WO2014097433A1 - 風力発電装置及びそのロータヘッド回転ロック方法 - Google Patents
風力発電装置及びそのロータヘッド回転ロック方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014097433A1 WO2014097433A1 PCT/JP2012/082978 JP2012082978W WO2014097433A1 WO 2014097433 A1 WO2014097433 A1 WO 2014097433A1 JP 2012082978 W JP2012082978 W JP 2012082978W WO 2014097433 A1 WO2014097433 A1 WO 2014097433A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lock pin
- lock
- rotor head
- brake
- control unit
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title abstract 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0244—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/50—Maintenance or repair
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind turbine generator equipped with a wind turbine rotor locking mechanism suitable for, for example, an offshore wind turbine installed on the ocean, and a rotor head rotation locking method thereof.
- a wind turbine generator includes a lock mechanism (locking device) that locks the rotation of a rotor head (wind turbine rotor) that rotates with a wind turbine blade in order to cope with maintenance and the like.
- the lock mechanism 10 ⁇ / b> A of the gear speed increaser wind power generator shown in FIG. 8 utilizes a brake mechanism attached to the main shaft 11 that rotates integrally with the rotor head 4.
- the lock mechanism 10A is a device in which a lock pin hole (not shown) is provided in advance in the brake disk 12A, and the lock pin 13A is inserted into the lock pin hole to mechanically prevent rotation.
- reference numeral 14 in the figure is a gear speed increaser
- 15 is an output shaft of the gear speed increaser 14
- 16 is a generator.
- the output shaft 15 is also provided with a brake disk 12A 'and a lock pin 13A'.
- a lock mechanism 10A ′ having the above is provided.
- the lock mechanism 10B has a structure in which the lock pin 13B is inserted into the lock hole of the brake disk 12B attached to the main shaft 11 to prevent the rotation, similarly to the lock mechanism 10A described above.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 below disclose that a sensor is used for determining a rotational position in a locking device of a wind power generator in which a pin is inserted into an opening of a disk that rotates with a main shaft.
- the use of pins for fixing the wind turbine rotor is also disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4 below.
- the remote operation in this case means, for example, that the operation is performed from a position near the tower of the wind turbine generator, such as below or outside the tower, access moving means such as a helicopter or a ship, and a remote place such as land.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generator including a lock mechanism that reliably locks a wind turbine rotor at a desired azimuth angle by remote control to prevent rotation. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method of locking the rotor head rotation. Furthermore, the objective of this invention is providing the wind power generator provided with the monitoring function which can confirm the reliable operation
- a wind turbine generator includes a brake mechanism provided in a drive system that transmits rotation from a rotor head to a generator and provided with a brake disk, and a lock pin inserted into a lock pin hole provided in the brake disk.
- a monitoring device for monitoring the a monitoring device.
- the lock pin hole position monitoring device for detecting or estimating the current position of the lock pin hole for determining whether or not the lock pin can be inserted is input to the control unit, the remote operation is performed. Even if the lock mechanism is operated, it is possible to automatically determine whether or not the current position of the lock pin hole can be inserted into the lock pin, and therefore it is possible to securely insert the lock pin and fix the rotation of the rotor head. Become.
- the lock mechanism includes a drive mechanism that allows the lock pin to protrude or retract in the axial direction of the lock pin, and the tip of the lock pin is located at a position away from the surface of the brake disc.
- An unlocking position an insertion preparation position in which the tip of the lock pin is brought into contact with and pressed against the surface of the brake disc at a position immediately before the turning direction of the lock pin insertion hole, and a predetermined insertion by operating the turning mechanism And a lock position for inserting and fixing the lock pin into the lock pin insertion hole rotated to a position.
- the wind power generator preferably includes a lock pin insertion state monitoring device that detects an operation state of the lock device and inputs the operation state to the control unit, whereby the lock pin is surely secured to the lock pin hole. Can be confirmed. In other words, it is possible to accurately determine and recognize whether the lock pin is in the unlocked position, the insertion preparation position, or the locked position.
- a rotor head rotation locking method for a wind turbine generator includes a brake mechanism provided in a drive system that rotates together with a rotor head to drive a generator and includes a brake disk, and a pin hole provided in the brake disk.
- a locking mechanism that inserts a lock pin that operates in the axial direction to fix the rotation of the rotor head, a turning mechanism that rotates the rotor head as necessary, a brake mechanism, the locking mechanism, and the turning mechanism.
- a control unit that performs various controls of the wind turbine generator including operation, a remote control unit that outputs a rotor head lock command by the lock mechanism to the control unit, and the lock pin hole for determining whether or not the lock pin can be inserted
- a lock pin hole position monitoring device that detects a current position and inputs the current position to the control unit;
- the lock operation of the control unit that has received a lock command activates the brake mechanism after pitch feathering to fix the rotation of the rotor head and measure the azimuth angle of the fixed position;
- the brake mechanism A second operation stage in which the rotor head is turned to a position immediately before a desired azimuth angle and a third operation stage in which the brake mechanism is operated to fix the rotor head at a position immediately before the azimuth angle; In a state where the braking force of the brake mechanism is reduced, the lock pin is pressed against the surface of the brake disk from a non-lock position spaced apart from the surface of the brake disk at a position immediately before the turning direction of the lock
- the lock pin hole position monitoring device determines whether or not the lock pin insertion hole that has been rotationally moved to a predetermined insertion position is inserted, and the lock pin is inserted and fixed only when it is determined that insertion is possible, and the brake mechanism And a fifth operation stage for fixing the rotor head.
- the rotor head rotation lock method of such a wind turbine generator when the lock mechanism is operated by remote control, the current position of the lock pin hole is automatically determined whether or not the lock pin can be inserted, and the lock pin is surely secured. And the rotation of the rotor head can be fixed.
- the rotor head of the wind power generator can be reliably locked (fixed) at a desired azimuth angle by remote control to prevent rotation, access to the wind power generator by a helicopter or the like can be achieved. It can be done safely.
- the lock pin insertion state monitoring device it is possible to confirm the reliable operation of the lock mechanism.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic structure figure showing one embodiment of a wind power generator concerning the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows the control procedure by the remote operation of the rotor head rotation lock by the control part shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the outline
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the structural example which employ
- the wind turbine generator 1 shown in FIG. 7 rotates around a substantially horizontal axis of rotation, a column (also referred to as “tower”) 2 standing on the foundation B, a nacelle 3 installed at the upper end of the column 2. And a rotor head 4 that is supported by the nacelle 3.
- a column also referred to as “tower”
- a nacelle 3 installed at the upper end of the column 2.
- a rotor head 4 that is supported by the nacelle 3.
- the wind power generator 1 is an offshore windmill, either a floating body type or a method of providing a foundation B on the seabed may be used.
- a plurality of (for example, three) wind turbine rotor blades 5 are attached to the rotor head 4 in a radial pattern around the rotation axis. As a result, the force of wind striking the wind turbine rotor blade 5 from the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor head 4 is converted into power for rotating the rotor head 4 around the rotation
- the wind power generator 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a brake mechanism BS provided with a brake disk 12 provided in a drive system that rotates with a rotor head 4 and drives a generator 25.
- a control unit 40 that performs various controls of the wind turbine generator 1 including operations of the brake mechanism BS, the lock mechanism 10 and the turning mechanism TS, and a remote operation unit 50 that outputs a rotor head lock command by the lock mechanism 10 to the control unit 40.
- the lock pin that detects the current position of the lock pin hole 17 for determining whether or not the lock pin 13 can be inserted and inputs the detected position to the control unit 40. And a, a hole position monitoring device.
- the above-described generator drive system of the wind turbine generator 1 includes a hydraulic drive system shown in FIG. 3 in addition to the gear speed increaser system shown in FIG. 8 and the direct drive system shown in FIG.
- the generator drive mechanism 20 adopting the hydraulic drive system shown in FIG. 3 and the wind turbine generator 1 including the lock mechanism 10 applied to the generator drive mechanism 20 will be described.
- the present invention can be similarly applied to the lock mechanisms 10A, 10A ′, and 10B of the wind turbine generator 1 that employs the generator driving mechanism of the speed machine type or the direct drive type.
- the hydraulic pump 21 is driven by the main shaft 11 that rotates integrally with the rotor head 4.
- the hydraulic pump 21 is connected to a hydraulic motor 23 via a hydraulic pipe 22 that forms a hydraulic circulation circuit.
- the hydraulic pressure generated by the hydraulic pump 21 is supplied to the hydraulic motor 23 through the hydraulic pipe 22, and the hydraulic motor 23 is driven by this hydraulic pressure.
- the generator 25 connected to the output shaft 24 of the hydraulic motor 23 generates power using the hydraulic motor 23 as a drive source.
- the hydraulic pressure that has driven the hydraulic motor 23 is returned to the hydraulic pump 21 through the hydraulic pipe 22.
- Such a hydraulic drive generator drive mechanism 20 also includes a break disk 12 attached to a main shaft 11 that rotates integrally with the rotor head 4.
- the brake disk 12 is a disk-like member that rotates integrally with the main shaft 11 and constitutes a brake mechanism BS that decelerates and stops the rotation of the rotor head 4 and the main shaft 11 with frictional force.
- the lock mechanism 10 is a device that mechanically prevents rotation using a brake mechanism BS attached to a shaft portion such as the main shaft 11 that is a shaft portion of a drive system that rotates with the rotor head 4 to drive the generator 25. It is.
- the brake mechanism BS in this case is not particularly limited as to the combined use or non-use of the mechanical brake.
- the lock mechanism 10 is provided with a lock pin hole 17 in the brake disk 12 in advance, and a lock pin 13 that operates in the axial direction of the main shaft 11 is inserted into the lock pin hole 17.
- a lock pin 13 that operates in the axial direction of the main shaft 11 is inserted into the lock pin hole 17.
- the distal end side of the lock pin 13 has a smaller diameter than other portions by forming a tapered surface.
- the wind turbine rotor 5 and the lock pin hole 17 are assembled so as to always have the same positional relationship. For example, if the wind turbine rotor 5 is in a state of being stopped in a Y shape, the lock pin hole is always assembled at 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees, and 315 degrees.
- FIG. 4 is a view of the brake disk 12 as viewed from the rotor head 4 side.
- four lock pin holes 17 are formed at a pitch of 90 degrees on the same circumference.
- the brake disc 12 has a turning direction clockwise by the turning mechanism TS as indicated by an arrow in the drawing.
- the shape of the lock pin hole 17 is also preferably a truncated cone shape having a large diameter on the inlet side in accordance with the tip shape of the lock pin 13.
- the drive system of the lock pin operating mechanism 30 that operates the lock pin 13 includes, for example, an electric system, an electromagnet system, and a spring system in addition to the hydraulic system shown in FIG. 6, and is not particularly limited.
- the lock pin operating mechanism 30 shown in FIG. 6 is supported so that the lock pin 13 is slidable in the operation direction (axial direction of the main shaft 11) along the guide hole 32 of the main body 31 fixedly installed at a proper position inside the nacelle 3. ing.
- a cylinder chamber 33 is formed inside the lock pin 13, and a piston 34 installed in the cylinder chamber 33 is fixed to the main body 31.
- the lock pin operating mechanism 30 is a hydraulic mechanism including a piston 34, and the inside of the cylinder chamber 33 is divided into a hydraulic space 35 A on the tip end side of the lock pin 13 and a hydraulic space 35 B on the base side of the lock pin 13 by the piston 34. It is divided (separated) into two.
- the hydraulic spaces 35A and 35B are connected to a hydraulic supply source (not shown). Therefore, in a state where the hydraulic pressure is supplied to the hydraulic space 35B (the left side in FIG. 5), the lock pin 13 is retracted into the main body 31 along the guide hole 32 and the piston rod 36, and is separated from the brake disk 12. In the unlocked position.
- the lock pin 13 protrudes to the outside of the main body 31 along the guide hole 32 and the piston rod 36, and brakes through a process such as positioning described later.
- the lock pin hole 17 of the disk 12 is in the locked position.
- Such a non-lock position and a lock position of the lock pin 13 are detected by the lock pin insertion state monitoring device 70.
- 6 includes a rod member 37 that operates integrally with the lock pin 13, and a pair of limit switches (monitoring sensors) 38A that are arranged in a sliding direction of the rod member 37 and fixed at predetermined positions. , 38B.
- both the pair of limit switches 38A and 38B detect the rod member 37, it is determined as the unlocked position, and when only the monitoring sensor 38A disposed on the disc brake 12 side detects the rod member 37, the locked position is reached. It is judged.
- the above-described lock pin insertion status monitoring device 70 may be appropriately selected from non-contact sensors and contact sensors.
- non-contact type sensors include lasers, infrared rays, ultrasonic waves, diagnostic imaging, magnetism, light, etc.
- contact type sensors include detection pins and levers. Some are installed and linked with limit switches or proximity switches.
- the hydraulic spaces 35A and 35B of the lock pin operating mechanism 30 described above need to be set not only when the lock pin 13 is inserted but also with an appropriate pull-out force, both are connected to a hydraulic supply source and hydraulically operated in both directions. However, the hydraulic pressure may be supplied only to one of the hydraulic spaces in combination with a return spring, for example.
- the hole diameter of the lock pin hole 17 is set to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the lock pin 13 in order to reduce the backlash when the lock pin 13 is inserted. Therefore, in order to completely insert the lock pin 13 or to avoid galling during pin insertion, the position of the lock pin hole 17 that rotates and the position of the lock pin 13 in the fixed position are accurately set. It is necessary to match. Moreover, since it is necessary to confirm the reliable insertion and extraction of the lock pin 13 when accessing the wind turbine generator 1 and when it is detached, it is necessary to monitor the pin insertion state.
- movement procedure by remote operation ie, the rotor head rotation locking method of a wind power generator
- the lock operation (operation procedure) of the control unit 40 that has received the rotor head lock command from the remote operation unit 50 includes first to fifth operation steps described below. Yes.
- the brake mechanism BS is operated to fix the rotation of the rotor head 4 and measure the azimuth angle at the fixed position.
- This first operation stage corresponds to steps S2 to S4 in the flowchart of FIG.
- the operation of the brake mechanism BS is released and the rotor head 4 is turned to a position immediately before a desired azimuth angle.
- This second operation stage corresponds to steps S5 and S6 in the flowchart of FIG.
- the brake mechanism BS is operated to fix the rotor head 4 at a position immediately before the azimuth angle.
- This third operation stage corresponds to step S7 in the flowchart of FIG.
- the lock pin 13 is moved from the non-lock position spaced from the surface of the brake disk 12 to the position immediately before the turning direction of the lock pin insertion hole 17 in the turning direction. 12 is moved to an insertion preparation position pressed against the surface of 12.
- This fourth operation stage corresponds to steps S8 and S9 in the flowchart of FIG.
- the lock pin hole position monitoring device 60 determines whether or not the lock pin insertion hole 17 that has been rotated to the predetermined insertion position by operating the turning mechanism TS is inserted, and only when it is determined that the insertion is possible.
- the lock pin 12 is inserted and fixed, and the brake mechanism BS is operated to fix the rotor head 4.
- This fifth operation stage corresponds to steps S10 to S14 in the flowchart of FIG.
- the remote operation switch of the remote operation unit 50 by operating the remote operation switch of the remote operation unit 50, the remote operation is enabled (remote operation switch On). For example, when the wind power generator 1 is accessed by a helicopter in order to perform emergency maintenance, this operation is performed by wireless remote control from the helicopter. In addition, remote operation by wire from the land beforehand or by radio from the sea is also possible.
- pitch feathering the pitch angle of the wind turbine rotor blade 5 is set to a feather state parallel to the wind direction so that the rotational force of the rotor head 4 due to the wind force is not generated.
- the process proceeds to the next step S3, and the rotor is fixed by the brake mechanism BS. That is, by operating the brake mechanism BS, the maximum brake force (Fmax) is applied to the brake disc 12 to fix the rotation of the rotor head 4 to the stopped state.
- Fmax the maximum brake force
- the azimuth angle of the rotor head 4 in a fixed state is measured. Since this azimuth angle measurement is necessary for operation control of a general wind turbine generator 1, it is necessary from an existing measuring device (for example, a rotary encoder or an absolute encoder provided on the main shaft) provided in the wind turbine generator 1. Get the data.
- the process proceeds to the next step S5 to stop the operation of the brake mechanism BS (brake off). As a result, the rotor head 4 and the brake disc 12 are brought into a rotatable state with the brake force released.
- step S6 turning is performed at a low speed by the turning mechanism TS until just before a desired azimuth angle.
- the lock pin hole 17 rotates, for example, from the position 17a shown in FIG. 4 to the position 17b.
- the desired azimuth angle is an azimuth angle at a position where the rotation of the rotor head 4 is fixed by the lock mechanism 10.
- the azimuth angle coincides with the hole 17.
- three wind turbine rotor blades 5 are provided at a pitch of 120 degrees, and a desired azimuth angle suitable for this case is that one of the three wind turbine rotor blades 5 is fixed in a horizontal position. Value.
- the turning mechanism TS of the present embodiment can perform motoring by hydraulic pressure using the hydraulically driven generator drive mechanism 20 or motoring by controlling the pitch angle of the wind turbine rotor 5, and particularly the low speed described above. It is not limited to turning turning.
- the above-described motoring by hydraulic pressure is to operate the hydraulic pump 21 as a hydraulic motor by the hydraulic pressure supplied from the service pump.
- motoring using the generators 16 and 16A as an electric motor is performed instead of the above-described hydraulic motoring. What is necessary is just to perform turning of low speed rotation.
- step S7 the rotor is fixed by the brake mechanism BS. Also in this step S7, the brake mechanism BS is operated to apply the maximum brake force (Fmax) to the brake disk 12, and the rotation of the rotor head 4 is fixed in the stopped state.
- Fmax maximum brake force
- step S8 the brake force of the brake mechanism BS is reduced from the maximum value Fmax to F1.
- step S9 the lock mechanism 10 is operated to cause the lock pin 13 to protrude forward from the wind turbine with the hydraulic pressure P1 from the unlocked position shown in the upper part of FIG. The state shown in the middle part of FIG.
- the hydraulic pressure P1 in this case is set to a value (P1 ⁇ P2) smaller than the hydraulic pressure P2 when a lock pin 13 described later is inserted into the lock pin hole 17. For this reason, the tip pressing force of the lock pin 13 against the surface of the brake disk 12 does not have a very large value, and does not hinder rotation by turning of the brake disk 12 described later.
- a sliding pad made of a low friction coefficient or a material that easily wears is disposed on the tip of the lock pin 13 or the surface of the brake disc 12 on which the tip of the lock pin 13 slides. It is desirable to protect.
- step S10 turning is performed by the same turning mechanism TS as in step S6.
- the brake disc 12 at the position immediately before the desired azimuth angle is slightly rotated at steps S6 and S7, so that the lock pin hole 17 moves toward the lock pin 12 at the fixed position. That is, since the lock pin 13 is pressed against the surface of the brake disk 12 at a position corresponding to a desired azimuth angle, the lock pin hole 17 is turned by 17c as shown in FIG. Waiting to move to the position of.
- the lock pin hole position monitoring device 60 detects or estimates the position of the lock pin hole 17 using position detection means using, for example, laser, infrared, ultrasound, image diagnosis, magnetism, light, etc. Confirm that there is no deviation from the position of the lock pin 13 in the position.
- position detection means using, for example, laser, infrared, ultrasound, image diagnosis, magnetism, light, etc. Confirm that there is no deviation from the position of the lock pin 13 in the position.
- the lock pin hole 17c and the position of the lock pin 13 coincide on the same axis. For this reason, the lock pin 13 is inserted into the lock pin hole 17c by the hydraulic pressure P1 and becomes the locked position because there is no wall surface of the brake disk 12 that prevents the lock pin 13 from protruding.
- step S12 to stop the turning mechanism TS, and further proceeds to the next step S13, where the rotor head 4 and the brake disk 12 are fixed by the brake mechanism BS.
- the maximum brake force (Fmax) acts on the brake disc 12 in the same manner as in step S7, and the hydraulic pressure P2 greater than the hydraulic pressure P1 in step S9 described above is applied to the lock pin 13 inserted into the lock pin hole 17.
- the rotor head 4 and the brake disc 12 are not only firmly fixed by the brake mechanism, but also the lock pin 13 of the lock mechanism 10 is inserted into the lock pin hole 17 and receives a strong pressing force in the protruding direction by the hydraulic pressure P2. Therefore, the rotation of the brake disc 12 is mechanically blocked by the lock mechanism 10. That is, the locked state in which the rotation of the rotor head 4 is reliably prevented by the cooperation of the brake mechanism and the lock mechanism 10. After the rotor head 4 is in the locked state in this way, the process proceeds to the next step S14, and yawing to the maintenance nacelle direction is performed. Therefore, in the next step S15, the wind turbine generator 1 can be safely accessed by a helicopter, and necessary maintenance work and the like are performed.
- step S11 if it is determined “NO” in step S11 that the lock pin 13 cannot be inserted, the process proceeds to step S21 where the lock pin 13 is pulled back to the unlocked position.
- the state incapable of being inserted here includes not only misalignment of the lock pin 13 and the lock pin hole 17 having a small dimensional difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter, but also includes misalignment that causes galling during insertion. .
- step S3 If it is determined that the insertion is impossible, the turning is stopped and the process returns to step S3, and the rotor is fixed by the brake mechanism. Thereafter, the processes of steps S4 to S11 are performed again until the brake mechanism and the lock mechanism 10 cooperate to be surely blocked.
- the lock mechanism 10 detects the position of the lock pin hole 17 by the lock pin hole monitoring device 60 while rotating the rotor head 4 at a low speed by the turning mechanism TS, and appropriately detects the lock pin 13 on the fixed side. After detecting and confirming the positional relationship, the lock pin 13 is inserted into the lock pin hole 17 and the brake mechanism BS is operated to be completely fixed. Further, in order to rotate the rotor head 4 at a low speed while the lock pin 13 is operated, the brake disk 12 rotates with the front end portion of the lock pin 13 in contact with the surface. Accordingly, the lock pin 13 pressed in the direction of the brake disk 12 is inserted with a relatively small impact force when the position of the lock pin hole 17 coincides.
- the current position of the lock pin hole 17 is detected for determining whether or not the lock pin 13 can be inserted, and the detection result is input to the control unit 40. Since the device 60 is provided, even if the lock mechanism 10 is operated by remote control, it can be automatically and accurately determined whether or not the current position of the lock pin hole 17 can be inserted into the lock pin. Therefore, the lock pin 13 can be reliably inserted into the lock pin hole 17 and the rotation of the rotor head 4 can be fixed.
- the rotor head 4 of the wind power generator 1 can be securely fixed at a desired azimuth angle by remote operation and the rotation can be prevented, safe access to the wind power generator by a helicopter or the like becomes possible.
- the lock pin insertion state monitoring device 70 it is possible to remotely confirm the reliable operation of the lock mechanism 10, and thus it is possible to perform safer access.
- the hydraulic pressure that is the pressing force of the lock pin 13 is variable to P1 and P2.
- the control logic may be simplified by using a constant hydraulic pressure. If the pressing force of the lock pin 13 is variable, the wear force can be reduced on the sliding surface of the brake disk 12 with which the lock pin 13 abuts. Further, if the pressing force is variable in multiple steps or continuously, A countermeasure (additional pushing) when the insertion of the lock pin 13 is incomplete is also possible. In this case, the lock pin insertion status monitoring device 70 must be used in combination.
- the lock mechanism 10 needs to have a sufficient pulling force. That is, even in the locked state, a load is constantly applied to the rotor head 4, and therefore a considerable load is required for pulling out due to the contact between the lock pin 13 and the lock pin hole 17 even during the operation of the brake mechanism BS. .
- the lock pin 13 is pulled out while the brake mechanism BS is operated by giving a rotor head lock release command from the remote control unit 40.
- the pin pulling force in this case may simplify the control logic by keeping the hydraulic pressure of the lock mechanism 10 constant, or may variably control the hydraulic pressure to enable galling reduction or forcible pulling operation. Further, if the lock pin 13 cannot be removed immediately, the lock mechanism 10 is not damaged. Therefore, the pull-out operation is repeatedly turned on / off as necessary, or the low-speed turning is performed in both the forward and reverse directions as appropriate. It is desirable to search for the timing to remove the position by positively changing the positional relationship between the lock pin hole 17 and the lock pin hole 17.
- the installation position of the brake disk 12 described above may be a drive system shaft that rotates with the rotor head 4 to drive the generator, and is not particularly limited regardless of the low speed axis or the high speed axis.
- this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, In the range which does not deviate from the summary, it can change suitably.
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Abstract
Description
図8に示す歯車増速機式風力発電装置のロック機構10Aは、ロータヘッド4と一体に回転する主軸11に取り付けられたブレーキ機構を利用したものである。このロック機構10Aは、ブレーキディスク12Aに予めロックピン穴(不図示)を設けておき、このロックピン穴にロックピン13Aを挿入して機械的に回転を阻止する装置である。
また、図9に示すダイレクトドライブ方式の風力発電装置には、上述した増速機14がないため、主軸11と発電機16Aとが直結されている。この場合のロック機構10Bは、上述したロック機構10Aと同様に、主軸11に取り付けたブレーキディスク12Bのロック穴にロックピン13Bを挿入して回転を阻止する構造となっている。
また、下記の特許文献1及び2には、主軸と共に回転するディスクの開口にピンを挿入する風力発電装置のロッキング装置において、回転位置決定にセンサーを使用することが開示されている。なお、風車ロータの固定にピンを使用することは、下記の特許文献3及び4にも開示されている。
このとき、風力発電装置に接近したヘリコプターが風車回転翼に衝突することを避けるためには、遠隔操作により風車ロータの回転を停止して確実にロックする必要がある。この場合の遠隔操作は、たとえばタワー下やタワー外のような風力発電装置のタワー近傍位置、ヘリコプターや船舶等のアクセス移動手段、及び陸地等の遠隔地から操作することを意味している。
同時に、ロックピン穴に対してロックピンが確実に挿入されたことを判別するモニタリング装置や、ロックピンを引き抜くロック機構の解除についても、確実に動作したことを確認するモニタリング装置が必要となる。
さらに、本発明の目的は、ロック機構の確実な動作を確認できるモニタリング機能を備えた風力発電装置を提供することにある。
本発明に係る風力発電装置は、ロータヘッドから発電機に回転を伝達する駆動系に設けられてブレーキディスクを備えているブレーキ機構と、前記ブレーキディスクに設けたロックピン穴に、ロックピンを挿入して前記ロータヘッドを固定するロック機構と、前記ロータヘッドを必要に応じて回転させるターニング機構と、少なくとも前記ブレーキ機構、前記ロック機構及び前記ターニング機構の動作を制御する制御部と、前記制御部に前記ロック機構によるロータヘッドロック指令を出力する遠隔操作部と、前記ロックピンの挿入可否判断用となる前記ロックピン穴の現状位置を検出または推定して前記制御部に入力するロックピン穴位置モニタリング装置と、を備えていることを特徴とするものである。
これにより、挿入準備位置の状態でロータヘッドをターニングさせれば、ロック機構のロック位置において、挿入位置まで回転移動したロックピン挿入穴が挿入可能位置にあることで、ブレーキディスク表面に押圧されているロックピンがスムーズかつ確実に挿入される。
また、ロックピン挿入状況モニタリング装置を設けることにより、ロック機構の確実な動作を確認することが可能になる。
図7に示す風力発電装置1は、基礎B上に立設される支柱(「タワー」ともいう。)2と、支柱2の上端に設置されるナセル3と、略水平な回転軸線周りに回転可能に支持されてナセル3に設けられるロータヘッド4とを有している。なお、風力発電装置1が洋上風車の場合には、浮体式あるいは基礎Bを海底に設ける方式の何れでもよい。
ロータヘッド4には、その回転軸線周りに放射状にして複数枚(たとえば3枚)の風車回転翼5が取り付けられている。これにより、ロータヘッド4の回転軸線方向から風車回転翼5に当たった風の力が、ロータヘッド4を回転軸線周りに回転させる動力に変換されるようになっている。
以下では、図3に示す油圧駆動方式を採用した発電機駆動機構20、及びこの発電機駆動機構20に適用されたロック機構10を備えている風力発電装置1について説明するが、上述した歯車増速機方式やダイレクトドライブ方式の発電機駆動機構を採用した風力発電装置1のロック機構10A,10A′,10Bにおいても同様に適用可能である。
油圧ポンプ21で発生した油圧は、油圧配管22を通って油圧モータ23に供給され、この油圧によって油圧モータ23が駆動される。この結果、油圧モータ23の出力軸24と連結された発電機25は、油圧モータ23を駆動源として発電する。なお、油圧モータ23を駆動した油圧は、油圧配管22を通って油圧ポンプ21に戻される。
ロック機構10は、ロータヘッド4と共に回転して発電機25を駆動する駆動系の軸部である主軸11等の軸部に取り付けられたブレーキ機構BSを利用して回転を機械的に阻止する装置である。この場合のブレーキ機構BSは、機械式ブレーキとの併用または非併用について、特に限定されることはない。
また、風車回転翼5とロックピン穴17とは、常に同じ位置関係となるように組み立てられる。たとえば、風車回転翼5がY字で停止した状態にあれば、ロックピン穴は常に45度,135度,225度、315度の位置となるように組み立てられる。
なお、ロックピン穴17の形状についても、ロックピン13の先端形状に合わせて入口側を大径にした円錐台形状とすることが望ましい。
図6に示すロックピン動作機構30は、ナセル3内部の適所に固定設置された本体31のガイド穴32に沿って、ロックピン13が動作方向(主軸11の軸方向)へスライド自在に支持されている。ロックピン13の内部にはシリンダ室33が形成され、シリンダ室33の内部に設置されたピストン34が本体31に固定されている。
従って、油圧空間35Bに油圧を供給した状態(図5の紙面左側)では、ロックピン13がガイド穴32及びピストンロッド36に沿って本体31の内部へ後退し、ブレーキディスク12から離間した状態の非ロック位置にある。一方、油圧空間35Aに油圧を供給した状態(図5の紙面右側)では、ロックピン13がガイド穴32及びピストンロッド36に沿って本体31の外部へ突出し、後述する位置決め等の過程を経てブレーキディスク12のロックピン穴17挿入されたロック位置にある。
図6に示すロックピン挿入状況モニタリング装置70は、ロックピン13と一体に動作するロッド部材37、ロッド部材37のスライド方向に配置して所定位置に固定された一対のリミットスイッチ(モニタリングセンサー)38A,38Bを具備した構成とされる。この場合、一対のリミットスイッチ38A,38Bが共にロッド部材37を検出した場合に非ロック位置と判断され、ディスクブレーキ12側に配置されたモニタリングセンサー38Aのみがロッド部材37を検出した場合にロック位置と判断される。
なお、非接触式センサーの具体例としては、たとえばレーザー、赤外線、超音波、画像診断、磁気、光等を利用したものがあり、接触式センサーの具体例としては、検知用ピンやレバー等を設置してリミットスイッチや近接スイッチ等を連動させるものがある。
また、上述したロックピン動作機構30の油圧空間35A,35Bは、ロックピン13の挿入時だけでなく適切な引抜力の設定も必要となるため、共に油圧供給源と連結して両方向に油圧動作するものとしたが、たとえばリターン用のバネと組み合わせて何れか一方の油圧空間にのみ油圧を供給するものでもよい。
また、風力発電装置1へのアクセス時及び離脱時には、ロックピン13の確実な挿入及び引抜を確認する必要があるため、ピン挿入状態のモニタリングが必要になる。
上述した構成の風力発電装置1において、遠隔操作部50からロータヘッドロック指令を受けた制御部40のロック操作(動作手順)は、以下に説明する第1操作段階~第5操作段階を備えている。
第2操作段階は、ブレーキ機構BSの作動を解除して所望のアジマス角直前近傍までロータヘッド4をターニングさせるものである。なお、この第2操作段階は、図2のフローチャートにおいてステップS5及びS6に相当する。
第3操作段階は、ブレーキ機構BSを作動させてロータヘッド4をアジマス角直前近傍位置に固定するものである。なお、この第3操作段階は、図2のフローチャートにおいてステップS7に相当する。
第5操作段階は、ターニング機構TSを動作させて所定の挿入位置まで回転移動したロックピン挿入穴17の挿入可否をロックピン穴位置モニタリング装置60で判断し、挿入可能と判断された場合にのみロックピン12を挿入して固定すると共にブレーキ機構BSを作動させてロータヘッド4を固定するものである。なお、この第5操作段階は、図2のフローチャートにおいてステップS10~14に相当する。
最初のステップS1では、遠隔操作部50の遠隔操作スイッチを操作することにより、遠隔操作可能な状態(遠隔操作スイッチOn)とする。この操作は、たとえば緊急メンテナンスを実施するためヘリコプターにより風力発電装置1へアクセスする場合、ヘリコプターから無線の遠隔操作により実施される。なお、事前に陸上から有線で、または、海上から無線による遠隔操作も可能である。
このピッチフェザリングは、風車回転翼5のピッチ角を風向と平行なフェザー状態にして、風力によるロータヘッド4の回転力が生じない状態とするものである。
すなわち、ブレーキ機構BSを作動させることにより、ブレーキディスク12に対して最大のブレーキ力(Fmax)を作用させてロータヘッド4の回転を停止状態に固定する。以下の説明では、このロータ固定により、ブレーキディスク12に穿設されたロックピン穴17の1つは、たとえば図3に図示したロックピン穴17aの位置で停止したものとする。
アジマス角計測後には、次のステップS5に進んでブレーキ機構BSの作動を停止(ブレーキOff)する。この結果、ロータヘッド4及びブレーキディスク12は、ブレーキ力が解除されて回転可能な状態となる。
この結果、ロックピン穴17は、たとえば図4に示した17aの位置から17bの位置まで回転移動する。この場合、所望のアジマス角は、ロック機構10によりロータヘッド4の回転を固定する位置のアジマス角であり、具体的には、固定位置にあるロックピン13と、ロックピン13を挿入するロックピン穴17とが一致するアジマス角である。
本実施形態においては、風車回転翼5が120度ピッチに3枚設けられており、この場合に好適な所望のアジマス角は、3枚の風車回転翼5の一枚が水平位置で固定される値となる。
なお、上述した増速機方式またはダイレクトドライブ方式の発電機駆動機構を採用した風力発電装置1では、上述した油圧によるモータリングに代えて、発電機16,16Aを電動機とするモータリングを行って低速回転のターニングを実施すればよい。
この後、ステップS9に進むことにより、ロック機構10を操作して図4の上段に示す非ロック位置の状態からロックピン13を油圧P1で風車前方へ突出させ、先端をブレーキディスク12の表面に押し付けてロック位置に近い図4の中段に示す状態とする。
なお、ロックピン13の先端、あるいはロックピン13の先端が摺動するブレーキディスク12の表面上には、低摩擦係数や摩耗しやすい材料の摺動パッドを配置し、ロックピン13やブレーキディスク12を保護することが望ましい。
この結果、ロックピン13及びロックピン穴17の位置にずれがなく、ロックピン13の挿入が可能と判断された「YES」の場合には、ターニングの継続により所定のアジマス角位置に到達したロックピン穴17cの位置とロックピン13の位置とが同一軸線上で一致する。このため、ロックピン13は、突出を阻止するブレーキディスク12の壁面がなくなるので、油圧P1によってロックピン穴17cへ挿入されてロック位置となる。
こうしてロータヘッド4がロック状態になった後には、次のステップS14に進んでメンテナンス用ナセル方位へのヨーイングが実施される。
従って、次のステップS15では、風力発電装置1に対してヘリコプターによる安全なアクセスが可能となり、必要なメンテナンス等の作業が実施される。
また、ロックピン13を動作させた状態でロータヘッド4を低速回転させるため、ブレーキディスク12は、表面にロックピン13の先端部が当接した状態で回転する。従って、ブレーキディスク12の方向へ押圧されているロックピン13は、ロックピン穴17の位置が一致した時点において、比較的少ない衝撃力で挿入される。
また、ロックピン13がすぐに抜けない場合は、ロック機構10を損傷させないため、必要に応じて引抜動作のオン/オフを繰り返すことや、正逆両方向に適宜低速のターニングを行い、ロックピン13とロックピン穴17との位置関係を積極的に変えて抜けるタイミングを探すことが望ましい。
なお、本発明は上述した実施形態に限定されることはなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において適宜変更することができる。
2 タワー
3 ナセル
4 ロータヘッド
5 風車回転翼
10 ロック機構
11 主軸
12 ブレーキディスク
13 ロックピン
17 ロックピン穴
20 発電機駆動機構
21 油圧ポンプ
22 油圧配管
23 油圧モータ
25 発電機
30 ロックピン動作機構
31 本体
32 ガイド穴
33 シリンダ室
34 ピストン
35A,35B 油圧空間
36 ピストンロッド
37 ロッド部材
38A,38B モニタリングセンサー
40 制御部
50 遠隔操作部
60 ロックピン穴位置モニタリング装置
70 ロックピン挿入状況モニタリング装置
BS ブレーキ機構
TS ターニング機構
Claims (4)
- ロータヘッドから発電機に回転を伝達する駆動系に設けられて、ブレーキディスクを備えているブレーキ機構と、
前記ブレーキディスクに設けたロックピン穴に、ロックピンを挿入して前記ロータヘッドを固定するロック機構と、
前記ロータヘッドを回転させるターニング機構と、
少なくとも前記ブレーキ機構、前記ロック機構及び前記ターニング機構の動作を制御する制御部と、
前記制御部に前記ロック機構によるロータヘッドロック指令を出力する遠隔操作部と、
前記ロックピンの挿入可否判断用となる前記ロックピン穴の現状位置を検出または推定して前記制御部に入力するロックピン穴位置モニタリング装置と、
を備えていることを特徴とする風力発電装置。 - 前記ロック機構は、前記ロックピンの軸方向に前記ロックピンを突出または後退可能とする駆動機構を備え、前記ロックピンの先端が前記ブレーキディスク表面から離間した位置にある非ロック位置と、前記ロックピン挿入穴のターニング回転方向直前近傍位置で前記ロックピンの先端を前記ブレーキディスク表面に当接させて押圧する挿入準備位置と、前記ターニング機構を動作させて所定の挿入位置まで回転移動した前記ロックピン挿入穴に前記ロックピンを挿入して固定するロック位置と、を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の風力発電装置。
- 前記ロック装置の動作状況を検出して前記制御部に入力するロックピン挿入状況モニタリング装置を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の風力発電装置。
- ロータヘッドと共に回転して発電機を駆動する駆動系に設けられてブレーキディスクを備えているブレーキ機構と、前記ブレーキディスクに設けたピン穴に軸方向へ動作するロックピンを挿入して前記ロータヘッドの回転を固定するロック機構と、前記ロータヘッドを必要に応じて回転させるターニング機構と、前記ブレーキ機構、前記ロック機構及び前記ターニング機構の動作を含む風力発電装置の各種制御を行う制御部と、前記制御部に前記ロック機構によるロータヘッドロック指令を出力する遠隔操作部と、前記ロックピンの挿入可否判断用となる前記ロックピン穴の現状位置を検出して前記制御部に入力するロックピン穴位置モニタリング装置とを備え、
前記ロータヘッドロック指令を受けた前記制御部のロック操作が、
ピッチフェザリング後に前記ブレーキ機構を作動させ、前記ロータヘッドの回転を固定すると共に固定位置のアジマス角を計測する第1操作段階と、
前記ブレーキ機構の作動を解除して所望のアジマス角直前近傍まで前記ロータヘッドをターニングさせる第2操作段階と、
前記ブレーキ機構を作動させて前記ロータヘッドを前記アジマス角直前近傍位置に固定する第3操作段階と、
前記ブレーキ機構のブレーキ力を低減した状態で、前記ロックピンを、前記ブレーキディスク表面から離間した非ロック位置から前記ロックピン挿入穴のターニング回転方向直前近傍位置で前記ブレーキディスク表面に押圧される挿入準備位置へ移動させる第4操作段階と、
前記ターニング機構を動作させて所定の挿入位置まで回転移動した前記ロックピン挿入穴の挿入可否を前記ロックピン穴位置モニタリング装置で判断し、挿入可能と判断された場合にのみ前記ロックピンを挿入して固定すると共に前記ブレーキ機構を作動させて前記ロータヘッドを固定する第5操作段階と、
を備えていることを特徴とする風力発電装置のロータヘッド回転ロック方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2905467B1 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
JP6000375B2 (ja) | 2016-09-28 |
EP2905467A1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
JPWO2014097433A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
EP2905467A4 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
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