WO2014040499A1 - 检测装置及检测圆轴的外径、跳动值、真圆度的方法 - Google Patents

检测装置及检测圆轴的外径、跳动值、真圆度的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014040499A1
WO2014040499A1 PCT/CN2013/082536 CN2013082536W WO2014040499A1 WO 2014040499 A1 WO2014040499 A1 WO 2014040499A1 CN 2013082536 W CN2013082536 W CN 2013082536W WO 2014040499 A1 WO2014040499 A1 WO 2014040499A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tip
base
disposed
detected
cylinder
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PCT/CN2013/082536
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑青焕
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深圳深蓝精机有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳深蓝精机有限公司 filed Critical 深圳深蓝精机有限公司
Publication of WO2014040499A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014040499A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical detecting device, and more particularly to a detecting device and a detecting method which can be used for detecting an outer diameter, a runout value, a roundness, and the like of a shaft.
  • the prior art mostly uses parallel light, scanned parallel beam or expanded beam parallel light speed to illuminate the object to be measured, and the projection size is measured by the speed of light scanning occlusion time, or the measurement of parallel light occlusion position.
  • measurement methods are mostly semi-automatic: the inspector needs to hold the optical measuring instrument to measure the circular axis, and record the measurement data one by one, and the detection efficiency is very low.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a detecting device capable of quickly and accurately detecting the outer diameter, the jitter value and the true roundness of the shaft.
  • the present invention is achieved by providing a detecting device including a base, an optical measuring portion, a tip portion, and a PC-PLC control center; the optical measuring portion and the tip portion are slidably mounted on the base portion;
  • the PC-PLC control center controls the movement of the optical measuring portion and the tip portion relative to the base;
  • the base portion includes a substrate and two substrate guide rails disposed on the substrate; the two substrate guide rails are respectively It extends laterally and is disposed in the longitudinal direction;
  • the optical measuring portion includes an optical measuring instrument guide and an optical measuring instrument disposed on the optical measuring instrument guide rail; the optical measuring instrument is configured to measure the round shaft to be detected, And feeding back the measurement data to the PC-PLC control center, where the PC-PLC control center calculates the detection data of the to-be-detected circular axis according to the measurement data;
  • the optical gauge rail is laterally slidably disposed at the On the substrate rail;
  • the optical gauge is slidably disposed on the optical gauge rail;
  • the tip portion further includes a V-shaped support base; the V-shaped support base is slidably disposed on the top rail along a lateral direction thereof, and is located between the first top structure and the second top structure Supporting the round shaft to be detected.
  • the first tip structure and the second tip structure respectively include a housing, a cylinder guide rail, a cylinder, a cylinder telescopic rod, a tip, and a motor;
  • the housing includes a bottom plate, a base, and a fixed block; a sliding slot is provided on the top rail; the base is mounted on the bottom plate and slides with the bottom plate relative to the top rail; the base is provided with an opening; the fixing a block disposed on the bottom plate;
  • the cylinder guide rail is disposed on the bottom plate and extending along a lateral direction thereof; the base is slidably mounted on the cylinder rail; the cylinder is mounted on the base;
  • One end of the cylinder telescopic rod is located in the cylinder, the other end of the cylinder telescopic rod extends to the outside of the cylinder and is telescopically extendable through the opening on the base, and the said block is made through the fixed block a cylinder driving the base to reciprocally slide relative to the cylinder guide rail along the lateral
  • the fixing block of the first tip structure is located on a side of the housing adjacent to the top end of the first tip structure; the fixing block of the second tip structure is located in the shell a side of the body that is away from the tip of the second tip structure.
  • the tip includes an inner concave portion formed at a front end thereof and a limiting block replaceably disposed in the inner concave portion; the limiting block cooperates with the circular shaft to be detected.
  • the limiting block has a truncated cone shape for detecting a solid circular axis; the truncated cone shaped limiting block is provided with an inner groove, and the outer ring of the inner groove and the circle of the measuring core The chamfer of the shaft is matched.
  • the limiting block has a conical shape for detecting a hollow circular axis; the conical limiting block cooperates with an inner ring of the hollow circular shaft.
  • the detecting device further includes a loading mechanism, a blanking sorting mechanism and a robot mechanism; the loading mechanism grabs the round shaft to be detected, and places the detected round shaft into the blank sorting mechanism
  • the PLC-PC control center controls the grasping of the circular shaft by the robot mechanism, and controls the blanking sorting mechanism to perform cutting and sorting according to the measurement and classification results.
  • the robot mechanism is disposed on the substrate, and has two columns vertically disposed on the substrate and a beam mounted on the two columns, and a robot component is disposed on the beam along the beam Set the rail to slip.
  • the present invention also provides a method for detecting an outer diameter, a runout value, and a roundness of a circular shaft by using the detecting device described above, wherein the optical measuring instrument is generated according to a light emitted by the optical axis to be detected by the optical axis to be detected.
  • the shadow obtains the data, and is tangent to the edge of the circular axis of the vertical section of the light, to obtain the shadow spacing d, and the distance L1 or L2 is measured by the edge of the circular axis and the distance between each cut point of the light and the edge of the light; when the round axis to be detected is rotated at least After one week, the optical measuring instrument obtains data (d1, d2, ..., dn), (L11, ..., L1n) or (L21, ..., L2n), and the PC-PLC control center records and performs the data.
  • Calculation Calculate the outer diameter value of the circular axis to be detected by averaging (d1, d2, ..., dn); by calculating the maximum and minimum values of (L11, ..., L1n) or (L21, ..., L2n) The difference is obtained, and an axis jump value of the to-be-detected circular axis is obtained, and the average runout value of the to-be-detected circular axis is obtained by calculating a plurality of axis runout values; by calculating the maximum of (d1, d2, ..., dn) The difference between the value and the minimum value is obtained as a true circularity value of the circular axis to be detected. Calculating a number of true roundness values, the average roundness of the circular axis to be detected is obtained.
  • the detecting device of the present invention controls the movement of the optical measuring portion, the tip portion relative to the base through the PC-PLC control center, and adjusts the relative motion between the optical measuring instrument guide rail and the substrate guide rail and the optical measuring instrument and
  • the relative movement between the optical measuring instrument guides can quickly and accurately adjust the optical measuring instrument to a suitable measuring position, and at the same time, the first top structure and the second top structure are slidably disposed on the top rail in the first direction.
  • the round shaft to be detected is quickly and conveniently fastened or loosened. Therefore, the detecting device of the present invention can quickly and accurately detect the outer diameter, the runout value and the roundness of the shaft.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a detecting device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the detecting device of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the detecting device of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the tip portion of Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of another angle of the tip portion of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a tip portion in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a matching of a tip portion and a truncated block in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the cooperation of a tip portion and a conical limit block according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of a detecting device in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of another angle of the detection device of Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the principle of measuring the outer diameter, the runout value and the roundness of the circular shaft according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detecting apparatus 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the detecting device 100 includes a base 110, an optical measuring portion 120, a tip portion 130, and a PC-PLC control center (not shown).
  • the optical measuring portion 120 and the tip portion 130 are both disposed on the base portion 110 and movable relative to the base portion 110.
  • the base 110 can be used to mount the optical measurement portion 120 and the tip portion 130.
  • the base 110 includes a substrate 112 and a first rail or substrate rail 113 disposed on the substrate 112.
  • the substrate 112 has a lateral direction (illustrated as a first direction D1) and a longitudinal direction (illustrated as a second direction D2).
  • the substrate 112 has a rectangular shape
  • the first direction D1 is the longitudinal direction of the substrate 112
  • the second direction D2 is the width direction of the substrate 112.
  • the two substrate guides 113 are disposed on the substrate 112 in parallel and spaced apart from each other. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the two substrate guides 113 extend along the first direction D1 and are disposed in the second direction D2.
  • the optical measuring portion 120 includes a second rail or optical gauge rail 122 and an optical gauge 123 disposed on the optical gauge rail 122.
  • the two optical gauge rails 122 are disposed parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other on the substrate rail 113 and are movable relative to the substrate rail 113.
  • the two optical gauge rails 122 extend along the second direction D2, respectively, and are spaced apart in the first direction D1; in other words, the optical gauge rails 122 are perpendicular to the substrate rails 113. Both ends of each optical gauge rail 122 are mounted on the substrate rail 113, and each optical gauge rail 122 is movable relative to the substrate rail 113 along the first direction D1.
  • the optical gauge 123 is slidably mounted on the optical gauge rail 122.
  • the number of optical meters 123 can be adjusted according to actual use requirements, for example, one or more. When the number of optical gauges 123 is one, the number of optical gauge rails 122 can be changed to one accordingly. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the number of optical gauge rails 122 is a plurality of and disposed on the optical gauge rails 122, respectively.
  • the optical gauge 123 is slidable relative to the optical gauge rail 122 along the second direction D2.
  • the optical gauge rail 122 is perpendicular to the substrate rail 113 and is slidable relative to the substrate rail 113 along the first direction D1
  • the optical gauge 123 is slidable relative to the optical gauge rail 122 along the second direction D2
  • the tip portion 130 includes a third rail or a tip rail 132, a tip structure such as a first tip structure 133 and a second tip structure 135, and a V-shaped support seat 136 provided at both ends of the tip rail 132.
  • the top rails 132 are disposed on the substrate 112 along the first direction D1 and spaced apart from the two substrate rails 113 in the second direction. In other words, the top rail 132 is disposed in parallel with the two substrate rails 113, between the two substrate rails 113, and spaced apart from the two substrate rails 113.
  • the structures of the first tip structure 133 and the second tip structure 135 may be the same (such as the structure shown in FIGS. 4-5, or both of the structures shown in FIG. 6) or similar (for example, one adopts the structure shown in FIG. 4-5). The other uses the structure shown in Figure 6.)
  • the structure of the first tip structure 133 and the second tip structure 135 will be briefly described below by taking the first tip structure 133 as an example.
  • the first tip structure 133 When the first tip structure 133 adopts the structure shown in FIGS. 4-5, the first tip structure 133 includes a housing 1332, a cylinder guide 1334, a cylinder 1335 (shown in FIG. 7), and a cylinder telescopic rod 1336 (as shown in FIG. 7). ), the top 1338 and the motor 1339 are stepper motors.
  • the housing 1332 is slidably mounted on the tip rail 132.
  • the housing 1332 includes a bottom plate 13321, a base 13323, and a fixed block 13324.
  • the bottom plate 13321 is provided with a sliding slot 13325 that can cooperate with the top rail 132.
  • the chute 13325 extends along the first direction D1.
  • the bottom plate 13321 is slidable relative to the top rail 132 along the first direction D1 by the cooperation between the chute 13325 and the tip rail 132.
  • the base 13323 is mounted on the bottom plate 13321 and is slidable relative to the top rail 132 along the first direction D1 along the bottom plate 13321.
  • the base 13323 is mainly used to house the cylinder 1335 and the cylinder telescopic rod 1336.
  • a through hole 13327 is provided in the base 13323 for the cylinder telescopic rod 1336 to pass through.
  • the fixing block 13324 is disposed outside the base 13323 and is disposed substantially vertically on the bottom plate 13321. Above the fixing block 13324, there is a protruding block 13328 corresponding to the through hole 13327 on the base 13323.
  • the cylinder rail 1334 is disposed between the bottom plate 13321 and the base 13323.
  • the cylinder rail 1334 extends along the first direction D1 and is mounted on the base plate 13321.
  • the base 13323 is slidably mounted on the cylinder rail 1334 such that the base 13323 can reciprocally slide relative to the top rail 132 along the first direction D1 along the bottom plate 13321, and can reciprocate relative to the bottom plate 13321 along the first direction D1. .
  • the cylinder 1335 is mounted in the base 13323.
  • the cylinder 1335 may be mounted on the base 13323 by bolts or the like.
  • One end of the cylinder telescopic rod 1336 is located in the cylinder 1335; the other end of the cylinder telescopic rod 1336 extends to the outside of the cylinder 1335 and can be telescoped through the through hole 13327 on the base 13323 and to the protruding block 13328 on the fixed block 13324
  • the action is such that the cylinder 1335 can drive the base 13323 to reciprocally slide relative to the cylinder guide 1334 along the first direction D1 of the cylinder guide 1334.
  • the tip 1338 is disposed on the base 13323 and is movable along with the base 13323. As described above, the pedestal 13323 can reciprocally slide relative to the top rail 132 along the first direction D1 along the first bottom plate 1321 and reciprocally slide relative to the cylinder rail 1334 or the bottom plate 13321 along the first direction D1. Therefore, the tip 1338 is also The bottom plate 13321 can reciprocally slide relative to the top rail 132 along the first direction D1, and can reciprocally slide relative to the cylinder rail 1334 or the bottom plate 13321 along the first direction D1.
  • a coarse adjustment of the position of the tip 1338 can be achieved by controlling the sliding of the bottom plate 13321 relative to the top rail 132; fine adjustment of the position of the tip 1338 can be achieved by controlling the sliding of the base 13323 relative to the cylinder rail 1334.
  • the motor 1339 is disposed at one side of the housing 1332.
  • the motor 1339 can be mounted on the base 13323.
  • the motor 1339 can be coupled to the tip 1338 via a belt to drive the tip 1338 to rotate.
  • the structure of the first tip structure 133 is similar to that shown in FIGS. 4-5, the main difference being the position of the fixed block 13324 relative to the pedestal 13323.
  • the fixing block 13324 is located on the first side of the base 13323, and the other end of the cylinder telescopic rod 1336 extends to the first side of the base 13323 and the protruding block on the fixed block 13324 13328 interaction: the cylinder telescopic rod 1336 is extended in the cylinder 1335 such that the cylinder telescopic rod 1336 and the protruding block 13328 abut each other, so that the cylinder 1335 and the base 13323 and the tip 1338 thereon face the substrate 130 along the first direction D1.
  • the inner motion is used to tighten the shaft to be tested; the cylinder telescopic rod 1336 is contracted in the cylinder 1335 such that the cylinder telescopic rod 1336 and the protruding block 13328 are tightened to each other, so that the cylinder 1335 and the base 13323 and the tip 1338 thereof are along the first One direction D1 moves toward the outside of the substrate 130 to release the shaft to be tested.
  • the fixed block 13324 is located on the second side of the base 13323, and the first side and the second side are opposite sides of the base 13323.
  • the other end of the cylinder telescoping rod 1336 extends to the second side of the base 13323 and interacts with the raised block 13328 on the fixed block 13324: the cylinder telescoping rod 1336 extends in the cylinder 1335 such that the cylinder telescoping rod 1336 and the protruding block 13328 Abutting against each other, so that the cylinder 1335 and the base 13323 and the tip 1338 thereon move toward the outside of the substrate 130 along the first direction D1 to release the shaft to be tested; the cylinder telescopic rod 1336 contracts in the cylinder 1335 to make the cylinder expand and contract.
  • the rod 1336 and the protruding block 13328 are tensioned with each other, so that the cylinder 1335 and the base 13323 and the tip 1338 thereon move toward the inner side of the substrate 130 along the first direction D1 to tighten the shaft to be tested.
  • the shaft to be tested can be tightened or loosened by adjusting the positions of the first tip structure 133 and the second tip structure 135.
  • a V-shaped support seat 136 can be disposed on the top rail 132 and between the first tip structure 133 and the second tip structure 135 for supporting the circular shaft to be inspected.
  • the V-shaped support seat 136 is slidably disposed on the top rail 132 so as to be slidable along the top rail 132 in the first direction D1 to a suitable position to support the shaft to be tested.
  • the device can only detect defects of a type of round shaft.
  • the tip 1338 can adopt a concave top, that is, the tip 1338 includes An inner recess 13382 formed at a front end thereof and a limit block 13383 which is replaceably provided in the inner recess 13382 are formed.
  • the limiting block 13383 may be in the shape of a truncated cone for detecting the solid circular shaft 200a.
  • the truncated block 13383 is provided with an inner groove 13387.
  • the outer ring 13389 of the inner groove 13387 can cooperate with the chamfer 220a of the circular shaft 200a to be tested, and the chamfer 220a of the round shaft 200a to be measured is positioned. Rotate to get the corresponding data.
  • the limiting block 13383 can have a conical shape for detecting the hollow circular shaft 200b: the conical limiting block 13383 can cooperate with the inner ring of the hollow circular shaft 200b to drive the circular shaft 200b to rotate. .
  • the above-mentioned truncated cone-shaped or conical limiting block 13383 and the inner recessed portion 13382 are fitted with a Morse taper so as to be engaged and replaced by the limiting block 13383 and the tip 1338, so that the type and size of the limiting block 1338 can be replaced according to the to-be-detected round shaft.
  • the detecting device 100 further includes a PC-PLC control center (not shown), which can be divided into a calculating module and an analyzing module, and can control the movement of the above components according to the calculating and analyzing process.
  • a PC-PLC control center (not shown), which can be divided into a calculating module and an analyzing module, and can control the movement of the above components according to the calculating and analyzing process.
  • the detecting device 100 may further include a loading mechanism 140, a blanking sorting mechanism 150, and a robot mechanism 160.
  • the loading mechanism 140 and the blanking mechanism 150 are respectively located at two sides of the base 110.
  • the robot mechanism 160 is disposed on the substrate 112, and has two columns 161 vertically disposed on the substrate 112 and mounted on the two columns 161.
  • the beam 162 is disposed on the beam 162 and is slidable along the guide rail disposed on the beam 162 for grasping the round shaft to be detected from the loading mechanism 140, and the captured circular shaft to be detected is placed at the V
  • the type of support 136 is placed and the detected round shaft can be placed into the blank sorting mechanism 150.
  • the PLC-PC control center can control the gripping of the circular shaft by the robot mechanism 160, and can control the blanking sorting mechanism 150 to perform blanking and sorting according to the measurement and classification results.
  • the full automation of the round shaft from loading to sorting can be realized, the labor intensity of manual operation can be reduced, and the method is suitable for the case where the number of round shafts to be detected is large, which reduces the manual detection intensity and improves the detection efficiency.
  • the detecting device 100 may further include a display screen for displaying the detection result and the classification condition, which may facilitate the operator to classify the circular axis according to the result.
  • the present invention further provides a method for detecting the outer diameter, the jitter value, and the roundness of the circular shaft.
  • the position of the first tip structure 133, the second tip structure 135, and the V-shaped support base 136 on the top rail 132 can be adjusted by the above-mentioned coarse adjustment manner, and The position of the optical gauge 123 on the optical gauge rail 122 and the substrate guide 113 is adjusted to determine the detected position of the round shaft 200 to be tested.
  • the operator pre-records in the PC-PLC control center database or detects the standard bar data of the corresponding circular axis, and then sets the outer diameter, jitter, and roundness deviation value in the PC to determine the mechanical or manual after the detection.
  • the circular axis is sorted according to the range to which the deviation value belongs.
  • the to-be-detected round shaft 200 is placed on the V-shaped support base 136, the to-be-detected round shaft 200 is located between the first tip structure 133 and the second tip structure 135; at this time, the first tip The structure 133 and the cylinder telescoping rod 1336 of the cylinder 1335 in the second tip structure 135 extend or contract, interacting with the projections 13328 on the fixed block 13324, pushing the base 13323 and the upper tip 1338 along the top rail 132 toward the base 110 The middle is close together, so that the tip 1338 is just adjacent to both ends of the round shaft 200 to be detected, and the round shaft 200 to be detected is clamped.
  • the stepping motor 1339 on the side of the tip 1338 is rotated by the belt to drive the tip 1338, and the optical measuring instrument 123 measures the data related to the detecting round shaft 200, and feeds the data back to the PC. - PLC Control Center.
  • the optical measuring instrument 123 starts measuring the corresponding data of the round shaft 200 to be detected.
  • the optical measuring instrument 123 obtains data according to the shadow generated by the light emitted by the circular axis 200 to be detected, and tangentially points with the edge of the circular axis of the vertical section of the light to obtain a shadow spacing d.
  • the distance L1 or L2 is measured by the edge of the circular axis and the distance between each cut point of the light and the edge of the light.
  • the round shaft 200 to be detected Since the round shaft 200 to be detected is rotated for at least one week, data (d1, d2, ..., dn), (L11, ..., L1n) or (L21, ..., L2n) can be obtained, and the PC-PLC control center records and transmits the data.
  • the outer diameter value of the round shaft 200 to be detected is calculated by averaging (d1, d2, ..., dn).
  • an axis jump value of the circular axis 200 to be detected is obtained, and by calculating a number of axial runout values, it is determined that the axis is to be detected.
  • the average runout value of the circular shaft 200 By calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in (d1, d2, ..., dn), a true circularity value of the circular axis 200 to be detected is obtained, and by calculating a plurality of true circularity values, the round axis 200 to be detected is obtained. Average roundness.
  • the above average outer diameter value, axis runout value and true roundness value can ensure the objectivity of the detected data.
  • the data output form can be set in the PC-PLC control center, including excel or max, min, ave, cpk engineering capability reports, so that the tester can see the data of the detection round shaft 200 at a glance.
  • the stepping motor 139 stops rotating, and the cylinder telescopic rod 1336 expands or contracts, interacting with the protruding block 13328 on the fixed block 13324, pushing the base 13323 and the top tip 1338 along
  • the top rail 132 moves to the outside of the base 110, so that the tip 1338 is separated from the two ends of the round shaft 200 to be detected, that is, the round shaft 200 to be detected is loosened, and then the round shaft 200 to be detected is taken away.
  • the PC-PLC control center can compare and classify the data with the detection value range, and deliver the result to the display screen or the corresponding blanking sorting mechanism 150 to control the blanking point.
  • the sorting mechanism 150 completes the round shaft dispensing.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

一种检测装置，包括基部（110）、光学测量部（120）、顶尖部（130）和PC-PLC控制中心；其中基部（110）包括基板（112）和两基板导轨（113），光学测量部（120）和顶尖部（130）滑动安装在基部（110）上；光学测量部（120）包括光学测量仪导轨（122）和光学测量仪（123），光学测量仪导轨（122）滑动设于基板导轨（113）上；光学测量仪（123）滑动设于所述光学测量仪导轨（122）上；顶尖部（130）包括顶尖导轨（132）及滑动地设置在顶尖导轨（132）上第一顶尖结构（133）和第二顶尖结构（135）。PC-PLC控制中心控制光学测量部（120）、顶尖部（130）相对基部（110）的运动。还公开了一种采用上述检测装置检测圆轴外径、跳动值、真圆度的方法，通过光学测量仪（123）对待检测圆轴测量，并将测量数据反馈给PC-PLC控制中心，PC-PLC控制中心则可根据所测量数据计算出待检测圆轴的外径、跳动值和真圆度。

Description

检测装置及检测圆轴的外径、跳动值、真圆度的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种光学检测装置，尤其涉及一种可用于检测轴的外径、跳动值、真圆度等的检测装置及检测方法。
 背景技术
目前，随着工业的高速发展，为避免圆轴类零部件因外径、跳动值、真圆度波动过大在所应用的设备造成磨损或故障，因此，对圆轴部件的检测成为必要。在测量行业，现有技术多利用平行光、扫描平行光束或扩束平行光速照射被测物，对其投影尺寸进行光速扫描遮挡时间的测量，或平行光遮挡位置的测量。然而，这样的测量方式多为半自动方式：检测人员需手持光学测量仪器对圆轴进行测量，并一一记录测量数据，检测效率十分低下。
 技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供了一种可快速准确自动检测轴外径、跳动值、真圆度的检测装置。
 技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的，提供一种检测装置，其包括基部、光学测量部、顶尖部和PC-PLC控制中心；所述光学测量部和所述顶尖部滑动地安装在所述基部上；所述PC-PLC控制中心控制所述光学测量部、所述顶尖部相对所述基部的运动；所述基部包括基板和设于所述基板上的两条基板导轨；所述两条基板导轨分别沿其横向延伸，并在纵向上相间设置；所述光学测量部包括光学测量仪导轨和设于所述光学测量仪导轨上的光学测量仪；所述光学测量仪用于对待检测圆轴进行测量，并将测量数据反馈给所述PC-PLC控制中心，所述PC-PLC控制中心根据所述测量数据计算出所述待检测圆轴的检测数据；所述光学测量仪导轨横向滑动设置在所述基板导轨上；所述光学测量仪滑动地设置在所述光学测量仪导轨上；所述顶尖部包括顶尖导轨、第一顶尖结构和第二顶尖结构；所述顶尖导轨沿横向其横向延伸设置在所述基板上，并在纵向上与所述两个基板导轨间隔设置；所述第一顶尖结构沿横向其横向可滑动地设置在所述顶尖导轨的一端；所述第二顶尖结构沿其横向横向可滑动地设置在所述顶尖导轨的另一端。。
进一步地，所述顶尖部还包括V型支撑座；所述V型支撑座沿其横向滑动设置在所述顶尖导轨上，并位于所述第一顶尖结构与所述第二顶尖结构之间用于支撑所述待检测圆轴。
进一步地，所述第一顶尖结构和所述第二顶尖结构分别包括壳体、气缸导轨、气缸、气缸伸缩杆、顶尖和电机；所述壳体包括底板、基座和固定块；所述底板上设有与所述顶尖导轨相配合的滑槽；所述基座安装在所述底板上并随着所述底板相对于所述顶尖导轨滑动；所述基座上设有开口；所述固定块设置在所述底板上；所述气缸导轨设置在所述底板上并沿其横向延伸；所述基座滑动安装在所述气缸导轨上；所述气缸安装在所述基座上；所述气缸伸缩杆的一端位于所述气缸中，所述气缸伸缩杆的另一端延伸到所述气缸的外部并可伸缩穿过所述基座上的所述开口，并通过所述固定块使得所述气缸带动所述基座在所述气缸导轨上沿其横向相对于所述气缸导轨往复滑动；所述顶尖设置在所述基座上，并随着所述基座一同运动；所述电机设置在所述壳体的一侧，驱动所述顶尖转动。
进一步地，所述第一顶尖结构的所述固定块位于所述壳体的临近所述第一顶尖结构的所述顶尖的一侧；所述第二顶尖结构的所述固定块位于所述壳体的远离所述第二顶尖结构的所述顶尖的一侧。
进一步地，所述顶尖包括形成在其前端的内凹部和可更换地设在所述内凹部中的限位块；所述限位块与所述待检测圆轴配合。
进一步地，所述限位块呈圆台形，用以检测实心的圆轴；所述圆台形的限位块上设有内凹槽，所述内凹槽的外圈与所述测实心的圆轴的倒角相配合。
进一步地，所述限位块呈圆锥形，用以检测空心的圆轴；所述圆锥形的限位块与所述空心的圆轴的内圈相配合。
所述检测装置进一步包括上料机构、下料分拣机构和机械手机构；所述上料机构抓取所述待检测圆轴，并将检测完的圆轴放置到所述下料分拣机构中；所述PLC-PC控制中心控制所述机械手机构对圆轴的抓取，并控制所述下料分拣机构根据测量、分类结果进行下料和分拣。
进一步地，所述机械手机构设置于所述基板上，具有竖直设立于所述基板上之两立柱及架设于两所述立柱上的横梁，机械手部件设于该横梁上，沿所述横梁上设置的导轨滑移。
本发明还提供了一种采用上述所述检测装置检测圆轴的外径、跳动值、真圆度的方法，其所述光学测量仪根据其发出光线被所述待检测圆轴遮蔽后产生的阴影得到数据，以与光线垂直段圆轴边缘点作切线，得到阴影间距d，以圆轴边缘与光线各个切点与光线边缘间距测得间距L1或者L2；当所述待检测圆轴旋转至少一周后，所述光学测量仪得到数据（d1,d2,…,dn）、（L11,…,L1n）或者（L21,…,L2n），所述PC-PLC控制中心将所述数据记录并进行计算：通过对（d1,d2,…,dn）平均值计算所述待检测圆轴的外径值；通过计算（L11,…,L1n）或者（L21,…,L2n）中最大值与最小值之差，得出所述待检测圆轴的一个轴跳动值，通过计算若干轴跳动值，得出所述待检测圆轴的平均跳动值；通过计算（d1,d2,…,dn）中最大值与最小值之差，得出所述待检测圆轴的一个真圆度值，通过计算若干真圆度值，得出所述待检测圆轴的平均真圆度。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的检测装置通过PC-PLC控制中心控制光学测量部、顶尖部相对基部的运动，并且通过调节光学测量仪导轨与基板导轨之间的相对运动以及光学测量仪与光学测量仪导轨之间的相对运动，可将光学测量仪快速准确滴调到合适的测量位置，同时，第一顶尖结构和第二顶尖结构在第一方向上可滑动地设置在顶尖导轨上可快速、方便地加紧或松开待检测圆轴，因此，本发明的检测装置可快速准确自动检测轴外径、跳动值、真圆度的检测装置。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举较佳实施例，并配合附图，详细说明如下。
 附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例中检测装置的示意图。
图2为图1中检测装置的主视图。
图3为图1中检测装置的俯视图。
图4为图1中顶尖部的放大示意图。
图5为图4中顶尖部的另一角度的示意图。
图6为本发明另一实施例中顶尖部的示意图。
图7 为本发明一实施例中顶尖部与圆台形限位块配合的示意图。
图8为本发明一实施例中顶尖部与圆锥形限位块配合示意图。
图9为本发明另一实施例中检测装置的示意图。
图10为图9中检测装置的另一角度的示意图。
图11本发明测量圆轴外径、跳动值和真圆度原理示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图1所示为本发明一实施例中检测装置100的示意图。如图1中所示，检测装置100包括基部110、光学测量部120、顶尖部130和PC-PLC控制中心（未图示）。其中，光学测量部120和顶尖部130均设置在基部110上并可相对基部110运动。
具体地，基部110可用于安装光学测量部120和顶尖部130。基部110包括基板112和设于基板112上的第一导轨或基板导轨113。
基板112具有横向（图示为第一方向D1）和纵向（图示为第二方向D2）。在图1所示的实施例中，基板112呈矩形，第一方向D1为基板112的长度方向，第二方向D2为基板112的宽度方向。两条基板导轨113相互平行且间隔的设于基板112上。在图1所示的实施例中，两条基板导轨113分别沿着第一方向D1延伸，并在第二方向D2上相间设置。
光学测量部120包括第二导轨或光学测量仪导轨122和设于光学测量仪导轨122上的光学测量仪123。
两个光学测量仪导轨122相互平行且间隔地设置在基板导轨113上，并可相对基板导轨113运动。在图1所示的实施例中，两个光学测量仪导轨122分别沿着第二方向D2延伸，并在第一方向D1上间隔设置；换言之，光学测量仪导轨122垂直于基板导轨113。每一光学测量仪导轨122的两端安装在基板导轨113上，而且每一光学测量仪导轨122可沿着第一方向D1相对于基板导轨113运动。
光学测量仪123可滑动地安装在光学测量仪导轨122上。光学测量仪123的数量可根据实际使用需求进行调整，例如，可以为1个或多个。当光学测量仪123的数量为1个时，光学测量仪导轨122的数量可相应地改为一个。在图1所示的实施例中，光学测量仪导轨122的数量位多个并分别设置在光学测量仪导轨122上。光学测量仪123可沿着第二方向D2相对于光学测量仪导轨122滑动。
由于光学测量仪导轨122垂直于基板导轨113并可沿着第一方向D1相对于基板导轨113滑动，以及光学测量仪123可沿着第二方向D2相对于光学测量仪导轨122滑动，因此，通过调节光学测量仪导轨122与基板导轨113之间的相对运动以及光学测量仪123与光学测量仪导轨122之间的相对运动，可将光学测量仪123调到合适的测量位置。
顶尖部130包括第三导轨或顶尖导轨132、设于顶尖导轨132的两端的顶尖结构如第一顶尖结构133和第二顶尖结构135，以及V型支撑座136。
其中，顶尖导轨132沿着第一方向D1延伸设置在基板112上，并在第二方向上与两个基板导轨113间隔设置。换言之，顶尖导轨132与两个基板导轨113平行设置、位于两个基板导轨113之间并与两个基板导轨113间隔设置。
第一顶尖结构133和第二顶尖结构135的结构可以相同（如均采用图4-5所示结构，或均采用图6所示结构）或相似（例如一个采用图4-5所示结构而另一个采用图6所示结构）。下面以第一顶尖结构133为例简要说明第一顶尖结构133和第二顶尖结构135的结构。
当第一顶尖结构133采用图4-5所示结构时，第一顶尖结构133包括壳体1332、气缸导轨1334、气缸1335（如图7所示）、气缸伸缩杆1336（如图7所示）、顶尖1338和电机1339如步进电机。
其中，壳体1332可滑动地安装在顶尖导轨132。在图4-5所示的实施例中，壳体1332包括底板13321、基座13323和固定块13324。
底板13321上设有可与顶尖导轨132相配合的滑槽13325。滑槽13325沿着第一方向D1延伸。通过滑槽13325与顶尖导轨132之间的配合，底板13321可沿着第一方向D1相对于顶尖导轨132滑动。
基座13323安装在底板13321上并可随着底板13321沿着第一方向D1相对于顶尖导轨132滑动。基座13323主要用于收容气缸1335和气缸伸缩杆1336。基座13323上设有通孔13327，供气缸伸缩杆1336穿设。
固定块13324设置在基座13323外部，并大致垂直地设置在底板13321上。固定块13324上方有一凸出块13328，凸出块13328与基座13323上的通孔13327相对应。
气缸导轨1334设置在底板13321与基座13323之间。在图4-5所示的实施例中，气缸导轨1334沿着第一方向D1延伸，并安装在底板13321上。基座13323可滑动地安装在气缸导轨1334上，使得基座13323既可随同底板13321沿着第一方向D1相对于顶尖导轨132往复滑动，又可沿着第一方向D1相对于底板13321往复滑动。
如图7所示，气缸1335安装在基座13323中。在一实施例中，气缸1335可通过螺栓等安装在基座13323上。气缸伸缩杆1336的一端位于气缸1335中；气缸伸缩杆1336的另一端延伸到气缸1335的外部并可伸缩穿过基座13323上的通孔13327，并与固定块13324上的凸出块13328相互作用，使得气缸1335可带动基座13323在气缸导轨1334沿着第一方向D1相对于气缸导轨1334往复滑动。
顶尖1338设置在基座13323上，并可随着基座13323一同运动。如上所述，基座13323既可随同底板13321沿着第一方向D1相对于顶尖导轨132往复滑动又可沿着第一方向D1相对于气缸导轨1334或底板13321往复滑动，因此，顶尖1338也是既可随同底板13321沿着第一方向D1相对于顶尖导轨132往复滑动，又可沿着第一方向D1相对于气缸导轨1334或底板13321往复滑动。这样，通过控制底板13321相对于顶尖导轨132的滑动可实现顶尖1338位置的粗调；通过控制基座13323相对于气缸导轨1334的滑动可实现顶尖1338位置的精调。通过先粗调顶尖1338的位置然后再精调顶尖1338设置，可以快速、准确地将顶尖1338调整到合适的位置，既可提高测量的精度、节省时间，还可以避免由于顶尖1338运动速度过大可能导致的待测轴的变形或顶尖1338的变形或损坏等。
电机1339设置在壳体1332的一侧。在一实施例中，电机1339可安装在基座13323上。电机1339可通过皮带与顶尖1338相连，用以带动顶尖1338转动。
当第一顶尖结构133采用图6所示结构时，第一顶尖结构133的结构与图4-5中所示的结构相似，主要不同之处在于固定块13324相对于基座13323的位置。
在图4-5所示的结构中，固定块13324位于基座13323的第一侧，气缸伸缩杆1336的另一端延伸到基座13323的第一侧，并与固定块13324上的凸出块13328相互作用：气缸伸缩杆1336在气缸1335中伸展使得气缸伸缩杆1336与凸出块13328相互抵顶，从而令气缸1335及其上的基座13323、顶尖1338沿着第一方向D1朝向基板130内侧运动即用以加紧待测轴；气缸伸缩杆1336在气缸1335中收缩使得气缸伸缩杆1336与凸出块13328相互拉紧，从而令气缸1335及其上的基座13323、顶尖1338沿着第一方向D1朝向基板130外侧运动即用以松开待测轴。
在图6所示的结构中，情况刚好相反，固定块13324位于基座13323的第二侧，第一侧与第二侧为基座13323的相反的两侧。气缸伸缩杆1336的另一端延伸到基座13323的第二侧，并与固定块13324上的凸出块13328相互作用：气缸伸缩杆1336在气缸1335中伸展使得气缸伸缩杆1336与凸出块13328相互抵顶，从而令气缸1335及其上的基座13323、顶尖1338沿着第一方向D1朝向基板130外侧运动即用以松开待测轴；气缸伸缩杆1336在气缸1335中收缩使得气缸伸缩杆1336与凸出块13328相互拉紧，从而令气缸1335及其上的基座13323、顶尖1338沿着第一方向D1朝向基板130内侧运动即用以加紧待测轴。
通过调节第一顶尖结构133和第二顶尖结构135的位置即可将待测轴加紧或松开。V型支撑座136可设置在顶尖导轨132上，并位于第一顶尖结构133与第二顶尖结构135之间用于支撑待检测圆轴。在图1所示的实施例中，V型支撑座136可滑动地设置在顶尖导轨132上，从而可沿着顶尖导轨132在第一方向D1上滑动到合适的位置以支撑待测轴。
此外，为避免传统检测设备顶尖不能更换导致设备只能检测一类圆轴的缺陷，在一实施例中，如图7和图8所示，顶尖1338可采用内凹形顶尖，即顶尖1338包括形成在其前端的内凹部13382和可更换地设在内凹部13382中的限位块13383。如图7所示，限位块13383可以呈圆台形，用以检测实心的圆轴200a。圆台形的限位块13383上设有内凹槽13387，内凹槽13387的外圈13389可与待测圆轴200a的倒角220a相配合，以待测圆轴200a的倒角220a为定位进行旋转而得到相应数据。如图8所示，限位块13383可以呈圆锥形，用以检测空心的圆轴200b：圆锥形的限位块13383可与空心的圆轴200b的内圈相配合，以带动圆轴200b旋转。上述圆台形或圆锥形限位块13383与内凹部13382为莫氏锥度配合，以便于限位块13383与顶尖1338卡接与更换，从而可根据待检测圆轴更换限位块1338的种类和大小，这样使检测装置100可适应多种圆轴检测。
此外，检测装置100还包括PC-PLC控制中心（图中未示），其可分为计算模块和分析模块，并可根据计算与分析过程控制上述部件的运动。
在本发明的一实施例中，如图9-10所示，检测装置100还可进一步包括上料机构140、下料分拣机构150和机械手机构160。上料机构140和下料分拣机构150分别位于基部110的两侧；机械手机构160设置于基板112上，具有竖直设立于所述基板112上之两立柱161及架设于两立柱161上的横梁162，机械手部件设于该横梁162上，可沿横梁162上设置的导轨滑移，用于从上料机构140中抓取待检测圆轴，可将抓取的待检测圆轴放在V型支撑座136上，并可将检测完的圆轴放置到下料分拣机构150中。在图9-10所示的实施例中，PLC-PC控制中心可控制机械手机构160对圆轴的抓取，并可控制下料分拣机构150根据测量、分类结果进行下料和分拣，从而可实现对圆轴从上料至分拣的全自动化，减少人工操作的劳动强度，适用于待检测圆轴数量大的情况，其降低人工检测强度，提高了检测效率。
另外，检测装置100还可进一步包括显示屏，用以显示检测结果与分类情况，可便于操作人员根据结果对圆轴进行分类。
上述为本发明一实施例中检测装置100的具体结构，根据上述检测装置，本发明还提供了检测圆轴的外径、跳动值、真圆度的方法。
在检测开始前，根据待检测圆轴的长度可通过上述的粗调方式调整第一顶尖结构133、第二顶尖结构135、V型支撑座136在顶尖导轨132上的位置，同时通过上文中提到的方式调整光学测量仪123在光学测量仪导轨122和基板导轨113上的位置以确定待测圆轴200的检测位置。操作人员预先在PC-PLC控制中心数据库中录入或通过检测相应圆轴的标准棒数据，再在PC中设定外径、跳动、真圆度偏差值分料范围，以确定检测后机械或者人工根据偏差值属于的范围对圆轴进行分选。
如图1-3所示，当待检测圆轴200放置到V型支撑座136上时，待检测圆轴200位于第一顶尖结构133与第二顶尖结构135之间；此时，第一顶尖结构133与第二顶尖结构135中的气缸1335的气缸伸缩杆1336伸展或紧缩，与固定块13324上的凸出块13328相互作用，推动基座13323及上方的顶尖1338沿顶尖导轨132往基部110中间靠拢，使顶尖1338恰与待检测圆轴200的两端顶接即将待检测圆轴200夹紧。当顶尖1338与待检测圆轴200顶接后，在顶尖1338一侧的步进电机1339通过皮带带动顶尖1338转动，光学测量仪123对待检测圆轴200相关数据进行测量，并将数据反馈给PC-PLC控制中心。
在测量过程中，如图11所示，当待检测圆轴200开始转动后，光学测量仪123开始测量待检测圆轴200相应数据。光学测量仪123根据其发出光线被待检测圆轴200遮蔽后产生的阴影得到数据，以与光线垂直段圆轴边缘点作切线，得到阴影间距d。以圆轴边缘与光线各个切点与光线边缘间距测得间距L1或者L2。因为待检测圆轴200旋转至少一周，故可得到数据（d1,d2,…,dn）、（L11,…,L1n）或者（L21,…,L2n），PC-PLC控制中心将数据记录并输送至计算模块。通过对（d1,d2,…,dn）平均值计算待检测圆轴200的外径值。通过计算（L11,…,L1n）或者（L21,…,L2n）中最大值与最小值之差，得出待检测圆轴200的一个轴跳动值，通过计算若干轴跳动值，得出待检测圆轴200的平均跳动值。通过计算（d1,d2,…,dn）中最大值与最小值之差，得出待检测圆轴200的一个真圆度值，通过计算若干真圆度值，得出待检测圆轴200的平均真圆度。上述平均外径值、轴跳动值和真圆度值可保证检测数据的客观性。此外，在PC-PLC控制中心中可设置数据输出形式包括excel或者max、min、ave、cpk工程能力报表使检测人员对待检测圆轴200的数据一目了然。
待一根待检测圆轴200检测完毕后，步进电机139停止转动，气缸伸缩杆1336伸展或紧缩,与固定块13324上的凸出块13328相互作用，推动基座13323及上方的顶尖1338沿顶尖导轨132往基部110外侧运动，使顶尖1338恰与待检测圆轴200的两端分离即将待检测圆轴200松开，然后将待检测圆轴200取走。由于在检测开始前已预设检测数值分类范围，PC-PLC控制中心可将数据与检测数值范围比较、分类，并将结果输送至显示屏或相应的下料分拣机构150，控制下料分拣机构150完成圆轴分料。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种检测装置，其特征在于，其包括基部、光学测量部、顶尖部和PC-PLC控制中心；所述光学测量部和所述顶尖部滑动地安装在所述基部上；所述PC-PLC控制中心控制所述光学测量部、所述顶尖部相对所述基部的运动；所述基部包括基板和设于所述基板上的两条基板导轨；所述两条基板导轨分别沿其横向延伸，并在纵向上相间设置；所述光学测量部包括光学测量仪导轨和设于所述光学测量仪导轨上的光学测量仪；所述光学测量仪用于对待检测圆轴进行测量，并将测量数据反馈给所述PC-PLC控制中心，所述PC-PLC控制中心根据所述测量数据计算出所述待检测圆轴的检测数据；所述光学测量仪导轨横向滑动设置在所述基板导轨上；所述光学测量仪滑动地设置在所述光学测量仪导轨上；所述顶尖部包括顶尖导轨、第一顶尖结构和第二顶尖结构；所述顶尖导轨沿横向其横向延伸设置在所述基板上，并在纵向上与所述两个基板导轨间隔设置；所述第一顶尖结构沿横向其横向可滑动地设置在所述顶尖导轨的一端；所述第二顶尖结构沿其横向横向可滑动地设置在所述顶尖导轨的另一端。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述顶尖部还包括V型支撑座；所述V型支撑座沿其横向滑动设置在所述顶尖导轨上，并位于所述第一顶尖结构与所述第二顶尖结构之间用于支撑所述待检测圆轴。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述第一顶尖结构和所述第二顶尖结构分别包括壳体、气缸导轨、气缸、气缸伸缩杆、顶尖和电机；所述壳体包括底板、基座和固定块；所述底板上设有与所述顶尖导轨相配合的滑槽；所述基座安装在所述底板上并随着所述底板相对于所述顶尖导轨滑动；所述基座上设有开口；所述固定块设置在所述底板上；所述气缸导轨设置在所述底板上并沿其横向延伸；所述基座滑动安装在所述气缸导轨上；所述气缸安装在所述基座上；所述气缸伸缩杆的一端位于所述气缸中，所述气缸伸缩杆的另一端延伸到所述气缸的外部并可伸缩穿过所述基座上的所述开口，并通过所述固定块使得所述气缸带动所述基座在所述气缸导轨上沿其横向相对于所述气缸导轨往复滑动；所述顶尖设置在所述基座上，并随着所述基座一同运动；所述电机设置在所述壳体的一侧，驱动所述顶尖转动。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述第一顶尖结构的所述固定块位于所述壳体的临近所述第一顶尖结构的所述顶尖的一侧；所述第二顶尖结构的所述固定块位于所述壳体的远离所述第二顶尖结构的所述顶尖的一侧。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任何一项所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述顶尖包括形成在其前端的内凹部和可更换地设在所述内凹部中的限位块；所述限位块与所述待检测圆轴配合。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述限位块呈圆台形，用以检测实心的圆轴；所述圆台形的限位块上设有内凹槽，所述内凹槽的外圈与所述测实心的圆轴的倒角相配合。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述限位块呈圆锥形，用以检测空心的圆轴；所述圆锥形的限位块与所述空心的圆轴的内圈相配合。
  8. 如权利要求1至4中任何一项所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述检测装置进一步包括上料机构、下料分拣机构和机械手机构；所述上料机构抓取所述待检测圆轴，并将检测完的圆轴放置到所述下料分拣机构中；所述PLC-PC控制中心控制所述机械手机构对圆轴的抓取，并控制所述下料分拣机构根据测量、分类结果进行下料和分拣。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的检测装置，其特征在于，所述机械手机构设置于所述基板上，具有竖直设立于所述基板上之两立柱及架设于两所述立柱上的横梁，机械手部件设于该横梁上，沿所述横梁上设置的导轨滑移。
  10. 一种采用权利要求1至9任何一项所述检测装置检测圆轴的外径、跳动值、真圆度的方法，其特征在于，所述光学测量仪根据其发出光线被所述待检测圆轴遮蔽后产生的阴影得到数据，以与光线垂直段圆轴边缘点作切线，得到阴影间距d，以圆轴边缘与光线各个切点与光线边缘间距测得间距L1或者L2；当所述待检测圆轴旋转至少一周后，所述光学测量仪得到数据（d1,d2,…,dn）、（L11,…,L1n）或者（L21,…,L2n），所述PC-PLC控制中心将所述数据记录并进行计算：通过对（d1,d2,…,dn）平均值计算所述待检测圆轴的外径值；通过计算（L11,…,L1n）或者（L21,…,L2n）中最大值与最小值之差，得出所述待检测圆轴的一个轴跳动值，通过计算若干轴跳动值，得出所述待检测圆轴的平均跳动值；通过计算（d1,d2,…,dn）中最大值与最小值之差，得出所述待检测圆轴的一个真圆度值，通过计算若干真圆度值，得出所述待检测圆轴的平均真圆度。
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