WO2014073087A1 - 電源装置 - Google Patents
電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014073087A1 WO2014073087A1 PCT/JP2012/079065 JP2012079065W WO2014073087A1 WO 2014073087 A1 WO2014073087 A1 WO 2014073087A1 JP 2012079065 W JP2012079065 W JP 2012079065W WO 2014073087 A1 WO2014073087 A1 WO 2014073087A1
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- voltage
- capacitor
- power
- load
- secondary battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/14—Boost converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply device that supplies power to a load.
- JP 2006-345606A discloses a vehicle power supply system in which a battery and a capacitor are connected in parallel. In this power supply system, an inverter of an electric motor is driven by electric energy supplied from a capacitor and a battery.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to effectively use the electric energy of a capacitor.
- a power supply device that supplies power to a load by combining a secondary battery and a capacitor, the switching element that switches supply of power from the capacitor to the load, and the second device.
- a DC-DC converter capable of boosting a voltage of a secondary battery and supplying the boosted battery voltage to the load; and when the voltage of the capacitor falls below a minimum voltage capable of driving the load, the switching element is pulse-controlled, and
- a control unit that controls the DC-DC converter so as to output a pulse current alternately with the switching element, and synthesizes the alternately output pulse current to supply power to the load.
- FIG. 1 is an electric circuit diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the power supply device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing power supply control from the power supply device to the load.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the power supply device.
- the power supply device 100 supplies power to the load by combining the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2.
- This load is an inverter 50 that is supplied with power from the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 and drives the motor 5.
- the power supply apparatus 100 is applied to HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle: hybrid vehicle), EV (Electric Vehicle: electric vehicle), and the like.
- the inverter 50 supplied with power from the power supply apparatus 100 and the electric motor 5 driven by the inverter 50 will be described.
- the electric motor 5 is a drive motor mounted on the HEV or EV.
- the electric motor 5 is a three-phase induction motor generator driven by generating a rotating magnetic field with a three-phase alternating current.
- the electric motor 5 includes a stator having a plurality of coils (not shown in the drawing) on the inner periphery, each of which constitutes a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase, and a rotor that has a permanent magnet and rotates on the inner periphery of the stator.
- the stator is fixed to the vehicle body (not shown), and the rotating shaft of the rotor is connected to the wheel axle (not shown).
- the electric motor 5 can convert electric energy into rotation of the wheel, and can convert rotation of the wheel into electric energy.
- the inverter 50 is a current converter that generates AC power from DC power supplied from the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2.
- the inverter 50 has a rated voltage of 600V and a minimum driveable voltage of 350V. This minimum voltage corresponds to the minimum voltage that can drive the load.
- the inverter 50 converts the DC power supplied from the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 into a three-layer AC consisting of a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase, which are shifted in phase by 120 degrees, and supplies them to the motor 5. To do.
- the inverter 50 has a positive power line 51a, a negative power line 51b, a U-phase power line 51u, a V-phase power line 51v, and a W-phase power line 51w.
- Positive power line 51 a is connected to the positive electrode of secondary battery 1 and capacitor 2.
- the negative power line 51 b is connected to the negative electrode of the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2.
- a U-phase power line 51u, a V-phase power line 51v, and a W-phase power line 51w are provided between the positive power line 51a and the negative power line 51b.
- a smoothing capacitor 55 that smoothes the DC power transferred between the secondary battery 1, the capacitor 2, and the inverter 50 is connected in parallel.
- the inverter 50 has IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) 53u, 54u, 53v, 54v, 53w, and 54w as six switching elements. These IGBTs 53u to 54w are diode-equipped IGBTs having rectifier diodes connected in parallel in the reverse direction.
- IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
- IGBT 53u and IGBT 54u are provided in series with U-phase power line 51u.
- the U-phase power line 51u is connected between the IGBT 53u and the IGBT 54u to a coil constituting the U-phase of the electric motor 5.
- IGBT 53v and IGBT 54v are provided in series with V-phase power line 51v.
- V-phase power line 51v is connected between the IGBT 53v and IGBT 54v to a coil constituting the V-phase of electric motor 5.
- IGBT 53w and IGBT 54w are provided in series with W-phase power line 51w.
- W-phase power line 51 w is connected between the IGBT 53 w and IGBT 54 w to a coil constituting the W-phase of electric motor 5.
- the IGBTs 53u, 54u, 53v, 54v, 53w, and 54w are controlled by a motor controller (not shown), thereby generating an alternating current and driving the electric motor 5.
- the power supply device 100 controls the supply of power to the inverter 50 from the secondary battery power source 11 having the secondary battery 1, the capacitor power source 21 having the capacitor 2, and the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2. And a controller 30 (see FIG. 2) as a unit.
- the secondary battery power supply unit 11 and the capacitor power supply unit 21 are connected in parallel. That is, the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 are connected in parallel.
- the secondary battery 1 is a chemical battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery or a nickel hydride secondary battery. Here, the voltage of the secondary battery 1 is set to 300V.
- the secondary battery 1 is provided with a secondary battery SOC detector 1a (see FIG. 2) that detects an SOC (State of Charge) and transmits a corresponding signal to the controller 30.
- SOC State of Charge
- the capacitor 2 is an electric double layer capacitor that is connected in series and set to a desired voltage, and is connected in parallel and set to a desired storage capacity.
- the voltage of the capacitor 2 is set to 600V.
- the capacitor 2 is provided with a capacitor voltage detector 2a (see FIG. 2) that detects a voltage and transmits a corresponding signal to the controller 30.
- the capacitor power supply unit 21 includes a switching element 25 that switches power supply from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50.
- the switching element 25 is controlled to open and close by the controller 30.
- the switching element 25 enables power to be directly supplied from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50 when switched to the connected state.
- the switching element 25 is a switch that can be opened and closed electrically at high speed, such as an IGBT or a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor).
- the switching element 25 When the voltage of the capacitor 2 is a voltage that can drive the electric motor 5, the switching element 25 is switched to a connected state so as to continuously supply power from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50. When the switching element 25 is switched to the cut-off state, power cannot be supplied from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50.
- the switching element 25 enables the capacitor 2 to be directly charged with the electric power generated by the electric motor 5 when switched to the connected state. Thereby, the energy loss at the time of charge of the capacitor 2 can be reduced.
- the secondary battery power supply unit 11 includes a DC-DC converter 15 that can boost the voltage of the secondary battery 1 and supply it to the electric motor 5 when the inverter 50 cannot be driven only by the power supply from the capacitor 2.
- the DC-DC converter 15 can boost the voltage of the secondary battery 1 and supply it to the electric motor 5, and can step down the electric power generated by the electric motor 5 and charge the secondary battery 1.
- the DC-DC converter 15 is provided with a reactor 16 provided downstream of the secondary battery 1, and a step-down control transistor 17 provided between the reactor 16 and the upstream of the electric motor 5 and capable of stepping down a charging voltage from the electric motor 5 by switching. And a boost control transistor 18 provided between the reactor 16 and the downstream of the electric motor 5 and capable of switching the current of the reactor 16 and boosting the supply voltage supplied to the electric motor 5 by induced electromotive force.
- the reactor 16 stores energy when the boost control transistor 18 is on. When the boost control transistor 18 is turned off, the voltage input from the capacitor 2 and the induced electromotive force due to the energy accumulated in the reactor 16 are output. As a result, the reactor 16 can boost the input voltage and output it by switching by the boost control transistor 18.
- the boost control transistor 18 is switched by the controller 30.
- the step-up control transistor 18 is an IGBT with a diode having a rectifier diode connected in parallel in the reverse direction.
- the boost control transistor 18 can switch the current of the reactor 16 to boost the supply voltage supplied to the electric motor 5 by induced electromotive force.
- the boost control transistor 18 When the boost control transistor 18 is switched on, the current from the positive electrode of the capacitor 2 flows to the negative electrode of the capacitor 2 via the reactor 16 and the boost control transistor 18. Energy is stored in the reactor 16 by this current loop.
- the step-down control transistor 17 is switched by the controller 30.
- the step-down control transistor 17 is a diode-attached IGBT having a rectifier diode connected in parallel in the reverse direction.
- the step-down control transistor 17 can step down the charging voltage from the electric motor 5 by switching.
- the step-down control transistor 17 steps down the electric power generated by the electric motor 5 by chopper control and charges the capacitor 2.
- the smoothing capacitor 19 smoothes the voltage output by the step-down control transistor 17 by performing chopper control. Thereby, the voltage at the time of charging the capacitor 2 with the electric power generated by the electric motor 5 can be smoothed and stabilized.
- the controller 30 controls the power supply device 100.
- the controller 30 is a microcomputer including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and an I / O interface (input / output interface).
- the RAM stores data in the processing of the CPU.
- the ROM stores a CPU control program and the like in advance.
- the I / O interface is used for input / output of information with a connected device. Control of the power supply apparatus 100 is realized by operating a CPU, a RAM, and the like according to a program stored in the ROM.
- the controller 30 repeatedly executes the routine shown in FIG. 3 at regular time intervals, for example, every 10 milliseconds.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the driving force of the electric motor 5, the output voltage of the capacitor 2, the output voltage of the secondary battery 1, and the input voltage of the inverter 50 in order from the top.
- step 101 the controller 30 reads the voltage of the capacitor 2 detected by the capacitor voltage detector 2a.
- step 102 the controller 30 determines whether or not the voltage of the capacitor 2 is equal to or higher than the first set voltage. If it is determined in step 102 that the voltage of the capacitor 2 is equal to or higher than the first set voltage, the process proceeds to step 103 and returns.
- the first set voltage is set to a value that is higher than the minimum voltage that can drive the inverter 50 by a margin voltage.
- the minimum voltage capable of driving the inverter 50 is 350V
- the first set voltage is set to a value slightly higher than 350V.
- step 103 the controller 30 places the switching element 25 in the connected state. As a result, power is continuously supplied from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50, and the electric motor 5 is driven.
- This state corresponds to the time between t 1 from t 0 in FIG. Specifically, EV running by the electric motor 5 is started from t 0, and the voltage of the capacitor 2 drops in proportion to the consumed electric energy. This EV running is continued until the voltage of the capacitor 2 approaches the lowest voltage that can drive the inverter 50 and falls below the first set voltage described above.
- step 104 electric energy remains in the capacitor 2. Assuming that the decrease in electrical energy is proportional to the voltage drop, approximately 34% of the electrical energy remains in the capacitor 2 that has been stepped down from 600 V to 350 V, assuming that the full charge is 100%. .
- the power supply device 100 uses the electrical energy remaining in the capacitor 2 as follows.
- step 104 the controller 30 determines whether or not the voltage of the capacitor 2 is equal to or higher than the second set voltage. If it is determined in step 104 that the voltage of the capacitor 2 is equal to or higher than the second set voltage, the process proceeds to step 105 and returns. On the other hand, when it is determined in step 104 that the voltage of the capacitor is lower than the second set voltage, the process proceeds to step 106 and returns.
- This second set voltage is set to a value higher than the minimum operating voltage, which is the lowest voltage at which the capacitor 2 can operate, by a margin voltage.
- the second set voltage is set to a lower value than the first set voltage described above.
- step 105 the controller 30 performs pulse control of the switching element 25, controls the DC-DC converter 15 to output a pulse current alternately with the switching element 25, and synthesizes the pulse currents that are alternately output. It is possible to supply power to the inverter 50.
- This state corresponds to the time between t 1 in FIG. 4 of t 2.
- the controller 30 first turns off the switching element 25 and stops supplying power from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50. .
- the controller 30 controls the DC-DC converter 15 to boost the power supply from the secondary battery 1 to a voltage higher than the first set voltage, and supply power from the secondary battery 1 to the inverter 50.
- the controller 30 controls the DC-DC converter 15 to stop the supply of power from the secondary battery 1 to the inverter 50.
- the controller 30 places the switching element 25 in the connected state and supplies power from the capacitor 2 to the inverter 50.
- the controller 30 repeats these operations at high speed to synthesize the pulse current from the capacitor 2 and the pulse current from the secondary battery 1.
- the inverter 50 is supplied with power having a voltage higher than the lowest voltage capable of driving the inverter 50. Therefore, so that the EV running that was started from t 0 is continued until t 2 even after the t 1. This EV running is continued until the voltage of the capacitor 2 approaches the minimum operating voltage and falls below the second set voltage described above.
- the power supply input to the inverter 50 is smoothed in voltage increase / decrease by the smoothing capacitor 55.
- the DC-DC converter 15 increases the gain for boosting the voltage of the secondary battery 1 in accordance with the voltage drop of the capacitor 2. Thereby, even if the voltage of the capacitor 2 drops, it can be compensated for.
- the controller 30 controls the switching element 25 in pulses, and alternately pulses the DC-DC converter 15 with the switching element 25. Control is performed to output current, and pulse currents that are alternately output are synthesized so that power can be supplied to the inverter 50.
- the inverter 50 can be driven using the electrical energy remaining in the capacitor 2, and the electrical energy of the capacitor 2 can be effectively utilized.
- the capacitor 2 can be reduced in size and weight.
- the distance that can be traveled by EV becomes longer compared to the conventional case, so that the fuel consumption by the engine can be reduced.
- Step 106 the controller 30 switches the switching element 25 to the cutoff state and controls the DC-DC converter 15 so that the secondary battery 1 can continuously supply power to the inverter 50.
- the secondary battery 1 is used to drive the inverter 50. Specifically, the voltage of the secondary battery 1 is increased from 300 V to the first set voltage described above, and the inverter 50 is driven.
- This state corresponds to the time between t 3 from t 2 in FIG. Specifically, the voltage of the secondary battery 1 to be supplied to the inverter 50 is boosted by the DC-DC converter 15, EV traveling initiated from t 0 is continued until t 3 past t 2 It will be.
- the controller 30 controls the switching element 25 and the DC-DC converter 15, and the capacitor 2 and the secondary battery 1 By combining pulse currents output alternately from the above, power can be supplied to the inverter 50. At this time, the DC-DC converter 15 can boost the voltage of the secondary battery 1.
- the voltage of the power source supplied to the inverter 50 can be boosted to a voltage that can drive the inverter 50. Is possible. Therefore, the inverter 50 can be driven using the electrical energy remaining in the capacitor 2, and the electrical energy of the capacitor 2 can be effectively utilized.
- the capacitor 2 can be reduced in size and weight.
- the distance that can be traveled by EV becomes longer compared to the conventional case, so that the fuel consumption by the engine can be reduced.
- the numerical values such as the voltage in the above-described embodiment are examples, and are not limited to these numerical values.
- the power supply device 100 is controlled by the controller 30, and the inverter 50 is controlled by a motor controller (not shown).
- the power supply apparatus 100 and the inverter 50 may be controlled by a single controller.
- Each of the IGBTs described above is an IGBT with a diode having a rectifier diode connected in parallel in the reverse direction. Instead of this, an IGBT without a built-in diode and a rectifier diode connected in parallel to the IGBT in the reverse direction may be provided separately.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
- 二次電池とキャパシタとを組み合わせて負荷に電源を供給する電源装置であって、
前記キャパシタからの前記負荷への電源の供給をスイッチングするスイッチング素子と、
前記二次電池の電圧を昇圧して前記負荷に供給可能とするDC-DCコンバータと、
前記キャパシタの電圧が前記負荷を駆動可能な最低電圧を下回った場合に、前記スイッチング素子をパルス制御するとともに、前記DC-DCコンバータを前記スイッチング素子と交互にパルス電流を出力するように制御し、交互に出力されるパルス電流を合成して前記負荷に電源を供給可能とする制御部と、を備える電源装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電源装置において、
前記DC-DCコンバータは、前記キャパシタの電圧の降下に応じて前記二次電池の電圧を昇圧するゲインを大きくする電源装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電源装置において、
前記スイッチング素子は、前記キャパシタの電圧が前記負荷を駆動可能な電圧である場合には、前記キャパシタから前記負荷に連続的に電源を供給可能とする電源装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電源装置において、
前記制御部は、前記キャパシタの電圧が前記負荷を駆動可能な最低電圧と比較して余裕電圧分だけ高い電圧よりも低くなった場合に、前記スイッチング素子をパルス制御するとともに、前記DC-DCコンバータを前記スイッチング素子と交互にパルス電流を出力するように制御し、交互に出力されるパルス電流を合成して前記負荷に電源を供給可能とする電源装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電源装置において、
前記制御部は、前記キャパシタの電圧が当該キャパシタの最低作動電圧と比較して余裕電圧分だけ高い電圧よりも低くなった場合に、前記スイッチング素子を遮断状態に切り換えるとともに、前記DC-DCコンバータを制御して前記二次電池から前記負荷に連続的に電源を供給可能とする電源装置。
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EP12888146.3A EP2919371B1 (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2012-11-09 | Power source device |
CN201280076962.4A CN104782036B (zh) | 2012-11-09 | 2012-11-09 | 电源装置 |
JP2014545518A JP5876940B2 (ja) | 2012-11-09 | 2012-11-09 | 電源装置 |
US14/441,894 US9831671B2 (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2012-11-09 | Power supply device |
PCT/JP2012/079065 WO2014073087A1 (ja) | 2012-11-09 | 2012-11-09 | 電源装置 |
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EP (1) | EP2919371B1 (ja) |
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EP3871313A4 (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2022-08-24 | 2449049 Ontario Inc. | HYBRID BACKUP POWER STORAGE SYSTEM |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2919371A4 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
JPWO2014073087A1 (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
CN104782036A (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
CN104782036B (zh) | 2018-01-23 |
US20150333513A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
EP2919371A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
EP2919371B1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
US9831671B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
JP5876940B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 |
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