室；通过对清洗泡沫进行有效控制，使放置于清洗室中的清洗对象所附污垢、有害物质和微生物，在清洗室内的温度和压力分别为 30 ～ 250 ℃和 1 ～ 5 个标准大气压下，充分与泡沫表面有效成分接触，通过多种作用机制，被分离、破坏或杀灭，并随着清洗室内压力和温度的降低，与泡沫一道脱离被清洗物表面，清洗室内带有泡沫和污染物的空气排出清洗室，完成泡沫清洗。
本发明的清洗室可采用以下结构：放置清洗对象并对其进行清洗的容器称为泡沫清洗室。它可以是前述放置泡沫发生器的大容器，容器中产生的泡沫直接与清洗对象接触；也可以是另外的容器，从泡沫发生器产生的泡沫通过管道引入该容器与清洗对象接触。如图 1 ，该容器室 12 可以套在清洗室 7 外面。清洗室中的工作液 9 被加热，产生大量泡沫 13 。泡沫通过减压阀 14 排放到清洗室和外层之间的夹层 15 中。携带泡沫的高压气体。经滤网 16 排放到大气，截留下来的泡沫液可收集在夹层底部的收集盒 17 中，定期处理；参见图 2 ，底部方案：泡沫发生器或泡沫进口 10 位于清洗室 7 底部，由于热空气比重小，热泡沫自动从底部上升，接触待清洗对象 11 。如果污垢较多的一面朝下放置，该面接触到的泡沫密度最大，泡沫之间的相互挤压力也较大；参见图 3 ，中部方案：泡沫发生器或泡沫进口 10 位于清洗室 7 中部，泡沫从清洗室中部位置产生或引入并接触待清洗对象 11 。如果污垢较多的一面朝侧面放置，该面接触到的泡沫密度和泡沫之间的相互挤压力都较大；参见图 4 ，上部方案：泡沫发生器或泡沫进口 10 位于清洗室 7 上部，泡沫从清洗室上部位置产生或引入。如果待清洗对象 11 污垢较多的一面朝上放置，该面接触到的泡沫密度和泡沫之间的相互挤压力都较大；参见图 5 ，混合方案：泡沫发生器或泡沫进口 10 位于清洗室 7 上，中和底部，泡沫从清洗室各个位置产生或引入。不论待清洗对象 11 污垢较多的一面如何放置，都能均匀接触到泡沫；如图 6 热气加热：热风或热气的输送设计，图中离心式风机或气泵 1 可将环境冷空气压缩后通过管道 2 输送到加热室 3 ，加热室内设电热单元或火焰加热器 4 ，冷空气通过电或火焰 5 加热后，其温度和压力得到提高，通过隔热管道 6 送入清洗室 7 中的工作液盛放容器 8 中，从工作液 9 中产生丰富的泡沫。热蒸汽的产生过程类似，工厂有富余的热蒸汽时，可以直接引入清洗室。
本发明的泡沫清洗步骤如下： 1. 清洗对象预处理：（ 1 ）、餐具预处理：预先将残渣等倒出或分类处理，然后用水稍微冲洗，去除剩余残渣；（ 2 ）、医疗器具预处理：预先将剩余药物分类倒掉，然后用水稍微冲洗，去除剩余药液；（ 3 ）、衣物预处理：预先用水将内外表面湿润；（ 4 ）、机械零件预处理：用水或其他方式去除覆盖物，暴露出零件表面；（ 5 ）、人体皮肤预处理：去掉衣物，手套或袜子，露出皮肤；（ 6 ）、其它物件预处理：用水或其他方式去除表面覆盖物，暴露出物件待清洗表面； 2. 清洗对象放置：（ 1 ）、餐具，器具和零件的放置：将预处理后的餐具放入网架，网架放入清洗室中，有几种放置方式：参见图 5 ，随机摆放：适合于泡沫从多个部位和方向产生的设计；参见图 2 ，凹面统一朝下：适合于泡沫从清洗室底部产生的设计；参见图 4 ，凹面统一朝侧面：适合于泡沫从底部和侧面产生的设计；参见图 3 ，凹面统一朝上：适合于泡沫从清洗室顶部产生的设计；（ 2 ）、衣物和织物的放置：将衣物放置或挂在网架或横杆上，网架放置于清洗室中，有几种放置方式：参见图 7 ，先用衣架将衣物挂上，然后将衣架挂在横杆上；参见图 8 ，如果泡沫从下往上运动，将衣物较脏的一面朝下，铺放在网架上；参见图 9 ，如果要清洗衣物内表面，则需要用另外的架子将衣物撑开，以便让泡沫进入其中； 3. 泡沫清洗：将清洗对象放入清洗室后，按下列步骤进行泡沫清洗：（ 1 ）、关闭清洗室门盖，保证清洗室已经密封；（ 2 ）、加热工作液或向工作液通热风或蒸汽使其产生泡沫，或从外部引入高温高压泡沫，使其逐渐堆积在清洗对象内外表面，污垢与泡沫表面的工作液有效成分接触，通过扩散、吸附、溶解、转移等作用机制 , 使污垢逐渐脱离清洗对象的表面；（ 3 ）、持续加热或通热风或蒸汽，或引入泡沫，使清洗室内的泡沫密度逐渐增大，通过挤压，推揉，包裹等作用机制，进一步使污垢脱离清洗对象。清洗室内的温度和压力将逐渐升高，使达到一定预设值；（ 4 ）、在传感器的监测下，通过间歇加热，间歇通热风或蒸汽或间歇引入泡沫的方式，使清洗室内的温度和压力保持足够长的时间。在持续高温和压力的作用下，洗涤剂的清洗作用得到进一步增强，餐具表面板结的粮食硬块或零件表面的污泥也由于高温水蒸汽的浸润而软化，高温下清洗对象附带的部分有毒物将分解或破坏。即使不加消毒剂或灭菌剂，细菌和病毒也会因长时间高温而死亡；（ 5 ）、预设保温保压时间结束后，停止加热，停止吹热风或蒸汽，或停止引入泡沫。由于清洗室内温度下降，压力也随之降低，泡沫中包含的热空气体积减小，泡沫逐渐消失；（ 6 ）、重复上述（ 2 ）到（ 5 ）的步骤，使物件上重新挤满高温泡沫，再次清洗和消毒灭菌，以保证更好的效果； 4. 泡沫清除：采取两种清除方式：（ 1 ）、如果清洗对象不是过脏，可以通过停止加热，吹热风或蒸汽，或停止引入泡沫的方式，使泡沫逐渐消失。采取该模式，不必开启减压阀，但泡沫所带有的污垢会留在清洗对象表面，需要用水进行后续清洗；（ 2 ）、对于清洗对象较脏，泡沫较多，特别是需要迅速彻底去除残留泡沫和水分的情况，如机械零件的清洗，采取瞬间减压排放方式。即当清洗室保温保压时间结束后，通过电子设备或人为方式突然打开减压阀，由于清洗室内压力高于外界气压，带有泡沫和水蒸汽的空气将迅速经减压阀出口排放到清洗室外的大气或者容器中。大部分污垢和水分也随泡沫同时脱离清洗对象表面，使得其表面不仅干净，而且因为水分的排出和清洗室内的高温环境，迅速得到干燥。可视具体情况，决定是否再进行后续的清洗和干燥步骤。采用该模式的优点是：节能，省时，省水，但必须安装复杂的减压阀和控制电路，突然减压还会带来短时的气流噪音。可通过减压室使气流减速来降噪； 5. 后续清洗方式：泡沫清除后，可能需要后续清洗，可采用传统洗碗机或零件清洗设备的冲洗方式，即通过设置在多个部位，向多方向喷出的水流去冲洗表面。也可以采用传统洗衣机的方法，将清洗对象完全浸泡在清水中，经叶轮带动的旋转或搓揉等方式，漂洗干净； 6. 清洗对象的干燥：完成后续清洗后，需要烘干，可选用前述电热红外烘干，火焰烘干，微波烘干或热风烘干方式进行； 7. 清洗物件的消毒灭菌：一般情况下，经较长时间的高温，清洗对象上所带的绝大部分微生物（病菌，病毒或寄生虫或卵）均已死亡，但有毒物质不一定能全部分解或破坏。所以对于清洗医疗器具，还需增加消毒灭菌的步骤。可参照常规方法进行，如紫外灯照射，充臭氧或环氧乙烷灭菌气，喷专门的药剂，如双氧水或含氯制剂等。
本发明采取以下措施对清洗泡沫进行有效控制： 1. 泡沫清洗力的控制； 2. 泡沫产生位置和方向的控制； 3. 泡沫数量，密度和平均尺寸的控制； 4. 泡沫温度和压力的控制； 5. 泡沫厚度，粘度和强度的控制； 6. 泡沫运动速度的控制； 7. 泡沫渗透力和挤压力控制； 8. 泡沫湮灭控制：参见图 10 ，这种泡沫清洗机，包括清洗室箱体 1.1 和上盖 1.2 ，所述清洗室箱体 1.1 和上盖由连接扣 1.3 连接并由密封条 1.4 密封；所述清洗室箱体 1.1 内放置有网架 1.10 ，清洗对象 1.11 放置于网架 1.10 上；在清洗室箱体 1.1 内壁和网架 1.10 下方安装有泡沫发生器，泡沫发生器由工作液 1.8 和可单独加热的工作液盛放容器 1.6 构成，工作液盛放容器上设有泡沫出口，工作液盛放容器上安装有加热部件 1.7 ；所述清洗室箱体 1.1 内壁还安装有朝向衣物的清水喷头 1.9 ，清水喷头与外部的自来水接口 1.17 连接，清洗室箱体 1.1 底部设有用于排放冲洗污水 1.18 的排水口，并在排水口处设有滤网 II 1.20 ，排水口与清洗室外部的排放阀门 1.19 连接；所述清洗室箱体 1.1 内壁还安装有压力传感器 1.15 和温度传感器 1.16 ；所述上盖 1.2 上安装有减压阀 1.12 ，并在减压阀 1.12 的出口外设有减压室 1.13 ，减压室 1.13 顶面为过滤排放气流中泡沫液的滤网 I 1.14 ，上盖底面还设有烘干部件 1.21 和紫外灯灭菌部件 1.22 ，上盖 1.2 的顶面连接有把手 1.5 。
该清洗机使用步骤如下： 1 、倒掉清洗对象中的残渣残液 .2 、将清洗对象摆放在网架上。 3 、打开上盖，放入网架。 4 、关闭上盖，扣紧连接扣。 5 、打开清水喷头，冲洗清洗对象一定时间后关闭喷头。 6 、加热工作液，产生泡沫。 7 、在温度和压力探头监控下，通过间断加热方式，保持清洗室内具有一定温度和压力，持续一定时间。 8 、停止加热，降低清洗室内的温度和压力，使泡沫消失。 9 、重复上述 6-8 的加热，保温步骤。 10 、在保温保压时间结束后，突然开启减压阀，让清洗室内携带泡沫和水蒸汽的气流通过减压室排放到大气中。 11 、可以选择开启清水龙头，冲洗清洗对象一定时间。 12 、可以选择开启红外加热器，烘干清洗对象，同时可以选择开启紫外灯，加强灭菌效果。 13 、打开上盖，取出网架和清洗对象。
参见图 11 ，这种泡沫洗衣机，包括清洗室箱体 2.1 和侧开门 2.2 ；所述清洗室箱体 2.1 上部连接有横杆 2.10 ，衣物由衣架 2.11 挂在横杆上，清洗室箱体 2.1 下部连接有横向设置的支架 2.17 ，清洗室箱体 2.1 内壁和支架上安装有朝向衣物的泡沫发生器 2.3 ，泡沫发生器由工作液和可单独加热的工作液盛放容器构成，工作液盛放容器上设有泡沫出口，工作液盛放容器上安装有加热部件 2.18 ；所述清洗室箱体 2.1 内壁和下部的支架上安装有朝向衣物的清水喷头 2.4 ，清水喷头与外部的自来水接口连接，清洗室底部设有用于排放冲洗水 2.12 的排水口，并在排水口处设有滤网 II2.14 ，排水口与清洗室箱体 2.1 外部的排放阀门 2.13 连接；
所述清洗室箱体 2.1 顶部安装有减压阀 2.5 ，并在减压阀 2.5 的出口外设有减压室 2.6 ，减压室 2.6 顶面为过滤排放气流中泡沫液的滤网 I2.7 ；所述清洗室箱体 2.1 内部还安装有温度监测仪 2.16 、压力传感器 2.8 、温度传感器 2.9 和红外烘干部件 2.15 。
该洗衣机使用步骤如下： 1 、将衣物挂在衣架上，用小衣架撑开衣袖和裤腿。 2 、打开清洗室侧门，将衣架挂在横杆上。 3 、关闭侧门，扣紧连接扣。 4 、打开清水喷头，喷湿衣物， 20-30 秒后关闭喷头。 5 、加热工作液，产生泡沫。 7 、在温度和压力探头监控下，通过间断加热方式，保持清洗室内具有一定温度和压力，持续一定时间。 8 、停止加热，降低清洗室内的温度和压力，使泡沫消失。 9 、重复上述 5-8 的步骤。 10 、当保温保压时间结束后，突然开启减压阀，让清洗室内携带泡沫和水蒸汽的气流通过减压室排放到大气中。 11 、再次开启清水龙头，冲洗衣物一定时间后关闭喷头。 12 、开启红外加热器，烘干衣物，根据湿度监测结果，确定烘干时间。 13 、打开上盖，取出清洗干净的干燥衣物。
参见图 12 ，这种泡沫洗手机，包括清洗室箱体 3.1 ，清洗室箱体 3.1 前侧安装有有弹性松紧手套 3.3 ；弹性松紧手套中心设有人手 3.2 入口；所述清洗室箱体 3.1 底部盛放有工作液 3.10 ，并安装有加热部件 3.12 ；所述清洗室箱体 3.1 上部安装有减压阀 3.7 ，并在减压阀 3.7 的出口外设有减压室 3.8 ，减压室 3.8 下部的出口处设有滤网 3.14 ，出口经管路 I3.9 与真空泵 3.6 的入口连接，管路 I3.9 上连接有用于排放残夜 3.15 的减压室排放阀门 3.16 ，真空泵的出口经管路 II3.19 通入清洗室箱体 3.1 底部盛放的工作液 3.10 中，管路 II3.19 上还连接有放气阀 3.11 ；所述清洗室箱体 3.1 顶部或侧面安装有红外烘干部件 3.13 、温度传感器 3.17 和湿度传感器 3.18 ；所述清洗室箱体 3.1 外部还安装有用于探测人体是否接近的红外传感探头 3.4 ；所述加热部件 3.12 、红外烘干部件 3.13 、温度传感器 3.17 、湿度传感器 3.18 、减压阀 3.7 、减压室排放阀门 3.16 、真空泵 3.6 和红外传感探头 3.4 均与清洗室箱体 3.1 外部的控制电路 3.5 连接。
该洗手机的工作步骤是： 1 、人手伸入清洗室。 2 、红外传感探头探测到接近的人体，控制电路发出指令，真空泵开始工作，减压阀 7 和减压室排放阀关闭，加热单元加热工作液。 3 、减压室形成负压，空气进入工作液，产生热泡沫。 4 、热泡沫上升，包裹手部皮肤，有效成分与污垢和微生物接触。 5 、持续加热，使清洗室内有足够的温度和泡沫，并保持一定时间。 6 、清洗时间结束，控制电路发出指令，真空泵停止运转，泡沫停止产生，突然开启减压阀，清洗室内泡沫和水蒸汽随空气迅速通过减压阀进入减压室。 7 、进入减压室的气体经过滤后，经开启的减压室排放阀排放到大气。 8 、控制电路根据湿度传感器测出的清洗室湿度，决定是否开启红外加热单元，烘干手上残留的水分。 9 、蜂鸣器发出音响，提示清洗完成，抽出双手。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法，其特征在于：通过加热部件对工作液加热产生泡沫，大量泡沫直接在清洗室内形成或从外面引入清洗室；通过对清洗泡沫进行有效控制，使放置于清洗室中的清洗对象所附污垢、有害物质和微生物，在清洗室内的温度和压力分别为30～250℃和1～5个标准大气压下，充分与泡沫表面有效成分接触，通过多种作用机制，被分离、破坏或杀灭，并随着清洗室内压力和温度的降低，与泡沫一道脱离被清洗物表面，清洗室内带有泡沫和污染物的空气排出清洗室，完成泡沫清洗。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法，其特征在于：所述工作液为清洗剂、消毒剂、灭菌剂中的一种或一种以上的混合物，或是清洗剂、消毒剂、灭菌剂中的一种或一种以上混合物的水溶液。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法，其特征在于：所述清洗室为能承受高于一个标准大气压的密封或半密封箱体，清洗室顶面或侧面带有上盖、侧门或清洗对象入口；
    所述工作液直接盛放于清洗室底部，或者盛放于可单独加热的工作液盛放容器中，并在工作液盛放容器上设有泡沫出口，形成泡沫发生器，再将泡沫发生器安装于清洗室内部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法，其特征在于：所述清洗室内需安装有加热部件、传感部件和控水部件；
    所述加热部件为电热式加热部件、火焰式加热部件、微波加热部件或通气式加热部件；
    所述传感部件为以下几种传感器中的至少一种：
    a、用于监测清洗室内温度的温度传感器；
    b、用于监测清洗室内压力的压力传感器；
    c、用于监测清洗室内的相对湿度的湿度传感器；
    d、用于感知泡沫的位置和密度的泡沫传感器；
    e、用于监测工作液量的工作液传感器；
    所述控水部件包括完成后续清洗所用的清洗喷头，还包括清洗完成后排水用的排水口；
    当清洗完成后需要烘干时，清洗室内还安装有烘干部件，所述烘干部件为：红外烘干部件、电热式加热部件、火焰烘干部件、微波烘干部件或热风烘干部件；
    当清洗对象需要辅助灭菌时，清洗室内还安装有紫外灭菌灯；
    当清洗室内压力和温度需要迅速降低时，清洗室上还设有减压阀。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法，其特征在于：所述对清洗泡沫的控制有以下几种方式：
    对泡沫清洗能力的控制，控制措施包括：对工作液配方的控制，对于带大量油性污垢的清洗对象，在工作液中添加重量百分比0～15%的有机溶剂；对于带菌和病毒较多的清洗对象，在工作液中添加氯甲酚类化合物或重量百分比0～5%的过硼酸钠；对于可能携带有毒物质的清洗对象，在工作液中添加重量百分比0～5%的过硼酸钠或过碳酸钠；
    对泡沫产生的位置和方向的控制，控制措施包括：增减泡沫发生器或引入口的数量，调整它们在清洗室内的位置分布；
    对泡沫的数量、密度和尺寸，以及泡沫内部的温度和压力的控制，控制措施包括：
    a、控制工作液加热时间和加热温度；
    b、控制通入工作液的热风或热蒸汽的温度和体积；
    c、采用内壁为粗糙表面的清洗室或泡沫发生器，或者在清洗室或泡沫发生器内放置微孔材料，同时控制微孔材料的量和泡沫发生器的泡沫出口处孔径；
    对泡沫的厚度、粘度和强韧度的控制，控制措施包括：在工作液中添加重量百分比为0～15%的甘油或添加重量百分比为0～15%的淀粉；
    对泡沫运动的速度的控制，控制措施包括：调整清洗室升温速度；
    对泡沫渗透力和挤压力的控制，控制措施包括：
    a、提高加热温度和压力，迫使泡沫密度增加，体积减小;
    b、通过调整配方，降低泡沫强度;
    c、反复升温降温，使泡沫反复消失和产生，增大泡沫进入缝隙的概率;
    d、通过减小泡沫出口处的孔径，或在泡沫出口处加上孔径很小的滤网，使产生的泡沫尺寸很小;
    e、减小热风或蒸汽吹入工作液中空气泡的直径;
    f、在工作液中加入沸石等含微孔材料；
    对泡沫湮灭的控制，控制措施包括：调整外界温度和压力;
    g、预先将待清洗对象的表面用清水湿润，以利于泡沫进入微小的缝隙或毛细管中，防止因表面张力原因，导致泡沫不能进入。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法，其特征在于：
    所述清洗室内压力和温度的降低包括逐渐降低和迅速降低两种方式；
    所述逐渐降低的措施为：停止加热、停止输入热风或蒸汽、停止引入泡沫或在清洗室内、外喷淋冷水或吹送冷风；
    所述突然降低的措施为：在清洗室上部或顶部设置减压阀，开启减压阀，让清洗室内的气体通过管道或容器与外界大气连通或与具有一定真空度的容器连通；
    所述减压阀开启方式包括以下几种：
    a、自动开启：在清洗室内设置压力传感器，一旦压力达到预设值，电子控制的减压阀自动开启减压，同时控制加热部件停止加热升压；
    b、破坏开启：在减压阀上安装强度有限的金属片，当清洗室内压和温度达到金属片能承受的最大值时，金属片自动破坏，使清洗室内压降低；
    c、半自动开启：在减压阀排气口上设置重力盖或弹簧，当清洗室内压力超过重力盖的重量或弹簧弹力时，自动开启，让高压气体排出；
    d、人工开启：预定加热保温时间结束后，人为开启减压阀；
    e、长期半开启：在清洗室上部位置预留一小孔连通大气，作为减压孔，进行恒定压力控制。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于洗涤、消毒和灭菌的可控泡沫清洗方法，其特征在于：所述清洗室内带有泡沫和污染物的空气排出清洗室的方式包括：清洗室中的空气先排放到连接减压阀出口的具有一个大气压的减压室内，经过减压室滤网滤掉泡沫和污染物后，排放到大气中；或者通过连接减压阀出口的管道，将清洗室中空气排放到具有一定真空度的容器内，经过滤处理后再排放到大气。
  8. 一种泡沫清洗机，其特征在于：包括清洗室箱体（1.1）和上盖（1.2），所述清洗室箱体（1.1）和上盖由连接扣（1.3）连接并由密封条（1.4）密封；
    所述清洗室箱体（1.1）内放置有网架（1.10），清洗对象（1.11）放置于网架（1.10）上；在清洗室箱体（1.1）内壁和网架（1.10）下方安装有泡沫发生器，泡沫发生器由工作液（1.8）和可单独加热的工作液盛放容器（1.6）构成，工作液盛放容器上设有泡沫出口，工作液盛放容器上安装有加热部件（1.7）；
    所述清洗室箱体（1.1）内壁还安装有朝向衣物的清水喷头（1.9），清水喷头与外部的自来水接口（1.17）连接，清洗室箱体（1.1）底部设有用于排放冲洗污水（1.18）的排水口，并在排水口处设有滤网II（1.20），排水口与清洗室外部的排放阀门（1.19）连接；
    所述清洗室箱体（1.1）内壁还安装有压力传感器（1.15）和温度传感器（1.16）；
    所述上盖（1.2）上安装有减压阀（1.12），并在减压阀（1.12）的出口外设有减压室（1.13），减压室（1.13）顶面为过滤排放气流中泡沫液的滤网I（1.14），上盖底面还设有烘干部件（1.21）和紫外灯灭菌部件（1.22），上盖（1.2）的顶面连接有把手（1.5）。
  9. 一种泡沫洗衣机，其特征在于：包括清洗室箱体（2.1）和侧开门（2.2）；
    所述清洗室箱体（2.1）上部连接有横杆（2.10），衣物由衣架（2.11）挂在横杆上，清洗室箱体（2.1）下部连接有横向设置的支架（2.17），清洗室箱体（2.1）内壁和支架上安装有朝向衣物的泡沫发生器（2.3），泡沫发生器由工作液和可单独加热的工作液盛放容器构成，工作液盛放容器上设有泡沫出口，工作液盛放容器上安装有加热部件（2.18）；
    所述清洗室箱体（2.1）内壁和下部的支架上安装有朝向衣物的清水喷头（2.4），清水喷头与外部的自来水接口连接，清洗室底部设有用于排放冲洗水（2.12）的排水口，并在排水口处设有滤网II（2.14），排水口与清洗室箱体（2.1）外部的排放阀门（2.13）连接；
    所述清洗室箱体（2.1）顶部安装有减压阀（2.5），并在减压阀（2.5）的出口外设有减压室（2.6），减压室（2.6）顶面为过滤排放气流中泡沫液的滤网I（2.7）；
    所述清洗室箱体（2.1）内部还安装有温度监测仪（2.16）、压力传感器（2.8）、温度传感器（2.9）和红外烘干部件（2.15）。
  10. 一种泡沫洗手机，其特征在于：包括清洗室箱体（3.1），清洗室箱体（3.1）前侧安装有有弹性松紧手套（3.3）；弹性松紧手套中心设有人手（3.2）入口；
    所述清洗室箱体（3.1）底部盛放有工作液（3.10），并安装有加热部件（3.12）；
    所述清洗室箱体（3.1）上部安装有减压阀（3.7），并在减压阀（3.7）的出口外设有减压室（3.8），减压室（3.8）下部的出口处设有滤网（3.14），出口经管路I（3.9）与真空泵（3.6）的入口连接，管路I（3.9）上连接有用于排放残夜（3.15）的减压室排放阀门（3.16），真空泵的出口经管路II（3.19）通入清洗室箱体（3.1）底部盛放的工作液（3.10）中，管路II（3.19）上还连接有放气阀（3.11）；
    所述清洗室箱体（3.1）顶部或侧面安装有红外烘干部件（3.13）、温度传感器（3.17）和湿度传感器（3.18）；
    所述清洗室箱体（3.1）外部还安装有用于探测人体是否接近的红外传感探头（3.4）;
    所述加热部件（3.12）、红外烘干部件（3.13）、温度传感器（3.17）、湿度传感器（3.18）、减压阀（3.7）、减压室排放阀门（3.16）、真空泵（3.6）和红外传感探头（3.4）均与清洗室箱体（3.1）外部的控制电路（3.5）连接。
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