WO2014067291A1 - 一种大有效面积光纤 - Google Patents

一种大有效面积光纤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014067291A1
WO2014067291A1 PCT/CN2013/078721 CN2013078721W WO2014067291A1 WO 2014067291 A1 WO2014067291 A1 WO 2014067291A1 CN 2013078721 W CN2013078721 W CN 2013078721W WO 2014067291 A1 WO2014067291 A1 WO 2014067291A1
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Prior art keywords
core layer
cladding
radius
refractive index
index difference
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PCT/CN2013/078721
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈苏
杨晨
曹蓓蓓
童维军
罗杰
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长飞光纤光缆有限公司
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Application filed by 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 filed Critical 长飞光纤光缆有限公司
Priority to US14/439,480 priority Critical patent/US9261646B2/en
Priority to JP2015538260A priority patent/JP6082875B2/ja
Priority to KR1020157010692A priority patent/KR101731743B1/ko
Publication of WO2014067291A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014067291A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
    • G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
    • G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
    • G02B6/02014—Effective area greater than 60 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
    • G02B6/02019—Effective area greater than 90 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G02B6/0281—Graded index region forming part of the central core segment, e.g. alpha profile, triangular, trapezoidal core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G02B6/0288—Multimode fibre, e.g. graded index core for compensating modal dispersion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03605—Highest refractive index not on central axis
    • G02B6/03611—Highest index adjacent to central axis region, e.g. annular core, coaxial ring, centreline depression affecting waveguiding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
    • G02B6/0365—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - - +
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03688—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 5 or more layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to optical fibers, and more particularly to a low attenuation, large effective area single mode fiber.
  • the International Telecommunication Union IUT-T defines a single-mode fiber with a cutoff wavelength shift in the G.654 standard revised in 2010. Its attenuation level is less than 0.22 dB/km, and its mode field diameter at the 1550 nm wavelength window. 9.5-13 ⁇ ⁇ , compared with the standard single-mode fiber SSMF (standard single-mode fiber), its mode field diameter is increased by 1-2 ⁇ m, which has a relatively large effective area, which can be used for submarine cables. Improve the length of the non-relay span, however, its macrobend performance is significantly lower than SSMF.
  • US Pat. No. 6,904,218 describes the following fiber structure distribution: the fiber structure comprises a central core, an intermediate depressed cladding and an outer cladding, and the effective area is greater than 80 ⁇ m 2 at a wavelength of 1310 nm, and the optical fiber has a bending radius of The 10mm macrobend loss is less than 0.7dB/turn, and the fiber attenuation value is only less than 0.19dB/km. However, in all of its implementations, the effective area is only 131.2 ⁇ m 2 at the 1550nm window.
  • Patent US7254305 describes the following fiber structure distribution: The structure comprises a central core, an intermediate cladding, a depressed cladding and an outer cladding which attenuate less than 0.19 dB/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
  • the difference in refractive index between the central core and the cladding in the structural distribution is too high, so that it is impossible to obtain an effective area of more than 100 ⁇ m 2 at the same time, and at the same time, due to the absolute refractive index of the core layer Higher, requiring a higher Ge doping concentration, resulting in fiber attenuation greater than 0.185 dB/km.
  • the effective area of an optical fiber can be improved by the following method.
  • the refractive index of the core layer is higher than that of the cladding layer. Most of the light in the fiber propagates in the core layer.
  • the increase in the diameter of the core layer directly increases the effective area. However, the increase in core diameter is directly
  • the cutoff wavelength is affected, and the cutoff wavelength must be less than the communication window wavelength, so the magnitude of the core diameter increase is limited.
  • the second is to reduce the relative refractive index of the core layer, which makes the light field distribution flatter, thereby increasing the effective area and reducing the cutoff wavelength, but has a negative impact on fiber attenuation.
  • Relative refractive index difference Refers to the ratio of the refractive index of each layer of the optical fiber to the refractive index of pure silica glass minus 1 to obtain the relative refractive index difference.
  • Core layer The portion with a higher refractive index in the middle of the fiber is the main light guiding layer in the fiber.
  • the core layer is divided into two parts, including an inner core layer and an outer core layer, and the outer core layer closely surrounds the inner core.
  • Floor The portion with a higher refractive index in the middle of the fiber.
  • Inner cladding A portion of the cladding that closely surrounds the core layer, which is connected to the lower cladding of the fiber.
  • Sinking cladding The portion of the fiber cladding that has the lowest refractive index, the relative refractive index of which is lower than the core layer or the cladding around it, and the depressed cladding of the optical fiber is generally doped by the PCVD process in the optical fiber preform. It is obtained or consists of a fluorine-doped quartz sleeve.
  • an outer cladding layer the outermost cladding portion of the fiberglass structure, which is connected to the plastic cladding of the optical fiber;
  • Ri inner core radius, in microns ( ⁇ ⁇ );
  • r 2 outer core layer radius, in the present invention, that is, the entire core radius, the unit is micron ( ⁇ ⁇ );
  • r 3 inner cladding radius, in the present invention, the radius of the entire area in the inner wall of the depressed cladding, in micrometers ( ⁇ ⁇ );
  • r 4 depressed cladding radius, the present invention refers to the entire area of the outer wall of the depressed cladding Radius, in microns ( ⁇ ⁇ );
  • r 5 radius of the outer cladding, ie the radius of the entire fiber, in micrometers ( ⁇ ⁇ );
  • ⁇ 12 a difference in refractive index of the inner core layer relative to the outer core layer
  • ⁇ ⁇ refractive index difference of the inner core layer with respect to pure quartz glass
  • ⁇ 2 refractive index difference of the outer core layer with respect to pure quartz glass
  • ⁇ 3 refractive index difference of the inner cladding relative to pure quartz glass
  • ⁇ 4 refractive index difference of the depressed cladding relative to pure quartz glass
  • ⁇ 5 refractive index difference of the outer cladding relative to pure quartz glass.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a large effective area fiber for the deficiencies of the above prior art, and to obtain a larger effective area while maintaining lower fiber attenuation and good bending performance.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is as follows: comprising a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the core layer is divided into an inner core layer and an outer core layer, and a radius of the inner core layer !
  • ⁇ is 1 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ 12 of the inner core layer with respect to the outer core layer is -0.2% ⁇ 12 ⁇ 0%
  • the relative refractive index difference of the inner core layer with respect to the outer core layer increases with radius change or increment, the radius r 2 of the outer core 4 ⁇ 7 ⁇ ⁇ , eight outer core layer 2 relative refractive index difference of -0.15% to 0.05%;
  • the cladding layer into the inner cladding, and an outer depressed cladding a layer, the core layer is covered with an inner cladding layer, the inner cladding radius r 3 is 7-20 ⁇ m, the relative refractive index difference ⁇ 3 is -0.5% ⁇ -0.1%, and the depressed cladding radius r 4
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ 4 is
  • the outermost layer is an outer layer
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ 5 of the outer cladding layer is -0.2% to -0.4%.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ 12 of the inner core layer with respect to the outer core layer is ⁇ 0.1% ⁇ 12 ⁇ 0%.
  • the outer core layer relative refractive index difference ⁇ 2 according to the above scheme is -0.15% 0.05%, and the outer core layer radius r 2 is
  • the inner cladding relative refractive index difference ⁇ 3 according to the above scheme is -0.4% to -0.2%, and the inner cladding radius r 3 is 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the inner cladding relative refractive index difference ⁇ 3 according to the above scheme is -0.35% to -0.1%, and the inner cladding radius r 3 is 7 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • depressed cladding relative refractive index difference of the range is eight 4 -0.6% -0.3%, depressed cladding radius to 4 R & lt 17-40 ⁇ m.
  • the range of the relative refractive index difference ⁇ 4 of the depressed cladding layer according to the above scheme is -1.0% to -0.4%, and the radius r 4 of the depressed cladding layer is 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the outer cladding layer according to the above scheme is a high-purity fluorine-doped quartz glass, and the outer cladding radius r 5 is 62.5 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the material of the fiber core layer according to the above scheme is a fluorine-doped material or a ruthenium-fluorine co-doped material.
  • the effective area of the optical fiber at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 1 10 150 ⁇ m 2 ; the attenuation value at a wavelength of 1550 nm is less than or equal to 0.180 dB/km.
  • the cable cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 1530 nm.
  • the optical fiber has a bending attenuation of less than or equal to 0.7 dB in a circle with a bending radius of 10 mm; at a wavelength of 1625 nm, the fiber is bent at a radius of 10 mm, and the bending is added.
  • the attenuation is less than or equal to 1.5dB; at the wavelength of 1625nm, the fiber is bent at a bend radius of 100mm with a radius of 100mm.
  • the attenuation is less than or equal to 0.05 dB.
  • the effective area of the optical fiber at 1550 nm is 110 to 140 ⁇ m 2 ; the attenuation value at the wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.175 dB/km or less.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1.
  • the relative refractive index of the core layer is close to that of pure quartz glass, and the loss caused by Rayleigh scattering is sufficiently reduced compared with the conventional SSMF, which is beneficial to the reduction of the fiber attenuation.
  • By designing a lower refractive index distribution of the inner core layer the optical power distribution propagating in the optical fiber is more flat, thereby increasing the effective area while maintaining the entire core layer size, and at the same time The splice loss of the fiber and the common SSMF is reduced.
  • the core layer is divided into two layers. The outer core layer maintains a proper relative refractive index difference, and the inner core layer is properly depressed.
  • the optical fiber of the present invention has a larger effective area and a relatively low transmission loss, and thus is particularly suitable for applications of long-distance high-speed large-capacity communication systems, such as in a submarine cable communication system or a long-distance terrestrial transmission system.
  • the fiber maintains compatibility with G.654 fiber and has very good bending performance, which is more conducive to the practical application of fiber-optic cable and fiber-laying engineering.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of an optical fiber of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a refractive index cross-sectional structure distribution diagram of an optical fiber of the present invention.
  • 3 to 7 are respectively a distribution diagram of a refractive index profile of an optical fiber according to several embodiments of the present invention.
  • the core layer and the cladding layer are included, and the core layer is divided into an inner core layer 1 and an outer core layer 2, and the outer core layer closely surrounds the inner core layer, wherein the relative refractive index difference of the inner core layer is smaller than the relative refractive index difference of the outer core layer , the inner core layer and the outer core layer are made of F-doped quartz glass or! ⁇ , Ge co-doped quartz glass composition, the relative refractive index difference of the outer core layer is greater than the relative refractive index difference of the cladding layer.
  • the fiber cladding layer comprises an inner cladding layer 3, a depressed cladding layer 4 and an outer cladding layer 5, wherein the relative refractive index difference of the depressed cladding layer is lower than the relative refractive index difference between the inner cladding layer and the outer cladding layer.
  • the present invention utilizes the PK2200 to test and confirm the optical parameters of the optical fiber, and test the additional loss of the optical fiber at different bending radii at 1550 nm and 1625 nm wavelength; measure the optical fiber attenuation by using OTDR, and then use the R9200 to optical fiber. The refractive index profile was tested.
  • the optical parameters of the optical fiber of the present invention can fully comply with the requirements of the ITU-T G.654 standard, and the bending performance is much better than G. 654 standard requirements, On this basis, the effective area can reach more than 120 square microns.
  • the invention can simultaneously optimize the two important performance indexes of effective area and bending loss as much as possible. This is extremely important for high-speed transmission of long-distance and large-capacity, and has excellent bending performance, which not only saves the laying cost of the optical fiber communication system, but also reduces the adverse effects on the performance of the communication system in the laying process, and has an important Value.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

一种大有效面积光纤，包括纤芯层和包层，其特征在于纤芯层分为内芯层（1）和外芯层（2），内芯层（1）的半径r1为1~4μm，内芯层（1）相对于外芯层（2）的相对折射率差Δ12为-0.2%≤Δ12＜0%，内芯层（1）相对于外芯层（2）的相对折射率差随半径增加不变或者递增，外芯层（2）的半径r2为4~7μm，外芯层（2）相对折射率差Δ2为-0.15%~0.05%；包层分为内包层（3）、下陷包层（4）和外包层（5），纤芯层外包覆内包层（3），所述的内包层（3）半径r3为7~20μm，相对折射率差Δ3为-0.5%~-0.1%，下陷包层（4）半径r4为12-40μm，相对折射率差Δ4为-1.0°~-0.3%，外包层（5）相对折射率差Δ5为-0.2°~-0.4%。该光纤具有更大的有效面积和相当低的传输损耗以及良好的弯曲特性，特别适合于长距离高速大容量通信***的应用。

Description

一种大有效面积光纤 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及光纤， 尤其涉及一种低衰减的大有效面积单模光纤。
背景技术
[0002] 随着国际通信业务的发展， 尤其是互联网技术以及 3G和无源光网络等技术的迅猛发 展， 通信***对光纤带宽的需求呈现出飞快的增长趋势。 在长距离、 大容量、 高速率传输的 通信***中， 通常需要用到光纤放大器技术以及波分复用技术， 尤其是在主干网和海底通信 中， 对光纤的无中继传输距离和传输容量有着更高的要求。 然而， 传输容量和距离的增长需 要更高的入纤功率和更低的光纤损耗来满足可分辨的信噪比需求。 而随着入纤功率的增大， 不可避免的要在狭窄的光纤芯层产生子相位调制、 交叉相位调制、 四波混频等非线性效应， 尤其会产生阈值较低的受激布里渊散射效应， 这些效应的产生使得***产生信号串扰， 或者 使***的信噪比降低， 从而无法继续提高传输容量。
[0003] 这些非线性效应的产生与光纤中的光功率密度尤其相关， 通常情况下， 采用较大的有 效面积可以降低光纤中的功率密度， 从而降低光纤中非线性效应的阈值， 提高传输功率。 然 而随着有效面积的增加， 光纤的 MAC值随之增大， 光纤会对弯曲更加敏感， 在实际使用中， 光纤因为弯曲而产生的附加损耗会造成光纤损耗的增加， 影响传输性能。 另一方面， 光纤损 耗越低， 同样的入纤功率能够传输的更远， 也能够提高光纤的传输容量。
[0004] 国际电信联盟 IUT-T在 2010年修订的 G.654标准中定义了一种截止波长位移的单模 光纤， 它的衰减水平小于 0.22dB/km， 其在 1550nm波长窗口的模场直径为 9.5-13 μ ιη， 相对 于标准单模光纤 SSMF ( standard single-mode fiber) ， 其模场直径提高了 1-2 μ m， 从而有相 对较大的有效面积，用于海底光缆能够有效的提高无中继跨段长度，然而其宏弯性能较 SSMF 有着比较明显的下降。
[0005] 专利 US6904218描述了以下的光纤结构分布： 该光纤结构包括中央纤芯、 中间下陷包 层和外包层， 并且有效面积在 1310nm波长处大于 80 μ ιη2， 且这种光纤在弯曲半径为 10mm 的宏弯损耗小于 0.7dB/圈， 其光纤衰减值仅为低于 0.19dB/km， 然而在其所有的实施实例中 有效面积在 1550nm窗口最高只有 131.2 μ m2。
[0006] 专利 US7254305描述了以下光纤结构分布： 该结构包括中央纤芯， 中间包层， 下陷包 层和外包层， 其在 1550nm波长处衰减小于 0.19dB/km。然而其结构分布中中央纤芯和包层的 折射率差值过高， 从而无法同时得到超过 100 μ ιη2有效面积， 同时由于其芯层折射率绝对值 较高， 需要较高的 Ge掺杂浓度， 造成光纤的衰减大于 0.185dB/km。
[0007] 一般来说， 通过下述方法能够提高光纤的有效面积。 一是增加芯层的几何尺寸， 芯层 的折射率高于包层， 光纤中绝大部分光都在芯层中传播， 芯层直径的增加， 直接增加了有效 面积， 然而芯直径的增加直接影响截止波长， 而截止波长必须小于通讯窗口波长， 因此芯直 径增加的幅度是有限的。 二是降低芯层的相对折射率， 这样使光场分布更加平坦， 从而增加 了有效面积， 同时还降低了截止波长， 但对光纤衰减有负面的影响。
[0008] 由芯层结构的变化和芯层尺寸的增加虽然带来有效面积的增加， 但也同时会使得光纤 的弯曲性能以及光纤衰减性能的恶化， 为顾及光纤的弯曲性能， 以上专利中光纤的有效面积 的增加值有限。 在所见专利中， 还没有见到有效面积大于 135 μ ιη2， 并且保持良好弯曲性能 的光纤。
发明内容
[0009] 为方便介绍发明内容， 定义和解释相关术语如下：
相对折射率差： 指光纤的各层折射率相对于纯石英玻璃折射率的比值减去 1得到相 对折射率差值。
[0010] 芯层： 光纤中间折射率较高的部分， 是光纤中主要的导光层， 本发明中芯层分为 2 部分， 包含内芯层和外芯层， 外芯层紧密围绕内芯层。
[0011] 内包层： 光线中紧密围绕芯层的包层部分， 它与光纤的下限包层相连接。
[0012] 下陷包层： 光纤包层中折射率最低的部分， 其相对折射率低于它周围的无论是芯层 还是包层， 光纤的下陷包层在光纤预制棒中一般由 PCVD工艺掺氟得到或者由掺氟的石英套 管构成。
[0013] 外包层： 光纤玻璃结构中最靠外的包层部分， 它与光纤的塑料包层相连接；
ri : 内芯层半径， 单位为微米 （μ ιη) ；
r2: 外芯层半径， 在本发明中即整个芯区半径， 单位为微米 （μ ιη) ；
r3 : 内包层半径， 在本发明中指下陷包层内壁内整个区域的半径， 单位为微米 （μ ιη) ； r4: 下陷包层半径， 本发明中指的是下陷包层外壁内整个区域的半径， 单位为微米 （μ ιη) ； r5 : 外包层半径， 即整个光纤半径， 单位为微米 （μ ιη) ；
Δ 12: 内芯层相对于外芯层的折射率差；
Δ ι : 内芯层相对于纯石英玻璃的折射率差；
Δ 2: 外芯层相对于纯石英玻璃的折射率差；
Δ 3 : 内包层相对于纯石英玻璃的折射率差； Δ 4: 下陷包层相对于纯石英玻璃的折射率差；
Δ 5 : 外包层相对于纯石英玻璃的折射率差。
[0014] 本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术存在的不足提出一种大有效面积 光纤， 在保持较低光纤衰减和良好弯曲性能的前提下获得更大的有效面积。
[0015] 本发明为解决上述提出的问题所采用的技术方案为： 包括纤芯层和包层， 其特征在于 所述的纤芯层分为内芯层和外芯层， 内芯层的半径！^为 1~4 μ ιη， 内芯层相对于外芯层的相对 折射率差 Δ 12为 -0.2% Δ 12<0%， 内芯层相对于外芯层的相对折射率差随半径增加不变或者 递增， 外芯层的半径 r2为 4~7 μ ιη， 外芯层相对折射率差八2为 -0.15%~0.05%； 所述的包层 分为内包层、 下陷包层和外包层， 纤芯层外包覆内包层， 所述的内包层半径 r3为 7~20 μ ιη， 相对折射率差△ 3为 -0.5%~-0.1%， 所述的下陷包层半径 r4为 12~40 μ m， 相对折射率差 Δ 4为
-1.0%~-0.3%, 最外层为外包层， 所述的外包层相对折射率差 Δ 5为 -0.2%~-0.4%。
[0016] 按上述方案， 所述的内芯层相对于外芯层的相对折射率差 Δ 12为 -0.1% Δ 12<0%。
[0017] 按上述方案 所述的外芯层相对折射率差 Δ 2为 -0.15% 0.05%， 外芯层的半径 r2为
5-7 μ m。
[0018] 按上述方案 所述的内包层相对折射率差△ 3为 -0.4%~-0.2%，内包层的半径 r3为 10~20 μ m。
[0019] 按上述方案 所述的内包层相对折射率差 Δ 3为- 0.35%~-0.1%，内包层的半径 r3为 7~15 μ m。
[0020] 按上述方案 所述的下陷包层相对折射率差八4的范围是 -0.6%~-0.3%， 下陷包层半径 r4为 17-40 μ m。
[0021] 按上述方案 所述的下陷包层相对折射率差 Δ 4的范围是 -1.0%~-0.4%， 下陷包层半径 r4为 10~20 μ m。
[0022] 按上述方案 所述的外包层为高纯掺氟的石英玻璃， 外包层半径 r5为 62.5 ± 0.5 μ m。
[0023] 按上述方案 所述光纤纤芯层的材料为掺氟材料或锗氟共掺材料。
[0024] 按上述方案 所述光纤在 1550nm波长处的有效面积为 1 10 150 μ m2;在 1550nm波长 处的衰减值小于或等于 0.180dB/km。
[0025] 按上述方案， 所述光纤的光缆截止波长小于等于 1530nm。
[0026] 按上述方案， 在 1550nm波长处， 光纤在 10mm弯曲半径一圈的情况下， 弯曲附加衰 减小于或等于 0.7dB ; 在 1625nm波长处， 光纤在 10mm弯曲半径一圈的情况下， 弯曲附加衰 减小于或等于 1.5dB ; 在 1625nm波长处， 光纤在 30mm弯曲半径 100圈的情况下， 弯曲附加 衰减小于或等于 0.05dB。
[0027] 按上述方案，所述光纤在 1550nm处的有效面积为 110到 140 μ m2; 在 1550nm波长处 的衰减值小于等于 0.175dB/km。
[0028] 本发明的有益效果在于：1. 芯层相对折射率与纯石英玻璃的折射率接近，与普通 SSMF 相比， 充分的降低了瑞利散射带来的损耗， 有利于光纤衰减的降低； 通过对内芯层较低的折 射率分布设计， 使光纤中传播的光功率分布更加平坦， 从而在保持整个芯层尺寸不变的情况 下， 增大了有效面积， 同时， 也使得这种光纤与普通 SSMF的熔接损耗降低。 2. 芯层分为两 层结构， 外芯层保持合适的相对折射率差， 内芯层适当的下陷， 这样能够在保持良好的衰减 特性和同样芯层直径的同时， 进一步的增大有效面积， 还能够降低截止波长。 3. 具有较深的 下陷包层， 能够在有效面积增大的情况下， 保持良好的光纤弯曲特性， 改善了由于增大有效 面积带来的弯曲性能的负面影响， 同时限制了光功率的分布范围， 使光纤中传播的功率集中 在光纤的芯层， 有利于光纤衰减的降低。 4. 芯层为 F和 Ge共同掺杂， 能够降低芯层的粘度， 使芯包的粘度失配情况得到改善， 有利于光纤衰减的降低。
[0029] 本发明的光纤具有更大的有效面积和相当低的传输损耗， 因此特别适合于长距离高速 大容量通信***的应用， 如应用于海底光缆通信***或者长距离陆地传输***中， 该光纤保 持了与 G.654光纤的兼容， 同时具有相当良好的弯曲性能， 更有利于光纤成缆和光纤敷设工 程的实际应用。
附图说明
[0030] 图 1为本发明光纤的径向截面结构示意图。
[0031] 图 2为本发明光纤的折射率剖面结构分布图。
[0032] 图 3~7分别为本发明几个实施例的光纤折射率剖面结构分布图。
具体实施方式
[0033] 下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明：
包括纤芯层和包层， 纤芯层分为内芯层 1和外芯层 2， 外芯层紧密围绕内芯层， 其中内芯层 的相对折射率差小于外芯层的相对折射率差， 内芯层和外芯层由掺 F的石英玻璃或者！^、 Ge 共掺的石英玻璃组成， 外芯层的相对折射率差大于包层的相对折射率差。 光纤包层包括内包 层 3、 下陷包层 4和外包层 5三部分， 其中下陷包层的相对折射率差低于内包层和外包层的 相对折射率差。
[0034] 本发明利用 PK2200对光纤光学参数进行测试确认， 并测试光纤在 1550nm和 1625nm 波长不同弯曲半径下的附加损耗； 利用 OTDR对光纤衰减进行测量， 再利用 R9200对光纤 折射率剖面进行测试。
[0035] 本发明所制备光纤的结构参数如表 1所示:
Figure imgf000007_0001
本发明所制备光纤的主要性能参数如表 2所示:
表 2. 所制造光纤的主要性能
Figure imgf000007_0002
从以上实施例， 可以说明本发明所述光纤的光学参数如模场直径、 截止波长和光纤损耗等方 面可以做到完全符合 ITU-T G.654标准的要求， 并且弯曲性能大大优于 G.654标准的要求， 在此基础上， 有效面积能够达到 120平方微米以上。 本发明能够同时将有效面积和弯曲损耗 这两个重要的性能指标达到尽可能的优化。 这对于长距离大容量的高速传输具有极其重要的 意义， 同时具有优秀的弯曲性能， 不但能够节省光纤通信***的敷设成本， 也降低了敷设工 程中对通信***性能造成的不良影响， 具有重要的应用价值。

Claims

利 要 求 书
1. 一种大有效面积光纤， 包括纤芯层和包层， 其特征在于所述的纤芯层分为内 芯层和外芯层， 内芯层的半径！^为 1~4 μ ιη， 内芯层相对于外芯层的相对折射率 差 Δ 12为 -0.2% Δ 12<0%， 内芯层相对于外芯层的相对折射率差随半径增加不 变或者递增， 外芯层的半径 r2为 4~7 μ ιη， 外芯层相对折射率差 Δ 2为
-0.15%~0.05%； 所述的包层分为内包层、下陷包层和外包层， 纤芯层外包覆内包 层， 所述的内包层半径 r3为 7~20 μ ιη， 相对折射率差 Δ 3为 -0.5%~-0.1%， 所述的 下陷包层半径 r4为 12 40 μ m， 相对折射率差 Δ 4为 -1.0%~-0.3%， 最外层为外包 层， 所述的外包层相对折射率差 Δ 5为 -0.2%~-0.4%。
2. 按权利要求 1所述的大有效面积光纤， 其特征在于所述的内芯层相对于外芯 层的相对折射率差△ 12为 -0.1% Δ 12<0%。
3. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的大有效面积光纤， 其特征在于所述的外芯层相对折 射率差 Δ 2为 -0.15%〜- 0.05%， 外芯层的半径 r2为 5~7 μ ιη。
4. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的大有效面积光纤， 其特征在于所述的内包层相对折 射率差 Δ 3为 -0.4%~-0.2%， 内包层的半径 r3为 10 20 μ m。
5. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的大有效面积光纤， 其特征在于所述的内包层相对折 射率差 Δ 3为 -0.35%〜- 0.1%， 内包层的半径 r3为 7~15 μ m。
6. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的大有效面积光纤， 其特征在于所述的下陷包层相对 折射率差△ 4的范围是 -0.6%~-0.3%， 下陷包层半径 r4为 17~40 μ m。
7. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的大有效面积光纤， 其特征在于所述的下陷包层相对 折射率差△ 4的范围是 -1.0%~-0.4%， 下陷包层半径 r4为 10~20 μ m。
8. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的大有效面积光纤， 其特征在于所述的外包层为高纯 掺氟的石英玻璃， 外包层半径 r5为 62.5 ± 0.5 m。
9. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的大有效面积光纤， 其特征在于所述光纤在 1550nm 波长处的有效面积为 110 150 μ m2; 在 1550nm波长处的衰减值小于或等于 0.180dB/km。
10. 按权利要求 1或 2所述的大有效面积光纤， 其特征在于在 1550nm波长处， 光纤在 10mm弯曲半径一圈的情况下， 弯曲附加衰减小于或等于 0.7dB; 在 1625nm波长处， 光纤在 10mm弯曲半径一圈的情况下， 弯曲附加衰减小于或等 于 1.5dB; 在 1625nm波长处， 光纤在 30mm弯曲半径 100圈的情况下， 弯曲附 加衰减小于或等于 0.05dB
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CN106772778A (zh) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-31 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 热致超大模场光纤

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