WO2014090110A1 - Implementation method of selective laser sintering process, and fiber implanting apparatus - Google Patents

Implementation method of selective laser sintering process, and fiber implanting apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014090110A1
WO2014090110A1 PCT/CN2013/088660 CN2013088660W WO2014090110A1 WO 2014090110 A1 WO2014090110 A1 WO 2014090110A1 CN 2013088660 W CN2013088660 W CN 2013088660W WO 2014090110 A1 WO2014090110 A1 WO 2014090110A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
layer
powder material
sintered powder
selective laser
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PCT/CN2013/088660
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
余金文
凌毅
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Yu Jinwen
Ling Yi
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Publication of WO2014090110A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014090110A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/02—Moulding by agglomerating
    • B29C67/04—Sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B29C70/382—Automated fiber placement [AFP]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for implementing a selective laser sintering process and an apparatus applied thereto, and in particular to a method for implementing a selective laser sintering process and a fiber implanting device.
  • SLS Selective Laser Sintering Sintering
  • the principle of the forming process is to first establish a computer 3D model of the target part, and then slice the 3D model with layered software to obtain each processing level. According to the data information, according to the slice level information, the hot meltable powder material is scanned and sintered layer by layer by laser beam to complete the target processing.
  • the advantage of this technology is that it is not limited by the complexity of the shape of the part, does not require any tooling die, is fast, efficient, and can realize the automated manufacturing of free-form entities, and is receiving more and more attention.
  • the raw materials used in SLS technology are powder materials, and the types thereof include: polymer powder materials, polymer and inorganic composite powder materials, polymer and metal composite powder materials, ceramic powder materials and metal powder materials.
  • the strength of the molded part is low, and the main reason for its low strength is that the texture is loose and the density is low.
  • the reinforcing materials such as glass fiber, glass microbeads, mineral fibers, and carbon fibers are mixed in the powder material to improve the strength of the molded article, the arrangement of the reinforcing materials in the powder material is disordered, and the reinforcing material is in the molded product.
  • the aspect ratio is relatively low, resulting in the strength of the final molded part, especially the impact strength, which is still low, which does not meet the mechanical performance test requirements of the molded part or the performance requirement for direct use of the final product.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a method for implementing a selective laser sintering process, which can sequentially implant continuous filaments into a selective laser sintering product, thereby greatly improving the molded parts. Strength of.
  • a method for performing a selective laser sintering process characterized in that, during sintering, a fiber layer composed of fibers having a high aspect ratio and an ordered arrangement is implanted in the sintered powder, after sintering The fibrous layer is wrapped in a sintered molded part.
  • the powder spreading device lays a layer of the underlying sintered powder material on the sintering work plane
  • the fiber implanting device outputs continuous filaments, and the output filaments are laid into the layer of the underlying sintered powder material;
  • the fiber implanting device repeats the above steps (2.1) and (2.2) continuously, laying the fiber filaments on the underlying sintered powder material layer in an orderly manner, and finally forming a fiber layer;
  • the powder spreading device lays a layer of the top sintered powder material on the bottom layer of the sintered powder material
  • step (2.1) the output fiber filaments are laid flat on the underlying sintered powder material layer.
  • step (2.1) one end of the output fiber filament is inserted vertically or obliquely into the underlying layer of sintered powder material; in step (2.2), after the fiber is cut, the other end of the fiber is extended
  • the bottom layer is a layer of sintered powder material.
  • the plurality of fibers are laid in parallel with each other or are laid across each other to form a mesh.
  • the fiber implanting device outputs a plurality of continuous fibers at a time, and the plurality of fibers are cut once by the cutting mechanism according to the required length.
  • the fiber filaments in the step (2) may be replaced by a fiber cloth, a fiber bundle or a fiber mat to increase the speed of laying the fiber layer and increase the strength of the fiber layer, thereby increasing the strength of the entire molded article.
  • the fibers in the fiber layer are glass fibers, carbon fibers, nylon fibers, aramid fibers, spandex fibers or metal fibers.
  • a fiber implanting device for use in a construction method of the above selective laser sintering process, comprising: a base disposed on the slide rail; and a fiber conveyor coupled to the base, wherein the fiber conveyor includes a bracket and a traction rod set provided on the bracket, the end of the bracket is provided with a cutting mechanism for cutting the fiber filament; the traction roller group is composed of two traction rollers, and the continuous long filament yarn is composed of the two traction rollers Pass between.
  • a preferred embodiment of the fiber implanting device wherein the slide rail is a motion mechanism having four degrees of freedom, and the four degrees of freedom are linear motion and winding along the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis, respectively. The rotation of the Z axis.
  • the joint can be manually adjusted in angle, or the angle can be automatically adjusted by setting a motor.
  • the bracket is further provided with an auxiliary roller set
  • the auxiliary roller set is composed of two auxiliary rollers
  • the continuous fiber filament is composed of two traction rollers in the traction roller group and auxiliary Passing between two auxiliary rolls in the set of rolls; the traction rolls or/and the auxiliary rolls are provided with annular guide grooves for guiding and positioning the filaments.
  • the cutting mechanism comprises an upper seat, a lower seat and a cutter, wherein a gap is formed between the upper seat and the lower seat to allow the filament to pass through;
  • the cutter is disposed in the upper seat, and the blade edge faces the lower seat, and the cutter is connected with a drive mechanism for driving the up and down movement. Under the action of the driving mechanism, the cutter moves under the mountain to cut the filament.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the continuous long filaments are continuously outputted by the action of the traction roller set in the fiber conveyor, and are cut into desired lengths by a cutting mechanism, thereby ensuring Latheing long fiber filaments (ie, filaments having a large aspect ratio) on the underlying sintered powder material layer; and by the action of the sliding rails, the fiber conveyor can move on the underlying sintered powder material layer according to the required trajectory and the target position, thereby An orderly arrangement of a plurality of long filaments in the fiber layer can be achieved; the entire fiber implant device realizes the laying of the fiber layer in the implementation method of the selective laser sintering process of the present invention, for producing a selective laser sintering product with high strength Provides important technical support.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fiber implanting device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the internal structure of the fiber conveyor of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a partial structural view of the traction roller of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a partial structural view of the auxiliary roller of Figure 2.
  • Figure 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the fiber conveyor and base of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing an implementation method of a selective laser sintering process in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing an implementation process of a method for implementing the selective laser sintering process of Embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic view (cutted view) showing the order of arrangement of fibers in a sintered molded article in the embodiment of the selective laser sintering process of Example 1.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing an implementation method of a selective laser sintering process in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing an implementation process of a method of implementing the selective laser sintering process of Embodiment 2.
  • the fiber implanting device of the present invention is mainly composed of a base 1 provided on the slide rail 2 and a fiber conveyor 4 connected to the base 1, wherein
  • the slide rail 2 is a motion mechanism having four degrees of freedom, and the four degrees of freedom are linear motion along the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis, and rotation about the Z-axis, respectively.
  • these stepping motors are controlled by the control system, so that the base 1 connected to the slide rail 2 realizes movement in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions and rotation around the Z-axis;
  • the embodiment can be carried out by referring to the slide rail mechanism of the workbench in the numerical control machining center.
  • the fiber conveyor 4 is mainly composed of a bracket, a traction roller set, an auxiliary roller set and a cutting mechanism 7, wherein the bracket is a combination of an upper casing 4-1 and a lower casing 4-2.
  • the housing has a cavity formed therein, the traction roller set and the auxiliary roller set are disposed in the cavity, and the cutting mechanism 7 is disposed at one end of the housing.
  • the traction roller group is two groups, each group consists of two traction rollers 5 arranged in parallel, one of which is disposed on the upper casing 4-1 and the other is disposed on the lower casing 4-2.
  • the two traction rollers 5 form a traction roller group;
  • the auxiliary roller groups are three groups, each group consisting of two auxiliary rollers 6 arranged in parallel, one of which is disposed at The upper casing 4-1 is on the other, and the other is disposed on the lower casing 4-2.
  • the two auxiliary rollers 6 form an auxiliary roller group; when working, continuous fibers
  • the wire 8 enters from one end of the casing and sequentially passes between two of the three sets of auxiliary rolls 6 and between the two sets of traction rolls 5, and finally extends from the other end of the casing Out.
  • a driving device is connected to the traction roller 5 connected to the lower casing 4-2 in the rear traction roller group, and the driving device is a stepping motor 18, and is located in the front traction roller group.
  • the traction roller 5 connected to the lower casing 4-2 is connected to the above-described traction roller 5 to which the driving device is connected via a belt, so that both sets of the traction roller groups are powered.
  • the traction roller set functions to convey the fiber filament 8 clamped between the two traction rollers 5 forward by rotation, and in order to realize the conveyance of the fiber filament 8, for the traction roller 5 made of a hard material,
  • the gap between the two traction rolls 5 should be smaller than the diameter of the filaments 8, but the traction rolls 5 made of a hard material have the following disadvantages: if the diameter of the filaments 8 varies, then the two traction rolls 5 need to be re-adjusted, requiring
  • the traction roller 5 can be made of a material having elasticity, such as rubber, so that the gap between the two traction rollers 5 can be set to zero, and even the surfaces of the two traction rollers 5 are slightly squeezed.
  • the gap between the two auxiliary rollers 6 can be equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the filaments 8 so as not to create excessive resistance to the transport of the filaments 8.
  • the surfaces of the traction rolls 5 and the auxiliary rolls 6 are provided with circumferential guide grooves 5-1 and 6-1, respectively.
  • the guiding grooves 5-1 or 6-1 between the two traction rollers 5 or the two auxiliary rollers 6 are combined to form a guiding passage through which the filaments 8 pass; generally, the fiber conveyor 4 simultaneously conveys several
  • the root fiber 8 is at this time provided by a plurality of juxtaposed guide grooves 5-1 or 6-1, and each of the guide grooves 5-1 or 6-1 corresponds to one fiber filament 8, and the plurality of fiber filaments 8 are not Interference can occur and can be transported out in an orderly manner.
  • the stepping motor 18 on the traction roller 5 is connected to a control system, and by adjusting the rotational speed of the stepping motor 18, the conveying speed of the filament 8 can be adjusted.
  • the cutting mechanism 7 is disposed at one end of the output of the fiber 8 on the housing, including a blade holder, a cutter 7-4, and a driving mechanism, wherein the blade holder is connected to the upper casing 4
  • the upper seat 7-1 of the one end is combined with the lower seat 7-2 connected to the end of the lower casing 4-2, and a gap is formed between the upper seat 7-1 and the lower seat 7-2.
  • the filaments 8 pass through the gap.
  • the opposite faces of the upper seat 7-1 and the lower seat 7-2 are respectively provided with recesses 7-5 recessed inward, wherein the cutters 7-4 are arranged in the concave of the upper seats 7-1
  • the cutter 7-4 is composed of a cutter body 7-6 and a cutter head 7-7, and the blade portion of the cutter body 7-6 faces the recess 7-5 of the lower seat 7-2.
  • the middle portion of the upper seat 7-1 is provided with a through hole 7-3 extending upward to the top surface of the upper seat 7-1, and the cutter head 7-7 of the cutter 7-4 is extended from the through hole 7-3 The upper end of the seat 7-1.
  • the driving mechanism is composed of a tension spring 10 and a driving device, wherein the tension spring 7-10 is disposed between the top of the blade body 7-6 and the upper blade seat 7-1, and the tension spring 7-10 is normally pulled.
  • the cutter 7-4 is such that the cutting edge portion of the cutting blade 7-4 is located in the recess 7-5 of the upper seat 7-1; the driving device is used to drive the cutter 7-4 to move downward, the pair of filaments 8 is cut off, the driving device is composed of a driving motor 7-8 and a cam 7-9, wherein the cam 7-9 is in contact with the top surface of the cutting head 7-7 of the cutter 7-4, and the driving motor 7-8 and the control The system is connected. When working, the drive motor 7-8 drives the cam 7-9 to rotate.
  • the cutting edge of the cutter 7-4 is pushed downward to cut into the lower knife.
  • the groove 7-5 of the seat 7-2 thereby cutting the fiber 8 and then automatically cutting the knife 7-4 under the action of the tension spring 7-10.
  • the length of the cut filaments 8 can be controlled by controlling the frequency at which the cutter 7-4 cuts the filaments 8.
  • the bracket and the base 1 are connected by a rotary joint. Specifically, one end of the bracket is connected with the lower end of the base 1 through the rotating shaft 3 , so that the angle between the bracket and the base 1 can be adjusted.
  • the inclination angle of the bracket and the sintering working plane 9 can also be adjusted to meet the requirements of inserting the filament 8 into the sintered powder material layer at different inclination angles.
  • the adjustment of the angle between the bracket and the base 1 is manually implemented by a knob 16, and a scale is provided between the knob 16 and the surface of the base 1 so that the angle can be accurately adjusted.
  • the method for implementing the selective laser sintering process of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the working cylinder 11 is lowered by a certain distance, and the powder supply cylinder 12 is raised by a certain distance, and the single or multi-layer sintered powder material 14 is laid on the sintering working plane 9 by the powder spreading device 13 to form the bottom sintered powder material layer 14-1. ;
  • the slide rail 2 in the fiber implanting device moves the fiber conveyor 4 to the target position under the control of the control system; the fiber conveyor 4 simultaneously outputs a plurality of continuous long filaments 8 in parallel at the output fiber filament At the same time, the fiber conveyor 4 is retracted so that the output filaments 8 can be laid flat in the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1;
  • the cutting mechanism 7 in the fiber implanting device cuts the filament 8 according to the required length. Specifically, the control system cuts the fiber by controlling the cutter 7-4 in the cutting mechanism 7. The frequency of the wire 8 to control the length of the cut fiber 8;
  • the fiber implanting device repeats the above steps (2.1) and (2.2), and the fiber filaments 8 are sequentially laid on the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1 to finally form a fiber layer, specifically: a fiber conveyor. 4
  • the slide rail 2 drives the fiber conveyor 4 to translate to the next target position, and the fiber conveyor 4 outputs the plurality of filaments 8 to the bottom sintered powder material layer 14-1. And cutting, and thus circulating, finally, the bottom-sintered powder material layer 14-1 is covered with the parallel ordered fiber filaments 8 to form a fiber layer;
  • the bottom sintered powder material layer 14-1 and the top sintered powder material layer 14-2 are sintered by the laser beam 10 emitted from the laser device 19, and the laser beam 10 is irradiated only to the sintered powder material 14 and the molded member during sintering. 15 corresponding parts of the body, the remaining parts are not sintered, still powdery; after sintering, the fiber layer is wrapped in the bottom sintered powder material layer 14-1 and the top sintered powder material layer 14-2 to complete sintering of the sintered layer 20 jobs;
  • the filaments 8 in the molded part 15 are embedded in parallel in order, so that the molded part 15 obtains the highest mechanical properties in the direction in which the fibers are arranged, and the tensile strength in the direction of the fiber arrangement and The tensile modulus is the largest.
  • the fiber material in the fiber layer may be glass fiber, carbon fiber, nylon fiber, aramid fiber, spandex fiber, metal fiber or the like.
  • the fiber implanting devices used are two sets, and the fiber conveyors 4 of the two sets of fiber implanting devices are disposed obliquely opposite each other, and the fiber filaments 8 outputted by the two are crossed each other.
  • an angle adjusting motor 17 is provided at a joint joint between the bracket in the fiber conveyor 4 and the base 1, and the angle adjusting motor 17 is a stepping motor controlled by a control system, thereby realizing Automatic adjustment of the tilt angle of the bracket.
  • Other embodiments of the fiber implant device of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the implementation method of the selective laser sintering process of the present embodiment is realized by using the above two sets of fiber implantation devices, which is different from the implementation method of Embodiment 1 in that:
  • the two fiber conveyors 4 are fixed at one position while the plurality of continuous long filaments 8 are output in parallel, and one end of the fiber filaments 8 outputted from both is inserted into the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1. The other end protrudes beyond the underlying layer of sintered powder material 14-1, and the filaments 8 output from the two fiber conveyors 4 cross each other.
  • a fiber layer which is laid across the mesh is formed on the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1, and one end of the fiber layer is inserted into the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1, and the other end is extended to the bottom layer.
  • the powdered material layer 14-1 is sintered.
  • the filaments 8 in the molded part 15 are interdigitated into a mesh shape and are embedded in the body in an orderly manner.
  • the embodiment 2 makes the molded part 15 more Good overall performance, that is, the mechanical properties in different directions are relatively balanced.
  • This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in the practice of the selective laser sintering process, the fiber bundle 8 in the step (2) is replaced with a fiber bundle.
  • This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in the practice of the selective laser sintering process, the fiber filaments 8 in the step (2) are replaced with a fiber cloth or a fiber mat.
  • the present embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that in the implementation method of the selective laser sintering process, the fiber layer is composed of a fiber cloth which is not implanted by a fiber implant device, but is manually or Other equipment is laid in the underlying layer of sintered powder material 14-1.

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Abstract

An implementation method of a selective laser sintering process, and a fiber implanting apparatus. The implementation method is as follows: during sintering, implanting, in the sintered power, a fiber layer formed by large-aspect-ratio and sequentially arranged fibers, the fiber layer being wrapped in the sintered formed part after the sintering. Specifically, the fiber layer can be formed by sequentially arranging, with the fiber implanting apparatus, fiber wires (8) or fiber beams in a sintered powder layer (14), or is formed by laying a fiber cloth or fiber mat. In the implementation method, the fiber layer formed by large-aspect-ratio and sequentially arranged fibers is implanted in each sintered layer, and compared with the prior art where short and out-of-order fibers are mixed in the sintered powder, the present invention is greatly improved in the aspect ratio of the fiber, and the fibers are sequentially arranged, thereby greatly improving the strength of the formed part, so that the formed part can be used under the higher strength requirement.

Description

一种选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法以及纤维植入装置 Method for implementing selective laser sintering process and fiber implanting device
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法及该方法中应用到的设备，具体涉及一种选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法以及纤维植入装置。 The invention relates to a method for implementing a selective laser sintering process and an apparatus applied thereto, and in particular to a method for implementing a selective laser sintering process and a fiber implanting device.
背景技术Background technique
　　　选择性激光烧结（Selective Laser Sintering，简称SLS）是目前一种被广泛应用的快速成型技术，其成型工艺原理是：首先建立目标零件的计算机三维模型，然后用分层软件将三维模型进行切片处理，得到每一个加工层面的数据信息，在计算机控制下，根据切片层面信息，利用激光束对可热熔的粉末材料逐层扫描烧结，完成目标加工的制造。该技术的优势在于不受零件形状复杂程度的限制，不需要任何的工装模具，速度快，效率高，能够实现自由形状实体的自动化制造，正在受到越来越广泛的重视。Selective Laser Sintering Sintering (SLS) is a widely used rapid prototyping technology. The principle of the forming process is to first establish a computer 3D model of the target part, and then slice the 3D model with layered software to obtain each processing level. According to the data information, according to the slice level information, the hot meltable powder material is scanned and sintered layer by layer by laser beam to complete the target processing. The advantage of this technology is that it is not limited by the complexity of the shape of the part, does not require any tooling die, is fast, efficient, and can realize the automated manufacturing of free-form entities, and is receiving more and more attention.
　　　目前SLS技术所采用的原料为粉末材料，其种类包括：高分子粉末材料、高分子与无机物复合粉末材料、高分子与金属复合粉末材料、陶瓷粉末材料和金属粉末材料。粉末材料经过激光烧结之后，其成型件的强度较低，导致其强度不高的主要原因是其质地疏松、密度较低。虽然在粉末材料中混合玻璃纤维、玻璃微珠、矿物纤维、碳纤维等增强材料可以提高成型件的强度，但这些增强材料在粉末材料中的排列是杂乱无序的，而且增强材料在成型产品中的长径比比较低，导致最终成型件的强度特别是冲击强度仍然较低，达不到成型件机械性能测试要求或者作为最终产品直接使用的性能要求。At present, the raw materials used in SLS technology are powder materials, and the types thereof include: polymer powder materials, polymer and inorganic composite powder materials, polymer and metal composite powder materials, ceramic powder materials and metal powder materials. After the laser material is sintered by laser, the strength of the molded part is low, and the main reason for its low strength is that the texture is loose and the density is low. Although the reinforcing materials such as glass fiber, glass microbeads, mineral fibers, and carbon fibers are mixed in the powder material to improve the strength of the molded article, the arrangement of the reinforcing materials in the powder material is disordered, and the reinforcing material is in the molded product. The aspect ratio is relatively low, resulting in the strength of the final molded part, especially the impact strength, which is still low, which does not meet the mechanical performance test requirements of the molded part or the performance requirement for direct use of the final product.
发明内容Summary of the invention
　　　本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，该实施方法可将连续长纤维有序地植入到选择性激光烧结产品中，从而大大提高成型件的强度。The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a method for implementing a selective laser sintering process, which can sequentially implant continuous filaments into a selective laser sintering product, thereby greatly improving the molded parts. Strength of.
　　　本发明的目的还在于提供一种上述选择性激光烧结工艺的施工方法中所使用的纤维植入装置。It is still another object of the present invention to provide a fiber implanting device used in the construction method of the above selective laser sintering process.
　　　本发明实现上述目的的技术方案为：The technical solution of the present invention to achieve the above object is:
　　　一种选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，其特征在于，烧结时，在烧结粉末中植入由高长径比且有序排列的纤维构成的纤维层，烧结后 ，所述纤维层被包裹在烧结成型件中。A method for performing a selective laser sintering process, characterized in that, during sintering, a fiber layer composed of fibers having a high aspect ratio and an ordered arrangement is implanted in the sintered powder, after sintering The fibrous layer is wrapped in a sintered molded part.
　　　上述实施方法的一个优选方案，包括以下步骤：A preferred embodiment of the above implementation method includes the following steps:
　　　（1）铺粉装置在烧结工作平面上铺覆底层烧结粉末材料层；(1) the powder spreading device lays a layer of the underlying sintered powder material on the sintering work plane;
　　　（2）利用纤维植入装置在底层烧结粉末材料层上铺设纤维层，铺设过程为：(2) laying a fiber layer on the underlying sintered powder material layer by using a fiber implant device, the laying process is:
　　　（2.1）纤维植入装置将连续的长纤维丝输出，该输出的纤维丝铺设到底层烧结粉末材料层中；(2.1) The fiber implanting device outputs continuous filaments, and the output filaments are laid into the layer of the underlying sintered powder material;
　　　（2.2）纤维植入装置中设置的切断机构根据所需的长度将纤维丝切断；(2.2) The cutting mechanism provided in the fiber implanting device cuts the filament according to the required length;
　　　（2.3）纤维植入装置不断重复上述步骤（2.1）和步骤（2.2），将纤维丝有序地铺设在底层烧结粉末材料层上，最终形成纤维层；(2.3) The fiber implanting device repeats the above steps (2.1) and (2.2) continuously, laying the fiber filaments on the underlying sintered powder material layer in an orderly manner, and finally forming a fiber layer;
　　　（3）铺粉装置在底层烧结粉末材料层上铺覆顶层烧结粉末材料层；(3) the powder spreading device lays a layer of the top sintered powder material on the bottom layer of the sintered powder material;
　　　（4）利用激光装置发出的激光束对上述底层烧结粉末材料层和顶层烧结粉末材料层进行烧结，烧结后，纤维层被包裹在底层烧结粉末材料层和顶层烧结粉末材料层中，完成一个烧结层的烧结工作；(4) sintering the bottom sintered powder material layer and the top sintered powder material layer by using a laser beam emitted from a laser device, and after sintering, the fiber layer is wrapped in the underlying sintered powder material layer and the top sintered powder material layer to complete a sintering. Sintering of the layer;
　　　（5）不断重复上述步骤（1）～（4），直至所有的烧结层均完成烧结，最终获得成型件。(5) The above steps (1) to (4) are continuously repeated until all of the sintered layers are sintered, and finally a molded article is obtained.
　　　上述优选方案中，在步骤（2.1）中，输出的纤维丝平铺在底层烧结粉末材料层上。In the above preferred embodiment, in step (2.1), the output fiber filaments are laid flat on the underlying sintered powder material layer.
　　　上述优选方案中，在步骤（2.1）中，输出的纤维丝的一头竖直或倾斜地***到底层烧结粉末材料层；在步骤（2.2）中，纤维被切断后，该纤维的另一头伸出底层烧结粉末材料层。In the above preferred embodiment, in step (2.1), one end of the output fiber filament is inserted vertically or obliquely into the underlying layer of sintered powder material; in step (2.2), after the fiber is cut, the other end of the fiber is extended The bottom layer is a layer of sintered powder material.
　　　上述优选方案中，在步骤（2.3）中，多根纤维相互平行铺设，或者相互交叉铺设形成网状。In the above preferred embodiment, in the step (2.3), the plurality of fibers are laid in parallel with each other or are laid across each other to form a mesh.
　　　上述优选方案中，在步骤（2.1）和步骤（2.2）中，纤维植入装置一次输出多根连续纤维，并由切断机构根据所需的长度将多根纤维一次切断。In the above preferred embodiment, in the step (2.1) and the step (2.2), the fiber implanting device outputs a plurality of continuous fibers at a time, and the plurality of fibers are cut once by the cutting mechanism according to the required length.
　　　上述优选方案中，也可用纤维布、纤维束或纤维毡替代步骤（2）中的纤维丝，以便提高铺设纤维层的速度，并提高纤维层的强度，进而提高整个成型件的强度。In the above preferred embodiment, the fiber filaments in the step (2) may be replaced by a fiber cloth, a fiber bundle or a fiber mat to increase the speed of laying the fiber layer and increase the strength of the fiber layer, thereby increasing the strength of the entire molded article.
　　　本发明的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，其中，所述纤维层中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、尼龙纤维、芳纶纤维、氨纶纤维或金属纤维等。In the method for implementing the selective laser sintering process of the present invention, the fibers in the fiber layer are glass fibers, carbon fibers, nylon fibers, aramid fibers, spandex fibers or metal fibers.
　　　一种上述选择性激光烧结工艺的施工方法中所使用的纤维植入装置，其特征在于，包括设在滑轨上的基座以及连接在基座上的纤维输送器，其中，纤维输送器包括支架以及设在支架上的牵引棍组，所述支架的端部设有用于切断纤维丝的切断机构；所述牵引辊组由两根牵引辊组成，连续的长纤维丝由该两根牵引辊之间穿过。A fiber implanting device for use in a construction method of the above selective laser sintering process, comprising: a base disposed on the slide rail; and a fiber conveyor coupled to the base, wherein the fiber conveyor includes a bracket and a traction rod set provided on the bracket, the end of the bracket is provided with a cutting mechanism for cutting the fiber filament; the traction roller group is composed of two traction rollers, and the continuous long filament yarn is composed of the two traction rollers Pass between.
　　　上述纤维植入装置的一个优选方案，其中，所述的滑轨为具有四个自由度的运动机构，所述四个自由度分别为沿X轴、Y轴以及Z轴方向的直线运动以及绕Z轴的转动。A preferred embodiment of the fiber implanting device, wherein the slide rail is a motion mechanism having four degrees of freedom, and the four degrees of freedom are linear motion and winding along the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis, respectively. The rotation of the Z axis.
　　　上述纤维植入装置的一个优选方案，其中，所述支架与基座通过转动关节连接。具体地，该关节可以手动调节角度，也可以通过设置电机来自动调节角度。A preferred embodiment of the fiber implant device described above, wherein the stent is coupled to the base by a rotational joint. Specifically, the joint can be manually adjusted in angle, or the angle can be automatically adjusted by setting a motor.
　　　上述纤维植入装置的一个优选方案，其中，所述的支架上还设有辅助辊组，该辅助辊组由两根辅助辊组成，连续的纤维丝由牵引辊组中的两牵引辊以及辅助辊组中的两辅助辊之间穿过；所述牵引辊或/和辅助辊上设有用于引导和定位纤维丝的环形的导向槽。A preferred embodiment of the fiber implanting device, wherein the bracket is further provided with an auxiliary roller set, the auxiliary roller set is composed of two auxiliary rollers, and the continuous fiber filament is composed of two traction rollers in the traction roller group and auxiliary Passing between two auxiliary rolls in the set of rolls; the traction rolls or/and the auxiliary rolls are provided with annular guide grooves for guiding and positioning the filaments.
　　　上述纤维植入装置的一个优选方案，其中，所述的切断机构包括上刀座、下刀座以及切刀，其中，上刀座和下刀座之间形成有让纤维丝穿过的间隙； 所述切刀设置在上刀座内，其刀刃朝向下刀座，该切刀上连接有驱动其作上下运动的驱动机构。在驱动机构作用下，切刀山下运动，从而将纤维丝切断。A preferred embodiment of the fiber implanting device, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises an upper seat, a lower seat and a cutter, wherein a gap is formed between the upper seat and the lower seat to allow the filament to pass through; The cutter is disposed in the upper seat, and the blade edge faces the lower seat, and the cutter is connected with a drive mechanism for driving the up and down movement. Under the action of the driving mechanism, the cutter moves under the mountain to cut the filament.
　　　本发明与现有技术相比具有以下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
　　　1、本发明的实施方法中，由于在每一烧结层中植入了由高长径比且有序排列的纤维构成的纤维层，与现有技术中在烧结粉末中混杂短小无序的纤维相比，本发明的烧结层中的纤维长径比大大提高，且有序排列，从而大大提高了成型件的强度，使之能够符合更高的强度使用要求。1. In the method of the present invention, since a fiber layer composed of fibers having a high aspect ratio and an ordered arrangement is implanted in each sintered layer, a fiber having a short disorder in the sintered powder is mixed with the prior art. In comparison, the aspect ratio of the fibers in the sintered layer of the present invention is greatly improved and ordered, thereby greatly increasing the strength of the molded article and making it conform to higher strength use requirements.
　　　2、本发明的纤维植入装置中，通过纤维输送器中的牵引辊组的作用，使得连续的长纤维丝得以连续地输出，并通过切断机构将其切断成需要的长度，从而确保了可在底层烧结粉末材料层上铺设长纤维丝（即长径比大的纤维丝）；并且通过滑轨的作用，纤维输送器可以在底层烧结粉末材料层上按需要的轨迹及目标位置移动，从而可实现纤维层中多根长纤维丝的有序排列；整个纤维植入装置实现了本发明的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法中纤维层的铺设，为生产具有高强度的选择性激光烧结产品提供了重要的技术支持。2. In the fiber implanting device of the present invention, the continuous long filaments are continuously outputted by the action of the traction roller set in the fiber conveyor, and are cut into desired lengths by a cutting mechanism, thereby ensuring Latheing long fiber filaments (ie, filaments having a large aspect ratio) on the underlying sintered powder material layer; and by the action of the sliding rails, the fiber conveyor can move on the underlying sintered powder material layer according to the required trajectory and the target position, thereby An orderly arrangement of a plurality of long filaments in the fiber layer can be achieved; the entire fiber implant device realizes the laying of the fiber layer in the implementation method of the selective laser sintering process of the present invention, for producing a selective laser sintering product with high strength Provides important technical support.
附图说明DRAWINGS
　　　图1为本发明的实施例1中纤维植入装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fiber implanting device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
　　　图2为图1中的纤维输送器内部结构的结构示意图。2 is a schematic structural view of the internal structure of the fiber conveyor of FIG. 1.
　　　图3为图2中牵引辊的局部结构示意图。Figure 3 is a partial structural view of the traction roller of Figure 2.
　　　图4为图2中辅助辊的局部结构示意图。Figure 4 is a partial structural view of the auxiliary roller of Figure 2.
　　　图5为图1中纤维输送器和基座的横向剖视图。Figure 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the fiber conveyor and base of Figure 1.
　　　图6为图5的A-A剖视图。Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 5;
　　　图7为图6的B-B剖视图。Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 6;
　　　图8为本发明的实施例1中选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法的原理图。Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing an implementation method of a selective laser sintering process in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
　　　图9为实施例1的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法的实施过程示意图。9 is a schematic view showing an implementation process of a method for implementing the selective laser sintering process of Embodiment 1.
　　　图10为实施例1的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法中纤维在烧结成型件中的有序排列示意图（切面图）。Fig. 10 is a schematic view (cutted view) showing the order of arrangement of fibers in a sintered molded article in the embodiment of the selective laser sintering process of Example 1.
　　　图11为本发明的实施例2中选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法的原理图。Figure 11 is a schematic view showing an implementation method of a selective laser sintering process in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
　　　图12为实施例2的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法的实施过程示意图。12 is a schematic view showing an implementation process of a method of implementing the selective laser sintering process of Embodiment 2.
具体实施方式detailed description
　　　实施例1Example 1
　　　参见图1，本发明的纤维植入装置主要由设在滑轨2上的基座1以及连接在基座1上的纤维输送器4构成，其中，Referring to Figure 1, the fiber implanting device of the present invention is mainly composed of a base 1 provided on the slide rail 2 and a fiber conveyor 4 connected to the base 1, wherein
　　　参见图1，所述的滑轨2为具有四个自由度的运动机构，该四个自由度分别为沿X轴、Y轴以及Z轴方向的直线运动以及绕Z轴的转动，各个运动由单独的一个步进电机驱动，这些步进电机由控制***控制，使得与该滑轨2连接的基座1实现了在X轴、Y轴以及Z轴方向的移动以及绕Z轴的转动；具体实施方式可参照数控加工中心中工作台的滑轨机构来进行。Referring to FIG. 1, the slide rail 2 is a motion mechanism having four degrees of freedom, and the four degrees of freedom are linear motion along the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis, and rotation about the Z-axis, respectively. Separate one stepping motor drive, these stepping motors are controlled by the control system, so that the base 1 connected to the slide rail 2 realizes movement in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions and rotation around the Z-axis; The embodiment can be carried out by referring to the slide rail mechanism of the workbench in the numerical control machining center.
　　　参见图1～7，所述纤维输送器4主要由支架、牵引辊组、辅助辊组以及切断机构7组成，其中，支架为由上壳体4-1和下壳体4-2组合而成的壳体，内部形成腔体，所述牵引辊组和辅助辊组设置于腔体内，所述切断机构7设置于壳体的一端。所述牵引辊组为两组，每一组由两根平行设置的牵引辊5组成，其中一根设在上壳体4-1上，另一根设在下壳体4-2上，上壳体4-1和下壳体4-2组合时两牵引辊5形成牵引辊组；所述辅助辊组为三组，每一组由两根平行设置的辅助辊6组成，其中一根设在上壳体4-1上，另一根设在下壳体4-2上，上壳体4-1和下壳体4-2组合时两辅助辊6形成辅助辊组；工作时，连续的纤维丝8从壳体的一头进入，并依次从三组辅助辊组中的两辅助辊6之间以及两组牵引辊组中的两牵引辊5之间穿过，最终从壳体的另一头伸出。所述两牵引辊组中，位于后方的牵引辊组中与下壳体4-2连接的牵引辊5上连接有驱动装置，该驱动装置为步进电机18，而位于前方的牵引滚组中与下壳体4-2连接的牵引辊5则通过皮带与上述连接有驱动装置的牵引辊5连接，使得两组牵引辊组均有动力驱动。所述牵引辊组的作用在于，通过转动将夹紧在两牵引辊5之间的纤维丝8向前输送，为了实现对纤维丝8的输送，对于由硬质材料制成的牵引辊5，两牵引辊5之间的间隙应小于纤维丝8的直径，但是采用硬质材料制作的牵引辊5存在以下不足：如果纤维丝8的直径变化，那么两牵引辊5之间需要重新调整，需要设置间隙调整机构；为了解决该问题，牵引辊5可采用具有弹性的材料制成，例如橡胶，这样两牵引辊5之间的间隙可设置为零，甚至两牵引辊5表面产生轻微的相互挤压变形，这样各种不同直径的纤维丝8从其中穿过，两牵引辊5均能有效地将该纤维丝8夹紧，而无需调整间隙；所述辅助辊组上没有设置驱动装置，用于对纤维丝8的输送起辅助的定位和导向作用，两辅助辊6之间的间隙可以等于或略大于纤维丝8的直径，以便不对纤维丝8的输送产生过大的阻力。参见图,3和图4，为了对纤维丝8的输送提供更好的定位和导向效果，所述牵引辊5和辅助辊6的表面分别设有环向的导向槽5-1和6-1，两牵引辊5或两辅助辊6之间的导向槽5-1或6-1组合在一起形成导向通道，纤维丝8由该导向通道中穿过；通常，纤维输送器4会同时输送若干根纤维丝8，此时通过设置多个并列的导向槽5-1或6-1，每一导向槽5-1或6-1对应一根纤维丝8，多根纤维丝8之间便不会发生干涉，可有序地向外输送。所述牵引辊5上的步进电机18与控制***连接，通过调节该步进电机18的转速，可调节纤维丝8的输送速度。Referring to Figures 1-7, the fiber conveyor 4 is mainly composed of a bracket, a traction roller set, an auxiliary roller set and a cutting mechanism 7, wherein the bracket is a combination of an upper casing 4-1 and a lower casing 4-2. The housing has a cavity formed therein, the traction roller set and the auxiliary roller set are disposed in the cavity, and the cutting mechanism 7 is disposed at one end of the housing. The traction roller group is two groups, each group consists of two traction rollers 5 arranged in parallel, one of which is disposed on the upper casing 4-1 and the other is disposed on the lower casing 4-2. When the body 4-1 and the lower casing 4-2 are combined, the two traction rollers 5 form a traction roller group; the auxiliary roller groups are three groups, each group consisting of two auxiliary rollers 6 arranged in parallel, one of which is disposed at The upper casing 4-1 is on the other, and the other is disposed on the lower casing 4-2. When the upper casing 4-1 and the lower casing 4-2 are combined, the two auxiliary rollers 6 form an auxiliary roller group; when working, continuous fibers The wire 8 enters from one end of the casing and sequentially passes between two of the three sets of auxiliary rolls 6 and between the two sets of traction rolls 5, and finally extends from the other end of the casing Out. Among the two traction roller groups, a driving device is connected to the traction roller 5 connected to the lower casing 4-2 in the rear traction roller group, and the driving device is a stepping motor 18, and is located in the front traction roller group. The traction roller 5 connected to the lower casing 4-2 is connected to the above-described traction roller 5 to which the driving device is connected via a belt, so that both sets of the traction roller groups are powered. The traction roller set functions to convey the fiber filament 8 clamped between the two traction rollers 5 forward by rotation, and in order to realize the conveyance of the fiber filament 8, for the traction roller 5 made of a hard material, The gap between the two traction rolls 5 should be smaller than the diameter of the filaments 8, but the traction rolls 5 made of a hard material have the following disadvantages: if the diameter of the filaments 8 varies, then the two traction rolls 5 need to be re-adjusted, requiring In order to solve the problem, the traction roller 5 can be made of a material having elasticity, such as rubber, so that the gap between the two traction rollers 5 can be set to zero, and even the surfaces of the two traction rollers 5 are slightly squeezed. Compressive deformation, such that various filaments 8 of different diameters pass therethrough, both of which can effectively clamp the filament 8 without adjusting the gap; no auxiliary device is provided on the auxiliary roller set. In order to assist in the positioning and guiding of the transport of the filaments 8, the gap between the two auxiliary rollers 6 can be equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the filaments 8 so as not to create excessive resistance to the transport of the filaments 8. Referring to Figures 3 and 4, in order to provide better positioning and guiding effects for the transport of the filaments 8, the surfaces of the traction rolls 5 and the auxiliary rolls 6 are provided with circumferential guide grooves 5-1 and 6-1, respectively. The guiding grooves 5-1 or 6-1 between the two traction rollers 5 or the two auxiliary rollers 6 are combined to form a guiding passage through which the filaments 8 pass; generally, the fiber conveyor 4 simultaneously conveys several The root fiber 8 is at this time provided by a plurality of juxtaposed guide grooves 5-1 or 6-1, and each of the guide grooves 5-1 or 6-1 corresponds to one fiber filament 8, and the plurality of fiber filaments 8 are not Interference can occur and can be transported out in an orderly manner. The stepping motor 18 on the traction roller 5 is connected to a control system, and by adjusting the rotational speed of the stepping motor 18, the conveying speed of the filament 8 can be adjusted.
　　　参见图5～图7，，所述切断机构7设置在壳体上纤维丝8输出的一端，包括刀座、切刀7-4以及驱动机构，其中，刀座由连接在上壳体4-1端部的上刀座7-1和连接在下壳体4-2端部的下刀座7-2组合而成，上刀座7-1与下刀座7-2之间形成有间隙，纤维丝8由该间隙中穿过。上刀座7-1与下刀座7-2的相对面上分别设有向里凹陷的凹槽7-5，其中，所述的切刀7-4设置在上刀座7-1的凹槽7-5内，该切刀7-4由刀体7-6和刀头7-7两部分构成，刀体7-6的刀刃部朝向下刀座7-2的凹槽7-5，上刀座7-1的中部设有向上延伸至上刀座7-1顶面的通孔7-3，切刀7-4的刀头7-7由该通孔7-3中伸出上刀座7-1的上端面。所述的驱动机构由拉力弹簧10以及驱动装置组成，其中，拉力弹簧7-10设在刀体7-6的顶部与上刀座7-1之间，常态下该拉力弹簧7-10拉住切刀7-4，使该切刀7-4的刀刃部位于上刀座7-1的凹槽7-5内；所述驱动装置用于驱动切刀7-4向下运动，对纤维丝8进行切断，该驱动装置由驱动电机7-8和凸轮7-9组成，其中，凸轮7-9与切刀7-4的刀头7-7的顶面相接触，驱动电机7-8与控制***连接，工作时，驱动电机7-8带动凸轮7-9转动，凸轮7-9的最高点与刀头7-7顶面接触时，切刀7-4的刀刃被推动向下切入下刀座7-2的凹槽7-5，从而将纤维丝8切断，随后在拉力弹簧7-10作用下切刀7-4自动复位。在纤维输送器4输送纤维丝8的速度确定的情况下，控制切刀7-4切割纤维丝8的频率便可控制被切断纤维丝8的长度。Referring to Figures 5-7, the cutting mechanism 7 is disposed at one end of the output of the fiber 8 on the housing, including a blade holder, a cutter 7-4, and a driving mechanism, wherein the blade holder is connected to the upper casing 4 The upper seat 7-1 of the one end is combined with the lower seat 7-2 connected to the end of the lower casing 4-2, and a gap is formed between the upper seat 7-1 and the lower seat 7-2. The filaments 8 pass through the gap. The opposite faces of the upper seat 7-1 and the lower seat 7-2 are respectively provided with recesses 7-5 recessed inward, wherein the cutters 7-4 are arranged in the concave of the upper seats 7-1 In the groove 7-5, the cutter 7-4 is composed of a cutter body 7-6 and a cutter head 7-7, and the blade portion of the cutter body 7-6 faces the recess 7-5 of the lower seat 7-2. The middle portion of the upper seat 7-1 is provided with a through hole 7-3 extending upward to the top surface of the upper seat 7-1, and the cutter head 7-7 of the cutter 7-4 is extended from the through hole 7-3 The upper end of the seat 7-1. The driving mechanism is composed of a tension spring 10 and a driving device, wherein the tension spring 7-10 is disposed between the top of the blade body 7-6 and the upper blade seat 7-1, and the tension spring 7-10 is normally pulled. The cutter 7-4 is such that the cutting edge portion of the cutting blade 7-4 is located in the recess 7-5 of the upper seat 7-1; the driving device is used to drive the cutter 7-4 to move downward, the pair of filaments 8 is cut off, the driving device is composed of a driving motor 7-8 and a cam 7-9, wherein the cam 7-9 is in contact with the top surface of the cutting head 7-7 of the cutter 7-4, and the driving motor 7-8 and the control The system is connected. When working, the drive motor 7-8 drives the cam 7-9 to rotate. When the highest point of the cam 7-9 is in contact with the top surface of the cutter head 7-7, the cutting edge of the cutter 7-4 is pushed downward to cut into the lower knife. The groove 7-5 of the seat 7-2, thereby cutting the fiber 8 and then automatically cutting the knife 7-4 under the action of the tension spring 7-10. In the case where the speed at which the fiber feeder 4 transports the filaments 8 is determined, the length of the cut filaments 8 can be controlled by controlling the frequency at which the cutter 7-4 cuts the filaments 8.
　　　参见图1、图2和图5，支架与基座1通过转动关节连接，具体地，支架的一端与基座1的下端通过转轴3连接，使得支架与基座1之间的角度可调整，亦即可调整支架与烧结工作平面9的倾斜角度，从而满足按不同的倾斜角度将纤维丝8***烧结粉末材料层的工艺要求。本实施例中，支架与基座1之间的角度的调节通过一旋钮16手动实现，该旋钮16与基座1面之间设有刻度，以便能准确调整角度。Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 , the bracket and the base 1 are connected by a rotary joint. Specifically, one end of the bracket is connected with the lower end of the base 1 through the rotating shaft 3 , so that the angle between the bracket and the base 1 can be adjusted. The inclination angle of the bracket and the sintering working plane 9 can also be adjusted to meet the requirements of inserting the filament 8 into the sintered powder material layer at different inclination angles. In this embodiment, the adjustment of the angle between the bracket and the base 1 is manually implemented by a knob 16, and a scale is provided between the knob 16 and the surface of the base 1 so that the angle can be accurately adjusted.
　　　参见图8、图9和图10，本发明的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，包括以下步骤：Referring to Figures 8, 9, and 10, the method for implementing the selective laser sintering process of the present invention comprises the following steps:
　　　（1）工作缸11下降一定距离，供粉缸12上升一定距离，由铺粉装置13在烧结工作平面9上铺覆单层或多层烧结粉末材料14，形成底层烧结粉末材料层14-1；(1) The working cylinder 11 is lowered by a certain distance, and the powder supply cylinder 12 is raised by a certain distance, and the single or multi-layer sintered powder material 14 is laid on the sintering working plane 9 by the powder spreading device 13 to form the bottom sintered powder material layer 14-1. ;
　　　（2）利用纤维植入装置在底层烧结粉末材料层14-1上铺设纤维层，铺设过程为：(2) laying a fiber layer on the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1 by using a fiber implanting device, the laying process is:
　　　（2.1）纤维植入装置中的滑轨2在控制***的控制下，将纤维输送器4移动到目标位置；纤维输送器4同时将多根连续的长纤维丝8平行输出，在输出纤维丝8的同时纤维输送器4向后退，使得这些输出的纤维丝8能够平铺在底层烧结粉末材料层14-1中；(2.1) The slide rail 2 in the fiber implanting device moves the fiber conveyor 4 to the target position under the control of the control system; the fiber conveyor 4 simultaneously outputs a plurality of continuous long filaments 8 in parallel at the output fiber filament At the same time, the fiber conveyor 4 is retracted so that the output filaments 8 can be laid flat in the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1;
　　　（2.2）在控制***的控制下，纤维植入装置中的切断机构7根据所需的长度将纤维丝8切断，具体地，控制***通过控制切断机构7中的控制切刀7-4切割纤维丝8的频率来控制被切断的纤维丝8的长度；(2.2) Under the control of the control system, the cutting mechanism 7 in the fiber implanting device cuts the filament 8 according to the required length. Specifically, the control system cuts the fiber by controlling the cutter 7-4 in the cutting mechanism 7. The frequency of the wire 8 to control the length of the cut fiber 8;
　　　（2.3）纤维植入装置不断重复上述步骤（2.1）和步骤（2.2），将纤维丝8有序地铺设在底层烧结粉末材料层14-1上，最终形成纤维层，具体为：纤维输送器4完成一次纤维丝8的输送和切断后，滑轨2带动纤维输送器4平移到下一个目标位置，纤维输送器4再将多根纤维丝8输出平铺到底层烧结粉末材料层14-1并切断，如此循环，最终在底层烧结粉末材料层14-1中布满平行有序排列的纤维丝8，形成纤维层；(2.3) The fiber implanting device repeats the above steps (2.1) and (2.2), and the fiber filaments 8 are sequentially laid on the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1 to finally form a fiber layer, specifically: a fiber conveyor. 4 After the delivery and cutting of the fiber filament 8 is completed, the slide rail 2 drives the fiber conveyor 4 to translate to the next target position, and the fiber conveyor 4 outputs the plurality of filaments 8 to the bottom sintered powder material layer 14-1. And cutting, and thus circulating, finally, the bottom-sintered powder material layer 14-1 is covered with the parallel ordered fiber filaments 8 to form a fiber layer;
　　　（3）工作缸11再下降一定距离，供粉缸12上升一定距离，由铺粉装置13在底层烧结粉末材料层14-1上铺覆单层或多层烧结粉末材料14，形成覆盖纤维层的顶层烧结粉末材料层14-2；(3) The working cylinder 11 is further lowered by a certain distance, and the powder supply cylinder 12 is raised by a certain distance, and the single-layer or multi-layer sintered powder material 14 is laid on the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1 by the powder spreading device 13 to form a covering fiber layer. a top layer of sintered powder material 14-2;
　　　（4）利用激光装置19发出的激光束10对上述底层烧结粉末材料层14-1和顶层烧结粉末材料层14-2进行烧结，烧结时，激光束10只照射烧结粉末材料14中与成型件15本体对应的部位，其余部位不烧结，仍然为粉末状；烧结后，纤维层被包裹在底层烧结粉末材料层14-1和顶层烧结粉末材料层14-2中，完成一个烧结层20的烧结工作；(4) The bottom sintered powder material layer 14-1 and the top sintered powder material layer 14-2 are sintered by the laser beam 10 emitted from the laser device 19, and the laser beam 10 is irradiated only to the sintered powder material 14 and the molded member during sintering. 15 corresponding parts of the body, the remaining parts are not sintered, still powdery; after sintering, the fiber layer is wrapped in the bottom sintered powder material layer 14-1 and the top sintered powder material layer 14-2 to complete sintering of the sintered layer 20 jobs;
　　　（5）不断重复上述步骤（1）～（4），该过程中，由计算机程序根据指令判断成型件15的所有烧结层20是否均完成烧结，如是，则完成成型件15的烧结工作，如否，则重复执行，直至成型件15的烧结工作完成。(5) The above steps (1) to (4) are continuously repeated, in which, by the computer program, it is judged according to the instruction whether or not all the sintered layers 20 of the molded article 15 are sintered, and if so, the sintering of the molded member 15 is completed, such as Otherwise, the execution is repeated until the sintering work of the molded part 15 is completed.
　　　本实施例中，所述成型件15中的纤维丝8平行有序地嵌设在其体内，使得该成型件15在纤维的排列方向上获得最高的力学性能，纤维排列方向上拉伸强度和拉伸模量最大。In this embodiment, the filaments 8 in the molded part 15 are embedded in parallel in order, so that the molded part 15 obtains the highest mechanical properties in the direction in which the fibers are arranged, and the tensile strength in the direction of the fiber arrangement and The tensile modulus is the largest.
　　　本实施例中，所述纤维层中纤维的材质可以是玻璃纤维、碳纤维、尼龙纤维、芳纶纤维、氨纶纤维和金属纤维等。In this embodiment, the fiber material in the fiber layer may be glass fiber, carbon fiber, nylon fiber, aramid fiber, spandex fiber, metal fiber or the like.
　　　实施例2Example 2
　　　参见图9，本实施例中，所使用的纤维植入装置为两套，这两套纤维植入装置中的纤维输送器4倾斜相对设置，两者输出的纤维丝8相互交叉。该两纤维植入装置中，纤维输送器4中的支架与基座1之间的连接关节处设有角度调整电机17，该角度调整电机17为由控制***控制的步进电机，从而实现对支架的倾斜角度的自动调整。本实施例的纤维植入装置的其他实施方式与实施例1相同。Referring to Fig. 9, in the present embodiment, the fiber implanting devices used are two sets, and the fiber conveyors 4 of the two sets of fiber implanting devices are disposed obliquely opposite each other, and the fiber filaments 8 outputted by the two are crossed each other. In the two-fiber implanting device, an angle adjusting motor 17 is provided at a joint joint between the bracket in the fiber conveyor 4 and the base 1, and the angle adjusting motor 17 is a stepping motor controlled by a control system, thereby realizing Automatic adjustment of the tilt angle of the bracket. Other embodiments of the fiber implant device of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
　　　参见图9和图10，本实施例的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法利用上述的两套纤维植入装置实现，其与实施例1的实施方法的不同之处在于：Referring to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the implementation method of the selective laser sintering process of the present embodiment is realized by using the above two sets of fiber implantation devices, which is different from the implementation method of Embodiment 1 in that:
　　　在步骤（2.1）中，两个纤维输送器4固定在一个位置同时将多根连续的长纤维丝8平行输出，两者输出的纤维丝8的一头***底层烧结粉末材料层14-1中，另一头伸出底层烧结粉末材料层14-1外，并且两纤维输送器4输出的纤维丝8相互交叉。In the step (2.1), the two fiber conveyors 4 are fixed at one position while the plurality of continuous long filaments 8 are output in parallel, and one end of the fiber filaments 8 outputted from both is inserted into the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1. The other end protrudes beyond the underlying layer of sintered powder material 14-1, and the filaments 8 output from the two fiber conveyors 4 cross each other.
　　　在步骤（2.3）中，最终在底层烧结粉末材料层14-1上形成相互交叉铺设成网状的纤维层，该纤维层的一头***底层烧结粉末材料层14-1中，另一头伸出底层烧结粉末材料层14-1外。In the step (2.3), a fiber layer which is laid across the mesh is formed on the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1, and one end of the fiber layer is inserted into the underlying sintered powder material layer 14-1, and the other end is extended to the bottom layer. The powdered material layer 14-1 is sintered.
　　　本实施例中，所述成型件15中的纤维丝8相互交叉成网状并有序地嵌设在其体内，与实施例1相比不同的是，实施例2使得该成型件15具有较好的整体性能，即在各个不同方向上的力学性能较为均衡。In this embodiment, the filaments 8 in the molded part 15 are interdigitated into a mesh shape and are embedded in the body in an orderly manner. Compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 makes the molded part 15 more Good overall performance, that is, the mechanical properties in different directions are relatively balanced.
　　　本实施例的实施方法的其他实施方式可参照实施例1来进行。Other embodiments of the method for carrying out the embodiment can be carried out with reference to the embodiment 1.
　　　实施例3Example 3
　　　本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于，在选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法中，用纤维束替代步骤（2）中的纤维丝8。This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in the practice of the selective laser sintering process, the fiber bundle 8 in the step (2) is replaced with a fiber bundle.
　　　本实施例的实施方法的其他实施方式可参照实施例1来进行。Other embodiments of the method for carrying out the embodiment can be carried out with reference to the embodiment 1.
　　　实施例4Example 4
　　　本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于，在选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法中，用纤维布或纤维毡替代步骤（2）中的纤维丝8。This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that, in the practice of the selective laser sintering process, the fiber filaments 8 in the step (2) are replaced with a fiber cloth or a fiber mat.
　　　在纤维植入装置中，牵引辊5和辅助辊6上无需设置导向槽。In the fiber implanting device, it is not necessary to provide a guide groove on the pulling roller 5 and the auxiliary roller 6.
　　　本实施例的实施方法的其他实施方式可参照实施例1来进行。Other embodiments of the method for carrying out the embodiment can be carried out with reference to the embodiment 1.
　　　实施例5Example 5
　　　本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于，在选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法中，所述纤维层由纤维布构成，该纤维布无需通过纤维植入装置植入，而是通过人工或其他设备铺设在底层烧结粉末材料层14-1中。The present embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that in the implementation method of the selective laser sintering process, the fiber layer is composed of a fiber cloth which is not implanted by a fiber implant device, but is manually or Other equipment is laid in the underlying layer of sintered powder material 14-1.
　　　本实施例的实施方法的其他实施方式可参照实施例1来进行。Other embodiments of the method for carrying out the embodiment can be carried out with reference to the embodiment 1.
　　　上述为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述内容的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Equivalent replacement means are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (13)

  1. 一种选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，其特征在于，烧结时，在烧结粉末中植入由高长径比且有序排列的纤维构成的纤维层，烧结后 ，所述纤维层被包裹在烧结成型件中。 A method for performing a selective laser sintering process, characterized in that, during sintering, a fiber layer composed of fibers having a high aspect ratio and an ordered arrangement is implanted in the sintered powder, after sintering The fibrous layer is wrapped in a sintered molded part.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：The method for implementing a selective laser sintering process according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
    　　　（1）铺粉装置在烧结工作平面上铺覆底层烧结粉末材料层；(1) the powder spreading device lays a layer of the underlying sintered powder material on the sintering work plane;
    　　　（2）利用纤维植入装置在底层烧结粉末材料层上铺设纤维层，铺设过程为：(2) laying a fiber layer on the underlying sintered powder material layer by using a fiber implant device, the laying process is:
    　　　（2.1）纤维植入装置将连续的长纤维丝输出，该输出的纤维丝铺设到底层烧结粉末材料层中；(2.1) The fiber implanting device outputs continuous filaments, and the output filaments are laid into the layer of the underlying sintered powder material;
    　　　（2.2）纤维植入装置中设置的切断机构根据所需的长度将纤维丝切断；(2.2) The cutting mechanism provided in the fiber implanting device cuts the filament according to the required length;
    　　　（2.3）纤维植入装置不断重复上述步骤（2.1）和步骤（2.2），将纤维丝有序地铺设在底层烧结粉末材料层上，最终形成纤维层；(2.3) The fiber implanting device repeats the above steps (2.1) and (2.2) continuously, laying the fiber filaments on the underlying sintered powder material layer in an orderly manner, and finally forming a fiber layer;
    　　　（3）铺粉装置在底层烧结粉末材料层上铺覆顶层烧结粉末材料层；(3) the powder spreading device lays a layer of the top sintered powder material on the bottom layer of the sintered powder material;
    　　　（4）利用激光装置发出的激光束对上述底层烧结粉末材料层和顶层烧结粉末材料层进行烧结，烧结后，纤维层被包裹在底层烧结粉末材料层和顶层烧结粉末材料层中，完成一个烧结层的烧结工作；(4) sintering the bottom sintered powder material layer and the top sintered powder material layer by using a laser beam emitted from a laser device, and after sintering, the fiber layer is wrapped in the underlying sintered powder material layer and the top sintered powder material layer to complete a sintering. Sintering of the layer;
    　　　（5）不断重复上述步骤（1）～（4），直至所有的烧结层均完成烧结，最终获得成型件。(5) The above steps (1) to (4) are continuously repeated until all of the sintered layers are sintered, and finally a molded article is obtained.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，其特征在于，在步骤（2.1）中，输出的纤维丝平铺在底层烧结粉末材料层上。The method of practicing a selective laser sintering process according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2.1), the output fiber filaments are laid on the underlying sintered powder material layer.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，其特征在于，在步骤（2.1）中，输出的纤维丝的一头竖直或倾斜地***到底层烧结粉末材料层；在步骤（2.2）中，纤维丝被切断后，该纤维丝的另一头伸出底层烧结粉末材料层。The method for performing a selective laser sintering process according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2.1), one end of the output fiber filament is inserted vertically or obliquely into the underlying sintered powder material layer; in step (2.2) In the middle, after the filament is cut, the other end of the filament protrudes from the underlying layer of sintered powder material.
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，其特征在于，在步骤（2.3）中，多根纤维相互平行铺设，或者相互交叉铺设形成网状。The method for carrying out the selective laser sintering process according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, in the step (2.3), the plurality of fibers are laid in parallel with each other or are laid across each other to form a mesh.
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，其特征在于，在步骤（2.1）和步骤（2.2）中，纤维植入装置一次输出多根连续纤维，并由切断机构根据所需的长度将多根纤维一次切断。The method for performing a selective laser sintering process according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2.1) and the step (2.2), the fiber implanting device outputs a plurality of continuous fibers at a time, and is cut by a cutting mechanism according to the requirements. The length of the fiber is cut off at one time.
  7. 根据权利要求2～4中任一项所述的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，其特征在于，用纤维布、纤维束或纤维毡替代步骤（2）中的纤维丝。The method for carrying out the selective laser sintering process according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the fiber filaments in the step (2) are replaced with a fiber cloth, a fiber bundle or a fiber mat.
  8. 根据权利要求1～4或6中任一项所述的选择性激光烧结工艺的实施方法，其特征在于，所述纤维层中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、尼龙纤维、芳纶纤维、氨纶纤维或金属纤维。The method for performing a selective laser sintering process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fibers in the fiber layer are glass fiber, carbon fiber, nylon fiber, aramid fiber, spandex fiber. Or metal fiber.
  9. 权利要求2～6任一项选择性激光烧结工艺的施工方法中所使用的纤维植入装置，其特征在于，包括设在滑轨上的基座以及连接在基座上的纤维输送器，其中，纤维输送器包括支架以及设在支架上的牵引棍组，所述支架的端部设有用于切断纤维丝的切断机构；所述牵引辊组由两根牵引辊组成，连续的长纤维丝由该两根牵引辊之间穿过。A fiber implanting device for use in a method of constructing a selective laser sintering process according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a base provided on the slide rail and a fiber conveyor connected to the base, wherein The fiber conveyor comprises a bracket and a traction rod set provided on the bracket, the end of the bracket is provided with a cutting mechanism for cutting the fiber filament; the traction roller group is composed of two traction rollers, and the continuous long filament yarn is composed of The two traction rolls pass between them.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的纤维植入装置，其特征在于，所述的滑轨为具有四个自由度的运动机构，所述四个自由度分别为沿X轴、Y轴以及Z轴方向的直线运动以及绕Z轴的转动。The fiber implant device according to claim 9, wherein said slide rail is a motion mechanism having four degrees of freedom, said four degrees of freedom being in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, respectively. Linear motion and rotation about the Z axis.
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的纤维植入装置，其特征在于，所述支架与基座通过转动关节连接。The fiber implant device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the holder and the base are connected by a rotary joint.
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的纤维植入装置，其特征在于，所述的支架上还设有辅助辊组，该辅助辊组由两根辅助辊组成，连续的纤维丝由牵引辊组中的两牵引辊以及辅助辊组中的两辅助辊之间穿过；所述牵引辊或/和辅助辊上设有用于引导和定位纤维丝的环形的导向槽。The fiber implant device according to claim 11, wherein the bracket is further provided with an auxiliary roller set, the auxiliary roller set is composed of two auxiliary rollers, and the continuous fiber filaments are composed of two of the traction roller groups. The traction roller and the two auxiliary rollers of the auxiliary roller group pass between; the traction roller or/and the auxiliary roller are provided with an annular guide groove for guiding and positioning the fiber filament.
  13. 根据权利要求9或10所述的纤维植入装置，其特征在于，所述的切断机构包括上刀座、下刀座以及切刀，其中，上刀座和下刀座之间形成有让纤维丝穿过的间隙；所述切刀设置在上刀座内，其刀刃朝向下刀座，该切刀上连接有驱动其作上下运动的驱动机构。The fiber implanting device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises an upper seat, a lower seat and a cutter, wherein a fiber is formed between the upper seat and the lower seat a gap through which the wire passes; the cutter is disposed in the upper seat, and the blade faces the lower seat, and the cutter is connected with a drive mechanism for driving the up and down movement.
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