WO2014040806A1

WO2014040806A1 - Process and conditioning device for discontinuous provision of liquid carbon dioxide

Info

Publication number: WO2014040806A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/066739
Authority: WO
Inventors: Marc Sporing; Dirk Meyer; Marcel Brouns
Original assignee: L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude; Air Liquide Deutschland G.M.B.H
Priority date: 2012-09-13
Filing date: 2013-08-09
Publication date: 2014-03-20
Also published as: EP2708794A1

Abstract

The present application relates to a process for discontinuous provision and a conditioning device for discontinuous temperature control of liquid carbon dioxide and also a system for discontinuous processing of carbon dioxide comprising such a conditioning device. The process comprises at least the following steps : a) storing liquid carbon dioxide in a storage container (2 ), b) discontinuously transporting the liquid carbon dioxide out of the storage container (2), c) setting a pre-settable pressure of the transported carbon dioxide, d) setting a pre-settable temperature of the transported pressurized carbon dioxide in a heat exchanger (5) through which flows a secondary circuit medium, e) discontinuously feeding the liquid carbon dioxide having virtually the pre-settable pressure and the pre-settable, preferably constant, temperature to a consumer (15), wherein the secondary circuit medium can be either cooled or heated, and is cooled, in particular during and/or after, an interruption in transport. Using the present invention, it is possible after very long interruptions or in the case of very high ambient temperatures, to feed liquid carbon dioxide to a consumer under the optimum conditions.

Description

Process and conditioning device for discontinuous provision of liquid carbon dioxide

The present application relates to a process for discontinuous provision and a conditioning device for discontinuous temperature control of liquid carbon dioxide and also a system for discontinuous processing of carbon dioxide comprising such a conditioning device. In particular, the invention relates to discontinuous provision of liquid carbon dioxide for generating carbon dioxide snow which is used for cleaning surfaces of technical components.

Alternatively, the liquid carbon dioxide provided can be used for foaming polymers.

In these uses it is known to hold the liquid carbon dioxide centrally in a storage container. For instance, the liquid carbon dioxide is held, for example, in low- pressure tanks, at a pressure up to 22 bar and at an equilibrium temperature of approximately -16°C in the liquid state. The various consumers require the liquid carbon dioxide, however, under defined thermodynamic conditions deviating from that in the storage container, wherein a multiplicity of consumers can be supplied with the carbon dioxide from the central storage container. Thus, for example, in the generation of carbon dioxide snow for cleaning surfaces of technical components, liquid carbon dioxide is required ideally at a temperature of 15°C at 60 bar, that is to say at a temperature just below the boiling temperature at this pressure. It is therefore known to transport the liquid carbon dioxide from the storage container and bring it to the desired pressure. Then, the pressurized liquid carbon dioxide is heated to the desired temperature in a heat exchanger and fed to a consumer. This process is very efficient in continuous provision of liquid carbon dioxide. However, it has been found that in the event of an interruption in the provision, problems can occur in the processing of the liquid carbon dioxide. Such an interruption can occur, for example, in regular exchange of components that are to be cleaned or else during idle times during interruptions in operation, in such a manner that the interruption can also last some hours or days. During such interruptions, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the piping between the storage container and consumer can rise above the boiling point, and so bubbles can form in the piping. When the consumer is started up again, this relatively "warm" liquid or partly gaseous carbon dioxide can lead to different properties of the carbon dioxide snow, as a result of which a poorer cleaning result is achieved. In particular, in regions where the ambient temperature is relatively high, these problems occur regularly. It is therefore desirable to feed the liquid carbon dioxide to the consumer under the desired conditions at all times.

In addition, it is known to compress the liquid carbon dioxide to a desired pressure in a high-pressure tank downstream of the storage container and from said tank to feed it to the individual consumers. In this case, the pressure in the high-pressure tank, however, must be maintained at all times, which leads, in particular in operating pauses, to unnecessary energy consumption. It is therefore an object of the invention to at least partly ameliorate the problems described with respect to the prior art and, in particular, to specify a process and a conditioning device for discontinuous provision of liquid carbon dioxide, and also a system for discontinuous processing of carbon dioxide, in which liquid carbon dioxide can be fed efficiently to a consumer under pre-settable conditions at any time. These objects are achieved by a process, a conditioning device and a system according to the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the claims worded as dependent claims. The features listed individually in the claims can be combined with one another in any technologically logical manner and can be supplemented by illustrative substantive matter from the description, wherein further variant embodiments of the invention are demonstrated.

These objects are achieved in particular by a process for discontinuous provision of liquid carbon dioxide which comprises at least the following steps:

a) storing liquid carbon dioxide in a storage container,

b) discontinuously transporting the liquid carbon dioxide out of the storage container,

c) setting a pre-settable pressure of the transported carbon dioxide,

d) setting a pre-settable temperature of the transported pressurized carbon dioxide in a heat exchanger through which flows a secondary circuit medium,

e) discontinuously feeding the liquid carbon dioxide having virtually the pre-settable pressure and the pre-settable temperature to a consumer,

wherein the secondary circuit medium can be either cooled or heated. In particular, the cooling and heating shall proceed in a secondary circuit outside the heat exchanger using cooling and heating units provided therefor.

A discontinuous provision means the intermittent supply of the consumer with liquid carbon dioxide. The provision therefore proceeds with interruptions, wherein the interruptions can have a time period from a few seconds to some days. In process step a) the liquid carbon dioxide is stored preferably in a low-pressure tank for up to 22 bar at a temperature between -15 and -18°C, wherein the low- pressure tank is preferably provided with a separate cooling unit or is vacuum-insulated. In process step b) , in particular depending on the requirement of the consumer, the liquid carbon dioxide is transported from the storage container by means of the pump, preferably a compressed-air-operated pump, into a first conduit connected downstream in the direction of flow of the liquid carbon dioxide. The liquid carbon dioxide is transported through the first conduit into the heat exchanger and from there via a second conduit to the consumer.

In process step c) , the pressure of the carbon dioxide that is transported, that is to say in particular in the first conduit, into the heat exchanger, in the second conduit and in the consumer is elevated, in particular, using the pump, to a pre-settable pressure, preferably a pressure between 30 and 90 bar, very particularly preferably to a pressure between 55 and 70 bar. In this process, the pressure is kept constant using a simple pressure controller.

In process step d) , the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the heat exchanger is brought to a pre-settable temperature. In this case, the transported carbon dioxide flows through the heat exchanger from a first inlet to a first outlet and the secondary circuit medium flows through the heat exchanger from a second inlet to a second outlet. Within the heat exchanger, the liquid carbon dioxide and the secondary circuit medium are in heat contact via a heat-exchange surface. The temperature of the secondary circuit medium and/or the volumetric flow rate of the secondary circuit medium are set in such a manner that the liquid carbon dioxide has the pre-settable temperature at the first outlet. The secondary circuit medium is, in particular, part of a secondary circuit which, outside the heat exchanger, comprises a pump, a heating unit and a cooling unit.

The liquid carbon dioxide conditioned in the heat exchanger is fed in process step e) to a consumer, in particular a device for generating carbon dioxide for purifying component surfaces or to a device for foaming polymers. Here, virtually the pre-settable pressure and the pre-settable temperature means that, primarily, the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide can still change slightly on the path from the heat exchanger to the consumer, in particular in the second conduit, for example by heat introduction from the surroundings. Preference is given to a design in which the pressure differs from the pre-settable pressure by at most 1 bar and the temperature from the pre-settable temperature by at most 1°C [Celsius] . Very particularly preferably, the pre-settable temperature is a constant value.

The process therefore achieves that the liquid carbon dioxide which is held in a storage container and is optionally pressurized is present in a subcooled state, can not only be heated to a temperature immediately below the boiling temperature and corresponding pressure, but that the carbon dioxide can also be cooled. This is advantageous, in particular, when the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide was increased to a temperature above boiling point on the section between the storage container and the heat exchanger or the consumer. In this case, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the heat exchanger can be lowered to the optimum temperature required for the use. Therefore, the liquid carbon dioxide is present at the consumer at a constant temperature. It is therefore particularly preferred that the secondary circuit medium is cooled during and/or after an interruption in transport. The secondary circuit medium is cooled, in particular, before the restart of transport, in such a manner that the liquid carbon dioxide between storage container and heat exchanger which was heated during the interruptions to a temperature above the pre-settable temperature, is cooled back to the pre-settable temperature of transport to the consumer. Therefore, even immediately after the interruption to transport, optimum conditions are available for use of the liquid carbon dioxide at the consumer. It is also preferred that the pre-settable temperature is at most 4°C below the boiling point of the carbon dioxide at the pre-settable pressure, in particular at most 2°C below boiling point. Especially for applications which require liquid carbon dioxide at a temperature only immediately below boiling point, such a procedure is advantageous. In this case, the pre-settable temperature of the carbon dioxide can be achieved either by cooling or heating the secondary circuit medium.

Also, it is considered advantageous when the temperature difference between the pre-settable temperature and the temperature of the secondary circuit medium entering into the heat exchanger is at most 2°C. Preferably, the temperature difference is at most 1°C. The pre-settable temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide is present, in particular at the first outlet of the heat exchanger. This means, in particular, that during a change from heating to cooling in the case of a fixed pre-settable temperature, the temperature of the secondary circuit medium must be changed at most by 4°C, or 2°C. Correspondingly, the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger or the volumetric flow rate of the secondary circuit medium must be designed in such a manner that the pre-settable temperature of the carbon dioxide can be set.

Such a rapid change of temperature of the secondary circuit medium can be achieved, in particular, if the volume of the secondary circuit medium is at most ten times as great as the volume of the liquid carbon dioxide situated in the heat exchanger. Volume of the secondary circuit medium means the total volume of the secondary circuit medium situated in the secondary circuit, preferably of a brine. The volume of the liquid carbon dioxide situated in the heat exchanger is, in particular, as great as the volume which is defined by the conduit for the liquid carbon dioxide through the heat exchanger. In particular, in the case of a conduit which is implemented as a tube, the volume of the carbon dioxide is the (interior) volume of the tube in the heat exchanger. Such a volume of the secondary circuit medium can have the temperature thereof altered relatively rapidly in the case of a change from heating to cooling or vice versa.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the volume of the secondary circuit medium has a size of 10 1 [litre] to 300 1, very particularly preferably from 50 1 to 100 1. The mass flow rate of the carbon dioxide has a value of 20 kg/h [kilogram per hour] to 500 kg/h, very particularly preferably from 100 kg/h to 300 kg/h. The conduit constructed as a tube has a length of 10 m [metre] to 40 m, very particularly preferably from 20 m to 30 m for an outer tube diameter of 5 mm [millimetre] to 30 mm, very particularly preferably from 8 mm to 15 mm.

In addition it is advantageous when the temperature and/or the volumetric flow rate of the secondary circuit medium is set on entry into the heat exchanger in dependence on operating parameters of the consumer. The operating parameters of the consumer are, in particular, the operating times thereof. Therefore, the temperature of the secondary circuit medium can be set, even in advance, to the discontinuous transport of the carbon dioxide. Thus, for example, after a relatively long interruption of, for example, one day, the temperature of the secondary circuit medium can be cooled to a desired temperature just before restart of the consumer.

Following a further aspect of the invention, a conditioning device is proposed for discontinuous temperature control of liquid carbon dioxide, comprising a heat exchanger and a secondary circuit, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a first inlet and a first outlet for liquid carbon dioxide and a second inlet and a second outlet for a secondary circuit medium and the secondary circuit comprises the second inlet and the second outlet of the heat exchanger, wherein both a cooling unit and a heating unit are formed in the secondary circuit.

The secondary circuit therefore comprises all conduits and devices through which the secondary circuit medium flows in operation. In operation, therefore, the pressurized at least partially liquid carbon dioxide enters into the heat exchanger at the first inlet and exits from the heat exchanger at the first outlet, wherein the carbon dioxide is in heat contact with the secondary circuit medium in the heat exchanger, which secondary circuit medium enters into the heat exchanger through the second inlet and exits from the heat exchanger through the second outlet. The secondary circuit, outside the heat exchanger, is cooled with a cooling unit or heated with a heating unit. Such a conditioning device permits pressurized at least partially liquid carbon dioxide to be brought to a pre- settable temperature, independently of the temperature of the carbon dioxide at the first inlet.

According to an advantageous development of the conditioning device, the heat exchanger is dimensioned with respect to the heat exchange surface, to the volume of the secondary circuit medium in the heat exchanger and to the volume of the carbon dioxide in the heat exchanger, in such a manner that, in operation, a temperature difference between the pre- settable temperature and the temperature of the secondary circuit medium entering into the heat exchanger of at most 2°C, preferably at most 0.5°C, is achievable .

The heat exchange surface is the surface of the components which separate the liquid carbon dioxide and the secondary circuit medium and via which the heat exchange takes place. In the case of a tubular passageway of the liquid carbon dioxide through the secondary circuit medium, for example, the outer shell surface of the tube is a heat exchange surface. Should, as in a tube, an outer surface or an inner surface be able to be interpreted as heat exchange surface, in case of doubt, the larger surface is the heat exchange surface. With such a relatively high heat exchange surface area, it is possible that the temperature of the secondary circuit deviates only slightly from the pre-settable temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide on entry into the heat exchanger. Therefore, the temperature of the secondary circuit medium need be changed only relatively slightly on changeover from heating to cooling, in order also to be able to set the pre-settable temperature of the carbon dioxide. This can be achieved, in particular, when the volume of the secondary circuit is also relatively small. The heating unit can be implemented, for example, by a secondary heat exchanger through which flows a warm liquid, or preferably by a heating device. The cooling unit is implemented, in particular, by a third heat exchanger having a relatively cold cooling liquid, or preferably by an evaporator for evaporating a liquid. Preferably, the secondary circuit medium is a brine and the evaporator is an air evaporator via which the brine is cooled.

Following a still further aspect of the invention, a system for discontinuous processing of carbon dioxide is proposed, comprising a storage container for storing liquid carbon dioxide, a pump for transport and pressure elevation of the liquid carbon dioxide, a conditioning device according to the invention and a consumer, wherein the pump is connected via a first conduit to the first inlet and the first outlet is connected via a second conduit to the consumer.

The storage container is preferably a low-pressure tank for up to 22 bar, which, preferably using a cooling unit, or via vacuum insulation, stores the liquid carbon dioxide at a temperature between -15 and -18°C. The pump is preferably compressed air-operated, via which comparatively little heat is introduced into the carbon dioxide. In operation, therefore, the stored liquid carbon dioxide is transported out of the storage container via the first conduit to the heat exchanger and further to the consumer via the second conduit. The consumer is, in particular, a device for generating carbon dioxide snow for cleaning a component surface, or a device for foaming polymers.

Using such a system, at any time, the liquid carbon dioxide can be adjusted to optimum parameters for use by the consumer. According to an advantageous development of the system, the first length of the first conduit is at least five times the second length of the second conduit, very particularly preferably at least ten times, or even twenty times the length. This means that firstly the storage container can be arranged to be relatively far away from the consumer and that secondly, the conditioning device is arranged relatively close to the consumer. Therefore, the second length of the second conduit is relatively small in such a manner that a substantial influence of the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide does not take place between the heat exchanger and the consumer. The second length should be at most 5 m, preferably at most 2 m.

In this connection it is also preferred that exactly one storage container and a multiplicity of consumers and a multiplicity of conditioning devices are provided each of which are connected to the storage container. In this case, each conditioning device can be connected to exactly one or a plurality of consumers. The number of conditioning devices is preferably selected in such a manner that the second length of the second conduits is as low as possible from each heat exchanger to the consumer. Very particularly preferably, each conditioning device is connected to exactly two consumers . It is also considered advantageous if a temperature sensor is integrated in the second conduit. The temperature sensor is arranged in particular in such a manner that the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide is measured in the second conduit. On the basis of the temperature measurement in the second conduit, it is possible to examine whether the pre-settable temperature has been achieved and optionally the secondary circuit can be adjusted. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the system, the heat exchanger is dimensioned in such a manner that a temperature difference of 2°C between the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide and the first outlet and the temperature of the secondary circuit medium at the second inlet is sufficient to set the carbon dioxide to a pre-settable temperature which is at most 2°C below the boiling point of carbon dioxide at the pressure prevailing in the heat exchanger.

It is also considered to be advantageous if the volume of the secondary circuit is designed in such a manner that the entire secondary circuit medium can be changed by at least 3°C in no more than 5 minutes with a cooling power or heating power of 2000 to 9000 W [watt] , very particularly preferably within only 1 minute. As a result, when there is a change from heating to cooling, the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide can be kept at the pre-settable temperature without great delay.

A yet further advantageous embodiment of the invention envisages that a control unit is provided which is connected to the pump, the temperature sensor and the heating unit, the cooling unit and/or the consumer, and is installed and equipped for carrying out the process according to the invention. The details and advantages disclosed for the process according to the invention may be applied to and used in the conditioning device according to the invention and the system according to the invention, and vice versa .

The invention and the technical background are described in more detail hereinafter with reference to the figure by way of example. It must be noted that the figure shows a particularly preferred variant embodiment of the invention, but is not restricted thereto. In the drawing: Fig. 1 shows schematically an embodiment of the system

I according to the invention for carrying out the process according to the invention.

A system 1 for carrying out the process according to the invention comprises a storage container 2, a conditioning device 4 and a consumer 15. The storage container 2 is flow-connected via a pump 3 and a first conduit 16 having a first length 18 to the conditioning device 4. The conditioning device 4 is further flow- connected via a second conduit 17 having a second length 19 to the consumer 15. The conditioning device 4 comprises a heat exchanger 5 and a secondary circuit 6. The secondary circuit 6 comprises, in addition to the part of the heat exchanger 5 through which a secondary circuit medium flows, a heating unit 12, an evaporator

II and a secondary circuit pump 23. The entire space in the secondary circuit 6 that is filled by the secondary circuit medium has a volume 14. A second inlet 9 of the heat exchanger 5 and a second outlet 10 of the heat exchanger 5 are integrated in the secondary circuit 6.

The heat exchanger 5 additionally comprises a first inlet 7 for feeding liquid carbon dioxide and a first outlet 8 for removing liquid carbon dioxide. The first conduit 16 is connected to the first inlet 7 and the second conduit 17 is connected to the first outlet 8. In the second conduit 17 in addition, a temperature sensor 20 is integrated which is connected via a data line 22 to a control unit 21. The control unit 21 is further connected to the pump 3, the secondary circuit pump 23, the evaporator 11 and the heating unit 12, and also to the consumer 15. The heat exchanger 5 has a heat exchange surface 13 via which the heat exchange between liquid carbon dioxide and secondary circuit medium proceeds .

In operation, liquid carbon dioxide is transported from the storage container 2 by the pump 3 via the first conduit 16, the heat exchanger 5 and the second conduit 17 to the consumer 15. The pressure of the transported carbon dioxide in the conduit 16, the heat exchanger 5 and the conduit 17 is set in this case by the pump 3 in such a manner that it takes on a pre-settable value. In the heat exchanger 5, the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide is set to a pre-settable value. For this purpose, the secondary circuit medium is either heated with the heating unit 12 or cooled with the cooling unit 11. The pre-settable temperature of the carbon dioxide that is achieved is monitored by means of the temperature sensor 20.

During an interruption in the transport of the liquid carbon dioxide, it is warmed by the surroundings in the first conduit 16, in the heat exchanger 5 and the second conduit 17.

The present invention permits vaporized carbon dioxide to be condensed in the heat exchanger 5 as soon as in the first conduit 16 and optionally in the heat exchanger 5 by cooling the secondary circuit medium with the cooling unit 11. This thus ensures that, after restart of the consumer 15, liquid carbon dioxide is provided at pre-settable parameters. The pre-settable temperature is, in particular, only slightly lower than the boiling temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide at the pressure set. Using the present invention, it is possible after very long interruptions or in the case of very high ambient temperatures, to feed liquid carbon dioxide to a consumer under the optimum conditions. List of reference numbers

System

Storage container

Pump

Conditioning device

Heat exchanger

Secondary circuit

First inlet

First outlet

Second inlet

Second outlet

Evaporator

Heating unit

Heat-exchange surface

Volume

Consumer

First conduit

Second conduit

First length

Second length

Temperature sensor

Control unit

Data line

Secondary circuit pump

Claims

Process for discontinuous provision of liquid carbon dioxide which comprises at least the following steps:

a) storing liquid carbon dioxide in a storage container (2 ) ,

b) discontinuously transporting the liquid carbon dioxide out of the storage container (2), c) setting a pre-settable pressure of the transported carbon dioxide,

d) setting a pre-settable temperature of the transported pressurized carbon dioxide in a heat exchanger (5) through which flows a secondary circuit medium,

e) discontinuously feeding the liquid carbon dioxide having virtually the pre-settable pressure and the pre-settable temperature to a consumer (15), characterized in that

the secondary circuit medium can be either cooled or heated.

Process according to Claim 1, wherein the secondary circuit medium is cooled during and/or after an interruption in transport.

Process according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the pre-settable temperature is at most 2 degrees Celsius below the boiling point of the carbon dioxide at the pre-settable pressure.

Process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature difference between the pre-settable temperature and the temperature of the secondary circuit medium entering into the heat exchanger (5) is at most 2 degrees Celsius. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the volume (14) of the secondary circuit medium is at most ten times as large as the volume of liquid carbon dioxide situated in the heat exchanger.

Process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature and/or the volumetric flow rate of the secondary circuit medium is set on entry into the heat exchanger (5) in dependence on operating parameters of the consumer (15) .

Conditioning device (4) for discontinuous temperature control of liquid carbon dioxide, comprising a heat exchanger (5) and a secondary circuit (6), wherein the heat exchanger (5) comprises a first inlet (7) and a first outlet (8) for liquid carbon dioxide and a second inlet (9) and a second outlet (10) for a secondary circuit medium and the secondary circuit (6) comprises the second inlet (9) and the second outlet (10) of the heat exchanger (5) , characterized in that both a cooling unit (11) and a heating unit (12) are constructed in the secondary circuit (6).

Conditioning device (4) according to Claim 7, in which the heat exchanger (5) is dimensioned with respect to the heat-exchange area (13), to the volume of the secondary circuit medium in the heat exchanger and to the volume of carbon dioxide in the heat exchanger in such a manner that, in operation, a temperature difference between the pre-settable temperature and the temperature of the secondary circuit medium entering in the heat exchanger of at most 2°C is achievable. Conditioning device (4) according to Claim 7 or 8, wherein the cooling unit (11) is an evaporator (11) for vaporizing a liquid.

System (1) for discontinuous processing of carbon dioxide which comprises a storage container (2) for storing liquid carbon dioxide, a pump (3) for transporting and maintaining pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide, a conditioning device (4) according to any one of Claims 6 to 8, and a consumer (15) wherein the pump (3) is connected via a first conduit (16) to the first inlet (7) and the first outlet (8) is connected via a second conduit (17) to the consumer (15) .

System (1) according to Claim 10, wherein the first length (18) of the first conduit (16) is at least five times the second length (19) of the second conduit (17).

System (1) according to Claim 10 or 11, wherein a temperature sensor (20) is integrated in the second conduit (17).

System (1) according to any one of Claims 10 to 12, wherein the heat exchanger (5) is dimensioned in such a manner that a temperature difference of 2 degrees Celsius between the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide at the first outlet (8) and the temperature of the secondary circuit medium at the second inlet (9) is sufficient to set the carbon dioxide to a pre-settable temperature which is at most 2 degrees Celsius below the boiling point of carbon dioxide at the pressure prevailing in the heat exchanger (5) . System (1) according to any one of Claims 10 to 13, wherein the volume of the secondary circuit (6) is designed in such a manner that the entire secondary circuit medium can be changed by at least three degrees Celsius in no more than 5 minutes with a cooling power or heating power of 2000 W [watt] to 9000 W.

System (1) according to any one of Claims 10 to 14, which comprises a control unit (21) which is connected to the pump (3) , the temperature sensor (20) and the heating unit (12), the cooling unit (11) and/or the consumer (15), and is installed and equipped for carrying out the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5.