WO2014098171A1 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014098171A1 WO2014098171A1 PCT/JP2013/084024 JP2013084024W WO2014098171A1 WO 2014098171 A1 WO2014098171 A1 WO 2014098171A1 JP 2013084024 W JP2013084024 W JP 2013084024W WO 2014098171 A1 WO2014098171 A1 WO 2014098171A1
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- fuel cell
- side electrode
- fuel
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- electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
- H01M8/222—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on compounds containing nitrogen, e.g. hydrazine, ammonia
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell having a non-catalytic anode electrode and using a reducing fuel.
- a fuel cell having a structure in which an anode side electrode and a cathode side electrode are opposed to each other via a membrane having ion conductivity is known as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, for example.
- a fuel cell generally has a configuration in which an anode side electrode is laminated on one surface of a membrane having ion conductivity (for example, an electrolyte membrane made of an ion exchange resin), and a cathode side electrode is laminated on the other surface.
- Fuel for example, hydrogen
- Fuel is supplied to the anode side electrode, where it becomes proton (H + ) by the action of the catalyst, and two electrons (e ⁇ ) are emitted toward the cathode side electrode.
- Protons generated at the anode side electrode reach the cathode side electrode through the membrane having ion conductivity, and receive two electrons (e ⁇ ) from the anode side electrode by the action of the catalyst, and from the outside. Water is generated along with oxygen ions generated from the supplied oxygen. Then, the movement of electrons through the external circuit is taken out as a current.
- the reaction of H 2 ⁇ 2H + + 2e ⁇ occurs on the anode side, and the reaction of 2H + + 1 / 2O 2 + 2e ⁇ ⁇ H 2 O occurs on the cathode side, and the overall reaction is H 2 + 1 / 2O 2 ⁇ Electricity is generated by the reaction of H 2 O.
- a catalyst is used for the electrode as described above. For example, in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, platinum is often used.
- a fuel cell that performs only a desired reaction using an enzyme as a catalyst.
- fuel is decomposed by an enzyme that functions as a catalyst and separated into protons and electrons.
- alcohols such as methanol and ethanol
- monosaccharides such as glucose, or starches are used. Those using such polysaccharides have been developed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1 disclose a biofuel cell fixed to an electron transfer mediator electrode.
- polyvinyl imidazole is used as a solidifying agent when an electron transfer mediator is immobilized on an electrode material.
- Patent Document 2 has a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are opposed to each other through an electrolyte containing a buffer substance, at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode uses an immobilized enzyme, and an imidazole ring is used as the buffer substance.
- a fuel cell using the compound containing is disclosed.
- a high current density can be achieved in the cathode single electrode evaluation.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a sensor for measuring a blood glucose level using an enzyme and an electron acceptor.
- the sensor disclosed in Patent Document 3 contains a heterocyclic compound such as imidazole in addition to the enzyme and the electron acceptor, so that the storage stability of the enzyme (suppression of changes in current value before and after the storage period) Has improved.
- a type of fuel cell that does not have a catalyst function as described above and can generate power by direct oxidation of the fuel itself.
- a reducing agent such as an ascorbic acid aqueous solution as a fuel
- Electrochemistry 76 No. 8, (2008) p. 594-596 Electrochemistry Communications, Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2006, pages 720-724
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell having a non-catalytic anode electrode and achieving an excellent output in a fuel cell using a reducing agent as fuel.
- the present invention that has achieved the above-described object includes the following.
- the reducing fuel is at least one reducing fuel selected from ascorbic acid, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleolic acid, and hydrogen ( 1) The fuel cell as described.
- heterocyclic compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of pyrazole, thiazole, 1-vinylimidazole, polyvinylimidazole, and histidine.
- the output can be greatly improved in a fuel cell having a non-catalytic anode electrode and using a reducing agent as fuel.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of measuring battery characteristics for fuel cells of Examples 3 to 7 (using 2M sodium ascorbate as a reducing agent).
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of measuring cell characteristics for fuel cells of Examples 3 to 7 (using NADH as a reducing agent).
- the fuel cell is a fuel cell in which a cathode electrode and an anode electrode are opposed to each other with an electrolyte, and the reducing fuel supplied to the anode electrode contains 5- or 6-membered nitrogen and carbon. It means a type of fuel cell that is oxidized in the presence of a heterocyclic compound.
- a fuel cell 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes an anode-side electrode 11, a cathode-side electrode 12, and an ion conductive membrane 13 (hereinafter referred to as an electrolyte membrane 13) disposed between the anode-side electrode 11 and the cathode-side electrode 12. ).
- the anode side electrode 11 is disposed inside the anode electrode chamber 14
- the cathode side electrode 12 is disposed inside the cathode electrode chamber 15.
- the anode electrode chamber 14 is filled or supplied with reducing fuel.
- the reducing fuel charged or supplied to the anode electrode chamber 14 is a heterocyclic containing a reducing agent as a fuel and a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen and carbon. It is preferable to contain a compound.
- the heterocyclic compound containing 5- or 6-membered ring nitrogen and carbon may be mixed in advance with the reducing fuel charged or supplied to the anode electrode chamber 14, or the reduction.
- the anode electrode chamber 14 may be supplied separately from the sexual fuel.
- the heterocyclic compound containing 5- or 6-membered nitrogen and carbon may be present on the surface of the anode-side electrode 11 that contacts the reducing fuel. For example, by applying a solution containing a heterocyclic compound containing 5- or 6-membered nitrogen and carbon to the surface of the anode-side electrode 11 in contact with the fuel, 5- or 6-membered nitrogen or carbon is applied to the surface. Heterocyclic compounds can be present. Or when producing the electrode material which comprises the anode side electrode 11, you may mix the heterocyclic compound containing 5- or 6-membered nitrogen and carbon.
- the reducing fuel means a compound (reducing agent) that reduces other chemical species in the oxidation-reduction reaction. That is, the reducing fuel is oxidized in the oxidation-reduction reaction.
- the reducing fuel is an electron donor.
- the reducing fuel that can be used in the fuel cell 1 include ascorbic acid, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (hereinafter referred to as NADH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleolic acid (hereinafter referred to as NADPH) and hydrogen.
- NADH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleolic acid
- hydrogen hydrogen
- the reducing fuel it is preferable to use at least one reducing fuel selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, NADH and NADPH, and it is more preferable to use ascorbic acid as the reducing fuel. .
- the concentration of the reducing fuel is not particularly limited, but may be 0.2 to 2.0 M, for example.
- concentration of the reducing fuel exceeds this range, there may be a problem that substrate diffusion becomes insufficient due to an increase in viscosity. Further, if the concentration of the reducing fuel is below this range, there is a possibility that sufficient output cannot be obtained.
- the 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen and carbon is a 5-membered or 6-membered ring compound composed of only carbon, and one or more carbons, preferably two carbons are nitrogen. It is a substituted compound.
- the heterocyclic compound may be an aliphatic compound or an aromatic compound. Examples of the aliphatic heterocyclic compound having a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen include, but are not limited to, 2-imidazolidinone, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, and derivatives thereof.
- the aromatic heterocyclic compound having a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen is not particularly limited, but pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, Mention may be made of 1,2,3-triazine and bipyridine and their derivatives. Among them, it is preferable to use a heterocyclic compound containing a 5-membered ring nitrogen, particularly an aromatic heterocyclic compound containing a 5-membered nitrogen.
- heterocyclic compound containing a 5-membered ring nitrogen particularly an aromatic heterocyclic compound containing a 5-membered nitrogen
- the output in the fuel cell can be improved.
- the heterocyclic compounds listed above are pyrrolidine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, and isothiazole.
- the heterocyclic compound containing 5- or 6-membered nitrogen and carbon is preferably a compound having an imidazole ring (imidazole derivative or imidazole compound).
- imidazole derivative or imidazole compound By using a compound having an imidazole ring, the output in the fuel cell can be improved.
- the heterocyclic compound containing 5 or 6-membered nitrogen and carbon is particularly a compound (one or more) selected from pyrazole, thiazole, 1-vinylimidazole, polyvinylimidazole and histidine. Is preferably used.
- the compound having an imidazole ring is not particularly limited, but in addition to imidazole, imidazole derivatives, that is, histidine, 1-vinylimidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl Imidazole, ethyl imidazole-2-carboxylate, imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid, 2-acetylbenzimidazole, 1-acetyl Imidazole, N-acetylimidazole, 2-aminobenzimidazole, N- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole, 5-amino-2- (trifluoromethyl) benzimidazole, 4-azabenzimidazole, 4-a 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, benzimidazole, 1-
- imidazole, histidine and / or 1-vinylimidazole as the imidazole compound. This is because the enzyme activity of the immobilized enzyme can be greatly improved by using imidazole, histidine and / or 1-vinylimidazole.
- the compound having an imidazole ring polymers such as polyvinyl imidazole, polybenzimidazole and derivatives thereof can be used.
- polyvinyl imidazole it is preferable to use polyvinyl imidazole. This is because the enzyme activity of the immobilized enzyme can be greatly improved by using polyvinylimidazole.
- the molecular weight of the polymer is preferably 5000 to 1000000, more preferably 5000 to 200000, and most preferably 100000 to 200000.
- the concentration of the imidazole compound contained in the reducing fuel is not particularly limited when the imidazole compound is used in a solution, but is preferably 0.2 to 5.0 M, preferably 0.5 to More preferably, it is 2.0 M (concentration value is imidazole group conversion).
- concentration value is imidazole group conversion.
- the imidazole compound when using the imidazole compound is applied to the anode 11 to the carrier, it is preferable that the imidazole compound and 2.0 ⁇ 50nmol / cm 2, be 5.0 ⁇ 20nmol / cm 2 More preferred.
- concentration of the imidazole compound within this range, the reaction efficiency in the oxidation reaction of the reducing fuel is excellent, and a more excellent output can be achieved. If the imidazole concentration is below this range, the effect of improving the reaction efficiency of the oxidation reaction of the reducing fuel may be reduced.
- concentration of an imidazole type compound exceeds this range, there exists a possibility that the viscosity of a solution may become high and reactivity may fall.
- the anode side electrode 11 is composed of an electrode material having conductivity. It is preferable that the anode side electrode 11 does not have a function of catalyzing an oxidation reaction of the reducing fuel.
- having no catalytic function is almost synonymous with having no precious metal catalyst such as an enzyme in a biofuel cell (including an immobilized enzyme) or a platinum in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. That is, the fuel cell according to the present invention does not have an enzyme in a biofuel cell or a noble metal catalyst such as platinum in a solid polymer fuel cell.
- an electrode material For example, carbon materials, such as carbon black, carbon felt, carbon paper, and activated carbon, can be used.
- the cathode side electrode 12 is composed of an electrode material and a reduction reaction related agent.
- a reduction reaction-related agent in the cathode side electrode 12 for example, a carbon powder on which a metal catalyst such as platinum is supported as an electrode catalyst, or an oxygen reductase and a mediator can be used.
- oxygen reductase that can be used as a reduction reaction-related agent
- bilirubin oxidase, laccase, peroxidase, or the like can be used.
- the mediator the same mediator as described above can be used.
- the reduction reaction-related agent is composed of carbon powder on which a metal catalyst is supported, for example, platinum, iron, nickel, cobalt, ruthenium or the like is used as the metal catalyst.
- carbon powder for example, carbon black such as acetylene black, furnace black, channel black, thermal black or the like is used.
- the reaction for generating water from oxygen and protons proceeds at the cathode side electrode 12 in the cathode electrode chamber 15. Therefore, the cathode electrode 12 needs to be supplied with oxygen for use in the reaction.
- oxygen used for this reaction may be supplied by introducing an oxygen-containing gas (for example, air) into the cathode electrode chamber 15.
- a buffer solution (containing oxygen) to which a sacrificial reagent such as potassium ferricyanide is added may be supplied into the cathode electrode chamber 15.
- oxygen gas can be used.
- the cathode side electrode 12 can be produced as an immobilized enzyme in which the oxygen reductase and the mediator are immobilized on an electrode material with a polymer and a crosslinking agent.
- an immobilized enzyme that becomes the cathode-side electrode 12 can be prepared by dissolving an oxygen reductase and a mediator in a buffer solution and immersing the solution in an electrode material.
- the polymer, the crosslinking agent, and the buffer solution that can be used here can be the same as those used for the anode electrode 11 described above.
- the cathode-side electrode 12 uses carbon powder carrying a metal catalyst as an electrolyte (for example, perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid electrolyte) similar to the electrolyte membrane 13 described later. Can be prepared by immobilizing the electrode material.
- an electrolyte for example, perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid electrolyte
- the electrolyte membrane 13 is not particularly limited as long as it does not have electronic conductivity and has proton conductivity.
- a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid resin film a copolymer film of a trifluorostyrene derivative, a polybenzimidazole film impregnated with phosphoric acid, an aromatic polyether ketone sulfonic acid film, and the like can be given.
- Nafion registered trademark
- the fuel cell 1 according to the present invention configured as described above, for example, when ascorbic acid is used as the reducing fuel for the fuel supplied to the anode side electrode 11, the fuel cell 1 in the anode side electrode 11 and the cathode side electrode 12 is used.
- the oxidation-reduction reaction is represented by the following formulas (1) and (2), respectively.
- Anode Ascorbic acid ⁇ Dehydroascorbic acid + 2H ++ 2e ⁇ (1)
- Cathode 2H + + 1 / 2O 2 + 2e ⁇ ⁇ H 2 O (2) That is, in the anode side electrode 11, a reducing fuel such as ascorbic acid is oxidized, and a reaction that generates hydrogen ions and electrons is performed. The electrons are transported to the electrode material by the mediator and further transported to the cathode side electrode 12 through an external circuit. The hydrogen ions move to the cathode side electrode 12 through the electrolyte membrane 13. On the other hand, the cathode side electrode 12 performs a reaction in which hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen react to generate water. These reactions release energy to the external circuit.
- the fuel cell 1 according to the present invention in the presence of a heterocyclic compound containing a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen and carbon, the oxidation reaction of the reducing fuel at the anode-side electrode 11 (for example, the reaction of (1) above). Proceed with For this reason, the fuel cell 1 according to the present invention achieves a higher output as compared with the case where the oxidation reaction proceeds in the absence of a heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen and carbon of a 5- or 6-membered ring. Can do.
- Example 1 a fuel cell comprising a reducing fuel, a fuel containing an imidazole compound as a heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen and carbon of a 5- or 6-membered ring, and a non-catalytic anode electrode was produced, and the battery characteristics were evaluated.
- test cell as schematically shown in FIG. 2 was produced and the output characteristics were evaluated.
- the test cell shown in FIG. 2 has a configuration in which the anode side electrode 11 and the cathode side electrode 12 face each other with the electrolyte membrane 13 interposed therebetween.
- the test cell shown in FIG. 2 includes an anode-side current collector 20 disposed so as to contact the anode-side electrode 11 and a cathode-side current collector 21 disposed so as to contact the cathode-side electrode 12. Yes. Further, in the test cell shown in FIG.
- a laminated structure composed of the anode-side current collector 20, the anode-side electrode 11, the electrolyte membrane 13, the cathode-side electrode 12, and the cathode-side current collector 21 is sandwiched between silicon 22,
- the silicon 22 is sandwiched between a pair of acrylic plates 23. More specifically, a test cell was produced as follows.
- cathode-side electrode 12 A dispersion solution in which carbon black, 10% polyvinyl pyridine, and N-methylpyrrolidone are mixed was applied to carbon felt cut out to 1 cm 2 (trade name: Torayca mat). The dried electrode was used as the cathode side electrode 12.
- Example 1 Production of Fuel Cell of Example 1 Using anode side electrode 11 and cathode side electrode 12 produced as described above, anode side current collector 20, anode side electrode 11, electrolyte membrane 13, cathode side A laminated structure including the electrode 12 and the cathode-side current collector 21 was produced.
- a fuel cell (Example 1) was manufactured by supplying a 2M sodium ascorbate, 1M imidazole-HCl (pH 7.0) solution to the anode electrode 11 and a 1M potassium ferricyanide solution to the cathode.
- Example 1 was different from Example 1 except that the fuel supplied to the anode was a 2M sodium ascorbate solution (a solution not containing 1M imidazole-HCl). Similarly, a fuel cell was produced.
- the fuel supplied to the anode was a 2M sodium ascorbate solution (a solution not containing 1M imidazole-HCl). Similarly, a fuel cell was produced.
- Example 1 The battery characteristics of the fuel cells of Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 produced as described above were evaluated as follows. That is, the battery output was measured using ELECTRONIC Load PLZ164WA (manufactured by KIKUSUI) and WAVY FOR PLZ-4W software (manufactured by KIKUSUI) as an external load device connected in series between the battery electrodes. The measurement was performed under room temperature conditions (about 25 ° C.).
- FIG. 3 shows the results of comparing the cell outputs of the fuel cell of Example 1 and the fuel cell of Comparative Example 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the output of the fuel cell of Comparative Example 1 was 5.4 mW / cm 2 , while the output of the fuel cell of Example 1 was 6.6 mW / cm 2 .
- the result of having compared the battery output about the fuel cell of Example 2 and the fuel cell of the comparative example 1 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the output of the fuel cell of Comparative Example 1 was 4.28 mW / cm 2 , while the output of the fuel cell of Example 1 was 6.51 mW / cm 2 .
- Examples 3 to 7 In this example, a fuel cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using various heterocyclic compounds as heterocyclic compounds containing 5- or 6-membered nitrogen and carbon, and the battery characteristics were evaluated. That is, in Examples 3 to 7, a fuel cell (using 2M sodium ascorbate as a reducing agent) was used in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2 except that the heterocyclic compound shown in Table 1 was used instead of 1M imidazole-HCl. And a fuel cell using NADH as a reducing agent). The molecular weight of polyvinyl imidazole used in Example 6 was 111500.
- Example 2 And about the produced fuel cell, it carried out similarly to Example 1 and 2, and evaluated the battery characteristic. That is, the battery output was measured using ELECTRONIC Load PLZ164WA (manufactured by KIKUSUI) and WAVY FOR PLZ-4W software (manufactured by KIKUSUI) as an external load device connected in series between the battery electrodes. The measurement was performed under room temperature conditions (about 25 ° C.).
- Table 3 and FIG. 6 show the results of measuring the cell output of the fuel cells of Examples 3 to 7 using NADH.
- Table 2 and FIG. 5 also show the results of measuring the battery output of the fuel cell (comparative example) using the NADH solution not containing the above-mentioned heterocyclic compound.
Abstract
Description
カソード:2H++1/2O2+2e- → H2O (2)
すなわちアノード側電極11では、アスコルビン酸等の還元性燃料が酸化され、水素イオンと電子を生ずる反応が行われる。電子は、メディエータによって電極材に運ばれ、さらに外部回路を通じてカソード側電極12に運ばれる。水素イオンは、電解質膜13を介して、カソード側電極12に移動する。一方、カソード側電極12では、水素イオン、電子、酸素が反応して水を生成する反応が行われる。これらの反応によって、外部回路にエネルギーを放出する。
本実施例では、還元性燃料と、5又は6員環の窒素及び炭素を含む複素環式化合物としてイミダゾール系化合物を含む燃料及び非触媒のアノード電極を備える燃料電池を作製し、その電池特性を評価した。
カーボンブラック、10%ポリビニルピリジン、N-メチルピロリドンを混和した分散溶液を1cm2に切り抜いたカーボンフェルト(東レ社製、商品名:トレカマット)に塗布し、乾燥させ、アノード側電極11とした。
カーボンブラック、10%ポリビニルピリジン、N-メチルピロリドンを混和した分散溶液を1cm2に切り抜いたカーボンフェルト(東レ社製、商品名:トレカマット)に塗布し、乾燥させたものをカソード側電極12とした。
以上のように作製したアノード側電極11、カソード側電極12を使用し、アノード側集電体20、アノード側電極11、電解質膜13、カソード側電極12及びカソード側集電体21からなる積層構造を作製した。そして、アノード側電極11には、2Mアスコルビン酸ナトリウム、1Mイミダゾール-HCl(pH7.0)溶液、カソードに1Mフェリシアン化カリウム溶液を供給することで燃料電池(実施例1)を作製した。
実施例2の燃料電池として、アノードに供給する燃料に含まれる還元剤を2Mアスコルビン酸ナトリウムに代えて1M還元型ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドとした以外は実施例1の燃料電池と同様に作製した。
比較例1の燃料電池として、アノードに供給する燃料を2Mアスコルビン酸ナトリウム溶液(1Mイミダゾール-HClを含まない溶液)とした以外は実施例1と同様に燃料電池を作製した。
以上のように作製した実施例1、実施例2及び比較例1の燃料電池について以下のようにして電池特性を評価した。すなわち、電池出力を、電池両極間に直列に接続した外部負荷装置としてELECTRONIC Load PLZ164WA(KIKUSUI社製)及びWAVY FOR PLZ-4W ソフトウェア(KIKUSUI社製)を用いて計測した。測定は室温条件下(約25℃)にて実施した。
本実施例では、5又は6員環の窒素及び炭素を含む複素環式化合物として種々の複素環式化合物を使用して実施例1と同様に燃料電池を作製し、その電池特性を評価した。すなわち、実施例3~7では、1Mイミダゾール-HClに代えて表1に示す複素環式化合物を使用した以外は、実施例1及び2と同様に燃料電池(還元剤として2Mアスコルビン酸ナトリウムを使用した燃料電池と、還元剤としてNADHを使用した燃料電池)を作製した。なお、実施例6において使用したポリビニルイミダゾールの分子量は111500であった。
Claims (10)
- アノード側電極と、カソード側電極と、これらアノード側電極とカソード側電極との間に配されたイオン伝導性を有する膜とを備え、上記アノード側電極に存在する還元性燃料が、5又は6員環の窒素及び炭素を含む複素環式化合物の存在下にて酸化されることを特徴とする燃料電池。
- 上記アノード側電極は、貴金属触媒及び酵素のいずれも含まないことを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池。
- 上記還元性燃料は、アスコルビン酸、還元型ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド、還元型ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオリン酸及び水素から選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の還元性燃料であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池。
- 上記化合物は、アノード側電極に接触する燃料に含有されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池。
- 上記化合物は、アノード側電極における燃料と接触する表面に存在することを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池。
- 上記還元性燃料は、上記化合物を0.2~5.0Mの濃度で含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池。
- 上記アノード側電極は、炭素材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池。
- 上記複素環式化合物は、5員環の窒素を含む複素環式化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池。
- 上記複素環式化合物は、イミダゾール環を有する化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池。
- 上記複素環式化合物は、ピラゾール、チアゾール、1-ビニルイミダゾール、ポリビニルイミダゾール及びヒスチジンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1以上の化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池。
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CN201380058118.3A CN104854748B (zh) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-19 | 燃料电池 |
US14/654,321 US9742020B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-19 | Fuel cell |
JP2014553197A JP5888438B2 (ja) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-19 | 燃料電池 |
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JP (1) | JP5888438B2 (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2020053261A (ja) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-02 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 燃料電池正極用触媒、燃料電池正極用ペースト組成物、燃料電池用正極、燃料電池、および水分センサー |
JP2020098704A (ja) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | バイオ燃料電池アノード用触媒インキ組成物、バイオ燃料電池用アノード、バイオ燃料電池デバイス |
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CN105161735B (zh) * | 2015-09-17 | 2018-07-13 | 李爱冰 | 一种基于蚕丝蛋白微晶纤维素和导电碳纳米管的生物燃料电池电极材料以及制备方法 |
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- 2013-12-19 JP JP2014553197A patent/JP5888438B2/ja active Active
- 2013-12-19 CN CN201380058118.3A patent/CN104854748B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP7155814B2 (ja) | 2018-09-27 | 2022-10-19 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 燃料電池正極用触媒、燃料電池正極用ペースト組成物、燃料電池用正極、燃料電池、および水分センサー |
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JP5888438B2 (ja) | 2016-03-22 |
US9742020B2 (en) | 2017-08-22 |
JPWO2014098171A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
US20150357668A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
CN104854748B (zh) | 2017-09-22 |
CN104854748A (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
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