WO2014016107A1 - Détecteur de bulles - Google Patents

Détecteur de bulles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014016107A1
WO2014016107A1 PCT/EP2013/064420 EP2013064420W WO2014016107A1 WO 2014016107 A1 WO2014016107 A1 WO 2014016107A1 EP 2013064420 W EP2013064420 W EP 2013064420W WO 2014016107 A1 WO2014016107 A1 WO 2014016107A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bubble detector
liquid
electrode
detector according
receiving
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/064420
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Herbert Bousack
Ran Zhou
Gerhard VON DER EMDE
Kavita Mayekar
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn filed Critical Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Publication of WO2014016107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014016107A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0007—Investigating dispersion of gas
    • G01N2015/0011—Investigating dispersion of gas in liquids, e.g. bubbles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bubble detector with which flowing objects, in particular flowing bubbles can be determined in an electrically conductive liquid.
  • An object flowing in the liquid which can be detected by means of the bubble detector, has a different electrical conductivity than the liquid.
  • DE 69223875 T2 describes a device with spatially separated electrodes in a liquid flow for distinguishing between conductive and nonconductive fluid, by applying an AC voltage between the electrodes and determining the electrical resistance.
  • the document DE 1 9651 355 A 1 discloses a use of an electrode arrangement coupled to an oscillator.
  • an electrode arrangement In order to detect the proportion of undissolved air in medical device fluids flowing through hoses or conduits with high accuracy, an electrode arrangement is used whose annular electrodes surround a fluid-carrying conduit and whose capacity is changed in accordance with the proportion of undissolved gas on the fluid.
  • the capacitance is measured, namely in a capacitive voltage regulator circuit by means of an amplitude modulation.
  • a bubble detector according to claim 1 comprises means for detecting objects flowing in a liquid, such as bubbles.
  • the decor is such that flowing bubbles and the like are detected in the electrically conductive liquid by measuring an induced electric field change in the liquid.
  • the bubble detector comprises a transmitting electrode and a receiving electrode with which the electric field In the liquid is generated. In order to generate the electric field in the liquid and to be able to measure changes in the electric field, an electrical contact between the electrodes and the electrically conductive liquid is created. The electrodes are therefore immersed, for example, in the electrically conductive liquid.
  • the device comprises a read-out electronics which is able to determine a change in a potential gradient, that is to say a change in an electric field generated by means of the two electrodes, by subtraction.
  • a simply constructed bubble detector can be provided which can reliably and quickly detect an object or medium flowing in the electrically conductive liquid, such as flowing bubbles. The only prerequisite is that the flow generates a change of the electric field in the electrically liquid liquid. If the flowing medium has a different electrical conductivity than the liquid, then a change in the electric field is caused by the flow of the medium.
  • the bubble detector can also be used if the diameter of a vessel in which the electrically conductive liquid is located is relatively large and not limited to a few centimeters. There is no need to use a transparent outer wall, as is the case with optical processes. No complex signal processing is required.
  • the bubble detector enables an integral measurement over the entire cross-section of the vessel in which the electrically conductive liquid is located. Especially high sensitivity can be achieved compared to capacitive bubble detectors. Homogeneous measurements in the examination area are advantageously possible, which is not possible, for example, with bubble detectors which detect ultrasound by means of ultrasound.
  • a vessel according to the present invention also includes the case of a conduit through which the electrically-variable liquid flows, for example.
  • a liquid may be stationary or, for example, flow through the vessel.
  • gas bubbles can be determined, which flow in an electrically conductive medium such as water.
  • the gas bubbles can either ascend in a stationary liquid by buoyancy forces or be moved together with the liquid.
  • solid bodies as well as metallic bodies or bodies made of plastic, for example steel balls which sink down in a liquid column or the fractions in a two-phase flow liquid / gas phase or liquid / solid phase.
  • the mixture of different fluids can be determined if the individual components have different electrical conductivity.
  • the read-out electronics comprise a differential amplifier for amplifying a difference between the electrical signal originating from the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode.
  • the electrical input signals can come from two spatially separated receiving electrodes.
  • the differential amplifier is part of the readout electronics and serves to carry out the subtraction, in order to output the result of the subtraction as a measurement signal.
  • the result of the difference formation is further amplified, whereby even small differences between the two input signals, which are processed by the differential amplifier, can be determined. This embodiment improves the sensitivity of the bubble detector.
  • a compensation device in particular in the form of a controllable resistor, which change the amplitude of an electrical transmission signal of the transmitting electrode and the modified supply signal is able to supply the differential amplifier.
  • a voltage regulator is provided as compensating device, which picks up only part of the voltage, depending on the setting.
  • one or more phase shifters are integrated to compensate for different phases that could cause incomplete compensation.
  • a preferably adjustable shunt resistor for providing an electrical signal for the differential amplifier with the receiving electrode and with an input of the differential amplifier is electrically connected.
  • the preferably adjustable shunt resistor serves to provide an electrical signal for the differential amplifier for further processing.
  • the shunt resistor is electrically connected in series with the receiving electrode in such a way that an electric current flowing due to the electric field flows via the receiving electrode and the shunt resistor.
  • the electric current flowing through the shunt resistor causes a voltage drop proportional to it. This voltage drop is fed as an electrical signal into an input of the differential amplifier for the purpose of Welter kau.
  • the differential amplifier then amplifies the voltage difference resulting from the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode.
  • an optional compensating device is then set so that the voltage difference is zero when there is no flowing medium such as flowing bubbles between the two electrodes.
  • the shunt resistor is preferably adjustable in order to be able to obtain a suitably large voltage drop as a function of the further test parameters by selecting the size of the resistor.
  • the bubble detector may then be better equipped for many different applications.
  • the transmitting electrode is connected to a sine-wave generator in order to be able to generate a suitable electrical potential in the liquid.
  • a sine-wave generator in order to be able to generate a suitable electrical potential in the liquid.
  • Other generators that can generate other potentials, such as a square wave generator, are also possible.
  • the bubble detector comprises a degree meter for compensating for a temperature-induced change in the electrical conductivity of the electrically conductive liquid. It can be as reliable and technically simple way report erroneous results that can occur due to a temperature-related change, for example, the electrical conductivity of the electrically conductive liquid.
  • Vorzugswelse is a receiving electrode each having a shunt resistor, preferably a controllable shunt resistor electrically connected so as to provide a suitable electrical signal in the form of a voltage drop for the degree meter can.
  • the over the Receiving electrode discharged electrical current flows through the associated shunt resistor.
  • the resulting voltage drop serves as an input to the gradiometer.
  • One or both shunt resistors are preferably adjustable.
  • the electrical resistance of a shunt resistor can therefore be changed or adjusted by means of rules. Minor amplitude differences In the electrical signal of the two receiving electrodes can be compensated advantageous by adjusting the electrical resistance. Equal components in both signals, ie in particular a temperature drift, can then be completely compensated.
  • one or more phase filters are integrated to compensate for different phases that could cause incomplete compensation
  • a differential amplifier for forming an electrical difference signal of the originating from the two receiving electrodes electrical signals.
  • the differential amplifier effects the desired compensation of DC components, serves to differentiate and amplifies the result in order to be able to determine objects flowing with high sensitivity.
  • the distance between the transmitting electrode and the adjacent receiving electrode is advantageously greater than the distance between the two receiving electrodes.
  • a uniform Feldlinlenvertellung can be achieved over the cross section of the associated vessel to reliably detect flowing objects.
  • an excessively large space is avoided.
  • the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode (s) are integrated in a ring-like manner, for example, in a container wall of a container for receiving the electrically conductive liquid.
  • the ring shape can be provided in principle an electric field whose field lines extend advantageously parallel to the flow of the medium to reliably measure with high sensitivity, so to reliably detect flowing objects can.
  • Transmitting electrode and receiving electrode are preferably circular.
  • other shapes such as a square or oval shape also basically allow the desired alignment of the field lines so as to be able to measure reliably and sensitively.
  • an advantageous homogeneous Feldllnververtellung over a Gefäßquerschnltt can only be achieved deteriorated.
  • Electrodes e.g. semicircular or U-shaped.
  • these electrode shapes can be advantageous, for example, for use in microfluidic components.
  • the electrodes are in a vessel, which brings in the electrically soluble liquid or submerses it in the electrically liquid liquid therein. It is possible in this embodiment to realize electrodes by simple wires with a diameter of, for example, only 0.5 to 1 mm. This embodiment allows a particularly simple replacement of electrodes if necessary. Furthermore, by means of wires, a desired electrode geometry can be realized in a particularly simple manner. In one embodiment, the electrodes, which are separate from the vessel, are held spatially in a predetermined position by an insert, which simplifies handling.
  • the distance between the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode is preferably greater than half the inner diameter of a conduit for conducting the electrically conductive liquid, preferably greater than 0.8 times the inner diameter of the conduit and / or less than 1.5 times the inner diameter of the conduit, preferably smaller as the 1, 2 times the inner diameter of the line.
  • the measurement sensitivity does not depend on whether the flowing object is close to or away from a container wall, for example in the center of the container.
  • the electrodes are preferably integrated into walls of the container for the liquid so that they come into contact with an electrically conductive liquid located therein. This embodiment with the integrated electrodes facilitates handling and reports incorrect operation.
  • the bubble detector can be used universally. For example, in medical technology, in cardiopulmonary bypass machines, in transfusion pumps and or in dialysis, care must be taken to check whether there are gas pockets in the transported fluid. This can be done by the detector according to the invention.
  • the detection of an embolus (blood plug) moved in the bloodstream is.
  • the bubble detectors can be used in process engineering in bubble columns to control the flow of bubbles through and in the conveying of the promotion of solid / water mixtures, e.g. for a determination of the proportion of stones washed in with water as a transport medium as a filling for inaccessible cavities.
  • process engineering e.g. the control of the bubble-filling of tubes with pasty contents, e.g. Toothpaste, the determination of the solids content in sewage sludge, the homogeneity of paints and varnishes etc ..
  • An application in the automotive sector is the use as a flex-fuel sensor.
  • it is common to fuel cars with a highly variable mixture of gasoline and methanol.
  • the fuel composition for processing in the engine control.
  • the bubble detector can also be used here.
  • the bubble detector can also be provided for controlling the condition of engine oils since the age-related removal of additives alters the dielectric constant and metal abrasion and the altered oil composition influence the conductivity of the oil.
  • Another possible application is the use in microstructure components in which the mixture of different liquid streams, the differentiation of different liquid packages or individual gas bubbles are to be measured in the microchannels.
  • Embodiment with lock-in amplifier and gradiometer Embodiment with lock-in amplifier and gradiometer.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in section, a tubular container 1 through which, for example, an electrically conductive liquid such as water flows.
  • an annular transmitting electrode 2 and an annular receiving electrode 3 are integrated such that they are electrically connected to the electrically conductive liquid and can be electrically contacted from the outside.
  • the field lines generated in the liquid then run predominantly parallel to the flow.
  • a sine wave generator 4 is connected to the transmitting electrode 2 to generate the electric field in the liquid.
  • the sine generator 4 is also connected to a variable resistor 5, which serves as a compensation device. At the variable resistor 5, a voltage drops.
  • the compensation device 5 is connected to an input of a differential amplifier 6 such that the voltage drop which occurs at the compensation device 5 is fed as an electrical input signal into an input of the differential amplifier 6.
  • the receiving electrode 3 is connected to a controllable shunt resistor 7, at which a voltage drops.
  • the controllable shunt resistor 7 is connected to the further input of the differential amplifier 6 such that the voltage drop occurring at the shunt resistor 7 is fed as an electrical signal into the further input of the differential amplifier 6.
  • Shunt resistor 7 and compensation device 5 are suitably grounded to allow current to flow through the resistors.
  • the differential amplifier ⁇ forms a difference between the two voltage drops fed in and outputs the result more intensively to a display device, for example to a monitor 8, which represents the voltage profile.
  • the transmitting electrode 2 is connected to a sine generator 4 and the current dissipated at the receiving electrode 2 is controlled by a shunt resistor 7, eg 0 -1 0 k ⁇ , for example, set to 7 k ⁇ , connected to a differential amplifier 6, which amplifies the voltage difference from the transmitting electrode 2 and the receiving electrode 3.
  • the compensation device 5 ensures that the transmission signal is compensated.
  • the voltage at the transmitting electrode is picked up by means of a controllable resistor and its amplitude is changed so that it does not flow Object between the electrodes 2 and 3, the differential voltage (ie the output signal of the differential amplifier) is equal to zero.
  • the order of arrangement of the electrodes i. whether the transmitting electrode 2 at the top and the receiving electrode 3 at the bottom or an arrangement in the reverse order, makes no difference to the signal of an ascending gas bubble, for example.
  • the embodiment of Figure 1 preferably consists of three pipe sections with an inner diameter of, for example, 40 mm. which are bolted with two metallic electrode rings 2 and 3 to a compact tube unit, for example.
  • the electrode rings 2 and 3 with a height of, for example, 5 mm can be electrically contacted from the outside and stand with their inner surface in electrical contact with the liquid medium in the tube.
  • the electrode rings 2 and 3 consist z.
  • Example of copper or aluminum wherein preferably by a metallic coating with a noble metal, in particular the surfaces in communication with the fluid surfaces, an electrolytic dissolution of the metal is prevented. This is e.g. achieved by coating copper surfaces with gold and a nickel barrier layer between gold and copper or Platlnbeschlchtung.
  • FIG. 2 compares the course of potential lines 9 within the tube 1 shown in FIG. 1 with the transmitting electrode 2 and the receiving electrode 3 without and with the object 10 in the vessel 1.
  • the object 10 may, for example, be a gas bubble rising in the electrically liquid liquid.
  • the comparison of the two representations of the Flg. 2 illustrates that the flowing object 10, which has a different electrical conductivity than the liquid present in the tube 1, alters the course of the potentials 9 between the two electrodes 2 and 3.
  • the change in the potential lines causes a change in the voltage drop across the shunt resistor 7.
  • the corresponding input signal for the differential amplifier 6 changes.
  • the difference between the two voltages fed into the differential amplifier 6 is then equal to zero.
  • the appearance of a bubble 10 is therefore indicated by a peak as shown in Figure 1 in the display 8.
  • the course of the field lines 9 shown in FIG. 2 makes it clear that the field lines 9 are distributed unevenly over the cross section of the tube when the two electrodes 2 and 3 lie relatively close to one another.
  • a flowing object 1 0 can hardly change the field line course when it flows adjacent to the wall of the tube 1 through the tube.
  • a weak signal weakens the sensitivity of the bubble detector.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the flow of the distance between the two electrodes 2 and 3 to the course of the field lines 9.
  • the pipe diameter of the tube 1 is, for example, 40 mm and the two electrodes 2 and 3 have a significantly smaller spacing of, for example, 10 mm.
  • the field lines 9 are distributed unevenly over the cross section. This case is shown in the left-hand illustration of FIG.
  • the distance between the transmitting electrode 2 and the receiving electrode 3 is 50 mm
  • the field lines 9 are distributed homogeneously over the cross section. The strength of a signal caused by a flowing body 10 then no longer depends significantly on whether the body 10 flows near the wall of the tube 1 or in the middle of the tube 1.
  • the distance between the two electrodes 2 and 3 corresponds approximately to the diameter of the tube 1. It is so regularly advantageous even distribution of the field lines 9 achieved over the cross section, without having to choose the distance between the two electrodes 2 and 3 excessively large, which would be associated with a disadvantageously large space. Therefore, the distance between the transmitting electrode 2 of the receiving electrode 3 should be at least greater than half the diameter of the vessel, preferably greater than 0.75 times the vessel diameter, more preferably at least equal to the vessel or tube diameter. Meant is always the inner diameter of the vessel or tube. 1 To avoid an excessively large space, the distance between the transmitting electrode 2 and the receiving electrode 3 does not exceed 1.5 times the vessel diameter.
  • the transmitting electrode 2 is e.g. applied with a voltage of 1 V and a frequency of 1 KHz.
  • the voltage should be selected depending on the standard potential of the used coating and the pH of the liquid so that corrosion of the electrodes 2 and 3 can be excluded. Changing the frequency In the kHz range, the measurement signal changes only insignificantly.
  • FIG. 4 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the bubble detector with a degree-gauge.
  • This embodiment comprises a second receiving electrode 11. Both receiving electrodes 3 and 1 1 are each connected to a controllable shunt resistor 7, on each of which a voltage drops. The two voltage drops are each supplied to an input of the differential amplifier 6 as an input signal due to corresponding electrical contact. The two shunt resistances 7 are adjusted so that the difference between the two voltages is zero when no object flows through the tube 1. By a peak in the display 8, a flowing object 10 is displayed. This embodiment avoids erroneous results due to a changing conductivity of the electrical fluid.
  • the difference formation of the grading circuit becomes a signal having a positive and a negative peak.
  • This signal morphology is influenced by the distance between the two receiving electrodes, e.g. By increasing the electrode spacing, the distance between the two peaks is increased.
  • the optimum distance of the receiving electrodes is the result of an optimization process that should be carried out for the respective application.
  • a simple wire electrode e.g. 1 0 mm gold wire with 0.5 mm diameter
  • the compensation effect is significantly poorer compared to the gradiometer arrangement with two electrodes 3 and 11 of equal size.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show embodiments with such a lock-in detector 1 2, the output of which are electrically connected to a display device or evaluation device 8 and its inputs to the generator 4 and the output of the differential amplifier 6 as shown.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un détecteur de bulles, elle a pour but de créer un détecteur de bulles d'une construction simple, et d'une bonne fiabilité de mesure. Pour la résolution du problème, un détecteur de bulles comprend un dispositif destiné à détecter des objets tels que des bulles qui circulent dans un liquide. Le dispositif est conçu de telle sorte que les bulles ou objets équivalents en circulation soient détectés dans le liquide conducteur de l'électricité par le fait qu'une variation de champ électrique déterminée est mesurée dans le liquide. Le détecteur de bulles comprend une électrode émettrice et une électrode réceptrice au moyen desquelles le champ électrique est produit dans le liquide. Le dispositif comprend en outre une électronique de lecture qui peut détecter une modification d'un profil de potentiel, donc une modification d'un champ électrique produit au moyen des deux électrodes, par une formation de différence. Cette formation de différence peut être réalisée électroniquement avec une dépense particulièrement réduite. Il est ainsi possible de créer un détecteur de bulles d'une construction simple, à l'aide duquel un objet ou milieu tel que des bulles circulantes peut être détecté de façon fiable et rapidement dans un liquide conducteur de l'électricité.
PCT/EP2013/064420 2012-07-23 2013-07-09 Détecteur de bulles WO2014016107A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201210212874 DE102012212874A1 (de) 2012-07-23 2012-07-23 Blasendetektor
DE102012212874.3 2012-07-23

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113125511A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-07-16 上海交通大学 基于电导法的汽泡参数和硼酸浓度同步测量双用探针***
CN115598183A (zh) * 2022-11-11 2023-01-13 利诚检测认证集团股份有限公司（Cn） 一种液态食品电导率检测方法及装置
LU500436B1 (de) * 2021-07-15 2023-01-17 Hemovent Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Detektieren von Gasmengen an einem Oxygenator, mobiles Handgerät für einen Oxygenator, Oxygenator, Faser für eine Fasermatte für einen Oxygenator, Fasermatte eines Oxygenators, Fasermembran eines Oxygenators, Verfahren zum Herstellen von Fasern oder Fasermatten für einen Oxygenator, Verwendung einer Fasermatte für einen Oxygenator, Verwendung einer Faser für eine Fasermatte

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JPS55110943A (en) * 1979-02-20 1980-08-27 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Device for detecting bubble in liquid
JPS58187359A (ja) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-01 Canon Inc 流体流路中の気泡除去方式
DE3927718C1 (fr) * 1988-08-27 1990-03-29 Hitachi, Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo, Jp
DE69223875T2 (de) 1991-08-07 1998-04-16 Toa Medical Electronics Verfahren zum Rühren und zur Probenentnahme einer flüssigen Probe
DE19651355A1 (de) 1996-12-10 1998-06-18 Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh Gasblasendetektor

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DE102011002766A1 (de) * 2011-01-17 2012-07-19 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG Messanordnung zur Bestimmung einer elektrischen Leitfähigkeit einer Messflüssigkeit

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55110943A (en) * 1979-02-20 1980-08-27 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Device for detecting bubble in liquid
JPS58187359A (ja) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-01 Canon Inc 流体流路中の気泡除去方式
DE3927718C1 (fr) * 1988-08-27 1990-03-29 Hitachi, Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo, Jp
DE69223875T2 (de) 1991-08-07 1998-04-16 Toa Medical Electronics Verfahren zum Rühren und zur Probenentnahme einer flüssigen Probe
DE19651355A1 (de) 1996-12-10 1998-06-18 Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh Gasblasendetektor

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113125511A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-07-16 上海交通大学 基于电导法的汽泡参数和硼酸浓度同步测量双用探针***
LU500436B1 (de) * 2021-07-15 2023-01-17 Hemovent Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Detektieren von Gasmengen an einem Oxygenator, mobiles Handgerät für einen Oxygenator, Oxygenator, Faser für eine Fasermatte für einen Oxygenator, Fasermatte eines Oxygenators, Fasermembran eines Oxygenators, Verfahren zum Herstellen von Fasern oder Fasermatten für einen Oxygenator, Verwendung einer Fasermatte für einen Oxygenator, Verwendung einer Faser für eine Fasermatte
WO2023285687A1 (fr) * 2021-07-15 2023-01-19 Hemovent Gmbh Dispositif et procédé de détection de quantités de gaz au niveau d'un oxygénateur, unité mobile tenue à la main pour un oxygénateur, oxygénateur, fibre pour un mat de fibres pour un oxygénateur, mat de fibres d'un oxygénateur, membrane fibreuse d'un oxygénateur, procédé de production des fibres ou de mat de fibres pour un oxygénateur, utilisation d'un mat de fibres pour un oxygénateur, utilisation d'une fibre pour un mat de fibres
CN115598183A (zh) * 2022-11-11 2023-01-13 利诚检测认证集团股份有限公司（Cn） 一种液态食品电导率检测方法及装置
CN115598183B (zh) * 2022-11-11 2024-03-19 利诚检测认证集团股份有限公司 一种液态食品电导率检测方法及装置

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