WO2014017141A1 - 充電装置 - Google Patents
充電装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014017141A1 WO2014017141A1 PCT/JP2013/062702 JP2013062702W WO2014017141A1 WO 2014017141 A1 WO2014017141 A1 WO 2014017141A1 JP 2013062702 W JP2013062702 W JP 2013062702W WO 2014017141 A1 WO2014017141 A1 WO 2014017141A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- charging
- decrease
- power
- voltage
- current
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000145845 chattering Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charging device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for efficiently charging a storage battery with a solar battery with a simple configuration by detecting the charging current of the storage battery with a voltmeter and controlling the switch so that the charging current is maximized. Has been.
- Patent Document 2 includes a charging path from the output side of the power conditioner to the storage battery separately from the discharge path from the storage battery to the input side of the power conditioner via the discharge diode and relay. A technology that enables charging from a solar battery even during system operation is disclosed.
- the inverter has a self-sustaining operation function. If this self-sustaining operation function is used, AC power of about 1.5 kW at maximum can be used during the daytime even during long-term power outages. Can be obtained. For this reason, it is also conceivable to charge the storage battery by using this self-sustaining operation function.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a charging device that can sufficiently charge a storage battery even during a self-sustaining operation of a power conditioner.
- the present invention provides an increase / decrease unit for increasing / decreasing a charging current to the storage battery in a charging device capable of charging the storage battery with electric power supplied from an independent operation outlet of a power conditioner having an independent operation function.
- Detecting means for detecting a temporal change in voltage or current supplied from the power generation power source to the power conditioner, and increasing the charging current over time by the increase / decrease means, and detecting the detection means by the detecting means.
- the temporal decrease amount of the voltage or current is smaller than a predetermined threshold value
- the increase of the charging current by the increase / decrease means is continued, and when the temporal decrease amount of the voltage or current is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold value
- Control means for performing control to reduce the charging current by a predetermined amount by the increase / decrease means. According to such a structure, it becomes possible to fully charge a storage battery also at the time of a self-sustained operation.
- an aspect of the invention is that the power generation power source is a solar battery, and the control unit controls a charging current supplied from the solar battery to the storage battery via the power conditioner. It is characterized by that. According to such a structure, even if it is a solar cell which changes every moment according to a sunshine state, a storage battery can fully be charged.
- control means has a reduction rate obtained by dividing the temporal reduction amount of the voltage or current by the voltage value or the current value being smaller than a predetermined threshold value.
- the increase / decrease means continues to increase the charging current, and when the decrease rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the increase / decrease means decreases the charging current by a predetermined amount. According to such a configuration, it is possible to reliably prevent the power conditioner from shutting down by referring to the rate of decrease in voltage or current.
- the detection means inputs the voltage or current from the power generation power source through circuits having two different time constants, and outputs of these two circuits. To detect the temporal decrease amount or temporal decrease rate of the voltage or current. According to such a configuration, it is possible to reliably detect the time decrease amount or the time decrease rate of the voltage with a simple circuit configuration.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a delta V determination circuit illustrated in FIG. 1. It is a table
- FIG. 1 shows an overall image of a system in which a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention and a solar power generation device are combined.
- the solar power generation device 10 is generally configured in cooperation with the commercial power supply system 1, and the charging device 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the commercial power supply system 1 and the solar power generation device. Connect to 10 and use.
- the solar power generation device 10 includes an interconnection breaker 11, a power conditioner 12, a connection box 13, and a solar cell 14. Further, the charging device 20 includes a delta V determination circuit 21, a charging control circuit 22, a storage battery 23, an AC-DC inverter 24, and a DC-AC inverter 25.
- the commercial power supply system 1 includes a wattmeter 2 and a distribution board 3.
- the wattmeter 2 of the commercial power supply system 1 measures and displays the amount of power supplied (purchased) from the commercial power supply or the amount of power supplied (sold) from the photovoltaic power generator 10 to the commercial power supply.
- the distribution board 3 has a shut-off device that distributes the power supplied from the commercial power source or the power conditioner 12 to each load, and shuts off the power when the power consumption of each load exceeds a specified value. .
- the interconnection breaker 11 of the solar power generation device 10 connects the solar power generation device 10 to the commercial power supply system 1 in the on state, and disconnects the solar power generation device 10 from the commercial power supply system 1 in the off state.
- the power conditioner 12 converts the DC power generated by the solar cell 14 into AC power having the same voltage (for example, 100 V), the same frequency (for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) and the same phase as the commercial power supply. Further, the power conditioner 12 generally has a self-sustaining operation function of converting the DC power generated by the solar cell 14 into AC power and outputting it from the self-sustaining operation outlet 12a regardless of the commercial power source. . As a result, even if the commercial power supply is out of power, the operation unit (not shown) of the power conditioner 12 is set to the self-sustaining operation mode, and the load is connected to the self-sustained operation outlet 12a. The maximum power of about 1.5 kW can be supplied. In the example of FIG. 1, the power plug 26 of the charging device 20 can be connected to the independent operation outlet 12 a.
- connection box 13 integrates the DC power generated by each panel of the solar cell 14 composed of a plurality of panels, and supplies it to the power conditioner 12.
- the solar cell 14 is composed of a plurality of panels, and converts sunlight into DC power and outputs it.
- the delta V determination circuit 21 of the charging device 20 detects a temporal decrease rate of the voltage input to the power conditioner 12. If the temporal decrease rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the output signal is set to a high state. Otherwise, go low.
- the charge control circuit 22 has a function of charging the storage battery 23 while controlling (increasing or decreasing) the charging current flowing from the AC-DC inverter 24 to the storage battery 23 based on the output signal of the delta V determination circuit 21.
- the storage battery 23 is composed of, for example, a lithium ion battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydride battery, or a lead storage battery or other secondary battery, and is charged by DC power supplied from the charge control circuit 22 and is also DC-AC The charged DC power is supplied to the inverter 25.
- the AC-DC inverter 24 converts alternating current power (AC) supplied from the power plug 26 into direct current power (DC) and outputs it.
- the DC-AC inverter 25 converts DC power (DC) supplied from the storage battery 23 into AC power (AC) and supplies it to the load.
- the delta V determination circuit 21 includes resistors 211 to 217, diodes 218 and 219, capacitors 220 to 222, a variable resistor 223, a comparator 224, a transistor 225, and an electromagnetic relay 226.
- the resistors 211 and 212 are connected to the output of the solar cell 14 in a state of being connected in series. Thereby, the resistors 211 and 212 divide and output the output voltage of the solar cell 14 in accordance with these element values.
- the diodes 218 and 219 are voltage holding diodes. When the voltage of the solar cell 14 decreases, the diodes 218 and 219 are in a reverse bias state and cut off, and hold the voltages of the capacitors 220 and 221 for a certain time.
- the capacitor 220 is constituted by, for example, an electrolytic capacitor, and is connected in parallel with the variable resistor 223 and the resistor 213.
- the capacitor 220 is charged by the output voltage of the solar cell 14, and holds the output voltage of the solar cell 14 for a certain period according to the time constant generated by the capacitor 220, the variable resistor 223, and the resistor 213. More specifically, when the element value of the variable resistor 223 is VR, the element value of the resistor 213 is R1, and the element value of the capacitor 220 is C1, it corresponds to the time constant indicated by C1 ⁇ (VR + R1). Hold time and voltage.
- the capacitor 221 is composed of, for example, an electrolytic capacitor, and is connected in parallel with the resistor 214.
- the capacitor 221 is charged by the output voltage of the solar cell 14 and holds the output voltage of the solar cell 14 for a certain period according to the time constant generated by the capacitor 221 and the resistor 214. More specifically, when the element value of the resistor 214 is R2 and the element value of the capacitor 221 is C2, the voltage is held for a time corresponding to the time constant indicated by C2 ⁇ R2.
- the time constant C1 ⁇ (VR + R1) generated by the capacitor 220, the variable resistor 223, and the resistor 213, and the time constant C2 ⁇ R2 generated by the capacitor 221 and the resistor 214 are C1 ⁇ (VR + R1) >> C2 ⁇ R2. It is set to have a relationship.
- C1 ⁇ (VR + R1) is a time constant of several seconds, and C2 ⁇ R2 is a shorter time constant.
- the variable resistor 223 has a variable terminal connected to the input terminal of the comparator 224 via the resistor 215. By operating the variable resistor 223, the voltage input to the comparator 224 can be adjusted, and the voltage ratio at which the comparator 224 is turned on can be set.
- Resistors 215 and 216 are input resistors of the comparator 224, and are adjusted so that the current input to the comparator 224 is within an appropriate range.
- the comparator 224 compares the output voltage of the variable resistor 223 and the output voltage of the resistor 214. If the output voltage of the variable resistor 223 is higher, the comparator 224 sets the output signal to the high state, and otherwise outputs the output signal. Is low.
- Resistor 217 and capacitor 222 constitute a smoothing circuit that smoothes and outputs the output of comparator 224. This prevents chattering and the like of the electromagnetic relay 226.
- the transistor 225 is composed of, for example, an NPN bipolar transistor. When the output signal of the comparator 224 is in a high state, the transistor 225 is in an on state and passes a current through the electromagnetic relay 226 connected to the collector so that the transistor 225 is in a low state. When it becomes, it will be in an OFF state and the electric current to the electromagnetic relay 226 will be interrupted
- the electromagnetic relay 2226 when the transistor 225 is turned on, a current is passed through the coil, the contact is switched and the output signal is in a high state. In other cases, the output signal is in a low state.
- the output signal of the electromagnetic relay 226 is supplied to the charging control circuit 22.
- a high / low signal is output by turning on / off the electromagnetic relay 226 according to the output of the comparator 224 is shown here, the comparator 224 or the transistor 225 is not used without using the electromagnetic relay 226.
- the output signal may be output as it is. There is no particular limitation on how the charging current is controlled by receiving the output of the comparator 224.
- the DC power generated by the solar cell 14 is supplied to the power conditioner 12 via the connection box 13.
- the power conditioner 12 converts the DC power into AC power having the same voltage, the same frequency, and the same phase as the commercial power supply and outputs the AC power.
- the AC power output in this way is supplied to the distribution board 3 via the interconnection breaker 11.
- the AC power supplied to the distribution board 3 is distributed to a load (not shown) (for example, a home appliance) connected to the distribution board 3.
- the power supplied from the power conditioner 12 is larger than the power supplied to the load, the surplus power is reversely flowed (sold) to the commercial power supply via the power meter 2.
- the power supplied from the power conditioner 12 is smaller than the power supplied to the load, the insufficient power is supplied (purchased) from the commercial power supply via the wattmeter 2.
- the power plug 26 of the charging device 20 is not connected to the stand-alone operation outlet 12a, but is connected to an outlet connected to the distribution board 3, and is charged by commercial power or power from the solar cell 14. Is done.
- the charging control circuit 22 executes a normal charging process instead of a process described later. In other words, the charging control circuit 22 performs charging with a certain amount of current at the start of charging, and executes control to gradually reduce the current when it approaches full charging. Thereby, the storage battery 23 can be fully charged in a short time.
- the operation when power supply from the commercial power supply is stopped due to a power failure or the like will be described.
- the user operates an operation unit (not shown) of the power conditioner 12 to switch the power conditioner 12 to the independent operation mode.
- the independent operation outlet 12a of the power conditioner 12 thereby, about 1.5 kW of electric power can be obtained from the independent operation outlet 12a of the power conditioner 12 at the maximum.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a load connected to the autonomous operation outlet 12a, an electric current flowing through the load, an input voltage to the power conditioner 12, a voltage change per 10 W, and a voltage change rate in the autonomous operation mode.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship shown in FIG. 3 as a graph.
- the load connected to the independent operation outlet 12a increases, the DC voltage (output voltage of the solar cell 14) input to the power conditioner 12 gradually increases with a slight change rate accordingly. Decrease.
- the load changes rapidly from the vicinity of the maximum power point (in the example of FIGS. 3 and 4, around 850 W) and exceeds the power indicated by x in FIG.
- the power conditioner 12 shuts down, and the power to the load Is stopped. When falling into such a state, it is often necessary for the user to manually restart the inverter 12. For this reason, when charging by connecting a conventional charging device to the self-sustained operation outlet 12a, for example, when the amount of power generation of the solar cell 14 is reduced due to the influence of clouds or the like during charging, and the power consumption of the charging device falls below In some cases, the power conditioner 12 shuts down, and when it is not noticed by the person, the power conditioner 12 does not recover as it is, so that it may remain in a state where it cannot be charged.
- the following operation is executed to solve such a problem. That is, in the self-sustained operation mode, when the power plug 26 of the charging device 20 is connected to the self-sustained operation outlet 12a in order to charge the storage battery 23, the charge control circuit 22 is supplied from the AC-DC inverter 24 to the storage battery 23.
- the charging current is increased by a certain amount (for example, a current corresponding to 10 W) from the state of 0A.
- the output signal of the delta V determination circuit 21 is referred to, and the voltage decrease rate (value obtained by dividing the voltage decrease amount by the voltage) before and after the load increase input to the power conditioner 12 is obtained.
- the charging current is gradually increased as time passes under the control of the charging control circuit 22.
- the load gradually increases in FIG. 4, so that the DC input voltage (the output voltage of the solar cell 14) gradually decreases.
- the voltage reduction rate when the load is increased It grows rapidly.
- the delta V determination circuit 21 detects a voltage decrease rate based on two different time constants (that is, C1 ⁇ (VR + R1) and C2 ⁇ R2), and the decrease rate exceeds a predetermined threshold value (for example, 1%).
- the charging control circuit 22 decreases the charging current by a predetermined amount (for example, a current corresponding to several tens of watts), so that the charging current decreases by a predetermined amount as shown in FIG. For this reason, the charging current decreases (load is reduced) before reaching the mark x shown in FIG. 4, so that the power conditioner 12 can be prevented from shutting down.
- a predetermined amount for example, a current corresponding to several tens of watts
- the charging current is decreased at time T1
- the charging current is increased again, and at time T2, as shown in FIG. 5B, the delta V determination circuit.
- the output of 21 goes high and the charging current is reduced by a predetermined amount.
- the arrival level of the charging current is increased from the time T1 in an example when the power generation amount of the solar cell 14 is increased.
- the arrival level of the charging current is substantially the same as at time T2.
- the power generation amount is further increased, and a high pulse is not generated from the delta V determination circuit 21, so that the maximum charging current is reached.
- step S 1 the charging control circuit 22 receives an output signal from the delta V determination circuit 21.
- the delta V determination circuit 21 receives the output voltage of the solar cell 14 and detects temporal changes in the output voltage based on two different time constants (C1 ⁇ (VR + R1) and C2 ⁇ R2).
- C1 ⁇ (VR + R1) >> C2 ⁇ R2
- C1 ⁇ (VR + R1) is a time constant of about several seconds
- C2 ⁇ R2 is a shorter time constant. From 223, a voltage corresponding to the output voltage of the solar cell 14 before the change of the charging current is output, and from the resistor 214, a voltage corresponding to the output voltage of the solar cell 14 after the change of the charging current is output.
- the comparator 224 compares these, and when the voltage decrease rate after the change is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the comparator 224 sets the output to a high state, and otherwise sets it to a low level. As a result, when the output of the comparator 224 is in a high state, the electromagnetic relay 226 is driven, and the output of the delta V determination circuit 21 is in a high state. Otherwise, the output is in a low state. .
- the charge control circuit 22 receives the output signal of the delta V determination circuit 21.
- step S2 the charging control circuit 22 determines whether or not the output of the delta V determination circuit 21 is high. If the output is high (step S2: Yes), the process proceeds to step S4, and otherwise ( In step S2: No), the process proceeds to step S3. For example, in FIG. 5, since the delta V determination circuit 21 is in the high state at the timings T1, T2, and T3, the determination is Yes and the process proceeds to step S4. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step S3.
- step S3 the charging control circuit 22 increases the charging current to the storage battery 23 by a predetermined amount. For example, the charging control circuit 22 increases the charging current to the storage battery 23 by 10 W. Then, the process proceeds to step S5.
- step S4 the charging control circuit 22 decreases the charging current to the storage battery 23 by a predetermined amount.
- the charging control circuit 22 reduces the charging current to the storage battery 23 by several tens of watts.
- the charging current is set to zero.
- the process proceeds to step S5.
- the charging current decreases by a certain amount as shown at times T1, T2, and T3 in FIG. Note that the amount of decrease in the charging current at this time is set to be larger than the amount of increase in step S3 (for example, set as 10 W and several tens of W as described above).
- step S5 the charge control circuit 22 determines whether or not to end the process. If it is determined not to end the process (step S5: No), the process returns to step S1 and the same process as described above. Is repeated, and in other cases (step S5: Yes), the process is terminated.
- a method for determining whether or not to end the process for example, there is a method for ending the process when the voltage of the storage battery 23 reaches a certain voltage value determined by the type of the storage battery 23.
- a mode (generally referred to as trickle charging) in which charging is performed little by little as much as is lost due to discharge including spontaneous discharge may be entered.
- the charging current to the storage battery 23 is gradually increased, and when the rate of decrease in the voltage of the solar battery 14 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the charging current is decreased by a predetermined amount (for example, Since the load power is not made larger than the power supplied from the solar battery during the independent operation of the power conditioner 14), it is possible to prevent the power conditioner 12 during the independent operation from being shut down. As a result, it is possible to prevent the power conditioner 12 from shutting down without knowing to stop charging. Further, it is possible to save the user from having to restart the power conditioner 12. Furthermore, the storage battery 23 can be charged even when the generated power of the solar battery 14 is smaller than the required input power (for example, rated input power) of the charging device 20.
- a predetermined amount for example, Since the load power is not made larger than the power supplied from the solar battery during the independent operation of the power conditioner 14
- the output voltage of the solar cell 14 is A / D converted to a digital signal, and a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) or CPU (Central The same processing may be realized by the Processing Unit).
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- CPU Central The same processing may be realized by the Processing Unit.
- the charging current is always reduced by a certain amount. It may be changed. For example, when the charging current at the time when the output of the delta V determination circuit 21 becomes high is increasing in time (for example, the charging current at times T1, T2, T3 increases as shown in FIG. If the charging current is substantially constant over time, the output of the solar cell 14 is increasing or constant. In such a case, the amount of decrease in the charging current is set small. When the charging current at the time when the output of the delta V determination circuit 21 becomes high is decreasing with time, the output of the solar cell 14 decreases. In such a case, the highest priority is not to shut down the power conditioner 12 in such a case, and a large reduction amount of the charging current can be set.
- control is performed according to the magnitude of the voltage decrease rate when the charging current is increased.
- the control is based on the voltage decrease amount, not the voltage decrease rate. May be performed.
- the determination may be made based on the current reduction rate or amount instead of the voltage, or based on the power reduction rate or amount.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
このような構成によれば、自立運転時においても、蓄電池を十分に充電することが可能となる。
このような構成によれば、日照状態によって時々刻々と変化する太陽電池であっても、蓄電池を十分に充電することができる。
このような構成によれば、電圧または電流の減少率を参照することで、パワーコンディショナがシャットダウンすることを確実に防ぐことができる。
このような構成によれば、簡単な回路構成により、電圧の時間的減少量または時間的減少率を確実に検出することができる。
図1は本発明の実施形態に係る充電装置と、太陽光発電装置とを組み合わせたシステムの全体像を表す。この図に示すように、太陽光発電装置10は一般的に商用電源系統1と連携して構成されており、本発明の実施形態に係る充電装置20はその商用電源系統1および太陽光発電装置10に接続して使う。
つぎに、本発明の実施形態の動作について説明する。なお、以下では、平常時の動作と、商用電源が停電等によって停止した場合の動作についてそれぞれ説明する。
以上の実施形態は一例であって、本発明が上述したような場合のみに限定されるものでないことはいうまでもない。例えば、以上の実施形態では、発電電源として太陽電池14を使用する場合を例に挙げて説明したが、これ以外にも、例えば、風力発電や水力発電を用いることも可能である。
Processing Unit)によって、同様の処理を実現するようにしてもよい。
2 電力計
3 分電盤
10 太陽光発電装置
11 連系ブレーカ
12 パワーコンディショナ
13 接続箱
14 太陽電池
20 蓄電装置
21 デルタV判定回路(検出手段)
22 充電制御回路(増減手段、制御手段)
23 蓄電池
24 AC-DCインバータ
25 DC-ACインバータ
Claims (4)
- 自立運転機能を有するパワーコンディショナの自立運転コンセントから供給される電力により蓄電池を充電可能な充電装置において、
前記蓄電池への充電電流を増減する増減手段と、
発電電源から前記パワーコンディショナに供給される電圧または電流の時間的変化を検出する検出手段と、
前記増減手段によって前記充電電流を時間の経過とともに増加させ、前記検出手段によって検出される前記電圧または電流の時間的減少量が所定の閾値よりも小さい場合には前記増減手段による前記充電電流の増加を継続し、前記電圧または電流の時間的減少量が所定の閾値以上である場合には前記増減手段によって前記充電電流を所定量減少させる制御を行う制御手段と、
を有することを特徴とする充電装置。 - 前記発電電源は太陽電池であり、
前記制御手段は、前記太陽電池から前記パワーコンディショナを介して前記蓄電池へ供給される充電電流を制御する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の充電装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記電圧または電流の時間的減少量を電圧値または電流値で除して得られる減少率が所定の閾値よりも小さい場合には前記増減手段による前記充電電流の増加を継続し、前記減少率が所定の閾値以上である場合には前記増減手段によって前記充電電流を所定量減少させる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の充電装置。 - 前記検出手段は、前記発電電源からの電圧または電流を、異なる2つの時定数を有する回路を介して入力し、これら2つの回路の出力を比較することで、前記電圧または電流の時間的減少量または時間的減少率を検出することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の充電装置。
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CN201380001802.8A CN103733465B (zh) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-05-01 | 充电装置 |
KR1020137034132A KR101531625B1 (ko) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-05-01 | 충전 장치 |
DE112013000137.3T DE112013000137T5 (de) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-05-01 | Ladevorrichtung |
US14/143,641 US20140111137A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-12-30 | Charging apparatus |
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JP2012165254A JP5162043B1 (ja) | 2012-07-25 | 2012-07-25 | 充電装置 |
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US14/143,641 Continuation US20140111137A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2013-12-30 | Charging apparatus |
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JP (1) | JP5162043B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101531625B1 (ja) |
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DE112013000137T5 (de) | 2014-07-24 |
CN103733465A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
KR101531625B1 (ko) | 2015-06-25 |
TW201406003A (zh) | 2014-02-01 |
JP5162043B1 (ja) | 2013-03-13 |
US20140111137A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
KR20140034848A (ko) | 2014-03-20 |
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