WO2014079252A1 - 适用于快凝快硬磷酸镁水泥体系的缓凝剂及其使用方法 - Google Patents

适用于快凝快硬磷酸镁水泥体系的缓凝剂及其使用方法 Download PDF

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WO2014079252A1
WO2014079252A1 PCT/CN2013/082529 CN2013082529W WO2014079252A1 WO 2014079252 A1 WO2014079252 A1 WO 2014079252A1 CN 2013082529 W CN2013082529 W CN 2013082529W WO 2014079252 A1 WO2014079252 A1 WO 2014079252A1
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Prior art keywords
retarder
magnesium phosphate
phosphate cement
chloride
magnesium
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PCT/CN2013/082529
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈惠苏
郭岩岩
鲍步传
周忠
刘琳
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Chen Huisu
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
    • C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
    • C04B22/12—Acids or salts thereof containing halogen in the anion
    • C04B22/124—Chlorides of ammonium or of the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g. calcium chloride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/34—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/20—Retarders

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of preparation of magnesium phosphate cement-based composite materials, in particular to a novel retarder suitable for use in a magnesium phosphate cement system and a method for using the same.
  • the main action phase in the magnesium phosphate cement system - magnesium oxide and phosphate react very strongly after contact with water.
  • the retarder is not added or the retarder is mixed for a short time, the magnesium phosphate cement is mixed from The final setting time is extremely short and it is difficult to meet the construction operation and process requirements. Therefore, in order to solve this situation, the development of a retarder suitable for the magnesium phosphate system is a prerequisite for the rapid, hard, and early strength of the magnesium phosphate cement system in repairing construction.
  • the invention solves the technical problems that the setting time of the magnesium phosphate cement repairing system is extremely short, and can not meet the requirements of the operation time during the actual repairing construction.
  • the retarder can not only prolong the setting time of the magnesium phosphate repair system at normal temperature, but also has a strong retarding effect in a high temperature environment; on the other hand, the retarder can not only ensure the magnesium phosphate cement The early strength of the sample also improved its late strength to some extent.
  • the invention also provides four methods for using the retarder, the four methods of use are simple and quick to use in preparing the magnesium phosphate cement repairing material, and different retarders also have different effects, changing the magnesium phosphate The current status of the system using solid retarders for a long time.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • a new retarder is used, which consists of one or several chlorine salts.
  • the chloride salt may be magnesium chloride hexahydrate MgCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, sodium chloride NaCl, potassium chloride KCl, calcium chloride CaCl 2 , copper chloride CuCl 2 , ferric chloride FeCl 3 , ferrous chloride FeCl 2.
  • a complex of one or more of a chloride salt such as barium chloride BaCl 2 or tetrabutylammonium chloride C 16 H 36 ClN, and is not limited to the above chloride salt.
  • the first type the existing solution, according to the actual construction requirements, before the construction, using the retarder and water of the invention to prepare a uniform clear solution, the solution concentration is maintained at 5%-40%, and then directly used in the magnesium phosphate cement system. ;
  • the second type the pre-dispensing solution, according to the actual construction requirements, using the retarder of the invention and water to prepare a uniform clear solution, the mass concentration of the solution is maintained at 5%-40%, sealed and allowed to stand in the magnesium phosphate cement system;
  • the currently mixed modified magnesium phosphate cement according to the actual construction requirements, before the construction, using the retarder of the invention, is added to the magnesium phosphate cement as a solid powder, and the ratio of the retarder to the magnesium oxide In 2%-20% , mix well, then add water to use;
  • the fourth type is premixed modified magnesium phosphate cement.
  • the retarder of the invention is uniformly mixed with magnesium oxide and phosphate, and the ratio of the retarder to the magnesium oxide is
  • the retarder of the invention When the retarder of the invention is used in a magnesium phosphate cement system, the retarding effect is excellent.
  • the retarder not only greatly prolongs the setting time of the magnesium phosphate repair system at normal temperature, but also has a strong retarding effect in a high temperature environment.
  • the retardation time can be up to 54 minutes, and the retardation time can be arbitrarily adjusted within 3 to 54 minutes.
  • the retarder is more than 1.5-2 times of the retarder already used by the retarder of the present invention.
  • the mechanical properties of the magnesium phosphate cement can be improved.
  • the retarder has little inhibitory effect on the early strength development of the magnesium phosphate cement system, and can promote the development of the late strength of the magnesium phosphate cement in a certain degree.
  • the major drawbacks of existing retarders (such as borax) to inhibit the early strength development of magnesium phosphate cement are completely avoided. Long-term tests have also shown that the strength of the magnesium phosphate cement sample incorporating the appropriate amount of the retarder of the invention is increased.
  • the preparation process is simple.
  • the retarder preparation of the invention is simple and quick, and the retarding effect is remarkable.
  • the pre-mixing and pre-mixing modes are selected, the retarder of the invention is a uniform clear solution, which is not volatile. It can be stored for a long time without affecting its retarding effect.
  • the invention is a retarder, the retarder is mainly magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 • 6H 2 O), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), chlorine Copper chloride (CuCl 2 ), ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ), ferrous chloride (FeCl 2 ), barium chloride (BaCl 2 ), tetrabutylammonium chloride (C 16 H 36 ClN) and other chloride salts One or several complexes, and is not limited to the above chloride salts. Its role is mainly to control the setting time of the magnesium phosphate cement system, so as to facilitate molding on the construction site.
  • the reaction of magnesium oxide and phosphate is an acid-base neutralization reaction, the reaction is severe.
  • a retarder is added during the test to adjust the setting time of the magnesium phosphate system.
  • the retarder can be prepared in the following four ways, and then fully stirred with the magnesium phosphate cement component, the stirring time is not less than 1 minute, and the mixture is uniformly molded and then injected into the mold.
  • the first type the existing solution, according to the actual construction requirements, before the construction, the retarder is mixed with water to form a uniform clear solution, the solution concentration is maintained between 5% and 40%, and then directly used for the magnesium phosphate cement.
  • the retarder is mixed with water to form a uniform clear solution, the solution concentration is maintained between 5% and 40%, and then directly used for the magnesium phosphate cement.
  • the second type the pre-dispensing solution, according to the actual construction requirements, using the retarder of the invention and water to prepare a uniform clear solution, the solution concentration is maintained between 5% and 40%, the seal is allowed to stand, and then used for the magnesium phosphate cement.
  • the solution concentration is maintained between 5% and 40%, the seal is allowed to stand, and then used for the magnesium phosphate cement.
  • the currently mixed modified magnesium phosphate cement according to the actual construction requirements, before the construction, using the retarder of the invention, is added to the magnesium phosphate cement as a solid powder, and the ratio of the retarder to the magnesium oxide Between 2% and 20%, mix well, then add water;
  • the fourth type, ready-mixed modified magnesium phosphate cement, in the production of magnesium phosphate cement, the retarder of the present invention is uniformly mixed with magnesium oxide and phosphate, and the mass ratio of retarder to magnesium oxide is 2%-20 Between the %, the modified magnesium phosphate cement is prepared and then directly added with water.
  • the type and amount of chloride salt are selected according to the requirements of the construction process for the retardation time and strength development and the ambient temperature during construction.
  • doped borax was selected as a comparative example.
  • the molar ratio of magnesium oxide/potassium dihydrogen phosphate was 5:1, and the borax/magnesium oxide mass ratio was 0.05.
  • the test results showed that the initial setting time of the sample was 3 min, the final setting time was 6 min, the strength at 3 h was 20.16 MPa, and the strength at 1 d was 31.47 MPa.
  • the invention provides a retarder for preparing a magnesium phosphate cement sample, and the chlorine salt is selected from sodium chloride (NaCl).
  • the test results showed that the initial setting time of the magnesium phosphate cement paste added with the chlorine salt retarder was 7 min, the final setting time was 12 min, the 3 h strength was 24.97 MPa, and the 1 d strength was 35.71 MPa.
  • the magnesium phosphate cement sample is prepared by using the retarder of the invention, and the chloride salt is selected from magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 • 6H 2 O).
  • the chloride salt is selected from magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 • 6H 2 O).
  • Magnesium oxide (595 g) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate powder (405 g) were weighed uniformly, and the retarder (198 g) prepared above was added and stirred for 1 min to prepare a uniform magnesium phosphate cement paste.
  • a part of the mold was poured into a mold of 30 mm * 30 mm * 30 mm, and placed in a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C, relative humidity of 60 ⁇ 5% in the environment to naturally maintain; another part of the slurry for the condensation time test.
  • Coagulation time test test reference GB/T1346-2001 “Ceramic standard consistency water consumption condensation time stability test method”
  • compressive strength test according to GB/T 17671-1999 “Test method for strength of cement mortar (ISO method)”.
  • the test results showed that the initial setting time of the magnesium phosphate cement paste added with the chlorine salt retarder was 6 min, the final setting time was 13 min, the 3 h strength was 25.4 MPa, and the 1 d strength was 39.7 MPa.
  • the invention provides a retarder for preparing a magnesium phosphate cement sample, and the chloride salt is selected from potassium chloride (KCl).
  • the chloride salt is selected from potassium chloride (KCl).
  • a part of the mold was poured into a mold of 30 mm * 30 mm * 30 mm, and placed in a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C, relative humidity of 60 ⁇ 5% in the environment to naturally maintain; a part of the slurry for the condensation time test.
  • Coagulation time test test reference GB/T1346-2001 “Ceramic standard consistency water consumption condensation time stability test method”
  • compressive strength test according to GB/T 17671-1999 “Test method for strength of cement mortar (ISO method)”.
  • Test results The initial setting time of the magnesium phosphate cement paste added with the chloride salt retarder was 7 min, the final setting time was 13 min, the 3 h intensity was 21.32 MPa, and the 1d intensity was 31.42. MPa.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

一种适用于快凝快硬磷酸镁水泥体系的缓凝剂及其使用方法，该缓凝剂由一种氯盐或几种氯盐复合组成，其使用方法有四种：第一种，现配溶液；第二种，预配溶液；第三种，现拌改性磷酸镁水泥；第四种，预拌改性磷酸镁水泥。

Description

适用于快凝快硬磷酸镁水泥体系的缓凝剂及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明属于磷酸镁水泥基复合材料的制备领域，具体来说涉及一种适用于磷酸镁水泥体系的新型的缓凝剂的制备及其使用方法。
背景技术
20世纪80年代以来，经济建设的高速发展，促进了交通运输业的蓬勃发展，对于公路建设也提出了更高的要求。由于重交通荷载，环境条件和使用维护不当等，新修建的高等混凝土路面也出现了一定程度的损坏。为了减少传统长期的修补施工所带来的经济损失，人们迫切的需要一种快硬早强型的修补材料。磷酸镁水泥作为一种新型的胶凝材料，因为其快硬早强的特点在上个世纪80年代得到了美国等西方国家的普遍关注，被广泛应用于于公路、桥面、飞机跑道等混凝土路面，及工业厂房地面等的快速修复上。但是磷酸镁水泥体系中的主要作用相—氧化镁和磷酸盐遇水后反应非常剧烈，在不掺加缓凝剂或所掺缓凝剂缓凝时间较短时，磷酸镁水泥从拌合到终凝时间极短，难以满足施工操作和工艺要求。因此，针对这种情况，开发适用于磷酸镁体系的缓凝剂，是发挥磷酸镁水泥体系在修复施工中快硬早强优势的先决条件。
目前，国内外许多学者针对磷酸镁体系研究了不同类型的缓凝剂，其中以硼砂和硼酸的效果最佳。但是这两种及其它现有的缓凝剂缓凝效果仍然十分有限，并且它们都存在一个通病，即现有的缓凝剂在很大程度上抑制了磷酸镁水泥的早期强度发展，且在温度较高时，缓凝剂基本丧失其缓凝效果。因此，我们需要一种缓凝效果更强，在较高温度下仍能起到良好缓凝效果并且对早期强度发展抑制较小的新型缓凝剂。
 技术问题
本发明为解决磷酸镁水泥修复体系凝结时间极短，不能满足实际修复施工时对操作时间的要求等技术问题。一方面，该缓凝剂不但能在常温下大大延长磷酸镁修复体系的凝结时间，而且在高温环境中仍有很强的缓凝作用；另一方面，该缓凝剂不仅能保证磷酸镁水泥试样的早期强度，还在一定程度上提高其后期强度。本发明还提供了该缓凝剂的四种使用方法，这四种使用方法用于制备磷酸镁水泥修复材料时操作简单、快捷，且不同的缓凝剂也具有不同的效果，改变了磷酸镁体系长期使用固体缓凝剂的现状。
技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
采用一种新型缓凝剂， 该缓凝剂由一种或几种氯盐复合组成。
所述的氯盐可以是 六水氯化镁 MgCl2·6H2O 、氯化钠 NaCl 、氯化钾 KCl 、氯化钙 CaCl2 、氯化铜 CuCl2 、氯化铁 FeCl3 、氯化亚铁 FeCl2 、氯化钡 BaCl2 、四丁基氯化铵 C16H36ClN 等氯盐中的一种或几种的复合物，且不局限于上述氯盐。
该缓凝剂的使用方法主要有四种：
第一种，现配溶液，根据实际施工要求，在施工前采用本发明缓凝剂与水配制成均匀澄清溶液，溶液质量浓度保持在 5%-40% ，然后直接用于磷酸镁水泥体系中；
第二种，预配溶液，根据实际施工要求，采用本发明缓凝剂与水配制成均匀澄清溶液，溶液质量浓度保持在 5%-40% ，密封静置，然后用于磷酸镁水泥体系中；
第三种，现拌改性磷酸镁水泥，根据实际施工要求，在施工前，采用本发明缓凝剂，以固态粉末形式掺加到磷酸镁水泥中，缓凝剂掺量与氧化镁质量比在 2%-20% ，混合均匀，然后加水使用；
第四种，预拌改性磷酸镁水泥，在生产磷酸镁水泥时，将本发明缓凝剂与氧化镁和磷酸盐一起混合均匀，缓凝剂掺量与氧化镁质量比在
2%-20%
，制备成改性的磷酸镁水泥，然后直接加水使用。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案具有以下有益效果：
1. 该发明缓凝剂用于磷酸镁水泥体系时，缓凝效果优异。该缓凝剂不但能在常温下大大延长磷酸镁修复体系的凝结时间，而且在高温环境中仍有很强的缓凝作用。
2. 该发明缓凝剂用于磷酸镁水泥体系时，缓凝时间最长可达到54分钟，且缓凝时间在3到54分钟时间内可任意调节。与相同条件下现有的传统缓凝剂的缓凝效果相比，采用本发明缓凝剂，缓凝时间是已有缓凝剂的1.5-2倍以上。
3. 该发明缓凝剂用于磷酸镁水泥体系时，能提高磷酸镁水泥的力学性能。该缓凝剂对磷酸镁水泥体系的早期强度发展抑制作用小，且在一定程度上能促进磷酸镁水泥凝结后期强度的发展。完全避免了现有的缓凝剂（如硼砂）抑制磷酸镁水泥早期强度发展的重大缺陷。长期试验还表明掺入适量的该发明缓凝剂的磷酸镁水泥试样的强度反而会提高。
4. 该发明缓凝剂用于磷酸镁水泥体系时，制备工艺简单。选择现配、现拌方式使用时，该发明缓凝剂制备简单、快捷，缓凝效果显著，选择预配、预拌方式使用时，该发明缓凝剂是一种均匀澄清溶液，不易挥发变质，可以长期贮存，且不影响其缓凝效果。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合实施列对本发明做进一步阐述。
本发明为一种缓凝剂，该缓凝剂主要是六水氯化镁（MgCl2•6H2O）、氯化钠（NaCl）、氯化钾（KCl）、氯化钙（CaCl2）、氯化铜（CuCl2）、氯化铁（FeCl3）、氯化亚铁（FeCl2）、氯化钡（BaCl2）、四丁基氯化铵（C16H36ClN）等氯盐中的一种或几种的复合物，并且不局限于上述的氯盐。其作用主要是控制磷酸镁水泥体系的凝结时间，以便于施工现场成型。因为氧化镁和磷酸盐的反应是一个酸碱中和反应，反应剧烈，为了便于成型操作，需要在试验时加入缓凝剂来调节磷酸镁体系的凝结时间。制备磷酸镁水泥试样时，可以采用下述四种方式配制缓凝剂，然后与磷酸镁水泥组份充分搅拌，搅拌时间不要低于1分钟，搅拌均匀后注入模具成型。
第一种，现配溶液，根据实际施工要求，在施工前采用本发明缓凝剂与水配制成均匀澄清溶液，溶液质量浓度保持在5%-40%之间，然后直接用于磷酸镁水泥体系中；
第二种，预配溶液，根据实际施工要求，采用本发明缓凝剂与水配制成均匀澄清溶液，溶液质量浓度保持在5%-40%之间，密封静置，然后用于磷酸镁水泥体系中；
第三种，现拌改性磷酸镁水泥，根据实际施工要求，在施工前，采用本发明缓凝剂，以固态粉末形式掺加到磷酸镁水泥中，缓凝剂掺量与氧化镁质量比在2%-20%之间，混合均匀，然后加水使用；
第四种，预拌改性磷酸镁水泥，在生产磷酸镁水泥时，将本发明缓凝剂与氧化镁和磷酸盐一起混合均匀，缓凝剂掺量与氧化镁质量比在2%-20%之间，制备成改性的磷酸镁水泥，然后直接加水使用。
氯盐的种类和用量根据施工工艺对缓凝时间和强度发展的要求以及施工时环境温度等因素进行选择。
对比例1：
实施例中发现，磷酸镁水泥体系中如果不掺加缓凝剂，则无法成型。因此，选择掺杂硼砂作为对比实例。对比实例中氧化镁/磷酸二氢钾的摩尔比为5:1，硼砂/氧化镁质量比为0.05。
试验结果为，该试样的初凝时间为3min，终凝时间为6min，3h强度为20.16MPa，1d强度为31.47MPa。
实施例1：
利用本发明提供缓凝剂制备磷酸镁水泥试样，氯盐选择氯化钠（NaCl），根据第一种使用方法，按照氯化镁质量/水质量=14%比例将氯化钠和水混合搅拌成均匀澄清溶液。
称取氧化镁（595g）和 磷酸二氢钾粉末（405g）混合均匀，立即加入198g上述配制的缓凝剂，搅拌1min，制备成均匀的磷酸镁水泥净浆。一部分浇注到30mm*30mm*30mm的模具中，放入温度为20±2℃，相对湿度60±5%的环境中自然养护；另一部分浆体进行凝结时间测试试验。凝结时间测试试验参照 GB/T1346-2001《水泥标准稠度用水量凝结时间安定性检验方法》，抗压强度测试根据GB/T 17671-1999《水泥胶砂强度检验方法（ISO法）》。
试验结果为：加入该氯盐缓凝剂的磷酸镁水泥净浆的初凝时间为7min，终凝时间为12min，3h强度为24.97MPa，1d强度为35.71MPa。
实施例2：
利用本发明缓凝剂制备磷酸镁水泥试样，氯盐选择六水氯化镁（MgCl2•6H2O），根据第二种使用方法，按照氯化镁质量/水质量=0.14，将六水氯化镁和水混合搅拌成均匀澄清溶液，密封静置待用。
称取氧化镁（595g）和磷酸二氢钾粉末（405g）混合均匀，加入上述配制的缓凝剂（198g），搅拌1min，制备成均匀的磷酸镁水泥净浆。一部分浇注到30mm*30mm*30mm的模具中，放入温度为20±2℃，相对湿度60±5%的环境中自然养护；另一部分浆体进行凝结时间测试试验。凝结时间测试试验参照 GB/T1346-2001《水泥标准稠度用水量凝结时间安定性检验方法》，抗压强度测试根据GB/T 17671-1999《水泥胶砂强度检验方法（ISO法）》。
试验结果为：加入该氯盐缓凝剂的磷酸镁水泥净浆的初凝时间为6min，终凝时间为13min，3h强度为25.4MPa，1d强度为39.7MPa。
实施例3：
利用本发明提供缓凝剂制备磷酸镁水泥试样，氯盐选择氯化钾（KCl）， 根据第三种使用方法，按照氯化钾质量/氯化镁质量/磷酸二氢钾质量=0.05：1: 0.68的比例，将三种粉末混合搅拌均匀，然后加入占氧化镁和磷酸二氢钾质量之和0.17的水，搅拌1min，制备成均匀的磷酸镁水泥净浆。一部分浇注到30mm*30mm*30mm的模具中，放入温度为20±2℃，相对湿度60±5%的环境中自然养护；令一部分浆体进行凝结时间测试试验。凝结时间测试试验参照 GB/T1346-2001《水泥标准稠度用水量凝结时间安定性检验方法》，抗压强度测试根据GB/T 17671-1999《水泥胶砂强度检验方法（ISO法）》。
试验结果：加入该氯盐缓凝剂的磷酸镁水泥净浆的初凝时间为7min，终凝时间为13min，3h强度为21.32MPa，1d强度为31.42 MPa。
本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种适用于快凝快硬磷酸镁水泥体系的缓凝剂，其特征在于，该缓凝剂由一种或几种氯盐复合组成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于快凝快硬磷酸镁水泥体系的缓凝剂，其特征在于所述的氯盐包括：六水氯化镁MgCl2•6H2O、氯化钠NaCl、氯化钾KCl、氯化钙CaCl2、氯化铜CuCl2、氯化铁FeCl3、氯化亚铁FeCl2、氯化钡BaCl2、四丁基氯化铵C16H36ClN，且不局限于上述氯盐。
  3. 一种如权利要求1所述的适用于快凝快硬磷酸镁水泥体系的缓凝剂的使用方法，其特征在于所述的缓凝剂第一种用法是：现配溶液，根据实际施工要求，在施工前采用本发明缓凝剂与水配制成均匀澄清溶液，溶液质量浓度保持在5%-40%，然后直接用于磷酸镁水泥体系中。
  4. 一种如权利要求1所述的适用于快凝快硬磷酸镁水泥体系的缓凝剂的使用方法，其特征在于所述的缓凝剂第二种用法是：预配溶液，根据实际施工要求，采用本发明缓凝剂与水配制成均匀澄清溶液，溶液质量浓度保持在5%-40%，密封静置，然后用于磷酸镁水泥体系中。
  5. 一种如权利要求1所述的适用于快凝快硬磷酸镁水泥体系的缓凝剂的使用方法，其特征在于所述的缓凝剂第三种用法是：现拌改性磷酸镁水泥，根据实际施工要求，在施工前，采用本发明缓凝剂，以固态粉末形式掺加到磷酸镁水泥中，缓凝剂掺量与氧化镁质量比在2%-20%，混合均匀，然后加水使用。
  6. 一种如权利要求1所述的适用于快凝快硬磷酸镁水泥体系的缓凝剂的使用方法，其特征在于所述的缓凝剂第四种用法是：预拌改性磷酸镁水泥，在生产磷酸镁水泥时，将本发明缓凝剂与氧化镁和磷酸盐一起混合均匀，缓凝剂掺量与氧化镁质量比在2%-20%，制备成改性的磷酸镁水泥，然后直接加水使用。
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