WO2013178652A1 - Heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning equipment for a motor vehicle and method for using such equipment - Google Patents

Heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning equipment for a motor vehicle and method for using such equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013178652A1
WO2013178652A1 PCT/EP2013/061015 EP2013061015W WO2013178652A1 WO 2013178652 A1 WO2013178652 A1 WO 2013178652A1 EP 2013061015 W EP2013061015 W EP 2013061015W WO 2013178652 A1 WO2013178652 A1 WO 2013178652A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
air conditioning
heating
switching member
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/061015
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Luc Thuez
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes Thermiques filed Critical Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Priority to DE112013002706.2T priority Critical patent/DE112013002706T5/en
Publication of WO2013178652A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013178652A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B60H1/00907—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant changes and an evaporator becomes condenser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator

Definitions

  • Heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system for a motor vehicle and method for implementing such an installation are known in the art.
  • the invention is specific to the field of heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning of a motor vehicle, including an electric or hybrid motor vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to a method of implementing such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system according to various modes of operation.
  • a motor vehicle particularly an electric or hybrid motor vehicle whose propulsion is at least partially provided by an electric motor, is commonly equipped with a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system to modify the aerothermal parameters of a passenger compartment of the vehicle. by delivering a flow of conditioned air inside the passenger compartment.
  • the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system may comprise an air conditioning loop, within which a refrigerant circulates, and a secondary loop, inside which a heat transfer fluid circulates.
  • a bi-fluid heat exchanger is integrated in the air conditioning loop and the secondary loop, so that the coolant and the heat transfer fluid can exchange heat reciprocally.
  • the air conditioning loop comprises a compressor, capable of compressing the refrigerant, at least one expansion member, adapted to allow expansion of the cooling fluid, an external heat exchanger, adapted to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant and a flow of ambient air, such as a flow of air outside the vehicle, and an indoor heat exchanger, adapted to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant and an indoor air flow, adapted to be broadcast inside the cabin.
  • the air-conditioning loop may comprise at least one control device, capable of allowing an arrangement of the heating, ventilation and / or heating installation. air conditioning according to various modes of operation.
  • the air conditioning loop may also include a refrigerant accumulator, adapted to prevent an intake of coolant in the liquid state inside the compressor.
  • the secondary loop comprises a second indoor heat exchanger, capable of exchanging heat with the heat transfer fluid, advantageously provided for heating the interior air flow intended to be diffused inside the passenger compartment.
  • heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system alternately according to a so-called “heating” mode of operation, wherein the interior air flow is reheated prior to the diffusion thereof into the The cabin of the vehicle, and according to a mode of operation called "air conditioning", in which the interior air flow is cooled prior to the diffusion of it in the passenger compartment, may prove ineffective.
  • heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning systems may pose risks of icing of the external heat exchanger, for example when switching between two modes of operation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system. in particular, when the temperature of the outside air flow is relatively low or when it is desired to extract heat from the outside air flow.
  • heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning systems are not suitable for diffusing the interior air flow without fogging the windshield and / or windows of the vehicle, for example when switching between two operating modes. the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system.
  • heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installations make it possible to ensure the cooling of electrical equipment of the vehicle, such as a battery, engine or electronic power unit.
  • electrical equipment of the vehicle such as a battery, engine or electronic power unit.
  • heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning systems may require a large number of components to perform such a cooling function of electrical equipment.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system suitable for equipping an electric or hybrid motor vehicle, offering various modes of operation, in particular a mode of operation called “air conditioning” and at least one mode of operation. operation called “heat pump” or “heating”.
  • a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system is arranged to allow a so-called “defrost” operating mode, and to allow a simple way of operating a "cooling component” mode.
  • Another object of the present invention is to propose a method of implementing such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation in order to configure the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system according to various operating modes so as to simple.
  • the subject of the invention is a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system for a motor vehicle comprising
  • an air conditioning loop inside which circulates a refrigerant fluid comprising a compressor, an external heat exchanger, capable of ensuring a heat exchange with an outside air flow, a first indoor heat exchanger, suitable for ensure a heat exchange with a cabin airflow intended to be diffused in a passenger compartment of the vehicle, and,
  • the air conditioning circuit comprises at least a first switching member, a second switching member and a third switching member, such that:
  • the first switching member is arranged between the compressor and the second switching member
  • the second switching member is arranged between the first switching member and the third switching member
  • the third switching member is arranged between the external heat exchanger and the first indoor heat exchanger.
  • the external heat exchanger and / or the first indoor heat exchanger and / or the bi-fluid heat exchanger are configured to function as a condenser or as an evaporator.
  • the air conditioning loop includes:
  • a third expansion member interposed between the first indoor heat exchanger and the bi-fluid heat exchanger.
  • the air conditioning circuit comprises at least one bypass device arranged in parallel with the first detent member and / or in parallel with the second detent member and / or in parallel with the third detent member.
  • a bypass device comprises a nonreturn valve.
  • the bypass device may also include a two-way valve.
  • the air conditioning loop comprises an accumulator arranged upstream of the compressor, according to the refrigerant circulation direction.
  • the secondary loop comprises a second indoor heat exchanger, adapted to ensure a heat exchange with a cabin air flow.
  • the first indoor heat exchanger is arranged upstream of the second indoor heat exchanger, according to the direction of flow of the cabin air flow capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • an additional heat exchanger is advantageously arranged downstream of the second indoor heat exchanger, according to the direction of flow of the cabin airflow capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the secondary loop comprises an auxiliary heat exchanger, adapted to ensure a heat exchange between the coolant and a component embedded in the vehicle.
  • the subject of the present invention is also a method for implementing a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation according to the features detailed above, comprising at least one step of arranging the first switching member, the second switching member and of the third switching member so that, from the compressor, the coolant circulates successively
  • air conditioning or according to a mode of operation called “defrosting” or according to a mode of operation called “cooling of a component”, and / or
  • heat pump in the bi-fluid heat exchanger and then in the first indoor heat exchanger, in particular in a first or a second operating mode called “heat pump” or “heating” or according to a mode of operation called “dehumidification” or according to a mode of operation known as “hot gas” or according to a mode of operation known as “heat pump with double expansion".
  • the step of arranging the first switching member, the second switching member and the third switching member is such that the coolant also circulates successively in the first indoor heat exchanger and then in the the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the method of implementation may also include:
  • implementation method can also include:
  • implementation method can also comprise:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of a motor vehicle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of FIG. 1 according to a mode of operation known as "air-conditioning",
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of FIG. 1 according to a first operating mode known as "heat pump” or "heating”,
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to a second operating mode known as "heat pump” or "heating",
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to a mode of operation known as "dehumidification",
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of FIG. 1 according to a mode of operation known as "defrosting",
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to an operating mode called "cooling of a component”
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to a so-called "hot gas" operating mode
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to a mode of operation called "heat pump double trigger”.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 of a motor vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 makes it possible to modify the aerothermal parameters of a passenger compartment of a vehicle by diffusing a cabin air flow FH, or interior air flow, at a defined temperature inside. of the cockpit.
  • the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 may comprise a blower (not shown) for circulating the interior airflow FH from at least one air intake mouth to at least one mouth air diffusion in the passenger compartment.
  • a blower (not shown) for circulating the interior airflow FH from at least one air intake mouth to at least one mouth air diffusion in the passenger compartment.
  • it may be a defrosting / defogging mouth capable of diffusing the cabin airflow FH to the windshield and / or windows of the vehicle.
  • the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system 1 comprises an air-conditioning loop 3, in which a refrigerant fluid FR circulates, and a secondary loop 5, in which circulates an heat-transfer fluid FC, such as a mixture of water and glycol.
  • a refrigerant fluid FR circulates
  • FC heat-transfer fluid
  • the terms “downstream”, “upstream”, “in series” and “in parallel” describe the position of one component relative to another, according to the direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR in the loop of air conditioning 3 or in the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid FC in the secondary loop 5.
  • the terms "open” and “closed” describe the state of a component allowing, respectively, to allow and / or block a passage of refrigerant FR or heat transfer fluid FC.
  • the air-conditioning loop 3 comprises a compressor 7, an external heat exchanger 9, adapted to ensure a heat exchange with an outside air flow FE, a first indoor heat exchanger 11, adapted to ensure a heat exchange with the cabin air flow FH, at least a first expansion member 13i, adapted to ensure an expansion of the refrigerant fluid FR.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 comprises the first expansion member 13i, a second expansion member 13 2 and a third expansion member 133, adapted to provide an expansion of the refrigerant fluid FR.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 comprises at least a first switching member 15i, for configuring the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 in different operating modes.
  • the air-conditioning loop 3 comprises the first switching member 15i, a second switching member 15 2 and a third switching member 15 3 , making it possible to configure the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation 1 in different modes of operation. operation.
  • the different operating modes of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system are, for example:
  • air-conditioning a mode of operation known as "air-conditioning”, able to cool the flow of cabin air FH diffused in the passenger compartment
  • heat pump a mode of operation known as "heat pump” or “heating”
  • heat pump a second mode of operation called “heat pump” or “heating”, able to dehumidify and then heat the flow of cabin air FH diffused in the passenger compartment,
  • dehumidification a mode of operation called "dehumidification", able to dehumidify the interior airflow FH diffused into the passenger compartment,
  • defrosting a mode of operation called "defrosting", capable of ensuring a defrosting of the external heat exchanger
  • cooling of a component able to cool a component arranged in the vehicle
  • hot gas a mode of operation known as "hot gas"
  • the air conditioning loop 3 and the secondary loop 5 are interacting via a bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, adapted to ensure a heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid FR and the coolant FC.
  • the secondary loop 5 comprises a second indoor heat exchanger 21, adapted to provide a heat exchange with the cabin air flow FH diffused into the passenger compartment.
  • the secondary loop 5 may comprise a pump, not shown, adapted to ensure the circulation of the heat transfer fluid FC in the secondary loop 5.
  • the compressor 7 receives, at its inlet, the refrigerating fluid FR in the gaseous state, at low pressure and at low temperature, as illustrated schematically by the acronym BP in the figures.
  • the compressor 7 makes it possible to raise the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerating fluid FR, as schematically illustrated by the symbol HP in the figures.
  • an accumulator 23 can be provided upstream of the compressor 7, making it possible to separate a gaseous phase and a liquid phase from the refrigerating fluid FR so as to avoid an intake of refrigerant fluid FR in the state
  • the external heat exchanger 9 is, for example, arranged at the front of the vehicle so as to be traversed by the outside air flow FE from the outside of the vehicle. vehicle.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 9 is able to function as a condenser or as an evaporator, depending on the operating mode of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 9 receives the refrigerant FR in the form of gas at high pressure and at high temperature.
  • the high pressure, high temperature gas yields heat to the outside air flow FE, passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 9, which has the effect of heating the outside air flow FE.
  • the refrigerant FR evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 9.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR absorbs heat from the outside air flow FE, passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 9 , which has the effect of cooling the outside air flow FE.
  • a first expansion member 13i is advantageously arranged in series with the external heat exchanger 9. More specifically, the first expansion member 13i is interposed between the external heat exchanger 9 and a third member switching 153. Furthermore, the third switching member 153 is connected to the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR flows in series in the first expansion member 13i, so as to lower the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR, then in the external heat exchanger 9.
  • first bypass device 25i in parallel with the first expansion member 13i, so as to form a bypass so that the refrigerant fluid undergoes a prior expansion.
  • the first bypass device 25i is thus able to allow or prohibit a circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR inside the first expansion member 13i, to which it is assigned.
  • the first bypass device 25i comprises for example a first non-return valve 24i allowing the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR in one direction and prohibiting the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR in the other direction.
  • the first bypass device 25i may comprise a two-way valve whose opening is controlled so that the refrigerant fluid bypasses the first expansion member 13i. The two-way valve can therefore be arranged alone or in parallel with the first non-return valve 241.
  • the first indoor heat exchanger 11 similar to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, is able to function as a condenser or as an evaporator depending on the operating mode of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1.
  • the first indoor heat exchanger 11 receives the refrigerant FR in the form of gas at high pressure and at high temperature.
  • the high-pressure, high-temperature gas transfers heat to the interior air flow passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, which has the effect of heating the interior airflow FH able to be diffused in the passenger compartment. .
  • the refrigerant FR evaporates in the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR absorbs the heat of the cabin air flow FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, which has the effect of cooling the flow of cabin air FH suitable for being diffused in the passenger compartment .
  • a second expansion member 132 is arranged in series with the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the trigger is used to lower the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant FR.
  • the second expansion member 132 is interposed between the third switching member 153 and the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR flows in the second expansion member 132, to lower the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR, before crossing the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR flows in the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and then in the second expansion member 132, so as to lower the pressure and the temperature of the fluid FR refrigerant after the condensation.
  • the second bypass device 252 is provided in parallel with the second expansion member 132, so as to form a bypass so that the refrigerant FR undergoes a prior expansion.
  • the second bypass device 252 is therefore able to allow or prohibit a circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR inside the second expansion member 132, to which it is assigned.
  • the second bypass device 252 comprises, for example, a second non-return valve 24 2 allowing the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in one direction, and prohibiting the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in the other direction.
  • the second bypass device 252 can be realized by a two-way valve.
  • the second bypass device 252 may comprise a two-way valve whose opening is controlled so that the refrigerant bypasses the second expansion member 132.
  • the two-way valve can be arranged alone or in parallel with the second non-return valve 24 2 .
  • a third expansion member 133 is interposed between the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, so that the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is interposed between the second trigger member 132 and the third trigger member 133.
  • the coolant FR is able to circulate in series in the third expansion member 133 and then in the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the trigger is used to lower the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant FR.
  • the third bypass device 3 is able to allow or prohibit a circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR inside the third expansion member 133, to which it is assigned.
  • the third bypass device 253 comprises, for example, a third non-return valve 24 3 allowing the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in one direction, and prohibiting the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in the other direction.
  • the third bypass device 3 may comprise a two-way valve 26.
  • the two-way valve 26 can thus be arranged alone or in parallel with the third non-return valve 24 3 .
  • the third bypass device 253 comprises a third non-return valve 24 3 and a two-way valve 26 in parallel.
  • the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is, according to the illustrated example, arranged upstream, in the direction of flow of the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the second heat exchanger internal heat 21 of the secondary loop 5.
  • Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous for dehumidifying the flow of cabin air FH adapted to be diffused into the passenger compartment by cooling it by passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 before heating it through the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 further comprises three switching members, respectively the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153, arranged so as to configure the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 between different modes of operation in a simple manner.
  • the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are formed as three-way valves.
  • the first switching member 15i is arranged in series between the compressor 7 and the second switching member 15 2 .
  • the first switching member 15i has a first channel and a second channel for the circulation of the refrigerant FR, the first channel and the second channel being separate.
  • the first channel of the first switching member 15i is such that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the external heat exchanger 9.
  • the second channel of the first switching member 15i is such that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
  • the second switching member 15 2 is arranged in series between the first switching member 15i and the third switching member 153.
  • the second switching member 15 2 comprises a first channel and a second channel for the circulation of the refrigerant FR, the first channel and the second channel being separate.
  • the first channel of the second switching member 15 2 is such that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 to the compressor 7.
  • the second channel of the second switching member 2 is such that the refrigerant FR circulates from the outdoor heat exchanger 9 to the compressor 7.
  • the third switching member 153 is arranged between the outdoor heat exchanger 9 and the first indoor heat exchanger 11. More particularly, the third switching member 153 is arranged between the first expansion member 13i and the second expansion member 13 2 .
  • the third switching member 153 also has a first channel and a second channel for the circulation of the refrigerant FR, the first channel and the second channel being separate.
  • the first channel of the third switching member 153 is such that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the external heat exchanger 9 to the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR can also circulate in the first channel of the third switching member 153 in the other direction, namely from the first indoor heat exchanger 11 to the outdoor heat exchanger 9.
  • the second channel of the third switching 3 is such that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the first indoor heat exchanger 11 to the compressor 7.
  • the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 make it possible to implement or bypass the various elements constituting the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 depending on the operating mode. defined.
  • the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 is able to function as a condenser or as an evaporator according to the method of the invention. operation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1.
  • the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 operates as a condenser
  • the refrigerant fluid FR flows in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 in the form of hot gas which gives heat to the coolant FC.
  • the secondary loop 5 then functions as a heating system.
  • the cooling fluid FR When the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 operates as an evaporator, the cooling fluid FR, while evaporating, absorbs the heat of the coolant FC, which has the effect of cooling the coolant FC.
  • the secondary loop 5 then functions as a cooling system.
  • an additional heat exchanger 27 may be arranged downstream of the second indoor heat exchanger 21, according to the flow direction of the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the additional heat exchanger 27 may in particular be an electric resistance heating radiator, in particular with a positive temperature coefficient.
  • the additional heat exchanger 27 may, for example, be implemented to compensate for a cooling of the cabin air flow FH.
  • the secondary loop 5 may comprise an auxiliary heat exchanger 29, as shown in Figure 7, between the heat transfer fluid FC and a component embedded in the vehicle, including an electrical component of the vehicle.
  • the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 is connected to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
  • Figure 7 shows more particularly an auxiliary heat exchanger 29 between the heat transfer fluid and a battery of the vehicle.
  • Other components are conceivable such as an electric motor or an electronic power unit.
  • the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 can be implemented to cool such an electrical component in the operating mode called "cooling a component".
  • Cooling a component The various modes of operation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 are now described. More specifically, Figures 2 to 9 are schematic representations of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 according to different respective modes of operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 in the operating mode called "air conditioning".
  • air-conditioning mode of operation makes it possible to condition the interior airflow FH capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment of the vehicle in order to cool it down.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the compressor 7, is first condensed in the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as a condenser, then undergoes expansion in the second expansion member 13 2 , before pass into the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
  • the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused into the passenger compartment through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is thus cooled.
  • the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 , the third member switching circuit 153 are arranged so that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, operating as a condenser.
  • the third switching member 153 is arranged so that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the outdoor heat exchanger 9 to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
  • the first channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
  • the first channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
  • the first bypass device 25i is opened in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
  • the second bypass device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
  • the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
  • the third switching member 153, the first 25i bypass device and the second bypass device 25 2 are arranged so that the refrigerant FR flows to the third switching member 153 bypassing the first detent 13i. Then, the refrigerant fluid FR flows to the second expansion member 13 2 undergoing a relaxation prior to through the second heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR By passing through the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as a condenser, the refrigerant fluid FR, in the gaseous state at high pressure and at high temperature, gives heat to the outside air flow FE.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR When passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, the refrigerating fluid FR, while evaporating, absorbs the heat of the airflow FH passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11. The flow of cabin air FH passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is thus cooled.
  • the secondary loop 5 is deactivated so that the heat transfer fluid FC does not circulate between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
  • the interior air flow FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, then optionally the second indoor heat 21 downstream of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, does not undergo additional heat exchange.
  • the cooled cabin air flow FH reduces the air temperature of the passenger compartment.
  • the refrigerant FR at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, then returns to the compressor 7, to start a cycle again.
  • the fluid FR refrigerant can previously undergo a new expansion, for example, when a third expansion member is arranged downstream of the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the third bypass device 253 and the second switching member 15 2 are arranged so that the refrigerant FR bypasses the third expansion member 133 and flows to the two-way heat exchanger. fluid 19 without additional expansion or heat exchange, then to the compressor 7.
  • the accumulator 23, possibly arranged upstream of the compressor 7, makes it possible to avoid the admission of refrigerant fluid FR in the liquid state into the compressor 7.
  • the compressor 7 thus receives, on admission, the refrigerant fluid FR in the gaseous state under low pressure and low temperature.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the first mode of operation called “heat pump” or “heating”.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the compressor 7 exchanges heat with the coolant FC in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, before undergoing a expansion, in the first expansion member 13i, and pass into the external heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator.
  • the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser, and that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, functioning as a condenser, without undergoing any relaxation.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
  • the second channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
  • the second channel of the second switching member 2 is opened, and, preferably, the second second switching channel 2 is closed, and
  • the first channel of the third switching member 153 is opened, and, preferably, the second channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
  • the first bypass device 25i is closed in parallel with the first expansion member 13i
  • the second bypass device 25 2 is opened in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
  • the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133, for example the two-way valve 26 is opened.
  • the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser thus receives at the inlet, on the one hand, the coolant FR, in the form of hot gas, and, on the other hand, the coolant FC.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR transfers heat to the heat transfer fluid FC which circulates in the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
  • the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 , so as to allow an exchange of heat between the refrigerant FR and the coolant FC.
  • the secondary loop 5 draws heat from the air conditioning loop 3, via the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, and then transfers the heat pulsed to the cabin air flow FH, via the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
  • the cabin airflow FH, passing through the second indoor heat exchanger 21, is thus heated and can heat the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 is such that the air conditioning loop 3 and the secondary loop 5 are used to heat the cabin air flow FH prior to diffusion inside the passenger compartment.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 makes it possible to ensure an improved subcooling of the refrigerant fluid FR.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR gives heat to the cabin air flow FH, able to be diffused into the passenger compartment.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR continues a condensation phase and / or the cooling fluid FR, in the liquid state, cools by a few degrees before leaving the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to ensure and maximize the subcooling of the refrigerant fluid FR.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR undergoes a relaxation, passing through the first expansion member 13i, lowering the pressure and the temperature, before evaporate in the outdoor heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator.
  • FR refrigerant in the state gaseous and low pressure and low temperature, then returns to the compressor 7 to start a cycle again.
  • the first mode of operation is a heating mode in which the cabin air flow FH is heated by the second indoor heat exchanger 21 of the secondary loop 5.
  • heat pump a heating mode in which the cabin air flow FH is heated by the second indoor heat exchanger 21 of the secondary loop 5.
  • the heat transfer fluid FC consists mainly of water, it is called heating mode on "water”.
  • the cabin air flow FH is advantageously a flow of fresh air coming from outside the vehicle, as opposed to using a recycled air flow from the passenger compartment.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the second mode of operation called "heat pump” or "heating".
  • the second operating mode called “heat pump” differs from the first mode of operation known as “heat pump” described above in that the secondary loop 5 is inactive, so that there is no heat exchange between FR refrigerant and FC coolant.
  • the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 , the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, without heat exchange, then, without undergoing expansion, to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, functioning as a condenser, then undergoes expansion through the first expansion member 13i and then circulates to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, functioning as an evaporator, then to the compressor 7.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
  • the second channel of the first switching element 15 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
  • the second channel of the second switching member 2 is opened, and preferably the first channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
  • the first bypass device 25i is closed in parallel with the first expansion member 13i
  • the second bypass device 25 2 is opened in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
  • the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133, for example the two-way valve 26 is opened.
  • the secondary loop 5 is deactivated so that there is no flow of heat transfer fluid FC.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure and at high temperature from the compressor 7, enters the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 in which there is no heat exchange.
  • the refrigerant FR at the outlet of the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, circulates in the first indoor heat exchanger 11, functioning as a condenser.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR then gives heat to the cabin airflow FH, able to be diffused in the passenger compartment passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR then undergoes a first expansion through the first expansion member 13i which lowers the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant fluid FR, then passes through the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as an evaporator, and then returns to the compressor 7 to start a cycle again.
  • the heating of the cabin air flow FH is done directly by an element of the air conditioning loop 3, here the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is called direct heating.
  • FIG 5 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "dehumidification”.
  • dehumidification makes it possible to dehumidify the flow of cabin air FH by cooling it and then to heat it through the second internal heat exchanger 21.
  • the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the heat exchanger.
  • bi-fluid heat 19, operating as a condenser then undergoes expansion through the third expansion member 133, then flows to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, bypasses the second expansion member 13 2 , and flows to the third channel switching member 153, and finally to the compressor 7.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that the second channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed, and
  • the second channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
  • bypass device 252 is opened in parallel with the second expansion member 132, and
  • the bypass device 253 is closed in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
  • the first bypass device 25i and the second switching member 152 are bypassed.
  • the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, so that to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid FR and the coolant FC.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure and at high temperature from the compressor 7, enters the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 operating as a condenser, and gives up heat to the coolant FC, to heat the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the cabin at the crossing of the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 undergoes expansion through the third expansion member 133 which lowers the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant fluid FR, before passing into the first exchanger indoor heat 11 operating as an evaporator.
  • the coolant FR, at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, can then return to the compressor 7 to restart a cycle.
  • the interior air flow FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is cooled and dehumidified before passing through the second indoor heat exchanger 21, to be heated, before being distributed in the passenger compartment.
  • the cabin airflow FH is advantageously a stream of recycled air coming from the passenger compartment as opposed to the use of an air flow. charges from outside the vehicle.
  • the third switching member 3 is arranged so that the refrigerant is sent to the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as an evaporator, undergoing a prior relaxation through the first detent 13i.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "defrost”.
  • the refrigerant FR follows the same path as in the operating mode called "air conditioning".
  • the secondary loop 5 is activated.
  • the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as an evaporator makes it possible to ensure the cooling of the coolant FC circulating in the secondary loop 5.
  • the first 15i switching, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerant FR circulates from the compressor 7 to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, operating as a condenser, then to the third switching member 153 bypassing the first expansion member 13i, in the second expansion member 13 2 , and then flows to the first internal heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, then bypasses the third expansion member 133 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 without additional expansion, and finally to the compressor 7.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
  • the first channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
  • the first channel of the second switching member 2 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
  • the first bypass device 25i is opened in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
  • the second bypass device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
  • the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
  • the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the heat transfer fluid FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, to ensure a heat exchange between the coolant FC and the refrigerant FR in the bi-fluid exchanger 19, operating as evaporator, so as to cool the coolant FC.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR in the gaseous state at high pressure and at high temperature, gives heat to the external air flow FE. Then at the passage of the refrigerant FR in the second expansion member 13 2 , the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR are lowered before circulating in the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
  • the cooling fluid FR evaporating When passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, the cooling fluid FR evaporating absorbs the heat of the cabin airflow FH. Thus, the calories are drawn from the cabin airflow FH, able to be broadcast in the passenger compartment.
  • the cooling fluid FR evaporating absorbs the heat of the coolant FC.
  • the calories are drawn from the heat transfer fluid FC, comprising for example a mixture of water and glycol.
  • the heat transfer fluid FC thus cooled returns to the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
  • the cabin airflow FH capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment passing through the indoor heat exchanger 21 is thus cooled.
  • the additional heat exchanger 27 for example an electric resistance heating radiator, in particular with a positive temperature coefficient, arranged downstream of the second indoor heat exchanger 21 , so as to compensate for the discomfort generated by cooling the FC heat transfer fluid and / or the passage of the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and / or the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and to heat the interior airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the cockpit.
  • auxiliary heat exchanger 29 it is possible to have, in the secondary loop 5, an auxiliary heat exchanger 29 to ensure a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid FC and a component of the vehicle, such as a battery for example.
  • the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 is, according to this alternative, connected to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
  • the second indoor heat exchanger 21 is no longer biased.
  • the heat transfer fluid FC circulating between the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 is cooled by heat exchange with the refrigerant fluid FR in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
  • the heat transfer fluid FC cooled allows to cool the vehicle component.
  • the so-called “defrosting” operating mode is also an operating mode called "cooling a component”.
  • the cabin airflow FH is advantageously a recycled air stream coming from the passenger compartment, as opposed to the use of an air flow. charges from outside the vehicle.
  • FIG 7 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "cooling a component".
  • the operating mode called "cooling a component” is done without using a conventional conditioning function, for example air conditioning.
  • the secondary loop 5 comprises an auxiliary heat exchanger 29 to ensure a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid FC and a component of the vehicle, such as a battery, for example.
  • the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 is, according to this alternative, connected at the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19
  • the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 , the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the external heat exchanger 9, operating as a condenser, bypasses the first expansion member 13i, then undergoes expansion through the second expansion member 13 2 , and passes through the first inner heat exchanger 11, operating as 'evaporator.
  • the refrigerant FR bypasses the third expansion member 133 and flows to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as an evaporator without additional expansion, and then returns to the compressor 7.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
  • the first channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the first switching element 15i is closed
  • the first channel of the second switching member 2 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
  • bypass device 25i is opened in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
  • the circumferential device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 and
  • the bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
  • the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, so that a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid FC and the refrigerant FR occurs in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as an evaporator, so as to cool the coolant FC.
  • the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is no longer traversed by the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the passenger compartment.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR follows a circuit substantially similar to the operating mode called "air conditioning" but without heat exchange in the first indoor heat exchanger 11 with the cabin air flow FH.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the compressor 7 is first condensed in the external heat exchanger 9, then undergoes expansion in the second expansion member 13 2 before passing into the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR, at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, then passes into the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, functioning as an evaporator, in order to ensure a heat exchange between the refrigerating fluid FR and the FC heat transfer fluid.
  • the coolant FC is then cooled and runs through the secondary loop 5 to cool the battery.
  • the second indoor heat exchanger 21 is not biased. Nevertheless, it is conceivable that the indoor heat exchanger 21 is arranged in parallel or in series with the auxiliary heat exchanger 29, suitable to cool the vehicle component.
  • the refrigerant FR at the outlet of the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, can return to the compressor 7 to start a cycle again.
  • FIG 8 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to a mode of operation called "hot gas".
  • the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the exchanger bi-fluid heat 19, operating as a condenser, then flows to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as a condenser without undergoing expansion, then to the second expansion member 13 2 and finally returns to the compressor 7 .
  • the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
  • the second channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed, and
  • the second channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
  • the second bypass device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
  • the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133, In the operating mode called "hot gas", the first bypass device 25i and the second switching member 15 2 are bypassed.
  • the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant FR and the heat transfer fluid FC.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure and at high temperature at the outlet of the compressor 7, enters the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, functioning as a condenser, and gives up heat to the heat transfer fluid FC, allowing the warming the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the cabin at the crossing of the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR then flows to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as a condenser, without undergoing expansion.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure and at high temperature at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, gives heat to the cabin airflow FH able to be diffused into the passenger compartment.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR undergoes a first expansion at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, through the second expansion member 13 2 , so that it remains a hot gas, before returning to the compressor 7 to start again. cycle.
  • FIG 9 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "dual-stage heat pump".
  • the refrigerant fluid FR circulates in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser.
  • the refrigerant FR undergoes a first expansion, through the third expansion member 133 or the second expansion member 13 2 , preferably the second expansion member 13 2 , then a second expansion, through the first expansion member 13i, before crossing the exchanger outdoor heat 9, operating as an evaporator.
  • the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the coolant FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser, then to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as a condenser, without undergoing expansion, then undergoes a first expansion through the second expansion member 13 2 , then flows to the first expansion member 13i so that the cooling fluid FR undergoes a second expansion, then flows into the external heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator, and finally to the compressor 7.
  • the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
  • the second channel of the first member 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching member 15i is closed,
  • the second channel of the second switching member 2 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
  • the first channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the third switching member 15 3 is closed. Moreover,
  • bypass device 25i is closed in parallel with the first expansion member 13i
  • circumvention device 252 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 132
  • the bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
  • the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the two-way heat exchanger.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure and at high temperature from the compressor 7, yields, in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, heat to the coolant FC, for heating the air flow cabin FH adapted to be diffused in the cabin at the crossing of the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR passes through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and then undergoes a first expansion, at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, through the second expansion member 132 which lowers the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant FR, then undergoes a second expansion through the first expansion member 13i which further decreases the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR, before passing through the external heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator.
  • the refrigerant fluid FR at the outlet of the external heat exchanger 9 can then return to the compressor 7 to restart a cycle.
  • the first expansion can be performed by the third expansion member 133.
  • the first heat exchanger Inner heat 11 operates as an evaporator.
  • the second expansion is performed by the second expansion member 13 2 or the first expansion member 13i.
  • the second bypass device 2 and the first bypass device 25 1 are configured accordingly.
  • the flow of cabin air FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is cooled and dehumidified before passing through the second indoor heat exchanger 21, to be heated, before being distributed in the passenger compartment.
  • the so-called "double-expansion heat pump" operating mode makes it possible to provide a dehumidification function for the passenger compartment flow FH suitable for being diffused in the passenger compartment through the first internal heat exchanger 11, functioning as a evaporator, wherein the cabin air flow FH is cooled and dehumidified, before being heated through the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
  • the startup sequence may include:
  • the air conditioning loop 3 is configured in the operating mode called “dehumidification”, or the operating mode called “defrost”, to remedy this drawback. It is therefore understood that the arrangement and the simultaneous and / or alternative control of the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 make it possible to easily change the operating mode of the control loop. air conditioning 3, using fewer components than in the arrangements of the prior art.
  • first expansion member 13i and the first bypass 25i have been described as components of the air conditioning loop 3 distinct.
  • first detent member 13i and the first bypass device 25i can be combined into a single detent / bypass member to form an integrated system.
  • the second expansion member 13 2 and the second check valve 24 2 have been described as components of the air conditioning loop 3 separate. However, alternatively, the second expansion member 13 2 and the second non-return valve 24 2 can be combined in a single detent / bypass member to form an integrated system.
  • the third expansion member 133, the third non-return valve 24 3 and the third two-way valve 26 have been described as components of the air conditioning loop 3 separate. However, alternatively, the third expansion member 133, the third non-return valve 24 3 and the third two-way valve 26 can be combined in a single expansion / bypass member to form an integrated system.
  • first expansion member 13i and the first bypass device 25i and the third switching member 153 have been described as separate components of the air conditioning loop 3.
  • first expansion member 13i and the first device 25i bypass and the third switching member 15 3 can be combined in a single detent / switching member to form an integrated system.
  • the second non-return valve 24 2 can be replaced by a two-way valve.

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Abstract

The invention relates to heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning equipment (1) for a motor vehicle, including: an air-conditioning loop (3), within which a coolant flows (FR) that includes a compressor (7), an external heat exchanger (9), an internal heat exchanger (11), and a secondary loop (5) within which a heat transfer fluid (FC) flows, the air-conditioning loop (3) and the secondary loop (5) interacting via a two-fluid heat exchanger (19). The air-conditioning loop (3) includes at least one first switching member (151), one second switching member (152) and one third switching member (153), the first switching member (151) being arranged between the compressor (7) and the second switching member (152), the second switching member (152) being arranged between the first switching member (151) and the third switching member (153), and the third switching member (153) being arranged between the external heat exchanger (9) and the first internal heat exchanger (11). The present invention also relates to a method for using such heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning equipment (1).

Description

Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation pour véhicule automobile et procédé de mise en œuvre d'une telle installation.  Heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system for a motor vehicle and method for implementing such an installation.
L'invention est propre au domaine des installations de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation d'un véhicule automobile, notamment un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride. L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de mise en œuvre d'une telle installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation selon divers modes de fonctionnement. Un véhicule automobile, notamment un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride dont la propulsion est assurée au moins partiellement par un moteur électrique, est couramment équipé d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation pour modifier les paramètres aérothermiques d'un habitacle du véhicule en délivrant un flux d'air conditionné à l'intérieur de l'habitacle. The invention is specific to the field of heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning of a motor vehicle, including an electric or hybrid motor vehicle. The invention also relates to a method of implementing such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system according to various modes of operation. A motor vehicle, particularly an electric or hybrid motor vehicle whose propulsion is at least partially provided by an electric motor, is commonly equipped with a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system to modify the aerothermal parameters of a passenger compartment of the vehicle. by delivering a flow of conditioned air inside the passenger compartment.
L'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation peut comprendre une boucle de climatisation, à l'intérieur de laquelle circule un fluide réfrigérant, et une boucle secondaire, à l'intérieur de laquelle circule un fluide caloporteur. Un échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide est intégré à la boucle de climatisation et à la boucle secondaire, de telle sorte que le fluide réfrigérant et le fluide caloporteur puissent échanger réciproquement de la chaleur. The heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system may comprise an air conditioning loop, within which a refrigerant circulates, and a secondary loop, inside which a heat transfer fluid circulates. A bi-fluid heat exchanger is integrated in the air conditioning loop and the secondary loop, so that the coolant and the heat transfer fluid can exchange heat reciprocally.
De façon traditionnelle, la boucle de climatisation comprend un compresseur, apte à comprimer le fluide réfrigérant, au moins un organe de détente, apte à permettre une détente du fluide réfrigérant, un échangeur de chaleur extérieur, apte à permettre un échange de chaleur entre le fluide réfrigérant et un flux d'air ambiant, tel qu'un flux d'air extérieur au véhicule, et un échangeur de chaleur intérieur, apte à permettre un échange de chaleur entre le fluide réfrigérant et un flux d'air intérieur, apte à être diffusé à l'intérieur de l'habitacle. De plus, la boucle de climatisation peut comprendre au moins un dispositif de commande, apte à permettre un agencement de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation selon divers modes de fonctionnement. In the traditional way, the air conditioning loop comprises a compressor, capable of compressing the refrigerant, at least one expansion member, adapted to allow expansion of the cooling fluid, an external heat exchanger, adapted to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant and a flow of ambient air, such as a flow of air outside the vehicle, and an indoor heat exchanger, adapted to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant and an indoor air flow, adapted to be broadcast inside the cabin. In addition, the air-conditioning loop may comprise at least one control device, capable of allowing an arrangement of the heating, ventilation and / or heating installation. air conditioning according to various modes of operation.
Par ailleurs, la boucle de climatisation peut également comprendre un accumulateur de fluide réfrigérant, apte à empêcher une admission de fluide réfrigérant à l'état liquide à l'intérieur du compresseur. Furthermore, the air conditioning loop may also include a refrigerant accumulator, adapted to prevent an intake of coolant in the liquid state inside the compressor.
La boucle secondaire comprend un deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur, apte à échanger de la chaleur avec le fluide caloporteur, avantageusement prévu pour le chauffage du flux d'air intérieur destiné apte à être diffusé à l'intérieur de l'habitacle. The secondary loop comprises a second indoor heat exchanger, capable of exchanging heat with the heat transfer fluid, advantageously provided for heating the interior air flow intended to be diffused inside the passenger compartment.
Cependant, l'utilisation d'une telle installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation alternativement selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "chauffage", dans lequel le flux d'air intérieur est réchauffé préalablement à la diffusion de celui-ci dans l'habitacle du véhicule, et selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation", dans lequel le flux d'air intérieur est refroidi préalablement à la diffusion de celui-ci dans l'habitacle, peut s'avérer inefficace. However, the use of such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system alternately according to a so-called "heating" mode of operation, wherein the interior air flow is reheated prior to the diffusion thereof into the The cabin of the vehicle, and according to a mode of operation called "air conditioning", in which the interior air flow is cooled prior to the diffusion of it in the passenger compartment, may prove ineffective.
En outre, de telles installations de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation peuvent présenter des risques de givrage de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur, par exemple lors du passage entre deux modes de fonctionnement de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation, notamment, en cas de température du flux d'air extérieur relativement basse ou lorsque l'on souhaite extraire de la chaleur du flux d'air extérieur. In addition, such heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning systems may pose risks of icing of the external heat exchanger, for example when switching between two modes of operation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system. in particular, when the temperature of the outside air flow is relatively low or when it is desired to extract heat from the outside air flow.
De plus, de telles installations de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation ne sont pas adaptées pour diffuser le flux d'air intérieur sans embuer le pare-brise et/ou les vitres du véhicule, par exemple lors du passage entre deux modes de fonctionnement de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation. In addition, such heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning systems are not suitable for diffusing the interior air flow without fogging the windshield and / or windows of the vehicle, for example when switching between two operating modes. the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system.
Par ailleurs, certaines installations de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation connues permettent d'assurer le refroidissement d'équipements électriques du véhicule, tels qu'une batterie, un moteur ou un boîtier électronique de puissance. Cependant, de telles installations de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation peuvent nécessiter un grand nombre de composants pour réaliser une telle fonction de refroidissement d'équipements électriques. Moreover, certain known heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installations make it possible to ensure the cooling of electrical equipment of the vehicle, such as a battery, engine or electronic power unit. However, such heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning systems may require a large number of components to perform such a cooling function of electrical equipment.
Un but de la présente invention est de proposer une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation apte à équiper un véhicule automobile électrique ou hybride, offrant divers modes de fonctionnement, notamment un mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation" et au moins un mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" ou "chauffage". De plus, une telle installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation est agencée pour permettre un mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage", et pour permettre de réaliser de façon simple un mode de fonctionnement dit " refroidissement d'un composant". Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de mise en œuvre d'une telle installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation afin de configurer l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation selon divers modes de fonctionnement de façon simple. À cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation pour véhicule automobile comprenant An object of the present invention is to provide a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system suitable for equipping an electric or hybrid motor vehicle, offering various modes of operation, in particular a mode of operation called "air conditioning" and at least one mode of operation. operation called "heat pump" or "heating". In addition, such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system is arranged to allow a so-called "defrost" operating mode, and to allow a simple way of operating a "cooling component" mode. Another object of the present invention is to propose a method of implementing such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation in order to configure the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system according to various operating modes so as to simple. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system for a motor vehicle comprising
- une boucle de climatisation à l'intérieur de laquelle circule un fluide réfrigérant comprenant un compresseur, un échangeur de chaleur extérieur, apte à assurer un échange de la chaleur avec un flux d'air extérieur, un premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur, apte à assurer un échange de la chaleur avec un flux d'air habitacle destiné à être diffusé dans un habitacle du véhicule, et,  an air conditioning loop inside which circulates a refrigerant fluid comprising a compressor, an external heat exchanger, capable of ensuring a heat exchange with an outside air flow, a first indoor heat exchanger, suitable for ensure a heat exchange with a cabin airflow intended to be diffused in a passenger compartment of the vehicle, and,
- une boucle secondaire à l'intérieur de laquelle circule un fluide caloporteur,  a secondary loop inside which a coolant circulates,
la boucle de climatisation et la boucle secondaire étant en interaction par l'intermédiaire d'un échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide, apte à assurer un échange de chaleur entre le fluide réfrigérant et le fluide caloporteur. Plus particulièrement, la boucle de climatisation comprend au moins un premier organe de commutation, un deuxième organe de commutation et un troisième organe de commutation, de telle sorte que : the air conditioning loop and the secondary loop being in interaction via a bi-fluid heat exchanger, adapted to ensure a heat exchange between the coolant and the coolant. More particularly, the air conditioning circuit comprises at least a first switching member, a second switching member and a third switching member, such that:
- le premier organe de commutation est agencé entre le compresseur et le deuxième organe de commutation,  the first switching member is arranged between the compressor and the second switching member,
- le deuxième organe de commutation est agencé entre le premier organe de commutation et le troisième organe de commutation, et  the second switching member is arranged between the first switching member and the third switching member, and
- le troisième organe de commutation est agencé entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur et le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur.  the third switching member is arranged between the external heat exchanger and the first indoor heat exchanger.
Avantageusement, l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur et/ou le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur et/ou l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide sont configurés pour fonctionner en tant que condenseur ou en tant qu'évaporateur. Advantageously, the external heat exchanger and / or the first indoor heat exchanger and / or the bi-fluid heat exchanger are configured to function as a condenser or as an evaporator.
De plus, la boucle de climatisation comprend: In addition, the air conditioning loop includes:
- un premier organe de détente, interposé entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur et le troisième organe de commutation, et/ou  a first expansion member interposed between the external heat exchanger and the third switching member, and / or
- un deuxième organe de détente, interposé entre le troisième organe de commutation et le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur, et/ou  a second expansion member interposed between the third switching member and the first indoor heat exchanger, and / or
- un troisième organe de détente, interposé entre le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide.  - A third expansion member interposed between the first indoor heat exchanger and the bi-fluid heat exchanger.
Avantageusement, la boucle de climatisation comprend au moins un dispositif de contournement disposé en parallèle du premier organe de détente et/ou en parallèle du deuxième organe de détente et/ou en parallèle du troisième organe de détente. Préférentiellement, un tel dispositif de contournement comprend un clapet anti-retour. De plus, le dispositif de contournement peut également comprendre une vanne deux-voies. Advantageously, the air conditioning circuit comprises at least one bypass device arranged in parallel with the first detent member and / or in parallel with the second detent member and / or in parallel with the third detent member. Preferably, such a bypass device comprises a nonreturn valve. In addition, the bypass device may also include a two-way valve.
Par ailleurs, la boucle de climatisation comprend un accumulateur agencé en amont du compresseur, selon le sens de circulation de fluide réfrigérant. Alternativement ou en complément, la boucle secondaire comprend un deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur, apte à assurer un échange de la chaleur avec un flux d'air habitacle. Selon un tel agencement, le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur est agencé en amont du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur, selon le sens d'écoulement du flux d'air habitacle apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle du véhicule. Furthermore, the air conditioning loop comprises an accumulator arranged upstream of the compressor, according to the refrigerant circulation direction. Alternatively or in addition, the secondary loop comprises a second indoor heat exchanger, adapted to ensure a heat exchange with a cabin air flow. According to such an arrangement, the first indoor heat exchanger is arranged upstream of the second indoor heat exchanger, according to the direction of flow of the cabin air flow capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
Par ailleurs, un échangeur de chaleur additionnel est avantageusement agencé en aval du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur, selon le sens d'écoulement du flux d'air habitacle apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle du véhicule. Furthermore, an additional heat exchanger is advantageously arranged downstream of the second indoor heat exchanger, according to the direction of flow of the cabin airflow capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
Selon une autre variante de réalisation, la boucle secondaire comprend un échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire, apte à assurer un échange de la chaleur entre le fluide caloporteur et un composant embarqué dans le véhicule. According to another alternative embodiment, the secondary loop comprises an auxiliary heat exchanger, adapted to ensure a heat exchange between the coolant and a component embedded in the vehicle.
La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de mise en œuvre d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation selon les caractéristiques détaillées précédemment comprenant au moins une étape d'agencement du premier organe de commutation, du deuxième organe de commutation et du troisième organe de commutation de sorte que, depuis le compresseur, le fluide réfrigérant circule successivement The subject of the present invention is also a method for implementing a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation according to the features detailed above, comprising at least one step of arranging the first switching member, the second switching member and of the third switching member so that, from the compressor, the coolant circulates successively
- dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur puis dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur, notamment selon un mode de fonctionnement dit in the external heat exchanger and then in the first indoor heat exchanger, in particular according to a so-called operating mode
"climatisation" ou selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage" ou selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant", et/ou "air conditioning" or according to a mode of operation called "defrosting" or according to a mode of operation called "cooling of a component", and / or
- dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide puis dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur, notamment dans un premier ou un deuxième mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" ou "chauffage" ou selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "déshumidification" ou selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "gaz chaud" ou selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur à double détente". in the bi-fluid heat exchanger and then in the first indoor heat exchanger, in particular in a first or a second operating mode called "heat pump" or "heating" or according to a mode of operation called "dehumidification" or according to a mode of operation known as "hot gas" or according to a mode of operation known as "heat pump with double expansion".
De plus, selon certains modes de fonctionnement, l'étape d'agencement du premier organe de commutation, du deuxième organe de commutation et du troisième organe de commutation est telle que le fluide réfrigérant circule également successivement dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur puis dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur. De plus, le procédé de mise en œuvre peut également comprendre : In addition, according to certain operating modes, the step of arranging the first switching member, the second switching member and the third switching member is such that the coolant also circulates successively in the first indoor heat exchanger and then in the the outdoor heat exchanger. In addition, the method of implementation may also include:
- une étape de désactivation de la boucle secondaire, ou  a step of deactivating the secondary loop, or
- une étape d'activation de la boucle secondaire.  a step of activating the secondary loop.
Par ailleurs, le procédé de mise en œuvre peut également comprendre : Moreover, the implementation method can also include:
- une étape d'ouverture d'un premier dispositif de contournement agencé en parallèle d'un premier organe de détente, le premier organe de détente étant interposé entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur et le troisième organe de commutation, et/ou  - A step of opening a first bypass device arranged in parallel with a first expansion member, the first expansion member being interposed between the external heat exchanger and the third switching member, and / or
- une étape d'ouverture d'un deuxième dispositif de contournement agencé en parallèle d'un deuxième organe de détente, le deuxième organe de détente étant interposé entre le troisième organe de commutation et le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur, et/ou  - A step of opening a second bypass device arranged in parallel with a second expansion member, the second expansion member being interposed between the third switching member and the first indoor heat exchanger, and / or
- une étape d'ouverture d'un troisième dispositif de contournement agencé en parallèle d'un troisième organe de détente, le troisième organe de détente étant interposé entre le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide.  - A step of opening a third bypass device arranged in parallel with a third expansion member, the third expansion member being interposed between the first indoor heat exchanger and the bi-fluid heat exchanger.
De façon complémentaire, le procédé de mise en œuvre peut également comprendre : In a complementary manner, the implementation method can also comprise:
- une étape d'activation de l'échangeur de chaleur additionnel. Bien entendu les différentes caractéristiques, variantes et/ou formes de réalisation de la présente invention peuvent être associées les unes avec les autres selon diverses combinaisons dans la mesure où elles ne sont pas incompatibles ou exclusives les unes des autres. an activation step of the additional heat exchanger. Of course the various features, variations and / or embodiments of the present invention may be associated with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or exclusive of each other.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront encore à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit comprenant des modes de réalisation donnés à titre illustratif en référence avec les figures annexées, présentés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, qui pourront servir à compléter la compréhension de la présente invention et l'exposé de sa réalisation et, le cas échéant, contribuer à sa définition, sur lesquelles : The present invention will be better understood and other characteristics and advantages will become apparent on reading the following detailed description comprising embodiments given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures, presented by way of non-limiting examples, which may be used to complete the understanding of the present invention and the presentation of its realization and, where appropriate, to contribute to its definition, in which:
- la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation d'un véhicule automobile selon la présente invention,  FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of a motor vehicle according to the present invention,
- la figure 2 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation",  FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of FIG. 1 according to a mode of operation known as "air-conditioning",
- la figure 3 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon un premier mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" ou "chauffage",  FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of FIG. 1 according to a first operating mode known as "heat pump" or "heating",
- la figure 4 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon un deuxième mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" ou "chauffage", FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to a second operating mode known as "heat pump" or "heating",
- la figure 5 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon un mode de fonctionnement dit " déshumidification", FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to a mode of operation known as "dehumidification",
- la figure 6 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage",  FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of FIG. 1 according to a mode of operation known as "defrosting",
- la figure 7 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant", - la figure 8 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "gaz chaud", et FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to an operating mode called "cooling of a component", FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to a so-called "hot gas" operating mode, and
- la figure 9 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur à double détente".  - Figure 9 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to a mode of operation called "heat pump double trigger".
Il est à noter que, sur les figures, les éléments structurels et/ou fonctionnels communs aux différents modes de réalisation peuvent présenter les mêmes références. Ainsi, sauf mention contraire, de tels éléments disposent de propriétés structurelles, dimensionnelles et matérielles identiques. It should be noted that, in the figures, the structural and / or functional elements common to the various embodiments may have the same references. Thus, unless otherwise stated, such elements have identical structural, dimensional and material properties.
La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 d'un véhicule automobile selon la présente invention. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 of a motor vehicle according to the present invention.
Une telle installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 permet de modifier les paramètres aérothermiques d'un habitacle d'un véhicule en diffusant un flux d'air habitacle FH, ou flux d'air intérieur, à température définie à l'intérieur de l'habitacle. Such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 makes it possible to modify the aerothermal parameters of a passenger compartment of a vehicle by diffusing a cabin air flow FH, or interior air flow, at a defined temperature inside. of the cockpit.
À cet effet, l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 peut comprendre un pulseur (non représenté) pour faire circuler le flux d'air habitacle FH depuis au moins une bouche d'admission d'air vers au moins une bouche de diffusion d'air dans l'habitacle. Notamment, il peut s'agir d'une bouche de dégivrage/désembuage apte à diffuser le flux d'air habitacle FH vers le pare- brise et/ou les vitres du véhicule. For this purpose, the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 may comprise a blower (not shown) for circulating the interior airflow FH from at least one air intake mouth to at least one mouth air diffusion in the passenger compartment. In particular, it may be a defrosting / defogging mouth capable of diffusing the cabin airflow FH to the windshield and / or windows of the vehicle.
Selon la présente invention, l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 comporte une boucle de climatisation 3, dans laquelle circule un fluide réfrigérant FR, et une boucle secondaire 5, dans laquelle circule un fluide caloporteur FC, tel qu'un mélange d'eau et de glycol. Selon la présente invention, les termes "aval", "amont", "en série" et "en parallèle" qualifient la position d'un composant par rapport à un autre, selon le sens de circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR dans la boucle de climatisation 3 ou selon le sens de circulation du fluide caloporteur FC dans la boucle secondaire 5. According to the present invention, the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system 1 comprises an air-conditioning loop 3, in which a refrigerant fluid FR circulates, and a secondary loop 5, in which circulates an heat-transfer fluid FC, such as a mixture of water and glycol. According to the present invention, the terms "downstream", "upstream", "in series" and "in parallel" describe the position of one component relative to another, according to the direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR in the loop of air conditioning 3 or in the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid FC in the secondary loop 5.
De plus, selon la présente invention, les termes "ouvert" et "fermé" qualifient l'état d'un composant permettant, respectivement, d'autoriser et/ou de bloquer un passage de fluide réfrigérant FR ou de fluide caloporteur FC. In addition, according to the present invention, the terms "open" and "closed" describe the state of a component allowing, respectively, to allow and / or block a passage of refrigerant FR or heat transfer fluid FC.
Selon l'exemple de réalisation présenté, la boucle de climatisation 3 comprend un compresseur 7, un échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, apte à assurer un échange de la chaleur avec un flux d'air extérieur FE, un premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , apte à assurer un échange de la chaleur avec le flux d'air habitacle FH, au moins un premier organe de détente 13i, apte à assurer une détente du fluide réfrigérant FR. Préférentiellement, la boucle de climatisation 3 comprend le premier organe de détente 13i, un deuxième organe de détente 132 et un troisième organe de détente 133, aptes à assurer une détente du fluide réfrigérant FR. De plus, la boucle de climatisation 3 comprend au moins un premier organe de commutation 15i, permettant de configurer l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 en différents modes de fonctionnement. Préférentiellement, la boucle de climatisation 3 comprend le premier organe de commutation 15i, un deuxième organe de commutation 152 et un troisième organe de commutation 153, permettant de configurer l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 en différents modes de fonctionnement. According to the exemplary embodiment presented, the air-conditioning loop 3 comprises a compressor 7, an external heat exchanger 9, adapted to ensure a heat exchange with an outside air flow FE, a first indoor heat exchanger 11, adapted to ensure a heat exchange with the cabin air flow FH, at least a first expansion member 13i, adapted to ensure an expansion of the refrigerant fluid FR. Preferably, the air conditioning loop 3 comprises the first expansion member 13i, a second expansion member 13 2 and a third expansion member 133, adapted to provide an expansion of the refrigerant fluid FR. In addition, the air conditioning loop 3 comprises at least a first switching member 15i, for configuring the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 in different operating modes. Preferably, the air-conditioning loop 3 comprises the first switching member 15i, a second switching member 15 2 and a third switching member 15 3 , making it possible to configure the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation 1 in different modes of operation. operation.
Les différents modes de fonctionnement de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation sont, à titre, d'exemple : The different operating modes of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system are, for example:
- un mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation", apte à refroidir le flux d'air habitacle FH diffusé dans l'habitacle, - un premier mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" ou "chauffage", apte à chauffer le flux d'air habitacle FH diffusé dans l'habitacle, a mode of operation known as "air-conditioning", able to cool the flow of cabin air FH diffused in the passenger compartment, a first mode of operation known as "heat pump" or "heating", able to heat the flow of cabin air FH diffused into the passenger compartment,
- un deuxième mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" ou "chauffage", apte à déshumidifier puis chauffer le flux d'air habitacle FH diffusé dans l'habitacle,  a second mode of operation called "heat pump" or "heating", able to dehumidify and then heat the flow of cabin air FH diffused in the passenger compartment,
- un mode de fonctionnement dit "déshumidification ", apte à déshumidifier le flux d'air habitacle FH diffusé dans l'habitacle,  a mode of operation called "dehumidification", able to dehumidify the interior airflow FH diffused into the passenger compartment,
- un mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage", apte à assurer un dégivrage de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur,  a mode of operation called "defrosting", capable of ensuring a defrosting of the external heat exchanger,
- un mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant", apte à refroidir un composant agencé dans le véhicule,  a mode of operation called "cooling of a component", able to cool a component arranged in the vehicle,
- un mode de fonctionnement dit "gaz chaud", et  a mode of operation known as "hot gas", and
- un mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur à double détente".  - a mode of operation called "heat pump with double expansion".
Les différents modes de fonctionnement seront décrits plus en détail par la suite. The different modes of operation will be described in more detail later.
La boucle de climatisation 3 et la boucle secondaire 5 sont en interaction par l'intermédiaire d'un échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, apte à assurer un échange de chaleur entre le fluide réfrigérant FR et le fluide caloporteur FC. The air conditioning loop 3 and the secondary loop 5 are interacting via a bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, adapted to ensure a heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid FR and the coolant FC.
La boucle secondaire 5 comporte un deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 , apte à assurer un échange de chaleur avec le flux d'air habitacle FH diffusé dans l'habitacle. The secondary loop 5 comprises a second indoor heat exchanger 21, adapted to provide a heat exchange with the cabin air flow FH diffused into the passenger compartment.
En outre, la boucle secondaire 5 peut comporter une pompe, non représentée, apte à assurer la circulation du fluide caloporteur FC dans la boucle secondaire 5. In addition, the secondary loop 5 may comprise a pump, not shown, adapted to ensure the circulation of the heat transfer fluid FC in the secondary loop 5.
En fonctionnement, le compresseur 7 reçoit, en entrée, le fluide réfrigérant FR à l'état gazeux, à basse pression et à basse température, tel qu'illustré schématiquement par le sigle BP sur les figures. Le compresseur 7 permet d'élever la pression et la température du fluide réfrigérant FR, tel qu'illustré schématiquement par le sigle HP sur les figures. De plus, on peut prévoir un accumulateur 23 en amont du compresseur 7, permettant d'assurer une séparation d'une phase gazeuse et d'une phase liquide du fluide réfrigérant FR de manière à éviter une admission de fluide réfrigérant FR à l'état liquide à l'intérieur du compresseur 7. L'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 est, par exemple, agencé au niveau de la face avant du véhicule de manière à être traversé par le flux d'air extérieur FE en provenance de l'extérieur du véhicule. In operation, the compressor 7 receives, at its inlet, the refrigerating fluid FR in the gaseous state, at low pressure and at low temperature, as illustrated schematically by the acronym BP in the figures. The compressor 7 makes it possible to raise the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerating fluid FR, as schematically illustrated by the symbol HP in the figures. In addition, an accumulator 23 can be provided upstream of the compressor 7, making it possible to separate a gaseous phase and a liquid phase from the refrigerating fluid FR so as to avoid an intake of refrigerant fluid FR in the state The external heat exchanger 9 is, for example, arranged at the front of the vehicle so as to be traversed by the outside air flow FE from the outside of the vehicle. vehicle.
L'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 est apte à fonctionner en tant que condenseur ou en tant qu'évaporateur, selon le mode de fonctionnement de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 . The outdoor heat exchanger 9 is able to function as a condenser or as an evaporator, depending on the operating mode of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1.
En tant que condenseur, l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 reçoit le fluide réfrigérant FR sous forme de gaz à haute pression et à haute température. Le gaz à haute pression et à haute température cède de la chaleur au flux d'air extérieur FE, traversant l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, ce qui a pour effet de réchauffer le flux d'air extérieur FE. As a condenser, the outdoor heat exchanger 9 receives the refrigerant FR in the form of gas at high pressure and at high temperature. The high pressure, high temperature gas yields heat to the outside air flow FE, passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 9, which has the effect of heating the outside air flow FE.
En tant qu'évaporateur, le fluide réfrigérant FR s'évapore dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9. En s'évaporant, le fluide réfrigérant FR absorbe la chaleur du flux d'air extérieur FE, traversant l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, ce qui a pour effet de refroidir le flux d'air extérieur FE. As an evaporator, the refrigerant FR evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 9. By evaporating, the refrigerating fluid FR absorbs heat from the outside air flow FE, passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 9 , which has the effect of cooling the outside air flow FE.
Selon la présente invention, un premier organe de détente 13i est, avantageusement, agencé en série avec l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9. Plus précisément, le premier organe de détente 13i est interposé entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 et un troisième organe de commutation 153. Par ailleurs, le troisième organe de commutation 153 est connecté au premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . According to the present invention, a first expansion member 13i is advantageously arranged in series with the external heat exchanger 9. More specifically, the first expansion member 13i is interposed between the external heat exchanger 9 and a third member switching 153. Furthermore, the third switching member 153 is connected to the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
En particulier, lorsque l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 fonctionne en tant qu'évaporateur, le fluide réfrigérant FR circule en série dans le premier organe de détente 13i, de façon à abaisser la pression et la température du fluide réfrigérant FR, puis dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9. In particular, when the external heat exchanger 9 operates as an evaporator, the refrigerant fluid FR flows in series in the first expansion member 13i, so as to lower the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR, then in the external heat exchanger 9.
Par ailleurs, on peut prévoir un premier dispositif de contournement 25i en parallèle du premier organe de détente 13i, de façon à former un by-pass afin que le fluide réfrigérant ne subisse une détente préalable. Avantageusement, le premier dispositif de contournement 25i est donc apte à autoriser ou interdire une circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR à l'intérieur du premier organe de détente 13i, auquel il est affecté. Moreover, it is possible to provide a first bypass device 25i in parallel with the first expansion member 13i, so as to form a bypass so that the refrigerant fluid undergoes a prior expansion. Advantageously, the first bypass device 25i is thus able to allow or prohibit a circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR inside the first expansion member 13i, to which it is assigned.
Le premier dispositif de contournement 25i comporte par exemple un premier clapet anti-retour 24i autorisant la circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR, dans un sens, et interdisant la circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR, dans l'autre sens. En variante, lorsque l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 fonctionne en tant que condenseur, le fluide réfrigérant FR circule en série dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 puis dans le premier organe de détente 13i, de façon à abaisser la pression et la température du fluide réfrigérant FR après la condensation, En variante ou en complément, le premier dispositif de contournement 25i peut comprendre une vanne deux-voies dont l'ouverture est commandée de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant contourne le premier organe de détente 13i . La vanne deux-voies peut donc être agencée seule ou en parallèle du premier clapet antiretour 241 . The first bypass device 25i comprises for example a first non-return valve 24i allowing the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR in one direction and prohibiting the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR in the other direction. In a variant, when the external heat exchanger 9 operates as a condenser, the refrigerant fluid FR flows in series in the external heat exchanger 9 and then in the first expansion member 13i, so as to lower the pressure and the temperature After the condensation, Alternatively or additionally, the first bypass device 25i may comprise a two-way valve whose opening is controlled so that the refrigerant fluid bypasses the first expansion member 13i. The two-way valve can therefore be arranged alone or in parallel with the first non-return valve 241.
Le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , de façon similaire à l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, est susceptible de fonctionner en tant que condenseur ou tant qu'évaporateur selon le mode de fonctionnement de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 . The first indoor heat exchanger 11, similar to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, is able to function as a condenser or as an evaporator depending on the operating mode of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1.
En tant que condenseur, le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 reçoit le fluide réfrigérant FR sous forme de gaz à haute pression et à haute température. Le gaz à haute pression et à haute température cède de la chaleur au flux d'air habitacle traversant le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , ce qui a pour effet de réchauffer le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle. As a condenser, the first indoor heat exchanger 11 receives the refrigerant FR in the form of gas at high pressure and at high temperature. The high-pressure, high-temperature gas transfers heat to the interior air flow passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, which has the effect of heating the interior airflow FH able to be diffused in the passenger compartment. .
En tant qu'évaporateur, le fluide réfrigérant FR s'évapore dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . En s'évaporant, le fluide réfrigérant FR absorbe la chaleur du flux d'air habitacle FH traversant le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , ce qui a pour effet de refroidir le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle. As an evaporator, the refrigerant FR evaporates in the first indoor heat exchanger 11. By evaporating, the refrigerating fluid FR absorbs the heat of the cabin air flow FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, which has the effect of cooling the flow of cabin air FH suitable for being diffused in the passenger compartment .
Selon le mode de réalisation illustré, un deuxième organe de détente 132 est agencé en série avec le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . La détente permet d'abaisser la pression et la température du fluide réfrigérant FR. Avantageusement, le deuxième organe de détente 132 est interposé entre le troisième organe de commutation 153 et le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . According to the illustrated embodiment, a second expansion member 132 is arranged in series with the first indoor heat exchanger 11. The trigger is used to lower the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant FR. Advantageously, the second expansion member 132 is interposed between the third switching member 153 and the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
En particulier, lorsque le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 fonctionne en tant qu'évaporateur, le fluide réfrigérant FR circule dans le deuxième organe de détente 132, permettant d'abaisser la pression et la température du fluide réfrigérant FR, avant de traverser le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . In particular, when the first indoor heat exchanger 11 operates as an evaporator, the refrigerant fluid FR flows in the second expansion member 132, to lower the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR, before crossing the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
En variante, lorsque le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 fonctionne en tant que condenseur, le fluide réfrigérant FR circule dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 puis dans le deuxième organe de détente 132, de façon à abaisser la pression et la température du fluide réfrigérant FR après la condensation. Alternatively, when the first indoor heat exchanger 11 operates as a condenser, the refrigerant fluid FR flows in the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and then in the second expansion member 132, so as to lower the pressure and the temperature of the fluid FR refrigerant after the condensation.
Par ailleurs, on peut prévoir un deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 en parallèle du deuxième organe de détente 132, de façon à former un by-pass afin que le fluide réfrigérant FR ne subisse une détente préalable. Avantageusement, le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 est donc apte à autoriser ou interdire une circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR à l'intérieur du deuxième organe de détente 132, auquel il est affecté. Le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 comporte, par exemple, un deuxième clapet anti-retour 242 autorisant la circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR, dans un sens, et interdisant la circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR, dans l'autre sens. Alternativement, le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 peut être réalisé par une vanne deux-voies. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a second bypass device 252 in parallel with the second expansion member 132, so as to form a bypass so that the refrigerant FR undergoes a prior expansion. Advantageously, the second bypass device 252 is therefore able to allow or prohibit a circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR inside the second expansion member 132, to which it is assigned. The second bypass device 252 comprises, for example, a second non-return valve 24 2 allowing the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in one direction, and prohibiting the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in the other direction. Alternatively, the second bypass device 252 can be realized by a two-way valve.
En variante ou en complément, le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 peut comprendre une vanne deux-voies dont l'ouverture est commandée de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant contourne le deuxième organe de détente 132. La vanne deux-voies peut donc être agencée seule ou en parallèle du deuxième clapet anti-retour 242. Alternatively or in addition, the second bypass device 252 may comprise a two-way valve whose opening is controlled so that the refrigerant bypasses the second expansion member 132. The two-way valve can be arranged alone or in parallel with the second non-return valve 24 2 .
De plus, selon le mode de réalisation illustré, un troisième organe de détente 133 est interposé entre le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, de sorte que le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 est interposé entre le deuxième organe de détente 132 et le troisième organe de détente 133. In addition, according to the illustrated embodiment, a third expansion member 133 is interposed between the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, so that the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is interposed between the second trigger member 132 and the third trigger member 133.
En particulier, lorsque le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 fonctionne en tant qu'évaporateur, le fluide réfrigérant FR est susceptible de circuler en série dans le troisième organe de détente 133 puis dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . La détente permet d'abaisser la pression et la température du fluide réfrigérant FR. Par ailleurs, on peut prévoir un troisième dispositif de contournement 253 en parallèle du troisième organe de détente 133, de façon à former un by-pass afin le fluide réfrigérant FR ne subisse une détente préalable. Avantageusement, le troisième dispositif de contournement 253 est apte à autoriser ou interdire une circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR à l'intérieur du troisième organe de détente 133, auquel il est affecté. In particular, when the first indoor heat exchanger 11 operates as an evaporator, the coolant FR is able to circulate in series in the third expansion member 133 and then in the first indoor heat exchanger 11. The trigger is used to lower the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant FR. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a third bypass device 3 in parallel with the third expansion member 133, so as to form a bypass so that the refrigerant FR undergoes a prior expansion. Advantageously, the third bypass device 3 is able to allow or prohibit a circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR inside the third expansion member 133, to which it is assigned.
Le troisième dispositif de contournement 253 comporte, par exemple, un troisième clapet anti-retour 243 autorisant la circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR, dans un sens, et interdisant la circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR, dans l'autre sens. The third bypass device 253 comprises, for example, a third non-return valve 24 3 allowing the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in one direction, and prohibiting the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in the other direction.
En variante ou en complément, le troisième dispositif de contournement 253 peut comprendre une vanne deux-voies 26. La vanne deux-voies 26 peut donc être agencée seule ou en parallèle du troisième clapet anti-retour 243. Alternatively or additionally, the third bypass device 3 may comprise a two-way valve 26. The two-way valve 26 can thus be arranged alone or in parallel with the third non-return valve 24 3 .
Selon l'exemple illustré sur la figure 1 , le troisième dispositif de contournement 253 comporte un troisième clapet anti-retour 243 et une vanne deux-voies 26 en parallèle. According to the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the third bypass device 253 comprises a third non-return valve 24 3 and a two-way valve 26 in parallel.
Par ailleurs, le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 est, selon l'exemple illustré, agencé en amont, dans le sens d'écoulement du flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle du véhicule, du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 de la boucle secondaire 5. Furthermore, the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is, according to the illustrated example, arranged upstream, in the direction of flow of the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the second heat exchanger internal heat 21 of the secondary loop 5.
Un tel agencement est en particulier intéressant pour déshumidifier le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle en le refroidissant par passage dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 avant de le chauffer par passage dans le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 . Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous for dehumidifying the flow of cabin air FH adapted to be diffused into the passenger compartment by cooling it by passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 before heating it through the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
La boucle de climatisation 3 comprend en outre trois organes de commutation, respectivement le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152 et le troisième organe de commutation 153, agencés de manière à pouvoir configurer l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 entre différents modes de fonctionnement de façon simple. En particulier, le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152 et le troisième organe de commutation 153 sont réalisés en tant que vannes trois-voies. The air conditioning loop 3 further comprises three switching members, respectively the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153, arranged so as to configure the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 between different modes of operation in a simple manner. In particular, the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are formed as three-way valves.
Selon la présente invention, le premier organe de commutation 15i est agencé en série entre le compresseur 7 et le deuxième organe de commutation 152. Le premier organe de commutation 15i comporte un premier canal et un deuxième canal pour la circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR, le premier canal et le deuxième canal étant distincts. Le premier canal du premier organe de commutation 15i est tel que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le compresseur 7 vers l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9. Le deuxième canal du premier organe de commutation 15i est tel que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le compresseur 7 vers l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19. According to the present invention, the first switching member 15i is arranged in series between the compressor 7 and the second switching member 15 2 . The first switching member 15i has a first channel and a second channel for the circulation of the refrigerant FR, the first channel and the second channel being separate. The first channel of the first switching member 15i is such that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the external heat exchanger 9. The second channel of the first switching member 15i is such that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
Le deuxième organe de commutation 152 est agencé en série entre le premier organe de commutation 15i et le troisième organe de commutation 153. Le deuxième organe de commutation 152 comporte un premier canal et un deuxième canal pour la circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR, le premier canal et le deuxième canal étant distincts. The second switching member 15 2 is arranged in series between the first switching member 15i and the third switching member 153. The second switching member 15 2 comprises a first channel and a second channel for the circulation of the refrigerant FR, the first channel and the second channel being separate.
Le premier canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152 est tel que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 vers le compresseur 7. Le deuxième canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152 est tel que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 vers le compresseur 7. Le troisième organe de commutation 153 est agencé entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 et le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . Plus particulièrement, le troisième organe de commutation 153 est agencé entre le premier organe de détente 13i et le deuxième organe de détente 132. The first channel of the second switching member 15 2 is such that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 to the compressor 7. The second channel of the second switching member 2 is such that the refrigerant FR circulates from the outdoor heat exchanger 9 to the compressor 7. The third switching member 153 is arranged between the outdoor heat exchanger 9 and the first indoor heat exchanger 11. More particularly, the third switching member 153 is arranged between the first expansion member 13i and the second expansion member 13 2 .
Le troisième organe de commutation 153 comporte aussi un premier canal et un deuxième canal pour la circulation du fluide réfrigérant FR, le premier canal et le deuxième canal étant distincts. Le premier canal du troisième organe de commutation 153 est tel que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 vers le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . Le fluide réfrigérant FR peut également circuler dans le premier canal du troisième organe de commutation 153, dans l'autre sens, à savoir depuis le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 vers l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9. Le deuxième canal du troisième organe de commutation 153 est tel que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 vers le compresseur 7. The third switching member 153 also has a first channel and a second channel for the circulation of the refrigerant FR, the first channel and the second channel being separate. The first channel of the third switching member 153 is such that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the external heat exchanger 9 to the first indoor heat exchanger 11. The refrigerant fluid FR can also circulate in the first channel of the third switching member 153 in the other direction, namely from the first indoor heat exchanger 11 to the outdoor heat exchanger 9. The second channel of the third switching 3 is such that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the first indoor heat exchanger 11 to the compressor 7.
Le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152 et le troisième organe de commutation 153 permettent de mettre en œuvre ou de contourner les divers éléments constituant l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 selon le mode de fonctionnement défini. The first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 make it possible to implement or bypass the various elements constituting the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 depending on the operating mode. defined.
Par ailleurs, de façon analogue à l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 et au premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 est apte à fonctionner en tant que condenseur ou en tant qu'évaporateur selon le mode de fonctionnement de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 . Lorsque l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 fonctionne en tant que condenseur, le fluide réfrigérant FR circule dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 sous forme de gaz chaud qui cède de la chaleur au fluide caloporteur FC. Dans cette configuration, la boucle secondaire 5 fonctionne alors en tant que système de chauffage. Furthermore, analogously to the external heat exchanger 9 and the first indoor heat exchanger 11, the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 is able to function as a condenser or as an evaporator according to the method of the invention. operation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1. When the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 operates as a condenser, the refrigerant fluid FR flows in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 in the form of hot gas which gives heat to the coolant FC. In this configuration, the secondary loop 5 then functions as a heating system.
Lorsque l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 fonctionne en tant qu'évaporateur, le fluide réfrigérant FR, en s'évaporant, absorbe la chaleur du fluide caloporteur FC, ce qui a pour effet de refroidir le fluide caloporteur FC. Dans cette configuration, la boucle secondaire 5 fonctionne alors en tant que système de refroidissement. Par ailleurs, un échangeur de chaleur additionnel 27 peut être agencé en aval du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 , selon le sens d'écoulement du flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle du véhicule. L'échangeur de chaleur additionnel 27 peut notamment être un radiateur de chauffage par résistance électrique, en particulier à coefficient de température positif. When the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 operates as an evaporator, the cooling fluid FR, while evaporating, absorbs the heat of the coolant FC, which has the effect of cooling the coolant FC. In this configuration, the secondary loop 5 then functions as a cooling system. Furthermore, an additional heat exchanger 27 may be arranged downstream of the second indoor heat exchanger 21, according to the flow direction of the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The additional heat exchanger 27 may in particular be an electric resistance heating radiator, in particular with a positive temperature coefficient.
L'échangeur de chaleur additionnel 27 peut, par exemple, être mis en œuvre pour compenser un refroidissement du flux d'air habitacle FH. Par ailleurs, selon une alternative de réalisation, la boucle secondaire 5 peut comprendre un échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 29, tel que présenté en figure 7, entre le fluide caloporteur FC et un composant embarqué dans le véhicule, notamment un composant électrique du véhicule. L'échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 29 est relié à l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19. The additional heat exchanger 27 may, for example, be implemented to compensate for a cooling of the cabin air flow FH. Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment, the secondary loop 5 may comprise an auxiliary heat exchanger 29, as shown in Figure 7, between the heat transfer fluid FC and a component embedded in the vehicle, including an electrical component of the vehicle. The auxiliary heat exchanger 29 is connected to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
La figure 7 montre plus particulièrement un échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 29 entre le fluide caloporteur et une batterie du véhicule. D'autres composants sont envisageables tel qu'un moteur électrique ou un boîtier électronique de puissance. Comme cela sera décrit plus en détail par la suite, l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 peut être mise en œuvre pour refroidir un tel composant électrique dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant". On décrit maintenant les différents modes de fonctionnement de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 . Plus précisément, les figures 2 à 9 sont des représentations schématiques de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 selon différents modes de fonctionnement respectifs. Figure 7 shows more particularly an auxiliary heat exchanger 29 between the heat transfer fluid and a battery of the vehicle. Other components are conceivable such as an electric motor or an electronic power unit. As will be described in more detail later, the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 can be implemented to cool such an electrical component in the operating mode called "cooling a component". The various modes of operation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 are now described. More specifically, Figures 2 to 9 are schematic representations of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 according to different respective modes of operation.
Par suite, sur les figures, il sera considéré, par convention, que les pointillés sont utilisés afin de définir une partie de la boucle de climatisation 3 dans laquelle ne circule pas le fluide réfrigérant FR ou une partie de la boucle secondaire 5 dans laquelle ne circule pas le fluide caloporteur FC, et les traits pleins sont utilisés afin de définir une partie de la boucle de climatisation 3 dans laquelle circule le fluide réfrigérant FR ou une partie de la boucle secondaire 5 dans laquelle circule le fluide caloporteur FC. La figure 2 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation". As a result, in the figures, it will be considered, by convention, that the dotted lines are used to define a part of the air conditioning loop 3 in which does not circulate the refrigerant FR or part of the secondary loop 5 in which ne circulates the heat transfer fluid FC, and the solid lines are used to define a part of the air conditioning loop 3 in which circulates the refrigerant fluid FR or part of the secondary loop 5 in which circulates the heat transfer fluid FC. Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 in the operating mode called "air conditioning".
Le mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation" permet de conditionner le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle du véhicule pour le refroidir. The so-called "air-conditioning" mode of operation makes it possible to condition the interior airflow FH capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment of the vehicle in order to cool it down.
À cet effet, le fluide réfrigérant FR, en sortie du compresseur 7, est d'abord condensé dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, puis subit une détente dans le deuxième organe de détente 132, avant de passer dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. Le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle traversant le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 est ainsi refroidi. For this purpose, the refrigerating fluid FR, at the outlet of the compressor 7, is first condensed in the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as a condenser, then undergoes expansion in the second expansion member 13 2 , before pass into the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator. The cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused into the passenger compartment through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is thus cooled.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation", le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152, le troisième organe de commutation 153 sont agencés de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le compresseur 7 vers l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur. De plus, le troisième organe de commutation 153 est agencé de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 vers le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. In the so-called "air conditioning" operating mode, the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 , the third member switching circuit 153 are arranged so that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, operating as a condenser. In addition, the third switching member 153 is arranged so that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the outdoor heat exchanger 9 to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
En particulier, la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée de sorte que : In particular, the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
- on ouvre le premier canal du premier organe de commutation 15i et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du premier organe de commutation 15i,  the first channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
- on ouvre le premier canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152, et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152, et opening the first channel of the second switching member 2 , and preferably closing the second channel of the second switching member 2 , and
- on ouvre le premier canal du troisième organe de commutation 153 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du troisième organe de commutation 153.  the first channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
De plus, Moreover,
- on ouvre le premier dispositif de contournement 25i en parallèle du premier organe de détente 13i,  the first bypass device 25i is opened in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
- on ferme le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 en parallèle du deuxième organe de détente 132, et the second bypass device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
- on ouvre le troisième dispositif de contournement 253 en parallèle du troisième organe de détente 133.  the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation", le troisième organe de commutation 153, le premier dispositif de contournement 25i et le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 sont agencés de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule vers le troisième organe de commutation 153 en contournant le premier organe de détente 13i . Puis, le fluide réfrigérant FR circule vers le deuxième organe de détente 132 en subissant une détente préalablement à traverser le deuxième échangeur de chaleur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. In the operating mode called "conditioning", the third switching member 153, the first 25i bypass device and the second bypass device 25 2 are arranged so that the refrigerant FR flows to the third switching member 153 bypassing the first detent 13i. Then, the refrigerant fluid FR flows to the second expansion member 13 2 undergoing a relaxation prior to through the second heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
En passant dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant que tant que condenseur, le fluide réfrigérant FR, à l'état gazeux à haute pression et à haute température, cède de la chaleur au flux d'air extérieur FE. By passing through the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as a condenser, the refrigerant fluid FR, in the gaseous state at high pressure and at high temperature, gives heat to the outside air flow FE.
Puis au passage du fluide réfrigérant FR dans le deuxième organe de détente 132, la pression et la température du fluide réfrigérant FR sont abaissées. Then at the passage of the refrigerant FR in the second expansion member 13 2 , the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR are lowered.
Lors du passage dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, le fluide réfrigérant FR, en s'évaporant absorbe la chaleur du flux d'air habitacle FH traversant le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . Le flux d'air habitacle FH passant dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 est ainsi refroidi. When passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, the refrigerating fluid FR, while evaporating, absorbs the heat of the airflow FH passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11. The flow of cabin air FH passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is thus cooled.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation", la boucle secondaire 5 est désactivée de sorte que le fluide caloporteur FC ne circule pas entre le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19. In the so-called "air-conditioning" operating mode, the secondary loop 5 is deactivated so that the heat transfer fluid FC does not circulate between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
Ainsi, le flux d'air habitacle FH traversant le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , puis optionnellement le deuxième de chaleur intérieur 21 en aval du premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , ne subit pas d'échange thermique supplémentaire. Thus, the interior air flow FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, then optionally the second indoor heat 21 downstream of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, does not undergo additional heat exchange.
En atteignant l'habitacle du véhicule, par exemple sous l'action d'un pulseur non représenté, le flux d'air habitacle FH refroidi permet de diminuer la température de l'air de l'habitacle. By reaching the passenger compartment of the vehicle, for example under the action of a blower not shown, the cooled cabin air flow FH reduces the air temperature of the passenger compartment.
Le fluide réfrigérant FR, en sortie du premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , retourne ensuite dans le compresseur 7, pour recommencer un cycle. Le fluide réfrigérant FR peut, préalablement, subir une nouvelle détente, par exemple, lorsqu'un troisième organe de détente est agencé en aval du premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . The refrigerant FR, at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, then returns to the compressor 7, to start a cycle again. The fluid FR refrigerant can previously undergo a new expansion, for example, when a third expansion member is arranged downstream of the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation", le troisième dispositif de contournement 253 et le deuxième organe de commutation 152 sont agencés de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR contourne le troisième organe de détente 133 et circule vers l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 sans détente supplémentaire ni d'échange thermique, puis vers le compresseur 7. In the so-called "air conditioning" operating mode, the third bypass device 253 and the second switching member 15 2 are arranged so that the refrigerant FR bypasses the third expansion member 133 and flows to the two-way heat exchanger. fluid 19 without additional expansion or heat exchange, then to the compressor 7.
De plus, l'accumulateur 23, agencé éventuellement en amont du compresseur 7, permet d'éviter l'admission de fluide réfrigérant FR à l'état liquide dans le compresseur 7. Le compresseur 7 reçoit donc, en admission, le fluide réfrigérant FR à l'état gazeux sous basse pression et basse température. In addition, the accumulator 23, possibly arranged upstream of the compressor 7, makes it possible to avoid the admission of refrigerant fluid FR in the liquid state into the compressor 7. The compressor 7 thus receives, on admission, the refrigerant fluid FR in the gaseous state under low pressure and low temperature.
La figure 3 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon le premier mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" ou "chauffage". Dans le premier mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" ou "chauffage", le fluide réfrigérant FR en sortie du compresseur 7 échange de la chaleur avec le fluide caloporteur FC dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, avant de subir une détente, dans le premier organe de détente 13i, et de passer dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the first mode of operation called "heat pump" or "heating". In the first mode of operation known as "heat pump" or "heating", the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the compressor 7 exchanges heat with the coolant FC in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, before undergoing a expansion, in the first expansion member 13i, and pass into the external heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator.
Dans le premier mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur", le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152 et le troisième organe de commutation 153 sont agencés de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le compresseur 7 vers l'échangeur de chaleur bi- fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, et que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 vers le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, sans subir de détente. In the first mode of operation known as "heat pump", the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser, and that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, functioning as a condenser, without undergoing any relaxation.
En particulier, la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée de sorte que : In particular, the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
- on ouvre le deuxième canal du premier organe de commutation 15i et, préférentiellement, on ferme le premier canal du premier organe de commutation 15i,  the second channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
- on ouvre le deuxième canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152, et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal deuxième organe de commutation 152, et the second channel of the second switching member 2 is opened, and, preferably, the second second switching channel 2 is closed, and
- on ouvre le premier canal du troisième organe de commutation 153, et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du troisième organe de commutation 153.  the first channel of the third switching member 153 is opened, and, preferably, the second channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
De plus, Moreover,
- on ferme le premier dispositif de contournement 25i en parallèle du premier organe de détente 13i,  the first bypass device 25i is closed in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
- on ouvre le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 en parallèle du deuxième organe de détente 132, et the second bypass device 25 2 is opened in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
- on ouvre le troisième dispositif de contournement 253 en parallèle du troisième organe de détente 133, par exemple on ouvre la vanne deux- voies 26.  the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133, for example the two-way valve 26 is opened.
L'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, reçoit donc en entrée, d'une part, le fluide réfrigérant FR, sous forme de gaz chaud, et, d'autre part, le fluide caloporteur FC. Le fluide réfrigérant FR cède de la chaleur au fluide caloporteur FC qui circule dans le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 . The bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser, thus receives at the inlet, on the one hand, the coolant FR, in the form of hot gas, and, on the other hand, the coolant FC. The refrigerating fluid FR transfers heat to the heat transfer fluid FC which circulates in the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
Dans le premier mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur", la boucle secondaire 5 est activée de sorte que le fluide caloporteur FC circule dans la boucle secondaire 5 entre le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, de façon à permettre un échange de chaleur entre le fluide réfrigérant FR et le fluide caloporteur FC. In the first mode of operation known as "heat pump", the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 , so as to allow an exchange of heat between the refrigerant FR and the coolant FC.
Ainsi, la boucle secondaire 5 puise de la chaleur auprès de la boucle de climatisation 3, par l'intermédiaire l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, puis cède la chaleur puisée au flux d'air habitacle FH, par l'intermédiaire du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 . Le flux d'air habitacle FH, traversant le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 , est ainsi chauffé et peut réchauffer l'habitacle du véhicule. Par la commande du premier organe de commutation 15i, du deuxième organe de commutation 152, du troisième organe de commutation 153, du premier dispositif de contournement 25i, du deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 et du troisième dispositif de contournement 253, l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation 1 est donc telle que la boucle de climatisation 3 et la boucle secondaire 5 soient mises à profit pour chauffer le flux d'air habitacle FH préalablement à la diffusion à l'intérieur de l'habitacle. De plus, une telle configuration de la boucle de climatisation 3 permet d'assurer un sous- refroidissement amélioré du fluide réfrigérant FR. De même, dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, le fluide réfrigérant FR cède de la chaleur au flux d'air habitacle FH, apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle. Le fluide réfrigérant FR poursuit une phase de condensation et/ou le fluide réfrigérant FR, à l'état liquide, se refroidit de quelques degrés avant de quitter le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . Un tel agencement permet d'assurer et de maximiser le sous-refroidissement du fluide réfrigérant FR. Thus, the secondary loop 5 draws heat from the air conditioning loop 3, via the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, and then transfers the heat pulsed to the cabin air flow FH, via the second indoor heat exchanger 21. The cabin airflow FH, passing through the second indoor heat exchanger 21, is thus heated and can heat the passenger compartment of the vehicle. By controlling the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 , the third switching member 153, the first bypass device 25i, the second bypass device 25 2 and the third bypass device 25 3 , the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 is such that the air conditioning loop 3 and the secondary loop 5 are used to heat the cabin air flow FH prior to diffusion inside the passenger compartment. In addition, such a configuration of the air conditioning loop 3 makes it possible to ensure an improved subcooling of the refrigerant fluid FR. Similarly, in the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as a condenser, the refrigerant fluid FR gives heat to the cabin air flow FH, able to be diffused into the passenger compartment. The refrigerating fluid FR continues a condensation phase and / or the cooling fluid FR, in the liquid state, cools by a few degrees before leaving the first indoor heat exchanger 11. Such an arrangement makes it possible to ensure and maximize the subcooling of the refrigerant fluid FR.
Après l'échange de chaleur avec le fluide caloporteur FC et le passage dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , le fluide réfrigérant FR subit donc une détente, en traversant le premier organe de détente 13i, abaissant la pression et la température, avant de s'évaporer dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. Le fluide réfrigérant FR, à l'état gazeux et à basse pression et basse température, retourne alors dans le compresseur 7 pour recommencer un cycle. After the exchange of heat with the heat-transfer fluid FC and the passage through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, the refrigerating fluid FR undergoes a relaxation, passing through the first expansion member 13i, lowering the pressure and the temperature, before evaporate in the outdoor heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator. FR refrigerant, in the state gaseous and low pressure and low temperature, then returns to the compressor 7 to start a cycle again.
Par ailleurs, le premier mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" est un mode de chauffage dans lequel le flux d'air habitacle FH est chauffé par le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 de la boucle secondaire 5. On parle donc de mode de chauffage indirect, car le chauffage du flux d'air habitacle FH est réalisé par l'intermédiaire du fluide caloporteur FC et non directement par le fluide réfrigérant FR. Lorsque le fluide caloporteur FC est principalement constitué d'eau, on parle de mode de chauffage sur "l'eau". Furthermore, the first mode of operation called "heat pump" is a heating mode in which the cabin air flow FH is heated by the second indoor heat exchanger 21 of the secondary loop 5. We therefore speak of indirect heating, because the heating of the cabin air flow FH is carried out via the coolant FC and not directly by the refrigerant FR. When the heat transfer fluid FC consists mainly of water, it is called heating mode on "water".
De plus, pour le premier mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur", le flux d'air habitacle FH est, avantageusement, un flux d'air frais provenant de l'extérieur au véhicule, par opposition à l'utilisation d'un flux d'air recyclé, provenant de l'habitacle. In addition, for the first mode of operation known as "heat pump", the cabin air flow FH is advantageously a flow of fresh air coming from outside the vehicle, as opposed to using a recycled air flow from the passenger compartment.
La figure 4 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon le deuxième mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" ou "chauffage". Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the second mode of operation called "heat pump" or "heating".
Le deuxième mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" diffère du premier mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur" décrit précédemment par le fait que la boucle secondaire 5 est inactive, de sorte qu'il n'y ait pas d'échange thermique entre les fluides réfrigérant FR et caloporteur FC. The second operating mode called "heat pump" differs from the first mode of operation known as "heat pump" described above in that the secondary loop 5 is inactive, so that there is no heat exchange between FR refrigerant and FC coolant.
Dans le deuxième mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur", le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152, le troisième organe de commutation 153 sont agencés de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le compresseur 7 vers l'échangeur de chaleur bi- fluide 19, sans échange thermique, puis, sans subir de détente, vers le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, puis subit une détente à travers le premier organe de détente 13i et ensuite circule vers l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, puis vers le compresseur 7. In the second mode of operation known as "heat pump", the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 , the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, without heat exchange, then, without undergoing expansion, to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, functioning as a condenser, then undergoes expansion through the first expansion member 13i and then circulates to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, functioning as an evaporator, then to the compressor 7.
En particulier, la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée de sorte que : In particular, the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
- on ouvre le deuxième canal du premier organe de commutation 15 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le premier canal du premier organe de commutation 15i,  the second channel of the first switching element 15 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
- on ouvre le deuxième canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152, et préférentiellement, on ferme le premier canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152, et the second channel of the second switching member 2 is opened, and preferably the first channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
- on ouvre le premier canal du troisième organe de commutation 153 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du troisième organe de commutation 153. Dé plus,  opening the first channel of the third switching member 153 and, preferably, closing the second channel of the third switching member 153. Moreover,
- on ferme le premier dispositif de contournement 25i en parallèle du premier organe de détente 13i,  the first bypass device 25i is closed in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
- on ouvre le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 en parallèle du deuxième organe de détente 132, et the second bypass device 25 2 is opened in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
- on ouvre le troisième dispositif de contournement 253 en parallèle du troisième organe de détente 133, par exemple on ouvre la vanne deux- voies 26.  the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133, for example the two-way valve 26 is opened.
Dans le deuxième mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur", on désactive la boucle secondaire 5 de sorte qu'il n'y ait pas de circulation de fluide caloporteur FC. In the second mode of operation known as "heat pump", the secondary loop 5 is deactivated so that there is no flow of heat transfer fluid FC.
Ainsi, le fluide réfrigérant FR, à haute pression et à haute température en provenance du compresseur 7, entre dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 dans lequel il n'y a pas d'échange thermique. Thus, the refrigerant fluid FR, at high pressure and at high temperature from the compressor 7, enters the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 in which there is no heat exchange.
Par suite, le fluide réfrigérant FR, en sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, circule dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant que condenseur. Le fluide réfrigérant FR cède alors de la chaleur au flux d'air habitacle FH, apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle traversant le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 . Le fluide réfrigérant FR subit ensuite une première détente à travers le premier organe de détente 13i qui abaisse la température et la pression du fluide réfrigérant FR, puis traverse l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, et ensuite retourne dans le compresseur 7 pour recommencer un cycle. Le chauffage du flux d'air habitacle FH se faisant directement par un élément de la boucle de climatisation 3, ici le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , on parle de chauffage direct. As a result, the refrigerant FR, at the outlet of the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, circulates in the first indoor heat exchanger 11, functioning as a condenser. The refrigerating fluid FR then gives heat to the cabin airflow FH, able to be diffused in the passenger compartment passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11. The refrigerating fluid FR then undergoes a first expansion through the first expansion member 13i which lowers the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant fluid FR, then passes through the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as an evaporator, and then returns to the compressor 7 to start a cycle again. The heating of the cabin air flow FH is done directly by an element of the air conditioning loop 3, here the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is called direct heating.
La figure 5 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon le mode de fonctionnement dit "déshumidification". Figure 5 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "dehumidification".
Le mode de fonctionnement dit "déshumidification" permet de déshumidifier le flux d'air habitacle FH en le refroidissant puis de le réchauffer à la traversée du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 . The operating mode known as "dehumidification" makes it possible to dehumidify the flow of cabin air FH by cooling it and then to heat it through the second internal heat exchanger 21.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "déshumidification", le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152 et le troisième organe de commutation 153 sont agencés de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le compresseur 7 vers l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, puis subit une détente à travers le troisième organe de détente 133, puis circule vers le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, contourne le deuxième organe de détente 132, et circule vers la troisième organe de commutation voies 153, et enfin vers le compresseur 7. In the so-called "dehumidification" operating mode, the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the heat exchanger. bi-fluid heat 19, operating as a condenser, then undergoes expansion through the third expansion member 133, then flows to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, bypasses the second expansion member 13 2 , and flows to the third channel switching member 153, and finally to the compressor 7.
En particulier, la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée de sorte que - on ouvre le deuxième canal du premier organe de commutation 15i et, préférentiellement, on ferme le premier canal du premier organe de commutation 15i, et In particular, the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that the second channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed, and
- on ouvre le deuxième canal du troisième organe de commutation 153 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le premier canal du troisième organe de commutation 153.  the second channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
De plus, Moreover,
- on ouvre le dispositif de contournement 252 en parallèle du deuxième organe de détente 132, et  the bypass device 252 is opened in parallel with the second expansion member 132, and
- on ferme le dispositif de contournement 253 en parallèle du troisième organe de détente 133.  - The bypass device 253 is closed in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "déshumidification", le premier dispositif de contournement 25i et le deuxième organe de commutation 152 sont contournés. In the operating mode called "dehumidification", the first bypass device 25i and the second switching member 152 are bypassed.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "déshumidification", on active la boucle secondaire 5 de sorte que le fluide caloporteur FC circule dans la boucle secondaire 5 entre le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, de façon à permettre un échange de chaleur entre le fluide réfrigérant FR et le fluide caloporteur FC. In the so-called "dehumidification" operating mode, the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, so that to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid FR and the coolant FC.
Ainsi, le fluide réfrigérant FR, à haute pression et à haute température en provenance du compresseur 7, entre dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, et cède de la chaleur au fluide caloporteur FC, permettant de réchauffer le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle à la traversée du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 . Thus, the refrigerant fluid FR, at high pressure and at high temperature from the compressor 7, enters the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 operating as a condenser, and gives up heat to the coolant FC, to heat the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the cabin at the crossing of the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
Puis, le fluide réfrigérant FR, en sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, subit une détente à travers le troisième organe de détente 133 qui abaisse la température et la pression du fluide réfrigérant FR, avant de passer dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. Le fluide réfrigérant FR, en sortie du premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , peut ensuite retourner dans le compresseur 7 pour recommencer un cycle. Then, the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 undergoes expansion through the third expansion member 133 which lowers the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant fluid FR, before passing into the first exchanger indoor heat 11 operating as an evaporator. The coolant FR, at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, can then return to the compressor 7 to restart a cycle.
Le flux d'air habitacle FH traversant le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 est donc refroidi et déshumidifié avant de passer à travers le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 , pour être réchauffé, avant d'être diffusé dans l'habitacle. The interior air flow FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is cooled and dehumidified before passing through the second indoor heat exchanger 21, to be heated, before being distributed in the passenger compartment.
De plus, pour le mode de fonctionnement dit "déshumidification", le flux d'air habitacle FH est, avantageusement, un flux d'air recyclé, provenant de l'habitacle, par opposition à l'utilisation d'un flux d'air frais provenant de l'extérieur au véhicule. In addition, for the so-called "dehumidification" mode of operation, the cabin airflow FH is advantageously a stream of recycled air coming from the passenger compartment as opposed to the use of an air flow. charges from outside the vehicle.
Selon une alternative de réalisation du mode de fonctionnement dit "déshumidification", le troisième organe de commutation 153 est agencé de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant soit envoyé vers l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, en subissant une détente préalable à travers le premier organe de détente 13i . La figure 6 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon le mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage". According to an alternative embodiment of the operating mode called "dehumidification", the third switching member 3 is arranged so that the refrigerant is sent to the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as an evaporator, undergoing a prior relaxation through the first detent 13i. Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "defrost".
Pour ce faire, le fluide réfrigérant FR suit le même parcours que dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation". De plus, la boucle secondaire 5 est activée. Ainsi, l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, permet d'assurer le refroidissement du fluide caloporteur FC circulant dans la boucle secondaire 5. Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage", le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152 et le troisième organe de commutation 153 sont agencés de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le compresseur 7 vers l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, puis vers la troisième organe de commutation 153 en contournant le premier organe de détente 13i, dans le deuxième organe de détente 132, puis circule vers le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, puis contourne le troisième organe de détente 133 vers l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 sans détente supplémentaire, et enfin vers le compresseur 7. To do this, the refrigerant FR follows the same path as in the operating mode called "air conditioning". In addition, the secondary loop 5 is activated. Thus, the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as an evaporator, makes it possible to ensure the cooling of the coolant FC circulating in the secondary loop 5. In the operating mode called "defrosting", the first 15i switching, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerant FR circulates from the compressor 7 to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, operating as a condenser, then to the third switching member 153 bypassing the first expansion member 13i, in the second expansion member 13 2 , and then flows to the first internal heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, then bypasses the third expansion member 133 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 without additional expansion, and finally to the compressor 7.
En particulier, la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée de sorte que : In particular, the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
- on ouvre le premier canal du premier organe de commutation 15i et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du premier organe de commutation 15i,  the first channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
- on ouvre le premier canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152, et the first channel of the second switching member 2 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
- on ouvre le premier canal du troisième organe de commutation 153 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du troisième organe de commutation 153. De plus,  opening the first channel of the third switching member 153 and, preferably, closing the second channel of the third switching member 153. In addition,
- on ouvre le premier dispositif de contournement 25i en parallèle du premier organe de détente 13i,  the first bypass device 25i is opened in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
- on ferme le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 en parallèle du deuxième organe de détente 132, et the second bypass device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
- on ouvre le troisième dispositif de contournement 253 en parallèle du troisième organe de détente 133.  the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage", on active la boucle secondaire 5 de sorte que le fluide caloporteur FC circule dans la boucle secondaire 5 entre le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, pour assurer un échange thermique entre le fluide caloporteur FC et le fluide réfrigérant FR dans l'échangeur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, de manière à refroidir le fluide caloporteur FC. In the so-called "defrosting" operating mode, the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the heat transfer fluid FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, to ensure a heat exchange between the coolant FC and the refrigerant FR in the bi-fluid exchanger 19, operating as evaporator, so as to cool the coolant FC.
Ainsi, en circulant dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, le fluide réfrigérant FR, à l'état gazeux à haute pression et à haute température, cède de la chaleur au flux d'air extérieur FE. Puis au passage du fluide réfrigérant FR dans le deuxième organe de détente 132, la pression et la température du fluide réfrigérant FR sont abaissées avant de circuler dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. Thus, by circulating in the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as a condenser, the refrigerant fluid FR, in the gaseous state at high pressure and at high temperature, gives heat to the external air flow FE. Then at the passage of the refrigerant FR in the second expansion member 13 2 , the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR are lowered before circulating in the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
Lors du passage dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, le fluide réfrigérant FR en s'évaporant absorbe la chaleur du flux d'air habitacle FH. Ainsi, les calories sont puisées sur le flux d'air habitacle FH, apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle. When passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, the cooling fluid FR evaporating absorbs the heat of the cabin airflow FH. Thus, the calories are drawn from the cabin airflow FH, able to be broadcast in the passenger compartment.
Lors du passage du fluide réfrigérant FR dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, le fluide réfrigérant FR en s'évaporant absorbe la chaleur du fluide caloporteur FC. Ainsi, les calories sont puisées sur le fluide caloporteur FC, comprenant par exemple un mélange d'eau et de glycol. During the passage of the refrigerant fluid FR in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as an evaporator, the cooling fluid FR evaporating absorbs the heat of the coolant FC. Thus, the calories are drawn from the heat transfer fluid FC, comprising for example a mixture of water and glycol.
Le fluide caloporteur FC ainsi refroidi retourne dans le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 . Le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle passant dans l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 est ainsi refroidi. The heat transfer fluid FC thus cooled returns to the second indoor heat exchanger 21. The cabin airflow FH capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment passing through the indoor heat exchanger 21 is thus cooled.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage", on peut utiliser avantageusement l'échangeur de chaleur additionnel 27, par exemple un radiateur de chauffage par résistance électrique, en particulier à coefficient de température positif, agencé en aval du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 , de façon à compenser l'inconfort généré par le refroidissement du au fluide caloporteur FC et/ou à la traversée du premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 et/ou du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 et à chauffer le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle. In the so-called "defrost" operating mode, it is advantageous to use the additional heat exchanger 27, for example an electric resistance heating radiator, in particular with a positive temperature coefficient, arranged downstream of the second indoor heat exchanger 21 , so as to compensate for the discomfort generated by cooling the FC heat transfer fluid and / or the passage of the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and / or the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and to heat the interior airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the cockpit.
Par ailleurs, selon une alternative de réalisation non représentée, il est possible de disposer, dans la boucle secondaire 5, un échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 29 pour assurer un échange de chaleur entre le fluide caloporteur FC et un composant du véhicule, tel qu'une batterie par exemple. L'échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 29 est, selon cette alternative, relié à l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19. Préférentiellement, mais non limitativement, le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 n'est plus sollicité. Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment not shown, it is possible to have, in the secondary loop 5, an auxiliary heat exchanger 29 to ensure a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid FC and a component of the vehicle, such as a battery for example. The auxiliary heat exchanger 29 is, according to this alternative, connected to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19. Preferably, but not exclusively, the second indoor heat exchanger 21 is no longer biased.
Ainsi, le fluide caloporteur FC circulant entre l'échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 29 et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 est refroidi par échange thermique avec le fluide réfrigérant FR dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19. Le fluide caloporteur FC refroidi permet de refroidir le composant du véhicule. Thus, the heat transfer fluid FC circulating between the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 is cooled by heat exchange with the refrigerant fluid FR in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19. The heat transfer fluid FC cooled allows to cool the vehicle component.
Dans une telle configuration, le mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage" est également un mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant". In such a configuration, the so-called "defrosting" operating mode is also an operating mode called "cooling a component".
De plus, pour le mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage", le flux d'air habitacle FH est, avantageusement, un flux d'air recyclé, provenant de l'habitacle, par opposition à l'utilisation d'un flux d'air frais provenant de l'extérieur au véhicule. In addition, for the operating mode called "defrosting", the cabin airflow FH is advantageously a recycled air stream coming from the passenger compartment, as opposed to the use of an air flow. charges from outside the vehicle.
La figure 7 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon le mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant". Préférentiellement, le mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant" se fait sans utilisation d'une fonction classique de conditionnement, par exemple la climatisation. Figure 7 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "cooling a component". Preferably, the operating mode called "cooling a component" is done without using a conventional conditioning function, for example air conditioning.
La boucle secondaire 5 comprend un échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 29 pour assurer un échange de chaleur entre le fluide caloporteur FC et un composant du véhicule, tel qu'une batterie par exemple, L'échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 29 est, selon cette alternative, relié à l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19 Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant", le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152, le troisième organe de commutation 153 sont agencés de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le compresseur 7 vers l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, contourne le premier organe de détente 13i, puis subit une détente à travers le deuxième organe de détente 132, et traverse le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. Par suite, le fluide réfrigérant FR contourne le troisième organe de détente 133 et circule vers l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur sans détente supplémentaire, et ensuite retourne vers le compresseur 7. The secondary loop 5 comprises an auxiliary heat exchanger 29 to ensure a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid FC and a component of the vehicle, such as a battery, for example. The auxiliary heat exchanger 29 is, according to this alternative, connected at the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 In the so-called "cooling of a component" operating mode, the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 , the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the external heat exchanger 9, operating as a condenser, bypasses the first expansion member 13i, then undergoes expansion through the second expansion member 13 2 , and passes through the first inner heat exchanger 11, operating as 'evaporator. As a result, the refrigerant FR bypasses the third expansion member 133 and flows to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as an evaporator without additional expansion, and then returns to the compressor 7.
En particulier, la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée de sorte que : In particular, the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
- on ouvre le premier canal du premier organe de commutation 15i et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du premier organe de commutation 15i  the first channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the first switching element 15i is closed
- on ouvre le premier canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152, et the first channel of the second switching member 2 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
- on ouvre le premier canal du troisième organe de commutation 153 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du troisième organe de commutation 153. De plus,  opening the first channel of the third switching member 153 and, preferably, closing the second channel of the third switching member 153. In addition,
- on ouvre le dispositif de contournement 25i en parallèle du premier organe de détente 13i,  the bypass device 25i is opened in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
- on ferme le dispositif de contournement 252 en parallèle du deuxième organe de détente 132 et the circumferential device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 and
- on ouvre le dispositif de contournement 253 en parallèle du troisième organe de détente 133. Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant", on active la boucle secondaire 5 de sorte que le fluide caloporteur FC circule dans la boucle secondaire 5 entre l'échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 29 et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, de sorte qu'un échange thermique entre le fluide caloporteur FC et le fluide réfrigérant FR se produise dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, de sorte à refroidir le fluide caloporteur FC. - The bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133. In the operating mode called "cooling of a component", the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, so that a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid FC and the refrigerant FR occurs in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as an evaporator, so as to cool the coolant FC.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant", le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 n'est plus traversé par le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle. In the operating mode called "cooling a component", the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is no longer traversed by the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the passenger compartment.
Le fluide réfrigérant FR suit un circuit sensiblement similaire au mode de fonctionnement dit "climatisation" mais sans échange thermique dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 avec le flux d'air habitacle FH. The refrigerant fluid FR follows a circuit substantially similar to the operating mode called "air conditioning" but without heat exchange in the first indoor heat exchanger 11 with the cabin air flow FH.
Ainsi, le fluide réfrigérant FR en sortie du compresseur 7 est d'abord condensé dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, puis subit une détente dans le deuxième organe de détente 132 avant de passer dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. Le fluide réfrigérant FR, en sortie du premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , passe ensuite dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, afin d'assurer un échange de chaleur entre le fluide réfrigérant FR et le fluide caloporteur FC. Thus, the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the compressor 7 is first condensed in the external heat exchanger 9, then undergoes expansion in the second expansion member 13 2 before passing into the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator. The refrigerating fluid FR, at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, then passes into the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, functioning as an evaporator, in order to ensure a heat exchange between the refrigerating fluid FR and the FC heat transfer fluid.
Le fluide caloporteur FC est alors refroidi et parcourt la boucle secondaire 5 afin de refroidir la batterie. The coolant FC is then cooled and runs through the secondary loop 5 to cool the battery.
Avantageusement, dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "refroidissement d'un composant", le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 n'est pas sollicité. Néanmoins, il est envisageable que l'échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 soit agencé en parallèle ou en série avec l'échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 29, apte à refroidir le composant du véhicule. Advantageously, in the operating mode called "cooling of a component", the second indoor heat exchanger 21 is not biased. Nevertheless, it is conceivable that the indoor heat exchanger 21 is arranged in parallel or in series with the auxiliary heat exchanger 29, suitable to cool the vehicle component.
Ensuite, le fluide réfrigérant FR, en sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, peut retourner dans le compresseur 7 pour recommencer un cycle. Then, the refrigerant FR, at the outlet of the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, can return to the compressor 7 to start a cycle again.
La figure 8 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "gaz chaud". Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "gaz chaud", le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152 et le troisième organe de commutation 153 sont agencés de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le compresseur 7 vers l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, puis circule vers le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant que condenseur sans subir de détente, puis vers le deuxième organe de détente 132 et enfin retourne vers le compresseur 7. Figure 8 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to a mode of operation called "hot gas". In the so-called "hot gas" operating mode, the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the exchanger bi-fluid heat 19, operating as a condenser, then flows to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as a condenser without undergoing expansion, then to the second expansion member 13 2 and finally returns to the compressor 7 .
En particulier, la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée de sorte que : In particular, the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
- on ouvre le deuxième canal du premier organe de commutation 15i et, préférentiellement, on ferme le premier canal du premier organe de commutation 15i, et  the second channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed, and
- on ouvre le deuxième canal du troisième organe de commutation 153 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le premier canal du troisième organe de commutation 153.  the second channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
De plus, Moreover,
- on ferme le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 en parallèle du deuxième organe de détente 132, et the second bypass device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
- on ouvre le troisième dispositif de contournement 253 en parallèle du troisième organe de détente 133, Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "gaz chaud", le premier dispositif de contournement 25i et le deuxième organe de commutation 152 sont contournés. the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133, In the operating mode called "hot gas", the first bypass device 25i and the second switching member 15 2 are bypassed.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "gaz chaud", la boucle secondaire 5 est activée de sorte que le fluide caloporteur FC circule dans la boucle secondaire 5 entre le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, de façon à permettre un échange de chaleur entre le fluide réfrigérant FR et le fluide caloporteur FC. Ainsi, le fluide réfrigérant FR, à haute pression et à haute température en sortie du compresseur 7, entre dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, et cède de la chaleur au fluide caloporteur FC, permettant de réchauffer le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle à la traversée du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 . In the so-called "hot gas" operating mode, the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant FR and the heat transfer fluid FC. Thus, the refrigerant fluid FR, at high pressure and at high temperature at the outlet of the compressor 7, enters the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, functioning as a condenser, and gives up heat to the heat transfer fluid FC, allowing the warming the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the cabin at the crossing of the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
Par suite, le fluide réfrigérant FR circule ensuite vers le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, sans subir de détente. Le fluide réfrigérant FR, à haute pression et à haute température en sortie du premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , cède de la chaleur au flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle. Ensuite, le fluide réfrigérant FR subit une première détente en sortie du premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , à travers le deuxième organe de détente 132, de sorte qu'il reste un gaz chaud, avant de retourner dans le compresseur 7 pour recommencer un cycle. As a result, the refrigerant fluid FR then flows to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as a condenser, without undergoing expansion. The refrigerant fluid FR, at high pressure and at high temperature at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, gives heat to the cabin airflow FH able to be diffused into the passenger compartment. Then, the refrigerating fluid FR undergoes a first expansion at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, through the second expansion member 13 2 , so that it remains a hot gas, before returning to the compressor 7 to start again. cycle.
La figure 9 est une représentation schématique de l'installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation de la figure 1 selon le mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur à double détente". Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur à double détente", le fluide réfrigérant FR circule dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur. Par suite, le fluide réfrigérant FR subit une première détente, à travers le troisième organe de détente 133 ou le deuxième organe de détente 132, préférentiellement le deuxième organe de détente 132, puis une deuxième détente, à travers le premier organe de détente 13i, avant de traverser l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. Figure 9 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "dual-stage heat pump". In the so-called "double-expansion heat pump" operating mode, the refrigerant fluid FR circulates in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser. As a result, the refrigerant FR undergoes a first expansion, through the third expansion member 133 or the second expansion member 13 2 , preferably the second expansion member 13 2 , then a second expansion, through the first expansion member 13i, before crossing the exchanger outdoor heat 9, operating as an evaporator.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur à double détente", le premier organe de commutation 15i, le deuxième organe de commutation 152 et le troisième organe de commutation 153 sont agencés de sorte que le fluide réfrigérant FR circule depuis le compresseur 7 vers l'échangeur de chaleur bi- fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, puis vers le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, sans subir de détente, puis subit une première détente à travers le deuxième organe de détente 132, puis circule vers le premier organe de détente 13i afin que le fluide réfrigérant FR subisse une deuxième détente, puis circule dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, et enfin vers le compresseur 7. In the so-called "double-expansion heat pump" operating mode, the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the coolant FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser, then to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as a condenser, without undergoing expansion, then undergoes a first expansion through the second expansion member 13 2 , then flows to the first expansion member 13i so that the cooling fluid FR undergoes a second expansion, then flows into the external heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator, and finally to the compressor 7.
En particulier, la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée de sorte que : In particular, the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
- on ouvre le deuxième canal du premier organe de 15i et, préférentiellement, on ferme le premier canal du premier organe de commutation 15i,  the second channel of the first member 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching member 15i is closed,
- on ouvre le deuxième canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le premier canal du deuxième organe de commutation 152, et the second channel of the second switching member 2 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
- on ouvre le premier canal du troisième organe de commutation 153 et, préférentiellement, on ferme le deuxième canal du troisième organe de commutation 153. De plus, the first channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the third switching member 15 3 is closed. Moreover,
- on ferme le dispositif de contournement 25i en parallèle du premier organe de détente 13i, - on ferme le dispositif de contournement 252 en parallèle du deuxième organe de détente 132, et - the bypass device 25i is closed in parallel with the first expansion member 13i, the circumvention device 252 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 132 , and
- on ouvre le dispositif de contournement 253 en parallèle du troisième organe de détente 133.  - The bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
Dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur à double détente", on active la boucle secondaire 5 de sorte que le fluide caloporteur FC circule dans la boucle secondaire 5 entre le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, fonctionnant en tant que condenseur, de façon à permettre un échange de chaleur entre le fluide réfrigérant FR et le fluide caloporteur FC. In the so-called "double-expansion heat pump" operating mode, the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the two-way heat exchanger. fluid 19, operating as a condenser, so as to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant FR and the heat transfer fluid FC.
Un tel agencement permet donc de mettre en œuvre deux détentes en série. Ainsi, le fluide réfrigérant FR, à haute pression et à haute température en provenance du compresseur 7, cède, dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide 19, de la chaleur au fluide caloporteur FC, permettant de réchauffer le flux d'air habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle à la traversée du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21. Such an arrangement therefore makes it possible to implement two detents in series. Thus, the refrigerant fluid FR, at high pressure and at high temperature from the compressor 7, yields, in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, heat to the coolant FC, for heating the air flow cabin FH adapted to be diffused in the cabin at the crossing of the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
Par suite, le fluide réfrigérant FR traverse le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 et subit ensuite une première détente, en sortie du premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , à travers le deuxième organe de détente 132 qui abaisse la température et la pression du fluide réfrigérant FR, puis subit une deuxième détente à travers le premier organe de détente 13i qui diminue encore la pression et la température du fluide réfrigérant FR, avant de traverser dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur. Le fluide réfrigérant FR, en sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9, peut ensuite retourner dans le compresseur 7 pour recommencer un cycle. As a result, the refrigerating fluid FR passes through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and then undergoes a first expansion, at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, through the second expansion member 132 which lowers the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant FR, then undergoes a second expansion through the first expansion member 13i which further decreases the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR, before passing through the external heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator. The refrigerant fluid FR at the outlet of the external heat exchanger 9 can then return to the compressor 7 to restart a cycle.
Alternativement, la première détente peut être réalisée par le troisième organe de détente 133. Selon cette variante de réalisation, le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 fonctionne en tant qu'évaporateur. Par suite, la deuxième détente est réalisée par le deuxième organe de détente 132 ou le premier organe de détente 13i . A cet effet, le deuxième dispositif de contournement 252 et le premier dispositif de contournement 25i sont configurés en conséquence. Alternatively, the first expansion can be performed by the third expansion member 133. According to this embodiment, the first heat exchanger Inner heat 11 operates as an evaporator. As a result, the second expansion is performed by the second expansion member 13 2 or the first expansion member 13i. For this purpose, the second bypass device 2 and the first bypass device 25 1 are configured accordingly.
Le flux d'air habitacle FH traversant dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 est donc refroidi et déshumidifié avant de passer à travers le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 , pour être réchauffé, avant d'être diffusé dans l'habitacle. The flow of cabin air FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is cooled and dehumidified before passing through the second indoor heat exchanger 21, to be heated, before being distributed in the passenger compartment.
Ainsi, le mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur à double détente" permet d'assurer une fonction de déshumidification du flux habitacle FH apte à être diffusé dans l'habitacle à la traversé du premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur 11 , fonctionnant en tant qu'évaporateur, dans lequel le flux d'air habitacle FH est refroidi et déshumidifié, avant d'être chauffé en traversant le deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur 21 . Thus, the so-called "double-expansion heat pump" operating mode makes it possible to provide a dehumidification function for the passenger compartment flow FH suitable for being diffused in the passenger compartment through the first internal heat exchanger 11, functioning as a evaporator, wherein the cabin air flow FH is cooled and dehumidified, before being heated through the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
Dans le cas d'environnement à basse température, par exemple de l'ordre de 0°C à -10°C, on peut prévoir une séquence de démarrage améliorée sans risque d'embuage. À cet effet, la séquence de démarrage peut comprendre : In the case of low temperature environment, for example of the order of 0 ° C to -10 ° C, can be provided an improved start sequence without risk of fogging. For this purpose, the startup sequence may include:
- une première phase dans laquelle la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée dans le deuxième mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur", permettant de réchauffer rapidement l'air de l'habitacle,  a first phase in which the air conditioning loop 3 is configured in the second mode of operation known as "heat pump", for rapidly heating the air of the passenger compartment,
- une deuxième phase dans laquelle la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée dans le premier mode de fonctionnement dit "pompe à chaleur", de façon à maximiser le sous-refroidissement et la puissance thermique.  - A second phase in which the air conditioning loop 3 is configured in the first operating mode called "heat pump", so as to maximize the subcooling and thermal power.
Enfin, lorsque l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur 9 givre, la boucle de climatisation 3 est configurée dans le mode de fonctionnement dit "déshumidification", ou le mode de fonctionnement dit "dégivrage", afin de remédier à cet inconvénient. On comprend donc que l'agencement et la commande, simultanée et/ou alternative, du premier organe de commutation 15i, du deuxième organe de commutation 152 et du troisième organe de commutation 153 permet de changer facilement le mode de fonctionnement de la boucle de climatisation 3, en utilisant moins de composants que dans les arrangements de l'art antérieur. Finally, when the outdoor heat exchanger 9 frost, the air conditioning loop 3 is configured in the operating mode called "dehumidification", or the operating mode called "defrost", to remedy this drawback. It is therefore understood that the arrangement and the simultaneous and / or alternative control of the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 make it possible to easily change the operating mode of the control loop. air conditioning 3, using fewer components than in the arrangements of the prior art.
Dans l'ensemble de la description de la présente invention en relation avec les figures 1 à 9, le premier organe de détente 13i et le premier dispositif de contournement 25i ont été décrits comme des composants de la boucle de climatisation 3 distincts. Toutefois, alternativement, le premier organe de détente 13i et le premier dispositif de contournement 25i peuvent être combinés dans un unique organe de détente/contournement afin de former un système intégré. Throughout the description of the present invention in connection with Figures 1 to 9, the first expansion member 13i and the first bypass 25i have been described as components of the air conditioning loop 3 distinct. However, alternatively, the first detent member 13i and the first bypass device 25i can be combined into a single detent / bypass member to form an integrated system.
De même, le deuxième organe de détente 132 et le deuxième clapet anti-retour 242 ont été décrits comme des composants de la boucle de climatisation 3 distincts. Toutefois, alternativement, le deuxième organe de détente 132 et le deuxième clapet anti-retour 242 peuvent être combinés dans un unique organe de détente/ contournement afin de former un système intégré. Similarly, the second expansion member 13 2 and the second check valve 24 2 have been described as components of the air conditioning loop 3 separate. However, alternatively, the second expansion member 13 2 and the second non-return valve 24 2 can be combined in a single detent / bypass member to form an integrated system.
Enfin, le troisième organe de détente 133, le troisième clapet anti-retour 243 et la troisième vanne deux-voies 26 ont été décrits comme des composants de la boucle de climatisation 3 distincts. Toutefois, alternativement, le troisième organe de détente 133, le troisième clapet anti-retour 243 et la troisième vanne deux-voies 26 peuvent être combinés dans un unique organe de détente/ contournement afin de former un système intégré. Finally, the third expansion member 133, the third non-return valve 24 3 and the third two-way valve 26 have been described as components of the air conditioning loop 3 separate. However, alternatively, the third expansion member 133, the third non-return valve 24 3 and the third two-way valve 26 can be combined in a single expansion / bypass member to form an integrated system.
De même, le premier organe de détente 13i et le premier dispositif de contournement 25i et le troisième organe de commutation 153 ont été décrits comme des composants de la boucle de climatisation 3 distincts. Toutefois, alternativement, le premier organe de détente 13i et le premier dispositif de contournement 25i et le troisième organe de commutation 153 peuvent être combinés dans un unique organe de détente/commutation afin de former un système intégré. Alternativement, dans l'ensemble des modes de réalisation décrits précédemment, le deuxième clapet anti-retour 242 peut être remplacé par une vanne deux-voies. Likewise, the first expansion member 13i and the first bypass device 25i and the third switching member 153 have been described as separate components of the air conditioning loop 3. However, alternatively, the first expansion member 13i and the first device 25i bypass and the third switching member 15 3 can be combined in a single detent / switching member to form an integrated system. Alternatively, in all the embodiments described above, the second non-return valve 24 2 can be replaced by a two-way valve.
Bien évidemment, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits précédemment et fournis uniquement à titre d'exemple. Elle englobe diverses modifications, formes alternatives et autres variantes que pourra envisager l'homme du métier dans le cadre de la présente invention et notamment toutes combinaisons des différents modes de fonctionnement décrits précédemment, pouvant être pris séparément ou en association. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and provided solely by way of example. It encompasses various modifications, alternative forms and other variants that may be considered by those skilled in the art in the context of the present invention and in particular any combination of the different modes of operation described above, which can be taken separately or in combination.

Claims

Revendications Claims
1 . Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) pour véhicule automobile comprenant 1. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) for motor vehicle comprising
- une boucle de climatisation (3) à l'intérieur de laquelle circule un fluide réfrigérant (FR) comprenant un compresseur (7), un échangeur de chaleur extérieur (9), apte à assurer un échange de la chaleur avec un flux d'air extérieur (FE), un premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ), apte à assurer un échange de la chaleur avec un flux d'air habitacle (FH) destiné à être diffusé dans un habitacle du véhicule, et, - an air conditioning loop (3) inside which circulates a refrigerant fluid (FR) comprising a compressor (7), an external heat exchanger (9), capable of ensuring an exchange of heat with a flow of exterior air (FE), a first interior heat exchanger (11), capable of ensuring an exchange of heat with a flow of passenger compartment air (FH) intended to be distributed in a passenger compartment of the vehicle, and,
- une boucle secondaire (5) à l'intérieur de laquelle circule un fluide caloporteur (FC), - a secondary loop (5) inside which a heat transfer fluid (FC) circulates,
la boucle de climatisation (3) et la boucle secondaire (5) étant en interaction par l'intermédiaire d'un échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide (19), apte à assurer un échange de chaleur entre le fluide réfrigérant (FR) et le fluide caloporteur (FC), the air conditioning loop (3) and the secondary loop (5) being in interaction via a bi-fluid heat exchanger (19), capable of ensuring heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid (FR) and the heat transfer fluid (FC),
caractérisée en ce que la boucle de climatisation (3) comprend au moins un premier organe de commutation (15i), un deuxième organe de commutation (152) et un troisième organe de commutation (153) characterized in that the air conditioning loop (3) comprises at least a first switching member (15i), a second switching member (15 2 ) and a third switching member (153)
- le premier organe de commutation (15i) étant agencé entre le compresseur (7) et le deuxième organe de commutation (152), - the first switching member (15i) being arranged between the compressor (7) and the second switching member (15 2 ),
- le deuxième organe de commutation (152) étant agencé entre le premier organe de commutation (15i) et le troisième organe de commutation (153), et - the second switching member (15 2 ) being arranged between the first switching member (15i) and the third switching member (15 3 ), and
- le troisième organe de commutation (153) étant agencé entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (9) et le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ). - the third switching member (153) being arranged between the exterior heat exchanger (9) and the first interior heat exchanger (11).
2. Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , dans laquelle l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (9) et/ou le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ) et/ou l'échangeur de chaleur bi- fluide (19) sont configurés pour fonctionner en tant que condenseur ou en tant qu'évaporateur. 2. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to claim 1, in which the exterior heat exchanger (9) and/or the first interior heat exchanger (11) and/or the heat exchanger bi- fluid (19) are configured to operate as a condenser or as an evaporator.
Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon l'une
Figure imgf000045_0001
quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la boucle de climatisation Installation of heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning (1) according to one
Figure imgf000045_0001
any of the preceding claims, in which the air conditioning loop
(3) comprend un organe de détente, dit premier organe de détente (13i), interposé entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (9) et le troisième organe de commutation (153). (3) comprises an expansion member, called the first expansion member (13i), interposed between the external heat exchanger (9) and the third switching member (153).
4. Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la boucle de climatisation (3) comprend un organe de détente, dit deuxième organe de détente (132), interposé entre le troisième organe de commutation (153) et le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ). 4. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the air conditioning loop (3) comprises an expansion member, called a second expansion member (13 2 ), interposed between the third switching member (153) and the first interior heat exchanger (11).
5. Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la boucle de climatisation (3) comprend un organe de détente, dit troisième organe de détente (133), interposé entre le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ) et l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide (19). 5. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the air conditioning loop (3) comprises an expansion member, called a third expansion member (133), interposed between the first interior heat exchanger (11) and the bi-fluid heat exchanger (19).
6. Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, dans laquelle la boucle de climatisation (3) comprend au moins un dispositif de contournement (25i, 252, 253) disposé en parallèle de l'organe de détente (13i, 132, 133). 6. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, in which the air conditioning loop (3) comprises at least one bypass device (25i, 252, 253) arranged in parallel to the expansion member (13i, 132, 133).
7. Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle le dispositif de contournement (25i, 252, 253) comprend une clapet anti-retour (24i, 242). 7. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to claim 6, in which the bypass device (25i, 252, 253) comprises a non-return valve (24i, 24 2 ).
8. Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, dans laquelle le dispositif de contournement (25i, 252, 253) comprend une vanne deux-voies (26). 8. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to one of claims 6 or 7, in which the bypass device (25i, 25 2 , 253) includes a two-way valve (26).
9. Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la boucle de climatisation (3) comprend un accumulateur (23) agencé en amont du compresseur (7). 9. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the air conditioning loop (3) comprises an accumulator (23) arranged upstream of the compressor (7).
10. Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la boucle secondaire (5) comprend un deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur (21 ), apte à assurer un échange de la chaleur avec un flux d'air habitacle (FH). 10. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the secondary loop (5) comprises a second interior heat exchanger (21), capable of ensuring heat exchange with cabin air flow (FH).
1 1 . Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ) est agencé en amont du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur (21 ). 1 1 . Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to claim 10, in which the first indoor heat exchanger (11) is arranged upstream of the second indoor heat exchanger (21).
12. Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon la revendication 10 ou 11 , dans laquelle un échangeur de chaleur additionnel (27) est agencé en aval du deuxième échangeur de chaleur intérieur (21 ). 12. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to claim 10 or 11, in which an additional heat exchanger (27) is arranged downstream of the second interior heat exchanger (21).
13. Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la boucle secondaire (5) comprend un échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire (29), apte à assurer un échange de la chaleur entre le fluide caloporteur (FC) et un composant embarqué dans le véhicule. 13. Heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the secondary loop (5) comprises an auxiliary heat exchanger (29), capable of ensuring an exchange of heat between the heat transfer fluid (FC) and a component embedded in the vehicle.
14. Procédé de mise en œuvre d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon l'une quelconques des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une étape d'agencement du premier organe de commutation (15i), du deuxième organe de commutation (152) et du troisième organe de commutation (153) de sorte que, depuis le compresseur (7), le fluide réfrigérant (FR) circule successivement dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (9) puis dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ). 14. Method for implementing a heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises at least one step of arranging the first member switching element (15i), the second switching member (15 2 ) and the third switching member (153) so that, from the compressor (7), the refrigerant fluid (FR) circulates successively in the exterior heat exchanger (9) then into the first interior heat exchanger (11).
15. Procédé de mise en œuvre d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon l'une quelconques des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une étape d'agencement du premier organe de commutation (15i), du deuxième organe de commutation (152) et du troisième organe de commutation (153) de sorte que, depuis le compresseur (7), le fluide réfrigérant (FR) circule successivement dans l'échangeur de chaleur bi-fluide (19) puis dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ). 15. Method for implementing a heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises at least one step of arranging the first member switching element (15i), the second switching member (15 2 ) and the third switching member (153) so that, from the compressor (7), the refrigerant fluid (FR) circulates successively in the heat exchanger bi -fluid (19) then into the first interior heat exchanger (11).
16. Procédé de mise en œuvre selon la revendication 15 dans lequel le fluide réfrigérant (FR) circule successivement dans le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ) puis dans l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (9). 16. Implementation method according to claim 15 in which the refrigerant fluid (FR) circulates successively in the first interior heat exchanger (11) then in the exterior heat exchanger (9).
17. Procédé de mise en œuvre selon l'une quelconques des revendications 14 à 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape de désactivation de la boucle secondaire (5). 17. Implementation method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that it comprises a step of deactivation of the secondary loop (5).
18. Procédé de mise en œuvre selon l'une quelconques des revendications 14 à 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'activation de la boucle secondaire (5). 18. Implementation method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that it comprises a step of activating the secondary loop (5).
19. Procédé de mise en œuvre selon l'une quelconques des revendications 14 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'ouverture d'un premier dispositif de contournement (25i) agencé en parallèle d'un premier organe de détente (13i), le premier organe de détente (13i) étant interposé entre l'échangeur de chaleur extérieur (9) et le troisième organe de commutation (153). 19. Implementation method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that it comprises a step of opening a first bypass device (25i) arranged in parallel with a first expansion member (13i), the first expansion member (13i) being interposed between the external heat exchanger (9) and the third switching member (15 3 ).
20. Procédé de mise en œuvre selon l'une quelconques des revendications 14 à 19, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'ouverture d'un deuxième dispositif de contournement (252) agencé en parallèle d'un deuxième organe de détente (132), le deuxième organe de détente (132) étant interposé entre le troisième organe de commutation (153) et le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ). 20. Implementation method according to any one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that it comprises a step of opening a second bypass device (25 2 ) arranged in parallel with a second expansion member (132), the second expansion member (132) being interposed between the third switching member (15 3 ) and the first interior heat exchanger (11).
21 . Procédé de mise en œuvre selon l'une quelconques des revendications 14 à21. Implementation method according to any one of claims 14 to
20, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'ouverture d'un troisième dispositif de contournement (253) agencé en parallèle d'un troisième organe de détente (133), le troisième organe de détente (133) étant interposé entre le premier échangeur de chaleur intérieur (11 ) et l'échangeur de chaleur bi- fluide (19). 20, characterized in that it comprises a step of opening a third bypass device (253) arranged in parallel with a third expansion member (133), the third expansion member (133) being interposed between the first indoor heat exchanger (11) and the bi-fluid heat exchanger (19).
22. Procédé de mise en œuvre selon l'une quelconques des revendications 14 à 21 d'une installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation (1 ) selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'activation de l'échangeur de chaleur additionnel (27). 22. Implementation method according to any one of claims 14 to 21 of a heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises a step of activating the additional heat exchanger (27).
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FR2913217A1 (en) * 2007-03-02 2008-09-05 Renault Sas Heat energy management system for motor vehicle, has inverting unit permitting flow of refrigerant to compressor when unit is in position identical to pump mode position, for obtaining functioning based on evaluation mode of calories
DE102008028178A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-03 Konvekta Ag Air conditioner for conditioning a plurality of fluids
FR2937589A1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2010-04-30 Valeo Systemes Thermiques THERMODYNAMIC AIR CONDITIONING LOOP INTEGRATED WITH A HEATING, VENTILATION AND / OR AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT EQUIPPED WITH A VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR AN ELECTRIC PROPULSION.
FR2950571A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-01 Valeo Systemes Thermiques AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM COMPRISING A MOTOR VEHICLE AND METHOD OF IMPLEMENTING SUCH A SYSTEM ACCORDING TO VARIOUS MODES OF OPERATION

Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3026060A1 (en) * 2014-09-23 2016-03-25 Valeo Systemes Thermiques AIR CONDITIONING CIRCUIT FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE AND CORRESPONDING DRIVING METHOD
FR3034712A1 (en) * 2015-04-08 2016-10-14 Valeo Systemes Thermiques AIR CONDITIONING LOOP AND CORRESPONDING AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLE
EP3666565A4 (en) * 2017-08-08 2020-11-25 Hangzhou Sanhua Research Institute Co., Ltd. Automotive air conditioning system
US11358438B2 (en) 2017-08-08 2022-06-14 Hangzhou Sanhua Research Institute Co., Ltd. Automotive air conditioning system

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