WO2014042262A1 - 難聴が生じにくいモデル動物 - Google Patents
難聴が生じにくいモデル動物 Download PDFInfo
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- hearing loss
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a model animal that is less prone to hearing loss.
- Fatty acid binding protein type 7 (fatty acid binding protein7: Fabp7) is one of the fatty acid binding proteins that bind to unsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and transport fatty acids into cells (Nature reviews Drug discovery. 2008; 7 ( 6): 489-503.).
- Fabp7 is expressed at a high level in the brain and is thought to be involved in the proliferation and maintenance of neural stem cells (Stem Cells. 2012; 30 (7): 1532-43.).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a model animal that is less prone to hearing loss.
- the present inventor found that when analyzing the phenotype of Fabp7 gene knockout mice, the onset and progression of age-related deafness were delayed in these mice. Histologically, degeneration of the cochlea with aging remained mild, and the loss of neurons, fiber cells, and hair cells was suppressed. Moreover, the knockout mice were also resistant to acoustic exposure and reduced transient hearing threshold increases after acoustic exposure as occurs in wild type mice. Thus, the present inventors have completed the following invention.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a model animal that is less prone to hearing loss and is a fatty acid-binding protein type 7 gene knockout animal.
- the deafness is age-related deafness, and a model animal in which the onset or progression of age-related deafness is delayed may be used.
- the deafness may be a noise-type hearing loss, and the model animal may reduce noise-related deafness.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for measuring hearing in the model animal according to aging.
- a further embodiment is a method of measuring hearing in the model animal after sound exposure.
- a further embodiment of the present invention is a screening method for a gene involved in age-related deafness, comprising the step of searching for a gene having a different expression from an animal causing normal age-related deafness in the model animal. Is the method.
- a further embodiment is a method for screening a gene involved in noise-induced hearing loss, the method comprising a step of searching for a gene having an expression different from that of an animal that causes hearing loss due to normal acoustic exposure in the model animal.
- the expression at the transcription level or the expression at the protein level may be used as an index.
- a further embodiment of the present invention is a method for screening a substance that is a marker for age-related hearing loss, wherein a compound having a different amount or concentration from the animal that causes normal age-related hearing loss is searched in the model animal. It is a screening method including a process.
- a further embodiment is a screening method for a substance that is a marker for noise-induced hearing loss, the method comprising a step of searching for a compound having a different amount or concentration in the model animal from that of an animal that produces normal noise-induced hearing loss. It is.
- a further embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a model animal in which the onset or progression of age-related hearing loss is delayed, wherein the production is characterized by suppressing expression of a fatty acid binding protein type 7 gene in an individual animal. Is the method.
- a further embodiment is a method for producing a model animal in which noise-induced hearing loss is reduced, wherein the method comprises suppressing expression of a fatty acid binding protein type 7 gene in an individual animal.
- a further embodiment of the present invention is a method for delaying the onset or progression of age-related deafness in a non-human vertebrate, comprising suppressing the expression of a fatty acid binding protein type 7 gene in the vertebrate. It is a characteristic method.
- a further embodiment is a method for reducing noise-induced hearing loss in vertebrates other than humans, the method comprising suppressing expression of a fatty acid binding protein type 7 gene in the vertebrate.
- a further embodiment of the present invention is a method for screening for a compound that delays the onset or progression of age-related hearing loss, comprising the step of detecting whether a candidate compound inhibits the expression of fatty acid binding protein type 7 Including.
- a further embodiment is a method of screening for a compound that reduces noise-induced hearing loss, comprising detecting whether a candidate compound inhibits the expression of fatty acid binding protein type 7.
- a further embodiment of the present invention is a marker for age-related hearing loss or noise-related hearing loss, which is a fatty acid binding protein type 7 gene.
- (B) Fabp7 knockout mouse (Fabp7 ( ⁇ / ⁇ )) It is a figure which shows the result of having investigated.
- a cochlea about (A to G) aged wild type mice (Fabp7 (+ / +)), (H to N) Fabp7 knockout mice (Fabp7 ( ⁇ / ⁇ )) 12 months old Histological analysis results, and (OP) 12-month-old and (Q-R) 15-20-month-old Fabp7 (+ / +) and Fabp7 (-/-) mice.
- FIG. 1 A to G aged wild type mice (Fabp7 (+ / +)
- H to N Fabp7 knockout mice
- Fabp7 ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) 12 months old Histological analysis results
- OP 12-month-old and (Q-R) 15-20-month-old Fabp7 (+ / +) and Fabp7 (-/-) mice.
- Fabp7 (+ / +) wild type mice
- Fabp7 hetero knockout mice Fabp7 (+ / -)
- ABR auditory brain-stem response
- Fabp7 (+ / +) wild type mice
- Fabp7 hetero knockout mice Fabp7 (+/-)
- Fabp7 knockout mice Fabp7 ( ⁇ / ⁇ )
- ABR auditory brainstem reaction
- ABR auditory brainstem response
- B the hearing threshold before acoustic exposure in the transient threshold rise (TTS) experiment
- C the acoustic in the TTS experiment.
- D shows the change in hearing threshold after 7 days of acoustic exposure in the TTS experiment.
- Fabp7 fatty acid binding protein 7
- the cause of deafness is not particularly limited, and even if it is age-related deafness due to aging, transient, long-term, and permanent deafness due to noise exposure (generally referred to as noise-related deafness in this specification) ).
- Hearing loss means that the hearing ability is significantly reduced for a sound of a certain frequency.
- Age-related hearing loss (senile deafness in humans) refers to bilateral sensorineural hearing loss that progresses with aging.
- a phenotype that a transient increase in hearing threshold due to sound exposure is reduced is observed, it can be used as a model animal in which noise-induced hearing loss is reduced.
- This model animal can be produced by suppressing the expression of Fabp7 protein in an animal individual.
- the kind of animal is not particularly limited as long as it has a cochlea in the inner ear, and examples thereof include vertebrates such as mice, rats, marmosets, monkeys, and the like as representative animals.
- the method for suppressing the expression of Fabp7 protein is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a knockout method for destroying an endogenous gene, a knockdown method using siRNA, and the like. In any method, it is preferable to suppress the expression almost completely.
- the tissue that suppresses the expression of Fabp7 protein may be the whole body, but the expression may be suppressed only in the cochlea of the inner ear.
- a substance (particularly lipid metabolite) that serves as a marker for hearing loss such as age-related hearing loss and noise-induced hearing loss can be screened by metabolomics analysis.
- normal age-related hearing loss is detected by CE / MS (capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry), LC / MS (liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry), GC / MS (gas chromatograph mass spectrometry), etc.
- the resulting compound can be a candidate for a substance that promotes or suppresses the onset and progression of deafness such as age-related deafness and noise-related deafness. Therefore, the onset and progression of deafness such as age-related deafness and noise-induced deafness Such substances can be screened by ensuring that they are promoted or suppressed.
- onset mechanism of deafness such as age-related deafness or noise-related deafness
- noise-related deafness further agents for preventing the onset of deafness such as age-related deafness and noise-related deafness and / or Or the development of a drug that delays progression can be expected.
- the method for suppressing the expression of the fatty acid binding protein type 7 protein is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a knockdown method using siRNA and the like. In order to suppress the function, an inhibitory antibody or a low molecular weight compound that binds to the active site of Fabp7 protein can be considered.
- the expression inhibitor which suppresses the expression of fatty acid binding protein type 7 protein, and the function inhibitor which suppresses the function are used as a preventive agent and / or progression delaying agent for hearing loss, particularly age-related hearing loss and noise-induced hearing loss.
- antisense nucleic acid, siRNA, miRNA, shRNA, aptamer, function-inhibiting antibody and the like can be exemplified.
- administration before hearing loss such as age-related deafness or noise-related deafness can prevent the onset of deafness such as age-related deafness or noise-related deafness. Even if hearing loss such as that occurs, administration from that point of time can delay the progression of hearing loss such as age-related hearing loss and noise-based hearing loss.
- the method of administration varies depending on the active ingredient of the preventive agent or retarder, and in the case of a nucleic acid preparation, direct administration by injection or the like is preferable, and in the case of a low molecular weight compound, indirect administration by oral administration or the like is preferable.
- the person should choose an appropriate administration method.
- the above-mentioned preventive agent and / or progression retarder for deafness such as age-related hearing loss and noise-induced hearing loss can be obtained by screening a compound that inhibits the function and expression of Fabp7 protein.
- the candidate compound is administered to cultured cells expressing the Fabp7 protein, and the expression of the Fabp7 protein decreases. May be detected.
- the compound may be a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound such as a nucleic acid.
- the marker for age-related hearing loss according to the present invention is the Fabp7 gene. In other words, by examining the expression level of the Fabp7 gene or the expression level of the Fabp7 protein, whether the onset and / or progression of age-related deafness progresses earlier or later than normal, or to what extent it progresses earlier than normal. , Delay or become predictable.
- the marker for noise-induced hearing loss according to the present invention is the Fabp7 gene. That is, by examining the expression level of the Fabp7 gene or the expression level of the Fabp7 protein, it is possible to predict how much noise-induced hearing loss occurs.
- the sample whose expression level is examined is not particularly problematic as long as the Fabp7 gene or Fabp7 protein is expressed, and may be a cochlea, but is preferably blood or urine for non-invasive purposes.
- Fabp7 protein is found in satellite cells in the spiral ganglion (SG), fibrocytes in the spiral limbus (SLim), and organs of the organ. : OC) expression was detected in feeder cells (inner phalangeal cell: IPC, outer border cell of Hensen: OBCH).
- FIG. 1 A, B and C in FIG. 1 were stained and photographed under the same conditions.
- FIG. 1 the expression of Fabp7 protein observed in Fabp7 (+ / +) was half in Fabp7 (+/-). It was confirmed that it was attenuated to a certain extent and disappeared at Fabp7 (-/-).
- FIG. 2 Fabp7 protein was expressed in old Fabp7 (+ / +) cochlea as in young mice, but its expression was also lost in Fabp7 ( ⁇ / ⁇ ).
- FIGS. 3A to 3N show an overall image and enlarged images of apical turn, middle turn, and basal turn in a 12 month old mouse.
- the number of fiber cells in the spiral plate edge (SLim) and the number of neurons in the cochlear ganglion (SG) were counted (FIGS. 1O-R).
- 3 slices per individual were measured for each rotation, and the average was calculated as the number of cells per unit area (1 mm 2 ).
- the number of Fabp7 (-/-) fiber cells is significantly greater than that of Fabp7 (+ / +) at the apex rotation at 12 months and basal rotation at 15 months after birth. It remained.
- the number of Fabp7 (-/-) neurons is more than the number of Fabp7 (+ / +) cells after 12 months of birth and 15 months of apical and middle rotation. Significantly more remained.
- Fabp7 (-/-) cochlear degeneration associated with aging remained in a mild state, and the loss of neurons and fiber cells was suppressed.
- FIG. 4A shows the outer hair cell morphology of Fabp7 (+ / +) 12 months old and FIG. 4B shows the Fabp7 ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) mouse 12 months old.
- FIG. 4C shows the loss rate (OHC loss) of outer hair cells.
- Fabp7 (+ / + mice the outer hair cell morphology is disrupted due to cell loss due to randomly occurring cell death (Fig. 4A), and in Fabp7 (-/-) mice, the outer hair cell morphology is It was confirmed that they are in order (Fig. 4B).
- the loss rate of Fabp7 (-/-) outer hair cells is quantitatively the same as that of Fabp7 (+ / +) at 7 months and 12 months after birth. Less than the loss rate of hair cells.
- hair cell detachment with aging was suppressed.
- Fabp7 (+ / +) had a high threshold of 32kHz, but Fabp7 (-/-) showed no increase in hearing threshold. It was.
- the hearing threshold increased over the entire range of sounds at Fabp7 (+ / +), but the hearing threshold increased at Fabp7 (-/-).
- Fabp7F (+/-) the hearing threshold was increased at an intermediate level between wild-type and homo-knockout individuals.
- the hearing threshold of Fabp7 ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) was generally lower than that of Fabp7 (+ / +). In, it was kept at a significantly low value.
- Fabp7 protein can be a quantitative marker that indicates the level of onset and / or progression of age-related hearing loss.
- Fabp7 knockout mice (Fabp7 (-/-)) 2 months old (9-12 weeks old), and wild type mice (Fabp7) (+ / +)) was subjected to acoustic exposure, and then the hearing threshold was measured using an auditory brain-stem response (ABR) to examine transient increase in threshold (TTS). Specifically, it is as follows.
- an anaesthetized mouse is placed in a wire mesh cage installed in a soundproof box (custom product, KAWAI), and a noise generator (SF-06, RION), frequency filter (3611, NF), power amplifier (D-75A, Crown) and loudspeakers (2446H, JBL) were overexposed under conditions of 8-10kHz band noise for 2 hours (AD) at 89 dB SPL sound pressure.
- KAWAI soundproof box
- SF-06, RION noise generator
- frequency filter 3611, NF
- power amplifier D-75A, Crown
- loudspeakers 2446H, JBL
- ABR was measured at five frequencies of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 32 kHz using the stimulation sound of tone burst after anesthetizing the mice with xylazine / ketamine before and after acoustic exposure.
- TTS transient threshold elevation
- ABR was measured before acoustic exposure (B), 4 hours after exposure, and 7 days after exposure, and the change in hearing threshold before and after exposure was calculated (C, D).
- the hearing threshold at 32 kHz was already increased at Fabp7 (+ / +) at the stage of 2 months of age (9-12 weeks old), but Fabp7 ( In-/-), there was no increase in hearing threshold. At other frequencies, no difference in hearing threshold was observed.
- the hearing threshold of Fabp7 (+ / +) was increased over the whole range, but at Fabp7 (-/-), the increase in hearing threshold was significantly mild at 8, 12, 16, and 32 kHz. (FIG. 6C).
- the hearing threshold improved in Fabp7 (-/-) to the same extent as before the exposure in Fabp7 (-/-), but the improvement in hearing threshold tended to be poor at 32kHz Fabp7 (+ / +) (Fig. 6D).
- the present invention has made it possible to provide a model animal that is less prone to hearing loss.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2012年9月13日付で出願した日本国特許出願2012-202027に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、当該基礎出願を引用することにより、本明細書に含めるものとする。
本発明における難聴が生じにくいモデル動物は、脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型(fatty acid binding protein7:Fabp7)遺伝子のノックアウト動物である。ここで、難聴の原因は、特に限定されず、加齢による加齢性難聴であっても、騒音暴露による一過的・長期的・永久的難聴(本明細書では、総じて騒音性難聴と呼ぶ)であってもかまわない。なお、難聴とは、ある周波数の音に対し、有意に聴力が低下することを意味する。
このモデル動物は、動物個体において、Fabp7タンパク質の発現を抑制することによって作製することができる。
ここで、動物の種類は、内耳の蝸牛を有するものであれば、特に限定されず、マウス、ラット、マーモセット、サルなどの実験動物を代表とする脊椎動物などが例示できる。
Fabp7タンパク質の発現を抑制する方法は特に限定されず、内在性遺伝子を破壊するノックアウト法や、siRNAなどを利用したノックダウン法等が例示できる。いずれの方法でも、ほぼ完全に発現を抑制することが好ましい。
Fabp7タンパク質の発現を抑制する組織は、体全体でもよいが、内耳の蝸牛においてのみ、発現を抑制してもかまわない。
このモデル動物を用い、聴覚を司る内耳の蝸牛を解析することにより、加齢性難聴や騒音性難聴などの難聴の発症メカニズムを解明することが期待できる。例えば、マイクロアレイ法によって、正常な加齢性難聴や騒音性難聴などの難聴を生じる動物と異なる発現を示す遺伝子の候補を探索し、実際に、転写レベル、又はタンパク質レベルでの発現を詳細に調べてFabp7の下流の遺伝子を同定することによって、難聴を生じる遺伝子ネットワーク、とくに、加齢性難聴や騒音性難聴などの難聴の発症および/または進行における遺伝子ネットワークを明らかにすることができる。
Fabp7遺伝子のノックアウト動物においては、難聴が生じにくい、特に加齢性難聴の発症ならびにその進行が遅れる、音響暴露による聴力閾値の一過的上昇が低減するという表現型が観察される。従って、ヒトまたはヒト以外の動物において、Fabp7タンパク質の発現や機能を抑制することによって、難聴を生じにくくすること、特に加齢性難聴の発症および/または進行を遅延させることや、音響暴露による聴力閾値の一過的上昇を低減させることができる。ここで、脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型タンパク質の発現を抑制する方法は特に限定されず、siRNAなどを利用したノックダウン法等が例示できる。また、機能を抑制するには、Fabp7タンパク質の活性部位に結合する阻害抗体や低分子化合物などが考えられる。
上述したような加齢性難聴や騒音性難聴などの難聴の発症予防剤および/または進行遅延剤は、Fabp7タンパク質の機能や発現を阻害する化合物をスクリーニングすることによって得られる。候補の化合物が、Fabp7タンパク質の機能または発現を阻害するかどうかを検出するためには、例えば、Fabp7タンパク質を発現している培養細胞に候補の化合物を投与し、Fabp7タンパク質の発現が低下することを検出すればよい。ここで、化合物としては、低分子化合物でもよく、核酸などの高分子化合物でもよい。
本発明にかかる加齢性難聴のマーカーは、Fabp7遺伝子である。すなわち、Fabp7遺伝子の発現量またはFabp7タンパク質の発現量を調べることによって、加齢性難聴の発症および/または進行が、正常より早く進むか、遅延するか、あるいは、どの程度、正常より早く進むか、遅延するか、が予測可能になる。また、本発明にかかる騒音性難聴のマーカーは、Fabp7遺伝子である。すなわち、Fabp7遺伝子の発現量またはFabp7タンパク質の発現量を調べることによって、騒音性難聴が、どの程度生じるか、が予測可能になる。
生後2ヶ月(図1)ならびに生後12か月(図2)のFabp7ノックアウトマウス(Fabp7 (-/-))、Fabp7ヘテロノックアウトマウス(Fabp7 (+/-))及び野生型マウス(Fabp7 (+/+))を4%パラホルムアルデヒドで灌流固定し、蝸牛を摘出した。同固定液で浸漬固定し、10%EDTAで脱灰の後、OTCコンパウンドに包埋し凍結切片を作成した。その後、抗Fabp7抗体(Kurtz et al., Development vol.120, p.2637-2649, 1994 )を用いて免疫染色を行った。
生後12ヶ月ならびに生後15か月のFabp7ノックアウトマウス(Fabp7 (-/-))及び野生型マウス(Fabp7 (+/+))を4%パラホルムアルデヒド(生後12か月)またはブアン固定液(生後15か月)で灌流固定し、蝸牛を摘出した。同固定液で浸漬固定し、10%EDTAで脱灰の後、OTCコンパウンドに包埋し凍結切片を作成した。その後HE染色を行い、内耳形態を評価した。図3A~Nに、生後12ヶ月のマウスにおける全体像、及び、頂回転(apical turn)、中回転(middle turn)、基底回転(basal turn)の各拡大像を示す。
生後7ヶ月ならびに生後12か月のFabp7ノックアウトマウス(Fabp7 (-/-))及び野生型マウス(Fabp7 (+/+))を4%パラホルムアルデヒドで灌流固定し、蝸牛を摘出した。同固定液で浸漬固定し、10%EDTAで脱灰した。ファロイジン・ローダミンにて有毛細胞を染色した後にコルチ器を摘出し、スライドガラス上にマウントした(surface preparation法)。頂回転における外有毛細胞(outer hair cell)数を測定し、予測される外有毛細胞数(内有毛細胞1個あたり、外有毛細胞は3個存在すると予測される)に対する欠損率を測定した。外有毛細胞10個×3列を一視野とし、3視野以上観察しその平均を算出した。図4Aに、生後12か月のFabp7 (+/+)、図4Bに生後12か月のFabp7 (-/-)マウスの外有毛細胞形態を示す。そして、図4Cに外有毛細胞の欠損率(OHC loss)を示す。
生後7ヶ月、12ヶ月、15-20ヶ月のFabp7ノックアウトマウス(Fabp7 (-/-))、Fabp7ヘテロノックアウトマウス(Fabp7 (+/-))及び野生型マウス(Fabp7 (+/+))に対し、聴性脳幹反応(auditory brain-stem response:ABR)を用いて聴力閾値を測定した(図5A~C)。キシラジン・ケタミンにて麻酔を施行したのち、tone burstの刺激音を用いて、4, 8, 12, 16, 32kHzの5周波数で聴力閾値を測定した。
本実施例では、生後2ヶ月齢(9-12週齢)のFabp7ノックアウトマウス(Fabp7 (-/-))、及び野生型マウス(Fabp7 (+/+))に対し、音響曝露を行った後、聴性脳幹反応(auditory brain-stem response:ABR)を用いて聴力閾値を測定し、一過性閾値上昇(TTS)を調べた。具体的には、以下の通りである。
Claims (18)
- 難聴が生じにくいモデル動物であって、
脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型遺伝子のノックアウト動物であることを特徴とするモデル動物。 - 前記難聴が加齢性難聴であって、
加齢性難聴の発症または進行が遅延する、請求項1に記載のモデル動物。 - 前記難聴が騒音性難聴であって、
騒音性難聴が低減する、請求項1に記載のモデル動物。 - 請求項1に記載のモデル動物において、加齢に従って聴力を測定する方法。
- 請求項1に記載のモデル動物において、音響暴露後に聴力を測定する方法。
- 加齢性難聴に関与する遺伝子のスクリーニング方法であって、
請求項1に記載のモデル動物において、正常な加齢性難聴を生じる動物と異なる発現を示す遺伝子を検索する工程を含む方法。 - 騒音性難聴に関与する遺伝子のスクリーニング方法であって、
請求項1に記載のモデル動物において、正常な騒音性難聴を生じる動物と異なる発現を示す遺伝子を検索する工程を含む方法。 - 転写レベルでの発現、又はタンパク質レベルでの発現を指標に検索することを特徴とする、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 加齢性難聴のマーカーとなる物質のスクリーニング方法であって、
請求項1に記載のモデル動物において、正常な加齢性難聴を生じる動物と異なる量または濃度を示す化合物を検索する工程を含む方法。 - 騒音性難聴のマーカーとなる物質のスクリーニング方法であって、
請求項1に記載のモデル動物において、正常な騒音性難聴を生じる動物と異なる量または濃度を示す化合物を検索する工程を含む方法。 - 加齢性難聴の発症または進行が遅延するモデル動物の作製方法であって、
動物個体において、脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型遺伝子の発現を抑制することを特徴とする作製方法。 - 騒音性難聴が低減するモデル動物の作製方法であって、
動物個体において、脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型遺伝子の発現を抑制することを特徴とする作製方法。 - ヒト以外の脊椎動物において、加齢性難聴の発症または進行を遅延させる方法であって、
前記脊椎動物において、脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型遺伝子の発現を抑制することを特徴とする方法。 - ヒト以外の脊椎動物において、騒音性難聴を低減させる方法であって、
前記脊椎動物において、脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型遺伝子の発現を抑制することを特徴とする方法。 - 加齢性難聴の発症または進行を遅延させる化合物のスクリーニング方法であって、
候補となる化合物が脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型の発現を阻害するかどうかを検出する工程を含むスクリーニング方法。 - 騒音性難聴を低減させる化合物のスクリーニング方法であって、
候補となる化合物が脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型の発現を阻害するかどうかを検出する工程を含むスクリーニング方法。 - 加齢性難聴のマーカーである、脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型遺伝子であるマーカー。
- 騒音性難聴のマーカーである、脂肪酸結合タンパク質7型遺伝子であるマーカー。
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