全液压插秧机的液压*** 技术领域 Hydraulic system of full hydraulic rice transplanter
本发明涉及一种插秧机, 尤其是涉及一种插秧机的驱动***。 背景技术 The invention relates to a rice transplanter, in particular to a drive system of a rice transplanter. Background technique
插秧机的是农业生产中使用最广的设备之一, 它极大的降低了粮食生产, 特别是水稻生产的劳动强度。 现有的插秧机无一例外的使用机械传动, 这种传 动方式以其传动的准确性, 以及成熟的技术获得好评。 但是, 其复杂的传动机 构制约了插秧机向多功能化发展, 也提升了它的维护成本。 发明内容 The rice transplanter is one of the most widely used equipment in agricultural production, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of food production, especially rice production. The existing rice transplanters use mechanical transmissions without exception, and this type of transmission is well received for its transmission accuracy and proven technology. However, its complex transmission mechanism restricts the development of the rice transplanter to multi-functionality and increases its maintenance cost. Summary of the invention
本发明主要是解决现有技术所存在的插秧机的传动机构复杂, 布局麻烦, 制约了它向多功能化发展, 同时具有故障率高, 维护成本高等技术问题, 提供 一种结构简单、 重最轻、 布局方便、 故障率低、 维护成本低, 且为插秧机向多 功能化发展奠定基础的全液压插秧机的液压***。 The invention mainly solves the problem that the transmission mechanism of the rice transplanter existing in the prior art is complicated, the layout is troublesome, and the technical development of the multi-functionalization, the high failure rate and the high maintenance cost are provided, and the structure is simple and heavy. Lightweight, easy to deploy, low failure rate, low maintenance cost, and the hydraulic system of the full hydraulic rice transplanter that lays the foundation for the development of multi-functional rice transplanters.
本发明的上述技术问题主要是通过下述技术方案得以解决的: 一种全液压 插秧机的液压***, 包括油箱、 油泵、 若干电磁阀和若干马达, 其特征在于其 包括前轮驱动油路、 后轮驱动油路以及插植油路, 所述的前轮驱动油路与两个 前轮驱动马达相连, 两个前轮驱动马达与之间设有一个同步阀, 所述的后轮驱 动油路与两个后轮驱动马达相连, 两个后轮驱动马达之间也设有同步阀, 所述 的插植油路与一个插植马达相连。 本发明通过两个前轮驱动马达和两个后轮驱 动马达各自独立驱动车轮, 形成四驱结构, 这种驱动方式非常灵活且动力强大, 有利于其适应各种作业条件。 两前轮驱动马达之间以及两后轮驱动马达之间设
有的同步阀保证了在前进或者倒退过程中, 左右侧车轮之间的同步性。 同时, 由于在插秧机在转向过程中, 左右车轮之间对油路***的反作用力不同, 正好 通过同步阀的平衡作用, 使得其实现转弯时的内侧轮转速慢于外侧轮, 达到流 畅、 灵活的转弯效果。 The above technical problem of the present invention is mainly solved by the following technical solutions: A hydraulic system of a full hydraulic rice transplanter, comprising a fuel tank, an oil pump, a plurality of solenoid valves and a plurality of motors, characterized in that it comprises a front wheel drive oil passage, a rear wheel drive oil passage and a planting oil passage, wherein the front wheel drive oil passage is connected to the two front wheel drive motors, and a synchronization valve is disposed between the two front wheel drive motors, and the rear wheel drive oil The road is connected to two rear wheel drive motors, and a synchronizing valve is also disposed between the two rear wheel drive motors, and the planting oil passage is connected to a planting motor. The invention independently drives the wheels by two front wheel drive motors and two rear wheel drive motors to form a four-wheel drive structure, which is very flexible and powerful, and is suitable for adapting to various working conditions. Between the two front wheel drive motors and between the two rear wheel drive motors Some synchronizing valves ensure the synchronism between the left and right wheels during forward or reverse. At the same time, because the reaction force between the left and right wheels on the oil circuit system is different during the turning process, the balance of the synchronous valve is justified, so that the inner wheel rotation speed when the turning is slower than the outer wheel is smooth and flexible. Turning effect.
作为优选, 所述的前轮驱动油路包括一个前驱泵和一个 H型三位四通换向 阀, 该三位四通换向阀的进油口与前驱泵相连, 回油口与所述的插植油路的进 油端相连, 工作油口分别与两个前轮驱动马达相连; 所述的后轮驱动油路包括 一个后驱泵和一个 H型三位四通换向阀, 该三位四通换向阀的进油口与后驱泵 相连, 回油口与所述的插植油路的进油端相连, 工作油口分别与两个后轮驱动 马达相连。 无论上述三位四通换向阀处于正向油路还是反向油路, 其回油均通 过插植油路, 利用前、 后轮驱动油路的回油, 驱动插植机构工作, 当该三位四 通换向阀处于中位时, 由于该三位四通换向阀为 H型, 此时, 前、 后轮的进油 和回油油路直接接通, 前、 后轮驱动马达停止工作, 此时, 该液压油路可以驱 动插植机构工作。 本发明利用前后轮驱动油路的回油驱动插植机构, 一方面简 化了插植机构的工作油路, 另一方面, 这种方式实现了插植机构与车轮行走的 联动, 并保证了它们之间的比例关系。 在不同的路面上行走时, 还可以通过调 整前轮驱动油路或后轮驱动油路上的三位四通换向阀切换切轮驱动或后轮驱 动。 Preferably, the front wheel drive oil passage comprises a front drive pump and an H-type three-position four-way reversing valve, and the oil inlet of the three-position four-way reversing valve is connected with the front drive pump, the oil return port and the The oil inlet end of the planting oil pipeline is connected, and the working oil port is respectively connected with two front wheel drive motors; the rear wheel drive oil passage includes a rear drive pump and an H type three-position four-way reversing valve, The oil inlet of the three-position four-way reversing valve is connected with the rear drive pump, the oil return port is connected to the oil inlet end of the planting oil passage, and the working oil port is respectively connected with the two rear wheel drive motors. Regardless of whether the above three-position four-way reversing valve is in the forward oil or reverse oil circuit, the oil returning through the planting oil passage, using the oil return of the front and rear wheels to drive the oil passage, driving the planting mechanism to work, when When the three-position four-way reversing valve is in the neutral position, since the three-position four-way reversing valve is H-shaped, the oil inlet and return oil passages of the front and rear wheels are directly connected, and the front and rear wheel drive motors are directly connected. Stop working, at this time, the hydraulic circuit can drive the planting mechanism to work. The invention utilizes the oil return driving planting mechanism of the front and rear wheel drive oil passages, on the one hand, simplifies the working oil passage of the planting mechanism, on the other hand, the linkage mechanism between the planting mechanism and the wheel walking is realized, and the same is ensured. The proportional relationship between. When walking on different roads, you can also switch the cutter drive or rear wheel drive by adjusting the front wheel drive oil or the three-position four-way selector valve on the rear wheel drive oil line.
作为优选, 该***包括插植部提升油路, 插植部提升油路上设有一个提升 泵, 该插植部提升油路与提升油缸相连。 插植部需要根据作业情况调整高度, 且在作业地块之间转移时需要将插植部完全提高, 本***通过一个油泵, 即提 升泵驱动提升油缸完成。 Preferably, the system comprises a planting section lifting oil passage, and the planting section lifting oil path is provided with a lifting pump, and the planting part lifting oil passage is connected with the lifting cylinder. The planting department needs to adjust the height according to the working condition, and the planting part needs to be completely raised when transferring between the working blocks. The system is completed by an oil pump, that is, the lifting pump drives the lifting cylinder.
作为优选, 该***包括转向油路, 转向油路包括一个转向泵, 该转向油路 与一个转向马达相连。 插秧机的转向机构可以通过机械机构完成, 也可以通过 本技术方案的转向油路完成, 它通过一个油泵 (即转向泵) 带动转向马达转动。
这种方式有效的简化了机构, 方便了转向***的布置。 Preferably, the system includes a steering oil passage, and the steering oil passage includes a steering pump coupled to a steering motor. The steering mechanism of the rice transplanter can be completed by a mechanical mechanism or by the steering oil circuit of the present technical solution, which drives the steering motor to rotate by an oil pump (ie, a steering pump). This method effectively simplifies the mechanism and facilitates the arrangement of the steering system.
作为优选, 所述的插植马达的进油端与回油端之间分别并联有溢流阀、 节 流阀, 以及二位二通阀。 溢流阀对插植马达具有保护作用, 节流阀可以分流插 植马达的油量, 使其可以对插植速度进行控制, 当设定的一个节流阀的开度以 后, 由于插植油路与前、 后轮驱动油路的关系, 无论插秧机的前进速度如何, 其插秧的苗距是固定的。 也就是说, 苗距的控制通过调节节流阀的开度来完成。 使得其操作非常方便。 二位二通阀处于闭合阀位时, 插植马达工作, 当二位二 通阀处于接通阀位时, 液压油路放空, 插植马达不工作。 Preferably, an overflow valve, a throttle valve, and a two-position two-way valve are respectively connected between the oil inlet end and the oil return end of the planting motor. The overflow valve has a protective effect on the planting motor. The throttle valve can divert the amount of oil inserted into the motor, so that it can control the planting speed. When the opening of a throttle valve is set, the planting oil is inserted. The relationship between the road and the front and rear wheel drive oil passages, regardless of the forward speed of the rice transplanter, the seedling distance of the transplanter is fixed. That is to say, the control of the seedling distance is completed by adjusting the opening degree of the throttle valve. Make it very convenient to operate. When the 2/2-way valve is in the closed valve position, the planting motor works. When the 2/2-way valve is in the valve position, the hydraulic circuit is emptied and the planting motor does not work.
作为优选, 所述的各前轮驱动马达和后轮驱动马达均设有一个高低速档的 调节开关, 该调节开关与一个液压缸相连, 该液压缸与一个液压驱动的高低压 切换阀相连, 该高低压切换阀驱动端口与一个油控切换阀相连, 该油控切换阀 的两个进油端一个与提升油路的进油端相连, 另一个与转向油路、 前轮驱动油 路、 后轮驱动油路以及插植油路的出油端相连。 高速档是插秧机不作业, 在路 面上行走的档位, 低速档是插秧机在作业时的档位。 当高低压切换阀驱动端口 通过油控切换阀与提升油路的进油端相连时, 即可驱动高低压切换阀动作, 进 而驱动上述液压缸动作, 使其带动高低速档调节开关动作, 使得前、 后轮驱动 马达进入高速转动, 反之, 当高低压切换阀驱动端口通过油控切换阀与转向油 路、 前轮驱动油路、 后轮驱动油路以及插植油路的出油端相连时, 前、 后轮驱 动马达进入低速转动。 Preferably, each of the front wheel drive motor and the rear wheel drive motor is provided with a high and low speed adjustment switch, and the adjustment switch is connected to a hydraulic cylinder connected to a hydraulically driven high and low pressure switching valve. The high and low pressure switching valve drive port is connected to an oil control switching valve. The two oil inlet ends of the oil control switching valve are connected to the oil inlet end of the lift oil passage, and the other is connected to the steering oil passage and the front wheel drive oil passage. The rear wheel drive oil passage and the oil outlet end of the planting oil passage are connected. The high-speed gear is the gear that does not work in the rice transplanter, and the gear that travels on the road surface, and the low-speed gear is the gear position of the rice transplanter during operation. When the high and low pressure switching valve drive port is connected to the oil inlet end of the lift oil passage through the oil control switching valve, the high and low pressure switching valve can be driven to drive the hydraulic cylinder to operate, so that the high and low speed adjustment switch acts, thereby making The front and rear wheel drive motors enter high speed rotation. Conversely, when the high and low pressure switch valve drive port is connected to the steering oil circuit, the front wheel drive oil circuit, the rear wheel drive oil circuit and the oil discharge end of the planting oil passage through the oil control switching valve When the front and rear wheel drive motors enter a low speed rotation.
作为优选, 所述的前驱泵、 后驱泵、 提升泵以及转向泵组合成一个四连泵, 其中前驱泵和后驱泵设有一个联动调节开关。 后油泵在使用中同时启动, 并且 由发动机同轴驱动, 其布置非常紧凑。 且前后轮需要在作业或行走过程中同步 转动, 因此, 通过一个联动调节开关调节其在同一档位内的速度。 Preferably, the precursor pump, the rear drive pump, the lift pump and the steering pump are combined into a four-connected pump, wherein the front drive pump and the rear drive pump are provided with a linkage adjustment switch. The rear oil pump is started at the same time in use and is driven coaxially by the engine, which is very compact. And the front and rear wheels need to rotate synchronously during work or walking, so the speed in the same gear is adjusted by a linkage adjustment switch.
本发明的带来的有益效果是, 解决了现有技术所存在的插秧机的传动机构 复杂, 布局麻烦, 制约了它向多功能化发展, 同时具有故障率高, 维护成本高
等技术问题, 实现了一种结构简单、 重最轻、 布局方便、 故障率低、 维护成本 低, 且为插秧机向多功能化发展奠定基础的全液压插秧机的液压***。 附图说明 The invention has the beneficial effects that the transmission mechanism of the rice transplanter which is existing in the prior art is complicated, the layout is troublesome, and the multi-functional development is restricted, and the failure rate is high and the maintenance cost is high. Such technical problems have realized a hydraulic system of a full hydraulic rice transplanter which is simple in structure, lightest in weight, convenient in layout, low in failure rate, low in maintenance cost, and which lays a foundation for the development of the transplanter to multi-functional development. DRAWINGS
附图 1是本发明的一种结构示意图; Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the present invention;
附图 2是本发明的一种工作原理图。 具体实施方式 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention. detailed description
下面通过实施例, 并结合附图, 对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。 实施例: The technical solutions of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example:
如图 1、 2所示, 本发明是一种全液压插秧机的液压***, 包括油箱 15、 油 泵、 若干电磁阀和若干马达, 其包括前轮驱动油路、 后轮驱动油路、 插植油路、 插植部提升油路以及转向油路, 所述的前轮驱动油路与两个前轮驱动马达 1 相 连, 两个前轮驱动马达 1之间设有一个同步阀 3, 所述的后轮驱动油路与两个后 轮驱动马达 2相连, 两个后轮驱动马达 2之间也设有同步阀 3, 所述的插植油路 与一个插植马达 8相连。 插植马达的进油端与回油端之间分别并联有溢流阀 7、 节流阀 6, 以及二位二通阀 5。 前轮驱动油路包括一个前驱泵 10和一个 H型三 位四通换向阀 4, 该三位四通换向阀 4的进油口与前驱泵 1相连, 回油口与所述 的插植油路的进油端相连, 工作油口分别与两个前轮驱动马达 1 相连; 所述的 后轮驱动油路包括一个后驱泵 11和一个 H型三位四通换向阀 4, 该三位四通换 向阀 4的进油口与后驱泵 11相连, 回油口与所述的插植油路的进油端相连, 工 作油口分别与两个后轮驱动马达 2相连;插植部提升油路上设有一个提升泵 12, 该插植部提升油路与提升油缸 14相连; 转向油路包括一个转向泵 13, 该转向油 路与一个转向马达 9相连。 各前轮驱动马达 1和后轮驱动马达 2均设有一个高 低速档的调节开关 17, 该调节开关 17与一个液压缸 18相连, 该液压缸 18与一
个液压驱动的高低压切换阀 19相连, 该高低压切换阀 19驱动端口与一个油控 切换阀 16相连, 该油控切换阀 16的两个进油端一个与提升油路的进油端相连, 另一个与转向油路、 前轮驱动油路、 后轮驱动油路以及插植油路的出油端相连。 前驱泵 10、 后驱泵 11、 提升泵 12以及转向泵 13组合成一个四连泵, 其中前驱 泵和后驱泵设有一个联动调节开关 20。 As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the present invention is a hydraulic system of a full hydraulic rice transplanter, comprising a fuel tank 15, an oil pump, a plurality of solenoid valves and a plurality of motors, including a front wheel drive oil passage, a rear wheel drive oil passage, and a planting An oil passage, a planting portion lifting oil passage and a steering oil passage, wherein the front wheel drive oil passage is connected to the two front wheel drive motors 1, and a synchronizing valve 3 is disposed between the two front wheel drive motors 1 The rear wheel drive oil passage is connected to the two rear wheel drive motors 2, and the two rear wheel drive motors 2 are also provided with a synchronizing valve 3, and the planting oil passage is connected to a planting motor 8. An overflow valve 7, a throttle valve 6, and a two-position two-way valve 5 are connected in parallel between the oil inlet end and the oil return end of the planting motor. The front wheel drive oil passage includes a front drive pump 10 and an H-type three-position four-way reversing valve 4, and the oil inlet of the three-position four-way reversing valve 4 is connected with the front drive pump 1, the oil return port and the insertion port The oil inlet end of the vegetable oil road is connected, and the working oil port is respectively connected with two front wheel drive motors 1; the rear wheel drive oil path includes a rear drive pump 11 and an H type three-position four-way reversing valve 4, The oil inlet of the three-position four-way selector valve 4 is connected to the rear drive pump 11, the oil return port is connected to the oil inlet end of the planting oil passage, and the working oil ports are respectively connected to the two rear wheel drive motors 2 The planting section lifting oil passage is provided with a lifting pump 12, and the planting section lifting oil passage is connected with the lifting cylinder 14; the steering oil passage includes a steering pump 13, which is connected to a steering motor 9. Each of the front wheel drive motor 1 and the rear wheel drive motor 2 is provided with a high and low speed adjustment switch 17, which is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 18, and the hydraulic cylinder 18 and A hydraulically driven high and low pressure switching valve 19 is connected. The high and low pressure switching valve 19 driving port is connected to an oil control switching valve 16. The two oil inlet ends of the oil control switching valve 16 are connected to the oil inlet end of the lifting oil passage. The other is connected to the oil circuit of the steering oil circuit, the front wheel drive oil circuit, the rear wheel drive oil circuit and the planting oil passage. The front drive pump 10, the rear drive pump 11, the lift pump 12, and the steering pump 13 are combined into a four-stage pump, wherein the front drive pump and the rear drive pump are provided with a linkage adjustment switch 20.
本发明在使用中, 通过两个前轮驱动马达和两个后轮驱动马达各自独立驱 动车轮, 形成四驱结构, 两前轮驱动马达之间以及两后轮驱动马达之间设有的 同步阀保证了在前进或者倒退过程中, 左右侧车轮之间的同步性。 同时, 由于 在插秧机在转向过程中, 左右车轮之间对油路***的反作用力不同, 正好通过 同步阀的平衡作用, 使得其实现转弯时的内侧轮转速慢于外侧轮, 达到流畅、 灵活的转弯效果, 前后轮驱动油路的回油均通过插植油路, 利用前、 后轮驱动 油路的回油, 驱动插植机构工作, 当该三位四通换向阀处于中位时, 前、 后轮 的进油和回油油路直接接通, 前、 后轮驱动马达停止工作, 此时, 该液压油路 可以驱动插植机构工作。 本发明利用前后轮驱动油路的回油驱动插植机构, 一 方面简化了插植机构的工作油路, 另一方面, 这种方式实现了插植机构与车轮 行走的联动, 并保证了它们之间的比例关系。 在不同的路面上行走时, 还可以 通过调整前轮驱动油路或后轮驱动油路上的三位四通换向阀切换切轮驱动或后 轮驱动。 高速档是插秧机不作业, 在路面上行走的档位, 低速档是插秧机在作 业时的档位。 当高低压切换阀驱动端口通过油控切换阀与提升油路的进油端相 连时, 即可驱动高低压切换阀动作, 进而驱动上述液压缸动作, 使其带动高低 速档调节开关动作, 使得前、 后轮驱动马达进入高速转动, 反之, 当高低压切 换阀驱动端口通过油控切换阀与转向油路、 前轮驱动油路、 后轮驱动油路以及 插植油路的出油端相连时, 前、 后轮驱动马达进入低速转动。 In use, the present invention independently drives the wheels by two front wheel drive motors and two rear wheel drive motors to form a four-wheel drive structure, a synchronizing valve disposed between the two front wheel drive motors and between the two rear wheel drive motors. Synchronization between the left and right wheels during forward or reverse is guaranteed. At the same time, because the reaction force between the left and right wheels on the oil circuit system is different during the turning process, the balance of the synchronous valve is justified, so that the inner wheel rotation speed when the turning is slower than the outer wheel is smooth and flexible. The turning effect, the oil return of the front and rear wheel drive oil passages are all inserted into the planting oil road, and the oil returning is driven by the front and rear wheels to drive the planting mechanism, when the three-position four-way reversing valve is in the middle position The oil inlet and return oil lines of the front and rear wheels are directly connected, and the front and rear wheel drive motors are stopped. At this time, the hydraulic oil circuit can drive the planting mechanism to work. The invention utilizes the oil return driving planting mechanism of the front and rear wheel drive oil passages, on the one hand, simplifies the working oil passage of the planting mechanism, on the other hand, the linkage mechanism between the planting mechanism and the wheel walking is realized, and the same is ensured. The proportional relationship between. When walking on different roads, it is also possible to switch the cutter drive or rear wheel drive by adjusting the three-position four-way selector valve on the front wheel drive oil or the rear wheel drive oil line. The high-speed gear is the gear that does not work in the rice transplanter, and the gear that travels on the road. The low-speed gear is the gear position of the rice transplanter during the work. When the high and low pressure switching valve drive port is connected to the oil inlet end of the lift oil passage through the oil control switching valve, the high and low pressure switching valve can be driven to drive the hydraulic cylinder to operate, so that the high and low speed adjustment switch acts, thereby making The front and rear wheel drive motors enter high speed rotation. Conversely, when the high and low pressure switch valve drive port is connected to the steering oil circuit, the front wheel drive oil circuit, the rear wheel drive oil circuit and the oil discharge end of the planting oil passage through the oil control switching valve When the front and rear wheel drive motors enter a low speed rotation.
所以本发明具有结构简单、 重最轻、 布局方便、 故障率低、 维护成本低等 特点。
Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, lightest weight, convenient layout, low failure rate and low maintenance cost.